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International recognition of Kosovo

December 26, 2022

International recognition of Kosovo, since its declaration of independence from Serbia enacted on 17 February 2008, has been mixed, and international governments are divided on the issue.[1][2]

Map of states that have recognised Kosovo's independence (as of 21 March 2022)
  Kosovo
  States which formally recognize Kosovo as independent.
  States which have stated they intend to formally recognize Kosovo as independent.
  States with undecided, unclear or ambiguous positions.
  States which have expressed disagreement with unilateral moves or expressed a wish for further negotiations.
  States which have stated that they do not recognize Kosovo as independent.
  States with no reported position at present.

As of 4 September 2020, 101 out of 193 (52.3%) United Nations member states, 22 out of 27 (81.5%) European Union member states, 26 out of 30 (86.7%) NATO member states, and 33 out of 57 (57.9%) Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member states have recognised Kosovo on both Serbian and Kosovan side. Conflicts have arisen regarding the number of countries recognizing Kosovo. The government of Serbia does not recognise it as a sovereign state.[3]

In 2013, the two sides began to normalise relations in accordance with the Brussels Agreement. In September 2020, Serbia and Kosovo agreed to normalise economic ties.[4][5] Serbia also agreed to suspend its efforts to encourage other states to either not recognise Kosovo or to revoke recognition for one year, while Kosovo agreed to not apply for new membership of international organisations for the same period.[6]

Among the G20 countries, eleven have recognised Kosovo as an independent state: Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. Eight, however, have not: Argentina, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Russia and South Africa.

Background

Further information: Foreign relations of Kosovo

A number of states expressed concern over the unilateral character of Kosovo's declaration, or explicitly announced that they would not recognise an independent Kosovo. The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) remains divided on this issue: of its five members with veto power, three (the United States, the United Kingdom, and France) have recognised the declaration of independence, while the People's Republic of China has expressed concern, urging the continuation of the previous negotiation framework. The Russian Federation has rejected the declaration and considers it illegal.[7] In May 2008, Russia, China, and India released a joint statement calling for new negotiations between Belgrade and Pristina.[8]

Although EU member states individually decide whether to recognise Kosovo, by consensus the EU has commissioned the European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo (EULEX) to ensure peace and continued external oversight. Due to the dispute in the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), the reconfiguration of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) and partial handover to the EULEX mission met with difficulties. In spite of Russian and Serbian protests, the UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon proceeded with the reconfiguration plan. On 15 July 2008, he stated: "In the light of the fact that the Security Council is unable to provide guidance, I have instructed my Special Representative to move forward with the reconfiguration of UNMIK ... in order to adapt UNMIK to a changed reality." According to the Secretary-General, the "United Nations has maintained a position of strict neutrality on the question of Kosovo's status".[9] On 26 November 2008, the UNSC gave the green light to the deployment of the EULEX mission in Kosovo. The EU mission is to assume police, justice, and customs duties from the UN, while operating under the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244 (UNSCR 1244) that first placed Kosovo under UN administration in 1999.[10]

Recognition of Kosovo by UN member states over time (total members 193)
  Formally recognised
  Other states

A United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) resolution adopted on 8 October 2008 backed the request of Serbia to seek an International Court of Justice advisory opinion on Kosovo's declaration of independence.[11] On 22 July 2010, the ICJ ruled that the declaration of independence of Kosovo did not violate international law "because international law contains no prohibition on declarations of independence", and that its authors were not bound by the Constitutional Framework (promulgated by UNMIK) or by UNSCR 1244, that is addressed only to United Nations Member States and organs of the United Nations.[12][13]

Within the EU, key supporters of Kosovo's statehood include France[14] and Germany.[15] The strongest opponents to Kosovo's statehood within the EU include Spain[16][17] and Greece.[18] The Spanish non-recognition of Kosovo is linked to the Spanish government's opposition to the Basque and Catalan independence movements,[16] while the Greek non-recognition of Kosovo is linked to the Cyprus dispute and Greece's historic relationship to Serbia.[18]

Serbia's reaction

Main articles: Serbia's reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence, Kosovo–Serbia relations, and Belgrade–Pristina negotiations
See also: 2008 protests against Kosovo declaration of independence

Due to Serbian claims that Kosovo is part of its sovereign territory, its initial reactions included recalling ambassadors from countries that recognised Kosovo for several months, indicting Kosovar leaders on charges of high treason, and litigating the case at the International Court of Justice (ICJ). Serbia also expelled ambassadors from countries that recognised Kosovo after the UNGA vote adopting Serbia's initiative to seek an ICJ advisory opinion.[19]

In December 2012, as a result of European Union mediated negotiations on Kosovo's status, Serbian Prime Minister Ivica Dačić agreed to appoint a liaison officer to Kosovo.[20] In March 2013, Dačić said that while his government would never recognise Kosovo's independence, "the Serbian president cannot go to Kosovo, nor the prime minister, nor ministers, nor the police or army. Serbs can only leave Kosovo. That's how much Kosovo is ours and what our constitution and laws mean there".[21]

In April 2013, Kosovo and Serbia reached an agreement to normalise relations, and thereby allow both nations to eventually join the European Union.[22] On 17 June 2013 Kosovo and Serbia exchanged liaison officers.[23]

However, the process of normalisation stalled in November 2018, after which Kosovo imposed a 100 percent tax on importing Serbian goods. On 1 April 2020, Kosovo withdrew the tax.[24]

In September 2020, under an agreement brokered by the United States, Serbia and Kosovo agreed to normalise economic ties.[4][5] Serbia also agreed to suspend its efforts to encourage other states to either not recognise Kosovo or to revoke recognition for one year, while Kosovo agreed to not apply for new membership of international organisations for the same period.[6]

International Court of Justice recognition

Main article: Advisory opinion on Kosovo's declaration of independence

On 27 March 2008 Serbian Foreign Minister Vuk Jeremić said Serbia would request the International Court of Justice to review the legality of Kosovo's declaration of independence.[25] On 8 October 2008 the UN General Assembly adopted Serbia's resolution requesting the International Court of Justice to assess the legality of Kosovo's declaration of independence.[26] The United Nations General Assembly adopted this proposal on 8 October 2008 with 77 votes in favor, 6 votes against and 74 abstentions.[27] The court delivered its opinion on 22 July 2010; by a vote of 10 to 4, it declared that "the adoption of the declaration of independence of 17 February 2008 did not violate general international law because international law contains no 'prohibition on declarations of independence', nor did the adoption of the declaration of independence violate UN Security Council Resolution 1244, since this did not describe Kosovo's final status, nor had the Security Council reserved for itself the decision on final status.[28][29][30]

Positions taken by sovereign entities

According to a 2020 study, states which have strong ties to the United States are more likely to recognise Kosovo, whereas states with stronger ties to Russia are less likely to recognise Kosovo.[31]

Countries that recognise Kosovo as an independent state

Member states of the United Nations

No. Country Date of recognition Ref.
1–8   Afghanistan 18 February 2008 [32]
  Albania [33]
  Costa Rica [34]
  France [35]
  Senegal [36]
  Turkey [37]
  United Kingdom [38]
  United States [39]
9   Australia 19 February 2008 [40]
10–11   Latvia 20 February 2008 [41]
  Germany [42]
12–15   Estonia 21 February 2008 [43]
  Italy [44]
  Denmark [45]
  Luxembourg [46]
16   Peru 22 February 2008 [47]
17   Belgium 24 February 2008 [48]
18   Poland 26 February 2008 [49]
19   Switzerland 27 February 2008 [50]
20   Austria 28 February 2008 [51]
21   Ireland 29 February 2008 [52]
22   Sweden 4 March 2008 [53]
23   Netherlands [54]
24   Iceland 5 March 2008 [55]
25   Slovenia [56]
26   Finland 7 March 2008 [57]
27–28   Canada 18 March 2008 [58]
  Japan [59]
29–31   Monaco 19 March 2008 [60]
  Hungary [61]
  Croatia [62]
32   Bulgaria 20 March 2008 [63]
33   Liechtenstein 25 March 2008 [64]
34–35   South Korea 28 March 2008 [65]
  Norway [66]
36   Marshall Islands 17 April 2008
37   Burkina Faso 23 April 2008 [67]
38   Lithuania 6 May 2008 [68]
39   San Marino 12 May 2008 [69]
40   Czech Republic 21 May 2008 [70]
41   Liberia 30 May 2008 [fn 1]
42   Colombia 4 August 2008 [73]
43   Belize 7 August 2008 [74]
44   Malta 22 August 2008 [75]
45   Samoa 15 September 2008 [76]
46   Portugal 7 October 2008 [77]
47–48   Montenegro 9 October 2008 [78]
  North Macedonia [79]
49   United Arab Emirates 14 October 2008 [80]
50   Malaysia 30 October 2008 [81]
51   Federated States of Micronesia 5 December 2008 [82]
52   Panama 16 January 2009 [83]
53   Maldives 19 February 2009 [84]
54   Palau 6 March 2009 [85]
55   Gambia 7 April 2009 [86]
56   Saudi Arabia 20 April 2009 [87]
57   Bahrain 19 May 2009 [88]
58   Jordan 7 July 2009 [89]
59   Dominican Republic 10 July 2009 [90]
60   New Zealand 9 November 2009 [91]
61   Malawi 14 December 2009 [92]
62   Mauritania 12 January 2010 [93]
63   Eswatini 12 April 2010 [94]
64   Vanuatu 28 April 2010 [95]
65   Djibouti 8 May 2010 [96]
66   Somalia 19 May 2010 [97]
67   Honduras 3 September 2010 [98]
68   Kiribati 21 October 2010 [99][100]
69   Tuvalu 18 November 2010 [101]
70   Qatar 7 January 2011 [102]
71   Guinea-Bissau 10 January 2011 [103][fn 2]
72   Oman 4 February 2011 [109][110][111]
73   Andorra 8 June 2011 [112]
74   Guinea 12 August 2011 [113][114]
75   Niger 15 August 2011 [113][115]
76   Benin 18 August 2011 [116]
77   Saint Lucia 19 August 2011 [117]
78   Gabon 15 September 2011 [118][119]
79   Ivory Coast 16 September 2011 [120][121]
80   Kuwait 11 October 2011 [122]
81   Haiti 10 February 2012 [123]
82   Brunei 25 April 2012 [124]
83   Chad 1 June 2012 [125]
84   Timor-Leste 20 September 2012 [126][127]
85   Fiji 19 November 2012 [128][129]
86   Saint Kitts and Nevis 28 November 2012 [130][131]
87   Pakistan 24 December 2012 [132][133]
88   Tanzania 29 May 2013 [134]
89   Guyana 13 June 2013 [135]
90   Yemen 11 June 2013 [136][137]
91   Egypt 26 June 2013 [138]
92   Thailand 24 September 2013 [139][140]
93   Libya 25 September 2013 [141]
94   Tonga 20 January 2014 [142][143]
95   El Salvador 18 October 2014 [144]
96   Antigua and Barbuda 20 May 2015 [145]
97   Suriname 8 July 2016 [146]
98   Singapore 1 December 2016 [147]
99   Bangladesh 27 February 2017 [148]
100   Barbados 15 February 2018 [149]
101   Israel 4 September 2020 [150]
Notes
  1. ^ In June 2018, following a meeting between Liberian Foreign Minister Gbehzohngar Milton Findley and Serbian Foreign Minister Ivica Dacic, a note from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Liberia was published which stated in part that it "annuls its letter of recognition of Kosovo."[71] A few days latter, Liberia's MFA posted a notice on its website saying that it wished "to refute reports in some international and social media of its revocation of diplomatic relations with the Republic of Kosovo."[72]
  2. ^ In a letter dated 21 November 2017, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Guinea-Bissau informed Kosovo that it had withdrawn its recognition.[104][105][106] On 2 February 2018, Kosovo's MFA announced that it had received a new note verbale from Guinea-Bissau stating that the previous note revoking recognition had no effect.[107][108][non-primary source needed]

Other states and entities

No. Country Date of recognition Ref.
1   Taiwan (Republic of China) 19 February 2008 [151]
2   Cook Islands 18 May 2015 [152]
3   Niue 23 June 2015 [153]

Alleged withdrawn recognition

The Serbian Foreign Ministry claimed in March 2020 that there are eighteen nations that have withdrawn their recognition: Burundi, the Central African Republic, the Comoros, Dominica, Ghana, Grenada, Guinea-Bissau, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Nauru, Palau, Papua New Guinea, São Tomé and Príncipe, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Suriname, and Togo.[154][155][156] In many of those cases, Kosovo's foreign ministry has called it "fake news" and "Serbian propaganda".[157][158][159][160]

Several of these alleged withdrawals have been disputed:

  • Guinea-Bissau withdrew recognition in November 2017, but in 2018 sent a note verbale to the government of Kosovo stating that the previous note revoking recognition had no effect.[108]
  • Just a few days after reports emerged of its withdrawal of recognition in June 2018, the government of Liberia issued a statement "reaffirming bilateral relations with Kosovo" and stating that such reports were false.[161][162]
  • São Tomé and Príncipe never officially recognised Kosovo, according to its former president Manuel Pinto da Costa (see the table below for more info).
  • Suriname recognized the independence of Kosovo on July 8, 2016. On 27 October 2017, the Serbian Foreign Minister at the time, Ivica Dačić, claimed that the recognition was withdrawn on October 27, 2017.[163][164][165][166] Kosovo's Ministry of Foreign Affairs denied having received a verbal note on de-recognition and stated that Kosovo and Suriname maintained friendly relations.[167] On June 10, 2022, Kosovo's Foreign Minister Donika Gërvalla-Schwarz met with her Surinamese counterpart Albert Ramdin, where they talked about enhancing the cooperation between the two countries.[168]
  • On January 21, 2019, the Serbian Foreign Ministry claimed that Palau had withdrawn its recognition of Kosovo. However, on September 23, 2022, the President of Kosovo, Vjosa Osmani, met with Palau's Foreign Minister Gustav Aitaro and both sides reconfirmed their bilateral relations and multilateral cooperation.[169][170][171] In October 2022, Palau's Vice-President Uduch Sengebau Senior made an official visit to Kosovo, where she met with President Osmani, and the sides confirmed their willingness to further deepen their bilateral relations.[172]
  • Ghana recognised the independence of the Republic of Kosovo in 2012. Media reports in 2019 claimed that Ghana had withdrawn recognition of Kosovo. However the 2022 Kosovo Diplomatic List states that the Ghanaian embassy in Ankara, Turkey is accredited to the Republic of Kosovo with the Ganahian ambassador in Ankera being described as "Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary- Non resident in Pristina".[173] The official website of the Kosovo foreign ministry lists Ghana as one of the countries that recognise the independence of Kosovo.[174]
  • The Union of the Comoros recognised the independence of Kosovo in May 2009. In November 2018 it was reported by Russian and Serbian sources that Comoros had withdrawn recognition of Kosovo following a meeting between its foreign minister and Russian foreign minister Sergey Lavrov. In February 2021, former President of Kosovo Behgjet Pacolli released a note verbale from the foreign ministry of Comoros stating that Comoros continues to recognise the independence of Kosovo.[175] The official website of the Kosovo foreign ministry lists Comoros as one of the countries that recognise the independence of Kosovo.[176]
  • There were conflicting reports on whether Oman has recognised Kosovo, or de-recognised it.[177][178] In February 2011, Kosovo announced that it received a note from Oman which stated that it "will welcome Kosovo's membership to the United Nations, as well as to other international and regional organizations" and that the countries had established diplomatic relations.[177] However, in September 2011 Kosovo's deputy Foreign Minister Petrit Selimi stated that "Oman never recognised us".[179] Later that month, Kosovo's Ministry of Foreign Affairs announced that Oman's Foreign Minister Yusuf bin Alawi bin Abdullah had informed them of his country's recognition of Kosovo.[178] Kosovo's chargé d'affaires in Saudi Arabia was quoted in 2012 as saying that Oman had not recognised Kosovo.[180] In September 2022, the foreign ministry of Oman officially issued a press release explicitly stating that the Omani foreign minister had met with the president and foreign minister of the "Republic of Kosovo", implying that Oman does indeed recognise the Republic of Kosovo as an independent state.[181] The foreign ministry of Kosovo lists Oman as one of the countries that have formally recognised the independence of Kosovo[182]
  • Sierra Leone recognised the independence of Kosovo in 2008. In March 2020, Serbian media sources claimed that Sierra Leone had withdrawn recognition. However in November 2022, the Ambassador of Kosovo in the United Arab Emirates hosted his Sierra Leone counterpart and stated that Sierra Leone was one of the first countries to have recognised the independence of Kosovo.[183] The foreign ministry of Kosovo lists Sierra Leone as one of the countries that have formally recognised the independence of Kosovo.[184]

On 13 May 2022, Serbian Foreign Minister Nikola Selaković claimed that four new countries withdrew their recognition of Kosovo without mentioning their names. He further said that President of Serbia Aleksandar Vučić will inform the public which these four states are once he deems it necessary.[185] Director of the Serbian government Office for Kosovo and Metohija Petar Petković stated that 22 countries in total have withdrawn their recognition of Kosovo.[186] Next day, Serbian daily Večernje novosti reported that these four states are from the Caribbean and Africa.[187] However, Serbia's view has to be seen with caution, since Serbia doesn't mention any names and Kosovo's Foreign Minister Donika Gërvalla-Schwarz says that Kosovo hasn't received any new diplomatic notes regarding recognition withdrawal.[188][189] On August 27, Serbia's President claimed during a press conference that number of withdrawals of recognition has grown to 7 countries, and that the names of those countries will be published "when the time comes".[190][191]

No. Country Date of Ref.
Recognition Withdrawal
1   Burundi 16 October 2012 15 February 2018 [192][193][194]
2   Papua New Guinea 3 October 2012 5 July 2018 [195]
3   Lesotho 11 February 2014 16 October 2018 [196][197][198]
4   Comoros 14 May 2009 1 November 2018 [199][200][201][202]
5   Dominica 11 December 2012 2 November 2018 [203][204][205][206]
6   Grenada 25 September 2013 4 November 2018 [207][208]
7   Solomon Islands 13 August 2014 28 November 2018 [209][210]
8   Madagascar 24 November 2017 7 December 2018 [211]
9   Togo 11 July 2014 28 June 2019 [212][213][214]
10   Central African Republic 22 July 2011 24 July 2019 [215][216][217]
11   Ghana 23 January 2012 7 November 2019 [218][219][220][221]
12   Nauru 23 April 2008 13 November 2019 [222][223][224]
13   Sierra Leone 11 June 2008 2 March 2020 [225][226][227][228]

Entities that have not recognised Kosovo as an independent state

Diplomatic recognition is an explicit, official, unilateral act in the foreign policy of states in regards to another party. Not having issued such a statement does not necessarily mean the state has objections to the existence, independence, sovereignty or government of the other party. Some states, by custom or policy, do not extend formal recognitions, on the grounds that a vote for membership in the UN or another organisation whose membership is limited to states is itself an act of recognition.

