corruption, perceptions, index, showing, countries, territories, according, corruption, perception, index, 2022, ascending, order, score, higher, than, score, equal, between, score, equal, between, score, equal, between, score, equal, between, score, equal, be. Map showing countries and territories according to the Corruption Perception Index 2022 in ascending order 160 160 Score higher than 89 160 160 Score equal to or between 80 and 89 160 160 Score equal to or between 70 and 79 160 160 Score equal to or between 60 and 69 160 160 Score equal to or between 50 and 59 160 160 Score equal to or between 40 and 49 160 160 Score equal to or between 30 and 39 160 160 Score equal to or between 20 and 29 160 160 Score equal to or between 10 and 19 160 160 Score less than 10 160 160 Data unavailable Political corruptionConceptsAnti corruption Bribery Cronyism Economics of corruption Electoral fraud Elite capture Influence peddling Kleptocracy Mafia state Nepotism Slush fund SimonyCorruption by countryAfricaAngola Botswana Cameroon Chad Comoros Congo Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Ghana Guinea Bissau Kenya Liberia Mauritius Morocco Nigeria Senegal Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa South Sudan Sudan Tanzania Tunisia Uganda Zambia ZimbabweAsiaAfghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Cambodia China Cyprus Georgia India Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Jordan Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Kazakhstan Lebanon Malaysia Myanmar Nepal North Korea Pakistan Philippines Singapore South Korea Sri Lanka Syria Tajikistan Thailand Turkey Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Vietnam YemenEuropeAlbania Austria Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kosovo Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg North Macedonia Moldova Montenegro Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Ukraine United Kingdom Vatican CityNorth AmericaCanada Mexico United StatesCentral AmericaCosta Rica Cuba El Salvador Haiti NicaraguaSouth AmericaArgentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Paraguay Peru Uruguay VenezuelaOceaniaAustralia New Zealand Papua New Guineavte The Corruption Perceptions Index CPI is an index which ranks countries by their perceived levels of public sector 91 1 93 corruption as determined by expert assessments and opinion surveys 91 2 93 The CPI generally defines corruption as an abuse of entrusted power for private gain 91 3 93 The index is published annually by the non governmental organisation Transparency International since 1995 91 4 93 The 2022 CPI published in January 2023 currently ranks 180 countries on a scale from 100 very clean to 0 highly corrupt based on the situation between 1 May 2021 and 30 April 2022 Denmark Finland New Zealand Norway Singapore and Sweden are perceived as the least corrupt nations in the world ranking consistently high among international financial transparency while the most apparently corrupt are Somalia scoring 12 Syria and South Sudan both scoring 13 91 5 93 Contents 1 Methods 1 1 Validity 2 Economic implications 3 Assessments 4 Rankings 4 1 2020 2022 4 2 2010 2019 4 3 2000 2009 4 4 1995 1999 5 See also 6 Footnotes 7 References 8 External links Methods Edit Since 2012 CPI takes into account 13 different surveys and assessments 91 6 93 from 12 different institutions 91 7 93 The institutions are African Development Bank based in Cote d Ivoire Bertelsmann Foundation based in Germany Economist Intelligence Unit based in the UK Freedom House based in the US Global Insight based in the world International Institute for Management Development based in Switzerland