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Zagreb

January 12, 2023

This article is about the Croatian capital city. For other uses, see Zagreb (disambiguation).

Zagreb (/ˈzɑːɡrɛb, ˈzæɡrɛb, zɑːˈɡrɛb/ ZAH-greb, ZAG-reb, zah-GREB,[7] Croatian: [zǎːɡreb] (listen)[a])[9] is the capital and largest city of Croatia.[10] It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb stands near the international border between Croatia and Slovenia at an elevation of approximately 122 m (400 ft) above sea level.[11] At the 2021 census, the city had a population of 767,131.[12] The population of the Zagreb urban agglomeration is 1,071,150,[2] approximately a quarter of the total population of Croatia.

Zagreb
Capital city
Grad Zagreb
City of Zagreb
Flag
Coat of arms
Zagreb
Location of Zagreb in Croatia
Zagreb
Zagreb (Europe)
Coordinates: 45°49′N 15°59′E / 45.817°N 15.983°E / 45.817; 15.983Coordinates: 45°49′N 15°59′E / 45.817°N 15.983°E / 45.817; 15.983
Country Croatia
CountyCity of Zagreb
RC diocese1094
Free royal city1242
Unified1850
Subdivisions17 city districts
218 local committees
70 settlements
Government
 • TypeMayor-Council
 • MayorTomislav Tomašević (Možemo!)
 • City Assembly
47 members
Area
[1]
 • City641 km2 (247 sq mi)
 • Urban
202.4 km2 (78.1 sq mi)
 • Metro
[2]
2,911 km2 (1,124 sq mi)
Elevation
[3]
158 m (518 ft)
Highest elevation
1,035 m (3,396 ft)
Lowest elevation
122 m (400 ft)
Population
 (2021)
 • City767,131
 • Metro
[2]
1,107,150
 • Metro density380/km2 (990/sq mi)
Demonym(s)Zagreber (en)
Zagrepčanin (hr, male)
Zagrepčanka (hr, female)
Purger (informal, jargon)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
HR-10 000, HR-10 010, HR-10 020, HR-10 040, HR-10 090
Area code+385 1
Vehicle registrationZG
GDP (nominal)[4]2019
 - Total€19.178 billion / $21.470 billion
 - Per capita€24,779 / $27,740
GDP (PPP)[5]2019
 - Total$42.825 billion
 - Per capita$55,333
HDI (2019)0.908[6] – very high
Websitezagreb.hr (in Croatian)

Zagreb is a city with a rich history dating from Roman times. The oldest settlement in the vicinity of the city was the Roman Andautonia, in today's Ščitarjevo.[13] The historical record of the name "Zagreb" dates from 1134, in reference to the foundation of the settlement at Kaptol in 1094. Zagreb became a free royal city in 1242.[14] In 1851 Janko Kamauf became Zagreb's first mayor.[15]

Zagreb has special status as a Croatian administrative division - it comprises a consolidated city-county (but separate from Zagreb County),[16] and is administratively subdivided into 17 city districts.[17] Most of the city districts lie at a low elevation along the valley of the river Sava, but northern and northeastern city districts, such as Podsljeme[18] and Sesvete[19] districts are situated in the foothills of the Medvednica mountain,[20] making the city's geographical image quite diverse. The city extends over 30 kilometres (19 miles) east-west and around 20 kilometres (12 miles) north-south.[21][22]

Zagreb ranks as a global city, with a Beta − rating from the Globalization and World Cities Research Network.[23]

The transport connections, concentration of industry, scientific, and research institutions and industrial tradition underlie its leading economic position in Croatia.[24][25][26] Zagreb is the seat of the central government, administrative bodies, and almost all government ministries.[27][28][29] Almost all of the largest Croatian companies, media, and scientific institutions have their headquarters in the city. Zagreb is the most important transport hub in Croatia: here Central Europe, the Mediterranean and Southeast Europe meet, making the Zagreb area the centre of the road, rail and air networks of Croatia. It is a city known for its diverse economy, high quality of living, museums, sporting, and entertainment events. Major branches of Zagreb's economy include high-tech industries and the service sector.

Name

The etymology of the name Zagreb is unclear. It was used for the united city only from 1852, but it had been in use as the name of the Zagreb Diocese since the 12th century and was increasingly used for the city in the 17th century.[30] The name is first recorded in a charter by archbishop of Esztergom Felician, dated 1134, mentioned as Zagrabiensem episcopatum.[31]

The older form of the name is Zagrab. The modern Croatian form Zagreb is first recorded in a 1689 map by Nicolas Sanson. An even older form is reflected in Hungarian Zabrag (recorded from c. 1200 and in use until the 18th century). For this, Hungarian linguist Gyula Décsy proposes the etymology of Chabrag, a well-attested hypocorism of the name Cyprian. The same form is reflected in a number of Hungarian toponyms, such as Csepreg.[32]

The name might be derived from Proto-Slavic word *grębъ which means hill, uplift. (However, note Serbo-Croatian brȇg < Proto-Slavic *bergъ, which also means '(smaller) hill', and za brȇg 'to or toward the hill' for the seemingly metathesized variant in Hungarian, Zabrag – possibly modified from assumed *Zabreg because of Hungarian vowel harmony.) An Old Croatian reconstructed name *Zagrębъ is manifested through the German name of the city Agram.[33]

The name Agram was used in German in the Habsburg period; this name has been classified as "probably of Roman origin"[34] but according to Décsy (1990) it could be an Austrian German reanalysis of *Zugram. [32] In Middle Latin and Modern Latin, Zagreb is known as Agranum (the name of an unrelated Arabian city in Strabo), Zagrabia or Mons Graecensis (also Mons Crecensis, in reference to Grič (Gradec)).

In Croatian folk etymology, the name of the city has been derived from either the verb za-grab-, meaning "to scoop" or "to dig". One folk legend illustrating this derivation ties the name to a drought of the early 14th century, during which Augustin Kažotić (c. 1260–1323) is said to have dug a well which miraculously produced water.[35] In another legend,[36][37][38][39][40] a city governor is thirsty and orders a girl named Manda to "scoop" water from the Manduševac well (nowadays a fountain in Ban Jelačić Square), using the imperative: Zagrabi, Mando! ("Scoop, Manda!").[41]

History

Main article: History of Zagreb
For a chronological guide, see Timeline of Zagreb.
 
Ruins of the ancient Roman town Andautonia near Zagreb
 
Modern Zagreb's town core emerged from the Upper Town medieval settlements of Gradec and Kaptol. Picture from 1689

The oldest settlement located near today's Zagreb was the Roman town of Andautonia, now Ščitarjevo, which existed between the 1st and the 5th century AD.[42] The first recorded appearance of the name Zagreb is dated to 1094, at which time the city existed as two different city centers: the smaller, eastern Kaptol, inhabited mainly by clergy and housing Zagreb Cathedral, and the larger, western Gradec, inhabited mainly by craftsmen and merchants. Gradec and Kaptol were united in 1851 by ban Josip Jelačić, who was credited for this by naming the main city square, Ban Jelačić Square in his honor.[43]

During the period of former Yugoslavia, Zagreb remained an important economic centre of the country, and was the second largest city. After Croatia declared independence from Yugoslavia, Zagreb was proclaimed its capital.[44]

Early Zagreb

 
Sculpture symbolizing the Triune Kingdom of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia, Zagreb

The history of Zagreb dates as far back as 1094 A.D. when the Hungarian King Ladislaus, returning from his campaign against Croatia, founded a diocese. Alongside the bishop's see, the canonical settlement Kaptol developed north of Zagreb Cathedral, as did the fortified settlement Gradec on the neighbouring hill; the border between the two being the Medveščak stream.[45] Today the latter is Zagreb's Upper Town (Gornji Grad) and is one of the best preserved urban nuclei in Croatia. Both settlements came under Tatar attack in 1242.[46] As a sign of gratitude for offering him a safe haven from the Tatars the Croatian and Hungarian King Béla IV bestowed Gradec with a Golden Bull, which offered its citizens exemption from county rule and autonomy, as well as its own judicial system.[47][48]

16th to 18th centuries

 
Ban Jelačić Square in Zagreb under the Hapsburgs, before the 1880 Zagreb earthquake

There were numerous connections between the Kaptol diocese and the free sovereign town of Gradec for both economic and political reasons, but they weren't known as an integrated city, even as Zagreb became the political center and, representing both Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia, first convened at Gradec. Zagreb became Croatian capital in 1557, with city also being chosen as the seat of the Ban of Croatia in 1621 under ban Nikola IX Frankopan.[49]

At the invitation of the Croatian Parliament, the Jesuits came to Zagreb and built the first grammar school, the St. Catherine's Church and monastery. In 1669, they founded an academy where philosophy, theology, and law were taught, the forerunner of today's University of Zagreb.

During the 17th and 18th centuries, Zagreb was badly devastated by fire and the plague. In 1776, the royal council (government) moved from Varaždin to Zagreb and during the reign of Joseph II Zagreb became the headquarters of the Varaždin and Karlovac general command.[50]

19th to mid-20th century

 
Starčević square, first half of the 20th century

In the 19th century, Zagreb was the center of the Croatian National Revival and saw the erection of important cultural and historic institutions. In 1850, the town was united under its first mayor – Janko Kamauf.[50]

The first railway line to connect Zagreb with Zidani Most and Sisak was opened in 1862 and in 1863 Zagreb received a gasworks. The Zagreb waterworks was opened in 1878.

After the 1880 Zagreb earthquake, up to the 1914 outbreak of World War I, development flourished and the town received the characteristic layout which it has today. The first horse-drawn tram was used in 1891. The construction of the railway lines enabled the old suburbs to merge gradually into Donji Grad, characterized by a regular block pattern that prevails in Central European cities. This bustling core hosts many imposing buildings, monuments, and parks as well as a multitude of museums, theatres, and cinemas. An electric power plant was built in 1907.

Since 1 January 1877, the Grič cannon is fired daily from the Lotrščak Tower on Grič to mark midday. The first half of the 20th century saw a considerable expansion of Zagreb. Before World War I, the city expanded and neighborhoods like Stara Peščenica in the east and Črnomerec in the west were created. After the war, working-class districts such as Trnje emerged between the railway and the Sava, whereas the construction of residential districts on the hills of the southern slopes of Medvednica was completed between the two World Wars.

In the 1920s, the population of Zagreb increased by 70 percent – the largest demographic boom in the history of the town. In 1926, the first radio station in the region began broadcasting from Zagreb, and in 1947 the Zagreb Fair was opened.[50]

During World War II, Zagreb became the capital of the Independent State of Croatia, which was backed by Nazi Germany and the Italians. The history of Zagreb in World War II became rife with incidents of regime terror and resistance sabotage, and the Ustaša regime had thousands of people executed during the war in and near the city. The city was taken by the Partisans at the end of the war. From 1945 until 1990, Zagreb was the capital of the Socialist Republic of Croatia, one of the six constituent socialist republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

Contemporary era

 
Sky Office Tower
 
Eurotower, seat of the Zagreb Stock Exchange

The area between the railway and the Sava river witnessed a new construction boom after World War II. After the mid-1950s, construction of new residential areas south of the Sava river began, resulting in Novi Zagreb (Croatian for New Zagreb), originally called "Južni Zagreb" (Southern Zagreb).[51]

Today Novi Zagreb is divided in two city districts: Novi Zagreb – zapad (New Zagreb – West) and Novi Zagreb – istok (New Zagreb – East)

The city also expanded westward and eastward, incorporating Dubrava, Podsused, Jarun, Blato, and other settlements.

The cargo railway hub and the international airport Pleso were built south of the Sava river. The largest industrial zone (Žitnjak) in the south-eastern part of the city represents an extension of the industrial zones on the eastern outskirts of the city, between the Sava and the Prigorje region. Zagreb also hosted the Summer Universiade in 1987.[50] This event initiated the creation of pedestrian-only zones in the city centre and numerous new sport infrastructure, lacking until then, all around the city.[citation needed]

During the 1991–1995 Croatian War of Independence, it was a scene of some sporadic fighting surrounding its JNA army barracks, but escaped major damage. In May 1995, it was targeted by Serb rocket artillery in two rocket attacks which killed seven civilians and wounded many.

 
Mamutica in Novi Zagreb is the largest building in Croatia

An urbanized area connects Zagreb with the surrounding towns of Zaprešić, Samobor, Dugo Selo, and Velika Gorica. Sesvete was the first and the closest area to become a part of the agglomeration and is already included in the City of Zagreb for administrative purposes and now forms the easternmost city district.[52]

In 2020 the city was hit by a 5.5 magnitude earthquake. Various buildings in the historic downtown area were damaged. The city's iconic cathedral lost the cross off of one of its towers. This earthquake was the strongest one to affect the city since the destructive 1880 Zagreb earthquake.

Area and population development

Cells left-aligned, table centred
Year Area
(km2) 		Population
(within city limits at that time) 		Population
(within today's city limits)
1368 2,810[nb 1]
1742 3.33 5,600[nb 1]
1805 3.33 7,706[nb 2](≈11 000 in total)
1848 25.4 15,978
1850 25.4 16,036
1857 25.4 16,657 48,266
1869 25.4 19,857 54,761
1880 25.4 30,830 67,188
1890 25.4 40,268 82,848
1900 64.37 61,002 111,565
1910 64.37 79,038 136,351
1921 64.37 108,674 167,765
1931 64.37 185,581 258,024
1948 74.99 279,623 356,529
1953 235.74 350,829 393,919
1961 495.60 430,802 478,076
1971 497.95 602,205 629,896
1981 1,261.54 768,700 723,065
1991 1,715.55 933,914 777,826
2001 641.36 779,145 779,145
2011 641.36 790,017 790,017
The data in column 3 refers to the population in the city borders as of the census in question. Column 4 is calculated for the territory now defined as the City of Zagreb (Narodne Novine 97/10).[53]

Geography

Climate

 
Panoramic view of Upper Town – Gradec

The climate of Zagreb is classified as an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb) with significant continental influences, very closely bordering on a humid continental climate (Dfa/Dfb) as well as a humid subtropical climate (Cfa). Zagreb has four separate seasons. Summers are generally warm, sometimes hot. In late May it gets significantly warmer, temperatures start rising and it is often very warm or even hot with occasional afternoon and evening thunderstorms. Heatwaves can occur but are short-lived. Temperatures rise above 30 °C (86 °F) on average 14.6 days each summer. Rainfall is abundant in summertime, falling mainly during thunderstorms. With 840 mm of precipitation per year, Zagreb is Europe's ninth wettest capital, receiving less precipitation than Luxembourg but more than Brussels, Paris or London. Compared to these cities, however, Zagreb has less rainy days, but the annual rainfall is higher due to heavier showers occurring mainly in late spring and summer. Autumn in its early stage often brings pleasant and sunny weather with occasional episodes of rain later in the season. Late autumn is characterized by a mild increase in the number of rainy days and a gradual decline in temperature averages. Morning fog is common from mid-October to January, with northern city districts at the foothills of the Medvednica mountain as well as south-central districts along the Sava river being more prone to longer fog accumulation. Winters are relatively cold, bringing overcast skies and a precipitation decrease pattern. February is the driest month, averaging 39 mm of precipitation. On average there are 29 days with snowfall, with the first snow usually falling in early December. However, in recent years, the number of days with snowfall in wintertime has decreased considerably. Springs are generally mild and very pleasant with sporadic weather changes and are somewhat windier than other seasons. As the season progresses, sunny days become more frequent, bringing higher temperatures. Sometimes cold spells can occur, mostly in springtime's early stages. The average daily mean temperature in the winter is around 1 °C (34 °F) (from December to February) and the average temperature in the summer is 22.0 °C (71.6 °F).[54]