Member states of the United Nations

A
Country Position
  Algeria
Main article: Algeria–Kosovo relations

In March 2008, Mourad Medelci, Algerian Foreign Minister, stated that while Algeria sympathised with all Muslim countries, it believed that international laws had to be adhered to.[229] A year later, Medelci reaffirmed the Algerian position of Kosovo being an integral part of Serbia.[230]

  Angola

On 23 June 2008, Angolan president José Eduardo dos Santos sent a message to his Serbian counterpart, Boris Tadić, regarding Kosovo's declaration of independence. It reiterated the solidarity of dos Santos and Angola to Serbia in regard to the preservation of its sovereignty and integrity.[231]

  Argentina
Main article: Argentina–Kosovo relations

In February 2008, Argentine Foreign Minister, Jorge Taiana said "if we were to recognize Kosovo, which has declared its independence unilaterally, without an agreement with Serbia, we would set a dangerous precedent that would seriously threaten our chances of a political settlement in the case of the Falkland Islands".[232] He said that Argentina will not recognise it because it "supports the principle of territorial integrity", and he stressed that UNSCR 1244 called for the mutual agreement of both parties to solve the dispute.[233] At the International Court of Justice, the Argentine delegation argued that Kosovo's declaration of independence "breaches the obligation to respect the territorial integrity of Serbia, the obligation of peaceful settlement of disputes and the principle of non-intervention", and that any solution "did not, and could not, abolish Serbia's sovereignty over Kosovo".[234]

  Armenia
Main article: Armenia–Kosovo relations

On 12 March 2008, Armenian president Serzh Sargsyan stated that Armenia's possible recognition of Kosovo's independence would not strain Armenia–Russia relations, but also noted that "Kosovo recognition issue needs serious discussion ... Armenia has always been an adherent to the right of nations to self-determination and in this aspect we welcome Kosovo's independence",[235] but in September 2008 Sargsyan stated that Armenia had not recognized Kosovo's independence.[235][236] On 4 April 2011 Sargsyan said that Armenia would not recognise the independence of Kosovo against Serbia's interests.[237]

  Azerbaijan
Main article: Azerbaijan–Kosovo relations

In February 2008, a spokesman of the Foreign Ministry of Azerbaijan, Khazar Ibrahim, said "We view this illegal act as being in contradiction with international law. Proceeding from this, Azerbaijan's position was clear: it does not recognise [Kosovo's] independence".[238] Azerbaijan has also withdrawn peacekeepers from Kosovo.[239] In 2009, Azerbaijan said, regarding Kosovo, that entities that declare secession while violating the internal laws of the state can not be considered to be states, and that a fait accompli may not be accepted.[240] In May 2010, President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev stated that the proclaimed independence of Kosovo was unilateral and an illegal move.[241]

B
Country Position
  Bahamas
Main article: Bahamas–Kosovo relations

In April 2010, Bahamian Foreign Minister Brent Symonette said "We have considered and continue to consider the situation on the ground on both sides and maintain a status of awaiting the outcome of negotiations between Kosovo and its neighbouring countries before committing support to either of the two countries".[242] On 26 September 2012, the Bahamian Foreign Minister, Frederick A. Mitchell, said that his state had sympathy for the independence of Kosovo, and that the Bahamas would support the state of Kosovo.[243]

  Belarus
Main article: Belarus–Kosovo relations

In February 2008, Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko wrote in a letter to Serbian President Boris Tadić that "Belarus expresses its solidarity with the Serbians' intention to defend their sovereignty and territorial integrity".[244] The National Assembly of Belarus had issued a statement condemning the declaration of independence and encouraged all nations to call the move "illegal" under international law.[245][246]

  Bhutan
Main article: Bhutan–Kosovo relations

On 19 September 2012, the representative of Bhutan to the UN, Lhatu Wangchuk, said that his country was deliberating the issue of Kosovo.[247]

  Bolivia
Main article: Bolivia–Kosovo relations

In February 2008, Bolivian president Evo Morales refused to recognise Kosovo's independence and compared Kosovo separatists to the leaders of four eastern Bolivian states who had demanded greater autonomy from the federal government.[248] In a 4 December 2009 hearing at the ICJ, the Bolivian delegation said that Kosovo was an integral part of Serbia, that the Republic of Kosovo did not exist, and that an "unilateral declaration of independence cannot change the international regime established by the UNSC resolution, or decide the outcome of negotiations".[249]

  Bosnia and Herzegovina
Main article: Bosnia and Herzegovina's reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence
Bosnia and Herzegovina's reaction to Kosovo's independence has been mixed. Bosniak and Croat members of the Presidency want to recognise it, but Serb members refuse it, citing the possibility of secession of Bosnia's Republika Srpska on the same grounds of national self-determination (the Kosovo precedent).[250]
  Botswana
Main article: Botswana–Kosovo relations

In October 2010, Botswana's foreign minister Phandu Skelemani said that Botswana had not yet made a decision on recognition of Kosovo pending a ruling of the European Union, and that Kosovo had promised support in the establishment of a medical school in return for its recognition.[251]

  Brazil
Main article: Brazil–Kosovo relations

Brazil has not recognised the independence of Kosovo, stating that any change should be reached under the auspices of the United Nations and the legal framework of UNSCR 1244.[citation needed]

C
Country Position
  Cambodia
Main article: Cambodia–Kosovo relations

On 6 October 2008, the Europe Department Director at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Cambodia, Kao Samreth, stressed that Cambodia does not wish to encourage secession in any country and therefore does not support the independence of Kosovo. Kao drew parallels to independence claims for South Ossetia and stated that Cambodia would not encourage tension within a country by supporting independence claims.[252]

In February 2009, Secretary of State at Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Cambodia, Ouch Borith, reiterated an earlier Cambodian Ministry of Foreign Affairs statement that Kosovo was a sensitive issue which they are studying carefully. Borith questioned, "if Kosovo is recognized, what about South Ossetia?"[253] In April 2009, it was stated that Cambodia had no plans to file a brief (either supportive of Serbia or Kosovo) in the ICJ case.[254]

  Cameroon
Main article: Cameroon–Kosovo relations
In January 2011, the General Secretary of Cameroon's Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ferdinand Ngoh Ngoh, reportedly said that his government could not deny that Kosovo's independence was irreversible, but that it would have to be careful on how to proceed in order not to create a situation that would damage Cameroon's interests and position in the world.[citation needed] In 2018, Cameroon was one of 51 countries to vote against Kosovo's bid to joint Interpol, effectively blocking it from becoming a member country of the organization.[255]
  Cape Verde In December 2010, Cape Verde's National Director of Political Affairs and Cooperation, José Luis Rocha, said that his country will wait until there was consensus at the United Nations Security Council before considering its position.[256]
  Chile
Main article: Chile–Kosovo relations

In a 27 February 2008 press release, the Foreign Ministry of Chile called on the parties concerned to achieve, by peaceable means, through dialogue and adherence to the international law, a solution that respects the principles and purposes of the United Nations Charter. Chile has declared that it would continue to analyse the discussions that have taken place both in the United Nations Security Council and in the Council of Ministers of the European Union.[257]

  China
Main article: China's reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence
China supports Serbia's position on Kosovo, seeing parallels to its own claim on the nation of Taiwan.[258]
  Democratic Republic of the Congo
Main article: Democratic Republic of the Congo–Kosovo relations
  Republic of the Congo
  Cuba

On 29 February 2008, writing in his personal "Reflections of Fidel" column, which was published in the official newspaper of the Communist Party of Cuba, Granma Internacional, Fidel Castro accused Javier Solana of being the ideological father of Kosovo's "independence" (Castro's quotes) and, by doing so, of putting at risk the ethnic cohesion and the very state integrity of Spain or the UK, both of which experienced separatist movements of their own.[259]

  Cyprus
Main article: Cyprus–Kosovo relations

On 11 February 2008, the Cypriot Foreign Minister Erato Kozakou-Marcoullis, stated that "Cyprus will never recognize a unilateral declaration of independence outside the U.N. framework, and in particular by side-stepping the role of the Security Council".[260] This stance was reiterated in October 2009 by The President of Cyprus Dimitris Christofias, who said Cyprus would not recognise Kosovo, even if all other EU members did so.[261]

E
Country Position
  Ecuador
Main article: Ecuador–Kosovo relations

In response to a request from the University of Oxford regarding the analysis of developments related to the independence of Kosovo, in August 2008 the Ecuadorian Foreign Ministry stated that there should be "unrestricted compliance with the rules and principles of the United Nations Charter and International Law".[262]

  Equatorial Guinea
Main article: Equatorial Guinea–Kosovo relations

On 1 September 2010, Equatorial Guinea's Permanent Representative to the UN, Anatolio Ndong Mba, said during a press conference that his country's foreign policy favours Kosovo's independence.[263] In September 2011, the President of Equatorial Guinea, Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, is reported to have responded positively to a request for recognition by Kosovo.[264] During a visit of Teodoro Nguema Obiang Mangue to Belgrade on 8 June 2022, it was stated that Equatorial Guinea has not changed its position about not recognizing Kosovo.[265]

  Eritrea
Main article: Eritrea–Kosovo relations

On 4 September 2008, the Director of the Euro-Americas Division at the Eritrean Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Tsehaye Fassil, said that his Government had not decided whether it would recognise Kosovo's independence.[266]

  Ethiopia
Main article: Ethiopia–Kosovo relations
In January 2009, Ethiopia's Ambassador to Austria reportedly stated that the Ethiopian government would come to a decision over the recognition of Kosovo "at the right time".[267] According to Serbia, Skënder Hyseni, Kosovo's Foreign Minister, and other members of his delegation were denied entry into Ethiopia in January 2010. They allegedly wanted to attend an African Union summit in order to lobby African nations to recognise Kosovo. The Serbian Foreign Minister, Vuk Jeremić, said that their visas were denied after pressure by the Serbian government. Jeremić, who attended the summit, thanked his Ethiopian counterpart for denying the visas and supporting Serbia's cause. However, Kosovo's Foreign Ministry denies that they submitted any requests for visas.[268] In December 2014, amid a diplomatic dispute with Serbia, Ethiopia threatened to recognise Kosovo.[269]
G
Country Position
  Georgia
Main article: Georgia–Kosovo relations

The Foreign Minister of Georgia, David Bakradze, said on 18 February 2008 that Tbilisi would not recognise Kosovo's independence,.[270][271][272] On 29 March 2008 the prime minister, Lado Gurgenidze, gave a recorded interview in Estonia, in which he clearly said in English that as Georgia's friends have recognised Kosovo, it was only natural that eventually Georgia would do likewise. The printed publication of the interview elicited demands by the opposition to impeach him, and the government spokesman stated that the prime minister was misinterpreted, after which the Estonian paper Postimees, which conducted and printed the interview, released the audio publicly.[273]

  Greece
Main article: Greece's reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence
As of 2022, Greece does not recognise the independence of Kosovo. In 2018, Greece was one of 51 countries that voted against Kosovo's bid to join Interpol.[255]
  Guatemala
Main article: Guatemala–Kosovo relations

In March 2008, the Guatemalan Foreign Minister, Haroldo Rodas, had said that he had objected to the recognition of Kosovo in deference to Russian concerns.

At a meeting on 26 March 2009 with Kosovo's Foreign Minister, Skënder Hyseni, the Ambassador of Guatemala to the UN, Gert Rosenthal, said that his country's government was carefully studying the developments in Kosovo, and the ongoing preparations to present a case to the ICJ. He also said that Guatemala was working with others in Latin America to reach a decision.[274]

I
Country Position
  India
Main article: India–Kosovo relations

India has consistently refused to recognise the independence of Kosovo.

  Indonesia
Main article: Indonesia's reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence
Indonesia's reaction to Kosovo's independence has been mixed. In 2018, Indonesia was one of 51 countries that voted against Kosovo's bid to join Interpol.[255]
  Iran

On 13 March 2008, Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad said that Iran, after considering the region's issues and conditions, had not recognized the independence of Kosovo.[275]

  Iraq
Main article: Iraq–Kosovo relations

At a meeting on 28 May 2009 with Kosovo's Foreign Minister, Skënder Hyseni, the representative of Iraq to the UN, Hamid Al Bayati, reportedly said that Kosovo deserves to be recognised by other states and that Iraq's decision to recognise would come at a suitable time.[276]

J
Country Position
  Jamaica

The Jamaican Government in 2009 refused a request from the United States to recognise Kosovo. On 23 July 2009 the Under Secretary for Multilateral Affairs at the Jamaican Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade, Ambassador Vilma McNish, indicated that she expected no change in the government of Jamaica's decision not to extend formal diplomatic recognition to Kosovo.[277][278] Following April 2010 meetings with Jamaican officials, Serbian Foreign Minister Vuk Jeremić stated that Serbia could count on Jamaica's continued support in the "preservation of its sovereignty and territorial integrity".[279] On 20 February 2020, the president of Kosovo Hashim Thaçi issued a statement on Twitter thanking Jamaica for recognizing Kosovo as a sovereign and independent country. However, this was denied by Jamaica's Minister of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade Kamina Johnson-Smith the same day.[280][281][282]

K
Country Position
  Kazakhstan Kazakhstan has opposed the independence of Kosovo and has taken Serbia's position on the issue. In December 2008, Kazakh prime minister Karim Masimov stated that "We have an official position. Kazakhstan did not recognise Kosovo and does not recognise Abkhazia and South Ossetia. We consider that borders are defined and Kazakhstan will not recognise any new states".[283]

In 2022, during a public discussion at the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum, Kazakh president Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, while stating that Kazakhstan would not recognise the independence of breakaway states of Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics in Eastern Ukraine, also stated that Kazakhstan will also not recognise the independence of Kosovo and other states with limited recognition, claiming that "if the right to self-determination is put into practice all over the world, then there would be chaos."[284]

  Kenya
Main article: Kenya–Kosovo relations

At a meeting on 30 July 2008 between Kenyan and Serbian Foreign Ministers, Moses Wetangula and Vuk Jeremić, Wetangula spoke of Kenya's principled position regarding Kosovo and the territorial integrity of Serbia.[285] Following a September 2010 meeting with Kenyan politicians, Albanian prime minister Sali Berisha said that Kenya had promised to decide positively regarding recognition of Kosovo.[286]

  North Korea

In March 2017, North Korean Ambassador Ri Pyong Du visited Belgrade and affirmed North Korean support for Serbia's territorial integrity.[287]

  Kyrgyzstan

In February 2008, a statement issued by Kyrgyz Foreign Ministry stated that Kyrgyzstan would not recognise Kosovo's independence and considered it a dangerous precedent for separatist organisations in the world.[288][289]

L
Country Position
  Laos

On 27 February 2008, the Lao Foreign Ministry issued a statement saying that "The Lao PDR urged all sides to respect the resolution of the UN Security Council No 1244, dated 10 June 1999, recognizing Kosovo as a Serbian province".[290]

  Lebanon
Main article: Kosovo–Lebanon relations

On 29 November 2018, Lebanese Foreign Minister Gebran Bassil visited Belgrade and affirmed in a joint press conference with his Serbian counterpart, Ivica Dačić, that Lebanon supported "the sovereignty and territorial integrity" of Serbia.[291][292]

M
Country Position
  Mali
Main article: Kosovo–Mali relations

Following the August 2012 publication of a note verbale recognising Kosovo's independence, purportedly signed by acting President of Mali, Dioncounda Traoré,[293] state run media in Mali issued a statement in which the Presidency of Mali denied recognising Kosovo and claimed that the document was a fabrication.[294] Pacolli claimed that the Malian Army, who had recently seized control of the state in a coup d'état due to dissatisfaction over the governments handling of their own separatist uprising in Azawad, had intervened to reverse the recognition granted by the civilian president.[295] On Pacolli's return to Mali to seek clarification on the issue, state leaders promised to reconfirm their recognition.[296]

  Mauritius On 8 May 2008, Mauritian Secretary General for Foreign Affairs, Anand Neewoor, stated that the Government of Mauritius would not recognise Kosovo any time soon because of their concerns that it would have implications for their "fight to regain the Chagos Islands". On 28 August 2008, Patrice Cure, head of the Multilateral Division at the Mauritian Foreign Ministry, indicated no willingness by his government to reconsider its stance on Kosovo, continuing to hold the line connecting Kosovo to Chagos issues.[297] In June 2009, the Mauritian prime minister, Navin Ramgoolam reportedly called the US embassy in Port Louis to say that he had decided that Mauritius would recognise Kosovo, despite opposition from his foreign ministry,[298] though the recognition did not take place.
  Mexico On 19 February 2008, the Mexican Secretariat of Foreign Affairs issued a statement saying that Mexico was closely paying attention to the situation as it develops in order to adopt, at an opportune moment, a position on the declaration of independence. The same statement called on all parties to agree peacefully, through dialogue, on the final status of Kosovo and to reach an agreement on the rights of minorities and the maintenance of peace and security in the Balkans.[299] Mexican government officials have since then repeatedly underlined that Mexico does not intend to recognise Kosovo.[300]
  Moldova Kosovo's declaration creates "deep concerns in the Republic of Moldova," the Moldovan government said in a February 2008 statement. Moldova will not recognise Kosovo's independence.[301] In December 2013, Moldovan Defence Minister Vitalie Marinuta stated on a visit to Serbia that Moldova will not recognise Kosovo.[302]
  Mongolia On 8 May 2009, Kosovo's president Fatmir Sejdiu met Nyamaa Enkhbold, the Mongolian Deputy Parliament Speaker, to request recognition of Kosovo by Mongolia. Mr. Enkhbold reportedly promised to deal with the request once he had returned home.[303]

In a 17 July 2012 meeting with Kosovo's deputy prime minister, Edita Tahiri, both the Mongolian president and the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj and Gombojav Zandanshatar, said that Mongolia would consider recognising the independence of Kosovo. Elbegdorj promised that Mongolia would seriously consider recognising the independence of Kosovo in the very near future, and has a very high appreciation for the movement of the people of Kosovo for freedom and independence. Zandanshatar promised that his country would deliberate the issue of recognising Kosovo's independence.[304]

  Morocco
Main article: Kosovo–Morocco relations

In June 2011, Moroccan government representatives explained that they had difficulty in recognising Kosovo due to the political context of Western Sahara.[305]

  Mozambique In February 2008, Mozambican Deputy Foreign Minister Henrique Banze said in reference to Kosovo's declaration of independence, "We shall wait for the appropriate moment. It's a very sensitive matter and like all matters of this kind, it demands a lot of thought. Our government will work so that it may make the most appropriate decision in this case".[306] In November 2008 Mozambique's ambassador to the UN, Filipe Chidumo, stated that his government is monitoring developments, and that it "understands Kosovo's people's will for freedom and independence".[307]

At a meeting on 18 June 2009 with Kosovo's Foreign Minister, Skënder Hyseni, Ambassador Chidumo reportedly said that the issue of Kosovo continues to remain on Mozambique's agenda and that he would resubmit the request for recognition to his government.[308]

In September 2012, Mozambique's Minister for Foreign Affairs and Co-Operation, Oldemiro Julio Marques Baloi, said that his government would reconsider recognising Kosovo.[309]

  Myanmar In January 2014, it was reported that Myanmar's Ministry of Foreign Affairs had sent a note to officials in Kosovo informing them of that they had recognised Kosovo's independence. However, Pacolli and Hoxhaj quickly denied that they had received any such note.[310]
N
Country Position
  Namibia In September 2010, following talks with Namibian officials, Serbian Foreign Minister Vuk Jeremić stated that Namibia has no intentions of recognising Kosovo. The Foreign Minister of Namibia Utoni Nujoma said that the most important thing was to continue to search for a peaceful solution to the problem of Kosovo and that the opportunities should be sought for reconciliation between nations in the Balkans.[311]
    Nepal A leaked 2009 cable from the US embassy in Kathmandu states that during a meeting with US Assistant Secretary Richard Boucher, the Foreign Secretary of Nepal, Gyan Chandra Acharya, said that the Government of Nepal had yet to decide if it would recognise the independence of Kosovo. Acharya acknowledged that Nepal understood the US interest in Kosovo's recognition but could not make a decision at the time because of regional sensitivities.[312]
  Nicaragua In February 2008, Nicaragua's Foreign Minister, Samuel Santos, said that his country maintained a position of "observation" to the unilateral declaration of independence of Kosovo. "Nicaragua is watching the issue of Kosovo's independence, we have friends who are in agreement with this independence and other friends who disagree, there are some who are saying that [independence] is a threat to peace in that tender area. We just look at [this case and] we have no opinion on this issue."[313]
  Nigeria
Main article: Nigeria’s reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence

In July 2009, Umaru Yar'Adua, President of Nigeria, said that Nigeria will not recognise Kosovo as an independent nation. He said the decision not to recognise Kosovo was informed by Nigeria's historical experience of the civil war of 1967 to 1970.[314]

P
Country Position
  Paraguay In February 2008, the Ministry of Foreign Relations of Paraguay published a statement saying that Paraguay took note of the independence declaration and was analysing the situation.[315]

In April 2010, it was reported that the Paraguayan president had told Kosovan pilot James Berisha, who was on an awareness-raising journey around Central and South America, that Paraguay had already recognised Kosovo's independence but had not made this known so as not to jeopardise their relationship with Russia.[316][better source needed]

  Philippines In February 2008, Foreign Affairs Secretary Alberto Romulo said in a statement: "Considering the existing sensibilities in the region, continued dialogue should be encouraged among all the parties concerned to ensure regional stability". He also said the Philippines was not willing to recognise Kosovo as an independent nation.[317] On 19 February 2008, Romulo stated that recognition could complicate peace talks with Muslim separatists in Mindanao. He said that "while the Philippines does not oppose the idea of independence for Kosovo, it would prefer a settlement ... taking into account the internationally accepted principles of sovereignty and territorial integrity".[318]

In a November 2012 meeting with Kosovo's Foreign Minister, Enver Hoxhaj, Foreign Affairs Undersecretary, Rafael E. Seguis, pledged support for Kosovo, saying that his country has full understanding for the independence of Kosovo and that he would consider the request for recognition.[319]

R
Country Position
  Romania
Main article: Romania's reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence
On 18 February 2008, a joint session of the Parliament of Romania voted not to recognise Kosovo's independence by 357 to 27, with support from all parties except the UDMR. Furthermore, the President and the Prime Minister opposed recognition.[320][321] Still, in May 2015 Prime Minister Victor Ponta stated that "in 2008, Romania decided not to recognize Kosovo. However, things have changed since then. Governments have changed and some new decision on the recognition of Kosovo could be made... because many things have changed in Kosovo since 2008".[322]
  Russia
Main article: Russia's reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence
Russia has strongly opposed Kosovo's independence. But in 2014, when it recognised the Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Crimea, Russia's Ministry of Foreign Affairs cited Kosovo's declaration and the ICJ decision as evidence that unilateral declarations of independence are not inconsistent with international law[323] (the Kosovo independence precedent).
  Rwanda On 11 February 2009, the Director of International Organisations at Rwanda's Foreign Ministry, Ben Rutsinga, said that the African Union had no unified position on Kosovo independence and that Rwanda would not reach an "individual determination" in advance of such a unified position.[324] On 18 September 2009, the Rwandan Foreign Minister, Rosemary Museminali, said that some countries would be likely to criticise a Rwandan recognition of Kosovo, accusing Rwanda of taking that stance in order to lay the basis for a similar breakaway by parts of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. She added that the Government of Kosovo had requested a meeting with her but she had not responded.[325]
S
Country Position
  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines In February 2008, when asked about Kosovo, the Prime Minister of St. Vincent & the Grenadines, Ralph Gonsalves, said that "if the people of a country want independence, then I think they should have it".[326]

At a meeting in August 2011 with U.S. Representative, Eliot Engel, both St. Vincent & the Grenadines' Prime Minister and Foreign Minister, Ralph Gonsalves and Louis Straker, took on board the case for recognition of Kosovo and promised to review the issue.[327]

  São Tomé and Príncipe In March 2012, São Tomé and Príncipe's Council of Ministers under then Prime Minister Patrice Trovoada adopted a resolution recognising Kosovo's independence.[328] In January 2013, President Manuel Pinto da Costa issued a communication stating that the recognition was invalid as he had not been consulted on the decision, as required by the country's Constitution.[329][330][331][332] New Prime Minister Gabriel Costa said that the process of recognition was an anomalous situation.[333] Kosovo Foreign Minister, Enver Hoxhaj, insisted that the recognition remains valid.[334] First Deputy Prime Minister of Kosovo Behgjet Pacolli said that he received a note verbale recognising Kosovo from Trovoada and that it was a closed issue.[335]
  Serbia See above
  Seychelles In September 2012, the Seychelles' Foreign Minister, Jean-Paul Adam, said that his country was not against Kosovo's independence, and that formal recognition would occur very soon.[336][337] In September 2014, Adam said that Seychelles would consider the recognition of Kosovo with utmost seriousness.[338]
  Slovakia
Main article: Slovakia's reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence
Slovakia has not recognised Kosovo, but has given indications that its stance could change in the future, especially if independence will be agreed with Serbia.[citation needed]
  South Africa
Main article: South Africa's reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence
South Africa's reaction to the independence of Kosovo has been mixed.[citation needed]
  South Sudan
Main article: Kosovo–South Sudan relations

