Presidency of the Council of the European Union

Not to be confused with President of the European Council or President of the European Commission.

The presidency of the Council of the European Union^[1] is responsible for the functioning of the Council of the European Union, which is the co-legislator of the EU legislature alongside the European Parliament. It rotates among the member states of the EU every six months. The presidency is not an individual, but rather the position is held by a national government. It is sometimes incorrectly referred to as the "president of the European Union". The presidency's function is to chair meetings of the council, determine its agendas, set a work program and facilitate dialogue both at Council meetings and with other EU institutions. The presidency is currently, as of August 2023, held by Spain.

Presidency of the Council of the European Union
Emblem of the Council
Flag of Europe
Currently held by Spain 1 July – 31 December 2023
Council of the European Union
Seat	Council of the EU: Europa building, Brussels, Belgium Spanish Government: Madrid
Appointer	Rotation among the EU member states
Term length	Six months
Constituting instrument	Treaties of the European Union
Formation	1958
First holder	Belgium
Website	spanish-presidency.consilium.europa.eu/en//
Presidency trio
Spain • Belgium • Hungary

Three successive presidencies are known as presidency trios. The current trio (2023–2024) is made up of Spain (July–December 2023), Belgium (January–June 2024) and Hungary (July–December 2024). The German presidency began the second cycle of presidencies, after the system was introduced in 2007.^[2]

History

When the council was established, its work was minimal and the presidency rotated between each of the then six members every six months. However, as the work load of the Council grew and the membership increased, the lack of coordination between each successive six-month presidency hindered the development of long-term priorities for the EU.

In order to rectify the lack of coordination, the idea of trio presidencies was put forward where groups of three successive presidencies cooperated on a common political program. This was implemented in 2007 and formally laid down in the EU treaties in 2009 by the Treaty of Lisbon.

Until 2009, the Presidency had assumed political responsibility in all areas of European integration and it played a vital role in brokering high-level political decisions.

The Treaty of Lisbon reduced the importance of the Presidency significantly by officially separating the European Council from the Council of the European Union. Simultaneously it split the foreign affairs Council configuration from the General Affairs configuration and created the position of High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy.

After the United Kingdom's vote to leave the European Union in 2016 and its subsequent relinquishment of its scheduled presidency in the Council of the European Union which was due to take place from July to December 2017, the rotation of presidencies was brought six months forward. Estonia was scheduled to take over the UK's six-month slot instead.^[3] The presidency is currently (as of July 2023) held by Spain.

Functioning

The Council meets in various formations where its composition depends on the topic discussed. For example, the Agriculture Council is composed of the national ministers responsible for Agriculture.^[4]

The primary responsibility of the Presidency is to organise and chair all meetings of the council, apart from the Foreign Affairs Council which is chaired by the High Representative. So, for instance, the Minister of Agriculture for the state holding the presidency chairs the Agriculture council. This role includes working out compromises capable of resolving difficulties.

Article 16(9) of the Treaty on European Union provides:

The Presidency of Council configurations, other than that of Foreign Affairs, shall be held by Member State representatives in the Council on the basis of equal rotation, in accordance with the conditions established in accordance with Article 236 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union

Each three successive presidencies cooperate on a "triple-shared presidency" work together over an 18-month period to accomplish a common agenda by the current president simply continuing the work of the previous "lead-president" after the end of his/her term. This ensures more consistency in comparison to a usual single six-month presidency and each three includes a new member state. This allows new member states to hold the presidency sooner and helps old member states pass their experience to the new members.

The role of the rotating Council Presidency includes:

• agenda-setting powers: in its 6-month programme, it decides on the order to discuss propositions, after they have been submitted by the Commission in its agenda monopoly powers
• brokering inter-institutional compromise: Formal Trilogue meetings between Commission, Parliament and Council are held to reach early consensus in the codecision legislative procedure; the Presidency takes part to the Conciliation Committee between Parliament and Council in the third stage of the codecision legislative procedure
• coordinating national policies and brokering compromise between member states in the council ("confessional system")
• management and administration of the council, external and internal representation

Holding the rotating Council Presidency includes both advantages and disadvantages for member states; The opportunities include:

1. member states have the possibility to show their negotiating skills, as "honest brokers", thus gaining influence and prestige
2. member states gain a privileged access to information: at the end of their term, they know member states' preferences better than anyone else
3. the Council programme may enable member states to focus Council discussion on issues of particular national/regional interest (for example Finland and the Northern Dimension initiative)