 
Mount Medvednica seen from Jarun Lake

The highest recorded temperature at the Maksimir weather station was 40.4 °C (104.7 °F) in July 1950, and lowest was −27.3 °C (−17.1 °F) in February 1956.[55] A temperature of −30.5 °C (−22.9 °F) was recorded on the since defunct Borongaj Airfield in February 1940.[56]

Climate data for Zagreb Maksimir (1971–2000, extremes 1949–2019)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 19.4
(66.9) 		22.6
(72.7) 		26.0
(78.8) 		30.5
(86.9) 		33.7
(92.7) 		37.6
(99.7) 		40.4
(104.7) 		39.8
(103.6) 		34.0
(93.2) 		28.3
(82.9) 		25.4
(77.7) 		22.5
(72.5) 		40.4
(104.7)
Average high °C (°F) 3.7
(38.7) 		6.8
(44.2) 		11.9
(53.4) 		16.3
(61.3) 		21.5
(70.7) 		24.5
(76.1) 		26.7
(80.1) 		26.3
(79.3) 		22.1
(71.8) 		15.8
(60.4) 		8.9
(48.0) 		4.6
(40.3) 		15.8
(60.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) 0.3
(32.5) 		2.3
(36.1) 		6.4
(43.5) 		10.7
(51.3) 		15.8
(60.4) 		18.8
(65.8) 		20.6
(69.1) 		20.1
(68.2) 		15.9
(60.6) 		10.5
(50.9) 		5.0
(41.0) 		1.4
(34.5) 		10.7
(51.3)
Average low °C (°F) −3.0
(26.6) 		−1.8
(28.8) 		1.6
(34.9) 		5.2
(41.4) 		9.8
(49.6) 		13.0
(55.4) 		14.7
(58.5) 		14.4
(57.9) 		10.8
(51.4) 		6.2
(43.2) 		1.4
(34.5) 		−1.7
(28.9) 		5.9
(42.6)
Record low °C (°F) −24.3
(−11.7) 		−27.3
(−17.1) 		−18.3
(−0.9) 		−4.4
(24.1) 		−1.8
(28.8) 		2.5
(36.5) 		5.4
(41.7) 		3.7
(38.7) 		−0.6
(30.9) 		−5.6
(21.9) 		−13.5
(7.7) 		−19.8
(−3.6) 		−27.5
(−17.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 43.2
(1.70) 		38.9
(1.53) 		52.6
(2.07) 		59.3
(2.33) 		72.6
(2.86) 		95.3
(3.75) 		77.4
(3.05) 		92.3
(3.63) 		85.8
(3.38) 		82.9
(3.26) 		80.1
(3.15) 		59.6
(2.35) 		840.1
(33.07)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 9.8 9.4 11.0 13.0 13.5 13.7 11.2 10.4 10.4 10.9 11.3 11.0 135.6
Average snowy days (≥ 1.0 cm) 10.3 7.1 1.8 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.9 6.7 29.0
Average relative humidity (%) 82.5 76.4 70.3 67.5 68.3 69.7 69.1 72.1 77.7 81.3 83.6 84.8 75.3
Mean monthly sunshine hours 55.8 98.9 142.6 168.0 229.4 234.0 275.9 257.3 189.0 124.0 63.0 49.6 1,887.5
Percent possible sunshine 23 39 43 45 54 55 63 63 54 41 26 23 47
Average ultraviolet index 1 2 3 5 7 8 8 7 5 3 1 1 4
Source: Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service[54][55] and Weather Atlas[57]
Climate data for Zagreb
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily daylight hours 9.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 15.0 14.0 13.0 11.0 9.0 9.0 12.3
Source: Weather Atlas[57]

Cityscape

 
Panoramic view of Zagreb.

The most important historical high-rise constructions are Neboder (1958) on Ban Jelačić Square, Cibona Tower (1987), and Zagrepčanka (1976) on Savska Street, Mamutica in Travno (Novi Zagreb – istok district, built in 1974) and Zagreb TV Tower on Sljeme (built in 1973).[58]

In the 2000s, the City Assembly approved a new plan that allowed for the many recent high-rise buildings in Zagreb, such as the Almeria Tower, Eurotower, HOTO Tower, Zagrebtower and one of the tallest skyscrapers Sky Office Tower.[59][60]

In Novi Zagreb, the neighbourhoods of Blato and Lanište expanded significantly, including the Zagreb Arena and the adjoining business centre.[61]

Due to a long-standing restriction that forbade the construction of 10-story or higher buildings, most of Zagreb's high-rise buildings date from the 1970s and 1980s and new apartment buildings on the outskirts of the city are usually 4–8 floors tall. Exceptions to the restriction have been made in recent years, such as permitting the construction of high-rise buildings in Lanište or Kajzerica.[62]

 
Panorama of the city at night.

Surroundings

Further information: Zagreb County, Prigorje, Hrvatsko Zagorje, and Turopolje

The wider Zagreb area has been continuously inhabited since the prehistoric period, as witnessed by archaeological findings in the Veternica cave from the Paleolithic and excavation of the remains of the Roman Andautonia near the present village of Šćitarjevo.

Picturesque former villages on the slopes of Medvednica, Šestine, Gračani, and Remete, maintain their rich traditions, including folk costumes, Šestine umbrellas, and gingerbread products.

To the north is the Medvednica Mountain (Croatian: Zagrebačka gora), with its highest peak Sljeme(1,035 m), where one of the tallest structures in Croatia, Zagreb TV Tower is located. The Sava and the Kupa valleys are to the south of Zagreb, and the region of Hrvatsko Zagorje is located on the other (northern) side of the Medvednica hill. In mid-January 2005, Sljeme held its first World Ski Championship tournament.

 
Medvedgrad fortress

From the summit, weather permitting, the vista reaches as far as Velebit Range along Croatia's rocky northern coast, as well as the snow-capped peaks of the towering Julian Alps in neighboring Slovenia. There are several lodging villages, offering accommodation and restaurants for hikers. Skiers visit Sljeme, which has four ski-runs, three ski-lifts, and a chairlift.

The old Medvedgrad, a recently restored medieval burg was built in the 13th century on Medvednica hill. It overlooks the western part of the city and also hosts the Shrine of the Homeland, a memorial with an eternal flame, where Croatia pays reverence to all its heroes fallen for homeland in its history, customarily on national holidays. The ruined medieval fortress Susedgrad is located on the far-western side of Medvednica hill. It has been abandoned since the early 17th century, but it is visited during the year.

Zagreb occasionally experiences earthquakes, due to the proximity of Žumberak-Medvednica fault zone.[63] It's classified as an area of high seismic activity.[64] The area around Medvednica was the epicentre of the 1880 Zagreb earthquake (magnitude 6.3), and the area is known for occasional landslide threatening houses in the area.[65] The proximity of strong seismic sources presents a real danger of strong earthquakes.[65] Croatian Chief of Office of Emergency Management Pavle Kalinić stated Zagreb experiences around 400 earthquakes a year, most of them being imperceptible. However, in case of a strong earthquake, it's expected that 3,000 people would die and up to 15,000 would be wounded.[66]

Demographics

Main article: Demographics of Zagreb
 
Ban Jelačić Square with statue

Zagreb is by far the largest city in Croatia in terms of area and population. The 2021 census counted 767,131 residents.[12]

Zagreb metropolitan area population is slightly above 1.0 million inhabitants,[67] as it includes the Zagreb County.[68] Zagreb metropolitan area makes approximately a quarter of a total population of Croatia. In 1997, the City of Zagreb itself was given special County status, separating it from Zagreb County,[69] although it remains the administrative centre of both.

The majority of its citizens are Croats making up 93% of the city's population (2011 census). The same census records around 55,000 residents belonging to ethnic minorities: 17,526 Serbs (2.22%), 8,119 Bosniaks (1.03%), 4,292 Albanians (0.54%), 2,755 Romani (0.35%), 2,132 Slovenes (0.27%), 1,194 Macedonians (0.15%), 1,191 Montenegrins (0.15%), and a number of other smaller communities.[70]

City of Zagreb: Population trends 1857–2021
population
48266
54761
67188
82848
111565
136351
167765
258024
356529
393919
478076
629896
723065
777826
779145
790017
767131
18571869188018901900191019211931194819531961197119811991200120112021
Sources: Croatian Bureau of Statistics publications

City districts

Main article: Districts of Zagreb

Since 14 December 1999 City of Zagreb is divided into 17 city districts (gradska četvrt, pl. gradske četvrti):

# District Area (km2) Population
(2001)[71]		 Population
(2011)[72]		 Population
density (2011)
1. Donji Grad 3.01 45,108 37,024 12,333
2. Gornji Grad–Medveščak 10.12 36,384 30,962 3,091
3. Trnje 7.37 45,267 42,282 5,716
4. Maksimir 14.35 49,750 48,902 3,446
5. Peščenica – Žitnjak 35.30 58,283 56,487 1,599
6. Novi Zagreb – istok 16.54 65,301 59,055 3,581
7. Novi Zagreb – zapad 62.59 48,981 58,103 927
8. Trešnjevka – sjever 5.83 55,358 55,425 9,493
9. Trešnjevka – jug 9.84 67,162 66,674 6,768
10. CČrnomerec 24.33 38,762 38,546 1,605
11. Gornja Dubrava 40.28 61,388 61,841 1,545
12. Donja Dubrava 10.82 35,944 36,363 3,370
13. Stenjevec 12.18 41,257 51,390 4,257
14. Podsused – Vrapče 36.05 42,360 45,759 1,270
15. Podsljeme 60.11 17,744 19,165 320
16. Sesvete 165.26 59,212 70,009 427
17. Brezovica 127.45 10,884 12,030 94
TOTAL 641.43 779,145 790,017 1,236

City districts are subdivided in 218 local committees as primary units of local self-government.[73]

Settlements

The city itself is not the only standalone settlement in the City of Zagreb administrative area – there are a number of larger urban settlements like Sesvete and Lučko and a number of smaller villages attached to it whose population is tracked separately.[74]

There are 70 settlements in the City of Zagreb administrative area:

Politics and government

See also: Politics of Croatia
 
Croatian Parliament (Sabor) on Saint Mark's Square
 
George W. Bush giving a speech on St. Mark's Square in front of Banski Dvori, the seat of the Croatian government, 4 April 2008

Zagreb is the capital of the Republic of Croatia, its political center and the center of various state institutions. On the St. Mark's Square are the seats of the Government of the Republic of Croatia in the Banski Dvori complex, the Croatian Parliament (Sabor), as well as the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia. Various ministries and state agencies are located in the wider area of the City of Zagreb.

City governance

See also: List of mayors of Zagreb and Zagreb Assembly

The current mayor of Zagreb is Tomislav Tomašević ('We can!'), elected in the 2021 Zagreb local elections, the second round of which was held on 30 May 2021. There are two deputy mayors elected from the same list, Danijela Dolenec and Luka Korlaet.

The Zagreb Assembly is composed of 51 representatives, elected in the 2021 Zagreb local elections.

The political groups represented in the Assembly (as of June 2021):[75]

Groups No. of members per group
2021
Green–Left
23 / 47
HDZ
6 / 47
DP
5 / 47
BM365
5 / 47
SDP
5 / 47
Most
3 / 47
Source:[76][77]

The Zagreb Assembly is composed of 51 representatives, elected in the 2021 Zagreb local elections.

According to the Constitution, the city of Zagreb, as the capital of Croatia, has a special status. As such, Zagreb performs self-governing public affairs of both city and county. It is also the seat of the Zagreb County which encircles Zagreb.

 
The Strossmayer Promenade, commonly known as "Štros"(Stross), walkway built on top of the old city walls
 
Maksimir Park, opened in 1794 it is the oldest public park in Zagreb and region

The city administration bodies are the Zagreb City Assembly (Gradska skupština Grada Zagreba) as the representative body and the mayor of Zagreb (Gradonačelnik Grada Zagreba) who is the executive head of the city.

The City Assembly is the representative body of the citizens of the City of Zagreb elected for a four-year term on the basis of universal suffrage in direct elections by secret ballot using proportional system with d'Hondt method in a manner specified by law. There are 51 representatives in the City Assembly, among them the president and vice-presidents of the assembly are elected by the representatives.

 
The oldest known coat of arms of the city of Zagreb is engraved on the northwestern part of the Church of St. Mark

Prior to 2009, the mayor was elected by the City Assembly. It was changed to direct elections by majoritarian vote (two-round system) in 2009. The mayor is the head of the city administration and has two deputies (directly elected together with him/her).

The term of office of the mayor (and his/her deputies) is four years. The mayor (with the deputies) may be recalled by a referendum according to the law (not less than 20% of all electors in the City of Zagreb or not less than two-thirds of the Zagreb Assembly city deputies have the right to initiate a city referendum regarding recalling of the mayor; when a majority of voters taking part in the referendum vote in favor of the recall, provided that majority includes not less than one third of all persons entitled to vote in the City of Zagreb, i.e. 1⁄3 of persons in the City of Zagreb electoral register, the mayor's mandate shall be deemed revoked and special mayoral by-elections shall be held).

In the City of Zagreb the mayor is also responsible for the state administration (due to the special status of Zagreb as a "city with county rights", there isn't a State Administration Office which in all counties performs tasks of the central government).

City administration offices, institutions and services (18 city offices, 1 public institute or bureau and 2 city services) have been founded for performing activities within the self-administrative sphere and activities entrusted by the state administration. The city administrative bodies are managed by the principals (appointed by the mayor for a four-year term of office, may be appointed again to the same duty). The City Assembly Professional Service is managed by the secretary of the City Assembly (appointed by the Assembly).

Local government is organised in 17 city districts represented by City District Councils. Residents of districts elect members of councils.[78]

International relations

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Croatia

Twin towns – sister cities

Zagreb is twinned with the following towns and cities:[79][80][81]

Partner cities

The city has partnership arrangements with:

Culture

Tourism

 
Aerial view of Gornji Grad (Gradec)
 
View of the St. Mark's Church with the famous colourful roof representing the Coat of Arms of Croatia and Zagreb

Zagreb is an important tourist center, not only in terms of passengers traveling from the rest of Europe to the Adriatic Sea, but also as a travel destination itself. Since the end of the war, it has attracted close to a million visitors annually, mainly from Austria, Germany, and Italy, and in recent years many tourists from far east (South Korea, Japan, China, and last two years, from India). It has become an important tourist destination, not only in Croatia, but considering the whole region of southeastern Europe. There are many interesting sights and happenings for tourists to attend in Zagreb, for example, the two statues of Saint George, one at the Republic of Croatia Square, the other at the Stone Gate, where the image of Virgin Mary is said to be the only thing that hasn't burned in the 17th-century fire. Also, there is an art installation starting in the Bogovićeva Street, called Nine Views.

Zagreb is also famous for its award-winning Christmas market that had been named the one in Europe for three years in a row (2015, 2016, 2017) by European Best Destinations.[100][101]

The capital is also known for its top Restaurants in Zagreb[102] that offer more than traditional Croatian food and classic dishes.

The historical part of the city to the north of Ban Jelačić Square is composed of the Gornji Grad and Kaptol, a medieval urban complex of churches, palaces, museums, galleries and government buildings that are popular with tourists on sightseeing tours. The historic district can be reached on foot, starting from the Ban Jelačić Square, the center of Zagreb, or by a funicular on nearby Tomićeva Street. Each Saturday, (from April until the end of September), on St. Mark's Square in the Upper town, tourists can meet members of the Order of The Silver Dragon (Red Srebrnog Zmaja), who reenact famous historical conflicts between Gradec and Kaptol. It's a great opportunity for all visitors to take photographs of authentic and fully functional historical replicas of medieval armor.