Political and Economic Risk Consultancy based in Hong Kong The PRS Group Inc based in the US World Bank World Economic Forum World Justice Project based in US Countries need to be evaluated by at least three sources to appear in the CPI 91 8 93 The CPI measures perception of corruption due to the difficulty of measuring absolute levels of corruption 91 9 93 Transparency International commissioned the University of Passau s Johann Graf Lambsdorff to produce the CPI 91 10 93 Early CPIs used public opinion surveys 91 8 93 Validity Edit A study published in 2002 found a very strong significant correlation between the Corruption Perceptions Index and two other proxies for corruption black market activity and an overabundance of regulation 91 11 93 All three metrics also had a highly significant correlation with the real gross domestic product per capita RGDP Cap the Corruption Perceptions Index correlation with RGDP Cap was the strongest explaining over three quarters of the variance 91 11 93 Note that a lower rating on this scale reflects greater corruption so that countries with higher RGDPs generally had less corruption Alex Cobham of the Center for Global Development reported in 2013 that many of the staff and chapters at Transparency International the publisher of the Corruption Perceptions Index protest internally over concerns about the index The original creator of the index Johann Graf Lambsdorff withdrew from work on the index in 2009 stating In 1995 I invented the Corruption Perceptions Index and have orchestrated it ever since putting TI on the spotlight of international attention In August 2009 I have informed Cobus de Swardt managing director of TI that I am no longer available for doing the Corruption Perceptions Index 91 12 93 Economic implications Edit Research papers published in 2007 and 2008 examined the economic consequences of corruption perception as defined by the CPI The researchers found a correlation between a higher CPI and higher long term economic growth 91 13 93 as well as an increase in GDP growth of 1 7 for every unit increase in a country s CPI score 91 14 93 Also shown was a power law dependence linking higher CPI score to higher rates of foreign investment in a country Assessments Edit The Index was methodologically criticized in the past 91 15 93 i e questioned based on its methodology According to political scientist Dan Hough three flaws in the Index include 91 16 93 Corruption is too complex a concept to be captured by a single score For instance the nature of corruption in rural Kansas will be different from that in the city administration of New York yet the Index measures them in the same way By measuring perceptions of corruption as opposed to corruption itself the Index may simply be reinforcing existing stereotypes and cliches The Index only measures public sector corruption ignoring the private sector This for instance means the well publicized Libor scandal Odebrecht case and the VW emissions scandal are not counted as corrupt actions Media outlets frequently use the raw numbers as a yardstick for government performance without clarifying what the numbers mean The local Transparency International chapter in Bangladesh disowned the index results after a change in methodology caused the country s scores to increase media reported it as an improvement 91 17 93 In a 2013 article in Foreign Policy Alex Cobham suggested that CPI should be dropped for the good of Transparency International It argues that the CPI embeds a powerful and misleading elite bias in popular perceptions of corruption potentially contributing to a vicious cycle and at the same time incentivizing inappropriate