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Wikipedia

Global Peace Index

Global Peace Index (GPI) is a report produced by the Institute for Economics & Peace (IEP) which measures the relative position of nations' and regions' peacefulness.[2] The GPI ranks 163 independent states and territories (collectively accounting for 99.7 per cent of the world's population) according to their levels of peacefulness. In the past decade, the GPI has presented trends of increased global violence and less peacefulness.[3]

Global Peace Index 2023. Countries appearing with a deeper shade of green are ranked as more peaceful, countries appearing more red are ranked as more violent.[1]

The GPI is developed in consultation with an international panel of peace experts from peace institutes and think tanks with data collected and collated by the Economist Intelligence Unit. The Index was first launched in May 2009, with subsequent reports being released annually. In 2015 it ranked 165 countries, up from 121 in 2007. The study was conceived by Australian technology entrepreneur Steve Killelea, and is endorsed by individuals such as former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan, the Dalai Lama, archbishop Desmond Tutu, former President of Finland and 2008 Nobel Peace Prize laureate Martti Ahtisaari, Nobel laureate Muhammad Yunus, economist Jeffrey Sachs, former president of Ireland Mary Robinson, former Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations Jan Eliasson and former United States president Jimmy Carter.[citation needed] The updated index is released each year at events in London, Washington, DC, and at the United Nations Secretariat in New York.

The 2023 GPI indicates Iceland, Denmark, Ireland, New Zealand, and Austria to be the most peaceful countries, and Afghanistan, Yemen, Syria, South Sudan, and Democratic Republic of the Congo to be the least peaceful.[4] The key findings of the 2023 GPI include a less peaceful world over the last 15 years, a 5 per cent deterioration in the global level of peace over the last 15 years and a growing inequality in peace between the most and least peaceful countries.

The main findings of the 2023 Global Peace Index are:[4]

  • The overall score for the 2023 GPI deteriorated this year due to a reduction in six of the nine geographical regions represented. However, more countries improved their levels of peacefulness than deteriorated: 84 compared to 79.
  • The total number of conflict-related deaths increased by 96 per cent.
  • The global economic cost of violence was $17.5 trillion PPP in 2022, equivalent to 12.9 per cent of global GDP, or $2,200 per person.
  • Last year saw a shift in the global distribution of violence. Major conflicts in the MENA region and South Asia declined, while conflicts in sub-Saharan Africa, Europe, and Asia-Pacific intensified.
  • The Safety and Security and Ongoing Conflict domains both deteriorated, while the Militarisation domain recorded a slight improvement, continuing a long-term trend of improvement.
  • Of the 23 GPI indicators, ten recorded an improvement, 11 had a deterioration, and two recorded no change over the past year.
  • The two indicators with the largest deteriorations in 2022 were conflict-related, external conflicts fought and deaths from internal conflict, followed by political instability.
  • The indicators with the biggest improvement were UN peacekeeping funding and military expenditure.

International panel[needs update] edit

The international panel for the 2016 and 2017 GPI consisted of:[citation needed]

  • Kevin P. Clements, Foundation Chair of Peace and Conflict Studies and Director, National Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies, University of Otago, New Zealand
  • Sabina Alkire, Director, Oxford Poverty & Human Development Initiative (OPHI), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
  • Ian Anthony, Research Coordinator and Director of the Programme on Arms Control, Disarmament and Non-proliferation, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), Sweden
  • Isabelle Arrandon, Director of Research and Deputy Director of Communications & Outreach, International Crisis Group, Belgium
  • Manuela Mesa, Director, Centre for Education and Peace Research (CEIPAZ) and President, Spanish Association for Peace Research (AIPAZ), Madrid, Spain
  • Nick Grono, CEO, The Freedom Fund, United Kingdom
  • Ekaterina Stepanova, Head, Unit on Peace and Conflict Studies, Institute of the World Economy and International Relations (IMEMO), Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia

Methodology edit

In assessing peacefulness, the GPI investigates the extent to which countries are involved in ongoing domestic and international conflicts and seeks to evaluate the level of harmony or discord within a nation. Ten indicators broadly assess what might be described as safety and security in society. Their assertion is that low crime rates, minimal incidences of terrorist acts and violent demonstrations, harmonious relations with neighbouring countries, a stable political scene, and a small proportion of the population being internally displaced or refugees can be suggestive of peacefulness.

In 2017, 23 indicators were used to establish peacefulness scores for each country. The indicators were originally selected with the assistance of an expert panel in 2007 and are reviewed by the expert panel on an annual basis. The scores for each indicator are normalized on a scale of 1–5, whereby qualitative indicators are banded into five groupings, and quantitative ones are scored from 1–5, to the third decimal point. A table of the indicators is below.[5] In the table, UCDP stands for the Uppsala Conflict Data Program maintained by the University of Uppsala in Sweden, EIU for The Economist Intelligence Unit, UNSCT for the United Nations Survey of Criminal Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems, ICPS is the International Centre for Prison Studies at King's College London, IISS for the International Institute for Strategic Studies publication The Military Balance, and SIPRI for the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute Arms Transfers Database.

