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Foreign relations of Ireland

January 07, 2023

The foreign relations of Ireland are substantially influenced by its membership of the European Union, although bilateral relations with the United States and United Kingdom are also important to the state. It is one of the group of smaller nations in the EU, and has traditionally followed a non-aligned foreign policy. Ireland has historically tended towards independence in foreign military policy, thus it is not a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation and has a longstanding policy of military neutrality. According to the Irish Defence Forces, the neutrality policy has helped them to be successful in their contributions to United Nations peace-keeping missions since 1960 (in the Congo Crisis) and subsequently in Cyprus, Lebanon and Bosnia and Herzegovina.[1]

Main relationships

United Kingdom

 
Embassy of Ireland in London
Main article: Ireland–United Kingdom relations

Since at least the 1100s Ireland, as a result of military conquest, has had political connections with the United Kingdom and its predecessor states, with the whole island becoming a part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 1801 to 1922. From the time of Ireland became independent from the United Kingdom in 1922, the two countries have been involved in a dispute over the status of Northern Ireland. Articles 2 and 3 of the Constitution of Ireland formerly claimed Northern Ireland as a part of the "national territory", though in practice the Irish government did recognise the UK's jurisdiction over the region.
From the onset of the Troubles in 1969, the two governments sought to bring the violence to an end. The Sunningdale Agreement of 1973 and the Anglo-Irish Agreement of 1985 were important steps in this process. In 1998, both states signed the Good Friday Agreement and now co-operate closely to find a solution to the region's problems. Articles 2 and 3 of the Constitution of Ireland were amended as part of this agreement, the territorial claim being replaced with a statement of aspiration to unite the people of the island of Ireland. As part of the Good Friday Agreement, the states also ended their dispute over their respective names: Ireland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Each agreed to accept and use the others' correct name.

When the Troubles were raging in Northern Ireland, the Irish Government sought, with mixed success, to prevent the import of weapons and ammunition through its territory by illegal paramilitary organisations for use in their conflict with the security forces in Northern Ireland. In 1973 three ships of the Irish Naval Service intercepted a ship carrying weapons from Libya which were probably destined for Irish Republican paramilitaries.[2] Law enforcement acts such as these additionally improved relations with the government of the United Kingdom. However, the independent judiciary blocked a number of attempts to extradite suspects between 1970 and 1998 on the basis that their crime might have been 'political' and thus contrary to international law at the time.

Ireland is one of the parties to the Rockall continental shelf dispute that also involves Denmark, Iceland, and the United Kingdom. Ireland and the United Kingdom have signed a boundary agreement in the Rockall area. However, neither have concluded similar agreements with Iceland or Denmark (on behalf of the Faroe Islands) and the matter remains under negotiation. Iceland now claims[3] a substantial area of the continental shelf to the west of Ireland, to a point 49°48'N 19°00'W, which is further south than Ireland.

The controversial Sellafield nuclear fuel reprocessing plant in north-western England has also been a contentious issue between the two governments. The Irish government has sought the closure of the plant, taking a case against the UK government under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. However, the European Court of Justice found that the case should have been dealt with under EU law.[4] In 2006, however, both countries came to a friendly agreement which enabled both the Radiological Protection Institute of Ireland and the Garda Síochána (Irish Police Force) access to the site to conduct investigations.[5]

United States

 
Embassy of Ireland to the US, in Washington, D.C.
Main article: Ireland–United States relations
See also: United States Ambassador to Ireland, Embassy of the United States in Dublin, and United States Ambassador's Official Residence in Dublin

The United States recognised the Irish Free State on 28 June 1924 with diplomatic relations being established on 7 October 1924. In 1927, the United States opened an American Legation in Dublin.[6] Due to the ancestral ties between the two countries, Ireland and the US have a strong relationship, both politically and economically, with the US being Ireland's biggest trading partner since 2000.[7] Ireland also receives more foreign direct investment from the US than many larger nations, with investments in Ireland equal to France and Germany combined and, in 2012, more than all of developing Asia put together.[8]

The use of Shannon Airport as a stop-over point for US forces en route to Iraq has caused domestic controversy in Ireland. Opponents of this policy brought an unsuccessful High Court case against the government in 2003, arguing that this use of Irish airspace violated Irish neutrality.[9] Restrictions such as carrying no arms, ammunition, or explosives, and that the flights in question did not form part of military exercises or operations were put in place to defend Irish neutrality, however allegations have been made against the Central Intelligence Agency that the airport has been used between 30 and 50 times for illegal extraordinary rendition flights to the U.S without the knowledge of the Irish Government, despite diplomatic assurances by the US that Irish airspace would not be used for transport of detainees.[10][11]

In July 2006, the former Irish Minister for Foreign Affairs, Dermot Ahern voiced concern over the 2006 Lebanon War.[12] A shipment of bombs being sent to Israel by the United States was banned using Irish airspace or airfields.[13]

In 1995 a decision was made by the U.S. government to appoint a Special Envoy to Northern Ireland to help with the Northern Ireland peace process. During the 2008 presidential campaign in the United States, however, Democratic Party candidate Barack Obama was reported as having questioned the necessity to keep a US Special Envoy for Northern Ireland. His remarks caused uproar within the Republican Party, with Senator John McCain questioning his leadership abilities and his commitment to the ongoing peace process in Northern Ireland.[14]

As of 2022, Daniel Mulhall is the Irish ambassador to the United States while the position of U.S. ambassador to Ireland is held by Claire D. Cronin.

 
Countries with which Ireland has diplomatic relations

China

 
Embassy of Ireland in Beijing
See also: China–Ireland relations

Ireland's official relationship with the People's Republic of China began on 22 June 1979.[15] Following his visit to China in 1999, former Taoiseach Bertie Ahern authorised the establishment of an Asia Strategy.[16] The aim of this Strategy was to ensure that the Irish Government and Irish enterprise work coherently to enhance the important relationships between Ireland and Asia.[16] In recent years due to the rapid expansion of the Chinese economy, China is becoming a key trade partner of Ireland, with over $6bn worth of bilateral trade between the two countries in 2010. In July 2013, the Tánaiste and Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade were invited to China by the Chinese foreign minister Wang Yi on a trade mission to boost both investment and political ties between the two countries.[17]

Ireland has raised its concerns in the area of human rights with China on a number of occasions. On 12 May 2007, during a visit to Beijing, former Taoiseach Brian Cowen (then Minister for Finance) discussed human rights issues with Chinese Foreign Minister Li Zhaoxing.[18] Former Tánaiste Mary Coughlan also raised human rights issues and concerns with visiting Chinese Vice-Premier Zeng Peiyan.[18] Ireland also participates in the EU-China Human Rights Dialogue.

Concerning the Taiwan issue, Ireland follows a One-China policy and emphasizes to the Taiwan issue being best settled through dialogue "between the parties concerned". Ireland does not maintain official diplomatic ties with Taiwan although there is a Taipei Representative Office that has a representative function in relation to economic and cultural promotion.

In July 2019, the UN ambassadors from 22 nations, including Ireland, signed a joint letter to the UNHRC condemning China's mistreatment of the Uyghurs as well as its mistreatment of other minority groups, urging the Chinese government to close the Xinjiang re-education camps.[19][20]

Africa

  No formal diplomatic relations
Country Formal relations began Notes
  Algeria January 1975[21]
  • Ireland is represented in Algeria through its embassy in Bern (Switzerland).
  • Algeria has an embassy in Dublin.
  • There are 1,047 Algerians living in Ireland.[22]
  Angola 24 January 2001[23]
  • Ireland is represented in Angola through its embassy in Maputo (Mozambique).
  • Angola is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London (United Kingdom).
  • Between 2006 and 2010 Angola received almost €7.6 million from the government of Ireland through Irish Aid.[24]
  Benin Ireland and Benin maintain diplomatic relations.[25]
  Botswana
  Burkina Faso 1 May 2007[27]
  Burundi 2004[29]
  Cameroon 23 April 2007[31]
  • Ireland is represented in Cameroon through its embassy in Abuja (Nigeria).
  • Cameroon is represented in Ireland through an honorary consulate in Dublin.
  Cape Verde 19 March 2021[32][33]
  Central African Republic 26 June 2018 Ireland and the Central African Republic established diplomatic relations on 26 June 2018.[34]
  Chad 30 June 2000[35]
  Comoros 2017[37] Comoros and Ireland established diplomatic relations in 2017.[37]
  Democratic Republic of Congo 2000[37]
  • Ireland is represented in the Democratic Republic of Congo through its embassy in Pretoria (South Africa).
  • Democratic Republic of Congo received €7.4 million in aid from Ireland in 2011.[38]
  • There are 1,770 citizens from between both the Republic of the Congo and Democratic Republic of Congo living in Ireland. The exact number from each is uncertain due to the fact Congo with no distinction was used solely in census reports.[22]
  Republic of the Congo
  • Ireland is represented in the Republic of Congo through its permanent mission to the United Nations in New York (United States).
  • There are 1,770 citizens from between both the Republic of the Congo and Democratic Republic of Congo living in Ireland. The exact number from each is uncertain due to the fact Congo with no distinction was used solely in census reports.[22]
  Djibouti 6 July 2001[39]
  Egypt December 1974[21]
  • Ireland has an embassy in Cairo and an honorary consulate in Alexandria.[41]
  • Egypt has an embassy in Dublin, the first embassy of an Arab country in Ireland.[42]
  • There are 1,055 Egyptians living in Ireland.[22]
  Equatorial Guinea N/A Ireland does not maintain diplomatic relations with Equatorial Guinea.
  Eritrea 2002[43]
  Eswatini 2019 Ireland and Eswatini established diplomatic relations in 2019[44]
  Ethiopia 1994[45] See Ethiopia–Ireland relations
  • Ireland has an embassy in Addis Ababa.
  • Ethiopia closed its embassy in Dublin in 2021.
  • In 2011, Ethiopia received €36.4 million in aid from Ireland.[38]
  • In November 2014 the President of Ireland Michael D. Higgins visited Ethiopia on a state visit to celebrate 20 years of diplomatic relations between the two countries. During this visit a bilateral transport agreement was signed which paved the way for Ethiopian Airlines to commence direct flights to Dublin from Addis Ababa, the first between Ireland and Sub-Saharan Africa.[46]
  Gabon
  The Gambia 29 May 2001[47]
  Ghana 1990[49]
  • Ireland is represented in Ghana through its embassy in Abuja (Nigeria). Ireland also maintains a visa applications centre in Accra.
  • Ghana is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London (United Kingdom).
  • There are 1,158 Ghanaians living in Ireland.[22]
  Guinea
  Guinea Bissau
  Ivory Coast 3 May 2000[51]
  Kenya
  • Ireland has an embassy in Nairobi.
  • Kenya has an embassy in Dublin.
  • Kenya received €9.3 million in aid from Ireland in 2011.[38]
  • There are approximately 2,000 Irish citizens living in Kenya.[53]
  Lesotho
  • Ireland is represented in Lesotho through its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa after closing its embassy in Maseru in 2014.
  • Lesotho has an embassy in Dublin.
  • In June 2006 the President of Ireland, Mary McAleese made a state visit to the country.[54]
  • Lesotho received €11.3 million in aid from Ireland in 2011.[38]
  Liberia 2004[55]
  Libya 1977[57]
  • Ireland is represented in Libya through its embassy in Rome (Italy).
  • Libya is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London (United Kingdom).

Under Muammar Gaddafi, the prime governor of Libya from 1969 to 2011, relations between both countries were strained due to Gaddaffi's support of the Irish Republican Army. Gaddafi was sympathetic to their cause and also wanted revenge for the US Air Force's bombing attacks on Tripoli and Benghazi in 1986. Between 1984 and 1987 Libya sent the IRA about 1,000 AK47 assault rifles and six tonnes of Semtex explosive alongside other weapons. This shipment ensured The Troubles could continue for many more years, mainly until the Good Friday Agreement of 1998 ended the conflict.[58]

  Madagascar Ireland and Madagascar maintain diplomatic relations.[59]
  Malawi 2002
  • Ireland has an embassy in Lilongwe and an honorary consulate in Blantyre.[60]
  • Malawi has an honorary consulate in Dublin.
  • Malawi received €17.5 million in aid from Ireland in 2011.[38]
  • In 2014 the President of Ireland, Michael D. Higgins, made a state visit to Malawi.[61]
  Mali Ireland maintains diplomatic relations with Mali.[62]
  Mauritania 1 December 2022 Ireland and Mauritania established diplomatic relations on 1 December 2022.[63]
  Mauritius August 2000[64]
  • Ireland is represented in Mauritius through its embassy in Pretoria, (South Africa).
  • Mauritius is represented in Ireland through its high commission in London (United Kingdom).
  • There are 2,844 citizens of Mauritius living in Ireland.[65]

Following the murder of Irish tourist Michaela McAreavey on the island in January 2011, several Irish businesses proposed a boycott of the island due to the questionable trial in which all 3 suspects were acquitted.[66] Another source of discontent was the investigation by the Mauritian authorities. The Major Crime Investigation Team (MCIT), who were in charge, admitted they failed to interview fellow guests at the hotel who were staying close to the room in which the murder occurred. They also failed to preserve the crime scene and did not provide any solid DNA evidence against the accused.[67] As a result, the Irish ambassador to Mauritius conveyed in person to the Prime Minister of Mauritius, Navin Ramgoolam, a formal government to government protest over what happened.[68][69]

  Morocco 19 March 1975[70]
  • Ireland has an embassy in Rabat.[71]
  • Morocco has an embassy in Dublin.