In 2010 more than 600,000[103] tourists visited the city, with a 10%[104] increase seen in 2011. In 2012 a total of 675 707 tourists[105] visited the city. A record number of tourists visited Zagreb in 2017. – 1.286.087, up 16% compared to the year before, which generated 2.263.758 overnight stays, up 14,8%.

Souvenirs and gastronomy

 
Ilica, the famous shopping street of the city
 
Licitar hearts, a popular souvenir
 
Tkalčićeva Street, commonly known as "Tkalča"(Tkalcha) with many cafes, bars and restaurants of local and foreign cuisine

Numerous shops, boutiques, store houses and shopping centers offer a variety of quality clothing. There are about fourteen big shopping centers in Zagreb. Zagreb's offerings include crystal, china and ceramics, wicker or straw baskets, and top-quality Croatian wines and gastronomic products.

Notable Zagreb souvenirs are the tie or cravat, an accessory named after Croats who wore characteristic scarves around their necks in the Thirty Years' War in the 17th century and the ball-point pen, a tool developed from the inventions by Slavoljub Eduard Penkala, an inventor and a citizen of Zagreb.

Many Zagreb restaurants offer various specialties of national and international cuisine. Domestic products which deserve to be tasted include turkey, duck or goose with mlinci (a kind of pasta), štrukli (cottage cheese strudel), sir i vrhnje (cottage cheese with cream), kremšnite (custard slices in flaky pastry), and orehnjača (traditional walnut roll).

Museums

Zagreb's museums reflect the history, art, and culture not only of Zagreb and Croatia, but also of Europe and the world. Around thirty collections in museums and galleries comprise more than 3.6 million various exhibits, excluding church and private collections.

The Archaeological Museum collections, today consisting of nearly 450,000 varied archaeological artefacts and monuments, have been gathered over the years from many different sources. These holdings include evidence of Croatian presence in the area.[106] The most famous are the Egyptian collection, the Zagreb mummy and bandages with the oldest Etruscan inscription in the world (Liber Linteus Zagrabiensis), as well as the numismatic collection.

Modern Gallery (Croatian: Moderna galerija) holds the most important and comprehensive collection of paintings, sculptures and drawings by 19th- and 20th-century Croatian artists. The collection numbers more than 10,000 works of art, housed since 1934 in the historic Vranyczany Palace in the center of Zagreb, overlooking the Zrinjevac Park. A secondary gallery is the Josip Račić Studio.[107]

Croatian Natural History Museum holds one of the world's most important collection of Neanderthal remains found at one site.[108] These are the remains, stone weapons, and tools of prehistoric Krapina man. The holdings of the Croatian Natural History Museum comprise more than 250,000 specimens distributed among various collections.

Technical Museum was founded in 1954 and it maintains the oldest preserved machine in the area, dating from 1830, which is still operational. The museum exhibits numerous historic aircraft, cars, machinery and equipment. There are some distinct sections in the museum: the Planetarium, the Apisarium, the Mine (model of mines for coal, iron and non-ferrous metals, about 300 m (980 ft) long), and the Nikola Tesla study.[109][110]

Museum of the City of Zagreb was established in 1907 by the Association of the Braća Hrvatskog Zmaja. It is located in a restored monumental complex (Popov toranj, the Observatory, Zakmardi Granary) of the former Convent of the Poor Clares, of 1650.[111] The Museum deals with topics from the cultural, artistic, economic and political history of the city spanning from Roman finds to the modern period. The holdings comprise over 80,000 items arranged systematically into collections of artistic and mundane objects characteristic of the city and its history.

Arts and Crafts Museum was founded in 1880 with the intention of preserving the works of art and craft against the new predominance of industrial products. With its 160,000 exhibits, the Arts and Crafts Museum is a national-level museum for artistic production and the history of material culture in Croatia.[112]

Ethnographic Museum was founded in 1919. It lies in the fine Secession building of the one-time Trades Hall of 1903. The ample holdings of about 80,000 items cover the ethnographic heritage of Croatia, classified in the three cultural zones: the Pannonian, Dinaric and Adriatic.[113]

Mimara Museum was founded with a donation from Ante "Mimara" Topić and opened to the public in 1987. It is located in a late 19th-century neo-Renaissance palace.[114] The holdings comprise 3,750 works of art of various techniques and materials, and different cultures and civilizations.

Croatian Museum of Naïve Art is one of the first museums of naïve art in the world. The museum holds works of Croatian naïve expression of the 20th century. It is located in the 18th-century Raffay Palace in the Gornji Grad. The museum holdings consist of almost 2000 works of art – paintings, sculptures, drawings, and prints, mainly by Croatians but also by other well-known world artists.[115] From time to time, the museum organizes topics and retrospective exhibitions by naïve artists, expert meetings and educational workshops and playrooms.

The Museum of Contemporary Art was founded in 1954. Its new building hosts a rich collection of Croatian and international contemporary visual art which has been collected throughout the decades from the nineteen-fifties until today. The museum is located in the center of Novi Zagreb, opened in 2009. The old location is now part of the Kulmer Palace in the Gornji Grad.[116]

Other museums and galleries are also found in the Croatian School Museum, the Croatian Hunting Museum, the Croatian Sports Museum, the Croatian Post and Telecommunications Museum, the HAZU (Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts) Glyptotheque (collection of monuments), and the HAZU Graphics Cabinet.

The Strossmayer Gallery of Old Masters offers permanent holdings presenting European paintings from the 14th to 19th centuries,[117] and the Ivan Meštrović Studio, with sculptures, drawings, lithography portfolios and other items, was a donation of this great artist to his homeland The Museum and Gallery Center introduces on various occasions the Croatian and foreign cultural and artistic heritage. The Art Pavilion by Viennese architects Hellmer and Fellmer who were the most famous designers of theatres in Central Europe is a neo-classical exhibition complex and one of the landmarks of the downtown. The exhibitions are also held in the impressive Meštrović building on the Square of the Victims of Fascism – the Home of Croatian Fine Artists. The World Center "Wonder of Croatian Naïve Art" exhibits masterpieces of Croatian naïve art as well as the works of a new generation of artists. The Modern Gallery comprises all relevant fine artists of the 19th and 20th centuries. The Museum of Broken Relationships at 2 Ćirilometodska holds people's mementos of past relationships.[118][119][120] It is the first private museum in the country.[121] Lauba House (23a Baruna Filipovića) presents works from Filip Trade Collection, a large private collection of modern and contemporary Croatian art and current artistic production.[122][123]

Events

Zagreb has been, and is, hosting some of the most popular mainstream artists, in the past few years their concerts held the Rolling Stones, U2, Eric Clapton, Deep Purple, Bob Dylan, David Bowie, Roger Waters, Depeche Mode, Prodigy, Beyoncé, Nick Cave, Jamiroquai, Manu Chao, Massive Attack, Metallica, Snoop Dogg, Lady Gaga, Duran Duran as well as some of world most recognised underground artists such as Dimmu Borgir, Sepultura, Melvins, Mastodon and many more.

Zagreb is also the home of the INmusic festival, one of the biggest open-air festivals in Croatia which is held every year, usually at the end of June. There is also the Zagreb Jazz Festival which has featured popular jazz artists like Pat Metheny or Sonny Rollins. Many others festivals occur in Zagreb like Žedno uho featuring indie, rock, metal and electronica artists such as Animal Collective, Melvins, Butthole Surfers, Crippled Black Phoenix, NoMeansNo, The National, Mark Lanegan, Swans, Mudhoney around the clubs and concert halls of Zagreb.

Performing arts

There are about 20 permanent or seasonal theatres and stages. The Croatian National Theater in Zagreb was built in 1895 and opened by emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria. The most renowned concert hall named "Vatroslav Lisinski", after the composer of the first Croatian opera, was built in 1973.

The World Theatre Festival and International Puppet Festival both take place in Zagreb in September and October.[124]

Animafest, the World Festival of Animated Films, takes place every even-numbered year, and the Music Biennale, the international festival of avant-garde music, every odd-numbered year. It also hosts the annual ZagrebDox documentary film festival. The Festival of the Zagreb Philharmonic and the flowers exhibition Floraart (end of May or beginning of June), the Old-timer Rally annual events. In the summer, theatre performances and concerts, mostly in the Upper Town, are organized either indoors or outdoors. The stage on Opatovina hosts the Zagreb Histrionic Summer theatre events.

Zagreb is also the host of Zagrebfest, the oldest Croatian pop-music festival, as well as of several traditional international sports events and tournaments. The Day of the City of Zagreb on 16 November is celebrated every year with special festivities, especially on the Jarun lake in the southwestern part of the city.

Recreation and sports

 
Snow Queen Trophy is a World Cup alpine ski race in Zagreb
 
Arena Zagreb
 
Jarun Lake

Zagreb is home to numerous sports and recreational centers. Recreational Sports Center Jarun, situated on Jarun Lake in the southwest of the city, has fine shingle beaches, a world-class regatta course, a jogging lane around the lake, several restaurants, many night clubs and a discothèque. Its sports and recreation opportunities include swimming, sunbathing, waterskiing, angling, and other water sports, but also beach volleyball, football, basketball, handball, table tennis, and mini-golf.

Dom Sportova, a sport centre in northern Trešnjevka features six halls. The largest two have seating capacity of 5,000 and 3,100 people, respectively.[125] This centre is used for basketball, handball, volleyball, hockey, gymnastics, tennis, etc. It also hosts music events.

Arena Zagreb was finished in 2008. The 16,500-seat arena[126] hosted the 2009 World Men's Handball Championship. The Dražen Petrović Basketball Hall seats 5,400 people. Alongside the hall is the 94-metre (308 ft) high glass Cibona Tower. Sports Park Mladost, situated on the embankment of the Sava river, has an Olympic-size swimming pool, smaller indoor and outdoor swimming pools, a sunbathing terrace, 16 tennis courts as well as basketball, volleyball, handball, football and field hockey courts. A volleyball sports hall is within the park. Sports and Recreational Center Šalata, located in Šalata, only a couple hundred meters from the Jelačić Square, is most attractive for tennis players. It comprises a big tennis court and eight smaller ones, two of which are covered by the so-called "balloon", and another two equipped with lights. The center also has swimming pools, basketball courts, football fields, a gym, and fitness center, and a four-lane bowling alley. Outdoor ice skating is a popular winter recreation. There are also several fine restaurants within and near the center.

Maksimir Tennis Center, located in Ravnice east of downtown, consists of two sports blocks. The first comprises a tennis center situated in a large tennis hall with four courts. There are 22 outdoor tennis courts with lights. The other block offers multipurpose sports facilities: apart from tennis courts, there are handball, basketball and indoor football grounds, as well as track and field facilities, a bocci ball alley and table tennis opportunities.

Recreational swimmers can enjoy a smaller-size indoor swimming pool in Daničićeva Street, and a newly opened indoor Olympic-size pool at Utrine sports center in Novi Zagreb. Skaters can skate in the skating rink on Trg Sportova (Sports Square) and on the lake Jarun Skaters' park. Hippodrome Zagreb offers recreational horseback riding opportunities, while horse races are held every weekend during the warmer part of the year.

The 38,923[127]-seat Maksimir Stadium, last 10 years under renovation, is located in Maksimir in the northeastern part of the city. The stadium is part of the immense Svetice recreational and sports complex (ŠRC Svetice), south of the Maksimir Park. The complex covers an area of 276,440 m2 (68 acres). It is part of a significant green zone, which passes from Medvednica in the north toward the south. ŠRC Svetice, together with Maksimir Park, creates an ideal connection of areas which are assigned to sport, recreation, and leisure.

The latest larger recreational facility is Bundek, a group of two small lakes near the Sava in Novi Zagreb, surrounded by a partly forested park. The location had been used prior to the 1970s, but then went to neglect until 2006 when it was renovated.

In year 2021 Zagreb was the host city of Croatia Rally, round three of 2021 World Rally Championship. The Rally was won by Sébastien Ogier and Julien Ingrassia, Toyota Gazoo Racing WRT crew. Service parc, Overnight parc ferme and Shakedown Medvedgrad took place in Zagreb placing him as a lone capital in the championship. 2021 Croatia Rally became third tightest WRC event up to date, with only 0,6 seconds dividing the winning crew and second placed Elfyn Evans and Scott Martin (co-driver) in Toyota Yaris WRC. The Croatian round of WRC was praised by becoming the part of 2022 World Rally Championship.

Some of the most notable sport clubs in Zagreb are: GNK Dinamo Zagreb, KHL Medveščak Zagreb, RK Zagreb, KK Cibona, KK Zagreb, KK Cedevita, NK Zagreb, HAVK Mladost and others. The city hosted the 2016 Davis Cup World Group final between Croatia and Argentina.

Religion

 
 
 
 
Clockwise from top left: Zagreb Cathedral, Church of Christ the King in Mirogoj with grave of Franjo Tuđman, the first Croatian president in the front of church, Zagreb Mosque and Serbian Orthodox Church Cathedral with statue of Petar Preradović, Croatian national poet, writer, and military general

The Archdiocese of Zagreb is a metropolitan see of the Catholic Church in Croatia, serving as its religious center. The Archbishop is Josip Cardinal Bozanić. The Catholic Church is the largest religious organisation in Zagreb, Catholicism being the predominant religion of Croatia, with over 1.1 million adherents.[128] Zagreb is also the Episcopal see of the Metropolitanate of Zagreb and Ljubljana of the Serbian Orthodox Church. Islamic religious organization of Croatia has the see in Zagreb. President is Mufti Aziz Hasanović. There used to be a mosque in the Meštrović Pavilion during World War II[129] at the Square of the Victims of Fascism, but it was relocated to the neighborhood of Borovje in Peščenica. Mainstream Protestant churches have also been present in Zagreb – Evangelical (Lutheran) Church and Reformed Christian (Calvinist) Church. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) is also present in the Zagreb neighborhood of Jarun whereas Jehovah's Witnesses have their headquarters in Central Zagreb.[130] In total there are around 40 non-Catholic religious organizations and denominations in Zagreb with their headquarters and places of worship across the city making it a large and diverse multicultural community. There is also significant Jewish history through the Holocaust.

Economy

Important branches of industry are: production of electrical machines and devices, chemical, pharmaceutical, textile, food and drink processing. Zagreb is an international trade and business centre, as well as an essential transport hub placed at the crossroads of Central Europe, the Mediterranean and the Southeast Europe.[131] Almost all of the largest Croatian as well as Central European companies and conglomerates such as Agrokor, INA, Hrvatski Telekom have their headquarters in the city.

The only Croatian stock exchange is the Zagreb Stock Exchange (Croatian: Zagrebačka burza), which is located in Eurotower, one of the tallest Croatian skyscrapers.