In July 2011, Kosovo's First deputy prime minister, Behgjet Pacolli, was invited to attend South Sudan's independence ceremony.[339] In September 2013 the Foreign Minister of South Sudan, Barnaba Marial Benjamin, confirmed that the recognition of Kosovo was a matter of time.[340]

  Spain
Main article: Spain's reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence
Spain has been the only major country in Western Europe that has not recognised Kosovo, originally because of objections to the legality of its unilateral declaration of independence under international law, and also due to concerns about possible implications regarding its own issues with domestic independence movements.[17] Although it has given indications that its stance may change,[citation needed] increasing political tensions make it unlikely that Spain will soften its current position. In 2022, Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez reaffirmed Spain's nonrecognition of Kosovo, stating that their declaration of independence violated international law.[341]
  Sri Lanka
Main article: Kosovo–Sri Lanka relations

In February 2008, the Foreign Ministry of Sri Lanka called Kosovo's declaration of independence a violation of the UN Charter and emphasised its concern that the act "could set an unmanageable precedent in the conduct of international relations, the established global order of sovereign States and could thus pose a grave threat to international peace and security".[342]

  Sudan At the summit of the OIC on 10 March 2008, Sudan opposed adoption of the document, proposed by Turkey, that would lend support to Kosovo's declaration of independence.[343] On 28 August 2008, Sudan's envoy to the UN Abdelmahmood Abdelhaleem stated that his government remains opposed to the independence of Kosovo.[344]
  Syria On 13 May 2009, Syria's ambassador to Serbia, Majed Shadoud, reported that Syrian president Bashar al-Assad told Serbian Foreign Minister Vuk Jeremić that his country continues to oppose the recognition of the independence of Kosovo. Shadoud quoted al-Assad as saying "Syria urges a political solution for the situation in the Balkans and the Middle East and is opposed to any kind of divisions in both regions, regardless of whether religious, ethnic or nationalist reasons are in question".[345]

In April 2012 a Syrian opposition delegation (Syrian National Council) led by Ammar Abdulhamid visited Pristina and promised to recognise Kosovo immediately if they triumph in Syria.[346]

T
Country Position
  Tajikistan In February 2008, the Chairman of the International Affairs Committee of the Tajik Assembly of Representatives, Asomudin Saidov, stated that Tajikistan will not recognise Kosovo's independence as it considers it to be the violation of legal norms and a danger for Europe.[347] According to leaked US cables, Tajikistan does not want to take a position on Kosovo due to concerns with the precedent for Abkhazia and South Ossetia.[348]
  Trinidad and Tobago On 20 February 2008, Trinidad and Tobago's Foreign Minister Paula Gopee-Scoon took a positive stance and promised the US Ambassador that she would pursue the matter of Kosovo's recognition.[349]

At a meeting on 25 March 2009 with Kosovo's Foreign Minister, Skënder Hyseni, the Ambassador of Trinidad and Tobago to the UN, Maria Annette Valere, said that her country knows how important the process of international recognition is for Kosovo, and that the government of Trinidad and Tobago would address the request for recognition in the near future.[350]

  Tunisia
Main article: Kosovo–Tunisia relations

At a meeting in October 2012 with Albanian Foreign Minister and Chairman of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, Edmond Panariti, the Tunisian Foreign Minister, Rafik Abdessalem, said that his government was seriously considering the issue of the recognition of Kosovo.[351]

  Turkmenistan In a September 2010 meeting with Albanian prime minister Sali Berisha, Turkmen president Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow said that his country would consider the recognition of Kosovo at the right time.[352]
U
Country Position
  Uganda
Main article: Kosovo–Uganda relations

In February 2008, a senior Ugandan official said that the Ugandan government was carefully studying Kosovo's declaration of independence before it makes a decision to recognise it as a state or not.[353][354]

  Ukraine
Main article: Ukraine's reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence
Ukraine has, as of August 2020, not recognised the independence of Kosovo. On 6 August 2022, a resolution was presented in the Verkhovna Rada by the European Solidarity party which would recognise Kosovo as an independent state if passed.[355][356]
  Uruguay According to Últimas Noticias, in March 2008 "Uruguay has not recognised Kosovo's declaration of independence, because doing so would not be in accordance with its required three pillars of recognition: the principle of territorial integrity of states, achieving a solution through dialogue and consensus, and recognition by international organisations."[357]

On 27 September 2010, Uruguayan Deputy Foreign Minister Roberto Conde, stated that Uruguay would never recognise the independence of Kosovo.[358]

  Uzbekistan In February 2008, the Uzbek government stated that questions of independence should be decided in the UN assembly. As for Kosovo, Uzbekistan has yet to come up with a final position.[359]
V
Country Position
  Venezuela
Main article: Kosovo–Venezuela relations

In February 2008, Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez announced that Venezuela does not recognise Kosovo's independence on the grounds that it has been achieved through United States pressure.[248] On 24 March 2008, Chávez accused Washington of trying to "weaken Russia" by supporting independence for Kosovo. He called Kosovo's prime minister Hashim Thaçi, a "terrorist" put in power by the United States.[360]

  Vietnam In February 2008, the Vietnamese UN Ambassador Le Luong Minh "reaffirmed Vietnam policy that the fact that Kosovo's unilateral declaration of independence is not a correct implementation of the U.N. Security Council Resolution 1244 and that will only complicate the situation in Kosovo and the Balkan region".[361]

In a 23 February 2011 meeting with Serbian Foreign Minister Vuk Jeremić, Vietnamese deputy prime minister, Pham Gia Khiem, reaffirmed Vietnam's position of supporting "Kosovo-related issues under the United Nations Security Council's decree to gain comprehensive measures in terms of respecting national sovereignty and territorial integrity, and assuring the benefits of involved nations".[362] In a 24 November 2011 meeting with Albanian deputy prime minister and Foreign Minister, Edmond Haxhinasto, Vietnam's Foreign Minister, Pham Binh Minh, said that Vietnam was following the developments in Kosovo, and that Serbia and Kosovo should continue the dialogue to find common ground that will be acceptable to both parties.[363]

Z
Country Position
  Zambia
Main article: Zambia–Kosovo relations

In March 2008, Zambian Foreign Minister, Kabinga Pande, said that Zambia had not decided its position on the declaration of Kosovo's independence. Pande said the government needed more time to analyse the matter.[364] According to leaked US cables, Zambia did not want to take a position on Kosovo due to concerns with the precedent for the Lozi tribe, an ethnic group primarily inhabiting western Zambia, which had an active separatist movement for independence from Zambia.[365][non-primary source needed]

  Zimbabwe In April 2011, Claudius Nhema, Deputy Director of Protocol in the Foreign Ministry of Zimbabwe, reportedly told Kosovan pilot James Berisha that Zimbabwe would be considering Kosovo's recognition, but that they should wait for a recommendation from the Zimbabwean UN representative who should bring it to the Foreign Ministry after which it would be taken to Parliament for ratification.[366]

In February 2013, the then Prime Minister of Zimbabwe, Morgan Tsvangirai, said that he would consider recognising Kosovo.[367]

Other states and entities

Country Position
  Abkhazia In February 2008 Abkhazian de facto president Sergei Bagapsh, regarded "the promotion of Kosovo by the U.S.A. and some European states towards the declaration of independence as a visible demonstration of the policy of double standards". "Why does not the world community put any attention to the violent actions against ethnic minorities living in Kosovo..., the lack of interethnic reconciliation...", Bagapsh noted. "We are solidly convinced of the fact that [now] we have got an even wider moral base for the recognition of our independence."[368] On 5 September 2008, the Abkhazian Foreign Minister Sergei Shamba said he was ready to recognise Kosovo's independence, "if Kosovo agrees to recognize our own (Abkhazia) independence, we will certainly recognize them as well".[369][370]
  Artsakh In February 2008, Georgiy Petrosyan, Foreign Minister of the Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh, said that he does not regard the conflict between his motherland and Azerbaijan, and the conflict between Kosovo and Serbia as completely similar. He noted that "approaches and solutions, which have recommended themselves while regulating one problem, can be used when looking for a solution to another one". Petrosyan stated that "the recognition of independent Kosovo will become an additional factor strengthening the status of [the] Stepanakert government" that he represents.[371] On 12 March 2008 following Kosovo's declaration of independence, the National Assembly of Nagorno-Karabakh adopted a statement calling on the world's parliaments to be consistent in their recognition of states established on the basis of the right for self-determination and not to use double standards. The statement commended the stance of the international community respecting the human and civil rights of the majority of Kosovo's population.[372]
In December 2011, it was reported that Vasily Atajanyan, the acting foreign minister of Nagorno-Karabakh, had said that Nagorno-Karabakh would recognise Kosovo if recognition were reciprocated. In response, Enver Hoxhaj, Foreign Minister of Kosovo, said that Kosovo can only have formal relations with members of the UN.[373]
   Holy See
Main article: Holy See's reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence
The Holy See does not recognise Kosovo and supports the territorial respect and integrity of Serbia and per UN 1244, part of agreement with Eastern Orthodox Church, and this has led to a warming of Holy See-Serbia relations.[374] The Cardinal Walter Kasper, President of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity, stated that the Holy See had not recognised the independence of Kosovo and did not intend to do so in the future.[375][376]
  Northern Cyprus In February 2008, the President of Northern Cyprus Mehmet Ali Talat welcomed Kosovo's independence, but a presidential spokesman said that the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus was not planning to recognise Kosovo.[377][378][379]
  Palestine In February 2008, two senior Palestinian officials representing the Mahmoud Abbas West Bank-controlling government, who also are part of the team negotiating with Israel, disagreed on what the Kosovo events implied for Palestine. Yasser Abed Rabbo said, "If things are not going in the direction of continuous and serious negotiations, then we should take the step and announce our independence unilaterally. Kosovo is not better than us. We deserve independence even before Kosovo, and we ask for the backing of the United States and the European Union for our independence". Saeb Erekat responded that the Palestine Liberation Organization had already declared independence in 1988. "Now we need real independence, not a declaration," said Erekat, "We need real independence by ending the occupation. We are not Kosovo. We are under Israeli occupation and for independence we need to acquire independence".[380]
During a July 2009 state visit to Serbia, President of the Palestinian National Authority, Mahmoud Abbas, when discussing both the situations in the Middle East and Kosovo said, "We are looking for a way to resolve these problems in a peaceful way, by upholding international law. We cannot impose solutions nor can we accept imposed solutions. That is why we must negotiate".[381][382]
In September 2011, during the meeting of Foreign Ministers of the Non-Aligned Movement summit in Belgrade, the Palestinian Ambassador to the UN Riyad Mansour said that Palestine was a "typical foreign occupation which cannot be compared to the issue of Kosovo" as confirmed by international law and the UN.[383][384]
  Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic The Polisario Front, which governs the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, has stated that the speedy recognition of Kosovo's independence by many countries shows the double standards of the international community, considering that the Western Sahara issue remains unsolved after three decades.[385]
  Somaliland In 2010, the President of Somaliland, Ahmed Mahamoud Silanyo, said, "We are heartened by Kosovo and what's happened to Southern Sudan that means it opens the door for us. The principle that countries should remain as they were at the time of independence has changed so why should it not work for us as well".[386]
  South Ossetia In February 2008, the South Ossetian de facto president, Eduard Kokoity, stated that it is not fair to compare this breakaway region with Kosovo because South Ossetians have far more right to a state of their own than Kosovo Albanians. He said that "Kosovo Albanians got independence after NATO's aggression on Serbia. Americans and NATO member countries took away Serbia's province. I feel sincerely for the Serb people," and that "Serbs had a well-organized state that provided for a normal life for Albanians. For this reason, what Americans have done to the Serbs was injustice".[387]
  Transnistria Transnistria has no policy towards Kosovo, but the Transnistrian Foreign Ministry has said that "The declaration and recognition of Kosovo are of fundamental importance, since thereby a new conflict settlement model has been established, based on the priority of people's right to self-determination. Pridnestrovie [Transnistria] holds that this model should be applicable to all conflicts which have similar political, legal, and economic bases".[388]

Positions taken by intergovernmental organisations

Main article: Membership of Kosovo in international organizations

Intergovernmental organisations do not themselves diplomatically recognise any state; their member states do so individually. However, depending on the intergovernmental organisation's rules of internal governance and the positions of their member states, they may express positive or negative opinions as to declarations of independence, or choose to offer or withhold membership to a partially recognised state.

International organisation Position
  Arab League In May 2009, the Secretary General of the Arab League, Amr Moussa, welcomed a request by Kosovo's Foreign Minister, Skënder Hyseni, to establish regular communications.[389] At a meeting on 18 June 2009 with Hyseni, the representative of the Arab League to the UN, Yahya A. Mahmassani, said that the Kosovo issue was being discussed at the Arab League, and that there would be gradual movement towards recognition as most Arab states are supportive of Kosovo.[308]
Member states (13 / 22)

Algeria • Bahrain † • Comoros • Djibouti † • Egypt † • Iraq • Jordan † • Kuwait † • Lebanon • Libya † • Mauritania † • Morocco • Oman † • Palestine • Qatar † • Saudi Arabia † • Somalia † • Sudan • Syria • Tunisia • United Arab Emirates † • Yemen †

 † – Have recognised Kosovo.
  Caribbean Community (CARICOM) In August 2010, Albanian Parliament Speaker Jozefina Topalli received a letter from the chairman of the Grenadian Parliament, George J. McGuire, stating that CARICOM members would soon make a joint decision on the recognition of Kosovo.[390]
On 19 August 2011, it was reported that the CARICOM members had made a joint decision to recognise Kosovo, but that each state would announce official recognition separately.[391]
Member states (9 / 15)

Antigua and Barbuda † • Bahamas • Barbados † • Belize † • Dominica • Grenada • Guyana † • Haiti † • Jamaica • Montserrat ‡ • Saint Kitts and Nevis † • Saint Lucia † • Saint Vincent and the Grenadines • Suriname;† • Trinidad and Tobago

 † – Have recognised Kosovo.
 ‡ – British Overseas Territory; the UK (which recognises Kosovo) represents its foreign affairs.
  Council of Europe (CoE) Kosovo plans to apply for membership in the CoE since it considers that it fulfills the statutory requirements to do so. If Kosovo receives positive votes from 2/3 of the member countries, it will be admitted to the CoE. Kosovo has already been recognised by 2/3 of the CoE members, thus it should be able to join the organisation.[392][393][394]
In May 2012, the Chairman of the Committee of Ministers of the CoE, Edmond Haxhinasto, pledged to work for a stronger role for Kosovo during the Albanian chairmanship of the Council.[395] Haxhinasto added that Kosovo would in the near future be a part of the family of states of the Council of Europe.[396] However, the Secretary-General of the CoE, Thorbjørn Jagland, commented that membership of Kosovo depends on the willingness of members.[397]
The Council of Europe Development Bank's board of directors voted in favour of Kosovo's membership on 14 June 2013 during their meeting in Malta.[398]
In June 2014, Kosovo became a member state of the Venice Commission, an advisory body of the Council of Europe.[399]
Member states (34 / 46)

Albania † • Andorra † • Armenia • Austria † • Azerbaijan • Belgium † • Bosnia and Herzegovina • Bulgaria † • Croatia † • Cyprus • Czech Republic † • Denmark † • Estonia † • Finland † • France † • Georgia • Germany † • Greece • Hungary † • Iceland † • Ireland † • Italy † • Latvia † • Liechtenstein † • Lithuania † • Luxembourg † • Malta † • Moldova • Monaco † • Montenegro † • Netherlands † • North Macedonia † • Norway † • Poland † • Portugal † • Romania • San Marino † • Serbia • Slovakia • Slovenia † • Spain • Sweden † • Switzerland † • Turkey † • Ukraine • United Kingdom †

 † – Have recognised Kosovo.
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) A resolution, agreeing to the membership of Kosovo in the EBRD, was approved by its Board of Governors on 16 November 2012, providing that, by 17 December 2012, it has completed the necessary internal procedures.[400][401] On 8 February 2013, Kosovo's Foreign Minister, Enver Hoxhaj, and the President of EBRD, Suma Chakrabarti, signed an agreement on economic cooperation and activities.[402]
  European Union (EU) The EU, like other IGOs, does not possess the legal capacity to diplomatically recognise any state; member states do so individually. The majority of member states have recognised Kosovo. To articulate a common EU policy of either support or opposition to Kosovo's independence would require unanimity on the subject from all 27 member states, which does not presently exist. On 18 February 2008, the EU officially stated that it would "take note" of the resolution of the Kosovo assembly.[403] The EU sent a EULEX mission to Kosovo, which included a special representative and 2,000 police and judicial personnel.[404][405]
Although the European Parliament has not been formally vested with the authority to shape the EU's foreign policy, it was seen to be expressing its acceptance of Kosovan independence when it hosted the Kosovan Assembly in an interparliamentary meeting on 30 May 2008. This was also the first time Kosovo's flag was officially hoisted at an EU institution.[406][407] On 5 February 2009, the European Parliament adopted a resolution that encouraged all EU member states to recognise Kosovo. The resolution also welcomed the successful deployment of EULEX across Kosovo, and rejected the possibility of Kosovo's partition. It was passed with 424 voted in favour, and 133 against. Some Romanian and Communist representatives called for a new international conference on Kosovo's status or to allow the northern part of the country to join Serbia.[408][409]
On 8 July 2010, the European Parliament adopted a resolution welcoming "the recognition by all Member States of the independence of Kosovo", and stating that EU member states should "step up their common approach towards Kosovo". The resolution rejected the possibility of a partition of Kosovo.[410]
On 29 March 2012, the European Parliament adopted a resolution that urged the five EU member states that had not recognised Kosovo's independence to do so.[411]
Member states (22 / 27) Candidates (4 / 5)

Austria † • Belgium † • Bulgaria † • Cyprus • Croatia † • Czech Republic † • Denmark † • Estonia † • Finland † • France † • Germany † • Greece • Hungary † • Ireland † • Italy † • Latvia † • Lithuania † • Luxembourg † • Malta † • Netherlands † • Poland † • Portugal † • Romania • Slovakia • Slovenia † • Spain • Sweden †
Candidates: Albania † • Montenegro † • North Macedonia † • Serbia • Turkey †

 Bold – Presiding the Council of the European Union at time of declaration
 † – Have recognised Kosovo.
International Monetary Fund (IMF) On 15 July 2008, the IMF issued a statement saying "It has been determined that Kosovo has seceded from Serbia as a new independent state and that Serbia is the continuing state," thus acknowledging the separation of Kosovo from Serbia.[412] After their membership was approved in a secret ballot by 108 states,[413] Kosovo signed the IMF's Articles of Agreement on 29 June 2009 to become a full member of the fund.[414][415]
Interpol To become a member of Interpol, a country would need the votes of 2/3 of Interpol's 194 members. Kosovo has tried to join Interpol on three different occasions, most recently in November 2018, when it received positive votes from 68 countries, falling short of the two-thirds majority needed.[416]
International Organization for Migration (IOM) At a meeting on 30 March 2012 with Kosovo's Deputy Foreign Minister, Petrit Selimi, deputy director of the IOM, Laura Thomson, expressed readiness to continue advanced discussions with the representatives of Kosovo to further advance the prospects for membership.[417]
  North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) NATO maintains that its ongoing Kosovo Force mission and mandate remain unchanged and that "NATO reaffirms that KFOR shall remain in Kosovo on the basis of UNSCR 1244, as agreed by Foreign Ministers in December 2007, unless the UN Security Council decides otherwise".[418]
Member states (26 / 30) Candidates (0 / 1)

Albania † • Belgium † • Bulgaria † • Canada † • Croatia † • Czech Republic † • Denmark † • Estonia † • France † • Germany † • Greece • Hungary † • Iceland † • Italy † • Latvia † • Lithuania † • Luxembourg † • Montenegro † • Netherlands † • North Macedonia † • Norway † • Poland † • Portugal † • Romania • Slovakia • Slovenia † • Spain • Turkey † • United Kingdom † • United States †
Candidate: Bosnia and Herzegovina

 † – Have recognised Kosovo.
  Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) In February 2008, Secretary General of the OIC Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu said "Kosovo has finally declared its independence after a long and determined struggle by its people. As we rejoice this happy result, we declare our solidarity with and support to our brothers and sisters there. The Islamic Umma wishes them success in their new battle awaiting them which is the building of a strong and prosperous a state capable of satisfying of its people".[419] The OIC did not call on its individual member states to extend recognition, as some member states, including Azerbaijan, Egypt, Indonesia and Sudan, were firmly against any issuance of such a statement.[420]
On 25 May 2009, at the OIC's 36th session of the Council of Foreign Ministers in Damascus, the 57 member states adopted a resolution that noted Kosovo's declaration of independence, upheld the role of the UN in Kosovo, reaffirmed the strong interest of the OIC regarding Muslims in the Balkans, welcomed the co-operation of Kosovo with the OIC Economic and Financial institutions, and called on the international community to continue contributing to the fostering of Kosovo's economy.[421] It has been reported that an earlier draft of the resolution (tabled by Saudi Arabia) had called for recognition of Kosovo by Islamic countries, but this was rejected by some member states, including Syria, Egypt and Azerbaijan.[422] The OIC mechanism is similar to the one adopted by the EU which leaves it up to member states to decide.[423]
In June 2011, the OIC adopted a resolution calling on member states to consider recognising Kosovo but once again it left the recognition issue to individual member states.[424]
In November 2012, the OIC adopted a resolution calling on member states to consider recognising Kosovo based on their free and sovereign rights as well as on their national practice.[425] İhsanoğlu expressed support for strengthening the international subjectivity of the Republic of Kosovo.[426]
In February 2013, the OIC renewed the previous resolution and urged all of its member states to recognise Kosovo.[427]
Member states (33 / 57)

Afghanistan † • Albania † • Algeria • Azerbaijan • Bahrain † • Bangladesh † • Benin † • Burkina Faso † • Brunei † • Cameroon • Chad † • Comoros • Côte d'Ivoire † • Djibouti † • Egypt † • Gabon † • Gambia † • Guinea † • Guinea-Bissau † • Guyana † • Indonesia • Iran • Iraq • Jordan † • Kuwait † • Kazakhstan • Kyrgyzstan • Lebanon • Libya † • Maldives † • Malaysia † • Mali • Mauritania † • Morocco • Mozambique • Niger † • Nigeria • Oman † • Pakistan † • Palestine • Qatar † • Saudi Arabia † • Senegal † • Sierra Leone • Somalia † • Sudan • Suriname † • Syria • Tajikistan • Togo • Tunisia • Turkey † • Turkmenistan • Uganda • United Arab Emirates † • Uzbekistan • Yemen †