Indicator Source Coding
1 Number and duration of internal conflicts[a] UCDP, IEP Total number
2 Number of deaths from external organized conflict UCDP Armed Conflict Dataset Total number
3 Number of deaths from internal organized conflict International Institute for Strategic Studies, Armed Conflict Database Total number
4 Number, duration, and role in external conflicts UCDP Battle-related Deaths Dataset, IEP Total number
5 Intensity of organized internal conflict EIU Qualitative scale, ranked 1 to 5
6 Relations with neighbouring countries EIU Qualitative scale, ranked 1 to 5
7 Level of perceived criminality in society EIU Qualitative scale, ranked 1 to 5
8 Number of refugees and displaced persons as percentage of population UNHCR and IDMC Refugee population by country or territory of origin, plus the number of a country's internally displaced people (IDP's) as a percentage of the country's total population
9 Political instability EIU Qualitative scale, ranked 1 to 5
10 Impact of terrorism Global Terrorism Index (IEP) Quantitative scale, ranked 1 to 5
11 Political terror Amnesty International and US State Department Qualitative scale, ranked 1 to 5
12 Number of homicides per 100,000 people UNODC Surveys on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (CTS); EIU estimates Total number
13 Level of violent crime EIU Qualitative scale, ranked 1 to 5
14 Likelihood of violent demonstrations EIU Qualitative scale, ranked 1 to 5
15 Number of jailed persons per 100,000 people World Prison Brief, Institute for Criminal Policy Research at Birkbeck, University of London Total number
16 Number of internal security officers and police per 100,000 people UNODC CTS; EIU estimates Total number; Civil police force distinct from national guards or local militia[b]
17 Military expenditure as a percentage of GDP The Military Balance and IISS Cash outlays of central or federal government to meet costs of national armed forces, as a percentage of GDP, scores from 1 to 5 based on percentages[c]
18 Number of armed-services personnel per 100,000 The Military Balance and IISS All full-time active armed-services personnel
19 Volume of transfers of major conventional weapons as recipient (imports) per 100,000 people SIPRI Arms Transfers Database Imports of major conventional weapons per 100,000 people[d]
20 Volume of transfers of major conventional weapons as supplier (exports) per 100,000 people SIPRI Arms Transfers Database Exports of major conventional weapons per 100,000 people
21 Financial contribution to UN peacekeeping missions United Nations Committee on Contributions and IEP Percentage of countries' "outstanding payments versus their annual assessment to the budget of the current peacekeeping missions" over an average of three years, scored from 1–5 scale based on percentage of promised contributions met
22 Nuclear and heavy weapons capability The Military Balance, IISS, SIPRI, UN Register of Conventional Arms and IEP 1–5 scale based on accumulated points; 1 point per armoured vehicle and artillery pieces, 5 points per tank, 20 points per combat aircraft, 100 points per warship, 1000 points for aircraft carrier and nuclear submarine[e]
23 Ease of access to small arms and light weapons EIU Qualitative scale, ranked 1 to 5

Indicators not already ranked on a 1 to 5 scale were converted by using the following formula: x = [x - min(x)] / [max(x) - min(x)], where max(x) and min(x) are the highest and lowest values for that indicator of the countries ranked in the index. The 0 to 1 scores that resulted were then converted to the 1 to 5 scale. Individual indicators were then weighted according to the expert panel's judgment of their importance. The scores were then tabulated into two weighted sub-indices: internal peace, weighted at 60% of a country's final score, and external peace, weighted at 40% of a country's final score. "Negative Peace", defined as the absence of violence or of the fear of violence, is used as the definition of peace to create the Global Peace Index. An additional aim of the GPI database is to facilitate deeper study of the concept of positive peace, or those attitudes, institutions, and structures that drive peacefulness in society. The GPI also examines relationships between peace and reliable international measures, including democracy and transparency, education and material well-being. As such, it seeks to understand the relative importance of a range of potential determinants, or "drivers", which may influence the nurturing of peaceful societies, both internally and externally.[6]

Statistical analysis is applied to GPI data to uncover specific conditions conducive of peace. Researchers have determined that Positive Peace, which includes the attitudes, institutions, and structures that pre-empt conflict and facilitate functional societies, is the main driver of peace. The eight pillars of positive peace are well-functioning government, sound business environment, acceptance of the rights of others, good relations with neighbours, free flow of information, high levels of human capital, low levels of corruption, and equitable distribution of resources. Well-functioning government, low levels of corruption, acceptance of the rights of others, and good relations with neighbours are more important in countries suffering from high levels of violence. Free flow of information and sound business environment become more important when a country is approaching the global average level of peacefulness, also described as the Mid-Peace level. Low levels of corruption is the only Pillar that is strongly significant across all three levels of peacefulness. This suggests it is an important transformational factor at all stages of a nation's development.