The burdens include:

1. lack of administrative capacities and experience, especially for small and new member states; the concept of trio/troika has been introduced to enable member states to share experiences and ensure coherence on an 18-months base
2. expenses in time and money, needed to support the administrative machine
3. not being able to push through their own interests, as the role of Council Presidency is seen as an impartial instance; member states trying to push for initiatives of their own national interest are likely to see them failing in the medium run (for example the French 2008 Presidency and the Union for the Mediterranean project), as they need consensus and do not have enough time to reach it. This element is particularly substantial: holding the presidency may be, on balance, a disadvantage for member states

List of rotations

Period		Trio	Holder	Head of government ^[note 1]	Website
1958	January–June		Belgium	Achille Van Acker Gaston Eyskens (from 26 June)
	July–December		West Germany	Konrad Adenauer
1959	January–June		France	Charles de Gaulle* Michel Debré (from 8 January)
	July–December		Italy	Antonio Segni
1960	January–June		Luxembourg	Pierre Werner
	July–December		Netherlands	Jan de Quay
1961	January–June		Belgium	Gaston Eyskens Théo Lefèvre (from 25 April)
	July–December		West Germany	Konrad Adenauer
1962	January–June		France	Michel Debré Georges Pompidou (from 14 April)
	July–December		Italy	Amintore Fanfani
1963	January–June		Luxembourg	Pierre Werner
	July–December		Netherlands	Jan de Quay Victor Marijnen (from 24 July)
1964	January–June		Belgium	Théo Lefèvre
	July–December		West Germany	Ludwig Erhard
1965	January–June		France	Georges Pompidou
	July–December		Italy	Aldo Moro
1966	January–June		Luxembourg	Pierre Werner
	July–December		Netherlands	Jo Cals Jelle Zijlstra (from 22 November)
1967	January–June		Belgium	Paul Vanden Boeynants
	July–December		West Germany	Kurt Georg Kiesinger
1968	January–June		France	Georges Pompidou
	July–December		Italy	Giovanni Leone Mariano Rumor (from 12 December)
1969	January–June		Luxembourg	Pierre Werner
	July–December		Netherlands	Piet de Jong
1970	January–June		Belgium	Gaston Eyskens
	July–December		West Germany	Willy Brandt
1971	January–June		France	Jacques Chaban-Delmas
	July–December		Italy	Emilio Colombo
1972	January–June		Luxembourg	Pierre Werner
	July–December		Netherlands	Barend Biesheuvel
1973	January–June		Belgium	Gaston Eyskens Edmond Leburton (from 26 January)
	July–December		Denmark	Anker Jørgensen Poul Hartling (from 19 December)
1974	January–June		West Germany	Willy Brandt Walter Scheel (7–16 May) Helmut Schmidt (from 16 May)
	July–December		France	Jacques Chirac
1975	January–June		Ireland	Liam Cosgrave
	July–December		Italy	Aldo Moro
1976	January–June		Luxembourg	Gaston Thorn
	July–December		Netherlands	Joop den Uyl
1977	January–June		United Kingdom	James Callaghan
	July–December		Belgium	Leo Tindemans
1978	January–June		Denmark	Anker Jørgensen
	July–December		West Germany	Helmut Schmidt
1979	January–June		France	Raymond Barre
	July–December		Ireland	Jack Lynch Charles Haughey (from 11 December)
1980	January–June		Italy	Francesco Cossiga
	July–December		Luxembourg	Pierre Werner
1981	January–June		Netherlands	Dries van Agt
	July–December		United Kingdom	Margaret Thatcher
1982	January–June		Belgium	Wilfried Martens
	July–December		Denmark	Anker Jørgensen Poul Schlüter (from 10 September)
1983	January–June		West Germany	Helmut Kohl
	July–December		Greece	Andreas Papandreou
1984	January–June		France	Pierre Mauroy
	July–December		Ireland	Garret FitzGerald
1985	January–June		Italy	Bettino Craxi
	July–December		Luxembourg	Jacques Santer
1986	January–June		Netherlands	Ruud Lubbers
	July–December		United Kingdom	Margaret Thatcher
1987	January–June		Belgium	Wilfried Martens
	July–December		Denmark	Poul Schlüter
1988	January–June		West Germany	Helmut Kohl
	July–December		Greece	Andreas Papandreou
1989	January–June		Spain	Felipe González
	July–December		France	Michel Rocard
1990	January–June	Ireland	Charles Haughey
	July–December	Italy	Giulio Andreotti
1991	January–June	Luxembourg	Jacques Santer
	July–December	Netherlands	Ruud Lubbers
1992	January–June	Portugal	Aníbal Cavaco Silva
	July–December	United Kingdom	John Major
1993	January–June	Denmark	Poul Schlüter Poul Nyrup Rasmussen (from 25 January)
	July–December	Belgium	Jean-Luc Dehaene
1994	January–June	Greece	Andreas Papandreou
	July–December	Germany	Helmut Kohl
1995	January–June	France	Édouard Balladur (until 17 May) Alain Juppé (from 17 May)
	July–December	Spain	Felipe González