 † – Have recognised Kosovo.
  Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) On 19 February 2008, Chairman Ilkka Kanerva and OSCE Minorities Commissioner Knut Vollebæk called for Kosovo's government to vigorously implement agreed-upon frameworks regarding minorities.[428] Serbia has vowed to oppose OSCE membership for Kosovo and is calling for the organisation to condemn the declaration of independence.[429]
Member states (36 / 56)

Albania † • Andorra † • Armenia • Austria † • Azerbaijan • Belarus • Belgium † • Bosnia and Herzegovina • Bulgaria † • Canada † • Croatia † • Cyprus • Czech Republic † • Denmark † • Estonia † • Finland † • France † • Georgia • Germany † • Greece • Hungary † • Iceland † • Ireland † • Italy † • Kazakhstan • Kyrgyzstan • Latvia † • Liechtenstein † • Lithuania † • Luxembourg † • Malta † • Moldova • Monaco † • Montenegro † • Netherlands † • North Macedonia † • Norway † • Poland † • Portugal † • Romania • Russia • San Marino † • Serbia • Slovakia • Slovenia † • Spain • Sweden † • Switzerland † • Tajikistan • Turkey † • Turkmenistan • Ukraine • United Kingdom † • United States † • Uzbekistan • Vatican City

 † – Have recognised Kosovo.
  United Nations (UN) Russia called an emergency session of the United Nations Security Council on 17 February 2008, but the council members, given differences in stated position between permanent members, failed to reach a consensus. Russia requested another meeting on 18 February. In March 2008 the UNMIK mission in Kosovo told the Serbian government to cease its interference in North Kosovo after local Serbs burned down a customs office set up by the Republic of Kosovo.[430] In order for Kosovo to attain a UN seat, it would require the agreement of the five permanent members of the Security Council, of which only three currently recognise Kosovo: UK, France, and the US.
On 17 January 2012, the President of Kosovo, Atifete Jahjaga, had a meeting with the President of the United Nations General Assembly, Nassir Abdulaziz Al-Nasser, who stated that he will continue to support Kosovo in all initiatives and processes through which it is running.[431] On 11 July 2012, the elected President of the United Nations General Assembly, Serb Vuk Jeremić, said that Kosovo's move to join the UN during his upcoming presidency of the UN General Assembly would be "an act of pointless provocation". "As long as Serbia presides over the UN, and that's for the next year, this could only happen over my dead body," Jeremić said.[432] However, Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said that Jeremić should have stated this as an official of Serbia, not as the President of the UN General Assembly.[433]
Member states (101 / 193)
Permanent members of Security Council (3 / 5)

China • France † • Russia • United Kingdom † • United States †

 † – Have recognised Kosovo.
World Bank On 29 June 2009, the Republic of Kosovo became a full member of the World Bank.[434]
World Customs Organization On 3 March 2017, the Republic of Kosovo became a full member of the World Customs Organization.[435]

Positions taken by other actors

Autonomous regions and secessionist movements

Entity Position
  Balochistan In August 2010, former Baloch separatist leader Jumma Khan Marri welcomed the independence of Kosovo and the ruling by the ICJ that the declaration of independence by Kosovo was not in violation of international law.[436] However, Jumma Khan Marri has since distanced himself from the movement and now advocates against secession.[437] In October 2010, former Minister of Fisheries and opposition member of the Balochistan Assembly Kachkol Ali hailed the decision of the International Court of Justice on Kosovo's declaration of Independence as "a glorious judgment for the national liberation movements". He said that it was a beacon of hope for enslaved nations.[438]
  Basque Government The regional Basque government, unlike the central Spanish government in Madrid, responded very positively to Kosovo's declaration of independence. A regional government spokeswoman said that "It's a lesson to be followed when it comes to peaceful and democratic solutions of the identity and allegiance problems ... It shows that respect of the citizens' will is the key to solving difficult political problems".[439]
  Catalonia In July 2010, following the ICJ decision, the Catalan nationalist parties expressed that there are clear parallels between their case and Kosovo's. Joan Puigcercós, the President of the Republican Left of Catalonia, stated that the ICJ decision shows that Catalonia's independence could be legal and recognised at an international level. The Democratic Convergence of Catalonia party asked the Spanish Government to recognise Kosovo's independence and the right of self-determination of the people.[440] On 23 July 2010, José Montilla, President of the Generalitat of Catalonia, said that Catalonia and Kosovo have little in common.[441]
In March 2012 during a fierce debate with Spanish prime minister Mariano Rajoy, Convergence and Union general secretary Josep Antoni Duran i Lleida asked for the immediate recognition of Kosovo by Spain, and stated that the reasons for non-recognition "are not international but internal".[442]
  Central Tibetan Administration (government in exile) In June 2008, an article was published on the website of the Central Tibetan Administration saying that if Kosovo has a right to independence then Tibet has every right to become an independent nation and Tibetans are fully entitled to the right of self-determination.[443]
In April 2010, the 14th Dalai Lama, then joint executive authority within the government in exile, sent a telegram of congratulations to Kosovo's prime minister, Hashim Thaçi, saying that he is satisfied with the independence of Kosovo and that he prays that Kosovo's democratic state will be a model for others to follow.[444]
  Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (government in exile) Usman Ferzauli, the Foreign Minister of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, said that his country "welcome the declaration of state independence by Kosovo and do not question the right of the people of Kosovo to distance themselves from the state that terrorized it".[445]
The Prime Minister of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, Akhmed Zakayev, stated in an April 2010 interview that to him and his nation, Kosovo represented a hope, and also made reference to a letter he had apparently sent to Kosovo's prime minister Hashim Thaçi congratulating the latter.[446]
  East Turkestan (government in exile) On 18 February 2008, Ansar Yusuf Turani, the representative of the government-in-exile, released a press statement saying "On behalf of the people of East Turkistan, the East Turkistan Government in Exile hereby recognizes Kosovo as an independent and sovereign state and wishes peace and prosperity for the people of Kosovo".[447]
  Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front On 11 March 2008, the Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front staged a demonstration in Brussels in front of the European Commission building. It was headed by one of its leaders, Barrister Abdul Majeed Tramboo, and its agenda cited Kosovo's independence, demanding equal treatment and commensurate application of the same solution by the EU in the Kashmir dispute involving India, Pakistan and China. Protesters included EU Parliament members, students and various NGO constituents and representatives.[448]
  Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People (Crimea) Mustafa Dzhemilev, the Chairman of the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People declared that he supported the right of self-determination for every nation, including Kosovo.[449] He also added that the Crimean Tatars will not start a secession process from Ukraine if their rights are respected. Cemilev stated that he believes the motive for the Kosovars to declare independence was the anti-Albanian situation in Kosovo.[450]

International non-governmental organisations

See also: Membership of Kosovo in international sports federations
International organisation Position
European Broadcasting Union (EBU) Radio Television of Kosovo (RTK) is not an active member of the EBU and therefore they cannot participate in the Eurovision Song Contest and sister projects. However, there is a cooperation agreement between RTK and the EBU[451] and they were allowed to participate in the Eurovision Young Dancers 2011 competition.
On 30 March 2012 during a meeting in Geneva with Kosovo's Deputy Foreign Minister Petrit Selimi, Ingrid Delterne, executive director of the EBU expressed readiness for Kosovo's membership in the ITU.[417]
  International Olympic Committee (IOC) The Olympic Committee of Kosovo became a full member of the International Olympic Committee on 9 December 2014.[452] The Olympic Committee of Kosovo has been in existence since 1992.[453] Kosovo was a provisional member of the IOC from 22 October 2014 through 9 December 2014.[454]
Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) Kosovo played their first official match in 2014, against Haiti. In April 2016, Kosovo were voted into UEFA, and on 13 May 2016, at the 66th FIFA congress in Mexico City, Kosovo (along with Gibraltar) were voted into the organisation. Only 23 associations voted against Kosovo's membership. They took part in their first World Cup qualifier in their 1–1 draw with Finland.
  Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO) UNPO issued a statement on 18 February 2008: "for regions in similar conditions, Kosova's independence represents new hope for the future of their own potential statehood".[455]
In the days that followed, several African UNPO members expressed their own individual secession-minded reactions to Kosovo's independence.[456]
Norwegian Nobel Committee After former President of Finland Martti Ahtisaari received the 2008 Nobel Peace Prize "for his important efforts ... to resolve international conflicts",[457] including his work in Kosovo as a UN special envoy, the Norwegian Nobel Committee Secretary, who had been also the Director of the Norwegian Nobel Institute, Geir Lundestad, said that the committee believed "there is no alternative to an independent Kosovo".[458]
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Kosovo is not a member of the governing structures for the ISO.
Independently of its ISO membership status, ISO will also potentially issue a standardised country code for Kosovo. According to rules of procedure followed by the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency based in Geneva, a new ISO 3166-1 code for Kosovo will only be issued once it appears in the UN Terminology Bulletin Country Names or in the UN Statistics Division's list of Country and Region Codes for Statistical Use.[459] To appear in the terminology bulletin, it must either (a) be admitted into the UN, (b) join a UN Specialised Agency or (c) become a state party to the Statute of the International Court of Justice.[460] Criterion (b) was met when Kosovo joined the International Monetary Fund and World Bank; a terminology bulletin has yet to be circulated.
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) ICANN, through its Country Code Names Supporting Organization, is responsible for adding new country code top-level domains (ccTLDs) for use in Internet addressing. Rules of procedure dictate Kosovo must first receive an ISO 3166-1 code (discussed above) before the ccTLD can be introduced; speculation has centred on ".ks" as the likeliest candidate.[461][462]
International Road and Transport Union (IRU) Kosovo officially became the 181st member of the IRU in May 2009.[463]
International Bar Association (IBA) Kosovo officially became a member of the IBA on 28 May 2009.[464][465]