In November 2012 Morocco recalled its ambassador to Ireland temporarily due to the fact the leader of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, Mohamed Abdelaziz, met with top Irish officials, including the President of Ireland Michael D. Higgins and the Minister for Foreign Affairs, Eamon Gilmore. The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic claims sovereignty over Western Sahara, a disputed territory that Morocco also claims to own.[72]

  Mozambique 13 June 1996[73]
  • Ireland has an embassy in Maputo.[74]
  • Mozambique is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London (United Kingdom).
  • Mozambique received €42.2 million in aid from Ireland in 2011.[38]
  Namibia 1994[75]

Following Namibia's Independence from South Africa in 1990, Ireland sent 50 Garda officers as well as 20 military observers to the country as part of the United Nations Transition Assistance Group. This group as sent to monitor the peace process and elections taking place there at the time.[76]

  Niger
  Nigeria
  Rwanda
  São Tomé and Príncipe N/A Ireland does not maintain diplomatic relations with São Tomé and Príncipe.
  Senegal
  Seychelles 9 October 1999[78]
  Sierra Leone 19 January 2000[80]
  • Ireland has an embassy in Freetown since 2014.
  • Sierra Leone is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London (United Kingdom) and an honorary consulate in Muine Bheag in Co. Carlow.
  • Sierra Leone received €9.1 million in aid from Ireland in 2011.[38]
  • Between 2005 and 2014 Ireland provided over €88 million in assistance to projects in Sierra Leone.[81]
  Somalia
  South Africa 1993[83]
  • Ireland opened an embassy in Pretoria in 1994. Ireland also has an honorary consulate in Cape Town.[84]
  • The South African Embassy in Dublin was opened in 1995.
  • There are 4,872 South Africans living in Ireland.[85]
  • Ireland gave just over €6.1 million in aid to South Africa in 2011.[38]
  • South African Department of Foreign Affairs about relations with Ireland

A principled stand against apartheid by Ireland came to prevent the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries. As a result, Ireland was the only EU country that did not have full diplomatic relations with South Africa until 1993, when an exchange of ambassadors was agreed with the De Klerk administration in anticipation of the ending of apartheid.

  South Sudan 4 May 2012[86] First Irish ambassador presented their credentials to the South Sudanese government in May 2012.[86]
  Sudan 28 March 1984[87]
  • Ireland is represented in Sudan through its embassy in Cairo (Egypt) and an honorary consulate in Khartoum.[74]
  • Sudan has an embassy in Dublin.
  • Sudan received €9.6 million in aid from Ireland in 2011.[38]
  • There are 1,470 Sudanese living in Ireland.[22]
  Tanzania 1979[88]
  Togo 27 June 2018 Ireland and Togo established diplomatic relations on 27 June 2018.[90]
  Tunisia January 1975[21]
  • Ireland is represented in Tunisia through its embassy in Madrid (Spain) and an honorary consulate in Tunis.
  • Tunisia is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London (United Kingdom) and an honorary consulate in Dublin.
  Uganda 1994
  • Ireland has an embassy in Kampala.
  • Uganda is represented in Ireland through its high commission in London (United Kingdom) and an honorary consulate in Dublin.
  • In 2011 Uganda received €42.7 million from Ireland through a variety of aid programmes.[38]
  • Irish people are one of the few citizens that do not need a visa to travel to Uganda.[91]

It was found in November 2012 that €4 million worth of Irish foreign aid was misappropriated by senior officials of the country. Instead of going towards aiding the development of the country, this money was redirected into the personal account of the prime minister of Uganda. The Irish government then halted all aid payments towards Uganda until the money was recouped, which eventually occurred in January 2013.[92]

  Zambia 1965[93] See Ireland–Zambia relations
  • Ireland has an embassy in Lusaka.
  • Zambia is represented in Ireland through its High Commission in London (United Kingdom).
  • Zambia benefits greatly from Irish Aid programs, in 2010 the country received €20.58 million in total from the country.[38]
  Zimbabwe 1984
  • Ireland is represented in Zimbabwe through an honorary consulate in Harare.[94]
  • Zimbabwe is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London (United Kingdom).
  • Zimbabwe received €7.6 million in aid from Ireland in 2011.[38]
  • There are 1,537 Zimbabweans living in Ireland.[22]

Americas

  No formal diplomatic relations
Country Formal relations began Notes
  Antigua and Barbuda 19 May 2000[95]
  Argentina 21 July 1947[97] See Argentina-Ireland relations
  • Ireland has an embassy in Buenos Aires.
  • Argentina has an embassy in Dublin.
  • In 2012 the Irish president Michael D. Higgins became the third Irish President in succession to visit Argentina on a state visit.
  • In March 2008, a new visa programme between the two countries allowing young people from each country to work in the other for up to 9 months was announced.[98]
  • See Also: Irish Argentine
  Bahamas 23 April 2007[99]
  • Ireland is represented in The Bahamas through its embassy in Ottawa (Canada) and an honorary consulate in Nassau.[100]
  • The Bahamas are represented in Ireland through their High Commission in London, (United Kingdom).
  Barbados 3 May 2001[101]
  Belize 21 July 2000[103]
  Bolivia 1999[105]
  Brazil 19 September 1975[107] See Brazil–Ireland relations
  • Ireland has an embassy in Brasília and an honorary consulate in São Paulo.
  • Brazil has an embassy in Dublin and an honorary consulate in Cork.
  • There are 8,704 Brazilians living in Ireland.[65]
  • Ireland is the fourth most popular country in the world for Brazilian students studying abroad.[108]
  • See also: Irish Brazilian
  Canada 11 September 1939[109] See Canada–Ireland relations
  • Ireland has an embassy in Ottawa and consulates-general in Toronto and Vancouver.[110]
  • Canada has an embassy in Dublin.
  • There are 2,384 Canadian citizens residing in Ireland.[65]
  • Canada and Ireland enjoy friendly relations, the importance of these relations centres on the history of Irish migration to Canada. Approximately 4 million Canadians have Irish ancestors, or approximately 14% of Canada's population.
  Chile See also: Chile–Ireland relations
  • Chile has an embassy in Dublin.[111]
  • Ireland has an embassy in Santiago.[112]
  • A special visa program allowing young people from both countries to work in the other country for up to a year was announced in 2016.[113]
  • See also: Irish Chilean
  Colombia 10 November 1999[114] See Colombia–Ireland relations
  • Ireland has an embassy in Bogotá.[115]
  • Colombia has an embassy in Dublin.[116]
  • Colombia received over €1 million in aid from Ireland in 2011.[38]
  Costa Rica 15 September 2000[117]
  Cuba 27 October 1999[120]
  • Ireland is accredited to Cuba from its embassy in Mexico City and a consulate in Havana.
  • Cuba has an embassy in Dublin.
  • A large number of Irish people migrated to Cuba in the 19th century.
  • The Irish Republican political party, Sinn Féin is also known to have close political links to the Cuban government. In 2015 Sinn Féin party leader, Gerry Adams made an official visit to the country.[121]
  Dominica 6 July 2001[122]
  • Although diplomatic relations with Dominica are maintained through Ireland's Embassy in Havana, (Cuba), Ireland is represented in Dominica consularly through its embassy in Washington, D.C., (United States).
  Dominican Republic 6 July 2009[123]
  • Ireland is represented in the Dominican Republic through its embassy in Washington, D.C.
  • The Dominican Republic is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London, United Kingdom.
  Ecuador 20 October 1999[124]
  El Salvador 13 July 2000[125]
  Grenada
  Guatemala
  • Ireland is accredited to Guatemala through its embassy in Mexico City, Mexico and through its honorary consulate in Guatemala City.
  • Guatemala is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London, United Kingdom.
  Guyana 2 February 2000[127]
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 February 2000.[128]
  • Ireland has an honorary consulate in Georgetown, Guyana.
  • Guyana is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London, United Kingdom.
  Haiti 26 January 2012[129]
  • Ireland is represented in Haiti through Ireland's embassy in Mexico City, (Mexico).
  • In 2014 Haiti received €2.1m from Ireland in development aid.[130]
  • Following the devastating 2010 Haiti earthquake, Ireland donated €37.3m to the country in response through governmental bodies such as Irish Aid and through donations to NGO'S from the public.[131]
  Honduras 11 December 1999[132]
  • Although diplomatic relations with Honduras are maintained through Ireland's Embassy in Madrid Spain, Ireland is represented in Honduras consularly through its embassy in Mexico City (Mexico).[133]
  • Honduras is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London (United Kingdom).
  Jamaica 7 December 1997[134]
  Mexico 10 January 1974[135] See Ireland–Mexico relations
  Nicaragua 9 September 2003[139]
  Panama 14 February 2001[140]
  • Although diplomatic relations with Panama are maintained through Ireland embassy in Bogota, (Colombia), Ireland is represented in Panama consularly through its embassy in Mexico City (Mexico) and through an honorary consulate in Panama City.[141]
  Paraguay 15 January 2001[142]
  Peru 27 June 1999[143]
  • Ireland is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Santiago, Chile and maintains an honorary consulate in Lima.
  • Peru has an embassy in Dublin.
  Saint Kitts & Nevis Ireland does not maintain diplomatic relations with Saint Kitts and Nevis.
  Saint Lucia 2000[144]
  Saint Vincent & the Grenadines 10 December 2013[146]
  Suriname 19 November 2019[148]
  • Ireland and Suriname maintain diplomatic relations.[149]
  Trinidad and Tobago 13 December 2000[150]
  • Ireland is represented in Trinidad & Tobago through its embassy is in Havana (Cuba) and an honorary consulate in Port of Spain, Trinidad.
  • Trinidad & Tobago is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London, United Kingdom.
  United States 7 October 1924[151] See above and Ireland–United States relations
  Uruguay 19 January 1955[154]
  Venezuela 26 September 1980[155]

Asia

  No formal diplomatic relations
Country Formal relations began Notes
  Afghanistan 19 September 2002[156]
  Armenia 28 June 1996[157]
  • Ireland recognised Armenia's independence in December 1991.
  • Armenia is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London (United Kingdom) and an honorary consulate in Dublin.[158]
  • Ireland is represented in Armenia through its embassy in Sofia (Bulgaria) and through an honorary consulate in Yerevan.[159]
  • Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe.
  Azerbaijan 1 July 1996[160]
  Bahrain 18 May 1974[162]
  Bangladesh
  Bhutan N/A Ireland does not maintain diplomatic relations with Bhutan.
  Brunei Darussalam
  • Ireland is represented in Brunei Darussalam through its embassy in Hanoi (Vietnam).
  • Brunei Darussalam is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London (United Kingdom).
  Cambodia 30 October 1999[163]
  • Ireland is represented in Cambodia through its embassy in Singapore.
  • Cambodia is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London (United Kingdom).
  China 22 June 1979[164] See above and China–Ireland relations
  Georgia 12 September 1996[167]
  • Ireland is represented in Georgia through its embassy in Kyiv (Ukraine).
  • Georgia has an embassy in Dublin.

Ireland supports EU initiatives to promote peace between Georgia and Russia. Ireland recognises Georgian sovereignty over the separatist regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Ireland condemned the decision of Russia to recognise South Ossetia and Abkhazia as independent states.[168] The separatist Parliament of Abkhazia expressly called on Ireland to recognise Abkhaz independence, drawing parallels between Ireland's own historic struggle for independence and international recognition with its own, the Abkhaz Parliament's statement recalling that:[169]

"Just like Ireland, Abkhazia has finally acquired long-awaited independence and recognition at the cost of enormous efforts...[Ireland] was de facto independent for a long time, but remained unrecognised. Ireland was the only unrecognised country in Europe until the world's largest country recognised a free parliament of Ireland. And that country was Russia".

The parallel the Abkhaz Parliament referred to stems from the fact that the breakaway and largely unrecognised Irish Republic (1919–22), enjoyed some form of recognition from the RSFSR.[citation needed]

  India 1947[170] See India–Ireland relations
  Indonesia 4 September 1984[171]
  Iran 17 February 1976[172]
  Iraq 1979[179]
  Israel January 1975[180] See Ireland–Israel relations

In 2010, the Israel Defense Forces forcibly boarded an Irish aid ship destined for the Gaza Strip which resulted in worsened relations, Israel's Mossad was also involved in the counterfeiting of five Irish passports used in an assassination, and 2 members of the Israeli ambassador's security staff in Dublin were subsequently deported.[183] In 2010, there were numerous protests at the Israeli embassy in Ireland over the treatment of Palestinians.[184]

  Japan 5 March 1957[185] See Ireland–Japan relations
  Jordan 15 May 1984[188]
  Kazakhstan 10 April 1992[190]
  Kuwait October 1975[21]
  Kyrgyzstan 23 June 2000[191]
  • Ireland is represented in Kyrgyzstan through its embassy in Moscow (Russia).
  Laos 7 August 1998[192]
  Lebanon January 1975[21]
  • Ireland is represented in Lebanon through its embassy in Cairo (Egypt) and an honorary consulate in Beirut.
  • Lebanon is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London (United Kingdom).