1996	January–June	Italy	Lamberto Dini Romano Prodi (from 17 May)
	July–December	Ireland	John Bruton
1997	January–June	Netherlands	Wim Kok
	July–December	Luxembourg	Jean-Claude Juncker
1998	January–June	United Kingdom	Tony Blair	(archived)
	July–December	Austria	Viktor Klima	(archived)
1999	January–June	Germany	Gerhard Schröder
	July–December	Finland	Paavo Lipponen	(archived)
2000	January–June	Portugal	António Guterres	www.portugal.ue-2000.pt 18 July 2020 at the Wayback Machine (archived)
	July–December	France	Lionel Jospin
2001	January–June	Sweden	Göran Persson	(archived)
	July–December	Belgium	Guy Verhofstadt	^[dead link] (archived)
2002	January–June	Spain	José María Aznar	^[dead link] (archived)
	July–December	Denmark	Anders Fogh Rasmussen	^[dead link] (archived)
2003	January–June	Greece	Costas Simitis	eu2003.gr
	July–December	Italy	Silvio Berlusconi	^[dead link] (archived)
2004	January–June	Ireland	Bertie Ahern	(archived)
	July–December	Netherlands	Jan Peter Balkenende	^[dead link] (archived)
2005	January–June	Luxembourg	Jean-Claude Juncker	eu2005.lu
	July–December	United Kingdom	Tony Blair	eu2005.gov.uk (archived)
2006	January–June	Austria	Wolfgang Schüssel
	July–December	Finland^[note 2]	Matti Vanhanen	(archived)
2007	January–June	T1	Germany	Angela Merkel
	July–December		Portugal	José Sócrates	eu2007.pt 18 July 2020 at the Wayback Machine (archived)
2008	January–June		Slovenia	Janez Janša	eu2008.si
	July–December	T2	France	François Fillon	^[dead link] (archived)
2009	January–June		Czech Republic	Mirek Topolánek Jan Fischer (from 8 May)	eu2009.cz
	July–December		Sweden	Fredrik Reinfeldt	(archived)
2010	January–June	T3	Spain	José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero	^[dead link] (archived) ^[dead link] (archived)
	July–December		Belgium	Yves Leterme
2011	January–June		Hungary	Viktor Orbán	(archived)
	July–December	T4	Poland	Donald Tusk	^[dead link] (archived)
2012	January–June		Denmark	Helle Thorning-Schmidt
	July–December		Cyprus	Demetris Christofias*	cy2012.eu
2013	January–June	T5	Ireland	Enda Kenny	eu2013.ie
	July–December		Lithuania	Algirdas Butkevičius
2014	January–June		Greece	Antonis Samaras	^[dead link] (archived)
	July–December	T6	Italy	Matteo Renzi	italia2014.eu
2015	January–June		Latvia	Laimdota Straujuma
	July–December		Luxembourg	Xavier Bettel	eu2015lu.eu
2016	January–June	T7	Netherlands	Mark Rutte	(archived)
	July–December		Slovakia	Robert Fico	eu2016.sk
2017	January–June		Malta	Joseph Muscat	eu2017.mt
	July–December	T8	Estonia ^[note 3]	Jüri Ratas
2018	January–June		Bulgaria	Boyko Borisov	eu2018bg.bg
	July–December		Austria	Sebastian Kurz	eu2018.at
2019	January–June	T9	Romania	Viorica Dăncilă	romania2019.eu
	July–December		Finland	Antti Rinne Sanna Marin (from 10 December)	eu2019.fi
2020	January–June		Croatia	Andrej Plenković	eu2020.hr
	July–December	T10	Germany	Angela Merkel	eu2020.de
2021	January–June		Portugal	António Costa	2021portugal.eu
	July–December		Slovenia	Janez Janša	si2021.eu
2022	January–June	T11	France	Jean Castex Élisabeth Borne (from 16 May)	europe2022.fr
	July–December		Czech Republic	Petr Fiala	eu2022.cz
2023	January–June		Sweden	Ulf Kristersson	sweden2023.eu
	July–December	T12	Spain	Pedro Sánchez	eu2023.es
2024	January–June		Belgium	TBD	TBD
	July–December		Hungary	TBD	TBD
2025	January–June	T13	Poland	TBD	TBD
	July–December		Denmark	TBD	TBD
2026	January–June		Cyprus	TBD	TBD
	July–December	T14	Ireland	TBD	TBD
2027	January–June		Lithuania	TBD	TBD
	July–December		Greece	TBD	TBD
2028	January–June	T15	Italy	TBD	TBD
	July–December		Latvia	TBD	TBD
2029	January–June		Luxembourg	TBD	TBD
	July–December	T16	Netherlands	TBD	TBD
2030	January–June		Slovakia	TBD	TBD
	July–December		Malta	TBD	TBD
2031	January–June	T17	Estonia	TBD	TBD
	July–December		Bulgaria	TBD	TBD
2032	January–June		Austria	TBD	TBD
	July–December	T18	Romania	TBD	TBD
2033	January–June		Finland	TBD	TBD
	July–December		Croatia	TBD	TBD
2034	January–June	T19	Germany	TBD	TBD
	July–December		Portugal	TBD	TBD
2035	January–June		Slovenia	TBD	TBD
	July–December	T20	France	TBD	TBD
2036	January–June		Czech Republic	TBD	TBD
	July–December		Sweden	TBD	TBD
2037	January–June	T21	Spain	TBD	TBD
	July–December		Belgium	TBD	TBD
2038	January–June		Hungary	TBD	TBD
	July–December	T22	Poland	TBD	TBD
2039	January–June		Denmark	TBD	TBD
	July–December		Cyprus	TBD	TBD
2040	January–June	T23	Ireland	TBD	TBD
	July–December		Lithuania	TBD	TBD
2041	January–June		Greece	TBD	TBD
	July–December	T24	Italy	TBD	TBD
2042	January–June		Latvia	TBD	TBD
	July–December		Luxembourg	TBD	TBD
2043	January–June	T25	Netherlands	TBD	TBD
	July–December		Slovakia	TBD	TBD
2044	January–June		Malta	TBD	TBD