Global Peace Index rankings edit

2023 edit

Country 2023[4]
Rank Score
  Iceland 1 1.124
  Denmark 2 1.310
  Ireland 3 1.312
  New Zealand 4 1.313
  Austria 5 1.316
  Singapore 6 1.332
  Portugal 7 1.333
  Slovenia 8 1.334
  Japan 9 1.336
   Switzerland 10 1.339
  Canada 11 1.350
  Czechia 12 1.379
  Finland 13 1.399
  Croatia 14 1.450
  Germany 15 1.456
  Netherlands 16 1.490
  Bhutan 17 1.496
  Hungary 18 1.508
  Malaysia 19 1.513
  Belgium 20 1.523
  Qatar 21 1.524
  Australia 22 1.525
  Mauritius 23 1.546
  Norway 24 1.550
  Estonia 25 1.563
  Slovakia 26 1.578
  Latvia 27 1.582
  Sweden 28 1.625
  Poland 29 1.634
  Bulgaria 30 1.640
  Romania 31= 1.649
  Spain 31= 1.649
  Taiwan 31= 1.649
  Italy 34 1.662
  Kuwait 35 1.669
  Lithuania 36 1.671
  United Kingdom 37 1.693
  North Macedonia 38 1.713
  Costa Rica 39 1.731
  Albania 40= 1.745
  Vietnam 40= 1.745
  Botswana 42 1.762
  South Korea 43 1.763
  Mongolia 44 1.765
  Montenegro 45 1.772
  Laos 46 1.779
  Sierra Leone 47 1.792
  Oman 48 1.794
  Timor-Leste 49 1.796
  Uruguay 50 1.798
  Ghana 51 1.799
  Senegal 52 1.827
  Indonesia 53 1.829
  Argentina 54 1.837
  Madagascar 55 1.846
  Namibia 56 1.859
  Moldova 57 1.873
  Chile 58 1.874
  The Gambia 59 1.888
  Greece 60 1.890
  Bosnia and Herzegovina 61 1.892
  Jordan 62 1.895
  Zambia 63 1.898
  Cyprus 64 1.904
  Serbia 65 1.921
  Armenia 66 1.929
  France 67 1.939
  Panama 68= 1.942
  Paraguay 68= 1.942
  Trinidad and Tobago 70= 1.946
  Kosovo 70= 1.946
  Liberia 70= 1.946
  Cambodia 73 1.947
  Malawi 74 1.970
  United Arab Emirates 75 1.979
  Kazakhstan 76 1.980
  Jamaica 77 1.986
  Bolivia 78 2.001
    Nepal 79 2.006
  China 80 2.009
  Tunisia 81 2.010
  Equatorial Guinea 82 2.013
  Dominican Republic 83 2.019
  Angola 84= 2.020
  Morocco 84= 2.020
  Uzbekistan 86 2.033
  Guinea-Bissau 87 2.045
  Bangladesh 88= 2.051
  Rwanda 88= 2.051
  Cote d'Ivoire 90 2.053
  Tanzania 91 2.058
  Thailand 92 2.061
  Gabon 93 2.068
  Georgia 94 2.071
  Azerbaijan 95 2.090
  Algeria 96 2.094
  Ecuador 97= 2.095
  Papua New Guinea 97= 2.095
  Cuba 99 2.103
  Turkmenistan 100 2.107
  Kyrgyz Republic 101 2.110
  Tajikistan 102 2.114
  Guatemala 103= 2.130
  Peru 103= 2.130
  Togo 103= 2.130
  Guyana 106 2.134
  Sri Lanka 107 2.136
  Bahrain 108 2.145
  Eswatini 109 2.168
  Benin 110 2.177
  Lesotho 111 2.191
  Djibouti 112 2.196
  Republic of the Congo 113 2.210
  Mauritania 114 2.228
  Philippines 115 2.229
  Belarus 116 2.248
  Kenya 117 2.254
  Mozambique 118 2.259
  Saudi Arabia 119 2.260
  Honduras 120 2.265
  Egypt 121 2.267
  El Salvador 122 2.279
  Nicaragua 123 2.294
  Zimbabwe 124= 2.300
  Uganda 124= 2.300
  India 126 2.314
  Guinea 127 2.359
  Burundi 128 2.393
  Haiti 129 2.395
  South Africa 130 2.405
  United States of America 131 2.448
  Brazil 132 2.462
  Eritrea 133 2.505
  Palestine 134 2.538
  Lebanon 135 2.581
  Mexico 136 2.599
  Libya 137 2.605
  Niger 138 2.625
  Cameroon 139 2.660
  Venezuela 140= 2.693
  Colombia 140= 2.693
  Chad 142 2.699
  Israel 143 2.706
  Nigeria 144 2.713
  Myanmar 145 2.741
  Pakistan 146 2.745
  Turkey 147= 2.800
  Iran 147= 2.800
  North Korea 149 2.848
  Burkina Faso 150 2.868
  Ethiopia 151 2.872
  Central African Republic 152 2.934
  Mali 153 2.963
  Iraq 154 3.006
  Sudan 155 3.023
  Somalia 156 3.036
  Ukraine 157 3.043
  Russia 158 3.142
  Democratic Republic of the Congo 159 3.214
  South Sudan 160 3.221
  Syria 161 3.294
  Yemen 162 3.350
  Afghanistan 163 3.448

Note: The GPI's methodology is updated regularly and is improved to reflect the most up-to-date datasets. Each year's GPI report includes a detailed description of the methodology used. Also, the data is revised periodically and so values from previous years may change accordingly.
These tables contain the scores and ranking published in the official annual reports, for the latest revised data please visit the Interactive world map of the Global Peace Index.

International response edit

The Index has received endorsements as a political project from a number of major international figures, including the former Secretary-General of the United Nations, Kofi Annan; former President of Finland and 2008 Nobel Peace Prize laureate Martti Ahtisaari; the Dalai Lama; Archbishop Desmond Tutu; Muhammad Yunus; and former United States President Jimmy Carter.[7] Steve Killelea, A.M., the Australian philanthropist who conceived the idea of the Index, argues that the Index is "a wake-up call for leaders around the globe".[8]

The Index has been widely recognized. Professor Jeffrey Sachs, director of the Earth Institute at Columbia University, said: "The GPI continues its pioneering work in drawing the world's attention to the massive resources we are squandering in violence and conflict. The lives and money wasted in wars, incarcerations, weapons systems, weapons trade, and more could be directed to ending poverty, promoting education, and protecting the environment. The GPI will not only draw attention to these crucial issues but help us understand them and to invest productively in a more peaceful world."[9]

Following the release of the 2015 GPI, Professor Sir Lawrence Freedman of King's College in London called the Index "an extraordinarily useful body of information", declaring of its analysis: "The best indicator of future conflict is past conflict. The challenge is how we break that cycle."[10]

The Economist, in publishing the first edition of the index in 2007, admitted: "The index will run into some flak." Specifically, according to The Economist, the weighting of military expenditure "may seem to give heart to freeloaders: countries that enjoy peace precisely because others (often the USA) care for their defence," and said the true utility of the index may lie not in its specific current rankings of countries but in how those rankings change over time, thus tracking when and how countries become more or less peaceful.[11] In 2012, The Economist suggested: "Quantifying peace is a bit like trying to describe how happiness smells." The publication admitted that the GPI has produced some "surprising results" and argued that "part of the appeal of the index is that readers can examine each of the variables in turn and think about how much weight to add to each."[12]

The Australian National University says that the GPI report presents "the latest and most comprehensive global data on trends in peace, violence and war" and "provides the world's best analysis of the statistical factors associated with long-term peace, as well as economic analysis on the macroeconomic impacts of everyday violence and war on the global economy."[13]

The GPI has been criticized for not including indicators specifically relating to violence against women and children. In 2007 Riane Eisler, writing in the Christian Science Monitor, argued: "To put it mildly, this blind spot makes the index very inaccurate." She mentions a number of specific cases, including Egypt, where she claims 90% of women are subject to genital mutilation, and China, where, she says, "female infanticide is still a problem", according to a 2000 UNICEF study.[14]