From 1978 to 2001, a battalion of 580 Irish troops was deployed in Lebanon, rotating every 6 months, as part of the United Nations led force UNIFIL. In all, 30,000 Irish soldiers served in Lebanon over the 23 years. Over the course of this mission 48 Irish soldiers died in Lebanon.[193]

  Malaysia 1974[194]
  Maldives 7 December 1999[195]
  Mongolia 22 December 1998[197]
  Myanmar 10 February 2004[198]
  Nepal 19 August 1999[199]
  North Korea 10 December 2003[201]
  Oman July 1987[203]
  Pakistan See Ireland–Pakistan relations
  • Ireland is represented in Pakistan through its embassy in Riyadh (Saudi Arabia) and an consulate general in Karachi.
  • Pakistan has an embassy in Dublin.
  • There are 6,847 Pakistanis living in Ireland.[85]
  • Pakistan received over €1.5 million in aid from Ireland in 2011.[38]
  Palestine 2000[204] See Ireland-Palestine relations
  Philippines 1984[208] See Ireland–Philippines relations
  • Diplomatic relations officially began in 1984 and have become more intense over the years as increasing numbers of Filipinos have migrated to Ireland.
  • Ireland has an embassy in Manila.
  • The Philippines are represented in Ireland through its embassy in London (United Kingdom) and an honorary consulate in Dublin.
  • There are 12,791 Filipinos living in Ireland.[85]
  Qatar September 1974[209]
  Saudi Arabia September 1974[210]
  Singapore 2 December 1974[211]
  • Ireland is represented in Singapore through its embassy in Singapore.
  • Singapore is represented in Ireland through its honorary consulate in Dublin.
  South Korea 4 October 1983[212] The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea and Ireland started on 4 October 1983.[213]
  Sri Lanka 1996[216]
  • Ireland is represented in Sri Lanka through its embassy in New Delhi (India) and an honorary consulate in Colombo.
  • Sri Lanka is represented in Ireland through an honorary consulate in Dublin.
  Syria
  Taiwan N/A Ireland does not maintain diplomatic relations with Taiwan.
  Tajikistan 18 July 2000[217]
  • Ireland is represented in Tajikistan through its embassy in Moscow (Russia).
  Thailand 27 January 1975[218]
  Timor Leste 31 January 2003[219]
  • Ireland is represented in Timor Leste through its embassy in Singapore (Singapore).
  • Timor Leste has an honorary consulate in Dublin.
  • Timor Leste received €3.4 million in aid from Ireland in 2011.[38]
  • Since 2003 Timor Leste is one of 9 priority countries receiving Irish Aid assistance.[220]
  Turkey 1972[221] See Ireland–Turkey relations
  Turkmenistan 16 October 2007[223]
  • Ireland is represented in Turkmenistan through its embassy in Moscow (Russia).
  United Arab Emirates 1974[224]
  Uzbekistan 7 November 1997[226]
  • Ireland is represented in Uzbekistan through its embassy in Moscow (Russia).
  • Uzbekistan is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London (United Kingdom).
  Vietnam 5 April 1996[227]
  • Ireland has an embassy in Hanoi.[228]
  • Vietnam is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London (United Kingdom) and an honorary consulate in Dublin.[229]
  • Vietnamese prime Minister, Nguyen Tan Dung, visited Ireland in 2008.
  • Tánaiste Brian Cowen visited Vietnam in 2008.
  • Vietnam received over €12 million in aid from Ireland in 2011.[38]
  • Vietnamese Ministry of Foreign Affairs about the relation with Ireland
  Yemen 25 July 2000[230]

Europe

Ireland is consistently the most pro-European of EU member states, with 88% of the population approving of EU membership according to a poll in 2022.[1] Ireland was a founding member of the euro single currency. In May 2004, Ireland was one of only three countries to open its borders to workers from the 10 new member states. EU issues important to Ireland include the Common Agricultural Policy, corporation tax harmonisation and the EU Constitution. The Irish electorate declined to ratify the Treaty of Lisbon in 2008. A second referendum in October 2009 passed the bill, allowing the treaty to be ratified. Before it was ratified Ireland required legal guarantees on issues such as the right of Ireland to remain militarily neutral (and not engage in any kind of "European army"), the right of the state to maintain its low levels of corporation tax and that the treaty would not change the Eighth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland making abortion illegal (since deleted). Ireland has held the Presidency of the Council of the European Union on seven occasions (in 1975, 1979, 1984, 1990, 1996, 2004 and 2013).

Country Formal relations began Notes
  Albania January 1995[231]
  Andorra 18 January 1995[234]
  • Although Ireland is accredited to Andorra from its embassy in Madrid, (Spain) all consular queries are with regard to Andorra are dealt with through Ireland's consulate-general in Barcelona.[235]
  • Andorra does not have an accreditation to Ireland.[236]
  • Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe.
  Austria 1951[citation needed]
  Belarus 27 March 1992[240]
  Belgium
  Bosnia and Herzegovina 27 September 1995[245]
  Bulgaria 11 January 1990[246]
  Croatia 27 January 1995[249] See Croatia–Ireland relations
  Cyprus 1985[250] See Cyprus-Ireland relations
  Czech Republic 1 January 1993[253]
  Denmark January 1962[256] See Denmark–Ireland relations
  Estonia 10 September 1991[257]
  Finland 2 November 1961[258]
  France 1929[261] See France–Ireland relations
  Germany 27 October 1929[264] See Germany–Ireland relations
  Greece 22 January 1975[267] See Greece–Ireland relations
  Guernsey
  • Ireland has signed several tax treaties with the Guernsey.[270] The treaties provide a mechanism for inter-governmental sharing of information about offshore assets, and avoidance of dual-taxation.[271]
  Holy See 27 November 1929[272] See Holy See–Ireland relations
  • Ireland has an embassy in Rome to the Holy See.
  • The Holy See has an apostolic nunciature in Dublin.
  • In November 2011 Ireland closed its embassy in the Vatican over the Irish Church's handling of sex abuse cases and accusations that the Vatican had encouraged secrecy and obstructed investigations into these matters.[273] The embassy was reopened in January 2014, a sign of thawing relations between the two jurisdictions.[274]
  • The majority of Irish people are Roman Catholic.
  Hungary 1 October 1976[275]
  Iceland 3 July 1951[278] See Iceland–Ireland relations
  Italy 1922
  Jersey
  • Ireland has signed several tax treaties with Jersey.[270] The treaties provide a mechanism for inter-governmental sharing of information about offshore assets, and avoidance of dual-taxation.[271]
  Kosovo 11 November 2008[283] See Ireland–Kosovo relations
  Latvia 9 October 1991[287]
  Liechtenstein 1992
  Lithuania 2 September 1991[290]
  Luxembourg 20 December 1961[292]
  Malta 13 June 1990[294]
  Isle of Man See Ireland-Isle of Man relations
  • Ireland has signed several tax agreements with the Isle of Man.[297] The agreements provide a mechanism for inter-governmental sharing of information about offshore assets, and avoidance of dual-taxation.
  • Ireland and the Isle of Man have collaborated on preparing reports and jointly opposing the Sellafield nuclear plant to the UK government.[298]
  Moldova 13 July 1999[299]
  Monaco 14 December 2006[301]
  • Although Ireland has an honorary consulate in Monaco, Ireland is represented through its embassy in Paris (France).
  • Monaco has an honorary consulate in Dublin.
  Montenegro 20 June 2006[302]
  • Ireland is represented in Montenegro through its embassy in Budapest (Hungary).
  • Montenegro declared its independence from Serbia on 3 June 2006 and Ireland recognised it on 20 June 2006.
  • Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe.
  Netherlands 1945[303]
  North Macedonia 13 December 1994[305]
  Norway 17 February 1950[306]
  Poland 30 September 1976[309] See Ireland–Poland relations
  Portugal 1942[312]
  Romania 18 April 1990[314]
  Russia 29 September 1973[317] See Ireland–Russia relations
  • Ireland has an embassy in Moscow. and an honorary consulate in St. Petersburg.[318]
  • Russia has an embassy Dublin and two honorary consulates (Limerick and Thurles, Co. Tipperary).[319]
  • There are 3,896 Russians living in Ireland.[65]
  • The Russian SFSR drafted a treaty which would have made it the first country to recognise the independence of Ireland in 1920, however, the Russian SFSR failed to ratify it.[320][321]
  • Cooperation between both countries has been more active since the end of the Cold War. Many bilateral treaties exist between both nations in various fields (taxation, investment protection, cultural and scientific, aviation, etc.).
  San Marino 13 January 1995[322]
  • Ireland is represented in San Marino through its embassy in Rome (Italy).
  • San Marino has an honorary consulate in Limerick.
  Serbia 1977[323]
  Slovakia 1 January 1993[324]

In 2010 Slovak airport security planted actual explosives in the luggage of unsuspecting passengers as part of a security exercise. As result of additional mistakes, the explosives were flown to Dublin, Ireland causing international controversy.[326] Prime Minister Fico refused to dismiss the interior minister after the incident.

  Slovenia 25 January 1996[327]
  Spain 3 September 1935[330] See Ireland–Spain relations
  Sweden
  Switzerland 1939[334]
  • Ireland has an embassy in Bern and an honorary consulate in Zurich.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Dublin.
  • As of 2010 there are 1,449 Swiss people living in Ireland.[335]
  • Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe.
  Ukraine 1 April 1992[336]
  United Kingdom See above and Ireland–United Kingdom relations

Oceania

  No formal diplomatic relations
Country Formal relations began Notes
  Australia 1945[340] See Australia–Ireland relations
  • Ireland has an embassy in Canberra, a consulate general in Sydney and an honorary consulate in Perth.
  • Australia has an embassy in Dublin.[341]
  • There are 2,849 Australians living in Ireland.[65]
  • About 20% of the Australian population have Irish ancestry, which often predates Irish Independence in 1922.
  • Australia Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Ireland
  Federated States of Micronesia 27 October 2004[342]
  Fiji 19 February 2002[344]
  Kiribati September 2000[346]
  Marshall Islands 8 January 2021[348]
  Nauru 21 March 2000[349]
  New Zealand 1965[351] See Ireland–New Zealand relations
  • From 2018 Ireland will establish an embassy in New Zealand confirmed by the President of Ireland in October 2017 during his State visit to New Zealand. Respectively, New Zealand's Prime Minister announced they would also open an embassy in Dublin in the same year. Previously, New Zealand had been represented in Ireland via its High Commission in London,[352] and Ireland in New Zealand via its Australian embassy in Canberra.[353]
  • Ireland has an embassy in Wellington.
  • New Zealand has an embassy in Dublin.
  • There are 1,394 New Zealanders living in Ireland.[65]
  • Around one in every six New Zealanders claims Irish descent.[354]
  • Both countries are full members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
  • There is a community of people of Irish descent living in New Zealand.
  • New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Ireland 5 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  Palau 14 July 2000[355]
  Papua New Guinea 26 October 2020[357]
  • Ireland is represented in Papua New Guinea through its embassy in Canberra (Australia).
  Samoa 26 June 2000[358]
  Solomon Islands 4 December 2009[359]
  • Ireland is represented in the Solomon Islands through its embassy in Canberra (Australia).
  Tonga 27 July 2021 Ireland and Tonga established diplomatic relations on 27 July 2021.[360]
  Tuvalu September 2000[346]
  Vanuatu

United Nations

The United Nations was founded in 1945, but Ireland's membership was blocked by the Soviet Union until 1955,[363] "partly because of Dublin's neutrality" during the Second World War.[364] Since 2017, the Irish ambassador to the UN Office at Geneva has been Michael Gaffey.[365] Ireland has been elected to the UN Security Council as a non-permanent member on three occasions — in 1962, in 1981–1982, in 2001–2002 and most recently in 2021–2022.[366]

Ireland is a member state of the International Criminal Court, having signed the Rome Statute in 1998 and ratified it in 2002.[367]

Irish Aid, the Government of Ireland's programme of assistance to developing countries financed the redesign of the UNV Online Volunteering service website in 2008 and supported its operations from 2007 to 2010, which led to a significant growth in the number of online volunteers and the tasks they completed.[368]

In 2017, Ireland signed the UN treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons.[369]

Peacekeeping missions

Ireland has a long history of participation in UN peacekeeping efforts starting in 1958, just three years after joining the UN. As of August 2018, 90 members of the Irish Defence Forces had been killed on peacekeeping missions.[370]

List of major peacekeeping operations:[371]

As well as these missions, Irish personnel have served as observers in Central America, Russia, Cambodia, Afghanistan, Namibia, Western Sahara, Kuwait and South Africa.[372]

Ireland and the Commonwealth of Nations

Ireland was a member state of the British Commonwealth from 1922 until 1949, initially as a Dominion called the Irish Free State from 1922 until 1937, when Ireland adopted a new constitution and changed the name of the state to "Ireland". Although the king was removed from the Constitution in 1936, a republic was only formally declared from 18 April 1949. Under the rules for membership at the time, a republic could not be a member state of the Commonwealth. This was changed a week later with the adoption of the London Declaration.

Since 1998, some people in Ireland have advocated joining the Commonwealth of Nations, most notably Éamon Ó Cuív, Frank Feighan, and Mary Kenny.[373][374]

International organisations

Ireland is a member of or otherwise participates in the following international organisations:[375]

Foreign aid

Main article: Irish Aid

Ireland's aid program was founded in 1974, and in 2017 its budget amounted to €651 million.[376] The government had previously set a target of reaching the Millennium Development Goal of 0.7% of Gross National Product in aid by 2012, which was not met as aid was reduced as a result of the Irish financial crisis.[377] Irish development aid is concentrated on eight priority countries: Lesotho, Mozambique, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Zambia, Uganda, Vietnam and East Timor.[378] In 2006, Malawi was announced as the ninth priority country, with a tenth country to follow.[379]

Human rights

There have been no serious civil, human or social rights abuses/problems in the State, according to Amnesty International and the U.S. State Department.[380][381] The country consistently comes among the top nations in terms of freedom and rights ratings.