See also

• List of presidents of the institutions of the European Union
  • President of the European Parliament
  • President of the European Council
  • President of the European Commission
• President of the European Union
• Council of the European Union
• NATO summit

Notes

1. Asterisk: Head of government is also head of state. This is the case for Cyprus and was the case for France until October 1958.
2. Germany was due to succeed Austria in 2006 but stepped aside as general elections were scheduled for that period. Finland, as next in line, took Germany's place. Eventually the German elections took place in 2005 due to a loss of confidence vote, but the re-arrangement remained.
3. It was originally intended for the United Kingdom to hold the presidency from 1 July to 31 December 2017, but after a referendum in June 2016 to leave the EU, the UK government informed the European Union that it would abandon its presidency for late 2017 and was replaced by Estonia. ^[5]

References

1. "The presidency of the Council of the EU". Council of the EU.
2. "Council of the European Union". Council of the EU. Retrieved 14 May 2016.
3. "Council rotating presidencies: decision on revised order" (Press release). Council of the European Union. 26 July 2016. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
4. . Council of the EU. Archived from the original on 25 November 2011. Retrieved 25 November 2011.
5. "UK will no longer get EU council presidency next year because of Brexit, Theresa May says". The Independent. 20 July 2016. Retrieved 22 February 2020.

External links

• Presidency of the Council of the European Union
• Logos of the Council Presidencies EuroEsprit.org
• European Council Decision 2009/881/EU of 1 December 2009 on the exercise of the Presidency of the Council
• Council Decision 2009/908/EU of 1 December 2009 laying down measures for the implementation of the European Council Decision on the exercise of the Presidency of the Council, and on the chairmanship of preparatory bodies of the Council
• Implications of the Polish Presidency of the EU for Europe and Transatlantic Affairs, lecture by Maciej Pisarski (Deputy Chief of Mission of the Embassy of the Republic of Poland in Washington, DC), delivered at the University of Illinois, 2 December 2011; European Union Center at the University of Illinois
• Cyprus takes over EU presidency amid doubts The Guardian, 4 July 2012