See also

Notes

References

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  102. ^ Qatar recognized the Republic of Kosovo, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 7 January 2011
  103. ^ Verbal Note, Lajme Shqip, 8 September 2011 (in French)
  104. ^ . Government of Serbia. 21 July 2017. Archived from the original on 12 February 2020. Retrieved 21 July 2017.
  105. ^ "Gvineja Bisao povukla odluku o priznanju Kosova iz 2011". b92.net (in Serbian). Tanjug. 21 November 2017. Retrieved 21 November 2017.
  106. ^ . mfa.gov.rs. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Serbia. 17 November 2017. Archived from the original on 30 July 2019. Retrieved 21 November 2017.
  107. ^ Ministria e Jashtme pranon Notën Verbale të ri-konfirmimit zyrtar të njohjes së Republikës së Kosovës nga shteti Guinea-Bissau, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2 February 2018
  108. ^ a b Pacolli 🇽🇰, Behgjet. "The Embassy of Guinea-Bissau in Brussels transmitted to @MFAKOSOVO the Note Verbale re-confirming that #GuineaBissau's recognition of #Kosovo's independence in 2011 is sustainable. #Kosovo's recognition is global & unstoppable. This is the flow of history!pic.twitter.com/IctZNtRlLO".
  109. ^ "The Sultanate of Oman fully recognizes the independent state of Kosovo". 20 September 2011.
  110. ^ "Lista e Njohjeve".
  111. ^ https://fm.gov.om/foreign-minister-holds-meeting-with-president-of-kosovo/[bare URL]
  112. ^ The Principality of Andorra recognizes Kosovo's independence, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 8 June 2011
  113. ^ a b The Republic of Niger and the Republic of Guinea Conakry recognize Kosovo's independence, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 16 August 2011
  114. ^ Note 4 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine, First Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Kosovo, 12 August 2011 (in French)
  115. ^ Verbal Note 4 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine, First Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Kosovo, 15 August 2011 (in French)
  116. ^ The Republic of Benin is the 80th state to recognize Kosovo's independence, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 18 August 2011
  117. ^ Santa Lucia is the 81st UN member state to recognize the Republic of Kosovo, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 22 August 2011
  118. ^ Kosovo's recognition confirmed by the Republic of Gabon, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Kosovo, 13 October 2011
  119. ^ Verbal Note 4 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine, First Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Kosovo 15 September 2011 (in French)
  120. ^ Ivory Coast recognizes Kosovo 1 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Top Channel, 21 September 2011
  121. ^ Déclaration par la Côte d'Ivoire de la reconnaissance de l'État du Kossovo 4 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Ministère des Affaires Etrangères de la Républic du Côte d'Ivoire, released First Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Kosovo (in French)
  122. ^ Kuwait formally recognizes the Republic of Kosovo, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 11 October 2011
  123. ^ Haiti's recognition of Kosovo confirmed during Minister Hoxhaj's visit to this state, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 10 February 2012
  124. ^ Brunei Darussalam recognizes Kosovo independence, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 25 April 2012
  125. ^ Chad recognizes the Republic of Kosovo, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 1 June 2012
  126. ^ Timori Lindor njeh pavarësinë e Kosovës, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 9 November 2012 (in Albanian)
  127. ^ Note verbale, Timor-Leste Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 20 September 2012
  128. ^ Prime Minister Thaçi: Kosovo's membership in EBRD testified that the process of the recognition of the Kosovo as a democratic and sovereign country has taken an irreversible up-turn and is recognized as an historical fact, Office of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kosovo, 19 November 2012
  129. ^ Fiji's verbal note recognizing Kosovo arrives, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 22 November 2012
  130. ^ Saint Kitts dhe Nevis njeh zyrtarisht pavarësinë e Kosovës, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 28 November 2012 (in Albanian)
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  133. ^ Arrin nota verbale e njohjes së Kosovës nga Pakistani, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 28 December 2012 (in Albanian)
  134. ^ CKA 699/755/01, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of the United Republic of Tanzania, 5 June 2013
  135. ^ "Kosovo Foreign Minister meets President". Department of Public Information. 28 June 2014. Retrieved 7 July 2021.
  136. ^ Yemen recognizes Kosovo, Saba Net, 11 June 2013
  137. ^ Verbal Note 13 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine, The official Facebook page of Enver Hoxhaj
  138. ^ قرار حكومة جمهورية مصر العربية الاعتراف بجمهورية كوسوفو كدولة مستقلة وذات سيادة 30 June 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Egypt, 26 June 2013 (in Arabic)
  139. ^ Prime Minister Thaçi officially receives Thailand recognition of Kosovo in a meeting with Thailand Deputy Prime Minister Dr. Surapong Tovichakchaikul, Prime Minister of Kosovo, 26 September 2013
  140. ^ การรับรองโคโซโวโดยการสถาปนาความสัมพันธ์ทางการทูตกับโคโซโว, ข่าวออนไลน์ RYT9, 25 September 2013 (in Thai)
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  142. ^ "Tonga recognises Kosovo state, authorities claim". Kaniva Tonga. Kaniva Tonga. 21 January 2014. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  143. ^ Borghese, J. (August 3, 2022) "Thank you Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Kosovo H.E Mrs. @gervallaschwarz and Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs H.E Mr. @Kreshnik_A for a fruitful meeting. Our meeting focused on enhancing cooperation in the field of technology and innovation." Twitter.com
  144. ^ "Republic of Kosovo established diplomatic relations with the Republic of El Salvador".
  145. ^ Antigua and Barbuda recognizes the independence of Kosovo, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 20 May 2015
  146. ^ "Surinami njeh Kosovën (Dokument)" [Suriname recognizes Kosovo (Document)]. Telegrafi (in Albanian). Telegrafi. 22 July 2016. Retrieved 23 September 2022.
  147. ^ . Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 1 December 2016. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
  148. ^ Citations regarding the recognition of Kosovo by Bangladesh:
    • . The Office Of The Prime Minister. 2 March 2017. Archived from the original on 2 March 2017. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
    • Mamun, Sohel (27 February 2017). "Bangladesh officially recognises Kosovo as an independent state". Dhaka Tribune. from the original on 9 February 2021. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
  149. ^ [On the eve of the anniversary of Independence, Barbados recognizes Kosovo] (in Albanian). RTK. 15 February 2018. Archived from the original on 16 February 2018. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
  150. ^ . N1. 21 September 2020. Archived from the original on 3 October 2020. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
  151. ^ 中華民國（台灣）自即日起正式承認科索沃共和國 [The Republic of China (Taiwan) officially recognizes the Republic of Kosovo] (in Chinese). Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 19 February 2008. from the original on 22 November 2015. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
  152. ^ "Ceremony celebrates Kosovo ties". Cook Islands News. 19 May 2015. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
  153. ^ [Kosovo is recognized by Niue] (in Albanian).
December 26, 2022
international, recognition, kosovo, some, this, article, listed, sources, reliable, please, help, this, article, looking, better, more, reliable, sources, unreliable, citations, challenged, deleted, october, 2021, learn, when, remove, this, template, message, . Some of this article s listed sources may not be reliable Please help this article by looking for better more reliable sources Unreliable citations may be challenged or deleted October 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message International recognition of Kosovo since its declaration of independence from Serbia enacted on 17 February 2008 has been mixed and international governments are divided on the issue 1 2 Map of states that have recognised Kosovo s independence as of 21 March 2022 update Kosovo States which formally recognize Kosovo as independent States which have stated they intend to formally recognize Kosovo as independent States with undecided unclear or ambiguous positions States which have expressed disagreement with unilateral moves or expressed a wish for further negotiations States which have stated that they do not recognize Kosovo as independent States with no reported position at present As of 4 September 2020 update 101 out of 193 52 3 United Nations member states 22 out of 27 81 5 European Union member states 26 out of 30 86 7 NATO member states and 33 out of 57 57 9 Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member states have recognised Kosovo on both Serbian and Kosovan side Conflicts have arisen regarding the number of countries recognizing Kosovo The government of Serbia does not recognise it as a sovereign state 3 In 2013 the two sides began to normalise relations in accordance with the Brussels Agreement In September 2020 Serbia and Kosovo agreed to normalise economic ties 4 5 Serbia also agreed to suspend its efforts to encourage other states to either not recognise Kosovo or to revoke recognition for one year while Kosovo agreed to not apply for new membership of international organisations for the same period 6 Among the G20 countries eleven have recognised Kosovo as an independent state Australia Canada France Germany Italy Japan South Korea Saudi Arabia Turkey the United Kingdom and the United States Eight however have not Argentina Brazil China India Indonesia Mexico Russia and South Africa Contents 1 Background 2 Serbia s reaction 3 International Court of Justice recognition 4 Positions taken by sovereign entities 4 1 Countries that recognise Kosovo as an independent state 4 1 1 Member states of the United Nations 4 1 2 Other states and entities 4 2 Alleged withdrawn recognition 4 3 Entities that have not recognised Kosovo as an independent state 4 3 1 Member states of the United Nations 4 3 1 1 A 4 3 1 2 B 4 3 1 3 C 4 3 1 4 E 4 3 1 5 G 4 3 1 6 I 4 3 1 7 J 4 3 1 8 K 4 3 1 9 L 4 3 1 10 M 4 3 1 11 N 4 3 1 12 P 4 3 1 13 R 4 3 1 14 S 4 3 1 15 T 4 3 1 16 U 4 3 1 17 V 4 3 1 18 Z 4 3 2 Other states and entities 5 Positions taken by intergovernmental organisations 6 Positions taken by other actors 6 1 Autonomous regions and secessionist movements 6 2 International non governmental organisations 7 See also 8 Notes 9 References 10 Further readingBackgroundFurther information Foreign relations of Kosovo A number of states expressed concern over the unilateral character of Kosovo s declaration or explicitly announced that they would not recognise an independent Kosovo The United Nations Security Council UNSC remains divided on this issue of its five members with veto power three the United States the United Kingdom and France have recognised the declaration of independence while the People s Republic of China has expressed concern urging the continuation of the previous negotiation framework The Russian Federation has rejected the declaration and considers it illegal 7 In May 2008 Russia China and India released a joint statement calling for new negotiations between Belgrade and Pristina 8 Although EU member states individually decide whether to recognise Kosovo by consensus the EU has commissioned the European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo EULEX to ensure peace and continued external oversight Due to the dispute in the United Nations Security Council UNSC the reconfiguration of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo UNMIK and partial handover to the EULEX mission met with difficulties In spite of Russian and Serbian protests the UN Secretary General Ban Ki moon proceeded with the reconfiguration plan On 15 July 2008 he stated In the light of the fact that the Security Council is unable to provide guidance I have instructed my Special Representative to move forward with the reconfiguration of UNMIK in order to adapt UNMIK to a changed reality According to the Secretary General the United Nations has maintained a position of strict neutrality on the question of Kosovo s status 9 On 26 November 2008 the UNSC gave the green light to the deployment of the EULEX mission in Kosovo The EU mission is to assume police justice and customs duties from the UN while operating under the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244 UNSCR 1244 that first placed Kosovo under UN administration in 1999 10 Recognition of Kosovo by UN member states over time total members 193 Formally recognised Other states A United Nations General Assembly UNGA resolution adopted on 8 October 2008 backed the request of Serbia to seek an International Court of Justice advisory opinion on Kosovo s declaration of independence 11 On 22 July 2010 the ICJ ruled that the declaration of independence of Kosovo did not violate international law because international law contains no prohibition on declarations of independence and that its authors were not bound by the Constitutional Framework promulgated by UNMIK or by UNSCR 1244 that is addressed only to United Nations Member States and organs of the United Nations 12 13 Within the EU key supporters of Kosovo s statehood include France 14 and Germany 15 The strongest opponents to Kosovo s statehood within the EU include Spain 16 17 and Greece 18 The Spanish non recognition of Kosovo is linked to the Spanish government s opposition to the Basque and Catalan independence movements 16 while the Greek non recognition of Kosovo is linked to the Cyprus dispute and Greece s historic relationship to Serbia 18 Serbia s reactionMain articles Serbia s reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence Kosovo Serbia relations and Belgrade Pristina negotiations See also 2008 protests against Kosovo declaration of independence Due to Serbian claims that Kosovo is part of its sovereign territory its initial reactions included recalling ambassadors from countries that recognised Kosovo for several months indicting Kosovar leaders on charges of high treason and litigating the case at the International Court of Justice ICJ Serbia also expelled ambassadors from countries that recognised Kosovo after the UNGA vote adopting Serbia s initiative to seek an ICJ advisory opinion 19 In December 2012 as a result of European Union mediated negotiations on Kosovo s status Serbian Prime Minister Ivica Dacic agreed to appoint a liaison officer to Kosovo 20 In March 2013 Dacic said that while his government would never recognise Kosovo s independence the Serbian president cannot go to Kosovo nor the prime minister nor ministers nor the police or army Serbs can only leave Kosovo That s how much Kosovo is ours and what our constitution and laws mean there 21 In April 2013 Kosovo and Serbia reached an agreement to normalise relations and thereby allow both nations to eventually join the European Union 22 On 17 June 2013 Kosovo and Serbia exchanged liaison officers 23 However the process of normalisation stalled in November 2018 after which Kosovo imposed a 100 percent tax on importing Serbian goods On 1 April 2020 Kosovo withdrew the tax 24 In September 2020 under an agreement brokered by the United States Serbia and Kosovo agreed to normalise economic ties 4 5 Serbia also agreed to suspend its efforts to encourage other states to either not recognise Kosovo or to revoke recognition for one year while Kosovo agreed to not apply for new membership of international organisations for the same period 6 International Court of Justice recognitionMain article Advisory opinion on Kosovo s declaration of independence On 27 March 2008 Serbian Foreign Minister Vuk Jeremic said Serbia would request the International Court of Justice to review the legality of Kosovo s declaration of independence 25 On 8 October 2008 the UN General Assembly adopted Serbia s resolution requesting the International Court of Justice to assess the legality of Kosovo s declaration of independence 26 The United Nations General Assembly adopted this proposal on 8 October 2008 with 77 votes in favor 6 votes against and 74 abstentions 27 The court delivered its opinion on 22 July 2010 by a vote of 10 to 4 it declared that the adoption of the declaration of independence of 17 February 2008 did not violate general international law because international law contains no prohibition on declarations of independence nor did the adoption of the declaration of independence violate UN Security Council Resolution 1244 since this did not describe Kosovo s final status nor had the Security Council reserved for itself the decision on final status 28 29 30 Positions taken by sovereign entitiesAccording to a 2020 study states which have strong ties to the United States are more likely to recognise Kosovo whereas states with stronger ties to Russia are less likely to recognise Kosovo 31 Countries that recognise Kosovo as an independent state Member states of the United Nations No Country Date of recognition Ref 1 8 Afghanistan 18 February 2008 32 Albania 33 Costa Rica 34 France 35 Senegal 36 Turkey 37 United Kingdom 38 United States 39 9 Australia 19 February 2008 40 10 11 Latvia 20 February 2008 41 Germany 42 12 15 Estonia 21 February 2008 43 Italy 44 Denmark 45 Luxembourg 46 16 Peru 22 February 2008 47 17 Belgium 24 February 2008 48 18 Poland 26 February 2008 49 19 Switzerland 27 February 2008 50 20 Austria 28 February 2008 51 21 Ireland 29 February 2008 52 22 Sweden 4 March 2008 53 23 Netherlands 54 24 Iceland 5 March 2008 55 25 Slovenia 56 26 Finland 7 March 2008 57 27 28 Canada 18 March 2008 58 Japan 59 29 31 Monaco 19 March 2008 60 Hungary 61 Croatia 62 32 Bulgaria 20 March 2008 63 33 Liechtenstein 25 March 2008 64 34 35 South Korea 28 March 2008 65 Norway 66 36 Marshall Islands 17 April 200837 Burkina Faso 23 April 2008 67 38 Lithuania 6 May 2008 68 39 San Marino 12 May 2008 69 40 Czech Republic 21 May 2008 70 41 Liberia 30 May 2008 fn 1 42 Colombia 4 August 2008 73 43 Belize 7 August 2008 74 44 Malta 22 August 2008 75 45 Samoa 15 September 2008 76 46 Portugal 7 October 2008 77 47 48 Montenegro 9 October 2008 78 North Macedonia 79 49 United Arab Emirates 14 October 2008 80 50 Malaysia 30 October 2008 81 51 Federated States of Micronesia 5 December 2008 82 52 Panama 16 January 2009 83 53 Maldives 19 February 2009 84 54 Palau 6 March 2009 85 55 Gambia 7 April 2009 86 56 Saudi Arabia 20 April 2009 87 57 Bahrain 19 May 2009 88 58 Jordan 7 July 2009 89 59 Dominican Republic 10 July 2009 90 60 New Zealand 9 November 2009 91 61 Malawi 14 December 2009 92 62 Mauritania 12 January 2010 93 63 Eswatini 12 April 2010 94 64 Vanuatu 28 April 2010 95 65 Djibouti 8 May 2010 96 66 Somalia 19 May 2010 97 67 Honduras 3 September 2010 98 68 Kiribati 21 October 2010 99 100 69 Tuvalu 18 November 2010 101 70 Qatar 7 January 2011 102 71 Guinea Bissau 10 January 2011 103 fn 2 72 Oman 4 February 2011 109 110 111 73 Andorra 8 June 2011 112 74 Guinea 12 August 2011 113 114 75 Niger 15 August 2011 113 115 76 Benin 18 August 2011 116 77 Saint Lucia 19 August 2011 117 78 Gabon 15 September 2011 118 119 79 Ivory Coast 16 September 2011 120 121 80 Kuwait 11 October 2011 122 81 Haiti 10 February 2012 123 82 Brunei 25 April 2012 124 83 Chad 1 June 2012 125 84 Timor Leste 20 September 2012 126 127 85 Fiji 19 November 2012 128 129 86 Saint Kitts and Nevis 28 November 2012 130 131 87 Pakistan 24 December 2012 132 133 88 Tanzania 29 May 2013 134 89 Guyana 13 June 2013 135 90 Yemen 11 June 2013 136 137 91 Egypt 26 June 2013 138 92 Thailand 24 September 2013 139 140 93 Libya 25 September 2013 141 94 Tonga 20 January 2014 142 143 95 El Salvador 18 October 2014 144 96 Antigua and Barbuda 20 May 2015 145 97 Suriname 8 July 2016 146 98 Singapore 1 December 2016 147 99 Bangladesh 27 February 2017 148 100 Barbados 15 February 2018 149 101 Israel 4 September 2020 150 Notes In June 2018 following a meeting between Liberian Foreign Minister Gbehzohngar Milton Findley and Serbian Foreign Minister Ivica Dacic a note from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Liberia was published which stated in part that it annuls its letter of recognition of Kosovo 71 A few days latter Liberia s MFA posted a notice on its website saying that it wished to refute reports in some international and social media of its revocation of diplomatic relations with the Republic of Kosovo 72 In a letter dated 21 November 2017 the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Guinea Bissau informed Kosovo that it had withdrawn its recognition 104 105 106 On 2 February 2018 Kosovo s MFA announced that it had received a new note verbale from Guinea Bissau stating that the previous note revoking recognition had no effect 107 108 non primary source needed Other states and entities No Country Date of recognition Ref 1 Taiwan Republic of China 19 February 2008 151 2 Cook Islands 18 May 2015 152 3 Niue 23 June 2015 153 Alleged withdrawn recognition The Serbian Foreign Ministry claimed in March 2020 that there are eighteen nations that have withdrawn their recognition Burundi the Central African Republic the Comoros Dominica Ghana Grenada Guinea Bissau Lesotho Liberia Madagascar Nauru Palau Papua New Guinea Sao Tome and Principe Sierra Leone Solomon Islands Suriname and Togo 154 155 156 In many of those cases Kosovo s foreign ministry has called it fake news and Serbian propaganda 157 158 159 160 Several of these alleged withdrawals have been disputed Guinea Bissau withdrew recognition in November 2017 but in 2018 sent a note verbale to the government of Kosovo stating that the previous note revoking recognition had no effect 108 Just a few days after reports emerged of its withdrawal of recognition in June 2018 the government of Liberia issued a statement reaffirming bilateral relations with Kosovo and stating that such reports were false 161 162 Sao Tome and Principe never officially recognised Kosovo according to its former president Manuel Pinto da Costa see the table below for more info Suriname recognized the independence of Kosovo on July 8 2016 On 27 October 2017 the Serbian Foreign Minister at the time Ivica Dacic claimed that the recognition was withdrawn on October 27 2017 163 164 165 166 Kosovo s Ministry of Foreign Affairs denied having received a verbal note on de recognition and stated that Kosovo and Suriname maintained friendly relations 167 On June 10 2022 Kosovo s Foreign Minister Donika Gervalla Schwarz met with her Surinamese counterpart Albert Ramdin where they talked about enhancing the cooperation between the two countries 168 On January 21 2019 the Serbian Foreign Ministry claimed that Palau had withdrawn its recognition of Kosovo However on September 23 2022 the President of Kosovo Vjosa Osmani met with Palau s Foreign Minister Gustav Aitaro and both sides reconfirmed their bilateral relations and multilateral cooperation 169 170 171 In October 2022 Palau s Vice President Uduch Sengebau Senior made an official visit to Kosovo where she met with President Osmani and the sides confirmed their willingness to further deepen their bilateral relations 172 Ghana recognised the independence of the Republic of Kosovo in 2012 Media reports in 2019 claimed that Ghana had withdrawn recognition of Kosovo However the 2022 Kosovo Diplomatic List states that the Ghanaian embassy in Ankara Turkey is accredited to the Republic of Kosovo with the Ganahian ambassador in Ankera being described as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Non resident in Pristina 173 The official website of the Kosovo foreign ministry lists Ghana as one of the countries that recognise the independence of Kosovo 174 The Union of the Comoros recognised the independence of Kosovo in May 2009 In November 2018 it was reported by Russian and Serbian sources that Comoros had withdrawn recognition of Kosovo following a meeting between its foreign minister and Russian foreign minister Sergey Lavrov In February 2021 former President of Kosovo Behgjet Pacolli released a note verbale from the foreign ministry of Comoros stating that Comoros continues to recognise the independence of Kosovo 175 The official website of the Kosovo foreign ministry lists Comoros as one of the countries that recognise the independence of Kosovo 176 There were conflicting reports on whether Oman has recognised Kosovo or de recognised it 177 178 In February 2011 Kosovo announced that it received a note from Oman which stated that it will welcome Kosovo s membership to the United Nations as well as to other international and regional organizations and that the countries had established diplomatic relations 177 However in September 2011 Kosovo s deputy Foreign Minister Petrit Selimi stated that Oman never recognised us 179 Later that month Kosovo s Ministry of Foreign Affairs announced that Oman s Foreign Minister Yusuf bin Alawi bin Abdullah had informed them of his country s recognition of Kosovo 178 Kosovo s charge d affaires in Saudi Arabia was quoted in 2012 as saying that Oman had not recognised Kosovo 180 In September 2022 the foreign ministry of Oman officially issued a press release explicitly stating that the Omani foreign minister had met with the president and foreign minister of the Republic of Kosovo implying that Oman does indeed recognise the Republic of Kosovo as an independent state 181 The foreign ministry of Kosovo lists Oman as one of the countries that have formally recognised the independence of Kosovo 182 Sierra Leone recognised the independence of Kosovo in 2008 In March 2020 Serbian media sources claimed that Sierra Leone had withdrawn recognition However in November 2022 the Ambassador of Kosovo in the United Arab Emirates hosted his Sierra Leone counterpart and stated that Sierra Leone was one of the first countries to have recognised the independence of Kosovo 183 The foreign ministry of Kosovo lists Sierra Leone as one of the countries that have formally recognised the independence of Kosovo 184 On 13 May 2022 Serbian Foreign Minister Nikola Selakovic claimed that four new countries withdrew their recognition of Kosovo without mentioning their names He further said that President of Serbia Aleksandar Vucic will inform the public which these four states are once he deems it necessary 185 Director of the Serbian government Office for Kosovo and Metohija Petar Petkovic stated that 22 countries in total have withdrawn their recognition of Kosovo 186 Next day Serbian daily Vecernje novosti reported that these four states are from the Caribbean and Africa 187 However Serbia s view has to be seen with caution since Serbia doesn t mention any names and Kosovo s Foreign Minister Donika Gervalla Schwarz says that Kosovo hasn t received any new diplomatic notes regarding recognition withdrawal 188 189 On August 27 Serbia s President claimed during a press conference that number of withdrawals of recognition has grown to 7 countries and that the names of those countries will be published when the time comes 190 191 No Country Date of Ref Recognition Withdrawal1 Burundi 16 October 2012 15 February 2018 192 193 194 2 Papua New Guinea 3 October 2012 5 July 2018 195 3 Lesotho 11 February 2014 16 October 2018 196 197 198 4 Comoros 14 May 2009 1 November 2018 199 200 201 202 5 Dominica 11 December 2012 2 November 2018 203 204 205 206 6 Grenada 25 September 2013 4 November 2018 207 208 7 Solomon Islands 13 August 2014 28 November 2018 209 210 8 Madagascar 24 November 2017 7 December 2018 211 9 Togo 11 July 2014 28 June 2019 212 213 214 10 Central African Republic 22 July 2011 24 July 2019 215 216 217 11 Ghana 23 January 2012 7 November 2019 218 219 220 221 12 Nauru 23 April 2008 13 November 2019 222 223 224 13 Sierra Leone 11 June 2008 2 March 2020 225 226 227 228 Entities that have not recognised Kosovo as an independent state Diplomatic recognition is an explicit official unilateral act in the foreign policy of states in regards to another party Not having issued such a statement does not necessarily mean the state has objections to the existence independence sovereignty or government of the other party Some states by custom or policy do not extend formal recognitions on the grounds that a vote for membership in the UN or another organisation whose membership is limited to states is itself an act of recognition Member states of the United Nations A B C E G I J K L M N P R S T U V Z A Country Position Algeria Main article Algeria Kosovo relations In March 2008 Mourad Medelci Algerian Foreign Minister stated that while Algeria sympathised with all Muslim countries it believed that international laws had to be adhered to 229 A year later Medelci reaffirmed the Algerian position of Kosovo being an integral part of Serbia 230 Angola On 23 June 2008 Angolan president Jose Eduardo dos Santos sent a message to his Serbian counterpart Boris Tadic regarding Kosovo s declaration of independence It reiterated