Index Ranking (Most Recent) Result
Freedom in the World – Political Rights 1st (Joint) 1 ("Free")
Freedom in the World – Civil Liberties 1st (Joint) 1 ("Free")
Index of Economic Freedom 9th 76.9 ("Mostly Free")
Worldwide Press Freedom Index Ranking 15th −4.00 ("Free")
Global Peace Index 6th (Joint) 1.33 ("More Peaceful")
Democracy Index 12th 8.79 ("Full Democracy")
International Property Rights Index 13th (Joint) 7.9
Corruption Perceptions Index 16th (Joint) 7.7
Fragile States Index 170th (7th from the bottom) 26.5 ("Sustainable")

See also

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January 07, 2023
foreign, relations, ireland, foreign, relations, ireland, substantially, influenced, membership, european, union, although, bilateral, relations, with, united, states, united, kingdom, also, important, state, group, smaller, nations, traditionally, followed, a. The foreign relations of Ireland are substantially influenced by its membership of the European Union although bilateral relations with the United States and United Kingdom are also important to the state It is one of the group of smaller nations in the EU and has traditionally followed a non aligned foreign policy Ireland has historically tended towards independence in foreign military policy thus it is not a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation and has a longstanding policy of military neutrality According to the Irish Defence Forces the neutrality policy has helped them to be successful in their contributions to United Nations peace keeping missions since 1960 in the Congo Crisis and subsequently in Cyprus Lebanon and Bosnia and Herzegovina 1 Contents 1 Main relationships 1 1 United Kingdom 1 2 United States 1 3 China 2 Africa 3 Americas 4 Asia 5 Europe 6 Oceania 7 United Nations 7 1 Peacekeeping missions 8 Ireland and the Commonwealth of Nations 9 International organisations 10 Foreign aid 11 Human rights 12 See also 13 References 14 External linksMain relationships EditUnited Kingdom Edit Embassy of Ireland in London Main article Ireland United Kingdom relations Since at least the 1100s Ireland as a result of military conquest has had political connections with the United Kingdom and its predecessor states with the whole island becoming a part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 1801 to 1922 From the time of Ireland became independent from the United Kingdom in 1922 the two countries have been involved in a dispute over the status of Northern Ireland Articles 2 and 3 of the Constitution of Ireland formerly claimed Northern Ireland as a part of the national territory though in practice the Irish government did recognise the UK s jurisdiction over the region From the onset of the Troubles in 1969 the two governments sought to bring the violence to an end The Sunningdale Agreement of 1973 and the Anglo Irish Agreement of 1985 were important steps in this process In 1998 both states signed the Good Friday Agreement and now co operate closely to find a solution to the region s problems Articles 2 and 3 of the Constitution of Ireland were amended as part of this agreement the territorial claim being replaced with a statement of aspiration to unite the people of the island of Ireland As part of the Good Friday Agreement the states also ended their dispute over their respective names Ireland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Each agreed to accept and use the others correct name When the Troubles were raging in Northern Ireland the Irish Government sought with mixed success to prevent the import of weapons and ammunition through its territory by illegal paramilitary organisations for use in their conflict with the security forces in Northern Ireland In 1973 three ships of the Irish Naval Service intercepted a ship carrying weapons from Libya which were probably destined for Irish Republican paramilitaries 2 Law enforcement acts such as these additionally improved relations with the government of the United Kingdom However the independent judiciary blocked a number of attempts to extradite suspects between 1970 and 1998 on the basis that their crime might have been political and thus contrary to international law at the time Ireland is one of the parties to the Rockall continental shelf dispute that also involves Denmark Iceland and the United Kingdom Ireland and the United Kingdom have signed a boundary agreement in the Rockall area However neither have concluded similar agreements with Iceland or Denmark on behalf of the Faroe Islands and the matter remains under negotiation Iceland now claims 3 a substantial area of the continental shelf to the west of Ireland to a point 49 48 N 19 00 W which is further south than Ireland The controversial Sellafield nuclear fuel reprocessing plant in north western England has also been a contentious issue between the two governments The Irish government has sought the closure of the plant taking a case against the UK government under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea However the European Court of Justice found that the case should have been dealt with under EU law 4 In 2006 however both countries came to a friendly agreement which enabled both the Radiological Protection Institute of Ireland and the Garda Siochana Irish Police Force access to the site to conduct investigations 5 United States Edit Embassy of Ireland to the US in Washington D C Main article Ireland United States relations See also United States Ambassador to Ireland Embassy of the United States in Dublin and United States Ambassador s Official Residence in Dublin The United States recognised the Irish Free State on 28 June 1924 with diplomatic relations being established on 7 October 1924 In 1927 the United States opened an American Legation in Dublin 6 Due to the ancestral ties between the two countries Ireland and the US have a strong relationship both politically and economically with the US being Ireland s biggest trading partner since 2000 7 Ireland also receives more foreign direct investment from the US than many larger nations with investments in Ireland equal to France and Germany combined and in 2012 more than all of developing Asia put together 8 The use of Shannon Airport as a stop over point for US forces en route to Iraq has caused domestic controversy in Ireland Opponents of this policy brought an unsuccessful High Court case against the government in 2003 arguing that this use of Irish airspace violated Irish neutrality 9 Restrictions such as carrying no arms ammunition or explosives and that the flights in question did not form part of military exercises or operations were put in place to defend Irish neutrality however allegations have been made against the Central Intelligence Agency that the airport has been used between 30 and 50 times for illegal extraordinary rendition flights to the U S without the knowledge of the Irish Government despite diplomatic assurances by the US that Irish airspace would not be used for transport of detainees 10 11 In July 2006 the former Irish Minister for Foreign Affairs Dermot Ahern voiced concern over the 2006 Lebanon War 12 A shipment of bombs being sent to Israel by the United States was banned using Irish airspace or airfields 13 In 1995 a decision was made by the U S government to appoint a Special Envoy to Northern Ireland to help with the Northern Ireland peace process During the 2008 presidential campaign in the United States however Democratic Party candidate Barack Obama was reported as having questioned the necessity to keep a US Special Envoy for Northern Ireland His remarks caused uproar within the Republican Party with Senator John McCain questioning his leadership abilities and his commitment to the ongoing peace process in Northern Ireland 14 As of 2022 update Daniel Mulhall is the Irish ambassador to the United States while the position of U S ambassador to Ireland is held by Claire D Cronin Countries with which Ireland has diplomatic relations China Edit Embassy of Ireland in Beijing See also China Ireland relations Ireland s official relationship with the People s Republic of China began on 22 June 1979 15 Following his visit to China in 1999 former Taoiseach Bertie Ahern authorised the establishment of an Asia Strategy 16 The aim of this Strategy was to ensure that the Irish Government and Irish enterprise work coherently to enhance the important relationships between Ireland and Asia 16 In recent years due to the rapid expansion of the Chinese economy China is becoming a key trade partner of Ireland with over 6bn worth of bilateral trade between the two countries in 2010 In July 2013 the Tanaiste and Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade were invited to China by the Chinese foreign minister Wang Yi on a trade mission to boost both investment and political ties between the two countries 17 Ireland has raised its concerns in the area of human rights with China on a number of occasions On 12 May 2007 during a visit to Beijing former Taoiseach Brian Cowen then Minister for Finance discussed human rights issues with Chinese Foreign Minister Li Zhaoxing 18 Former Tanaiste Mary Coughlan also raised human rights issues and concerns with visiting Chinese Vice Premier Zeng Peiyan 18 Ireland also participates in the EU China Human Rights Dialogue Concerning the Taiwan issue Ireland follows a One China policy and emphasizes to the Taiwan issue being best settled through dialogue between the parties concerned Ireland does not maintain official diplomatic ties with Taiwan although there is a Taipei Representative Office that has a representative function in relation to economic and cultural promotion In July 2019 the UN ambassadors from 22 nations including Ireland signed a joint letter to the UNHRC condemning China s mistreatment of the Uyghurs as well as its mistreatment of other minority groups urging the Chinese government to close the Xinjiang re education camps 19 20 Africa Edit No formal diplomatic relations Country Formal relations began Notes Algeria January 1975 21 Ireland is represented in Algeria through its embassy in Bern Switzerland Algeria has an embassy in Dublin There are 1 047 Algerians living in Ireland 22 Angola 24 January 2001 23 Ireland is represented in Angola through its embassy in Maputo Mozambique Angola is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom Between 2006 and 2010 Angola received almost 7 6 million from the government of Ireland through Irish Aid 24 Benin Ireland and Benin maintain diplomatic relations 25 Botswana Ireland is represented in Botswana through its embassy in Maputo Mozambique and an honorary consulate in Gaborone Botswana is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom and an honorary consulate in Virginia Co Cavan 26 Burkina Faso 1 May 2007 27 Although diplomatic relations with Burkina Faso are maintained through Ireland s Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York United States Ireland is represented in Burkina Faso consularly through its embassy in Abuja Nigeria 28 Burundi 2004 29 Ireland is represented in Burundi through its embassy in Dar es Salaam Tanzania Ireland has given Burundi 6 35m in development aid since 2007 Irish Aid also disbursed over 3 million to Burundi since 2007 mainly through partners such as the World Food Programme and UNICEF 30 Cameroon 23 April 2007 31 Ireland is represented in Cameroon through its embassy in Abuja Nigeria Cameroon is represented in Ireland through an honorary consulate in Dublin Cape Verde 19 March 2021 32 33 Central African Republic 26 June 2018 Ireland and the Central African Republic established diplomatic relations on 26 June 2018 34 Chad 30 June 2000 35 Ireland is represented in Chad through its embassy in Abuja Nigeria Ireland sent 450 troops to Chad in 2007 as part of the EU led peacekeeping mission European Union Force Chad CAR This was the second highest number after France An Irish Defence Forces general Lieutenant General Pat Nash was the commanding officer of the mission 36 Comoros 2017 37 Comoros and Ireland established diplomatic relations in 2017 37 Democratic Republic of Congo 2000 37 Ireland is represented in the Democratic Republic of Congo through its embassy in Pretoria South Africa Democratic Republic of Congo received 7 4 million in aid from Ireland in 2011 38 There are 1 770 citizens from between both the Republic of the Congo and Democratic Republic of Congo living in Ireland The exact number from each is uncertain due to the fact Congo with no distinction was used solely in census reports 22 Republic of the Congo Ireland is represented in the Republic of Congo through its permanent mission to the United Nations in New York United States There are 1 770 citizens from between both the Republic of the Congo and Democratic Republic of Congo living in Ireland The exact number from each is uncertain due to the fact Congo with no distinction was used solely in census reports 22 Djibouti 6 July 2001 39 Although diplomatic relations with Djibouti are maintained through Ireland s Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York United States Ireland is represented in Djibouti consularly through its embassy in Addis Ababa Ethiopia 40 Egypt December 1974 21 Ireland has an embassy in Cairo and an honorary consulate in Alexandria 41 Egypt has an embassy in Dublin the first embassy of an Arab country in Ireland 42 There are 1 055 Egyptians living in Ireland 22 Equatorial Guinea N A Ireland does not maintain diplomatic relations with Equatorial Guinea Eritrea 2002 43 Ireland is represented in Eritrea through its embassy in Dar es Salaam Tanzania Eritrea is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom Eswatini 2019 Ireland and Eswatini established diplomatic relations in 2019 44 Ethiopia 1994 45 See Ethiopia Ireland relations Ireland has an embassy in Addis Ababa Ethiopia closed its embassy in Dublin in 2021 In 2011 Ethiopia received 36 4 million in aid from Ireland 38 In November 2014 the President of Ireland Michael D Higgins visited Ethiopia on a state visit to celebrate 20 years of diplomatic relations between the two countries During this visit a bilateral transport agreement was signed which paved the way for Ethiopian Airlines to commence direct flights to Dublin from Addis Ababa the first between Ireland and Sub Saharan Africa 46 Gabon Gabon is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom Ireland is represented in Gabon through its embassy in Abuja Nigeria The Gambia 29 May 2001 47 Although diplomatic relations with the Gambia are maintained through Ireland s Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York United States Ireland is represented in the Gambia consularly through its embassy in Abuja Nigeria 48 The Gambia is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom Ghana 1990 49 Ireland is represented in Ghana through its embassy in Abuja Nigeria Ireland also maintains a visa applications centre in Accra Ghana is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom There are 1 158 Ghanaians living in Ireland 22 Guinea Ireland is represented in Guinea through its embassy in Abuja Nigeria Guinea is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom Guinea Bissau Although diplomatic relations with Guinea Bissau are maintained through Ireland s Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York United States Ireland is represented in Guinea Bissau consularly through its embassy in Abuja Nigeria 50 Ivory Coast 3 May 2000 51 Although diplomatic relations with the Ivory Coast are maintained through Ireland s Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York United States Ireland is represented in the Ivory Coast consularly through its embassy in Abuja Nigeria 52 Ivory Coast is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom Kenya Ireland has an embassy in Nairobi Kenya has an embassy in Dublin Kenya received 9 3 million in aid from Ireland in 2011 38 There are approximately 2 000 Irish citizens living in Kenya 53 Lesotho Ireland is represented in Lesotho through its embassy in Pretoria South Africa after closing its embassy in Maseru in 2014 Lesotho has an embassy in Dublin In June 2006 the President of Ireland Mary McAleese made a state visit to the country 54 Lesotho received 11 3 million in aid from Ireland in 2011 38 Liberia 2004 55 Ireland has an embassy in Monrovia Liberia is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom Liberia received 7 5 million in aid from Ireland in 2011 38 Between 2003 and 2007 as part of the United Nations Mission in Liberia Ireland deployed a quick reaction force of 430 troops to assist with