World leaders talking about the GPI edit

During a Peace Forum in August 2017, Honduran President Juan Orlando Hernandez said that "receiving such high praise from an institute that once named this country the most violent in the world is extremely significant... My administration will keep fighting to protect all Honduran citizens." The President has recently launched an initiative to build a series of safe parks across Honduras and hopes to see further improvement reflected in future GPI rankings.[15]

Malaysia ranked 29th in the 2017 GPI. The country's Communications and Multimedia Minister, Datuk Seri Salleh Said Keruak said that this ranking along with Malaysia's high place in the 2017 World Happiness Report was proof that the "government's efforts have made Malaysia a safe and prosperous country." He also admitted, "there's still much room for improvement to make Malaysia the best among the better countries and that's what we're doing now."[16]

After the release of the 2016 GPI, the Botswanan Office of the President released a proud statement, "in this year's Index, Botswana was ranked as 28 out of 163 countries, up 3 places from last year. This continues to place Botswana above over half of the European region countries surveyed as well as all five of the Permanent Members of the United Nations Security Council... in addition Botswana was one of only five countries, to achieve a perfect score in the domestic and international conflict domain."[17]

Navid Hanif, director of the United Nations Office for ECOSOC Support and Coordination said, "it's intuitive that peace is useful and peacefulness is a reward in itself, but the IEP is trying to make the conclusion more evidence-based. Now that the index covers 99% of the population, it has come a long way. The report systemically measures peacefulness and identifies the determinants of peace."[18]

Reacting to the 2017 results of the GPI, which ranked the Philippines 138 out of 163 countries, mainly because of poor scores in societal safety and security due to President Duterte's war on drugs, Philippine Presidential spokesman Ernesto Abella countered, "We're not entirely sure where the GPI, Global Peace Index analyst... who apparently is supposed to be a local, is really coming from. Maybe there's a political slant somewhere... based on survey results, the net satisfaction of Filipino people is quite high."[19]

Sierra Leone ranked 39th in the 2017 Global Peace Index. Former Chief of Staff and Office of National Security (ONS) adviser, Dr. Jonathan PJ Sandy, "welcomed the 2017 Global Peace Index report released recently which ranked Sierra Leone in first position, as the most peaceful country in West Africa and third in the African continent... He observed that going by the report itself, [future] elections might be successfully held." Presidential Spokesman, Abdulai Bayraytay "said the favourable Global Peace rating of Sierra Leone would serve as an impetus for the country to do more."[20]

Media coverage edit

The Independent: Global Peace Index: US Facing New Era of Instability as Middle East Sinks Further into Turmoil: "An annual global peace index has concluded that US political turmoil had pushed North America into deep instability in 2016 while the Middle East sank deeper into turmoil. Despite depicting tumult across continents, the 2017 Global Peace Index said the world had overall become more peaceful in the past year when measured against a range of indicators."[21]

BBC: Global Peace Index 2017: World 0.28% more peaceful than last year: "Levels of peace around the world have improved slightly for the first time since the Syrian war began, but harmony has decreased in the US and terrorism records have increased, a Sydney-based think-tank has found."[22]

Forbes: "The Global Peace Index, which the Institute compiles annually, paints a sombre picture: The world has become even less peaceful in 2016, continuing a decade-long trend of increased violence and strife. Published every year since 2008, the Index ranks 163 independent states and territories by their level of peacefulness."[3]

Forbes: The World's Most and Least Peaceful Countries [Infographic]: "The 2017 Global Peace Index has found that the world has become a slightly safer place over the past year. However, the political fallout and deep rooted division brought on by the US presidential election campaign has led to a deterioration of peace levels in North America."[23]

The Guardian: Fraught White House Campaign Blamed as US Bucks Global Trend Towards Peace: "The divisive nature of Donald Trump's rise to the White House has increased mistrust of the US government and means social problems are likely to become more entrenched, said the authors of the annual Global Peace Index, in which 163 countries and territories are analysed."[24]

HuffingtonPost: Global Peace Index 2017: Donald Trump Fallout Causes North America To Plummet Down Ranking: "While the world became a safer place to live overall, the 2017 Global Peace Index found disruption caused by the perception of corruption and attacks on media in the US led to its deterioration."[25]

The Washington Times: U.S. Ranked the 114th Most Peaceful Nation on Earth says Annual Global Ranking: "The index is produced by the Australia-based Institute for Economics and Peace, which figures that the impact of strife worldwide is $14.3 trillion. News is not all bad, though. In a nutshell, the index found that 93 nations became 'more peaceful' in the last year, 68 were 'less peaceful.'"[26]

Business Insider: The 12 Safest Countries in the World: "The think tank Institute for Economics and Peace recently published the Global Peace Index 2017, which reveals the safest — as well as the most dangerous — countries in the world. The report ranked 163 countries based on how peaceful they are. The rankings were determined by 23 factors, which included homicide rate, political terror, and deaths from internal conflict."[27]

Indian news websites, ZeeNews, HindustanTimes, and Jagran Josh: The three Indian news agencies described the GPI's ranking system, global peace trends, highlights from that year's GPI and India's own placement in the GPI. The Hindustan Times quoted the GPI and emphasized that "violence impacted India's economy by USD 679.80 billion in 2016, 9 % of India's GDP, or USD 525 per person"[28][29][30]

Philstar, Filipino newspaper: "Among all the 163 countries, the Philippines is ranked 138. For perspective, India is ranked just one notch above, at 137. Despite this low ranking, however, it has remained relatively stable in this low rank over time a long time. Though the raw score has worsened over the previous year, the country's rank has not been far off from this rank in previous years...Though the point of view of the report deserves respect concerning societal safety, another side of the story needs more hearing internationally."[31]

World Economic Forum: These are the Most Peaceful Countries in the World: "The Global Peace Index ranks 163 countries according to their domestic and international conflicts, safety and security and degree of militarization. It found 93 had improved, while 68 had deteriorated, and overall peace levels had inched up 0.28%."[32]