the solidarity of dos Santos and Angola to Serbia in regard to the preservation of its sovereignty and integrity 231 Argentina Main article Argentina Kosovo relations In February 2008 Argentine Foreign Minister Jorge Taiana said if we were to recognize Kosovo which has declared its independence unilaterally without an agreement with Serbia we would set a dangerous precedent that would seriously threaten our chances of a political settlement in the case of the Falkland Islands 232 He said that Argentina will not recognise it because it supports the principle of territorial integrity and he stressed that UNSCR 1244 called for the mutual agreement of both parties to solve the dispute 233 At the International Court of Justice the Argentine delegation argued that Kosovo s declaration of independence breaches the obligation to respect the territorial integrity of Serbia the obligation of peaceful settlement of disputes and the principle of non intervention and that any solution did not and could not abolish Serbia s sovereignty over Kosovo 234 Armenia Main article Armenia Kosovo relations On 12 March 2008 Armenian president Serzh Sargsyan stated that Armenia s possible recognition of Kosovo s independence would not strain Armenia Russia relations but also noted that Kosovo recognition issue needs serious discussion Armenia has always been an adherent to the right of nations to self determination and in this aspect we welcome Kosovo s independence 235 but in September 2008 Sargsyan stated that Armenia had not recognized Kosovo s independence 235 236 On 4 April 2011 Sargsyan said that Armenia would not recognise the independence of Kosovo against Serbia s interests 237 Azerbaijan Main article Azerbaijan Kosovo relations In February 2008 a spokesman of the Foreign Ministry of Azerbaijan Khazar Ibrahim said We view this illegal act as being in contradiction with international law Proceeding from this Azerbaijan s position was clear it does not recognise Kosovo s independence 238 Azerbaijan has also withdrawn peacekeepers from Kosovo 239 In 2009 Azerbaijan said regarding Kosovo that entities that declare secession while violating the internal laws of the state can not be considered to be states and that a fait accompli may not be accepted 240 In May 2010 President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev stated that the proclaimed independence of Kosovo was unilateral and an illegal move 241 B Country Position Bahamas Main article Bahamas Kosovo relations In April 2010 Bahamian Foreign Minister Brent Symonette said We have considered and continue to consider the situation on the ground on both sides and maintain a status of awaiting the outcome of negotiations between Kosovo and its neighbouring countries before committing support to either of the two countries 242 On 26 September 2012 the Bahamian Foreign Minister Frederick A Mitchell said that his state had sympathy for the independence of Kosovo and that the Bahamas would support the state of Kosovo 243 Belarus Main article Belarus Kosovo relations In February 2008 Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko wrote in a letter to Serbian President Boris Tadic that Belarus expresses its solidarity with the Serbians intention to defend their sovereignty and territorial integrity 244 The National Assembly of Belarus had issued a statement condemning the declaration of independence and encouraged all nations to call the move illegal under international law 245 246 Bhutan Main article Bhutan Kosovo relations On 19 September 2012 the representative of Bhutan to the UN Lhatu Wangchuk said that his country was deliberating the issue of Kosovo 247 Bolivia Main article Bolivia Kosovo relations In February 2008 Bolivian president Evo Morales refused to recognise Kosovo s independence and compared Kosovo separatists to the leaders of four eastern Bolivian states who had demanded greater autonomy from the federal government 248 In a 4 December 2009 hearing at the ICJ the Bolivian delegation said that Kosovo was an integral part of Serbia that the Republic of Kosovo did not exist and that an unilateral declaration of independence cannot change the international regime established by the UNSC resolution or decide the outcome of negotiations 249 Bosnia and Herzegovina Main article Bosnia and Herzegovina s reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independenceBosnia and Herzegovina s reaction to Kosovo s independence has been mixed Bosniak and Croat members of the Presidency want to recognise it but Serb members refuse it citing the possibility of secession of Bosnia s Republika Srpska on the same grounds of national self determination the Kosovo precedent 250 Botswana Main article Botswana Kosovo relations In October 2010 Botswana s foreign minister Phandu Skelemani said that Botswana had not yet made a decision on recognition of Kosovo pending a ruling of the European Union and that Kosovo had promised support in the establishment of a medical school in return for its recognition 251 Brazil Main article Brazil Kosovo relations Brazil has not recognised the independence of Kosovo stating that any change should be reached under the auspices of the United Nations and the legal framework of UNSCR 1244 citation needed C Country Position Cambodia Main article Cambodia Kosovo relations On 6 October 2008 the Europe Department Director at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Cambodia Kao Samreth stressed that Cambodia does not wish to encourage secession in any country and therefore does not support the independence of Kosovo Kao drew parallels to independence claims for South Ossetia and stated that Cambodia would not encourage tension within a country by supporting independence claims 252 In February 2009 Secretary of State at Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Cambodia Ouch Borith reiterated an earlier Cambodian Ministry of Foreign Affairs statement that Kosovo was a sensitive issue which they are studying carefully Borith questioned if Kosovo is recognized what about South Ossetia 253 In April 2009 it was stated that Cambodia had no plans to file a brief either supportive of Serbia or Kosovo in the ICJ case 254 Cameroon Main article Cameroon Kosovo relations In January 2011 the General Secretary of Cameroon s Ministry of Foreign Affairs Ferdinand Ngoh Ngoh reportedly said that his government could not deny that Kosovo s independence was irreversible but that it would have to be careful on how to proceed in order not to create a situation that would damage Cameroon s interests and position in the world citation needed In 2018 Cameroon was one of 51 countries to vote against Kosovo s bid to joint Interpol effectively blocking it from becoming a member country of the organization 255 Cape Verde In December 2010 Cape Verde s National Director of Political Affairs and Cooperation Jose Luis Rocha said that his country will wait until there was consensus at the United Nations Security Council before considering its position 256 Chile Main article Chile Kosovo relations In a 27 February 2008 press release the Foreign Ministry of Chile called on the parties concerned to achieve by peaceable means through dialogue and adherence to the international law a solution that respects the principles and purposes of the United Nations Charter Chile has declared that it would continue to analyse the discussions that have taken place both in the United Nations Security Council and in the Council of Ministers of the European Union 257 China Main article China s reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independenceChina supports Serbia s position on Kosovo seeing parallels to its own claim on the nation of Taiwan 258 Democratic Republic of the Congo Main article Democratic Republic of the Congo Kosovo relations Republic of the Congo This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it July 2021 Cuba On 29 February 2008 writing in his personal Reflections of Fidel column which was published in the official newspaper of the Communist Party of Cuba Granma Internacional Fidel Castro accused Javier Solana of being the ideological father of Kosovo s independence Castro s quotes and by doing so of putting at risk the ethnic cohesion and the very state integrity of Spain or the UK both of which experienced separatist movements of their own 259 Cyprus Main article Cyprus Kosovo relations On 11 February 2008 the Cypriot Foreign Minister Erato Kozakou Marcoullis stated that Cyprus will never recognize a unilateral declaration of independence outside the U N framework and in particular by side stepping the role of the Security Council 260 This stance was reiterated in October 2009 by The President of Cyprus Dimitris Christofias who said Cyprus would not recognise Kosovo even if all other EU members did so 261 E Country Position Ecuador Main article Ecuador Kosovo relations In response to a request from the University of Oxford regarding the analysis of developments related to the independence of Kosovo in August 2008 the Ecuadorian Foreign Ministry stated that there should be unrestricted compliance with the rules and principles of the United Nations Charter and International Law 262 Equatorial Guinea Main article Equatorial Guinea Kosovo relations On 1 September 2010 Equatorial Guinea s Permanent Representative to the UN Anatolio Ndong Mba said during a press conference that his country s foreign policy favours Kosovo s independence 263 In September 2011 the President of Equatorial Guinea Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo is reported to have responded positively to a request for recognition by Kosovo 264 During a visit of Teodoro Nguema Obiang Mangue to Belgrade on 8 June 2022 it was stated that Equatorial Guinea has not changed its position about not recognizing Kosovo 265 Eritrea Main article Eritrea Kosovo relations On 4 September 2008 the Director of the Euro Americas Division at the Eritrean Ministry of Foreign Affairs Tsehaye Fassil said that his Government had not decided whether it would recognise Kosovo s independence 266 Ethiopia Main article Ethiopia Kosovo relations In January 2009 Ethiopia s Ambassador to Austria reportedly stated that the Ethiopian government would come to a decision over the recognition of Kosovo at the right time 267 According to Serbia Skender Hyseni Kosovo s Foreign Minister and other members of his delegation were denied entry into Ethiopia in January 2010 They allegedly wanted to attend an African Union summit in order to lobby African nations to recognise Kosovo The Serbian Foreign Minister Vuk Jeremic said that their visas were denied after pressure by the Serbian government Jeremic who attended the summit thanked his Ethiopian counterpart for denying the visas and supporting Serbia s cause However Kosovo s Foreign Ministry denies that they submitted any requests for visas 268 In December 2014 amid a diplomatic dispute with Serbia Ethiopia threatened to recognise Kosovo 269 G Country Position Georgia Main article Georgia Kosovo relations The Foreign Minister of Georgia David Bakradze said on 18 February 2008 that Tbilisi would not recognise Kosovo s independence 270 271 272 On 29 March 2008 the prime minister Lado Gurgenidze gave a recorded interview in Estonia in which he clearly said in English that as Georgia s friends have recognised Kosovo it was only natural that eventually Georgia would do likewise The printed publication of the interview elicited demands by the opposition to impeach him and the government spokesman stated that the prime minister was misinterpreted after which the Estonian paper Postimees which conducted and printed the interview released the audio publicly 273 Greece Main article Greece s reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independenceAs of 2022 Greece does not recognise the independence of Kosovo In 2018 Greece was one of 51 countries that voted against Kosovo s bid to join Interpol 255 Guatemala Main article Guatemala Kosovo relations In March 2008 the Guatemalan Foreign Minister Haroldo Rodas had said that he had objected to the recognition of Kosovo in deference to Russian concerns At a meeting on 26 March 2009 with Kosovo s Foreign Minister Skender Hyseni the Ambassador of Guatemala to the UN Gert Rosenthal said that his country s government was carefully studying the developments in Kosovo and the ongoing preparations to present a case to the ICJ He also said that Guatemala was working with others in Latin America to reach a decision 274 I Country Position India Main article India Kosovo relations India has consistently refused to recognise the independence of Kosovo Indonesia Main article Indonesia s reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independenceIndonesia s reaction to Kosovo s independence has been mixed In 2018 Indonesia was one of 51 countries that voted against Kosovo s bid to join Interpol 255 Iran On 13 March 2008 Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad said that Iran after considering the region s issues and conditions had not recognized the independence of Kosovo 275 Iraq Main article Iraq Kosovo relations At a meeting on 28 May 2009 with Kosovo s Foreign Minister Skender Hyseni the representative of Iraq to the UN Hamid Al Bayati reportedly said that Kosovo deserves to be recognised by other states and that Iraq s decision to recognise would come at a suitable time 276 J Country Position Jamaica The Jamaican Government in 2009 refused a request from the United States to recognise Kosovo On 23 July 2009 the Under Secretary for Multilateral Affairs at the Jamaican Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade Ambassador Vilma McNish indicated that she expected no change in the government of Jamaica s decision not to extend formal diplomatic recognition to Kosovo 277 278 Following April 2010 meetings with Jamaican officials Serbian Foreign Minister Vuk Jeremic stated that Serbia could count on Jamaica s continued support in the preservation of its sovereignty and territorial integrity 279 On 20 February 2020 the president of Kosovo Hashim Thaci issued a statement on Twitter thanking Jamaica for recognizing Kosovo as a sovereign and independent country However this was denied by Jamaica s Minister of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade Kamina Johnson Smith the same day 280 281 282 K Country Position Kazakhstan Kazakhstan has opposed the independence of Kosovo and has taken Serbia s position on the issue In December 2008 Kazakh prime minister Karim Masimov stated that We have an official position Kazakhstan did not recognise Kosovo and does not recognise Abkhazia and South Ossetia We consider that borders are defined and Kazakhstan will not recognise any new states 283 In 2022 during a public discussion at the St Petersburg International Economic Forum Kazakh president Kassym Jomart Tokayev while stating that Kazakhstan would not recognise the independence of breakaway states of Donetsk and Luhansk People s Republics in Eastern Ukraine also stated that Kazakhstan will also not recognise the independence of Kosovo and other states with limited recognition claiming that if the right to self determination is put into practice all over the world then there would be chaos 284 Kenya Main article Kenya Kosovo relations At a meeting on 30 July 2008 between Kenyan and Serbian Foreign Ministers Moses Wetangula and Vuk Jeremic Wetangula spoke of Kenya s principled position regarding Kosovo and the territorial integrity of Serbia 285 Following a September 2010 meeting with Kenyan politicians Albanian prime minister Sali Berisha said that Kenya had promised to decide positively regarding recognition of Kosovo 286 North Korea In March 2017 North Korean Ambassador Ri Pyong Du visited Belgrade and affirmed North Korean support for Serbia s territorial integrity 287 Kyrgyzstan In February 2008 a statement issued by Kyrgyz Foreign Ministry stated that Kyrgyzstan would not recognise Kosovo s independence and considered it a dangerous precedent for separatist organisations in the world 288 289 L Country Position Laos On 27 February 2008 the Lao Foreign Ministry issued a statement saying that The Lao PDR urged all sides to respect the resolution of the UN Security Council No 1244 dated 10 June 1999 recognizing Kosovo as a Serbian province 290 Lebanon Main article Kosovo Lebanon relations On 29 November 2018 Lebanese Foreign Minister Gebran Bassil visited Belgrade and affirmed in a joint press conference with his Serbian counterpart Ivica Dacic that Lebanon supported the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Serbia 291 292 M Country Position Mali Main article Kosovo Mali relations Following the August 2012 publication of a note verbale recognising Kosovo s independence purportedly signed by acting President of Mali Dioncounda Traore 293 state run media in Mali issued a statement in which the Presidency of Mali denied recognising Kosovo and claimed that the document was a fabrication 294 Pacolli claimed that the Malian Army who had recently seized control of the state in a coup d etat due to dissatisfaction over the governments handling of their own separatist uprising in Azawad had intervened to reverse the recognition granted by the civilian president 295 On Pacolli s return to Mali to seek clarification on the issue state leaders promised to reconfirm their recognition 296 Mauritius On 8 May 2008 Mauritian Secretary General for Foreign Affairs Anand Neewoor stated that the Government of Mauritius would not recognise Kosovo any time soon because of their concerns that it would have implications for their fight to regain the Chagos Islands On 28 August 2008 Patrice Cure head of the Multilateral Division at the Mauritian Foreign Ministry indicated no willingness by his government to reconsider its stance on Kosovo continuing to hold the line connecting Kosovo to Chagos issues 297 In June 2009 the Mauritian prime minister Navin Ramgoolam reportedly called the US embassy in Port Louis to say that he had decided that Mauritius would recognise Kosovo despite opposition from his foreign ministry 298 though the recognition did not take place Mexico On 19 February 2008 the Mexican Secretariat of Foreign Affairs issued a statement saying that Mexico was closely paying attention to the situation as it develops in order to adopt at an opportune moment a position on the declaration of independence The same statement called on all parties to agree peacefully through dialogue on the final status of Kosovo and to reach an agreement on the rights of minorities and the maintenance of peace and security in the Balkans 299 Mexican government officials have since then repeatedly underlined that Mexico does not intend to recognise Kosovo 300 Moldova Kosovo s declaration creates deep concerns in the Republic of Moldova the Moldovan government said in a February 2008 statement Moldova will not recognise Kosovo s independence 301 In December 2013 Moldovan Defence Minister Vitalie Marinuta stated on a visit to Serbia that Moldova will not recognise Kosovo 302 Mongolia On 8 May 2009 Kosovo s president Fatmir Sejdiu met Nyamaa Enkhbold the Mongolian Deputy Parliament Speaker to request recognition of Kosovo by Mongolia Mr Enkhbold reportedly promised to deal with the request once he had returned home 303 In a 17 July 2012 meeting with Kosovo s deputy prime minister Edita Tahiri both the Mongolian president and the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj and Gombojav Zandanshatar said that Mongolia would consider recognising the independence of Kosovo Elbegdorj promised that Mongolia would seriously consider recognising the independence of Kosovo in the very near future and has a very high appreciation for the movement of the people of Kosovo for freedom and independence Zandanshatar promised that his country would deliberate the issue of recognising Kosovo s independence 304 Morocco Main article Kosovo Morocco relations In June 2011 Moroccan government representatives explained that they had difficulty in recognising Kosovo due to the political context of Western Sahara 305 Mozambique In February 2008 Mozambican Deputy Foreign Minister Henrique Banze said in reference to Kosovo s declaration of independence We shall wait for the appropriate moment It s a very sensitive matter and like all matters of this kind it demands a lot of thought Our government will work so that it may make the most appropriate decision in this case 306 In November 2008 Mozambique s ambassador to the UN Filipe Chidumo stated that his government is monitoring developments and that it understands Kosovo s people s will for freedom and independence 307 At a meeting on 18 June 2009 with Kosovo s Foreign Minister Skender Hyseni Ambassador Chidumo reportedly said that the issue of Kosovo continues to remain on Mozambique s agenda and that he would resubmit the request for recognition to his government 308 In September 2012 Mozambique s Minister for Foreign Affairs and Co Operation Oldemiro Julio Marques Baloi said that his government would reconsider recognising Kosovo 309 Myanmar In January 2014 it was reported that Myanmar s Ministry of Foreign Affairs had sent a note to officials in Kosovo informing them of that they had recognised Kosovo s independence However Pacolli and Hoxhaj quickly denied that they had received any such note 310 N Country Position Namibia In September 2010 following talks with Namibian officials Serbian Foreign Minister Vuk Jeremic stated that Namibia has no intentions of recognising Kosovo The Foreign Minister of Namibia Utoni Nujoma said that the most important thing was to continue to search for a peaceful solution to the problem of Kosovo and that the opportunities should be sought for reconciliation between nations in the Balkans 311 Nepal A leaked 2009 cable from the US embassy in Kathmandu states that during a meeting with US Assistant Secretary Richard Boucher the Foreign Secretary of Nepal Gyan Chandra Acharya said that the Government of Nepal had yet to decide if it would recognise the independence of Kosovo Acharya acknowledged that Nepal understood the US interest in Kosovo s recognition but could not make a decision at the time because of regional sensitivities 312 Nicaragua In February 2008 Nicaragua s Foreign Minister Samuel Santos said that his country maintained a position of observation to the unilateral declaration of independence of Kosovo Nicaragua is watching the issue of Kosovo s independence we have friends who are in agreement with this independence and other friends who disagree there are some who are saying that independence is a threat to peace in that tender area We just look at this case and we have no opinion on this issue 313 Nigeria Main article Nigeria s reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence In July 2009 Umaru Yar Adua President of Nigeria said that Nigeria will not recognise Kosovo as an independent nation He said the decision not to recognise Kosovo was informed by Nigeria s historical experience of the civil war of 1967 to 1970 314 P Country Position Paraguay In February 2008 the Ministry of Foreign Relations of Paraguay published a statement saying that Paraguay took note of the independence declaration and was analysing the situation 315 In April 2010 it was reported that the Paraguayan president had told Kosovan pilot James Berisha who was on an awareness raising journey around Central and South America that Paraguay had already recognised Kosovo s independence but had not made this known so as not to jeopardise their relationship with Russia 316 better source needed Philippines In February 2008 Foreign Affairs Secretary Alberto Romulo said in a statement Considering the existing sensibilities in the region continued dialogue should be encouraged among all the parties concerned to ensure regional stability He also said the Philippines was not willing to recognise Kosovo as an independent nation 317 On 19 February 2008 Romulo stated that recognition could complicate peace talks with Muslim separatists in Mindanao He said that while the Philippines does not oppose the idea of independence for Kosovo it would prefer a settlement taking into account the internationally accepted principles of sovereignty and territorial integrity 318 In a November 2012 meeting with Kosovo s Foreign Minister Enver Hoxhaj Foreign Affairs Undersecretary Rafael E Seguis pledged support for Kosovo saying that his country has full understanding for the independence of Kosovo and that he would consider the request for recognition 319 R Country Position Romania Main article Romania s reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence On 18 February 2008 a joint session of the Parliament of Romania voted not to recognise Kosovo s independence by 357 to 27 with support from all parties except the UDMR Furthermore the President and the Prime Minister opposed recognition 320 321 Still in May 2015 Prime Minister Victor Ponta stated that in 2008 Romania decided not to recognize Kosovo However things have changed since then Governments have changed and some new decision on the recognition of Kosovo could be made because many things have changed in Kosovo since 2008 322 Russia Main article Russia s reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independenceRussia has strongly opposed Kosovo s independence But in 2014 when it recognised the Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Crimea Russia s Ministry of Foreign Affairs cited Kosovo s declaration and the ICJ decision as evidence that unilateral declarations of independence are not inconsistent with international law 323 the Kosovo independence precedent Rwanda On 11 February 2009 the Director of International Organisations at Rwanda s Foreign Ministry Ben Rutsinga said that the African Union had no unified position on Kosovo independence and that Rwanda would not reach an individual determination in advance of such a unified position 324 On 18 September 2009 the Rwandan Foreign Minister Rosemary Museminali said that some countries would be likely to criticise a Rwandan recognition of Kosovo accusing Rwanda of taking that stance in order to lay the basis for a similar breakaway by parts of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo She added that the Government of Kosovo had requested a meeting with her but she had not responded 325 S Country Position Saint Vincent and the Grenadines In February 2008 when asked about Kosovo the Prime Minister of St Vincent amp the Grenadines Ralph Gonsalves said that if the people of a country want independence then I think they should have it 326 At a meeting in August 2011 with U S Representative Eliot Engel both St Vincent amp the Grenadines Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Ralph Gonsalves and Louis Straker took on board the case for recognition of Kosovo and promised to review the issue 327 Sao Tome and Principe In March 2012 Sao Tome and Principe s Council of Ministers under then Prime Minister Patrice Trovoada adopted a resolution recognising Kosovo s independence 328 In January 2013 President Manuel Pinto da Costa issued a communication stating that the recognition was invalid as he had not been consulted on the decision as required by the country s Constitution 329 330 331 332 New Prime Minister Gabriel Costa said that the process of recognition was an anomalous situation 333 Kosovo Foreign Minister Enver Hoxhaj insisted that the recognition remains valid 334 First Deputy Prime Minister of Kosovo Behgjet Pacolli said that he received a note verbale recognising Kosovo from Trovoada and that it was a closed issue 335 Serbia See above Seychelles In September 2012 the Seychelles Foreign Minister Jean Paul Adam said that his country was not against Kosovo s independence and that formal recognition would occur very soon 336 337 In September 2014 Adam said that Seychelles would consider the recognition of Kosovo with utmost seriousness 338 Slovakia Main article Slovakia s reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independenceSlovakia has not recognised Kosovo but has given indications that its stance could change in the future especially if independence will be agreed with Serbia citation needed South Africa Main article South Africa s reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence South Africa s reaction to the independence of Kosovo has been mixed citation needed South Sudan Main article Kosovo South Sudan relations In July 2011 Kosovo s First deputy prime minister Behgjet Pacolli was invited to attend South Sudan s independence ceremony 339 In September 2013 the Foreign Minister of South Sudan Barnaba Marial Benjamin confirmed that the recognition of Kosovo was a matter of time 340 Spain Main article Spain s reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence Spain has been the only major country in Western Europe that has not recognised Kosovo originally because of objections to the legality of its unilateral declaration of independence under international law and also due to concerns about possible implications regarding its own issues with domestic independence movements 17 Although it has given indications that its stance may change citation needed increasing political tensions make it unlikely that Spain will soften its current position In 2022 Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez reaffirmed Spain s nonrecognition of Kosovo stating that their declaration of independence violated international law 341 Sri Lanka Main article Kosovo Sri Lanka relations In February 2008 the