peacekeeping 56 Libya 1977 57 Ireland is represented in Libya through its embassy in Rome Italy Libya is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom Under Muammar Gaddafi the prime governor of Libya from 1969 to 2011 relations between both countries were strained due to Gaddaffi s support of the Irish Republican Army Gaddafi was sympathetic to their cause and also wanted revenge for the US Air Force s bombing attacks on Tripoli and Benghazi in 1986 Between 1984 and 1987 Libya sent the IRA about 1 000 AK47 assault rifles and six tonnes of Semtex explosive alongside other weapons This shipment ensured The Troubles could continue for many more years mainly until the Good Friday Agreement of 1998 ended the conflict 58 Madagascar Ireland and Madagascar maintain diplomatic relations 59 Malawi 2002 Ireland has an embassy in Lilongwe and an honorary consulate in Blantyre 60 Malawi has an honorary consulate in Dublin Malawi received 17 5 million in aid from Ireland in 2011 38 In 2014 the President of Ireland Michael D Higgins made a state visit to Malawi 61 Mali Ireland maintains diplomatic relations with Mali 62 Mauritania 1 December 2022 Ireland and Mauritania established diplomatic relations on 1 December 2022 63 Mauritius August 2000 64 Ireland is represented in Mauritius through its embassy in Pretoria South Africa Mauritius is represented in Ireland through its high commission in London United Kingdom There are 2 844 citizens of Mauritius living in Ireland 65 Following the murder of Irish tourist Michaela McAreavey on the island in January 2011 several Irish businesses proposed a boycott of the island due to the questionable trial in which all 3 suspects were acquitted 66 Another source of discontent was the investigation by the Mauritian authorities The Major Crime Investigation Team MCIT who were in charge admitted they failed to interview fellow guests at the hotel who were staying close to the room in which the murder occurred They also failed to preserve the crime scene and did not provide any solid DNA evidence against the accused 67 As a result the Irish ambassador to Mauritius conveyed in person to the Prime Minister of Mauritius Navin Ramgoolam a formal government to government protest over what happened 68 69 Morocco 19 March 1975 70 Ireland has an embassy in Rabat 71 Morocco has an embassy in Dublin In November 2012 Morocco recalled its ambassador to Ireland temporarily due to the fact the leader of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Mohamed Abdelaziz met with top Irish officials including the President of Ireland Michael D Higgins and the Minister for Foreign Affairs Eamon Gilmore The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic claims sovereignty over Western Sahara a disputed territory that Morocco also claims to own 72 Mozambique 13 June 1996 73 Ireland has an embassy in Maputo 74 Mozambique is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom Mozambique received 42 2 million in aid from Ireland in 2011 38 Namibia 1994 75 Ireland is represented in Namibia through its embassy in Pretoria South Africa Namibia is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom Following Namibia s Independence from South Africa in 1990 Ireland sent 50 Garda officers as well as 20 military observers to the country as part of the United Nations Transition Assistance Group This group as sent to monitor the peace process and elections taking place there at the time 76 Niger Although diplomatic relations with Niger are maintained through Ireland s Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York United States Ireland is represented in Niger consularly through its embassy in Abuja Nigeria 77 Nigeria Ireland is represented in Nigeria through its embassy in Abuja Ireland s first on the African continent and an honorary consulate in Lagos Nigeria is represented in Ireland through its embassy in Dublin There are 17 642 Nigerians living in Ireland 65 See Also Nigerians in Ireland Rwanda Ireland is represented in Rwanda through its embassy in Kampala Uganda Rwanda is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom and an honorary consulate in Dublin Sao Tome and Principe N A Ireland does not maintain diplomatic relations with Sao Tome and Principe Senegal Ireland is represented in Senegal through its embassy in Abuja Nigeria Senegal is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom Seychelles 9 October 1999 78 Although diplomatic relations with the Seychelles are maintained through Ireland s Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York United States Ireland is represented in the Seychelles consularly through its embassy in Dar es Salaam Tanzania 79 The Seychelles have an honorary consulate in Dublin Sierra Leone 19 January 2000 80 Ireland has an embassy in Freetown since 2014 Sierra Leone is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom and an honorary consulate in Muine Bheag in Co Carlow Sierra Leone received 9 1 million in aid from Ireland in 2011 38 Between 2005 and 2014 Ireland provided over 88 million in assistance to projects in Sierra Leone 81 Somalia Ireland maintains diplomatic relations with the Federal Government of Somalia through its embassy in Nairobi Kenya In 1993 as part of the United Nations led Operation in Somalia II peace enforcing mission 100 Irish troops forming a transport company were deployed to Somalia 82 There are 1 047 Somalis living in Ireland 22 South Africa 1993 83 Ireland opened an embassy in Pretoria in 1994 Ireland also has an honorary consulate in Cape Town 84 The South African Embassy in Dublin was opened in 1995 There are 4 872 South Africans living in Ireland 85 Ireland gave just over 6 1 million in aid to South Africa in 2011 38 South African Department of Foreign Affairs about relations with IrelandA principled stand against apartheid by Ireland came to prevent the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries As a result Ireland was the only EU country that did not have full diplomatic relations with South Africa until 1993 when an exchange of ambassadors was agreed with the De Klerk administration in anticipation of the ending of apartheid South Sudan 4 May 2012 86 First Irish ambassador presented their credentials to the South Sudanese government in May 2012 86 Sudan 28 March 1984 87 Ireland is represented in Sudan through its embassy in Cairo Egypt and an honorary consulate in Khartoum 74 Sudan has an embassy in Dublin Sudan received 9 6 million in aid from Ireland in 2011 38 There are 1 470 Sudanese living in Ireland 22 Tanzania 1979 88 Ireland has an embassy in Dar es Salaam 89 Tanzania is represented in Ireland through its high commission in London United Kingdom Tanzania received 35 4 million in aid from Ireland in 2011 38 Togo 27 June 2018 Ireland and Togo established diplomatic relations on 27 June 2018 90 Tunisia January 1975 21 Ireland is represented in Tunisia through its embassy in Madrid Spain and an honorary consulate in Tunis Tunisia is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom and an honorary consulate in Dublin Uganda 1994 Ireland has an embassy in Kampala Uganda is represented in Ireland through its high commission in London United Kingdom and an honorary consulate in Dublin In 2011 Uganda received 42 7 million from Ireland through a variety of aid programmes 38 Irish people are one of the few citizens that do not need a visa to travel to Uganda 91 It was found in November 2012 that 4 million worth of Irish foreign aid was misappropriated by senior officials of the country Instead of going towards aiding the development of the country this money was redirected into the personal account of the prime minister of Uganda The Irish government then halted all aid payments towards Uganda until the money was recouped which eventually occurred in January 2013 92 Zambia 1965 93 See Ireland Zambia relations Ireland has an embassy in Lusaka Zambia is represented in Ireland through its High Commission in London United Kingdom Zambia benefits greatly from Irish Aid programs in 2010 the country received 20 58 million in total from the country 38 Zimbabwe 1984 Ireland is represented in Zimbabwe through an honorary consulate in Harare 94 Zimbabwe is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom Zimbabwe received 7 6 million in aid from Ireland in 2011 38 There are 1 537 Zimbabweans living in Ireland 22 Americas Edit No formal diplomatic relations Country Formal relations began Notes Antigua and Barbuda 19 May 2000 95 Although diplomatic relations with Antigua and Barbuda are maintained through Ireland s Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York United States Ireland is represented in Antigua and Barbuda consularly through its embassy in Washington D C United States 96 Argentina 21 July 1947 97 See Argentina Ireland relations Ireland has an embassy in Buenos Aires Argentina has an embassy in Dublin In 2012 the Irish president Michael D Higgins became the third Irish President in succession to visit Argentina on a state visit In March 2008 a new visa programme between the two countries allowing young people from each country to work in the other for up to 9 months was announced 98 See Also Irish Argentine Bahamas 23 April 2007 99 Ireland is represented in The Bahamas through its embassy in Ottawa Canada and an honorary consulate in Nassau 100 The Bahamas are represented in Ireland through their High Commission in London United Kingdom Barbados 3 May 2001 101 Although diplomatic relations with Barbados are maintained through Ireland s Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York United States Ireland is represented in Barbados consularly through its embassy in Washington D C United States 102 Barbados is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom and an honorary consulate in Dublin Belize 21 July 2000 103 Although diplomatic relations with Belize are maintained through Ireland s Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York United States Ireland is represented in Belize consularly through its embassy in Mexico City Mexico 104 Belize is represented in Ireland through an honorary consulate in Dublin Bolivia 1999 105 Ireland is represented in Bolivia through its embassy in Buenos Aires Argentina and an honorary consulate in La Paz Bolivia Bolivia is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom In November 2015 the President of Bolivia Evo Morales made a state visit to Ireland a first such visit between the two countries 106 Brazil 19 September 1975 107 See Brazil Ireland relations Ireland has an embassy in Brasilia and an honorary consulate in Sao Paulo Brazil has an embassy in Dublin and an honorary consulate in Cork There are 8 704 Brazilians living in Ireland 65 Ireland is the fourth most popular country in the world for Brazilian students studying abroad 108 See also Irish Brazilian Canada 11 September 1939 109 See Canada Ireland relations Ireland has an embassy in Ottawa and consulates general in Toronto and Vancouver 110 Canada has an embassy in Dublin There are 2 384 Canadian citizens residing in Ireland 65 Canada and Ireland enjoy friendly relations the importance of these relations centres on the history of Irish migration to Canada Approximately 4 million Canadians have Irish ancestors or approximately 14 of Canada s population Chile See also Chile Ireland relations Chile has an embassy in Dublin 111 Ireland has an embassy in Santiago 112 A special visa program allowing young people from both countries to work in the other country for up to a year was announced in 2016 113 See also Irish Chilean Colombia 10 November 1999 114 See Colombia Ireland relations Ireland has an embassy in Bogota 115 Colombia has an embassy in Dublin 116 Colombia received over 1 million in aid from Ireland in 2011 38 Costa Rica 15 September 2000 117 Ireland is accredited to Costa Rica through its embassy in Mexico City Mexico and a consulate in San Jose 118 Costa Rica is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom In 2013 the President of Ireland Michael D Higgins made a state visit to Costa Rica 119 Cuba 27 October 1999 120 Ireland is accredited to Cuba from its embassy in Mexico City and a consulate in Havana Cuba has an embassy in Dublin A large number of Irish people migrated to Cuba in the 19th century The Irish Republican political party Sinn Fein is also known to have close political links to the Cuban government In 2015 Sinn Fein party leader Gerry Adams made an official visit to the country 121 Dominica 6 July 2001 122 Although diplomatic relations with Dominica are maintained through Ireland s Embassy in Havana Cuba Ireland is represented in Dominica consularly through its embassy in Washington D C United States Dominican Republic 6 July 2009 123 Ireland is represented in the Dominican Republic through its embassy in Washington D C The Dominican Republic is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom Ecuador 20 October 1999 124 Ireland is represented in Ecuador through its embassy in Santiago de Chile Chile and an honorary consulate in Quito Ecuador is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom and has an honorary consulate in Dublin El Salvador 13 July 2000 125 Ireland is accredited to El Salvador through its embassy in Mexico City Mexico 118 and has an honorary consulate in San Salvador El Salvador is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom In 2013 the President of Ireland Michael D Higgins made a state visit to El Salvador 126 El Salvador received over 1 million in aid from Ireland in 2011 38 Grenada Guatemala Ireland is accredited to Guatemala through its embassy in Mexico City Mexico and through its honorary consulate in Guatemala City Guatemala is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom Guyana 2 February 2000 127 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 February 2000 128 Ireland has an honorary consulate in Georgetown Guyana Guyana is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom Haiti 26 January 2012 129 Ireland is represented in Haiti through Ireland s embassy in Mexico City Mexico In 2014 Haiti received 2 1m from Ireland in development aid 130 Following the devastating 2010 Haiti earthquake Ireland donated 37 3m to the country in response through governmental bodies such as Irish Aid and through donations to NGO S from the public 131 Honduras 11 December 1999 132 Although diplomatic relations with Honduras are maintained through Ireland s Embassy in Madrid Spain Ireland is represented in Honduras consularly through its embassy in Mexico City Mexico 133 Honduras is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom Jamaica 7 December 1997 134 Ireland is represented in Jamaica through its embassy in Ottawa Canada Jamaica is represented in Ireland through an honorary consulate in Dublin See also Irish people in Jamaica Mexico 10 January 1974 135 See Ireland Mexico relations Ireland has an embassy in Mexico City and an honorary consulate in Cancun 136 Mexico has an embassy in Dublin and four honorary consulates Dublin Cork Limerick and Galway 137 Many Mexicans have Irish ancestors due to the Irish migration to Mexico In 2013 the President of Ireland Michael D Higgins visited Mexico on an official state visit 138 Nicaragua 9 September 2003 139 Ireland is accredited to Nicaragua through its embassy in Mexico City Mexico 118 Nicaragua is represented in Ireland through its embassy in Helsinki Finland and an honorary consulate in Dublin Panama 14 February 2001 140 Although diplomatic relations with Panama are maintained through Ireland embassy in Bogota Colombia Ireland is represented in Panama consularly through its embassy in Mexico City Mexico and through an honorary consulate in Panama City 141 Paraguay 15 January 2001 142 Ireland is represented in Paraguay through its embassy in Buenos Aires Argentina Paraguay is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom Peru 27 June 1999 143 Ireland is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Santiago Chile and maintains an honorary consulate in Lima Peru has an embassy in Dublin Saint Kitts amp Nevis Ireland does not maintain diplomatic relations with Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia 2000 144 Although diplomatic relations with Saint Lucia are maintained through Ireland s Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York United States Ireland is represented in Saint Lucia consularly through its embassy in Washington D C United States 145 Saint Vincent amp the Grenadines 10 December 2013 146 Ireland is represented in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines through its