According to 2008 data, the city of Zagreb has the highest PPP and nominal gross domestic product per capita in Croatia at $32,185 and $27,271 respectively, compared to the Croatian averages of US$18,686 and $15,758.[132]

As of May 2015, the average monthly net salary in Zagreb was 6,669 kuna, about €870 (Croatian average is 5,679 kuna, about €740).[133][134] At the end of 2012, the average unemployment rate in Zagreb was around 9.5%.[135] 34% of companies in Croatia have headquarters in Zagreb, and 38.4% of the Croatian workforce works in Zagreb, including almost all banks, utility and public transport companies.[136][137][138]

Companies in Zagreb create 52% of total turnover and 60% of total profit of Croatia in 2006 as well as 35% of Croatian export and 57% of Croatian import.[139][140]

The following table includes some of the main economic indicators for the period 2011–2019, based on the data by the Croatian Bureau of Statistics.[4] A linear interpolation was used for the population data between 2011 and 2021. While data on the yearly averaged conversion rates between HRK, EUR and USD is provided by the Croatian National Bank,[141] data regarding the PPP are based on OECD estimates.[5]

Year Population PPP (National currency units/US dollar) Exchange rate (to 1 EUR) Exchange rate (to US$1) GDP (nominal in mil. HRK) GDP (nominal in mil. EUR) GDP (nominal in mil. USD) GDP (PPP in mil. USD) GDP per capita (nominal in HRK) GDP per capita (nominal in EUR) GDP per capita (nominal in USD) GDP per capita (PPP in USD)
2011 790,017 3.753 7.4342 5.3435 115,328 15,513 21,583 30,730 145,982 19,636 27,319 38,897
2012 788,010 3.664 7.5173 5.8509 114,172 15,188 19,514 31,160 144,887 19,274 24,763 39,543
2013 786,002 3.575 7.5735 5.7059 113,046 14,926 19,812 31,621 143,824 18,990 25,206 40,230
2014 783,995 3.543 7.6300 5.7493 113,749 14,908 19,785 32,105 145,089 19,016 25,236 40,951
2015 781,988 3.512 7.6096 6.8623 116,962 15,370 17,044 33,304 149,570 19,655 21,796 42,588
2016 779,981 3.382 7.5294 6.8037 120,535 16,009 17,716 35,640 154,536 20,524 22,713 45,694
2017 777,973 3.325 7.4601 6.6224 126,607 16,971 19,118 38,077 162,740 21,815 24,574 48,944
2018 775,966 3.311 7.4141 6.2784 133,796 18,046 21,311 40,410 172,425 23,256 27,463 52,076
2019 773,959 3.32 7.4136 6.6223 142,180 19,178 21,470 42,825 183,705 24,779 27,740 55,333
2020 771,951
2021 767,131

Transport

Main article: Transport in Zagreb

Highways

Further information: Highways in Croatia

Zagreb is the hub of five major Croatian highways.

The highway A6 was upgraded in October 2008 and leads from Zagreb to Rijeka, and forming a part of the Pan-European Corridor Vb. The upgrade coincided with the opening of the bridge over the Mura river on the A4 and the completion of the Hungarian M7, which marked the opening of the first freeway corridor between Rijeka and Budapest.[142] The A1 starts at the Lučko interchange and concurs with the A6 up to the Bosiljevo 2 interchange, connecting Zagreb and Split (As of October 2008 Vrgorac). A further extension of the A1 up to Dubrovnik is under construction[needs update]. Both highways are tolled by the Croatian highway authorities Hrvatske autoceste and Autocesta Rijeka - Zagreb.[citation needed]

Highway A3 (formerly named Bratstvo i jedinstvo) was the showpiece of Croatia in the SFRY. It is the oldest Croatian highway.[143][144] A3 forms a part of the Pan-European Corridor X. The highway starts at the Bregana border crossing, bypasses Zagreb forming the southern arch of the Zagreb bypass, and ends at Lipovac near the Bajakovo border crossing. It continues in Southeast Europe in the direction of Near East. This highway is tolled except for the stretch between Bobovica and Ivanja Reka interchanges.[145]

Highway A2 is a part of the Corridor Xa.[146] It connects Zagreb and the frequently congested Macelj border crossing, forming a near-continuous motorway-level link between Zagreb and Western Europe.[147] Forming a part of the Corridor Vb, highway A4 starts in Zagreb forming the northeastern wing of the Zagreb bypass and leads to Hungary until the Goričan border crossing. It is often used highway around Zagreb.[148]

The railway and the highway A3 along the Sava river that extend to Slavonia (towards Slavonski Brod, Vinkovci, Osijek and Vukovar) are some of the busiest traffic corridors in the country.[149] The railway running along the Sutla river and the A2 highway (Zagreb-Macelj) running through Zagorje, as well as traffic connections with the Pannonian region and Hungary (the Zagorje railroad, the roads and railway to Varaždin – Čakovec and Koprivnica) are linked with truck routes.[150] The southern railway connection to Split operates on a high-speed tilting trains line via the Lika region (renovated in 2004 to allow for a five-hour journey); a faster line along the Una river valley is in use only up to the border between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina.[150][151]

Roads

 
Part of the Zagreb bypass, Lučko interchange is the Zagreb's gateway to the Adriatic coast

The city has an extensive avenue network with numerous main arteries up to ten lanes wide and Zagreb bypass, a congested four-lane highway encircling most of the city. Finding a parking space is supposed to be made somewhat easier by the construction of new underground multi-story parking lots (Importanne Center, Importanne Gallery, Lang Square, Tuškanac, Kvaternik Square, Klaić Street, etc.). The busiest roads are the main east–west arteries, former Highway "Brotherhood and Unity", consisting of Ljubljanska Avenue, Zagrebačka Avenue and Slavonska Avenue; and the Vukovarska Avenue, the closest bypass of the city center. The avenues were supposed to alleviate the traffic problem, but most of them are nowadays gridlocked during rush hour and others, like Branimirova Avenue and Dubrovnik Avenue which are gridlocked for the whole day.[152][153][154] European routes E59, E65 and E70 serve Zagreb.

Bridges

Zagreb has seven road traffic bridges across the river Sava, and they all span both the river and the levees, making them all by and large longer than 200 m (660 ft). In downstream order, these are:

Name (English) Name (Croatian) Year Finished Type of bridge Road that goes over Other Information
Podsused Bridge Podsusedski most 1982 Two-lane road bridge with a commuter train line (not yet completed) Samoborska Road Connects Zagreb to its close suburbs by a road to Samobor, the fastest route to Bestovje, Sveta Nedelja, and Strmec.
Jankomir Bridge Jankomirski most 1958, 2006 (upgrade) Four lane road bridge Ljubljanska Avenue Connects Ljubljanska Avenue to the Jankomir interchange and Zagreb bypass.
Adriatic Bridge Jadranski most 1981 Six lane road bridge (also carries tram tracks) Adriatic Avenue The most famous bridge in Zagreb. The bridge spans from Savska Street in the north to the Remetinec Roundabout in the south.
Sava Bridge Savski most 1938 Pedestrian since the construction of the Adriatic Bridge Savska Road The official name at the time of building was New Sava bridge, but it is the oldest still standing bridge over Sava. The bridge is known among experts due to some construction details.[155]
Liberty Bridge Most slobode 1959 Four lane road bridge Većeslav Holjevac Avenue It used to hold a pair of bus lanes, but due to the increasing individual traffic and better tram connections across the river, those were converted to normal lanes.
Youth Bridge Most mladosti 1974 Six lane road bridge (also carries tram tracks) Marin Držić Avenue Connects eastern Novi Zagreb to the districts of Trnje, Peščenica, Donja Dubrava and Maksimir.
Homeland Bridge Domovinski most 2007 Four-lane road bridge (also carries two bicycle and two pedestrian lanes; has space reserved for light railroad tracks) Radnička (Workers') Road This bridge is the last bridge built on the Sava river to date; it links Peščenica via Radnička street to the Zagreb bypass at Kosnica. It is planned to continue towards Zagreb Airport at Pleso and Velika Gorica, and on to state road D31 going to the south.

There are also two rail traffic bridges across the Sava, one near the Sava bridge and one near Mičevec, as well as two bridges that are part of the Zagreb bypass, one near Zaprešić (west), and the other near Ivanja Reka (east).

Two additional bridges across the river Sava are proposed: Jarun Bridge and Bundek Bridge.

Public transportation

Public transportation in the city is organized in several layers: the inner parts of the city are mostly covered by trams, the outer city areas, and closer suburbs are linked with buses and rapid transit commuter rail.

The public transportation company ZET (Zagrebački električni tramvaj, Zagreb Electric Tram) operates trams, all inner bus lines, and most of the suburban bus lines, and it is subsidized by the city council.

The national rail operator Croatian Railways (Hrvatske željeznice, HŽ) runs a network of urban and suburban train lines in the metropolitan Zagreb area and is a government-owned corporation.

The funicular (uspinjača) in the historic part of the city is a tourist attraction.

Taxi market has been liberalized in early 2018[156] and numerous transport companies have been allowed to enter the market; consequently, the prices significantly dropped whereas the service was immensely improved so the popularity of taxis in Zagreb has been increasing from then onwards.

Tram network

Main article: Trams in Zagreb

Zagreb has an extensive tram network with 15 day and 4 night lines covering much of the inner- and middle-suburbs of the city. The first tram line was opened on 5 September 1891 and trams have been serving as a vital component of Zagreb mass transit ever since. Trams usually travel at speeds of 30–50 kilometres per hour (19–31 miles per hour), but slow considerably during rush hour. The network operates at the curb whereas on larger avenues its tracks are situated inside the green belts.

An ambitious program, which entailed replacing old trams with the new and modern ones built mostly in Zagreb by companies Končar elektroindustrija and, to a lesser extent, by TŽV Gredelj, has recently been finished. The new "TMK 2200", trams by the end of 2012 made around 95% of the fleet.[157]

Suburban rail network

Main article: Zagreb Commuter Rail

The commuter rail network in Zagreb has existed since 1992. In 2005, suburban rail services were increased to a 15-minute frequency serving the middle and outer suburbs of Zagreb, primarily in the east–west direction and to the southern districts. This has enhanced the commuting opportunities across the city.[158]

A new link to the nearby town of Samobor has been announced and is due to start construction in 2014. This link will be standard-gauge and tie in with normal Croatian Railways operations. The previous narrow-gauge line to Samobor called Samoborček was closed in the 1970s.[159]

Air traffic

Main article: Zagreb International Airport

Zagreb Airport (IATA: ZAG, ICAO: LDZA) is the main Croatian international airport, a 17 km (11 mi) drive southeast of Zagreb in the city of Velika Gorica. The airport is also the main Croatian airbase featuring a fighter squadron, helicopters, as well as military and freight transport aircraft.[160] The airport had 3,45 million passengers in 2019 with a new passenger terminal being opened in late March 2017 that can accommodate up to 5,5 million passengers.

Zagreb also has a second, smaller airport, Lučko (ICAO: LDZL). It is home to sports aeroplanes and a Croatian special police unit, as well as being a military helicopter airbase. Lučko used to be the main airport of Zagreb from 1947 to 1959.[161]

A third, small grass airfield, Buševec, is located just outside Velika Gorica. It is primarily used for sports purposes.[162]

Education

Further information: List of high schools in Zagreb
 
National and University Library

Zagreb has 136 primary schools and 100 secondary schools including 30 gymnasia.[163][164] There are 5 public higher education institution and 9 private professional higher education schools.[165]

In Zagreb you will also find 4 International Schools:[166]

  • American International School of Zagreb (AISZ)
  • The Learning Tree International Kindergarten (TLT)
  • French School in Zagreb
  • The German School in Zagreb.[167]

University of Zagreb

Main article: University of Zagreb
Further information: List of universities in Croatia

Founded in 1669, the University of Zagreb is the oldest continuously operating university in Croatia and one of the largest[168][169][170][171][172][173] and oldest universities in the Southeastern Europe. Ever since its foundation, the university has been continually growing and developing and now consists of 29 faculties, three art academies and the Croatian Studies Centre. More than 200,000 students have attained the Bachelor's degree at the university, which has also assigned 18,000 Master's and 8,000 Doctor's degrees.[174] As of 2011, the University of Zagreb is ranked among 500 Best Universities of the world by the .

Zagreb is also the seat of two private universities: the Catholic University of Croatia and the Libertas International University; as well as numerous public and private polytechnics, colleges, and higher professional schools.[which?]

Notable people

Artists

Footballers

Military

Other sportspeople

Religion

  • Mihalj Šilobod Bolšić (1724–1787) - Roman Catholic priest, mathematician, writer, and musical theorist primarily known for writing the first Croatian arithmetic textbook Arithmatika Horvatzka (published in Zagreb, 1758)

Science and humanities

Writers

Notes

  1. ^ a b From the household census
  2. ^ Population census without clergy and nobility
  1. ^ Kajkavian pronunciation: [ˈzǎːɡrep][8]
  2. ^ The political status of Kosovo is disputed. Having unilaterally declared independence from Serbia in 2008, Kosovo is formally recognised as an independent state by 101 UN member states (with another 13 states recognising it at some point but then withdrawing their recognition) and 92 states not recognizing it, while Serbia continues to claim it as part of its own territory.

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  174. ^ "Zagreb in brief". City of Zagreb. Retrieved 11 November 2008.

Sources

  • Cresswell, Peterjon; Atkins, Ismay; Dunn, Lily (10 July 2006). Time Out Croatia (First ed.). London, Berkeley & Toronto: Time Out Group Ltd & Ebury Publishing, Random House Ltd. 20 Vauxhall Bridge Road, London SV1V 2SA. ISBN 978-1-904978-70-1.

External links

  • Zagreb – Official website 25 July 2016 at the Wayback Machine
  • Zagreb Tourist Board
  • Zagreb Fair
Preceded by
Rotterdam, Netherlands (1953)
 World Gymnaestrada host city
1957 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Kobe, Japan (1985)
 Universiade host city
1987 		Succeeded by