Academic references edit

The International Journal of Press/Politics: "Social Media and the Arab Spring: Politics comes first": This article utilized the findings of the 2010 GPI to construct a human rights index, which was used in their overall study on the use of social media in political uprisings, and in the Arab Spring context in particular.[33]

Contemporary Security Policy: "Failed states and international order: constructing a post-Westphalian world": The Global Peace Index, along with four other global indices, is used in this study's ranking of 'state failure'. "Although this index focuses primarily on trends of armed conflict and violence it is relevant to state weakness and failure as the indicators measured for the assessment of 'peace' in this context are also indicative of state capacity."[34]

Biological Reviews: "Does Infectious Disease cause Global Variation in the Frequency of Intrastate Armed Conflict and Civil War?": This study used the 2008 Global Peace Index to build what they call a 'path analysis,' in which they sought to uncover "whether infectious disease causes the emergence of a collectivist culture."[35]

Political Research Quarterly: "Measuring the Rule of Law": This article attempts to measure the rule of law, and in doing so "correlated the rule of law indices with a measure of violent crime (for 2007) included in the Global Peace Index."[36]

Applied Energy: "The Analysis of Security Cost for Different Energy Sources": This study utilized the Global Peace Index in calculating a disruption probability from geopolitical instability, with the overall aim of analysing security costs for different sources of energy.[37]

International Political Science Review: "Measuring Effective Democracy: A Defence": In the construction of an effective democracy index (EDI), the authors built a table that includes 2008 GPI scores as a dependent variable in a regression analysis of economic development and various indices of democracy.[38]

Institute for Security Studies: "African Futures 2050- The Next Forty Years": The African human security research institution utilized the findings of the Global Peace Index of 2010 to emphasize trends in drug crime and violence on the African continent.[39][40]

Nature Communications: "Global Priorities for an Effective Information Basis of Biodiversity Distributions": In their article about insufficient digital accessible information about ecosystems and biodiversity, the authors utilized the GPI to model the "effects of secure conditions" based on the index as a measure of political stability, armed conflict, and public safety levels.[41]

Nordic Journal of Religion and Society: "Why are Danes and Swedes so Irreligious": This article uses the Global Peace Index, and its very high rankings of Denmark (3rd in 2008) and Sweden (13th in 2008) to support claims that the countries' lack of religiosity can be linked to prosperous societal structures.[42]

Food Security: "Tracking phosphorus security: indicators of phosphorus vulnerability in the global food system": Along with eleven other indicators, the GPI was used as a measure of political instability for the development of a utilized in the development of a phosphorus vulnerability analysis, aimed at formulating food production methods and government policy.[43]

World Politics: "The System Worked: Global Economic Governance During the Great Recession": Drezner uses GPI measurements, particularly the fact that interstate violence and military expenditures have decreased in the years studied, to bolster an argument suggesting that the Great Recession has not led to an increase in global violence and conflict.[44]

Journal of Sustainable Development Studies: "Insecurity and Socio-economic Development in Nigeria": This sustainable development study utilized the GPI, in conjunction with the Human Development Index and the Corruption Perception Index to track fluctuations in Nigeria's socio-economic climate and insecurity issues over the past decade.[45]

Harvard Educational Review: "Peace Education in a Violent Culture": In criticizing the United States' culture of violence, the author refers to the developed country's remarkably low ranking on the Global Peace Index as evidence of violence's effect on societal peacefulness.[46]

International Security: "The Heart of the Matter: The Security of Women and the Security of States": In this piece, the authors use the Global Peace Index as one of three measures of state security; the GPI is specifically used as a "general measure of state peacefulness". The report concludes that higher levels of women's physical security correlates positively with the GPI.[47]

The Equal Rights Review: "The Mental Health Gap in South Africa: A Human Rights Issue": South Africa's poor GPI ranking, among other measures is cited by the authors as part of their overall argument that the national government is not implementing promises made towards the achievement of equality, as signatories of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD).[48]

Environment, Development and Sustainability: "Creating a 'Values' Chain for Sustainable Development in Developing Nations: Where Maslow meets Porter": This study uses the 'safety and security' measures of the GPI, including political instability, level of violent crime, and likelihood of violent demonstrations, for supporting an argument that renders societal safety and security necessary for sustainable development.[49]

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ In this case, a conflict is defined as, "a contested incompatibility that concerns government and/or territory where the use of armed force between two parties, of which at least one is the government of a state, results in at least 25 battle-related deaths in a year."
  2. ^ Excludes militia and national guard forces.
  3. ^ This includes, "cash outlays of central or federal government to meet the costs of national armed forces—including strategic, land, naval, air, command, administration and support forces as well as paramilitary forces, customs forces and border guards if these are trained and equipped as a military force."
  4. ^ This includes transfers, purchases, or gifts of aircraft, armoured vehicles, artillery, radar systems, missiles, ships, engines
  5. ^ Rates the destructive capability of a country's stock of heavy weapons via a categorized system. As of 2013, countries with nuclear capabilities receive a score of five, the highest possible score.

References edit

  1. ^ "Global Peace Index Map » The Most & Least Peaceful Countries". Vision of Humanity. June 2023. Retrieved 2023-07-02.
  2. ^ Institute for Economics & Peace. (PDF). visionofhumanity.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-04-01. Retrieved 2017-11-27.
  3. ^ a b Wang, Monica. "The World's Most And Least Peaceful Countries In 2016". Forbes. Retrieved 2017-11-26.
  4. ^ a b c "Global Peace Index 2023" (PDF). Institute for Economics & Peace. June 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2023.
  5. ^ Information about indicators and methodology "2013 Global Peace Index"(PDF). Institute for Economics and Peace. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-12-10. Retrieved 2013-06-24.
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External links edit