embassy in Washington D C United States Saint Vincent and the Grenadines are represented in Ireland through its High Commission in London United Kingdom 147 Suriname 19 November 2019 148 Ireland and Suriname maintain diplomatic relations 149 Trinidad and Tobago 13 December 2000 150 Ireland is represented in Trinidad amp Tobago through its embassy is in Havana Cuba and an honorary consulate in Port of Spain Trinidad Trinidad amp Tobago is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom United States 7 October 1924 151 See above and Ireland United States relations Ireland has an embassy in Washington D C and consulate generals in Atlanta Austin Boston Chicago New York and San Francisco and honorary consulates in Los Angeles Denver Orlando Honolulu New Orleans St Louis Las Vegas Charlotte Pittsburgh Houston and Seattle Ireland also maintains a permanent mission to the United Nations in New York 152 The United States is represented in Ireland through its embassy in Dublin There are 153 248 Irish citizens residing in the United States 153 There are 11 015 US citizens living in Ireland 22 39 6 million US citizens claim Irish heritage including 5 million who say they are of Scots Irish heritage Uruguay 19 January 1955 154 Approximately 120 000 Uruguayans have Irish ancestors Ireland is represented in Uruguay through its embassy in Buenos Aires Argentina Uruguay is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom See Also Irish Uruguayan Venezuela 26 September 1980 155 Ireland is accredited to Venezuela through its embassy in Bogota Colombia 118 Venezuela is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom Asia Edit No formal diplomatic relations Country Formal relations began Notes Afghanistan 19 September 2002 156 Ireland is represented in Afghanistan through its embassy in Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Ireland gave 6 5 million in aid to Afghanistan in 2011 38 Armenia 28 June 1996 157 Ireland recognised Armenia s independence in December 1991 Armenia is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom and an honorary consulate in Dublin 158 Ireland is represented in Armenia through its embassy in Sofia Bulgaria and through an honorary consulate in Yerevan 159 Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe Azerbaijan 1 July 1996 160 Ireland is represented in Azerbaijan through its embassy in Ankara Turkey Azerbaijan is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom 161 Bahrain 18 May 1974 162 Ireland is represented in Bahrain through its embassy in Riyadh Saudi Arabia and an honorary consulate in Manama Bahrain is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom Bangladesh Ireland is represented in Bangladesh through its embassy in New Delhi India Bangladesh is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom There are 2 319 Bangladeshis living in Ireland 22 Bhutan N A Ireland does not maintain diplomatic relations with Bhutan Brunei Darussalam Ireland is represented in Brunei Darussalam through its embassy in Hanoi Vietnam Brunei Darussalam is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom Cambodia 30 October 1999 163 Ireland is represented in Cambodia through its embassy in Singapore Cambodia is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom China 22 June 1979 164 See above and China Ireland relations Ireland has an embassy in Beijing a general consulate in Shanghai and an honorary consulate in Hong Kong 165 China has an embassy in Dublin 166 There are 10 896 Chinese people living in Ireland 85 Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Ireland Georgia 12 September 1996 167 Ireland is represented in Georgia through its embassy in Kyiv Ukraine Georgia has an embassy in Dublin Ireland supports EU initiatives to promote peace between Georgia and Russia Ireland recognises Georgian sovereignty over the separatist regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia Ireland condemned the decision of Russia to recognise South Ossetia and Abkhazia as independent states 168 The separatist Parliament of Abkhazia expressly called on Ireland to recognise Abkhaz independence drawing parallels between Ireland s own historic struggle for independence and international recognition with its own the Abkhaz Parliament s statement recalling that 169 Just like Ireland Abkhazia has finally acquired long awaited independence and recognition at the cost of enormous efforts Ireland was de facto independent for a long time but remained unrecognised Ireland was the only unrecognised country in Europe until the world s largest country recognised a free parliament of Ireland And that country was Russia The parallel the Abkhaz Parliament referred to stems from the fact that the breakaway and largely unrecognised Irish Republic 1919 22 enjoyed some form of recognition from the RSFSR citation needed India 1947 170 See India Ireland relations Ireland has an embassy in New Delhi and honorary consulates in Bangalore Chennai Kolkata and Mumbai India has an embassy in Dublin There are 16 986 Indians living in Ireland 85 Indonesia 4 September 1984 171 Ireland has an embassy in Jakarta Indonesia is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom and an honorary consulate in Dublin Iran 17 February 1976 172 Ireland is represented in Iran through its embassy in Ankara Turkey and an honorary consulate in Tehran The Irish embassy in Iran was closed in 2012 for cost reasons 173 however the Embassy is due to reopen before the end of 2023 174 175 176 177 Iran has an embassy in Dublin After the conclusion of the Iran Iraq War in 1988 Ireland sent 177 personnel to supervise the ceasefire as part of the United Nations led UNIIMOG 178 Iraq 1979 179 Ireland is represented in Iraq through its embassy in Riyadh Saudi Arabia Iraq is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom There are 1 081 Iraqis living in Ireland 85 After the conclusion of the Iran Iraq War in 1988 Ireland sent 177 personnel to supervise the ceasefire as part of the United Nations led UNIIMOG 178 Israel January 1975 180 See Ireland Israel relations Since 25 January 1996 Ireland has an embassy in Tel Aviv 181 Israel has an embassy in Dublin 182 Both countries are full members of the Union for the MediterraneanIn 2010 the Israel Defense Forces forcibly boarded an Irish aid ship destined for the Gaza Strip which resulted in worsened relations Israel s Mossad was also involved in the counterfeiting of five Irish passports used in an assassination and 2 members of the Israeli ambassador s security staff in Dublin were subsequently deported 183 In 2010 there were numerous protests at the Israeli embassy in Ireland over the treatment of Palestinians 184 Japan 5 March 1957 185 See Ireland Japan relations Starting in 1973 Ireland has an embassy in Tokyo and an honorary consulate in Osaka 186 Since 1964 Japan has an embassy in Dublin 187 The 60th anniversary of diplomatic relations between Japan and Ireland was marked during 2017 Both countries are full members of the Organisation for Economic Co operation and Development Japan Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Ireland Jordan 15 May 1984 188 Ireland has an embassy in Amman Jordan is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom and an honorary consulate in Dublin In February 2016 the King of Jordan Abdullah II of Jordan made a state visit to Ireland 189 Kazakhstan 10 April 1992 190 Ireland is represented in Kazakhstan through its embassy in Moscow Russia and an honorary consulate in Almaty Kazakhstan Kazakhstan is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom and an honorary consulate in Cork 161 Kuwait October 1975 21 Ireland is represented in Kuwait through its embassy in Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Kuwait has an embassy office in Dublin Kyrgyzstan 23 June 2000 191 Ireland is represented in Kyrgyzstan through its embassy in Moscow Russia Laos 7 August 1998 192 Ireland is represented in Laos through its embassy in Hanoi Vietnam Laos is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom Lebanon January 1975 21 Ireland is represented in Lebanon through its embassy in Cairo Egypt and an honorary consulate in Beirut Lebanon is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom From 1978 to 2001 a battalion of 580 Irish troops was deployed in Lebanon rotating every 6 months as part of the United Nations led force UNIFIL In all 30 000 Irish soldiers served in Lebanon over the 23 years Over the course of this mission 48 Irish soldiers died in Lebanon 193 Malaysia 1974 194 Ireland has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur Malaysia has an embassy in Dublin There are 3 295 Malaysians living in Ireland 65 Maldives 7 December 1999 195 Although diplomatic relations with Maldives are maintained through Ireland s Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York United States Ireland is represented in Maldives consularly through its embassy in New Delhi India 196 Mongolia 22 December 1998 197 Ireland is represented in Mongolia through its embassy in Beijing China Mongolia is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom and an honorary consulate in Delgany Co Wicklow Myanmar 10 February 2004 198 Ireland is represented in Myanmar through its embassy in Hanoi Vietnam Myanmar is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom Nepal 19 August 1999 199 Ireland is represented in Nepal through its embassy in New Delhi India and an honorary consulate in Kathmandu Nepal is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom After the April 2015 Nepal earthquake the government of Ireland donated 1 5 million in humanitarian assistance 200 North Korea 10 December 2003 201 Ireland established diplomatic relations with North Korea in 2003 202 Ireland is represented in North Korea through its embassy in Seoul South Korea 202 North Korea is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom 202 Oman July 1987 203 Ireland is represented in Oman through its embassy in Riyadh Saudi Arabia and an honorary consulate in Muscat Oman is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom and an honorary consulate in Dublin Pakistan See Ireland Pakistan relations Ireland is represented in Pakistan through its embassy in Riyadh Saudi Arabia and an consulate general in Karachi Pakistan has an embassy in Dublin There are 6 847 Pakistanis living in Ireland 85 Pakistan received over 1 5 million in aid from Ireland in 2011 38 Palestine 2000 204 See Ireland Palestine relations Ireland has representative offices in Jerusalem and Ramallah 205 Palestine has a mission in Dublin 206 Both countries are full members of the Union for the Mediterranean In 2011 Foreign Minister Eamon Gilmore spoke at the United Nations in favour of Palestine s application for membership 207 Palestine received 5 4 million in Irish aid in 2011 38 Philippines 1984 208 See Ireland Philippines relations Diplomatic relations officially began in 1984 and have become more intense over the years as increasing numbers of Filipinos have migrated to Ireland Ireland has an embassy in Manila The Philippines are represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom and an honorary consulate in Dublin There are 12 791 Filipinos living in Ireland 85 Qatar September 1974 209 Ireland is represented in Qatar through its embassy in Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Qatar is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom Saudi Arabia September 1974 210 Ireland has an embassy in Riyadh Saudi Arabia and an honorary consulate in Jeddah Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Dublin Singapore 2 December 1974 211 Ireland is represented in Singapore through its embassy in Singapore Singapore is represented in Ireland through its honorary consulate in Dublin South Korea 4 October 1983 212 The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea and Ireland started on 4 October 1983 213 Irish embassy and an honorary consulate in Seoul 214 South Korean embassy in Dublin 215 As of July 2009 the ambassador Ireland to South Korea was Eamonn McKee Ireland has a Working Holiday Program Agreement with the Republic of Korea It was at the first time an agreement of its kind of visa with a country of the Asia Ireland and the Republic of Korea are full members of the Organisation for Economic Co operation and Development WTO and the United Nations Irish Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with South Korea South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Ireland in Korean only permanent dead link Sri Lanka 1996 216 Ireland is represented in Sri Lanka through its embassy in New Delhi India and an honorary consulate in Colombo Sri Lanka is represented in Ireland through an honorary consulate in Dublin Syria Ireland is represented in Syria through its embassy in Cairo Egypt and an honorary consulate in Damascus Syria is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom Taiwan N A Ireland does not maintain diplomatic relations with Taiwan Tajikistan 18 July 2000 217 Ireland is represented in Tajikistan through its embassy in Moscow Russia Thailand 27 January 1975 218 Ireland has an embassy in Bangkok Thailand is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom and an honorary consulate in Dublin There are 1 381 Thai living in Ireland 22 Timor Leste 31 January 2003 219 Ireland is represented in Timor Leste through its embassy in Singapore Singapore Timor Leste has an honorary consulate in Dublin Timor Leste received 3 4 million in aid from Ireland in 2011 38 Since 2003 Timor Leste is one of 9 priority countries receiving Irish Aid assistance 220 Turkey 1972 221 See Ireland Turkey relations Ireland has an embassy in Ankara and honorary consulates in Antalya Istanbul and Izmir Turkey has an embassy in Dublin 222 Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe There are 1 029 Turks living in Ireland 22 In 2010 Irish President Mary McAleese paid a state visit to Turkey Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Ireland Turkmenistan 16 October 2007 223 Ireland is represented in Turkmenistan through its embassy in Moscow Russia United Arab Emirates 1974 224 Ireland has an embassy in Abu Dhabi The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Dublin As the UAE is Ireland s second largest Asian market many Irish government organizations such as Bord Bia Enterprise Ireland and Tourism Ireland have offices located in the country 225 Uzbekistan 7 November 1997 226 Ireland is represented in Uzbekistan through its embassy in Moscow Russia Uzbekistan is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom Vietnam 5 April 1996 227 Ireland has an embassy in Hanoi 228 Vietnam is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom and an honorary consulate in Dublin 229 Vietnamese prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung visited Ireland in 2008 Tanaiste Brian Cowen visited Vietnam in 2008 Vietnam received over 12 million in aid from Ireland in 2011 38 Vietnamese Ministry of Foreign Affairs about the relation with Ireland Yemen 25 July 2000 230 Ireland is represented in Yemen through its embassy in Riyadh Saudi Arabia Europe EditIreland is consistently the most pro European of EU member states with 88 of the population approving of EU membership according to a poll in 2022 1 Ireland was a founding member of the euro single currency In May 2004 Ireland was one of only three countries to open its borders to workers from the 10 new member states EU issues important to Ireland include the Common Agricultural Policy corporation tax harmonisation and the EU Constitution The Irish electorate declined to ratify the Treaty of Lisbon in 2008 A second referendum in October 2009 passed the bill allowing the treaty to be ratified Before it was ratified Ireland required legal guarantees on issues such as the right of Ireland to remain militarily neutral and not engage in any kind of European army the right of the state to maintain its low levels of corporation tax and that the treaty would not change the Eighth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland making abortion illegal since deleted Ireland has held the Presidency of the Council of the European Union on seven occasions in 1975 1979 1984 1990 1996 2004 and 2013 Country Formal relations began Notes Albania January 1995 231 Ireland is represented in Albania through its embassy in Athens Greece 232 Albania is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom 233 Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe There are 1 170 Albanians living in Ireland citation needed There are approximately 5 000 Irish people