Foreign Ministry of Sri Lanka called Kosovo s declaration of independence a violation of the UN Charter and emphasised its concern that the act could set an unmanageable precedent in the conduct of international relations the established global order of sovereign States and could thus pose a grave threat to international peace and security 342 Sudan At the summit of the OIC on 10 March 2008 Sudan opposed adoption of the document proposed by Turkey that would lend support to Kosovo s declaration of independence 343 On 28 August 2008 Sudan s envoy to the UN Abdelmahmood Abdelhaleem stated that his government remains opposed to the independence of Kosovo 344 Syria On 13 May 2009 Syria s ambassador to Serbia Majed Shadoud reported that Syrian president Bashar al Assad told Serbian Foreign Minister Vuk Jeremic that his country continues to oppose the recognition of the independence of Kosovo Shadoud quoted al Assad as saying Syria urges a political solution for the situation in the Balkans and the Middle East and is opposed to any kind of divisions in both regions regardless of whether religious ethnic or nationalist reasons are in question 345 In April 2012 a Syrian opposition delegation Syrian National Council led by Ammar Abdulhamid visited Pristina and promised to recognise Kosovo immediately if they triumph in Syria 346 T Country Position Tajikistan In February 2008 the Chairman of the International Affairs Committee of the Tajik Assembly of Representatives Asomudin Saidov stated that Tajikistan will not recognise Kosovo s independence as it considers it to be the violation of legal norms and a danger for Europe 347 According to leaked US cables Tajikistan does not want to take a position on Kosovo due to concerns with the precedent for Abkhazia and South Ossetia 348 Trinidad and Tobago On 20 February 2008 Trinidad and Tobago s Foreign Minister Paula Gopee Scoon took a positive stance and promised the US Ambassador that she would pursue the matter of Kosovo s recognition 349 At a meeting on 25 March 2009 with Kosovo s Foreign Minister Skender Hyseni the Ambassador of Trinidad and Tobago to the UN Maria Annette Valere said that her country knows how important the process of international recognition is for Kosovo and that the government of Trinidad and Tobago would address the request for recognition in the near future 350 Tunisia Main article Kosovo Tunisia relations At a meeting in October 2012 with Albanian Foreign Minister and Chairman of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe Edmond Panariti the Tunisian Foreign Minister Rafik Abdessalem said that his government was seriously considering the issue of the recognition of Kosovo 351 Turkmenistan In a September 2010 meeting with Albanian prime minister Sali Berisha Turkmen president Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow said that his country would consider the recognition of Kosovo at the right time 352 U Country Position Uganda Main article Kosovo Uganda relations In February 2008 a senior Ugandan official said that the Ugandan government was carefully studying Kosovo s declaration of independence before it makes a decision to recognise it as a state or not 353 354 Ukraine Main article Ukraine s reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence Ukraine has as of August 2020 not recognised the independence of Kosovo On 6 August 2022 a resolution was presented in the Verkhovna Rada by the European Solidarity party which would recognise Kosovo as an independent state if passed 355 356 Uruguay According to Ultimas Noticias in March 2008 Uruguay has not recognised Kosovo s declaration of independence because doing so would not be in accordance with its required three pillars of recognition the principle of territorial integrity of states achieving a solution through dialogue and consensus and recognition by international organisations 357 On 27 September 2010 Uruguayan Deputy Foreign Minister Roberto Conde stated that Uruguay would never recognise the independence of Kosovo 358 Uzbekistan In February 2008 the Uzbek government stated that questions of independence should be decided in the UN assembly As for Kosovo Uzbekistan has yet to come up with a final position 359 V Country Position Venezuela Main article Kosovo Venezuela relations In February 2008 Venezuelan president Hugo Chavez announced that Venezuela does not recognise Kosovo s independence on the grounds that it has been achieved through United States pressure 248 On 24 March 2008 Chavez accused Washington of trying to weaken Russia by supporting independence for Kosovo He called Kosovo s prime minister Hashim Thaci a terrorist put in power by the United States 360 Vietnam In February 2008 the Vietnamese UN Ambassador Le Luong Minh reaffirmed Vietnam policy that the fact that Kosovo s unilateral declaration of independence is not a correct implementation of the U N Security Council Resolution 1244 and that will only complicate the situation in Kosovo and the Balkan region 361 In a 23 February 2011 meeting with Serbian Foreign Minister Vuk Jeremic Vietnamese deputy prime minister Pham Gia Khiem reaffirmed Vietnam s position of supporting Kosovo related issues under the United Nations Security Council s decree to gain comprehensive measures in terms of respecting national sovereignty and territorial integrity and assuring the benefits of involved nations 362 In a 24 November 2011 meeting with Albanian deputy prime minister and Foreign Minister Edmond Haxhinasto Vietnam s Foreign Minister Pham Binh Minh said that Vietnam was following the developments in Kosovo and that Serbia and Kosovo should continue the dialogue to find common ground that will be acceptable to both parties 363 Z Country Position Zambia Main article Zambia Kosovo relations In March 2008 Zambian Foreign Minister Kabinga Pande said that Zambia had not decided its position on the declaration of Kosovo s independence Pande said the government needed more time to analyse the matter 364 According to leaked US cables Zambia did not want to take a position on Kosovo due to concerns with the precedent for the Lozi tribe an ethnic group primarily inhabiting western Zambia which had an active separatist movement for independence from Zambia 365 non primary source needed Zimbabwe In April 2011 Claudius Nhema Deputy Director of Protocol in the Foreign Ministry of Zimbabwe reportedly told Kosovan pilot James Berisha that Zimbabwe would be considering Kosovo s recognition but that they should wait for a recommendation from the Zimbabwean UN representative who should bring it to the Foreign Ministry after which it would be taken to Parliament for ratification 366 In February 2013 the then Prime Minister of Zimbabwe Morgan Tsvangirai said that he would consider recognising Kosovo 367 Other states and entities Country Position Abkhazia In February 2008 Abkhazian de facto president Sergei Bagapsh regarded the promotion of Kosovo by the U S A and some European states towards the declaration of independence as a visible demonstration of the policy of double standards Why does not the world community put any attention to the violent actions against ethnic minorities living in Kosovo the lack of interethnic reconciliation Bagapsh noted We are solidly convinced of the fact that now we have got an even wider moral base for the recognition of our independence 368 On 5 September 2008 the Abkhazian Foreign Minister Sergei Shamba said he was ready to recognise Kosovo s independence if Kosovo agrees to recognize our own Abkhazia independence we will certainly recognize them as well 369 370 Artsakh In February 2008 Georgiy Petrosyan Foreign Minister of the Republic of Nagorno Karabakh said that he does not regard the conflict between his motherland and Azerbaijan and the conflict between Kosovo and Serbia as completely similar He noted that approaches and solutions which have recommended themselves while regulating one problem can be used when looking for a solution to another one Petrosyan stated that the recognition of independent Kosovo will become an additional factor strengthening the status of the Stepanakert government that he represents 371 On 12 March 2008 following Kosovo s declaration of independence the National Assembly of Nagorno Karabakh adopted a statement calling on the world s parliaments to be consistent in their recognition of states established on the basis of the right for self determination and not to use double standards The statement commended the stance of the international community respecting the human and civil rights of the majority of Kosovo s population 372 In December 2011 it was reported that Vasily Atajanyan the acting foreign minister of Nagorno Karabakh had said that Nagorno Karabakh would recognise Kosovo if recognition were reciprocated In response Enver Hoxhaj Foreign Minister of Kosovo said that Kosovo can only have formal relations with members of the UN 373 Holy See Main article Holy See s reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence The Holy See does not recognise Kosovo and supports the territorial respect and integrity of Serbia and per UN 1244 part of agreement with Eastern Orthodox Church and this has led to a warming of Holy See Serbia relations 374 The Cardinal Walter Kasper President of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity stated that the Holy See had not recognised the independence of Kosovo and did not intend to do so in the future 375 376 Northern Cyprus In February 2008 the President of Northern Cyprus Mehmet Ali Talat welcomed Kosovo s independence but a presidential spokesman said that the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus was not planning to recognise Kosovo 377 378 379 Palestine In February 2008 two senior Palestinian officials representing the Mahmoud Abbas West Bank controlling government who also are part of the team negotiating with Israel disagreed on what the Kosovo events implied for Palestine Yasser Abed Rabbo said If things are not going in the direction of continuous and serious negotiations then we should take the step and announce our independence unilaterally Kosovo is not better than us We deserve independence even before Kosovo and we ask for the backing of the United States and the European Union for our independence Saeb Erekat responded that the Palestine Liberation Organization had already declared independence in 1988 Now we need real independence not a declaration said Erekat We need real independence by ending the occupation We are not Kosovo We are under Israeli occupation and for independence we need to acquire independence 380 During a July 2009 state visit to Serbia President of the Palestinian National Authority Mahmoud Abbas when discussing both the situations in the Middle East and Kosovo said We are looking for a way to resolve these problems in a peaceful way by upholding international law We cannot impose solutions nor can we accept imposed solutions That is why we must negotiate 381 382 In September 2011 during the meeting of Foreign Ministers of the Non Aligned Movement summit in Belgrade the Palestinian Ambassador to the UN Riyad Mansour said that Palestine was a typical foreign occupation which cannot be compared to the issue of Kosovo as confirmed by international law and the UN 383 384 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic The Polisario Front which governs the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic has stated that the speedy recognition of Kosovo s independence by many countries shows the double standards of the international community considering that the Western Sahara issue remains unsolved after three decades 385 Somaliland In 2010 the President of Somaliland Ahmed Mahamoud Silanyo said We are heartened by Kosovo and what s happened to Southern Sudan that means it opens the door for us The principle that countries should remain as they were at the time of independence has changed so why should it not work for us as well 386 South Ossetia In February 2008 the South Ossetian de facto president Eduard Kokoity stated that it is not fair to compare this breakaway region with Kosovo because South Ossetians have far more right to a state of their own than Kosovo Albanians He said that Kosovo Albanians got independence after NATO s aggression on Serbia Americans and NATO member countries took away Serbia s province I feel sincerely for the Serb people and that Serbs had a well organized state that provided for a normal life for Albanians For this reason what Americans have done to the Serbs was injustice 387 Transnistria Transnistria has no policy towards Kosovo but the Transnistrian Foreign Ministry has said that The declaration and recognition of Kosovo are of fundamental importance since thereby a new conflict settlement model has been established based on the priority of people s right to self determination Pridnestrovie Transnistria holds that this model should be applicable to all conflicts which have similar political legal and economic bases 388 Positions taken by intergovernmental organisationsMain article Membership of Kosovo in international organizations Intergovernmental organisations do not themselves diplomatically recognise any state their member states do so individually However depending on the intergovernmental organisation s rules of internal governance and the positions of their member states they may express positive or negative opinions as to declarations of independence or choose to offer or withhold membership to a partially recognised state International organisation Position Arab League In May 2009 the Secretary General of the Arab League Amr Moussa welcomed a request by Kosovo s Foreign Minister Skender Hyseni to establish regular communications 389 At a meeting on 18 June 2009 with Hyseni the representative of the Arab League to the UN Yahya A Mahmassani said that the Kosovo issue was being discussed at the Arab League and that there would be gradual movement towards recognition as most Arab states are supportive of Kosovo 308 Member states 13 22 Algeria Bahrain Comoros Djibouti Egypt Iraq Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Libya Mauritania Morocco Oman Palestine Qatar Saudi Arabia Somalia Sudan Syria Tunisia United Arab Emirates Yemen Have recognised Kosovo Caribbean Community CARICOM In August 2010 Albanian Parliament Speaker Jozefina Topalli received a letter from the chairman of the Grenadian Parliament George J McGuire stating that CARICOM members would soon make a joint decision on the recognition of Kosovo 390 On 19 August 2011 it was reported that the CARICOM members had made a joint decision to recognise Kosovo but that each state would announce official recognition separately 391 Member states 9 15 Antigua and Barbuda Bahamas Barbados Belize Dominica Grenada Guyana Haiti Jamaica Montserrat Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Have recognised Kosovo British Overseas Territory the UK which recognises Kosovo represents its foreign affairs Council of Europe CoE Kosovo plans to apply for membership in the CoE since it considers that it fulfills the statutory requirements to do so If Kosovo receives positive votes from 2 3 of the member countries it will be admitted to the CoE Kosovo has already been recognised by 2 3 of the CoE members thus it should be able to join the organisation 392 393 394 In May 2012 the Chairman of the Committee of Ministers of the CoE Edmond Haxhinasto pledged to work for a stronger role for Kosovo during the Albanian chairmanship of the Council 395 Haxhinasto added that Kosovo would in the near future be a part of the family of states of the Council of Europe 396 However the Secretary General of the CoE Thorbjorn Jagland commented that membership of Kosovo depends on the willingness of members 397 The Council of Europe Development Bank s board of directors voted in favour of Kosovo s membership on 14 June 2013 during their meeting in Malta 398 In June 2014 Kosovo became a member state of the Venice Commission an advisory body of the Council of Europe 399 Member states 34 46 Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands North Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal Romania San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Have recognised Kosovo European Bank for Reconstruction and Development EBRD A resolution agreeing to the membership of Kosovo in the EBRD was approved by its Board of Governors on 16 November 2012 providing that by 17 December 2012 it has completed the necessary internal procedures 400 401 On 8 February 2013 Kosovo s Foreign Minister Enver Hoxhaj and the President of EBRD Suma Chakrabarti signed an agreement on economic cooperation and activities 402 European Union EU The EU like other IGOs does not possess the legal capacity to diplomatically recognise any state member states do so individually The majority of member states have recognised Kosovo To articulate a common EU policy of either support or opposition to Kosovo s independence would require unanimity on the subject from all 27 member states which does not presently exist On 18 February 2008 the EU officially stated that it would take note of the resolution of the Kosovo assembly 403 The EU sent a EULEX mission to Kosovo which included a special representative and 2 000 police and judicial personnel 404 405 Although the European Parliament has not been formally vested with the authority to shape the EU s foreign policy it was seen to be expressing its acceptance of Kosovan independence when it hosted the Kosovan Assembly in an interparliamentary meeting on 30 May 2008 This was also the first time Kosovo s flag was officially hoisted at an EU institution 406 407 On 5 February 2009 the European Parliament adopted a resolution that encouraged all EU member states to recognise Kosovo The resolution also welcomed the successful deployment of EULEX across Kosovo and rejected the possibility of Kosovo s partition It was passed with 424 voted in favour and 133 against Some Romanian and Communist representatives called for a new international conference on Kosovo s status or to allow the northern part of the country to join Serbia 408 409 On 8 July 2010 the European Parliament adopted a resolution welcoming the recognition by all Member States of the independence of Kosovo and stating that EU member states should step up their common approach towards Kosovo The resolution rejected the possibility of a partition of Kosovo 410 On 29 March 2012 the European Parliament adopted a resolution that urged the five EU member states that had not recognised Kosovo s independence to do so 411 Member states 22 27 Candidates 4 5 Austria Belgium Bulgaria Cyprus Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Candidates Albania Montenegro North Macedonia Serbia Turkey Bold Presiding the Council of the European Union at time of declaration Have recognised Kosovo International Monetary Fund IMF On 15 July 2008 the IMF issued a statement saying It has been determined that Kosovo has seceded from Serbia as a new independent state and that Serbia is the continuing state thus acknowledging the separation of Kosovo from Serbia 412 After their membership was approved in a secret ballot by 108 states 413 Kosovo signed the IMF s Articles of Agreement on 29 June 2009 to become a full member of the fund 414 415 Interpol To become a member of Interpol a country would need the votes of 2 3 of Interpol s 194 members Kosovo has tried to join Interpol on three different occasions most recently in November 2018 when it received positive votes from 68 countries falling short of the two thirds majority needed 416 International Organization for Migration IOM At a meeting on 30 March 2012 with Kosovo s Deputy Foreign Minister Petrit Selimi deputy director of the IOM Laura Thomson expressed readiness to continue advanced discussions with the representatives of Kosovo to further advance the prospects for membership 417 North Atlantic Treaty Organization NATO NATO maintains that its ongoing Kosovo Force mission and mandate remain unchanged and that NATO reaffirms that KFOR shall remain in Kosovo on the basis of UNSCR 1244 as agreed by Foreign Ministers in December 2007 unless the UN Security Council decides otherwise 418 Member states 26 30 Candidates 0 1 Albania Belgium Bulgaria Canada Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Estonia France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Montenegro Netherlands North Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Turkey United Kingdom United States Candidate Bosnia and Herzegovina Have recognised Kosovo Organisation of Islamic Cooperation OIC In February 2008 Secretary General of the OIC Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu said Kosovo has finally declared its independence after a long and determined struggle by its people As we rejoice this happy result we declare our solidarity with and support to our brothers and sisters there The Islamic Umma wishes them success in their new battle awaiting them which is the building of a strong and prosperous a state capable of satisfying of its people 419 The OIC did not call on its individual member states to extend recognition as some member states including Azerbaijan Egypt Indonesia and Sudan were firmly against any issuance of such a statement 420 On 25 May 2009 at the OIC s 36th session of the Council of Foreign Ministers in Damascus the 57 member states adopted a resolution that noted Kosovo s declaration of independence upheld the role of the UN in Kosovo reaffirmed the strong interest of the OIC regarding Muslims in the Balkans welcomed the co operation of Kosovo with the OIC Economic and Financial institutions and called on the international community to continue contributing to the fostering of Kosovo s economy 421 It has been reported that an earlier draft of the resolution tabled by Saudi Arabia had called for recognition of Kosovo by Islamic countries but this was rejected by some member states including Syria Egypt and Azerbaijan 422 The OIC mechanism is similar to the one adopted by the EU which leaves it up to member states to decide 423 In June 2011 the OIC adopted a resolution calling on member states to consider recognising Kosovo but once again it left the recognition issue to individual member states 424 In November 2012 the OIC adopted a resolution calling on member states to consider recognising Kosovo based on their free and sovereign rights as well as on their national practice 425 Ihsanoglu expressed support for strengthening the international subjectivity of the Republic of Kosovo 426 In February 2013 the OIC renewed the previous resolution and urged all of its member states to recognise Kosovo 427 Member states 33 57 Afghanistan Albania Algeria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Benin Burkina Faso Brunei Cameroon Chad Comoros Cote d Ivoire Djibouti Egypt Gabon Gambia Guinea Guinea Bissau Guyana Indonesia Iran Iraq Jordan Kuwait Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Lebanon Libya Maldives Malaysia Mali Mauritania Morocco Mozambique Niger Nigeria Oman Pakistan Palestine Qatar Saudi Arabia Senegal Sierra Leone Somalia Sudan Suriname Syria Tajikistan Togo Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Uganda United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Yemen Have recognised Kosovo Organization for Security and Co operation in Europe OSCE On 19 February 2008 Chairman Ilkka Kanerva and OSCE Minorities Commissioner Knut Vollebaek called for Kosovo s government to vigorously implement agreed upon frameworks regarding minorities 428 Serbia has vowed to oppose OSCE membership for Kosovo and is calling for the organisation to condemn the declaration of independence 429 Member states 36 56 Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Canada Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands North Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Tajikistan Turkey Turkmenistan Ukraine United Kingdom United States Uzbekistan Vatican City Have recognised Kosovo United Nations UN Russia called an emergency session of the United Nations Security Council on 17 February 2008 but the council members given differences in stated position between permanent members failed to reach a consensus Russia requested another meeting on 18 February In March 2008 the UNMIK mission in Kosovo told the Serbian government to cease its interference in North Kosovo after local Serbs burned down a customs office set up by the Republic of Kosovo 430 In order for Kosovo to attain a UN seat it would require the agreement of the five permanent members of the Security Council of which only three currently recognise Kosovo UK France and the US On 17 January 2012 the President of Kosovo Atifete Jahjaga had a meeting with the President of the United Nations General Assembly Nassir Abdulaziz Al Nasser who stated that he will continue to support Kosovo in all initiatives and processes through which it is running 431 On 11 July 2012 the elected President of the United Nations General Assembly Serb Vuk Jeremic said that Kosovo s move to join the UN during his upcoming presidency of the UN General Assembly would be an act of pointless provocation As long as Serbia presides over the UN and that s for the next year this could only happen over my dead body Jeremic said 432 However Secretary General Ban Ki moon said that Jeremic should have stated this as an official of Serbia not as the President of the UN General Assembly 433 Member states 101 193 Permanent members of Security Council 3 5 China France Russia United Kingdom United States Have recognised Kosovo World Bank On 29 June 2009 the Republic of Kosovo became a full member of the World Bank 434 World Customs Organization On 3 March 2017 the Republic of Kosovo became a full member of the World Customs Organization 435 Positions taken by other actorsAutonomous regions and secessionist movements Entity Position Balochistan In August 2010 former Baloch separatist leader Jumma Khan Marri welcomed the independence of Kosovo and the ruling by the ICJ that the declaration of independence by Kosovo was not in violation of international law 436 However Jumma Khan Marri has since distanced himself from the movement and now advocates against secession 437 In October 2010 former Minister of Fisheries and opposition member of the Balochistan Assembly Kachkol Ali hailed the decision of the International Court of Justice on Kosovo s declaration of Independence as a glorious judgment for the national liberation movements He said that it was a beacon of hope for enslaved nations 438 Basque Government The regional Basque government unlike the central Spanish government in Madrid responded very positively to Kosovo s declaration of independence A regional government spokeswoman said that It s a lesson to be followed when it comes to peaceful and democratic solutions of the identity and allegiance problems It shows that respect of the citizens will is the key to solving difficult political problems 439 Catalonia In July 2010 following the ICJ decision the Catalan nationalist parties expressed that there are clear parallels between their case and Kosovo s Joan Puigcercos the President of the Republican Left of Catalonia stated that the ICJ decision shows that Catalonia s independence could be legal and recognised at an international level The Democratic Convergence of Catalonia party asked the Spanish Government to recognise Kosovo s independence and the right of self determination of the people 440 On 23 July 2010 Jose Montilla President of the Generalitat of Catalonia said that Catalonia and Kosovo have little in common 441 In March 2012 during a fierce debate with Spanish prime minister Mariano Rajoy Convergence and Union general secretary Josep Antoni Duran i Lleida asked for the immediate recognition of Kosovo by Spain and stated that the reasons for non recognition are not international but internal 442 Central Tibetan Administration government in exile In June 2008 an article was published on the website of the Central Tibetan Administration saying that if Kosovo has a right to independence then Tibet has every right to become an independent nation and Tibetans are fully entitled to the right of self determination 443 In April 2010 the 14th Dalai Lama then joint executive authority within the government in exile sent a telegram of congratulations to Kosovo s prime minister Hashim Thaci saying that he is satisfied with the independence of Kosovo and that he prays that Kosovo s democratic state will be a model for others to follow 444 Chechen Republic of Ichkeria government in exile Usman Ferzauli the Foreign Minister of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria said that his country welcome the declaration of state independence by Kosovo and do not question the right of the people of Kosovo to distance themselves from the state that terrorized it 445 The Prime Minister of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria Akhmed Zakayev stated in an April 2010 interview that to him and his nation Kosovo represented a hope and also made reference to a letter he had apparently sent to Kosovo s prime minister Hashim Thaci congratulating the latter 446 East Turkestan government in exile On 18 February 2008 Ansar Yusuf Turani the representative of the government in exile released a press statement saying On behalf of the people of East Turkistan the East Turkistan Government in Exile hereby recognizes Kosovo as an independent and sovereign state and wishes peace and prosperity for the people of Kosovo 