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Wikipedia

Australia Group

July 06, 2023

The Australia Group is a multilateral export control regime (MECR) and an informal group of countries (now joined by the European Commission) established in 1985 (after the use of chemical weapons by Iraq in 1984) to help member countries to identify those exports which need to be controlled so as not to contribute to the spread of chemical and biological weapons.[1]

Participating States

The group, initially consisting of 15 members, held its first meeting in Brussels, Belgium, in June 1985.[2] With the incorporation of India on January 19, 2018, it now has 43 members,[3] including Australia, New Zealand, the European Commission, all 27 member states of the European Union, United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, India, Ukraine, and Argentina. The name comes from Australia's initiative to create the group. Australia manages the secretariat.

The initial members of the group had different assessments of which chemical precursors should be subject to export control. Later adherents initially had no such controls. Today, members of the group maintain export controls on a uniform list of 87[4] compounds, including several that are not prohibited for export under the Chemical Weapons Convention, but can be used in the manufacture of chemical weapons.[5] Additionally, the Australia Group expanded its standardization of licensing and export controls to cover technology related to the manufacturing of chemical weapons or controlled components.

In 2002, the group took two important steps to strengthen export control. The first was the "no-undercut" requirement, which stated that any member of the group considering making an export to another state that had already been denied an export by any other member of the group must first consult with that member state before approving the export. The second was the "catch-all" provision, which requires member states to halt all exports that could be used by importers in chemical or biological weapons programs, regardless of whether the export is on the group's control lists.[6] Delegations representing the members meet every year in Paris, France.[7]

Members

Sovereign states

International organisations

References

  1. ^ "The Australia Group - Origins". www.australiagroup.net. Retrieved 12 December 2017.
  2. ^ "The Australia Group - Origins". www.australiagroup.net. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  3. ^ "The Australia Group - Membership". www.australiagroup.net. Retrieved 20 January 2018.
  4. ^ "Australia Group Chemical Weapons Precursors List". costanziresearch.com. 28 February 2020. Retrieved 5 October 2020. Of these 87 chemicals, 22 are Novichok precursors that were added on February 28, 2020, to complement the recent addition of Novichok agents to CWC Schedule 1
  5. ^ "The Australia Group - Activities". www.australiagroup.net. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  6. ^ Arms Control Association, "The Australia Group at a Glance", September 2003, available at www.armscontrol.org/factssheets/australiagroup.asp
  7. ^ Croddy, Eric (2002). Chemical and Biological Weapons: A Comprehensive Study for the Concerned Citizen. Copernicus Books. pp. 180–1. ISBN 0-387-95076-1.

External links

  • The Australia Group homepage

July 06, 2023
australia, group, multilateral, export, control, regime, mecr, informal, group, countries, joined, european, commission, established, 1985, after, chemical, weapons, iraq, 1984, help, member, countries, identify, those, exports, which, need, controlled, contri. The Australia Group is a multilateral export control regime MECR and an informal group of countries now joined by the European Commission established in 1985 after the use of chemical weapons by Iraq in 1984 to help member countries to identify those exports which need to be controlled so as not to contribute to the spread of chemical and biological weapons 1 Participating States The group initially consisting of 15 members held its first meeting in Brussels Belgium in June 1985 2 With the incorporation of India on January 19 2018 it now has 43 members 3 including Australia New Zealand the European Commission all 27 member states of the European Union United Kingdom the United States Canada India Ukraine and Argentina The name comes from Australia s initiative to create the group Australia manages the secretariat The initial members of the group had different assessments of which chemical precursors should be subject to export control Later adherents initially had no such controls Today members of the group maintain export controls on a uniform list of 87 4 compounds including several that are not prohibited for export under the Chemical Weapons Convention but can be used in the manufacture of chemical weapons 5 Additionally the Australia Group expanded its standardization of licensing and export controls to cover technology related to the manufacturing of chemical weapons or controlled components In 2002 the group took two important steps to strengthen export control The first was the no undercut requirement which stated that any member of the group considering making an export to another state that had already been denied an export by any other member of the group must first consult with that member state before approving the export The second was the catch all provision which requires member states to halt all exports that could be used by importers in chemical or biological weapons programs regardless of whether the export is on the group s control lists 6 Delegations representing the members meet every year in Paris France 7 Contents 1 Members 1 1 Sovereign states 1 2 International organisations 2 References 3 External linksMembers EditSovereign states Edit Argentina 1993 Australia 1985 Austria 1989 Belgium 1985 Bulgaria 2001 Canada 1985 Croatia 2007 Cyprus 2000 Czech Republic 2004 Denmark 1985 Estonia 2004 Finland 1991 France 1985 Germany 1985 Greece 1985 Hungary 1993 Iceland 1993 India 2018 Ireland 1985 Italy 1985 Japan 1985 South Korea 1996 Latvia 2004 Lithuania 2004 Luxembourg 1985 Malta 2004 Mexico 2013 Netherlands 1985 New Zealand 1985 Norway 1986 Poland 1994 Portugal 1985 Romania 1995 Slovakia 1994 Slovenia 2004 Spain 1985 Sweden 1991 Switzerland 1987 Turkey 2000 Ukraine 2005 United Kingdom 1985 United States 1985 International organisations Edit European Commission 1985 References Edit The Australia Group Origins www australiagroup net Retrieved 12 December 2017 The Australia Group Origins www australiagroup net Retrieved 23 May 2020 The Australia Group Membership www australiagroup net Retrieved 20 January 2018 Australia Group Chemical Weapons Precursors List costanziresearch com 28 February 2020 Retrieved 5 October 2020 Of these 87 chemicals 22 are Novichok precursors that were added on February 28 2020 to complement the recent addition of Novichok agents to CWC Schedule 1 The Australia Group Activities www australiagroup net Retrieved 23 May 2020 Arms Control Association The Australia Group at a Glance September 2003 available at www armscontrol org factssheets australiagroup asp Croddy Eric 2002 Chemical and Biological Weapons A Comprehensive Study for the Concerned Citizen Copernicus Books pp 180 1 ISBN 0 387 95076 1 External links EditThe Australia Group homepage Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Australia Group amp oldid 1137404822, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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