living in Albania citation needed Andorra 18 January 1995 234 Although Ireland is accredited to Andorra from its embassy in Madrid Spain all consular queries are with regard to Andorra are dealt with through Ireland s consulate general in Barcelona 235 Andorra does not have an accreditation to Ireland 236 Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe Austria 1951 citation needed Ireland has an embassy in Vienna 237 Austria has an embassy in Ireland located at 6 Ailesbury Road Ballsbridge Dublin 233 Austria also maintains a Commercial Section at the Merrion Centre 2nd Floor Nutley Lane Dublin 233 There are 720 Austrians living in Ireland 65 There are 15 000 Irish people living in Austria citation needed Both countries are full members of the European Union and the Council of Europe In 1986 the President of Ireland Patrick Hillery paid a state visit to Austria 238 In July 2006 the President of Ireland Mary McAleese paid a state visit to Austria 239 Belarus 27 March 1992 240 Ireland is represented in Belarus through its embassy in Vilnius Lithuania 241 Belarus is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom and an honorary consulate in Rathdrum County Wicklow 233 There are 4 000 Belarusians living in Ireland citation needed There are 15 000 Irish people living in Belarus citation needed Belgium Ireland has an embassy in Brussels and an honorary consulate in Antwerp 242 Belgium has an embassy in Dublin and three honorary consulates Cork Galway and Limerick 243 In 2007 King Albert II of Belgium paid a state visit to Ireland 244 There are 1 071 Belgians living in Ireland 65 There are 30 000 Irish people living in Belgium citation needed Both countries are full members of the European Union and the Council of Europe Bosnia and Herzegovina 27 September 1995 245 Ireland is represented in Bosnia and Herzegovina through its embassy in Ljubljana Slovenia 161 Bosnia and Herzegovina is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom Since 1997 Ireland has contributed peacekeeping troops to Bosnia on a number of occasions including the NATO led Stabilization Force and the EU led EUFOR Althea There are 141 Bosnians living in Ireland citation needed There are 5 000 Irish people living in Bosnia an Herzegovina citation needed Bulgaria 11 January 1990 246 Ireland has an embassy in Sofia 247 Bulgaria has an embassy in Dublin 248 There are 1 759 Bulgarians living in Ireland 65 There are 6 000 Irish people living in Bulgaria citation needed Both countries are full members of the European Union and the Council of Europe Croatia 27 January 1995 249 See Croatia Ireland relations Ireland has an embassy and honorary consulate in Zagreb Croatia has both an embassy and an honorary consulate in Dublin There are 24 000 Croats living in Ireland citation needed There are approximately 5 000 Irish people living in Croatia citation needed Both countries are full members of the European Union and the Council of Europe Cyprus 1985 250 See Cyprus Ireland relations Ireland has an embassy in Nicosia Cyprus has an embassy in Dublin In 2005 the president of Cyprus Tassos Papadopoulos paid a state visit to Ireland Both countries are full members of the European Union and the Council of Europe 251 Since 1964 over 9 000 members of the Irish Defense Forces have served in Cyprus without suffering any casualties 252 There are 3 984 Cypriots living in Ireland citation needed There are 6 000 Irish people living in Cyprus citation needed Czech Republic 1 January 1993 253 Ireland has an embassy in Prague 254 The Czech Republic has an embassy in Dublin 255 Both countries are full members of the European Union and the Council of Europe There are 5 451 Czechs living in Ireland 85 There are approximately 5 000 Irish people living in Czech Republic citation needed Denmark January 1962 256 See Denmark Ireland relations Ireland has an embassy in Copenhagen Denmark has an embassy in Dublin and three honorary consulates Cork Limerick and Waterford Both countries are full members of the European Union and the Council of Europe There are 801 Danes living in Ireland 65 There are 15 000 Irish people living in Denmark citation needed Estonia 10 September 1991 257 Ireland recognised Estonia on 27 August 1991 Ireland has an embassy in Tallinn Estonia has an embassy in Dublin and two honorary consulates Cork and Limerick Both countries are full members of the European Union and the Council of Europe There are 2 560 Estonians living in Ireland 65 There are 15 000 Irish people living in Estonia Finland 2 November 1961 258 Ireland has an embassy and an honorary consulate in Helsinki 259 Finland has an embassy in Dublin and three honorary consulates Cork Dublin and Limerick 260 There are 868 Finns living in Ireland 65 Both countries are full members of the European Union and the Council of Europe Finnish Ministry of Foreign Affairs relations with Ireland France 1929 261 See France Ireland relations Ireland has an embassy in Paris and a consulate general in Lyon 262 France has an embassy in Dublin and four honorary consulates Cork Limerick Galway and Waterford 263 Both countries are full members of the European Union and the Council of Europe Both countries throughout history were very friendly with each other and both fought against Great Britain cooperatively especially during the 1798 Uprising however this was unsuccessful There are approximately 9 749 French living in Ireland 85 60 of Irish secondary school students study the French language 20 of Irish residents are able to carry on a conversation in French French Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Ireland Germany 27 October 1929 264 See Germany Ireland relations Ireland has an embassy in Berlin and a consulate general in Frankfurt and four honorary consulates Cologne Bergisch Gladbach Hamburg Munich and Stuttgart 265 Germany has an embassy in Dublin and an honorary consulate in Galway 266 Both countries are full members of the European Union and the Council of Europe Germany is one of Ireland s biggest trading partners ranking third in 2014 with an approximately eight per cent share of Ireland s total foreign trade There are approximately 11 531 Germans living in Ireland 85 Greece 22 January 1975 267 See Greece Ireland relations Ireland has an embassy in Athens and three honorary consulates Crete Rhodes and Thessaloniki 268 Greece has an embassy in Dublin There were 1000 Greeks living in Ireland in 2016 according to that year s census 269 Both countries are full members of the European Union and the Council of Europe In 2000 Greek President Konstantinos Stephanopoulos visited Dublin In 2002 Irish President Mary McAleese visited Athens In 2006 Greek Prime Minister Kostas Karamanlis and Greek Foreign Affairs Minister Dora Bakoyannis visited Dublin Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Ireland Guernsey Ireland has signed several tax treaties with the Guernsey 270 The treaties provide a mechanism for inter governmental sharing of information about offshore assets and avoidance of dual taxation 271 Holy See 27 November 1929 272 See Holy See Ireland relations Ireland has an embassy in Rome to the Holy See The Holy See has an apostolic nunciature in Dublin In November 2011 Ireland closed its embassy in the Vatican over the Irish Church s handling of sex abuse cases and accusations that the Vatican had encouraged secrecy and obstructed investigations into these matters 273 The embassy was reopened in January 2014 a sign of thawing relations between the two jurisdictions 274 The majority of Irish people are Roman Catholic Hungary 1 October 1976 275 Since 1996 Ireland has an embassy in Budapest 276 Since 1991 Hungary has an embassy in Dublin and an honorary consulate in Cork 277 Both countries are full members of the European Union and the Council of Europe There are approximately 8 034 Hungarians living in Ireland 85 Iceland 3 July 1951 278 See Iceland Ireland relations Ireland is represented in Iceland through its embassy in Copenhagen Denmark and through an honorary consulate in Gardabaer 279 Iceland is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom and through an honorary consulate in Dublin 280 Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe Italy 1922 Ireland has an embassy in Rome and an honorary consulate in Milan 281 Italy has an embassy in Dublin and two honorary consulates Galway and Cork 282 There are 7 656 Italians living in Ireland 85 Both countries are full members of the European Union and the Council of Europe Jersey Ireland has signed several tax treaties with Jersey 270 The treaties provide a mechanism for inter governmental sharing of information about offshore assets and avoidance of dual taxation 271 Kosovo 11 November 2008 283 See Ireland Kosovo relations Ireland is represented in Kosovo through its embassy in Budapest Hungary Kosovo declared its independence from Serbia on 17 February 2008 and Ireland recognised it on 29 February 2008 284 On 6 December 2011 Kosovan Ambassador to the United Kingdom Muhamet Hamiti presented the credentials of Kosovan President Atifete Jahjaga to Irish President Michael D Higgins thus making Hamiti the non resident ambassador to Ireland 285 Ireland contributed 279 peacekeeping troops to the NATO led Kosovo Force of which 12 personal are still active 286 Latvia 9 October 1991 287 Ireland recognised Latvia s independence on 27 August 1991 Ireland has an embassy in Riga Latvia has an embassy in Dublin 288 Both countries are full members of the European Union and the Council of Europe There are approximately 20 593 Latvians living in Ireland 85 Liechtenstein 1992 Ireland is represented in Liechtenstein through its embassy in Bern Switzerland Liechtenstein is represented in Ireland through the embassy of Switzerland in Dublin 289 Lithuania 2 September 1991 290 Ireland recognised Lithuania on 27 August 1991 Ireland has an embassy in Vilnius Lithuania has an embassy in Dublin and two honorary consulates in Carrickmacross Co Monaghan and Dublin 291 Both countries are full members of the European Union and the Council of Europe There are approximately 36 683 Lithuanians living in Ireland 85 Lithuanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs list of bilateral treaties with Ireland in Lithuanian Archived 30 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine Luxembourg 20 December 1961 292 Ireland has an embassy in Luxembourg City 293 Luxembourg is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom and an honorary consulate in Dublin Both countries are full members of the European Union and the Council of Europe Malta 13 June 1990 294 Ireland has an embassy in Ta Xbiex 295 Malta has an embassy in Dublin and two honorary consulates Dublin and Cork 161 There are 180 Maltese living in Ireland 65 Both countries are full members of the European Union and the Council of Europe The Irish Defence Forces trains officer cadets of the Armed Forces of Malta AFM 296 Isle of Man See Ireland Isle of Man relations Ireland has signed several tax agreements with the Isle of Man 297 The agreements provide a mechanism for inter governmental sharing of information about offshore assets and avoidance of dual taxation Ireland and the Isle of Man have collaborated on preparing reports and jointly opposing the Sellafield nuclear plant to the UK government 298 Moldova 13 July 1999 299 Ireland is represented in Moldova through its embassy in Bucharest Romania Moldova is represented in Ireland through its embassy in Dublin Ireland 300 Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe There are 2 881 Moldovans living in Ireland 22 Moldovan Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Ireland Monaco 14 December 2006 301 Although Ireland has an honorary consulate in Monaco Ireland is represented through its embassy in Paris France Monaco has an honorary consulate in Dublin Montenegro 20 June 2006 302 Ireland is represented in Montenegro through its embassy in Budapest Hungary Montenegro declared its independence from Serbia on 3 June 2006 and Ireland recognised it on 20 June 2006 Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe Netherlands 1945 303 Ireland has an embassy in The Hague 304 The Netherlands has an embassy in Dublin and an honorary consulate in Cork There are 4 313 Dutch people living in Ireland 65 Both countries are full members of the European Union and the Council of Europe Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Ireland North Macedonia 13 December 1994 305 Ireland is represented in North Macedonia through its embassy in Bucharest Romania North Macedonia is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom and an honorary consulate in Dublin Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe Norway 17 February 1950 306 Ireland has an embassy in Oslo 307 Norway has an embassy in Dublin and an honorary consulate in Cork 308 Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe Poland 30 September 1976 309 See Ireland Poland relations Ireland has an embassy in Warsaw and an honorary consulate in Poznan 310 Poland has an embassy in Dublin and two honorary consulates Cork and Limerick 311 Both countries are full members of the European Union and the Council of Europe There are approximately 150 000 Poles living in Ireland the largest minority in the country 85 Portugal 1942 312 Ireland has an embassy in Lisbon 313 Portugal has an embassy in Dublin and an honorary consulate in Cork There are 2 739 Portuguese living in Ireland 65 Both countries are full members of the European Union and the Council of Europe Romania 18 April 1990 314 Ireland has an embassy in Bucharest 315 Romania has an embassy in Dublin 316 Both countries are full members of the European Union and the Council of Europe There are 17 304 Romanians living in Ireland 85 Russia 29 September 1973 317 See Ireland Russia relations Ireland has an embassy in Moscow and an honorary consulate in St Petersburg 318 Russia has an embassy Dublin and two honorary consulates Limerick and Thurles Co Tipperary 319 There are 3 896 Russians living in Ireland 65 The Russian SFSR drafted a treaty which would have made it the first country to recognise the independence of Ireland in 1920 however the Russian SFSR failed to ratify it 320 321 Cooperation between both countries has been more active since the end of the Cold War Many bilateral treaties exist between both nations in various fields taxation investment protection cultural and scientific aviation etc San Marino 13 January 1995 322 Ireland is represented in San Marino through its embassy in Rome Italy San Marino has an honorary consulate in Limerick Serbia 1977 323 Ireland is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Athens Greece and an consulate general in Belgrade Serbia Serbia is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London United Kingdom and an honorary consulate in Dublin Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe Slovakia 1 January 1993 324 Ireland has an embassy in Bratislava 325 Slovakia has an embassy in Dublin Both countries are full members of the European Union and the Council of Europe There are 10 801 Slovaks living in Ireland 85 In 2010 Slovak airport security planted actual explosives in the luggage of unsuspecting passengers as part of a security exercise As result of additional mistakes the explosives were flown to Dublin Ireland causing international controversy 326 Prime Minister Fico refused to dismiss the interior minister after the incident Slovenia 25 January 1996 327 Ireland has an embassy in Ljubljana 328 Slovenia has an embassy in Dublin 329 There are 192 Slovenes living in Ireland 65 Both countries are full members of the European Union and the Council of Europe Spain 3 September 1935 330 See Ireland Spain relations Ireland has an embassy in Madrid and 10 honorary consulates in Alicante Arrecife Barcelona Bilbao Ferrol Las Palmas Majorca Malaga Santa Cruz de Tenerife and Seville 331 Spain has an embassy in Dublin and five honorary consulates Cork Limerick Galway Waterford and Sligo 332 Both countries are full members of the European Union and the Council of Europe There are 6 794 Spaniards living in Ireland 85 Spain is the number one destination for Irish tourists worldwide with over 1 3 million visitors from Ireland every year 333 Irish Ministry of Foreign Affairs directions of Irish representations in Spain Sweden Ireland has an embassy in Stockholm Sweden closed its embassy in Dublin in August 2010 and now has solely an honorary consulate in Dublin There are 1 713 Swedes living in Ireland 65 Both countries are full members of the European Union and the Council of