January 12, 2023
zagreb, this, article, about, croatian, capital, city, other, uses, disambiguation, ɑː, ɑː, greb, greb, croatian, zǎːɡreb, listen, capital, largest, city, croatia, northwest, country, along, sava, river, southern, slopes, medvednica, mountain, stands, near, in. This article is about the Croatian capital city For other uses see Zagreb disambiguation Zagreb ˈ z ɑː ɡ r ɛ b ˈ z ae ɡ r ɛ b z ɑː ˈ ɡ r ɛ b ZAH greb ZAG reb zah GREB 7 Croatian zǎːɡreb listen a 9 is the capital and largest city of Croatia 10 It is in the northwest of the country along the Sava river at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain Zagreb stands near the international border between Croatia and Slovenia at an elevation of approximately 122 m 400 ft above sea level 11 At the 2021 census the city had a population of 767 131 12 The population of the Zagreb urban agglomeration is 1 071 150 2 approximately a quarter of the total population of Croatia ZagrebCapital cityGrad Zagreb City of ZagrebClockwise from top Ban Jelacic Square St Mark s Square Cibona amp HOTO towers Art Pavilion Church Of Christ The King Mirogoj and Croatian National TheatreFlagCoat of armsZagrebLocation of Zagreb in CroatiaShow map of CroatiaZagrebZagreb Europe Show map of EuropeCoordinates 45 49 N 15 59 E 45 817 N 15 983 E 45 817 15 983 Coordinates 45 49 N 15 59 E 45 817 N 15 983 E 45 817 15 983Country CroatiaCountyCity of ZagrebRC diocese1094Free royal city1242Unified1850Subdivisions17 city districts218 local committees70 settlementsGovernment TypeMayor Council MayorTomislav Tomasevic Mozemo City Assembly47 members Green Left 23 HDZ 6 DP 5 BM365 5 SDP 5 Most 3 Area 1 City641 km2 247 sq mi Urban202 4 km2 78 1 sq mi Metro 2 2 911 km2 1 124 sq mi Elevation 3 158 m 518 ft Highest elevation1 035 m 3 396 ft Lowest elevation122 m 400 ft Population 2021 City767 131 Metro 2 1 107 150 Metro density380 km2 990 sq mi Demonym s Zagreber en Zagrepcanin hr male Zagrepcanka hr female Purger informal jargon Time zoneUTC 1 CET Summer DST UTC 2 CEST Postal codeHR 10 000 HR 10 010 HR 10 020 HR 10 040 HR 10 090Area code 385 1Vehicle registrationZGGDP nominal 4 2019 Total 19 178 billion 21 470 billion Per capita 24 779 27 740GDP PPP 5 2019 Total 42 825 billion Per capita 55 333HDI 2019 0 908 6 very highWebsitezagreb wbr hr in Croatian Zagreb is a city with a rich history dating from Roman times The oldest settlement in the vicinity of the city was the Roman Andautonia in today s Scitarjevo 13 The historical record of the name Zagreb dates from 1134 in reference to the foundation of the settlement at Kaptol in 1094 Zagreb became a free royal city in 1242 14 In 1851 Janko Kamauf became Zagreb s first mayor 15 Zagreb has special status as a Croatian administrative division it comprises a consolidated city county but separate from Zagreb County 16 and is administratively subdivided into 17 city districts 17 Most of the city districts lie at a low elevation along the valley of the river Sava but northern and northeastern city districts such as Podsljeme 18 and Sesvete 19 districts are situated in the foothills of the Medvednica mountain 20 making the city s geographical image quite diverse The city extends over 30 kilometres 19 miles east west and around 20 kilometres 12 miles north south 21 22 Zagreb ranks as a global city with a Beta rating from the Globalization and World Cities Research Network 23 The transport connections concentration of industry scientific and research institutions and industrial tradition underlie its leading economic position in Croatia 24 25 26 Zagreb is the seat of the central government administrative bodies and almost all government ministries 27 28 29 Almost all of the largest Croatian companies media and scientific institutions have their headquarters in the city Zagreb is the most important transport hub in Croatia here Central Europe the Mediterranean and Southeast Europe meet making the Zagreb area the centre of the road rail and air networks of Croatia It is a city known for its diverse economy high quality of living museums sporting and entertainment events Major branches of Zagreb s economy include high tech industries and the service sector Contents 1 Name 2 History 2 1 Early Zagreb 2 2 16th to 18th centuries 2 3 19th to mid 20th century 2 4 Contemporary era 2 5 Area and population development 3 Geography 3 1 Climate 3 2 Cityscape 3 3 Surroundings 4 Demographics 4 1 City districts 4 2 Settlements 5 Politics and government 5 1 City governance 5 2 International relations 5 2 1 Twin towns sister cities 5 2 2 Partner cities 6 Culture 6 1 Tourism 6 1 1 Souvenirs and gastronomy 6 2 Museums 6 3 Events 6 4 Performing arts 6 5 Recreation and sports 6 6 Religion 7 Economy 8 Transport 8 1 Highways 8 2 Roads 8 2 1 Bridges 8 3 Public transportation 8 3 1 Tram network 8 3 2 Suburban rail network 8 4 Air traffic 9 Education 9 1 University of Zagreb 10 Notable people 11 Notes 12 References 13 Sources 14 External linksName EditThe etymology of the name Zagreb is unclear It was used for the united city only from 1852 but it had been in use as the name of the Zagreb Diocese since the 12th century and was increasingly used for the city in the 17th century 30 The name is first recorded in a charter by archbishop of Esztergom Felician dated 1134 mentioned as Zagrabiensem episcopatum 31 The older form of the name is Zagrab The modern Croatian form Zagreb is first recorded in a 1689 map by Nicolas Sanson An even older form is reflected in Hungarian Zabrag recorded from c 1200 and in use until the 18th century For this Hungarian linguist Gyula Decsy proposes the etymology of Chabrag a well attested hypocorism of the name Cyprian The same form is reflected in a number of Hungarian toponyms such as Csepreg 32 The name might be derived from Proto Slavic word greb which means hill uplift However note Serbo Croatian brȇg lt Proto Slavic berg which also means smaller hill and za brȇg to or toward the hill for the seemingly metathesized variant in Hungarian Zabrag possibly modified from assumed Zabreg because of Hungarian vowel harmony An Old Croatian reconstructed name Zagreb is manifested through the German name of the city Agram 33 The name Agram was used in German in the Habsburg period this name has been classified as probably of Roman origin 34 but according to Decsy 1990 it could be an Austrian German reanalysis of Zugram 32 In Middle Latin and Modern Latin Zagreb is known as Agranum the name of an unrelated Arabian city in Strabo Zagrabia or Mons Graecensis also Mons Crecensis in reference to Gric Gradec In Croatian folk etymology the name of the city has been derived from either the verb za grab meaning to scoop or to dig One folk legend illustrating this derivation ties the name to a drought of the early 14th century during which Augustin Kazotic c 1260 1323 is said to have dug a well which miraculously produced water 35 In another legend 36 37 38 39 40 a city governor is thirsty and orders a girl named Manda to scoop water from the Mandusevac well nowadays a fountain in Ban Jelacic Square using the imperative Zagrabi Mando Scoop Manda 41 History EditMain article History of Zagreb For a chronological guide see Timeline of Zagreb Ruins of the ancient Roman town Andautonia near Zagreb Modern Zagreb s town core emerged from the Upper Town medieval settlements of Gradec and Kaptol Picture from 1689 The oldest settlement located near today s Zagreb was the Roman town of Andautonia now Scitarjevo which existed between the 1st and the 5th century AD 42 The first recorded appearance of the name Zagreb is dated to 1094 at which time the city existed as two different city centers the smaller eastern Kaptol inhabited mainly by clergy and housing Zagreb Cathedral and the larger western Gradec inhabited mainly by craftsmen and merchants Gradec and Kaptol were united in 1851 by ban Josip Jelacic who was credited for this by naming the main city square Ban Jelacic Square in his honor 43 During the period of former Yugoslavia Zagreb remained an important economic centre of the country and was the second largest city After Croatia declared independence from Yugoslavia Zagreb was proclaimed its capital 44 Early Zagreb Edit Sculpture symbolizing the Triune Kingdom of Croatia Slavonia and Dalmatia Zagreb The history of Zagreb dates as far back as 1094 A D when the Hungarian King Ladislaus returning from his campaign against Croatia founded a diocese Alongside the bishop s see the canonical settlement Kaptol developed north of Zagreb Cathedral as did the fortified settlement Gradec on the neighbouring hill the border between the two being the Medvescak stream 45 Today the latter is Zagreb s Upper Town Gornji Grad and is one of the best preserved urban nuclei in Croatia Both settlements came under Tatar attack in 1242 46 As a sign of gratitude for offering him a safe haven from the Tatars the Croatian and Hungarian King Bela IV bestowed Gradec with a Golden Bull which offered its citizens exemption from county rule and autonomy as well as its own judicial system 47 48 16th to 18th centuries Edit Ban Jelacic Square in Zagreb under the Hapsburgs before the 1880 Zagreb earthquake There were numerous connections between the Kaptol diocese and the free sovereign town of Gradec for both economic and political reasons but they weren t known as an integrated city even as Zagreb became the political center and representing both Croatia Slavonia and Dalmatia first convened at Gradec Zagreb became Croatian capital in 1557 with city also being chosen as the seat of the Ban of Croatia in 1621 under ban Nikola IX Frankopan 49 At the invitation of the Croatian Parliament the Jesuits came to Zagreb and built the first grammar school the St Catherine s Church and monastery In 1669 they founded an academy where philosophy theology and law were taught the forerunner of today s University of Zagreb During the 17th and 18th centuries Zagreb was badly devastated by fire and the plague In 1776 the royal council government moved from Varazdin to Zagreb and during the reign of Joseph II Zagreb became the headquarters of the Varazdin and Karlovac general command 50 19th to mid 20th century Edit Starcevic square first half of the 20th century In the 19th century Zagreb was the center of the Croatian National Revival and saw the erection of important cultural and historic institutions In 1850 the town was united under its first mayor Janko Kamauf 50 The first railway line to connect Zagreb with Zidani Most and Sisak was opened in 1862 and in 1863 Zagreb received a gasworks The Zagreb waterworks was opened in 1878 After the 1880 Zagreb earthquake up to the 1914 outbreak of World War I development flourished and the town received the characteristic layout which it has today The first horse drawn tram was used in 1891 The construction of the railway lines enabled the old suburbs to merge gradually into Donji Grad characterized by a regular block pattern that prevails in Central European cities This bustling core hosts many imposing buildings monuments and parks as well as a multitude of museums theatres and cinemas An electric power plant was built in 1907 Since 1 January 1877 the Gric cannon is fired daily from the Lotrscak Tower on Gric to mark midday The first half of the 20th century saw a considerable expansion of Zagreb Before World War I the city expanded and neighborhoods like Stara Pescenica in the east and Crnomerec in the west were created After the war working class districts such as Trnje emerged between the railway and the Sava whereas the construction of residential districts on the hills of the southern slopes of Medvednica was completed between the two World Wars In the 1920s the population of Zagreb increased by 70 percent the largest demographic boom in the history of the town In 1926 the first radio station in the region began broadcasting from Zagreb and in 1947 the Zagreb Fair was opened 50 During World War II Zagreb became the capital of the Independent State of Croatia which was backed by Nazi Germany and the Italians The history of Zagreb in World War II became rife with incidents of regime terror and resistance sabotage and the Ustasa regime had thousands of people executed during the war in and near the city The city was taken by the Partisans at the end of the war From 1945 until 1990 Zagreb was the capital of the Socialist Republic of Croatia one of the six constituent socialist republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Contemporary era Edit Sky Office Tower Eurotower seat of the Zagreb Stock ExchangeThe area between the railway and the Sava river witnessed a new construction boom after World War II After the mid 1950s construction of new residential areas south of the Sava river began resulting in Novi Zagreb Croatian for New Zagreb originally called Juzni Zagreb Southern Zagreb 51 Today Novi Zagreb is divided in two city districts Novi Zagreb zapad New Zagreb West and Novi Zagreb istok New Zagreb East The city also expanded westward and eastward incorporating Dubrava Podsused Jarun Blato and other settlements The cargo railway hub and the international airport Pleso were built south of the Sava river The largest industrial zone Zitnjak in the south eastern part of the city represents an extension of the industrial zones on the eastern outskirts of the city between the Sava and the Prigorje region Zagreb also hosted the Summer Universiade in 1987 50 This event initiated the creation of pedestrian only zones in the city centre and numerous new sport infrastructure lacking until then all around the city citation needed During the 1991 1995 Croatian War of Independence it was a scene of some sporadic fighting surrounding its JNA army barracks but escaped major damage In May 1995 it was targeted by Serb rocket artillery in two rocket attacks which killed seven civilians and wounded many Mamutica in Novi Zagreb is the largest building in Croatia An urbanized area connects Zagreb with the surrounding towns of Zapresic Samobor Dugo Selo and Velika Gorica Sesvete was the first and the closest area to become a part of the agglomeration and is already included in the City of Zagreb for administrative purposes and now forms the easternmost city district 52 In 2020 the city was hit by a 5 5 magnitude earthquake Various buildings in the historic downtown area were damaged The city s iconic cathedral lost the cross off of one of its towers This earthquake was the strongest one to affect the city since the destructive 1880 Zagreb earthquake Area and population development Edit Cells left aligned table centred Year Area km2 Population within city limits at that time Population within today s city limits 1368 2 810 nb 1 1742 3 33 5 600 nb 1 1805 3 33 7 706 nb 2 11 000 in total 1848 25 4 15 9781850 25 4 16 0361857 25 4 16 657 48 2661869 25 4 19 857 54 7611880 25 4 30 830 67 1881890 25 4 40 268 82 8481900 64 37 61 002 111 5651910 64 37 79 038 136 3511921 64 37 108 674 167 7651931 64 37 185 581 258 0241948 74 99 279 623 356 5291953 235 74 350 829 393 9191961 495 60 430 802 478 0761971 497 95 602 205 629 8961981 1 261 54 768 700 723 0651991 1 715 55 933 914 777 8262001 641 36 779 145 779 1452011 641 36 790 017 790 017The data in column 3 refers to the population in the city borders as of the census in question Column 4 is calculated for the territory now defined as the City of Zagreb Narodne Novine 97 10 53 Geography EditClimate Edit Panoramic view of Upper Town Gradec The climate of Zagreb is classified as an oceanic climate Koppen climate classification Cfb with significant continental influences very closely bordering on a humid continental climate Dfa Dfb as well as a humid subtropical climate Cfa Zagreb has four separate seasons Summers are generally warm sometimes hot In late May it gets significantly warmer temperatures start rising and it is often very warm or even hot with occasional afternoon and evening thunderstorms Heatwaves can occur but are short lived Temperatures rise above 30 C 86 F on average 14 6 days each summer Rainfall is abundant in summertime falling mainly during thunderstorms With 840 mm of precipitation per year Zagreb is Europe s ninth wettest capital receiving less precipitation than Luxembourg but more than Brussels Paris or London Compared to these cities however Zagreb has less rainy days but the annual rainfall is higher due to heavier showers occurring mainly in late spring and summer Autumn in its early stage often brings pleasant and sunny weather with occasional episodes of rain later in the season Late autumn is characterized by a mild increase in the number of rainy days and a gradual decline in temperature averages Morning fog is common from mid October to January with northern city districts at the foothills of the Medvednica mountain as well as south central districts along the Sava river being more prone to longer fog accumulation Winters are relatively cold bringing overcast skies and a precipitation decrease pattern February is the driest month averaging 39 mm of precipitation On average there are 29 days with snowfall with the first snow usually falling in early December However in recent years the number of days with snowfall in wintertime has decreased considerably Springs are generally mild and very pleasant with sporadic weather changes and are somewhat windier than other seasons As the season progresses sunny days become more frequent bringing higher temperatures Sometimes cold spells can occur mostly in springtime s early stages The average daily mean temperature in the winter is around 1 C 34 F from December to February and the average