policy responses Cobham writes the index corrupts perceptions to the extent that it s hard to see a justification for its continuing publication 91 18 93 Recent econometric analyses that have exploited the existence of natural experiments on the level of corruption and compared the CPI with other subjective indicators have found that while not perfect the CPI is argued to be broadly consistent with one dimensional measures of corruption 91 19 93 In the United States many lawyers advise international businesses to consult the CPI when attempting to measure the risk of Foreign Corrupt Practices Act violations in different nations This practice has been criticized by the Minnesota Journal of International Law which wrote that since the CPI may be subject to perceptual biases it therefore should not be considered by lawyers to be a measure of actual national corruption risk 91 20 93 Transparency International also publishes the Global Corruption Barometer which ranks countries by corruption levels using direct surveys instead of perceived expert opinions which has been under criticism for substantial bias from the powerful elite 91 18 93 Transparency International has warned that a country with a clean CPI score may still be linked to corruption internationally For example while Sweden had the 3rd best CPI score in 2015 one of its state owned companies TeliaSonera was facing allegations of bribery in Uzbekistan 91 21 93 Rankings Edit Legend Scores Perceived as less corrupt Perceived as more corrupt 99 90 89 80 79 70 69 60 59 50 49 40 39 30 29 20 19 10 9 0 2020 2022 Edit Corruption Perceptions Index table 91 22 93 Nation 160 or 160 Territory 2022 91 5 93 2021 91 23 93 2020 91 24 93 Score 160 D 91 i 93 Score 160 D 91 i 93 Score 160 D 91 i 93 1 160 Denmark 90 88 88 2 160 New Zealand 87 1 88 88 2 160 Finland 87 1 88 2 85 4 160 Norway 84 85 3 84 5 160 Singapore 83 1 85 1 85 1 5 160 Sweden 83 1 85 1 85 1 7 160 Switzerland 82 84 4 85 1 8 160 Netherlands 80 82 82 9 160 Germany 79 1 80 1 80 10 160 Luxembourg 77 1 81 80 10 160 Ireland 77 3 74 7 72 2 12 160 Hong Kong 76 76 1 77 5 13 160 Australia 75 5 73 7 77 1 14 160 Iceland 74 1 74 4 75 6 14 160 Estonia 74 1 74 4 75 1 14 160 Uruguay 74 4 73 3 71 14 160 Canada 74 1 74 2 77 1 18 160 Japan 73 73 1 74 1 18 160 United Kingdom 73 7 78 77 1 18 160 Belgium 73 73 3 76 2 21 160 France 72 1 71 1 69 22 160 Austria 71 9 74 2 76 3 23 160 Seychelles 70 70 4 66 24 160 United States 69 3 67 2 67 2 25 160 Taiwan 68 68 3 65 25 160 Bhutan 68 68 1 68 1 27 160 Chile 67 67 2 67 1 27 160 United Arab Emirates 67 3 69 3 71 29 160 Barbados 65 65 64 1 30 160 Bahamas 64 64 63 1 31 160 Israel 63 5 59 1 60 31 160 South Korea 63 1 62 1 61 6 33 160 Portugal 62 1 62 1 61 3 33 160 Lithuania 62 1 61 1 60 35 160 Spain 60 1 61 2 62 2 35 160 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 60 1 59 4 59 1 35 160 Botswana 60 10 55 10 60 1 35 160 Cape Verde 60 4 58 2 58 160 Brunei Darussalam 60 39 160 Latvia 59 3 59 6 57 2 40 160 Qatar 58 9 63 1 63 41 160 Georgia 56 4 55 56 1 41 160 Slovenia 56 57 6 60 41 160 Italy 56 1 56 10 53 1 41 160 Czechia 56 8 54 54 5 45 160 Dominica 55 55 3 55 45 160 Saint Lucia 55 3 56 3 56 3 45 160 Poland 55 3 56 3 56 4 48 160 Costa Rica 54 9 58 3 57 2 49 160 Fiji 53 4 55 10 49 160 Slovakia 53 7 52 4 49 1 51 160 Cyprus 52 1 53 10 57 1 51 160 Greece 52 7 49 1 50 1 51 160 Grenada 52 1 53 53 1 54 160 Malta 51 5 54 3 53 2 54 160 Rwanda 51 2 53 3 54 2 54 160 Saudi Arabia 51 2 53 53 1 57 160 Mauritius 50 8 54 3 53 4 57 160 Croatia 50 6 47 47 59 160 Namibia 49 1 49 1 51 1 60 160 Vanuatu 48 6 45 9 43 11 61 160 Jordan 47 3 49 2 49 61 160 Malaysia 47 1 48 5 51 6 63 160 Armenia 46 5 49 2 49 17 63 160 