Europe Switzerland 1939 334 Ireland has an embassy in Bern and an honorary consulate in Zurich Switzerland has an embassy in Dublin As of 2010 there are 1 449 Swiss people living in Ireland 335 Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe Ukraine 1 April 1992 336 Ireland recognised the Ukrainian state in 1991 Ireland has an embassy in Kyiv 337 Ukraine has an embassy in Dublin 338 There are 3 343 Ukrainians living in Ireland 65 Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe Ukrainian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Ireland United Kingdom See above and Ireland United Kingdom relations Ireland has an embassy a visa office and a passport office in London and consulates general in Cardiff Edinburgh and Manchester 339 United Kingdom has an embassy in Dublin There are 288 627 British people living in Ireland 65 Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe Ireland was part of the United Kingdom until 1922 British Foreign Office about relations with IrelandOceania Edit No formal diplomatic relations Country Formal relations began Notes Australia 1945 340 See Australia Ireland relations Ireland has an embassy in Canberra a consulate general in Sydney and an honorary consulate in Perth Australia has an embassy in Dublin 341 There are 2 849 Australians living in Ireland 65 About 20 of the Australian population have Irish ancestry which often predates Irish Independence in 1922 Australia Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Ireland Federated States of Micronesia 27 October 2004 342 Diplomatic relations between both countries are maintained through both countries Permanent Missions to the United Nations in New York United States 343 Fiji 19 February 2002 344 Ireland is represented in Fiji through its embassy in Canberra Australia Fiji is represented in Ireland through its High Commission in London United Kingdom 345 Kiribati September 2000 346 Although diplomatic relations with Kiribati are maintained through Ireland s Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York United States Ireland is represented in Kiribati consularly through its embassy in Canberra Australia 347 Marshall Islands 8 January 2021 348 Nauru 21 March 2000 349 Although diplomatic relations with Nauru are maintained through Ireland s Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York United States Ireland is represented in Nauru consularly through its embassy in Canberra Australia 350 New Zealand 1965 351 See Ireland New Zealand relations From 2018 Ireland will establish an embassy in New Zealand confirmed by the President of Ireland in October 2017 during his State visit to New Zealand Respectively New Zealand s Prime Minister announced they would also open an embassy in Dublin in the same year Previously New Zealand had been represented in Ireland via its High Commission in London 352 and Ireland in New Zealand via its Australian embassy in Canberra 353 Ireland has an embassy in Wellington New Zealand has an embassy in Dublin There are 1 394 New Zealanders living in Ireland 65 Around one in every six New Zealanders claims Irish descent 354 Both countries are full members of the Organisation for Economic Co operation and Development There is a community of people of Irish descent living in New Zealand New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Ireland Archived 5 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine Palau 14 July 2000 355 Although diplomatic relations with Palau are maintained through Ireland s Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York United States Ireland is represented in Palau consularly through its embassy in Canberra Australia 356 Papua New Guinea 26 October 2020 357 Ireland is represented in Papua New Guinea through its embassy in Canberra Australia Samoa 26 June 2000 358 Although diplomatic relations with Samoa are maintained through Ireland s Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York United States Ireland is represented in Samoa consularly through its embassy in Canberra Australia 356 Solomon Islands 4 December 2009 359 Ireland is represented in the Solomon Islands through its embassy in Canberra Australia Tonga 27 July 2021 Ireland and Tonga established diplomatic relations on 27 July 2021 360 Tuvalu September 2000 346 Although diplomatic relations with Tuvalu are maintained through Ireland s Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York United States Ireland is represented in Tuvalu consularly through its embassy in Canberra Australia 361 Vanuatu Although diplomatic relations with Vanuatuare maintained through Ireland s Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York United States Ireland is represented in Vanuatu consularly through its embassy in Canberra Australia 362 United Nations EditThe United Nations was founded in 1945 but Ireland s membership was blocked by the Soviet Union until 1955 363 partly because of Dublin s neutrality during the Second World War 364 Since 2017 the Irish ambassador to the UN Office at Geneva has been Michael Gaffey 365 Ireland has been elected to the UN Security Council as a non permanent member on three occasions in 1962 in 1981 1982 in 2001 2002 and most recently in 2021 2022 366 Ireland is a member state of the International Criminal Court having signed the Rome Statute in 1998 and ratified it in 2002 367 Irish Aid the Government of Ireland s programme of assistance to developing countries financed the redesign of the UNV Online Volunteering service website in 2008 and supported its operations from 2007 to 2010 which led to a significant growth in the number of online volunteers and the tasks they completed 368 In 2017 Ireland signed the UN treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons 369 Peacekeeping missions Edit Ireland has a long history of participation in UN peacekeeping efforts starting in 1958 just three years after joining the UN As of August 2018 update 90 members of the Irish Defence Forces had been killed on peacekeeping missions 370 List of major peacekeeping operations 371 June 1958 December 1958 UNOGIL observer mission to Lebanon 1958 present UNTSO mission to the Middle East 1960 1964 ONUC mission to Congo 1964 present UNFICYP mission to Cyprus 1973 1974 UNEF II mission to Sinai after the Yom Kippur War 1978 present UNIFIL mission to Lebanon 1988 1991 UNIIMOG mission to the Iran Iraq border following the Iran Iraq War 1993 1995 UNOSOM II peace enforcement mission to Somalia 1997 2004 SFOR mission to former Yugoslavia 1999 present KFOR mission to Kosovo 1999 2000 INTERFET mission to East Timor 2003 2018 UNMIL mission to Liberia 2008 present EUFOR Chad CAR mission to Chad and the Central African RepublicAs well as these missions Irish personnel have served as observers in Central America Russia Cambodia Afghanistan Namibia Western Sahara Kuwait and South Africa 372 Ireland and the Commonwealth of Nations EditIreland was a member state of the British Commonwealth from 1922 until 1949 initially as a Dominion called the Irish Free State from 1922 until 1937 when Ireland adopted a new constitution and changed the name of the state to Ireland Although the king was removed from the Constitution in 1936 a republic was only formally declared from 18 April 1949 Under the rules for membership at the time a republic could not be a member state of the Commonwealth This was changed a week later with the adoption of the London Declaration Since 1998 some people in Ireland have advocated joining the Commonwealth of Nations most notably Eamon o Cuiv Frank Feighan and Mary Kenny 373 374 International organisations EditIreland is a member of or otherwise participates in the following international organisations 375 Asian Development Bank Australia Group Bank for International Settlements Common Security and Defence Policy Council of Europe Council of Europe Development Bank Euro Atlantic Partnership Council European Bank for Reconstruction and Development European Defence Agency European Investment Bank Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union European Space Agency European Union Food and Agriculture Organization International Atomic Energy Agency International Bank for Reconstruction and Development International Civil Aviation Organization International Criminal Court International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement International Development Association International Energy Agency International Fund for Agricultural Development International Finance Corporation International Labour Organization International Monetary Fund International Maritime Organization Interpol Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission International Organization for Migration Inter Parliamentary Union International Organization for Standardization International Telecommunication Union Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo Nuclear Energy Agency Nuclear Suppliers Group Organization of American States observer OECD Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons Organization for Security and Co operation in Europe Pacific Alliance observer Paris Club Permanent Court of Arbitration Partnership for Peace United Nations United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNESCO UNHCR United Nations Industrial Development Organization United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon United Nations Mission in Liberia United Nations Operation in Cote d Ivoire United Nations Truce Supervision Organization Universal Postal Union World Customs Organization Western European Union observer World Health Organization World Intellectual Property Organization World Meteorological Organization World Trade Organization Zangger CommitteeForeign aid EditMain article Irish Aid Ireland s aid program was founded in 1974 and in 2017 its budget amounted to 651 million 376 The government had previously set a target of reaching the Millennium Development Goal of 0 7 of Gross National Product in aid by 2012 which was not met as aid was reduced as a result of the Irish financial crisis 377 Irish development aid is concentrated on eight priority countries Lesotho Mozambique Tanzania Ethiopia Zambia Uganda Vietnam and East Timor 378 In 2006 Malawi was announced as the ninth priority country with a tenth country to follow 379 Human rights EditThere have been no serious civil human or social rights abuses problems in the State according to Amnesty International and the U S State Department 380 381 The country consistently comes among the top nations in terms of freedom and rights ratings Index Ranking Most Recent ResultFreedom in the World Political Rights 1st Joint 1 Free Freedom in the World Civil Liberties 1st Joint 1 Free Index of Economic Freedom 9th 76 9 Mostly Free Worldwide Press Freedom Index Ranking 15th 4 00 Free Global Peace Index 6th Joint 1 33 More Peaceful Democracy Index 12th 8 79 Full Democracy International Property Rights Index 13th Joint 7 9Corruption Perceptions Index 16th Joint 7 7Fragile States Index 170th 7th from the bottom 26 5 Sustainable See also EditIreland NATO relations Common Travel Area List of diplomatic missions in Ireland List of diplomatic missions of Ireland Message to the Free Nations of the WorldReferences Edit Ireland and the United Nations Archived from the original on 14 April 2010 Retrieved 15 July 2010 The Claudia An Phoblacht 21 July 2005 Archived from the original on 3 February 2016 Retrieved 26 January 2016 Doms og kirkjumalarađuneyti Reglugerđ varđandi afmorkun landgrunnsins til vesturs i suđur og til austurs Reglugerd 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rendition flights Irishtimes com Retrieved 11 May 2020 Israeli envoy to pass on Irish concerns RTE 27 July 2006 Retrieved 27 July 2006 Barnes Eddie Macleod Murdo 30 July 2006 Irish refused bombs sent to Prestwick airport Edinburgh The Scotsman Obama seeks to recover from Irish blunder Republican News 5 September 2008 Retrieved 28 October 2013 Centre for Asian Studies University Collete Dublin China the Emerging Power Prospects for Sino Irish Relations By Keisha Carty Asia Correspondent The Irish Times a b Irish Department of Foreign Affairs a Decade of the Asia Strategy Tanaiste begins four day political and economic mission to China Department of Foreign Affairs 29 July 2013 Retrieved 29 October 2013 a b Oireachtas WRITTEN answer on Wednesday 31 January 2007 Ref No 43859 06 Which Countries Are For or Against China s Xinjiang Policies The Diplomat 15 July 2019 More than 20 ambassadors condemn China s treatment of Uighurs in Xinjiang The Guardian 11 July 2019 a b c d e Miller Rory 2005 Ireland and the Palestine Question 1948 2004 p 84 a b c d e f g h i j k l m Ireland Migration and Diversity PDF Central Statistics Office Archived from the original PDF on 25 January 2016 Retrieved 4 February 2016 Diplomatic relations between Angola and Ireland as of 24 Jan 2001 United Nations Digital Library 24 January 2001 Retrieved 30 October 2020 Department of Foreign Affairs International Relations Kildare Street Retrieved 4 February 2016 L ambassadeur du Benin pres la France Auguste Alavo pose ses valises en Irlande Premier representant diplomatique du Benin au pays de Michael D Higgins il aura sa residence a Paris Apres avoir presente sa lettre de creance au numero un irlandais il s est entretenu avec plusieurs personnalites en vue de dynamiser les relations bilaterales entre les deux pays in French 28 May 2019 Retrieved 9 November 2021 Diplomatic List Ireland PDF Department of Foreign Affairs Retrieved 5 February 2016 Faso Burkina May 2007 Diplomatic Relations Between Burkina Faso and Ireland as of 1 May 2007 United Nations Digital Library Retrieved 30 October 2020 Diplomatic and Consular Information for Burkina Faso Department for Foreign Affairs Retrieved 4 February 2016 Ireland in Burundi Retrieved 2 November 2020 Ireland in Burundi and Eritrea Department of Foreign Affairs Retrieved 4 February 2016 Diplomatic Relations Between Cameroon and Ireland as of 23 Apr 2007 United Nations Digital Library 23 April 2007 Retrieved 30 October 2020 Presidente da Republica recebe cartas credenciais pelo Senhor Ralph Victory Embaixador da Irlanda em Cabo Verde com residencia em Lisboa Archived from the original on 26 February 2022 Presidente da Republica recebe cartas credenciais pelo Senhor Ralph Victory a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Republic Central African 26 June 2018 Diplomatic relations between Central African Republic and Ireland as of 26 June 2018 United Nations Digital Library System Retrieved 15 August 2019 Diplomatic relations between Ireland and Chad as of 30 June 2000 United Nations Digital Library 30 June 2000 Retrieved 30 October 2020 EUFOR TCHAD RCA Oireachtas 5 March 2009 Retrieved 4 February 2016 a b c Ireland in Burundi Seychelles Democratic Republic of Congo and Comoros Retrieved 23 October 2021 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Irish Aid Annual report 2011 PDF Irish Aid Retrieved 1 February 2013 Diplomatic relations between Djibouti and Ireland as of 6 July 2001 United Nations Digital Library 6 July 2001 Retrieved 30 October 2020 Diplomatic and Consular Information for Djibouti Department for Foreign Affairs Retrieved 4 February 2016 Department of Foreign Affairs Embassyofireland org eg Retrieved 21 February 2015 Egyptian embassy in Dublin Embegyptireland ie Archived from the original on 1 February 2011 Retrieved 1 February 2011 Ireland in Burundi and Eritrea Retrieved 2 November 2020 Global Ireland Ireland in Mozambique Mission Strategy 2020 2024 PDF p 4 Retrieved 23 October 2021 Ireland Ethiopia relations Retrieved 2 November 2020 Visit by the President of Ireland to the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Department of Foreign Affairs Retrieved 5 February 2016 Diplomatic relations between Ireland and Gambia as of 29 May 2001 United Nations Digital Library 29 May 2001 Retrieved 30 October 2020 Diplomatic and Consular Information for the Gambia Department for Foreign Affairs Retrieved 5 February 2016 Ambassador presents credentials in Ghana Retrieved 2 November 2020 Diplomatic and Consular Information for Guinea Bissau Department for Foreign Affairs Retrieved 5 February 2016 d Ivoire Cote 3 May 2000 Diplomatic relations between Cote d Ivoire and Ireland as of 3 May 2000 United Nations Digital Library Retrieved 30 October 2020 Diplomatic and Consular Information for the Ivory Coast Department for Foreign Affairs Retrieved 5 February 2016 Ireland Kenya Relations Department of Foreign Affairs Retrieved 5 February 2016 President s 12 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