temperature in the summer is 22 0 C 71 6 F 54 Mount Medvednica seen from Jarun Lake The highest recorded temperature at the Maksimir weather station was 40 4 C 104 7 F in July 1950 and lowest was 27 3 C 17 1 F in February 1956 55 A temperature of 30 5 C 22 9 F was recorded on the since defunct Borongaj Airfield in February 1940 56 Climate data for Zagreb Maksimir 1971 2000 extremes 1949 2019 Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 19 4 66 9 22 6 72 7 26 0 78 8 30 5 86 9 33 7 92 7 37 6 99 7 40 4 104 7 39 8 103 6 34 0 93 2 28 3 82 9 25 4 77 7 22 5 72 5 40 4 104 7 Average high C F 3 7 38 7 6 8 44 2 11 9 53 4 16 3 61 3 21 5 70 7 24 5 76 1 26 7 80 1 26 3 79 3 22 1 71 8 15 8 60 4 8 9 48 0 4 6 40 3 15 8 60 4 Daily mean C F 0 3 32 5 2 3 36 1 6 4 43 5 10 7 51 3 15 8 60 4 18 8 65 8 20 6 69 1 20 1 68 2 15 9 60 6 10 5 50 9 5 0 41 0 1 4 34 5 10 7 51 3 Average low C F 3 0 26 6 1 8 28 8 1 6 34 9 5 2 41 4 9 8 49 6 13 0 55 4 14 7 58 5 14 4 57 9 10 8 51 4 6 2 43 2 1 4 34 5 1 7 28 9 5 9 42 6 Record low C F 24 3 11 7 27 3 17 1 18 3 0 9 4 4 24 1 1 8 28 8 2 5 36 5 5 4 41 7 3 7 38 7 0 6 30 9 5 6 21 9 13 5 7 7 19 8 3 6 27 5 17 5 Average precipitation mm inches 43 2 1 70 38 9 1 53 52 6 2 07 59 3 2 33 72 6 2 86 95 3 3 75 77 4 3 05 92 3 3 63 85 8 3 38 82 9 3 26 80 1 3 15 59 6 2 35 840 1 33 07 Average precipitation days 0 1 mm 9 8 9 4 11 0 13 0 13 5 13 7 11 2 10 4 10 4 10 9 11 3 11 0 135 6Average snowy days 1 0 cm 10 3 7 1 1 8 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 9 6 7 29 0Average relative humidity 82 5 76 4 70 3 67 5 68 3 69 7 69 1 72 1 77 7 81 3 83 6 84 8 75 3Mean monthly sunshine hours 55 8 98 9 142 6 168 0 229 4 234 0 275 9 257 3 189 0 124 0 63 0 49 6 1 887 5Percent possible sunshine 23 39 43 45 54 55 63 63 54 41 26 23 47Average ultraviolet index 1 2 3 5 7 8 8 7 5 3 1 1 4Source Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service 54 55 and Weather Atlas 57 Climate data for ZagrebMonth Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearMean daily daylight hours 9 0 10 0 12 0 14 0 15 0 16 0 15 0 14 0 13 0 11 0 9 0 9 0 12 3Source Weather Atlas 57 Cityscape Edit Panoramic view of Zagreb The most important historical high rise constructions are Neboder 1958 on Ban Jelacic Square Cibona Tower 1987 and Zagrepcanka 1976 on Savska Street Mamutica in Travno Novi Zagreb istok district built in 1974 and Zagreb TV Tower on Sljeme built in 1973 58 In the 2000s the City Assembly approved a new plan that allowed for the many recent high rise buildings in Zagreb such as the Almeria Tower Eurotower HOTO Tower Zagrebtower and one of the tallest skyscrapers Sky Office Tower 59 60 In Novi Zagreb the neighbourhoods of Blato and Laniste expanded significantly including the Zagreb Arena and the adjoining business centre 61 Due to a long standing restriction that forbade the construction of 10 story or higher buildings most of Zagreb s high rise buildings date from the 1970s and 1980s and new apartment buildings on the outskirts of the city are usually 4 8 floors tall Exceptions to the restriction have been made in recent years such as permitting the construction of high rise buildings in Laniste or Kajzerica 62 Panorama of the city at night Surroundings Edit Further information Zagreb County Prigorje Hrvatsko Zagorje and Turopolje The wider Zagreb area has been continuously inhabited since the prehistoric period as witnessed by archaeological findings in the Veternica cave from the Paleolithic and excavation of the remains of the Roman Andautonia near the present village of Scitarjevo Picturesque former villages on the slopes of Medvednica Sestine Gracani and Remete maintain their rich traditions including folk costumes Sestine umbrellas and gingerbread products To the north is the Medvednica Mountain Croatian Zagrebacka gora with its highest peak Sljeme 1 035 m where one of the tallest structures in Croatia Zagreb TV Tower is located The Sava and the Kupa valleys are to the south of Zagreb and the region of Hrvatsko Zagorje is located on the other northern side of the Medvednica hill In mid January 2005 Sljeme held its first World Ski Championship tournament Medvedgrad fortress From the summit weather permitting the vista reaches as far as Velebit Range along Croatia s rocky northern coast as well as the snow capped peaks of the towering Julian Alps in neighboring Slovenia There are several lodging villages offering accommodation and restaurants for hikers Skiers visit Sljeme which has four ski runs three ski lifts and a chairlift The old Medvedgrad a recently restored medieval burg was built in the 13th century on Medvednica hill It overlooks the western part of the city and also hosts the Shrine of the Homeland a memorial with an eternal flame where Croatia pays reverence to all its heroes fallen for homeland in its history customarily on national holidays The ruined medieval fortress Susedgrad is located on the far western side of Medvednica hill It has been abandoned since the early 17th century but it is visited during the year Zagreb occasionally experiences earthquakes due to the proximity of Zumberak Medvednica fault zone 63 It s classified as an area of high seismic activity 64 The area around Medvednica was the epicentre of the 1880 Zagreb earthquake magnitude 6 3 and the area is known for occasional landslide threatening houses in the area 65 The proximity of strong seismic sources presents a real danger of strong earthquakes 65 Croatian Chief of Office of Emergency Management Pavle Kalinic stated Zagreb experiences around 400 earthquakes a year most of them being imperceptible However in case of a strong earthquake it s expected that 3 000 people would die and up to 15 000 would be wounded 66 Demographics EditMain article Demographics of Zagreb Ban Jelacic Square with statue Zagreb is by far the largest city in Croatia in terms of area and population The 2021 census counted 767 131 residents 12 Zagreb metropolitan area population is slightly above 1 0 million inhabitants 67 as it includes the Zagreb County 68 Zagreb metropolitan area makes approximately a quarter of a total population of Croatia In 1997 the City of Zagreb itself was given special County status separating it from Zagreb County 69 although it remains the administrative centre of both The majority of its citizens are Croats making up 93 of the city s population 2011 census The same census records around 55 000 residents belonging to ethnic minorities 17 526 Serbs 2 22 8 119 Bosniaks 1 03 4 292 Albanians 0 54 2 755 Romani 0 35 2 132 Slovenes 0 27 1 194 Macedonians 0 15 1 191 Montenegrins 0 15 and a number of other smaller communities 70 City of Zagreb Population trends 1857 2021population4826654761671888284811156513635116776525802435652939391947807662989672306577782677914579001776713118571869188018901900191019211931194819531961197119811991200120112021Sources Croatian Bureau of Statistics publicationsv City districts Edit Main article Districts of Zagreb Districts of Zagreb Since 14 December 1999 City of Zagreb is divided into 17 city districts gradska cetvrt pl gradske cetvrti District Area km2 Population 2001 71 Population 2011 72 Populationdensity 2011 1 Donji Grad 3 01 45 108 37 024 12 3332 Gornji Grad Medvescak 10 12 36 384 30 962 3 0913 Trnje 7 37 45 267 42 282 5 7164 Maksimir 14 35 49 750 48 902 3 4465 Pescenica Zitnjak 35 30 58 283 56 487 1 5996 Novi Zagreb istok 16 54 65 301 59 055 3 5817 Novi Zagreb zapad 62 59 48 981 58 103 9278 Tresnjevka sjever 5 83 55 358 55 425 9 4939 Tresnjevka jug 9 84 67 162 66 674 6 76810 C Crnomerec 24 33 38 762 38 546 1 60511 Gornja Dubrava 40 28 61 388 61 841 1 54512 Donja Dubrava 10 82 35 944 36 363 3 37013 Stenjevec 12 18 41 257 51 390 4 25714 Podsused Vrapce 36 05 42 360 45 759 1 27015 Podsljeme 60 11 17 744 19 165 32016 Sesvete 165 26 59 212 70 009 42717 Brezovica 127 45 10 884 12 030 94TOTAL 641 43 779 145 790 017 1 236City districts are subdivided in 218 local committees as primary units of local self government 73 Settlements Edit The city itself is not the only standalone settlement in the City of Zagreb administrative area there are a number of larger urban settlements like Sesvete and Lucko and a number of smaller villages attached to it whose population is tracked separately 74 There are 70 settlements in the City of Zagreb administrative area Adamovec population 975 Belovar population 378 Blagusa population 594 Botinec population 9 Brebernica population 49 Brezovica population 594 Budenec population 323 Buzin population 1 055 Cerje population 398 Demerje population 721 Desprim population 377 Dobrodol population 1 203 Donji Cehi population 232 Donji Dragonozec population 577 Donji Trpuci population 428 Drencec population 131 Dreznik Brezovicki population 656 Dumovec population 903 Đurđekovec population 778 Gajec population 311 Glavnica Donja population 544 Glavnica Gornja population 226 Glavnicica population 229 Goli Breg population 406 Goranec population 449 Gornji Cehi population 363 Gornji Dragonozec population 295 Gornji Trpuci population 87 Grancari population 221 Havidic Selo population 53 Horvati population 1 490 Hrasce Turopoljsko population 1 202 Hrvatski Leskovac population 2 687 Hudi Bitek population 441 Ivanja Reka population 1 800 Jesenovec population 460 Jezdovec population 1 728 Kasina population 1 548 Kasinska Sopnica population 245 Kucilovina population 219 Kucanec population 228 Kupinecki Kraljevec population 1 957 Lipnica population 207 Lucko population 3 010 Luzan population 719 Mala Mlaka population 636 Markovo Polje population 425 Moravce population 663 Odra population 1 866 Odranski Obrez population 1 578 Paruzevina population 632 Planina Donja population 554 Planina Gornja population 247 Popovec population 937 Prekvrsje population 809 Prepustovec population 332 Sesvete population 54 085 Soblinec population 978 Starjak population 227 Strmec population 645 Sasinovec population 678 Simuncevec population 271 Veliko Polje population 1 668 Vuger Selo population 273 Vugrovec Donji population 442 Vugrovec Gornji population 357 Vurnovec population 201 Zadvorsko population 1 288 Zagreb population 688 163 Zerjavinec population 556Politics and government EditSee also Politics of Croatia Croatian Parliament Sabor on Saint Mark s Square George W Bush giving a speech on St Mark s Square in front of Banski Dvori the seat of the Croatian government 4 April 2008 Zagreb is the capital of the Republic of Croatia its political center and the center of various state institutions On the St Mark s Square are the seats of the Government of the Republic of Croatia in the Banski Dvori complex the Croatian Parliament Sabor as well as the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia Various ministries and state agencies are located in the wider area of the City of Zagreb City governance Edit See also List of mayors of Zagreb and Zagreb Assembly The current mayor of Zagreb is Tomislav Tomasevic We can elected in the 2021 Zagreb local elections the second round of which was held on 30 May 2021 There are two deputy mayors elected from the same list Danijela Dolenec and Luka Korlaet The Zagreb Assembly is composed of 51 representatives elected in the 2021 Zagreb local elections The political groups represented in the Assembly as of June 2021 75 Groups No of members per group2021Green Left 23 47HDZ 6 47DP 5 47BM365 5 47SDP 5 47Most 3 47Source 76 77 The Zagreb Assembly is composed of 51 representatives elected in the 2021 Zagreb local elections According to the Constitution the city of Zagreb as the capital of Croatia has a special status As such Zagreb performs self governing public affairs of both city and county It is also the seat of the Zagreb County which encircles Zagreb The Strossmayer Promenade commonly known as Stros Stross walkway built on top of the old city walls Maksimir Park opened in 1794 it is the oldest public park in Zagreb and region The city administration bodies are the Zagreb City Assembly Gradska skupstina Grada Zagreba as the representative body and the mayor of Zagreb Gradonacelnik Grada Zagreba who is the executive head of the city The City Assembly is the representative body of the citizens of the City of Zagreb elected for a four year term on the basis of universal suffrage in direct elections by secret ballot using proportional system with d Hondt method in a manner specified by law There are 51 representatives in the City Assembly among them the president and vice presidents of the assembly are elected by the representatives The oldest known coat of arms of the city of Zagreb is engraved on the northwestern part of the Church of St Mark Prior to 2009 the mayor was elected by the City Assembly It was changed to direct elections by majoritarian vote two round system in 2009 The mayor is the head of the city administration and has two deputies directly elected together with him her The term of office of the mayor and his her deputies is four years The mayor with the deputies may be recalled by a referendum according to the law not less than 20 of all electors in the City of Zagreb or not less than two thirds of the Zagreb Assembly city deputies have the right to initiate a city referendum regarding recalling of the mayor when a majority of voters taking part in the referendum vote in favor of the recall provided that majority includes not less than one third of all persons entitled to vote in the City of Zagreb i e 1 3 of persons in the City of Zagreb electoral register the mayor s mandate shall be deemed revoked and special mayoral by elections shall be held In the City of Zagreb the mayor is also responsible for the state administration due to the special status of Zagreb as a city with county rights there isn t a State Administration Office which in all counties performs tasks of the central government City administration offices institutions and services 18 city offices 1 public institute or bureau and 2 city services have been founded for performing activities within the self administrative sphere and activities entrusted by the state administration The city administrative bodies are managed by the principals appointed by the mayor for a four year term of office may be appointed again to the same duty The City Assembly Professional Service is managed by the secretary of the City Assembly appointed by the Assembly Local government is organised in 17 city districts represented by City District Councils Residents of districts elect members of councils 78 International relations Edit See also List of twin towns and sister cities in Croatia Twin towns sister cities Edit Zagreb is twinned with the following towns and cities 79 80 81 Bologna Italy since 1963 Mainz Germany since 1967 Saint Petersburg Russia since 1968 82 Tromso Norway since 1971 Buenos Aires Argentina since 1972 Kyoto Japan since 1972 83 Lisbon Portugal since 1977 84 85 Pittsburgh United States since 1980 Shanghai China since 1980 Budapest Hungary since 1994 86 La Paz Bolivia since 2000 Sarajevo Bosnia and Herzegovina since 2001 87 Ljubljana Slovenia since 2001 88 Podgorica Montenegro since 2006 Tabriz Iran since 2006 89 Ankara Turkey since 2008 90 London United Kingdom since 2009 Skopje North Macedonia since 2011 Warsaw Poland since 2011 91 Pristina Kosovo b since 2012 Astana Kazakhstan since 2014 92 Rome Italy since 2014 81 Vienna Austria since 2014 81 Petrinja Croatia since 2015 93 Vukovar Croatia since 2016 94 Xiangyang China since 2017 95 Partner cities Edit The city has partnership arrangements with Krakow in Poland since 1975 96 Tirana Albania 97 98 Pecs Hungary 99 Culture EditTourism Edit This section needs to be updated Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information December 2020 Aerial view of Gornji Grad Gradec Zagreb Funicular View of the St Mark s Church with the famous colourful roof representing the Coat of Arms of Croatia and Zagreb Zagreb is an important tourist center not only in terms of passengers traveling from the rest of Europe to the Adriatic Sea but also as a travel destination itself Since the end of the war it has attracted close to a million visitors annually mainly from Austria Germany and Italy and in recent years many tourists from far east South Korea Japan China and last two years from India It has become an important tourist destination not only in Croatia but considering the whole region of southeastern Europe There are many interesting sights and happenings for tourists to attend in Zagreb for example the two statues of Saint George one at the Republic of Croatia Square the other at the Stone Gate where the image of Virgin Mary is said to be the only thing that hasn t burned in the 17th century fire Also there is an art installation starting in the Bogoviceva Street called Nine Views Zagreb is also famous for its award winning Christmas market that had been named the one in Europe for three years in a row 2015 2016 2017 by European Best Destinations 100 101 The capital is also known for its top Restaurants in Zagreb 102 that offer more than traditional Croatian food and classic dishes The historical part of the city to the north of Ban Jelacic Square is composed of the Gornji Grad and Kaptol a medieval urban complex of churches palaces museums galleries and government buildings that are popular with tourists on sightseeing tours The historic district can be reached on foot starting from the Ban Jelacic Square the center of Zagreb or by a funicular on nearby Tomiceva Street Each Saturday from April until the end of September on St Mark s Square in the Upper town tourists can meet members of the Order of The Silver Dragon Red Srebrnog Zmaja who reenact famous historical