  • Vision of Humanity – Global Peace Index Site
  • Institute for Economics and Peace
  • Interactive world map of the Global Peace Index
  • Integrated Research Steve Killelea is the founder of technology company Integrated Research
  • Global Peace Index 2013: The Full List
  • List of safest countries by Global Peace Index

global, peace, index, report, produced, institute, economics, peace, which, measures, relative, position, nations, regions, peacefulness, ranks, independent, states, territories, collectively, accounting, cent, world, population, according, their, levels, peac. Global Peace Index GPI is a report produced by the Institute for Economics amp Peace IEP which measures the relative position of nations and regions peacefulness 2 The GPI ranks 163 independent states and territories collectively accounting for 99 7 per cent of the world s population according to their levels of peacefulness In the past decade the GPI has presented trends of increased global violence and less peacefulness 3 Global Peace Index 2023 Countries appearing with a deeper shade of green are ranked as more peaceful countries appearing more red are ranked as more violent 1 The GPI is developed in consultation with an international panel of peace experts from peace institutes and think tanks with data collected and collated by the Economist Intelligence Unit The Index was first launched in May 2009 with subsequent reports being released annually In 2015 it ranked 165 countries up from 121 in 2007 The study was conceived by Australian technology entrepreneur Steve Killelea and is endorsed by individuals such as former UN Secretary General Kofi Annan the Dalai Lama archbishop Desmond Tutu former President of Finland and 2008 Nobel Peace Prize laureate Martti Ahtisaari Nobel laureate Muhammad Yunus economist Jeffrey Sachs former president of Ireland Mary Robinson former Deputy Secretary General of the United Nations Jan Eliasson and former United States president Jimmy Carter citation needed The updated index is released each year at events in London Washington DC and at the United Nations Secretariat in New York The 2023 GPI indicates Iceland Denmark Ireland New Zealand and Austria to be the most peaceful countries and Afghanistan Yemen Syria South Sudan and Democratic Republic of the Congo to be the least peaceful 4 The key findings of the 2023 GPI include a less peaceful world over the last 15 years a 5 per cent deterioration in the global level of peace over the last 15 years and a growing inequality in peace between the most and least peaceful countries The main findings of the 2023 Global Peace Index are 4 The overall score for the 2023 GPI deteriorated this year due to a reduction in six of the nine geographical regions represented However more countries improved their levels of peacefulness than deteriorated 84 compared to 79 The total number of conflict related deaths increased by 96 per cent The global economic cost of violence was 17 5 trillion PPP in 2022 equivalent to 12 9 per cent of global GDP or 2 200 per person Last year saw a shift in the global distribution of violence Major conflicts in the MENA region and South Asia declined while conflicts in sub Saharan Africa Europe and Asia Pacific intensified The Safety and Security and Ongoing Conflict domains both deteriorated while the Militarisation domain recorded a slight improvement continuing a long term trend of improvement Of the 23 GPI indicators ten recorded an improvement 11 had a deterioration and two recorded no change over the past year The two indicators with the largest deteriorations in 2022 were conflict related external conflicts fought and deaths from internal conflict followed by political instability The indicators with the biggest improvement were UN peacekeeping funding and military expenditure Contents 1 International panel needs update 2 Methodology 3 Global Peace Index rankings 3 1 2023 4 International response 4 1 World leaders talking about the GPI 5 Media coverage 6 Academic references 7 See also 8 Notes 9 References 10 External linksInternational panel needs update editThe international panel for the 2016 and 2017 GPI consisted of citation needed Kevin P Clements Foundation Chair of Peace and Conflict Studies and Director National Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies University of Otago New Zealand Sabina Alkire Director Oxford Poverty amp Human Development Initiative OPHI University of Oxford United Kingdom Ian Anthony Research Coordinator and Director of the Programme on Arms Control Disarmament and Non proliferation Stockholm International Peace Research Institute SIPRI Sweden Isabelle Arrandon Director of Research and Deputy Director of Communications amp Outreach International Crisis Group Belgium Manuela Mesa Director Centre for Education and Peace Research CEIPAZ and President Spanish Association for Peace Research AIPAZ Madrid Spain Nick Grono CEO The Freedom Fund United Kingdom Ekaterina Stepanova Head Unit on Peace and Conflict Studies Institute of the World Economy and International Relations IMEMO Russian Academy of Sciences RussiaMethodology editIn assessing peacefulness the GPI investigates the extent to which countries are involved in ongoing domestic and international conflicts and seeks to evaluate the level of harmony or discord within a nation Ten indicators broadly assess what might be described as safety and security in society Their assertion is that low crime rates minimal incidences of terrorist acts and violent demonstrations harmonious relations with neighbouring countries a stable political scene and a small proportion of the population being internally displaced or refugees can be suggestive of peacefulness In 2017 23 indicators were used to establish peacefulness scores for each country The indicators were originally selected with the assistance of an expert panel in 2007 and are reviewed by the expert panel on an annual basis The scores for each indicator are normalized on a scale of 1 5 whereby qualitative indicators are banded into five groupings and quantitative ones are scored from 1 5 to the third decimal point A table of the indicators is below 5 In the table UCDP stands for the Uppsala Conflict Data Program maintained by the University of Uppsala in Sweden EIU for