Romania 46 3 45 3 44 1 65 160 Cuba 45 1 46 1 47 3 65 160 China 45 1 45 12 42 2 65 160 Sao Tome and Principe 45 1 45 3 47 1 65 160 Montenegro 45 1 46 3 45 1 69 160 Oman 44 13 52 7 54 7 69 160 Jamaica 44 1 44 1 44 5 69 160 Bahrain 44 9 42 42 1 72 160 South Africa 43 2 44 1 44 1 72 160 Ghana 43 1 43 2 43 5 72 160 Senegal 43 1 43 6 45 1 72 160 Benin 43 6 42 5 41 3 72 160 Bulgaria 43 6 42 9 44 5 77 160 Hungary 42 4 43 4 44 1 77 160 Trinidad and Tobago 42 5 41 4 40 1 77 160 Burkina Faso 42 1 42 8 40 1 77 160 Solomon Islands 42 4 43 5 42 1 77 160 Kuwait 42 4 43 5 42 7 77 160 Timor Leste 42 5 41 4 40 7 77 160 Vietnam 42 10 39 17 36 8 84 160 Kosovo 41 3 39 17 36 3 85 160 Guyana 40 2 39 4 41 2 85 160 Suriname 40 2 39 7 38 24 85 160 Maldives 40 40 10 43 55 85 160 North Macedonia 40 2 39 24 35 5 85 160 Tunisia 40 15 44 1 44 5 85 160 India 40 40 1 40 6 91 160 Moldova 39 14 36 10 34 5 91 160 Belarus 39 9 41 19 47 3 91 160 Colombia 39 4 39 5 39 4 94 160 Morocco 38 7 39 1 40 6 94 160 Ethiopia 38 7 39 7 38 2 94 160 Argentina 38 2 38 18 42 12 94 160 Tanzania 38 7 39 7 38 2 94 160 Brazil 38 2 38 2 38 12 99 160 Lesotho 37 3 38 13 41 2 99 160 Ivory Coast 37 6 36 1 36 2 101 160 Thailand 36 9 35 6 36 3 101 160 Albania 36 9 35 6 36 2 101 160 Serbia 36 5 38 2 38 3 101 160 Turkey 36 5 38 10 40 5 101 160 Panama 36 4 36 6 35 10 101 160 Sri Lanka 36 1 37 8 38 1 101 160 Kazakhstan 36 1 37 8 38 19 101 160 Ecuador 36 4 36 13 39 1 101 160 Peru 36 4 36 11 38 7 110 160 Sierra Leone 34 5 34 2 33 2 110 160 160 160 Nepal 34 7 33 33 4 110 160 Malawi 34 35 19 30 6 110 160 Bosnia and Herzegovina 34 35 1 35 10 110 160 Indonesia 34 14 38 6 37 17 110 160 Gambia 34 8 37 37 6 116 160 Zambia 33 1 33 33 4 116 160 Philippines 33 1 33 2 34 2 116 160 Mongolia 33 6 35 1 35 5 116 160 El Salvador 33 1 34 11 36 9 116 160 Ukraine 33 6 32 5 33 9 116 160 Algeria 33 1 33 13 36 2 116 160 Angola 33 20 29 6 27 4 123 160 Niger 32 1 31 1 32 3 123 160 Kenya 32 5 30 4 31 13 123 160 Dominican Republic 32 5 30 9 28 126 160 Uzbekistan 31 14 28 6 26 7 126 160 Bolivia 31 2 30 4 31 1 126 160 Mexico 31 2 31 31 6 126 160 Laos 31 2 30 6 29 4 130 160 Papua New Guinea 30 6 31 18 27 5 130 160 Togo 30 2 30 6 29 4 130 160 Egypt 30 13 33 33 11 130 160 Eswatini 30 8 32 5 33 4 130 160 Mauritania 30 10 28 6 29 3 130 160 Djibouti 30 2 30 14 27 16 136 160 Gabon 29 12 31 5 30 6 137 160 Mali 28 1 29 7 30 1 137 160 Russia 28 1 29 7 30 8 137 160 Paraguay 28 9 30 9 28 140 160 Pakistan 27 28 16 31 4 140 160 Kyrgyzstan 27 4 27 20 31 2 142 160 Uganda 26 2 27 2 27 5 142 160 Mozambique 26 5 26 2 25 3 142 160 Cameroon 26 2 27 5 25 4 142 160 Liberia 26 6 29 1 28 142 160 Madagascar 26 5 26 2 25 9 147 160 Guinea 25 3 25 13 28 7 147 160 Bangladesh 25 26 1 26 147 160 Iran 25 3 25 1 25 3 150 160 Nigeria 24 4 24 5 25 3 150 160 Central African Republic 24 4 24 8 26 7 150 160 Afghanistan 24 24 16 9 19 8 150 160 Cambodia 24 7 23 3 21 2 150 160 Lebanon 24 4 24 5 25 12 150 160 Guatemala 24 25 1 25 3 150 160 Tajikistan 24 25 1 25 4 157 160 Zimbabwe 23 23 24 1 157 160 Azerbaijan 23 29 30 1 30 3 157 160 Myanmar 23 17 28 3 28 7 157 160 Honduras 23 23 24 11 157 160 Iraq 23 23 3 21 2 162 160 Eritrea 22 1 22 1 21 162 160 Sudan 22 2 20 10 16 1 164 160 Congo 21 2 21 3 19 164 160 Guinea Bissau 21 2 21 3 19 3 166 160 Democratic Republic of the Congo 20 3 19 1 18 2 167 160 Turkmenistan 19 2 19 4 19 167 160 Nicaragua 19 3 20 5 22 2 167 160 Comoros 19 3 20 4 21 7 167 160 Chad 19 3 20 4 21 2 171 160 Libya 17 1 17 1 17 5 171 160 Haiti 17 7 20 6 18 2 171 160 North Korea 17 3 16 4 18 2 171 160 Equatorial Guinea 17 1 17 2 16 1 171 img hei, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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