conflicts between Gradec and Kaptol It s a great opportunity for all visitors to take photographs of authentic and fully functional historical replicas of medieval armor In 2010 more than 600 000 103 tourists visited the city with a 10 104 increase seen in 2011 In 2012 a total of 675 707 tourists 105 visited the city A record number of tourists visited Zagreb in 2017 1 286 087 up 16 compared to the year before which generated 2 263 758 overnight stays up 14 8 Souvenirs and gastronomy Edit Ilica the famous shopping street of the city Licitar hearts a popular souvenir Tkalciceva Street commonly known as Tkalca Tkalcha with many cafes bars and restaurants of local and foreign cuisine Numerous shops boutiques store houses and shopping centers offer a variety of quality clothing There are about fourteen big shopping centers in Zagreb Zagreb s offerings include crystal china and ceramics wicker or straw baskets and top quality Croatian wines and gastronomic products Notable Zagreb souvenirs are the tie or cravat an accessory named after Croats who wore characteristic scarves around their necks in the Thirty Years War in the 17th century and the ball point pen a tool developed from the inventions by Slavoljub Eduard Penkala an inventor and a citizen of Zagreb Many Zagreb restaurants offer various specialties of national and international cuisine Domestic products which deserve to be tasted include turkey duck or goose with mlinci a kind of pasta strukli cottage cheese strudel sir i vrhnje cottage cheese with cream kremsnite custard slices in flaky pastry and orehnjaca traditional walnut roll Museums Edit Zagreb s museums reflect the history art and culture not only of Zagreb and Croatia but also of Europe and the world Around thirty collections in museums and galleries comprise more than 3 6 million various exhibits excluding church and private collections The Archaeological Museum collections today consisting of nearly 450 000 varied archaeological artefacts and monuments have been gathered over the years from many different sources These holdings include evidence of Croatian presence in the area 106 The most famous are the Egyptian collection the Zagreb mummy and bandages with the oldest Etruscan inscription in the world Liber Linteus Zagrabiensis as well as the numismatic collection Modern Gallery Croatian Moderna galerija holds the most important and comprehensive collection of paintings sculptures and drawings by 19th and 20th century Croatian artists The collection numbers more than 10 000 works of art housed since 1934 in the historic Vranyczany Palace in the center of Zagreb overlooking the Zrinjevac Park A secondary gallery is the Josip Racic Studio 107 Croatian Natural History Museum holds one of the world s most important collection of Neanderthal remains found at one site 108 These are the remains stone weapons and tools of prehistoric Krapina man The holdings of the Croatian Natural History Museum comprise more than 250 000 specimens distributed among various collections Technical Museum was founded in 1954 and it maintains the oldest preserved machine in the area dating from 1830 which is still operational The museum exhibits numerous historic aircraft cars machinery and equipment There are some distinct sections in the museum the Planetarium the Apisarium the Mine model of mines for coal iron and non ferrous metals about 300 m 980 ft long and the Nikola Tesla study 109 110 Museum of the City of Zagreb was established in 1907 by the Association of the Braca Hrvatskog Zmaja It is located in a restored monumental complex Popov toranj the Observatory Zakmardi Granary of the former Convent of the Poor Clares of 1650 111 The Museum deals with topics from the cultural artistic economic and political history of the city spanning from Roman finds to the modern period The holdings comprise over 80 000 items arranged systematically into collections of artistic and mundane objects characteristic of the city and its history Arts and Crafts Museum was founded in 1880 with the intention of preserving the works of art and craft against the new predominance of industrial products With its 160 000 exhibits the Arts and Crafts Museum is a national level museum for artistic production and the history of material culture in Croatia 112 Ethnographic Museum was founded in 1919 It lies in the fine Secession building of the one time Trades Hall of 1903 The ample holdings of about 80 000 items cover the ethnographic heritage of Croatia classified in the three cultural zones the Pannonian Dinaric and Adriatic 113 Mimara Museum Mestrovic Pavilion Museum of Contemporary Art Mimara Museum was founded with a donation from Ante Mimara Topic and opened to the public in 1987 It is located in a late 19th century neo Renaissance palace 114 The holdings comprise 3 750 works of art of various techniques and materials and different cultures and civilizations Croatian Museum of Naive Art is one of the first museums of naive art in the world The museum holds works of Croatian naive expression of the 20th century It is located in the 18th century Raffay Palace in the Gornji Grad The museum holdings consist of almost 2000 works of art paintings sculptures drawings and prints mainly by Croatians but also by other well known world artists 115 From time to time the museum organizes topics and retrospective exhibitions by naive artists expert meetings and educational workshops and playrooms The Museum of Contemporary Art was founded in 1954 Its new building hosts a rich collection of Croatian and international contemporary visual art which has been collected throughout the decades from the nineteen fifties until today The museum is located in the center of Novi Zagreb opened in 2009 The old location is now part of the Kulmer Palace in the Gornji Grad 116 Other museums and galleries are also found in the Croatian School Museum the Croatian Hunting Museum the Croatian Sports Museum the Croatian Post and Telecommunications Museum the HAZU Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts Glyptotheque collection of monuments and the HAZU Graphics Cabinet The Strossmayer Gallery of Old Masters offers permanent holdings presenting European paintings from the 14th to 19th centuries 117 and the Ivan Mestrovic Studio with sculptures drawings lithography portfolios and other items was a donation of this great artist to his homeland The Museum and Gallery Center introduces on various occasions the Croatian and foreign cultural and artistic heritage The Art Pavilion by Viennese architects Hellmer and Fellmer who were the most famous designers of theatres in Central Europe is a neo classical exhibition complex and one of the landmarks of the downtown The exhibitions are also held in the impressive Mestrovic building on the Square of the Victims of Fascism the Home of Croatian Fine Artists The World Center Wonder of Croatian Naive Art exhibits masterpieces of Croatian naive art as well as the works of a new generation of artists The Modern Gallery comprises all relevant fine artists of the 19th and 20th centuries The Museum of Broken Relationships at 2 Cirilometodska holds people s mementos of past relationships 118 119 120 It is the first private museum in the country 121 Lauba House 23a Baruna Filipovica presents works from Filip Trade Collection a large private collection of modern and contemporary Croatian art and current artistic production 122 123 Events Edit Zagreb has been and is hosting some of the most popular mainstream artists in the past few years their concerts held the Rolling Stones U2 Eric Clapton Deep Purple Bob Dylan David Bowie Roger Waters Depeche Mode Prodigy Beyonce Nick Cave Jamiroquai Manu Chao Massive Attack Metallica Snoop Dogg Lady Gaga Duran Duran as well as some of world most recognised underground artists such as Dimmu Borgir Sepultura Melvins Mastodon and many more Zagreb is also the home of the INmusic festival one of the biggest open air festivals in Croatia which is held every year usually at the end of June There is also the Zagreb Jazz Festival which has featured popular jazz artists like Pat Metheny or Sonny Rollins Many others festivals occur in Zagreb like Zedno uho featuring indie rock metal and electronica artists such as Animal Collective Melvins Butthole Surfers Crippled Black Phoenix NoMeansNo The National Mark Lanegan Swans Mudhoney around the clubs and concert halls of Zagreb Croatian National Theatre Vatroslav Lisinski Concert Hall Performing arts Edit There are about 20 permanent or seasonal theatres and stages The Croatian National Theater in Zagreb was built in 1895 and opened by emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria The most renowned concert hall named Vatroslav Lisinski after the composer of the first Croatian opera was built in 1973 The World Theatre Festival and International Puppet Festival both take place in Zagreb in September and October 124 Animafest the World Festival of Animated Films takes place every even numbered year and the Music Biennale the international festival of avant garde music every odd numbered year It also hosts the annual ZagrebDox documentary film festival The Festival of the Zagreb Philharmonic and the flowers exhibition Floraart end of May or beginning of June the Old timer Rally annual events In the summer theatre performances and concerts mostly in the Upper Town are organized either indoors or outdoors The stage on Opatovina hosts the Zagreb Histrionic Summer theatre events Zagreb is also the host of Zagrebfest the oldest Croatian pop music festival as well as of several traditional international sports events and tournaments The Day of the City of Zagreb on 16 November is celebrated every year with special festivities especially on the Jarun lake in the southwestern part of the city Recreation and sports Edit Snow Queen Trophy is a World Cup alpine ski race in Zagreb Arena Zagreb Jarun Lake Zagreb is home to numerous sports and recreational centers Recreational Sports Center Jarun situated on Jarun Lake in the southwest of the city has fine shingle beaches a world class regatta course a jogging lane around the lake several restaurants many night clubs and a discotheque Its sports and recreation opportunities include swimming sunbathing waterskiing angling and other water sports but also beach volleyball football basketball handball table tennis and mini golf Dom Sportova a sport centre in northern Tresnjevka features six halls The largest two have seating capacity of 5 000 and 3 100 people respectively 125 This centre is used for basketball handball volleyball hockey gymnastics tennis etc It also hosts music events Arena Zagreb was finished in 2008 The 16 500 seat arena 126 hosted the 2009 World Men s Handball Championship The Drazen Petrovic Basketball Hall seats 5 400 people Alongside the hall is the 94 metre 308 ft high glass Cibona Tower Sports Park Mladost situated on the embankment of the Sava river has an Olympic size swimming pool smaller indoor and outdoor swimming pools a sunbathing terrace 16 tennis courts as well as basketball volleyball handball football and field hockey courts A volleyball sports hall is within the park Sports and Recreational Center Salata located in Salata only a couple hundred meters from the Jelacic Square is most attractive for tennis players It comprises a big tennis court and eight smaller ones two of which are covered by the so called balloon and another two equipped with lights The center also has swimming pools basketball courts football fields a gym and fitness center and a four lane bowling alley Outdoor ice skating is a popular winter recreation There are also several fine restaurants within and near the center Maksimir Tennis Center located in Ravnice east of downtown consists of two sports blocks The first comprises a tennis center situated in a large tennis hall with four courts There are 22 outdoor tennis courts with lights The other block offers multipurpose sports facilities apart from tennis courts there are handball basketball and indoor football grounds as well as track and field facilities a bocci ball alley and table tennis opportunities Recreational swimmers can enjoy a smaller size indoor swimming pool in Daniciceva Street and a newly opened indoor Olympic size pool at Utrine sports center in Novi Zagreb Skaters can skate in the skating rink on Trg Sportova Sports Square and on the lake Jarun Skaters park Hippodrome Zagreb offers recreational horseback riding opportunities while horse races are held every weekend during the warmer part of the year The 38 923 127 seat Maksimir Stadium last 10 years under renovation is located in Maksimir in the northeastern part of the city The stadium is part of the immense Svetice recreational and sports complex SRC Svetice south of the Maksimir Park The complex covers an area of 276 440 m2 68 acres It is part of a significant green zone which passes from Medvednica in the north toward the south SRC Svetice together with Maksimir Park creates an ideal connection of areas which are assigned to sport recreation and leisure The latest larger recreational facility is Bundek a group of two small lakes near the Sava in Novi Zagreb surrounded by a partly forested park The location had been used prior to the 1970s but then went to neglect until 2006 when it was renovated In year 2021 Zagreb was the host city of Croatia Rally round three of 2021 World Rally Championship The Rally was won by Sebastien Ogier and Julien Ingrassia Toyota Gazoo Racing WRT crew Service parc Overnight parc ferme and Shakedown Medvedgrad took place in Zagreb placing him as a lone capital in the championship 2021 Croatia Rally became third tightest WRC event up to date with only 0 6 seconds dividing the winning crew and second placed Elfyn Evans and Scott Martin co driver in Toyota Yaris WRC The Croatian round of WRC was praised by becoming the part of 2022 World Rally Championship Some of the most notable sport clubs in Zagreb are GNK Dinamo Zagreb KHL Medvescak Zagreb RK Zagreb KK Cibona KK Zagreb KK Cedevita NK Zagreb HAVK Mladost and others The city hosted the 2016 Davis Cup World Group final between Croatia and Argentina Religion Edit Clockwise from top left Zagreb Cathedral Church of Christ the King in Mirogoj with grave of Franjo Tuđman the first Croatian president in the front of church Zagreb Mosque and Serbian Orthodox Church Cathedral with statue of Petar Preradovic Croatian national poet writer and military general The Archdiocese of Zagreb is a metropolitan see of the Catholic Church in Croatia serving as its religious center The Archbishop is Josip Cardinal Bozanic The Catholic Church is the largest religious organisation in Zagreb Catholicism being the predominant religion of Croatia with over 1 1 million adherents 128 Zagreb is also the Episcopal see of the Metropolitanate of Zagreb and Ljubljana of the Serbian Orthodox Church Islamic religious organization of Croatia has the see in Zagreb President is Mufti Aziz Hasanovic There used to be a mosque in the Mestrovic Pavilion during World War II 129 at the Square of the Victims of Fascism but it was relocated to the neighborhood of Borovje in Pescenica Mainstream Protestant churches have also been present in Zagreb Evangelical Lutheran Church and Reformed Christian Calvinist Church The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints LDS Church is also present in the Zagreb neighborhood of Jarun whereas Jehovah s Witnesses have their headquarters in Central Zagreb 130 In total there are around 40 non Catholic religious organizations and denominations in Zagreb with their headquarters and places of worship across the city making it a large and diverse multicultural community There is also significant Jewish history through the Holocaust Economy EditThis section needs to be updated Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information December 2020 Important branches of industry are production of electrical machines and devices chemical pharmaceutical textile food and drink processing Zagreb is an international trade and business centre as well as an essential transport hub placed at the crossroads of Central Europe the Mediterranean and the Southeast Europe 131 Almost all of the largest Croatian as well as Central European companies and conglomerates such as Agrokor INA Hrvatski Telekom have their headquarters in the city Croatian National Bank The only Croatian stock exchange is the Zagreb Stock Exchange Croatian Zagrebacka burza which is located in Eurotower one of the tallest Croatian skyscrapers According to 2008 data the city of Zagreb has the highest PPP and nominal gross domestic product per capita in Croatia at 32 185 and 27 271 respectively compared to the Croatian averages of US 18 686 and 15 758 132 As of May 2015 the average monthly net salary in Zagreb was 6 669 kuna about 870 Croatian average is 5 679 kuna about 740 133 134 At the end of 2012 the average unemployment rate in Zagreb was around 9 5 135 34 of companies in Croatia have headquarters in Zagreb and 38 4 of the Croatian workforce works in Zagreb including almost all banks utility and public transport companies 136 137 138 Companies in Zagreb create 52 of total turnover and 60 of total profit of Croatia in 2006 as well as 35 of Croatian export and 57 of Croatian import 139 140 The following table includes some of the main economic indicators for the period 2011 2019 based on the data by the Croatian Bureau of Statistics 4 A linear interpolation was used for the population data between 2011 and 2021 While data on the yearly averaged conversion rates between HRK