The Economist Intelligence Unit UNSCT for the United Nations Survey of Criminal Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems ICPS is the International Centre for Prison Studies at King s College London IISS for the International Institute for Strategic Studies publication The Military Balance and SIPRI for the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute Arms Transfers Database Indicator Source Coding1 Number and duration of internal conflicts a UCDP IEP Total number2 Number of deaths from external organized conflict UCDP Armed Conflict Dataset Total number3 Number of deaths from internal organized conflict International Institute for Strategic Studies Armed Conflict Database Total number4 Number duration and role in external conflicts UCDP Battle related Deaths Dataset IEP Total number5 Intensity of organized internal conflict EIU Qualitative scale ranked 1 to 56 Relations with neighbouring countries EIU Qualitative scale ranked 1 to 57 Level of perceived criminality in society EIU Qualitative scale ranked 1 to 58 Number of refugees and displaced persons as percentage of population UNHCR and IDMC Refugee population by country or territory of origin plus the number of a country s internally displaced people IDP s as a percentage of the country s total population9 Political instability EIU Qualitative scale ranked 1 to 510 Impact of terrorism Global Terrorism Index IEP Quantitative scale ranked 1 to 511 Political terror Amnesty International and US State Department Qualitative scale ranked 1 to 512 Number of homicides per 100 000 people UNODC Surveys on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems CTS EIU estimates Total number13 Level of violent crime EIU Qualitative scale ranked 1 to 514 Likelihood of violent demonstrations EIU Qualitative scale ranked 1 to 515 Number of jailed persons per 100 000 people World Prison Brief Institute for Criminal Policy Research at Birkbeck University of London Total number16 Number of internal security officers and police per 100 000 people UNODC CTS EIU estimates Total number Civil police force distinct from national guards or local militia b 17 Military expenditure as a percentage of GDP The Military Balance and IISS Cash outlays of central or federal government to meet costs of national armed forces as a percentage of GDP scores from 1 to 5 based on percentages c 18 Number of armed services personnel per 100 000 The Military Balance and IISS All full time active armed services personnel19 Volume of transfers of major conventional weapons as recipient imports per 100 000 people SIPRI Arms Transfers Database Imports of major conventional weapons per 100 000 people d 20 Volume of transfers of major conventional weapons as supplier exports per 100 000 people SIPRI Arms Transfers Database Exports of major conventional weapons per 100 000 people21 Financial contribution to UN peacekeeping missions United Nations Committee on Contributions and IEP Percentage of countries outstanding payments versus their annual assessment to the budget of the current peacekeeping missions over an average of three years scored from 1 5 scale based on percentage of promised contributions met22 Nuclear and heavy weapons capability The Military Balance IISS SIPRI UN Register of Conventional Arms and IEP 1 5 scale based on accumulated points 1 point per armoured vehicle and artillery pieces 5 points per tank 20 points per combat aircraft 100 points per warship 1000 points for aircraft carrier and nuclear submarine e 23 Ease of access to small arms and light weapons EIU Qualitative scale ranked 1 to 5Indicators not already ranked on a 1 to 5 scale were converted by using the following formula x x min x max x min x where max x and min x are the highest and lowest values for that indicator of the countries ranked in the index The 0 to 1 scores that resulted were then converted to the 1 to 5 scale Individual indicators were then weighted according to the expert panel s judgment of their importance The scores were then tabulated into two weighted sub indices internal peace weighted at 60 of a country s final score and external peace weighted at 40 of a country s final score Negative Peace defined as the absence of violence or of the fear of violence is used as the definition of peace to create the Global Peace Index An additional aim of the GPI database is to facilitate deeper study of the concept of positive peace or those attitudes institutions and structures that drive peacefulness in society The GPI also examines relationships between peace and reliable international measures including democracy and transparency education and material well being As such it seeks to understand the relative importance of a range of potential determinants or drivers which may influence the nurturing of peaceful societies both internally and externally 6 Statistical analysis is applied to GPI data to uncover specific conditions conducive of peace Researchers have determined that Positive Peace which includes the attitudes institutions and structures that pre empt conflict and facilitate functional societies is the main driver of peace The eight pillars of positive peace are well functioning government sound business environment acceptance of the rights of others good relations with neighbours free flow of information high levels of human capital low levels of corruption and equitable distribution of resources Well functioning government low levels of corruption acceptance of the rights of others and good relations with neighbours are more important in countries suffering from high levels of violence Free flow of information and sound business environment become more important when a country is approaching the global average level of peacefulness also described as the Mid Peace level Low levels of corruption is the only Pillar that is strongly significant across all three levels of peacefulness This suggests it is an important transformational factor at all stages of a nation s development Global Peace Index rankings edit2023 edit Country 2023 4 Rank Score nbsp Iceland 1 1 124 nbsp Denmark 2 1 310 nbsp Ireland 3 1 312 nbsp New Zealand 4 1 313 nbsp Austria 5 1 316 nbsp Singapore 6 1 332 nbsp Portugal 7 1 333 nbsp Slovenia 8 1 334 nbsp Japan 9 1 336 nbsp Switzerland 10 1 339 