447 Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front On 11 March 2008 the Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front staged a demonstration in Brussels in front of the European Commission building It was headed by one of its leaders Barrister Abdul Majeed Tramboo and its agenda cited Kosovo s independence demanding equal treatment and commensurate application of the same solution by the EU in the Kashmir dispute involving India Pakistan and China Protesters included EU Parliament members students and various NGO constituents and representatives 448 Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People Crimea Mustafa Dzhemilev the Chairman of the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People declared that he supported the right of self determination for every nation including Kosovo 449 He also added that the Crimean Tatars will not start a secession process from Ukraine if their rights are respected Cemilev stated that he believes the motive for the Kosovars to declare independence was the anti Albanian situation in Kosovo 450 International non governmental organisations See also Membership of Kosovo in international sports federations International organisation PositionEuropean Broadcasting Union EBU Radio Television of Kosovo RTK is not an active member of the EBU and therefore they cannot participate in the Eurovision Song Contest and sister projects However there is a cooperation agreement between RTK and the EBU 451 and they were allowed to participate in the Eurovision Young Dancers 2011 competition On 30 March 2012 during a meeting in Geneva with Kosovo s Deputy Foreign Minister Petrit Selimi Ingrid Delterne executive director of the EBU expressed readiness for Kosovo s membership in the ITU 417 International Olympic Committee IOC The Olympic Committee of Kosovo became a full member of the International Olympic Committee on 9 December 2014 452 The Olympic Committee of Kosovo has been in existence since 1992 453 Kosovo was a provisional member of the IOC from 22 October 2014 through 9 December 2014 454 Federation Internationale de Football Association FIFA Kosovo played their first official match in 2014 against Haiti In April 2016 Kosovo were voted into UEFA and on 13 May 2016 at the 66th FIFA congress in Mexico City Kosovo along with Gibraltar were voted into the organisation Only 23 associations voted against Kosovo s membership They took part in their first World Cup qualifier in their 1 1 draw with Finland Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization UNPO UNPO issued a statement on 18 February 2008 for regions in similar conditions Kosova s independence represents new hope for the future of their own potential statehood 455 In the days that followed several African UNPO members expressed their own individual secession minded reactions to Kosovo s independence 456 Norwegian Nobel Committee After former President of Finland Martti Ahtisaari received the 2008 Nobel Peace Prize for his important efforts to resolve international conflicts 457 including his work in Kosovo as a UN special envoy the Norwegian Nobel Committee Secretary who had been also the Director of the Norwegian Nobel Institute Geir Lundestad said that the committee believed there is no alternative to an independent Kosovo 458 International Organization for Standardization ISO Kosovo is not a member of the governing structures for the ISO Independently of its ISO membership status ISO will also potentially issue a standardised country code for Kosovo According to rules of procedure followed by the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency based in Geneva a new ISO 3166 1 code for Kosovo will only be issued once it appears in the UN Terminology Bulletin Country Names or in the UN Statistics Division s list of Country and Region Codes for Statistical Use 459 To appear in the terminology bulletin it must either a be admitted into the UN b join a UN Specialised Agency or c become a state party to the Statute of the International Court of Justice 460 Criterion b was met when Kosovo joined the International Monetary Fund and World Bank a terminology bulletin has yet to be circulated Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers ICANN ICANN through its Country Code Names Supporting Organization is responsible for adding new country code top level domains ccTLDs for use in Internet addressing Rules of procedure dictate Kosovo must first receive an ISO 3166 1 code discussed above before the ccTLD can be introduced speculation has centred on ks as the likeliest candidate 461 462 International Road and Transport Union IRU Kosovo officially became the 181st member of the IRU in May 2009 463 International Bar Association IBA Kosovo officially became a member of the IBA on 28 May 2009 464 465 See alsoForeign relations of Kosovo List of diplomatic missions in Kosovo List of diplomatic missions of Kosovo Membership of Kosovo in international organisations Membership of Kosovo in international sports federations Advisory opinion on Kosovo s declaration of independence Reactions to the International Court of Justice advisory opinion on Kosovo s declaration of independence Kosovo Serbia relations Belgrade Pristina negotiations List of states with limited recognitionNotesReferences Kosovo MPs proclaim independence BBC News 17 February 2008 The world s newest state The Economist 21 February 2008 International recognitions of the Republic of Kosovo Ministry of Foreign Affairs Archived from the original on 15 May 2021 Retrieved 6 July 2021 a b Riechmann Deb 4 September 2020 Serbia Kosovo normalize economic ties gesture to Israel Associated Press a b Serbia to move embassy to Jerusalem mostly Muslim Kosovo to recognize Israel The Times of Israel 9 April 2020 a b Kosovo and Serbia Signed Separate Pledges Not an Agreement 4 September 2020 Kosovo breakaway illegal says Putin The Guardian 15 February 2008 Russia India China urge resumption of Kosovo talks Xinhua 15 May 2008 Report of the Secretary General on the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo 15 July 2008 S 2008 458 United Nations 18 July 2008 U N council clears way for EU mission in Kosovo Reuters UK 27 November 2008 Backing Request by Serbia General Assembly Decides to Seek International Court of Justice Ruling on Legality of Kosovo s Independence United Nations 8 October 2008 Accordance with international law of the unilateral declaration of independence in respect of Kosovo Advisory Opinion Archived 24 September 2020 at the Wayback Machine International Court of Justice I C J Reports 2010 p 403 ICJ Accordance with International Law of the Unilateral Declaration of Independence in Respect Of Kosovo PDF France Diplomacy Kosovo Department of Foreign Affairs of the French Republic Retrieved 19 May 2020 Himmrich Julia 2020 Armakolas Ioannis Ker Lindsay James eds Germany From Cautious Recogniser to Kosovo s Key EU Ally The Politics of Recognition and Engagement EU Member State Relations with Kosovo New Perspectives on South East Europe Springer International Publishing pp 61 82 doi 10 1007 978 3 030 17945 8 4 ISBN 9783030179458 S2CID 198827704 a b Ferrero Turrion Ruth 2020 Armakolas Ioannis Ker Lindsay James eds Spain Kosovo s Strongest Opponent in Europe The Politics of Recognition and Engagement EU Member State Relations with Kosovo New Perspectives on South East Europe Springer International Publishing pp 215 235 doi 10 1007 978 3 030 17945 8 11 ISBN 9783030179458 S2CID 198788916 a b Ferrero Turrion Ruth 2020 The consequences of state non recognition the cases of Spain and Kosovo European Politics and Society 22 3 347 358 doi 10 1080 23745118 2020 1762958 ISSN 2374 5118 S2CID 219428259 a b Armakolas Ioannis 2020 Armakolas Ioannis Ker Lindsay James eds Greece Kosovo s Most Engaged Non recogniser The Politics of Recognition and Engagement EU Member State Relations with Kosovo New Perspectives on South East Europe Springer International Publishing pp 123 146 doi 10 1007 978 3 030 17945 8 7 ISBN 9783030179458 S2CID 198680021 Serbia Expels Macedonia Envoy over Kosovo Balkan Insight 10 October 2008 Kosovo Serbia Liaison Officers to Start Work Balkan Insight December 2012 Serbs lied to that Kosovo is ours Serbian PM Reuters 7 March 2013 Kosovo and Serbia Make a Deal Foreign Affairs 25 April 2013 Pristina and Belgrade exchange their ambassadors Independent Balkan News Agency 17 June 2013 Kosovo lifts all tariffs on Serbian Bosnian goods Deutsche Welle Retrieved 13 May 2020 Serbia to seek World Court opinion about Kosovo s declaration of independence International Herald Tribune 27 March 2008 Retrieved 27 March 2008 UN General Assembly backs Serbia s initiative on Kosovo SETimes com Retrieved 28 April 2010 UN seeks World Court Kosovo view BBC 8 October 2008 Retrieved 8 October 2008 Latest developments Accordance with international law of the unilateral declaration of independence in respect of Kosovo International Court of Justice www icj cij org Retrieved 13 July 2021 ICJ Accordance with International Law of the Unilateral Declaration of Independence in Respect Of Kosovo PDF Archived PDF from the original on 16 January 2021 Tanner Adam Stevenson Reed 22 July 2010 Kosovo independence declaration deemed legal Reuters Retrieved 3 August 2010 Siroky David S Popovic Milos Mirilovic Nikola 16 December 2020 Unilateral secession international recognition and great power contestation Journal of Peace Research 58 5 1049 1067 doi 10 1177 0022343320963382 ISSN 0022 3433 S2CID 230557207 The Statement of Islamic Republic of Afghanistan on the Recognition of Independence of Kosovo Ministry of Foreign Affairs 18 February 2008 Archived from the original on 21 May 2008 Retrieved 4 July 2021 Berisha Sali 18 February 2008 Statement of Prime Minister of Albania Mr Sali Berisha on Recognition of Independence of Kosova Prime Minister of Albania Archived from the original on 25 April 2015 Retrieved 4 July 2021 Costa Rica Establecimiento relaciones diplomaticas con 18 paises 2006 2008 Costa Rica Establishment of diplomatic relations with 18 countries 2006 2008 in Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Worship 8 May 2008 p 93 Archived from the original on 24 September 2015 Retrieved 4 July 2021 Kosovo Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs 2 March 2011 Archived from the original on 29 June 2011 Retrieved 4 July 2021 Senegal Kosovo Independence Dakar reconnait le nouvel Etat Senegal Kosovo Independence Dakar recognizes the new state in French Agence de Presse Senegalaise 18 February 2008 Archived from the original on 17 December 2014 Retrieved 4 July 2021 Babacan Ali 18 February 2008 Statement of H E Mr Ali Babacan Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Turkey Regarding the Recognition of Kosovo by Turkey 18 February 2008 Ministry of Foreign Affairs Archived from the original on 4 December 2008 Retrieved 4 July 2021 UK to recognise independent Kosovo PM Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 18 February 2008 Archived from the original on 10 May 2008 Retrieved 4 July 2021 Rice Condoleezza 18 February 2008 U S Recognizes Kosovo as Independent State United States Department of State Retrieved 4 July 2021 Australia Recognises the Republic of Kosovo Minister for Foreign Affairs 19 February 2008 Archived from the original on 28 February 2008 Retrieved 4 July 2021 Announcement by Minister of Foreign Affairs of Republic of Latvia on recognition of Kosovo s independence Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the republic of Latvia 20 February 2008 Archived from the original on 27 November 2012 Retrieved 4 July 2021 Germany recognises Kosovo The Press and Information Office of the Federal Government 20 February 2008 Archived from the original on 19 October 2011 Retrieved 4 July 2021 Estonia recognises Republic of Kosovo Minister of Foreign Affairs 21 February 2008 Archived from the original on 4 June 2011 Retrieved 5 July 2021 Consiglio dei Ministri n 93 del 21 febbraio 2008 Council of Ministers n 93 of 21 February 2008 Presidency of the Council of Ministers 21 February 2008 Archived from the original on 2 April 2008 Retrieved 5 July 2021 Denmark recognizes Kosovo as an independent state Ministry of Foreign Affairs 21 February 2008 Archived from the original on 19 July 2011 Retrieved 5 July 2021 Le Luxembourg reconnait formellement le Kosovo Luxembourg formally recognizes Kosovo in French Government of Luxembourg 21 February 2008 Archived from the original on 26 February 2008 Retrieved 5 July 2021 Peru decide reconocer independencia de Kosovo Peru decides to recognize Kosovo s independence in Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs 22 February 2008 Archived from the original on 26 February 2008 Retrieved 5 July 2008 Albert II of Belgium 24 February 2008 Arrete royal relatif a la reconnaissance de la Republique du Kosovo Royal decree on the recognition of the Republic of Kosovo Belgian official journal in French Archived from the original on 19 July 2017 Retrieved 7 July 2021 Government has recognised the independence of Kosovo The Chancellery of the Prime Minister 26 February 2008 Archived from the original on 5 August 2012 Retrieved 5 July 2008 Bilateral relations Switzerland Kosovo www eda admin ch Retrieved 1 April 2022 Plassnik Ursula 28 February 2008 Plassnik Letter on Kosovo s recognition signed Federal Ministry for European and International Affairs Archived from the original on 9 November 2012 Retrieved 5 July 2008 Minister for Foreign Affairs Dermot Ahern TD Announces Ireland s recognition of the Republic of Kosovo Ministry of Foreign Affairs 29 February 2008 Archived from the original on 5 March 2008 Retrieved 5 July 2008 Sweden recognises the Republic of Kosovo Ministry for Foreign Affairs 4 March 2008 Archived from the original on 5 March 2008 Retrieved 5 July 2008 The Netherlands recognises Kosovo Ministry of Foreign Affairs 4 March 2008 Archived from the original on 21 June 2018 Retrieved 5 July 2021 The Government of Iceland formally recognizes Kosovo Ministry for Foreign Affairs 5 March 2008 Archived from the original on 22 July 2011 Retrieved 5 July 2021 Slovenia Recognizes Kosovo Slovenian Press Agency 5 March 2008 Archived from the original on 16 February 2009 Retrieved 5 July 2021 Finland recognised the Republic of Kosovo Ministry for Foreign Affairs 7 March 2008 Archived from the original on 11 April 2008 Retrieved 5 July 2021 Canada Kosovo Relations Embassy of Canada Zagreb April 2019 Retrieved 6 July 2021 Kōmura Masahiko 18 March 2008 Statement by Foreign Minister Masahiko Koumura on the Recognition of the Republic of Kosovo Ministry of Foreign Affairs Retrieved 6 July 2021 Principata e Monakos njohu Republiken e Kosoves The Principality of Monaco recognized the Republic of Kosovo in Albanian President of Kosovo Retrieved 6 July 2021 Hungary recognizes Kosovo s Independence Minister of Foreign Affairs 19 March 2008 Archived from the original on 23 March 2008 Retrieved 6 July 2021 Croatia recognises Kosovo Government of Croatia 19 March 2008 Archived from the original on 24 March 2008 Retrieved 6 July 2021 Sergei Stanishev 20 March 2008 Bulgarian Government s decision to recognize the independence of Kosovo is fully complied with the country s national interests and our commitment to the future of the region Ministry of Foreign Affairs Archived from the original on 3 November 2013 Retrieved 6 July 2021 Liechtenstein anerkennt den Kosovo Liechtenstein recognizes Kosovo in German Government of Liechtenstein 28 March 2008 Archived from the original on 3 April 2008 Retrieved 6 July 2021 Recognition of the Republic of Kosovo Ministry of Foreign Affairs 28 March 2008 Archived from the original on 9 April 2008 Retrieved 6 July 2021 Norge anerkjenner Kosovo som selvstendig stat Norway recognizes Kosovo as an independent state in Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs 28 March 2008 Retrieved 6 July 2021 SIG Service d Information du Gouvernement Burkina Faso Compte rendu du conseil des Ministres du 23 avril 2008 www sig bf 8 September 2011 Retrieved 7 July 2021 Jursenas Ceslovas 6 May 2008 Resolution on the recognition of the Republic of Kosovo Seimas Retrieved 6 July 2021 Delibera n 8 del 12 05 2008 Riconoscimento della Repubblica del Kosovo da parte della Re pubblica di San Marino Resolution no 8 of 12 05 2008 Recognition of the Republic of Kosovo by the Republic of San Marino in Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs 12 May 2008 Retrieved 6 July 2021 dead link The Czech Republic has recognized independence of Kosovo Ministry of Foreign Affairs 21 May 2008 Archived from the original on 3 June 2008 Retrieved 6 July 2021 Liberia annuls letter of recognition of Kosovo B92 20 June 2018 Retrieved 8 July 2021 Liberia Reaffirms Bilateral Ties with Kosovo Ministry of Foreign Affairs June 2018 Retrieved 8 July 2021 Kosovo in Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs 4 August 2008 Archived from the original on 23 February 2013 Retrieved 8 July 2021 Belize njeh pavaresine e Kosoves Belize recognizes Kosovo s independence in Albanian President of Kosovo 7 August 2008 Retrieved 9 July 2021 Malta Recognizes Kosovo as an Independent State Ministry for Foreign and European Affairs 22 August 2008 Archived from the original on 27 June 2009 Retrieved 9 July 2021 Samoa njeh pavaresine e Kosoves Samoa recognizes Kosovo s independence in Albanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs 15 September 2019 Archived from the original on 13 March 2013 Retrieved 9 July 2021 Comunicado de Imprensa Kosovo Press Release Kosovo PDF in Portuguese Ministry of Foreign Affairs 8 October 2008 Archived from the original PDF on 21 July 2011 Retrieved 9 July 2021 Joint Statement of the Government of Montenegro and the Government of the Republic of Macedonia Government of Montenegro 9 October 2008 Archived from the original on 13 February 2021 Retrieved 9 July 2021 Macedonia recognizes Kosovo Media Information Agency 9 October 2008 Archived from the original on 15 October 2008 Retrieved 9 July 2021 UAE recognises Kosovo Emirates News Agency 14 October 2008 Archived from the original on 17 October 2008 Retrieved 9 July 2021 Press Statement by the Minister of Foreign Affaits of Malaysia on the recognition of Kosovo s independence Ministry of Foreign Affairs 1 November 2008 Archived from the original on 17 September 2009 Retrieved 9 July 2021 Pohnpei Palikir 5 December 2008 FSM Recognizes Kosovo Act of Self Determination Government of the Federated States of Micronesia Archived from the original on 30 March 2017 Retrieved 9 July 2021 Comunicado de prensa sobre reconocimiento de la Republica de Kosovo Press release on recognition of the Republic of Kosovo in Spanish President of Panama 16 January 2009 Archived from the original on 20 April 2009 Retrieved 9 July 2021 Maldives extends full diplomatic recognition to the Republic of Kosovo Ministry of Foreign Affairs 19 February 2009 Archived from the original on 22 July 2011 Retrieved 9 July 2021 Musliu Vjosa 10 March 2009 Palau is 56th State to Recognise Kosovo Balkan Insight Balkan Insight Retrieved 23 September 2022 Gambia recognizes Kosovo s independence Ministry of Foreign Affairs 7 April 2009 Archived from the original on 13 March 2013 Retrieved 9 July 2021 The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia recognizes the Republic of Kosovo Ministry of Foreign Affairs 20 April 2009 Archived from the original on 13 March 2013 Retrieved 9 July 2021 Bahrain recognizes Kosovo Bahrain News Agency 19 May 2009 Archived from the original on 7 September 2012 Retrieved 9 July 2021 Jordan recognizes the Republic of Kosovo Ministry of Foreign Affairs 8 July 2009 Archived from the original on 13 March 2013 Retrieved 9 July 2021 Dominican Republic recognized the Republic of Kosovo Ministry of Foreign Affairs 11 July 2009 Archived from the original on 13 March 2013 Retrieved 9 July 2021 New Zealand recognizes the Republic of Kosovo Ministry of Foreign Affairs 9 November 2009 Archived from the original on 13 March 2013 Retrieved 9 July 2021 Republic of Malawi recognizes Kosovo as independent and sovereign state Ministry of Foreign Affairs 16 December 2009 Archived from the original on 13 March 2013 Retrieved 9 July 2021 The Islamic Republic of Mauritania recognized the Republic of Kosovo Ministry of Foreign Affairs 12 January 2010 Archived from the original on 13 March 2013 Retrieved 9 July 2021 Recognition of the Republic of Kosovo by the Kingdom of Swaziland Ministry of Foreign Affairs 12 April 2010 Archived from the original on 13 March 2013 Retrieved 9 July 2021 Note No 06 2010 PDF Ministry of Foreign Affairs 12 April 2010 Archived from the original PDF on 13 March 2013 Retrieved 9 July 2021 Marzouk Lawrence 29 April 2010 Vanuatu Recognises Kosovo Balkan Insight Retrieved 9 July 2021 Recognition is confirmed by Djibouti Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo 12 May 2010 Somalia recognized the Republic of Kosovo Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo 21 May 2010 Honduras recognises the Republic of Kosovo Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo 3 September 2010 Kiribati recognises the Republic of Kosovo Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo 25 October 2010 Verbal Note New Kosovo Alliance Archived from the original on 13 March 2013 Tuvalu recognises Republic of Kosovo Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo 19 November 2010 Qatar recognized the Republic of Kosovo Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo 7 January 2011 Verbal Note Lajme Shqip 8 September 2011 in French The Government of the Republic of Guinea Bissau has withdrawn the decision on recognition of Kosovo Government of Serbia 21 July 2017 Archived from the original on 12 February 2020 Retrieved 21 July 2017 Gvineja Bisao povukla odluku o priznanju Kosova iz 2011 b92 net in Serbian Tanjug 21 November 2017 Retrieved 21 November 2017 Prime Minister of the Republic of Guinea Bissau denies that the country has recognized Kosovo mfa gov rs Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Serbia 17 November 2017 Archived from the original on 30 July 2019 Retrieved 21 November 2017 Ministria e Jashtme pranon Noten Verbale te ri konfirmimit zyrtar te njohjes se Republikes se Kosoves nga shteti Guinea Bissau Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo 2 February 2018 a b Pacolli Behgjet The Embassy of Guinea Bissau in Brussels transmitted to MFAKOSOVO the Note Verbale re confirming that GuineaBissau s recognition of Kosovo s independence in 2011 is sustainable Kosovo s recognition is global amp unstoppable This is the flow of history pic twitter com IctZNtRlLO The Sultanate of Oman fully recognizes the independent state of Kosovo 20 September 2011 Lista e Njohjeve https fm gov om foreign minister holds meeting with president of kosovo bare URL The Principality of Andorra recognizes Kosovo s independence Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo 8 June 2011 a b The Republic of Niger and the Republic of Guinea Conakry recognize Kosovo s independence Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo 16 August 2011 Note Archived 4 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine First Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Kosovo 12 August 2011 in French Verbal Note Archived 4 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine First Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Kosovo 15 August 2011 in French The Republic of Benin is the 80th state to recognize Kosovo s independence Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo 18 August 2011 Santa Lucia is the 81st UN member state to recognize the Republic of Kosovo Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo 22 August 2011 Kosovo s recognition confirmed by the Republic of Gabon Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Kosovo 13 October 2011 Verbal Note Archived 4 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine First Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Kosovo 15 September 2011 in French Ivory Coast recognizes Kosovo Archived 1 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine Top Channel 21 September 2011 Declaration par la Cote d Ivoire de la reconnaissance de l Etat du Kossovo Archived 4 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres de la Republic du Cote d Ivoire released First Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Kosovo in French Kuwait formally recognizes the Republic of Kosovo Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo 11 October 2011 Haiti s recognition of Kosovo confirmed during Minister Hoxhaj s visit to this state Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo 10 February 2012 Brunei Darussalam recognizes Kosovo independence Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo 25 April 2012 Chad recognizes the Republic of Kosovo Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo 1 June 2012 Timori Lindor njeh pavaresine e Kosoves Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo 9 November 2012 in Albanian Note verbale Timor Leste Ministry of Foreign Affairs 20 September 2012 Prime Minister Thaci Kosovo s membership in EBRD testified that the process of the recognition of the Kosovo as a democratic and sovereign country has taken an irreversible up turn and is recognized as an historical fact Office of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kosovo 19 November 2012 Fiji s verbal note recognizing Kosovo arrives Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo 22 November 2012 Saint Kitts dhe Nevis njeh zyrtarisht pavaresine e Kosoves Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo 28 November 2012 in Albanian Ambassador of Kosovo pays courtesy call on the Honourable Mark Brantley STK Ministry of Foreign Affairs Archived from the original on 9 September 2018 Retrieved 9 September 2018 Recognition of the Republic of Kosovo Archived 2 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan 2012 24 12 Arrin nota verbale e njohjes se Kosoves nga Pakistani Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo 28 December 2012 in Albanian CKA 699 755 01 Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of the United Republic of Tanzania 5 June 2013 Kosovo Foreign Minister meets President Department of Public Information 28 June 2014 Retrieved 7 July 2021 Yemen recognizes Kosovo Saba Net 11 June 2013 Verbal Note Archived 13 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine The official Facebook page of Enver Hoxhaj قرار حكومة جمهورية مصر العربية الاعتراف بجمهورية كوسوفو كدولة مستقلة وذات سيادة Archived 30 June 2013 at the Wayback Machine Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Egypt 26 June 2013 in Arabic Prime Minister Thaci officially receives Thailand recognition of Kosovo in a meeting with Thailand Deputy Prime Minister Dr Surapong Tovichakchaikul Prime Minister of Kosovo 26 September 2013 karrbrxngokhosowodykarsthapnakhwamsmphnththangkarthutkbokhosow khawxxniln RYT9 25 September 2013 in Thai Today in New York the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kosovo Hashim Thaci met the Prime Minister of Libya Ali Zeidan in a private meeting The Office Of The Prime Minister 28 September 2013 Archived from the original on 28 September 2013 Tonga recognises Kosovo state authorities claim Kaniva Tonga Kaniva Tonga 21 January 2014 Retrieved 24 September 2022 Borghese J August 3 2022 Thank you Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Kosovo H E Mrs gervallaschwarz and Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs H E Mr Kreshnik A for a fruitful meeting Our meeting focused on enhancing cooperation in the field of technology and innovation Twitter com Republic of Kosovo established diplomatic relations with the Republic of El Salvador Antigua and Barbuda recognizes the independence of Kosovo Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo 20 May 2015 Surinami njeh Kosoven Dokument Suriname recognizes Kosovo Document Telegrafi in Albanian Telegrafi 22 July 2016 Retrieved 23 September 2022 Singapore Recognizes Kosovo as an Independent State and Diplomatic Relations are Established Ministry of Foreign Affairs 1 December 2016 Archived from the original on 20 December 2016 Retrieved 9 July 2021 Citations regarding the recognition of Kosovo by Bangladesh Prime Minister Mustafa accepted verbal note of recognition of Kosovo by Bangladesh The Office Of The Prime Minister 2 March 2017 Archived from the original on 2 March 2017 Retrieved 4 July 2021 Mamun Sohel 27 February 2017 Bangladesh officially recognises Kosovo as an independent state Dhaka Tribune Archived from the original on 9 February 2021 Retrieved 4 July 2021 Ne prag te pervjetorit te Pavaresise Barbadosi njeh Kosoven On the eve of the anniversary of Independence Barbados recognizes Kosovo in Albanian RTK 15 February 2018 Archived from the original on 16 February 2018 Retrieved 4 July 2021 Israeli envoy to Serbia We recognised Kosovo on September 4 not an issue any N1 21 September 2020 Archived from the original on 3 October 2020 Retrieved 4 July 2021 中華民國 台灣 自即日起正式承認科索沃共和國 The Republic of China Taiwan officially recognizes the Republic of Kosovo in Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs 19 February 2008 Archived from the original on 22 November 2015 Retrieved 5 July 2021 Ceremony celebrates Kosovo ties Cook Islands News 19 May 2015 Retrieved 5 July 2021 Kosova njihet nga Niue Kosovo is recognized by Niue in Albanian a href, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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