EUR and USD is provided by the Croatian National Bank 141 data regarding the PPP are based on OECD estimates 5 Year Population PPP National currency units US dollar Exchange rate to 1 EUR Exchange rate to US 1 GDP nominal in mil HRK GDP nominal in mil EUR GDP nominal in mil USD GDP PPP in mil USD GDP per capita nominal in HRK GDP per capita nominal in EUR GDP per capita nominal in USD GDP per capita PPP in USD 2011 790 017 3 753 7 4342 5 3435 115 328 15 513 21 583 30 730 145 982 19 636 27 319 38 8972012 788 010 3 664 7 5173 5 8509 114 172 15 188 19 514 31 160 144 887 19 274 24 763 39 5432013 786 002 3 575 7 5735 5 7059 113 046 14 926 19 812 31 621 143 824 18 990 25 206 40 2302014 783 995 3 543 7 6300 5 7493 113 749 14 908 19 785 32 105 145 089 19 016 25 236 40 9512015 781 988 3 512 7 6096 6 8623 116 962 15 370 17 044 33 304 149 570 19 655 21 796 42 5882016 779 981 3 382 7 5294 6 8037 120 535 16 009 17 716 35 640 154 536 20 524 22 713 45 6942017 777 973 3 325 7 4601 6 6224 126 607 16 971 19 118 38 077 162 740 21 815 24 574 48 9442018 775 966 3 311 7 4141 6 2784 133 796 18 046 21 311 40 410 172 425 23 256 27 463 52 0762019 773 959 3 32 7 4136 6 6223 142 180 19 178 21 470 42 825 183 705 24 779 27 740 55 3332020 771 9512021 767 131Transport EditMain article Transport in Zagreb Highways Edit Further information Highways in Croatia Zagreb is the hub of five major Croatian highways The highway A6 was upgraded in October 2008 and leads from Zagreb to Rijeka and forming a part of the Pan European Corridor Vb The upgrade coincided with the opening of the bridge over the Mura river on the A4 and the completion of the Hungarian M7 which marked the opening of the first freeway corridor between Rijeka and Budapest 142 The A1 starts at the Lucko interchange and concurs with the A6 up to the Bosiljevo 2 interchange connecting Zagreb and Split As of October 2008 update Vrgorac A further extension of the A1 up to Dubrovnik is under construction needs update Both highways are tolled by the Croatian highway authorities Hrvatske autoceste and Autocesta Rijeka Zagreb citation needed Homeland Bridge Highway A3 formerly named Bratstvo i jedinstvo was the showpiece of Croatia in the SFRY It is the oldest Croatian highway 143 144 A3 forms a part of the Pan European Corridor X The highway starts at the Bregana border crossing bypasses Zagreb forming the southern arch of the Zagreb bypass and ends at Lipovac near the Bajakovo border crossing It continues in Southeast Europe in the direction of Near East This highway is tolled except for the stretch between Bobovica and Ivanja Reka interchanges 145 Highway A2 is a part of the Corridor Xa 146 It connects Zagreb and the frequently congested Macelj border crossing forming a near continuous motorway level link between Zagreb and Western Europe 147 Forming a part of the Corridor Vb highway A4 starts in Zagreb forming the northeastern wing of the Zagreb bypass and leads to Hungary until the Gorican border crossing It is often used highway around Zagreb 148 The railway and the highway A3 along the Sava river that extend to Slavonia towards Slavonski Brod Vinkovci Osijek and Vukovar are some of the busiest traffic corridors in the country 149 The railway running along the Sutla river and the A2 highway Zagreb Macelj running through Zagorje as well as traffic connections with the Pannonian region and Hungary the Zagorje railroad the roads and railway to Varazdin Cakovec and Koprivnica are linked with truck routes 150 The southern railway connection to Split operates on a high speed tilting trains line via the Lika region renovated in 2004 to allow for a five hour journey a faster line along the Una river valley is in use only up to the border between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina 150 151 Roads Edit Part of the Zagreb bypass Lucko interchange is the Zagreb s gateway to the Adriatic coast The city has an extensive avenue network with numerous main arteries up to ten lanes wide and Zagreb bypass a congested four lane highway encircling most of the city Finding a parking space is supposed to be made somewhat easier by the construction of new underground multi story parking lots Importanne Center Importanne Gallery Lang Square Tuskanac Kvaternik Square Klaic Street etc The busiest roads are the main east west arteries former Highway Brotherhood and Unity consisting of Ljubljanska Avenue Zagrebacka Avenue and Slavonska Avenue and the Vukovarska Avenue the closest bypass of the city center The avenues were supposed to alleviate the traffic problem but most of them are nowadays gridlocked during rush hour and others like Branimirova Avenue and Dubrovnik Avenue which are gridlocked for the whole day 152 153 154 European routes E59 E65 and E70 serve Zagreb Bridges Edit Zagreb has seven road traffic bridges across the river Sava and they all span both the river and the levees making them all by and large longer than 200 m 660 ft In downstream order these are Name English Name Croatian Year Finished Type of bridge Road that goes over Other InformationPodsused Bridge Podsusedski most 1982 Two lane road bridge with a commuter train line not yet completed Samoborska Road Connects Zagreb to its close suburbs by a road to Samobor the fastest route to Bestovje Sveta Nedelja and Strmec Jankomir Bridge Jankomirski most 1958 2006 upgrade Four lane road bridge Ljubljanska Avenue Connects Ljubljanska Avenue to the Jankomir interchange and Zagreb bypass Adriatic Bridge Jadranski most 1981 Six lane road bridge also carries tram tracks Adriatic Avenue The most famous bridge in Zagreb The bridge spans from Savska Street in the north to the Remetinec Roundabout in the south Sava Bridge Savski most 1938 Pedestrian since the construction of the Adriatic Bridge Savska Road The official name at the time of building was New Sava bridge but it is the oldest still standing bridge over Sava The bridge is known among experts due to some construction details 155 Liberty Bridge Most slobode 1959 Four lane road bridge Veceslav Holjevac Avenue It used to hold a pair of bus lanes but due to the increasing individual traffic and better tram connections across the river those were converted to normal lanes Youth Bridge Most mladosti 1974 Six lane road bridge also carries tram tracks Marin Drzic Avenue Connects eastern Novi Zagreb to the districts of Trnje Pescenica Donja Dubrava and Maksimir Homeland Bridge Domovinski most 2007 Four lane road bridge also carries two bicycle and two pedestrian lanes has space reserved for light railroad tracks Radnicka Workers Road This bridge is the last bridge built on the Sava river to date it links Pescenica via Radnicka street to the Zagreb bypass at Kosnica It is planned to continue towards Zagreb Airport at Pleso and Velika Gorica and on to state road D31 going to the south There are also two rail traffic bridges across the Sava one near the Sava bridge and one near Micevec as well as two bridges that are part of the Zagreb bypass one near Zapresic west and the other near Ivanja Reka east Two additional bridges across the river Sava are proposed Jarun Bridge and Bundek Bridge Public transportation Edit Main Railway Station Public transportation in the city is organized in several layers the inner parts of the city are mostly covered by trams the outer city areas and closer suburbs are linked with buses and rapid transit commuter rail The public transportation company ZET Zagrebacki elektricni tramvaj Zagreb Electric Tram operates trams all inner bus lines and most of the suburban bus lines and it is subsidized by the city council The national rail operator Croatian Railways Hrvatske zeljeznice HZ runs a network of urban and suburban train lines in the metropolitan Zagreb area and is a government owned corporation The funicular uspinjaca in the historic part of the city is a tourist attraction Taxi market has been liberalized in early 2018 156 and numerous transport companies have been allowed to enter the market consequently the prices significantly dropped whereas the service was immensely improved so the popularity of taxis in Zagreb has been increasing from then onwards Tram network Edit Main article Trams in Zagreb Trams in Zagreb Zagreb has an extensive tram network with 15 day and 4 night lines covering much of the inner and middle suburbs of the city The first tram line was opened on 5 September 1891 and trams have been serving as a vital component of Zagreb mass transit ever since Trams usually travel at speeds of 30 50 kilometres per hour 19 31 miles per hour but slow considerably during rush hour The network operates at the curb whereas on larger avenues its tracks are situated inside the green belts An ambitious program which entailed replacing old trams with the new and modern ones built mostly in Zagreb by companies Koncar elektroindustrija and to a lesser extent by TZV Gredelj has recently been finished The new TMK 2200 trams by the end of 2012 made around 95 of the fleet 157 Suburban rail network Edit Main article Zagreb Commuter Rail Zagreb Commuter Rail HZ series 6112 2021 The commuter rail network in Zagreb has existed since 1992 In 2005 suburban rail services were increased to a 15 minute frequency serving the middle and outer suburbs of Zagreb primarily in the east west direction and to the southern districts This has enhanced the commuting opportunities across the city 158 A new link to the nearby town of Samobor has been announced and is due to start construction in 2014 This link will be standard gauge and tie in with normal Croatian Railways operations The previous narrow gauge line to Samobor called Samoborcek was closed in the 1970s 159 Air traffic Edit Main article Zagreb International Airport Zagreb Airport IATA ZAG ICAO LDZA is the main Croatian international airport a 17 km 11 mi drive southeast of Zagreb in the city of Velika Gorica The airport is also the main Croatian airbase featuring a fighter squadron helicopters as well as military and freight transport aircraft 160 The airport had 3 45 million passengers in 2019 with a new passenger terminal being opened in late March 2017 that can accommodate up to 5 5 million passengers Zagreb also has a second smaller airport Lucko ICAO LDZL It is home to sports aeroplanes and a Croatian special police unit as well as being a military helicopter airbase Lucko used to be the main airport of Zagreb from 1947 to 1959 161 A third small grass airfield Busevec is located just outside Velika Gorica It is primarily used for sports purposes 162 Education EditFurther information List of high schools in Zagreb National and University Library Zagreb has 136 primary schools and 100 secondary schools including 30 gymnasia 163 164 There are 5 public higher education institution and 9 private professional higher education schools 165 In Zagreb you will also find 4 International Schools 166 American International School of Zagreb AISZ The Learning Tree International Kindergarten TLT French School in Zagreb The German School in Zagreb 167 This section needs to be updated Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information December 2020 University of Zagreb Edit Main article University of Zagreb Further information List of universities in Croatia Founded in 1669 the University of Zagreb is the oldest continuously operating university in Croatia and one of the largest 168 169 170 171 172 173 and oldest universities in the Southeastern Europe Ever since its foundation the university has been continually growing and developing and now consists of 29 faculties three art academies and the Croatian Studies Centre More than 200 000 students have attained the Bachelor s degree at the university which has also assigned 18 000 Master s and 8 000 Doctor s degrees 174 As of 2011 update the University of Zagreb is ranked among 500 Best Universities of the world by the Shanghai Academic Ranking of World Universities Zagreb is also the seat of two private universities the Catholic University of Croatia and the Libertas International University as well as numerous public and private polytechnics colleges and higher professional schools which Notable people EditArtists Sanja Ivekovic born 1949 photographer performer sculptor and installation artist Jagoda Kaloper 1947 2016 painter and actress Igor Kordej born 1957 comic book artist Darko Macan born 1966 writer and illustrator Velimir Neidhardt born 1942 architect Vera Nikolic Podrinska 1886 1972 painter and baroness Srecko Puntaric born 1952 cartoonist Josip Racic 1885 1908 painter Esad Ribic born 1972 comic book artist Goran Sudzuka born 1969 comic book artist Marino Tartaglia 1894 1984 painter Vladimir Varlaj 1895 1962 artist Zdravko Zupan 1950 2015 comic book creator and historianFootballers Milan Badelj born 1989 football player Josip Brekalo born 1998 football player Marcelo Brozovic born 1992 football player Tomislav Butina born 1974 football player Josko Gvardiol born 2002 football player Tin Jedvaj born 1995 football player Josip Juranovic born 1995 football player Andrej Kramaric born 1991 football player Niko Kranjcar born 1984 football player Jerko Leko born 1980 football player Lovro Majer born 1998 football player Jasmin Mujdza born 1974 football player Mensur Mujdza born 1984 football player Mislav Orsic born 1992 football player Dubravko Pavlicic 1967 2012 football player Josip Pivaric born 1989 football player Marko Pjaca born 1995 football player Dario Simic born 1975 football player Zvonimir Soldo born 1967 football playerMilitary Haim Bar Lev 1924 1994 Israeli general and politicianOther sportspeople Borna Coric born 1996 Kresimir Cosic 1948 1995 basketball player Danko Cvjeticanin born 1963 basketball player Josip Glasnovic born 1983 sports shooter Olympic gold medal winner Zlatko Horvat born 1984 handball player Filip Hrgovic born 1992 professional boxer Ivo Karlovic born 1979 tennis player Nenad Kljaic born 1966 handball player Vjekoslav Kobescak born 1974 water polo player and coach Ivica Kostelic born 1979 alpine ski racer Janica Kostelic born 1982 alpine ski racer four time Olympic gold medalist Luka Loncar born 1987 water polo player Iva Majoli born 1977 tennis player Nikola Mektic born 1988 tennis player Olympic gold medal winner Mirko Novosel born 1938 basketball player Tomislav Paskvalin born 1961 water polo player Sandra Perkovic born 1990 discus thrower won two gold medals at the Summer Olympics Dubravko Simenc born 1966 water polo player Martin Sinkovic born 1989 rower Olympic gold medal winner Valent Sinkovic born 1988 rower Olympic gold medal winner Tin Srbic born 1996 artistic gymnast Manuel Strlek born 1988 handball player Igor Vori born 1980 handball player Vedran Zrnic born 1979 handball playerReligion Mihalj Silobod Bolsic 1724 1787 Roman Catholic priest mathematician writer and musical theorist primarily known for writing the first Croatian arithmetic textbook Arithmatika Horvatzka published in Zagreb 1758 Science and humanities Ivan Đikic born 1966 molecular biologist director of the Institute of Biochemistry II at Goethe University Frankfurt Mario Juric born 1979 astronomer Vesna Girardi Jurkic 1944 2012 archeologist and museologist Dragutin Gorjanovic Kramberger 1856 1936 geologist paleontologist and archeologist Milan Kangrga 1923 2008 philosopher Radoslav Katicic 1930 2019 linguist classical philologist Nada Klaic 1920 1988 historian Ivo Kolin 1924 2007 inventor Zdravko Lorkovic 1900 1998 biologist entomologist and geneticist Ranko Matasovic born 1968 linguist Ivo Pilar 1874 1933 historian politician publicist and lawyer Martin Previsic born 1984 historian Vesna Pusic born 1953 sociologist and politician Marin Soljacic born 1974 physicist and electrical engineer Rudi Supek 1913 1993 sociologist and philosopher Goran Svob 1947 2013 philosopher and logician Josip Torbar 1824 1900 natural scientist Hrvoje Turkovic born 1943 film theorist Ljudevit Vukotinovic 1813 1893 politician writer and naturalist Milena Zic Fuchs born 1954 linguistWriters Titus Brezovacki 1757 1805 playwright satirist and poet August Cesarec 1893 1941 writer Bora Cosic born 1932 writer Dimitrija Demeter 1811 1872 writer Dasa Drndic 1946 2018 writer Zoran Feric born 1961 writer Branko Gavella 1885 1962 theater director and essayist Miroslav Krleza 1893 1981 writer considered the greatest Croatian writer of the 20th century Antun Mihanovic 1796 1861 poet and lyricist wrote the national anthem of Croatia August Senoa 1838 1881 novelist Suncana Skrinjaric 1931 2004 writer poet and journalist Davor Slamnig born 1956 writer and musician Slobodan Snajder born 1948 writer and publicistNotes Edit a b From the household census Population census without clergy and nobility Kajkavian pronunciation ˈzǎːɡrep 8 The political status of Kosovo is disputed Having unilaterally declared independence from Serbia in 2008 Kosovo is formally recognised as an independent state by 101 UN member states with another 13 states recognising it at some point but then withdrawing their recognition and 92 states not recognizing it while Serbia continues to claim it as part of its own territory References Edit City of zagreb 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Tourist Board Zagreb FairPreceded byRotterdam Netherlands 1953 World Gymnaestrada host city1957 Succeeded byStuttgart West Germany 1961 Preceded byKobe Japan 1985 Universiade host city1987 Succeeded byDuisburg West Germany 1989 Portals Geography Europe Croatia Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Zagreb amp oldid 1131764781, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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