nbsp Canada 11 1 350 nbsp Czechia 12 1 379 nbsp Finland 13 1 399 nbsp Croatia 14 1 450 nbsp Germany 15 1 456 nbsp Netherlands 16 1 490 nbsp Bhutan 17 1 496 nbsp Hungary 18 1 508 nbsp Malaysia 19 1 513 nbsp Belgium 20 1 523 nbsp Qatar 21 1 524 nbsp Australia 22 1 525 nbsp Mauritius 23 1 546 nbsp Norway 24 1 550 nbsp Estonia 25 1 563 nbsp Slovakia 26 1 578 nbsp Latvia 27 1 582 nbsp Sweden 28 1 625 nbsp Poland 29 1 634 nbsp Bulgaria 30 1 640 nbsp Romania 31 1 649 nbsp Spain 31 1 649 nbsp Taiwan 31 1 649 nbsp Italy 34 1 662 nbsp Kuwait 35 1 669 nbsp Lithuania 36 1 671 nbsp United Kingdom 37 1 693 nbsp North Macedonia 38 1 713 nbsp Costa Rica 39 1 731 nbsp Albania 40 1 745 nbsp Vietnam 40 1 745 nbsp Botswana 42 1 762 nbsp South Korea 43 1 763 nbsp Mongolia 44 1 765 nbsp Montenegro 45 1 772 nbsp Laos 46 1 779 nbsp Sierra Leone 47 1 792 nbsp Oman 48 1 794 nbsp Timor Leste 49 1 796 nbsp Uruguay 50 1 798 nbsp Ghana 51 1 799 nbsp Senegal 52 1 827 nbsp Indonesia 53 1 829 nbsp Argentina 54 1 837 nbsp Madagascar 55 1 846 nbsp Namibia 56 1 859 nbsp Moldova 57 1 873 nbsp Chile 58 1 874 nbsp The Gambia 59 1 888 nbsp Greece 60 1 890 nbsp Bosnia and Herzegovina 61 1 892 nbsp Jordan 62 1 895 nbsp Zambia 63 1 898 nbsp Cyprus 64 1 904 nbsp Serbia 65 1 921 nbsp Armenia 66 1 929 nbsp France 67 1 939 nbsp Panama 68 1 942 nbsp Paraguay 68 1 942 nbsp Trinidad and Tobago 70 1 946 nbsp Kosovo 70 1 946 nbsp Liberia 70 1 946 nbsp Cambodia 73 1 947 nbsp Malawi 74 1 970 nbsp United Arab Emirates 75 1 979 nbsp Kazakhstan 76 1 980 nbsp Jamaica 77 1 986 nbsp Bolivia 78 2 001 nbsp Nepal 79 2 006 nbsp China 80 2 009 nbsp Tunisia 81 2 010 nbsp Equatorial Guinea 82 2 013 nbsp Dominican Republic 83 2 019 nbsp Angola 84 2 020 nbsp Morocco 84 2 020 nbsp Uzbekistan 86 2 033 nbsp Guinea Bissau 87 2 045 nbsp Bangladesh 88 2 051 nbsp Rwanda 88 2 051 nbsp Cote d Ivoire 90 2 053 nbsp Tanzania 91 2 058 nbsp Thailand 92 2 061 nbsp Gabon 93 2 068 nbsp Georgia 94 2 071 nbsp Azerbaijan 95 2 090 nbsp Algeria 96 2 094 nbsp Ecuador 97 2 095 nbsp Papua New Guinea 97 2 095 nbsp Cuba 99 2 103 nbsp Turkmenistan 100 2 107 nbsp Kyrgyz Republic 101 2 110 nbsp Tajikistan 102 2 114 nbsp Guatemala 103 2 130 nbsp Peru 103 2 130 nbsp Togo 103 2 130 nbsp Guyana 106 2 134 nbsp Sri Lanka 107 2 136 nbsp Bahrain 108 2 145 nbsp Eswatini 109 2 168 nbsp Benin 110 2 177 nbsp Lesotho 111 2 191 nbsp Djibouti 112 2 196 nbsp Republic of the Congo 113 2 210 nbsp Mauritania 114 2 228 nbsp Philippines 115 2 229 nbsp Belarus 116 2 248 nbsp Kenya 117 2 254 nbsp Mozambique 118 2 259 nbsp Saudi Arabia 119 2 260 nbsp Honduras 120 2 265 nbsp Egypt 121 2 267 nbsp El Salvador 122 2 279 nbsp Nicaragua 123 2 294 nbsp Zimbabwe 124 2 300 nbsp Uganda 124 2 300 nbsp India 126 2 314 nbsp Guinea 127 2 359 nbsp Burundi 128 2 393 nbsp Haiti 129 2 395 nbsp South Africa 130 2 405 nbsp United States of America 131 2 448 nbsp Brazil 132 2 462 nbsp Eritrea 133 2 505 nbsp Palestine 134 2 538 nbsp Lebanon 135 2 581 nbsp Mexico 136 2 599 nbsp Libya 137 2 605 nbsp Niger 138 2 625 nbsp Cameroon 139 2 660 nbsp Venezuela 140 2 693 nbsp Colombia 140 2 693 nbsp Chad 142 2 699 nbsp Israel 143 2 706 nbsp Nigeria 144 2 713 nbsp Myanmar 145 2 741 nbsp Pakistan 146 2 745 nbsp Turkey 147 2 800 nbsp Iran 147 2 800 nbsp North Korea 149 2 848 nbsp Burkina Faso 150 2 868 nbsp Ethiopia 151 2 872 nbsp Central African Republic 152 2 934 nbsp Mali 153 2 963 nbsp Iraq 154 3 006 nbsp Sudan 155 3 023 nbsp Somalia 156 3 036 nbsp Ukraine 157 3 043 nbsp Russia 158 3 142 nbsp Democratic Republic of the Congo 159 3 214 nbsp South Sudan 160 3 221 nbsp Syria 161 3 294 nbsp Yemen 162 3 350 nbsp Afghanistan 163 3 448Note The GPI s methodology is updated regularly and is improved to reflect the most up to date datasets Each year s GPI report includes a detailed description of the methodology used Also the data is revised periodically and so values from previous years may change accordingly These tables contain the scores and ranking published in the official annual reports for the latest revised data please visit the Interactive world map of the Global Peace Index International response editThe Index has received endorsements as a political project from a number of major international figures including the former Secretary General of the United Nations Kofi Annan former President of Finland and 2008 Nobel Peace Prize laureate Martti Ahtisaari the Dalai Lama Archbishop Desmond Tutu Muhammad Yunus and former United States President Jimmy Carter 7 Steve Killelea A M the Australian philanthropist who conceived the idea of the Index argues that the Index is a wake up call for leaders around the globe 8 The Index has been widely recognized Professor Jeffrey Sachs director of the Earth Institute at Columbia University said The GPI continues its pioneering work in drawing the world s attention to the massive resources we are squandering in violence and conflict The lives and money wasted in wars incarcerations weapons systems weapons trade and more could be directed to ending poverty promoting education and protecting the environment The GPI will not only draw attention to these crucial issues but help us understand them and to invest productively in a more peaceful world 9 Following the release of the 2015 GPI Professor Sir Lawrence Freedman of King s College in London called the Index an extraordinarily useful body of information declaring of its analysis The best indicator of future conflict is past conflict The challenge is how we break that cycle 10 The Economist in publishing the first edition of the index in 2007 admitted The index will run into some flak Specifically according to The Economist the weighting of military expenditure may seem to give heart to freeloaders countries that enjoy peace precisely because others often the USA care for their defence and said the true utility of the index may lie not in its specific current rankings of countries but in how those rankings change over time thus tracking when and how countries become more or less peaceful 11 In 2012 The Economist suggested Quantifying peace is a bit like trying to describe how happiness smells The publication admitted that the GPI has produced some surprising results and argued that part of the appeal of the index is that readers can examine each of the variables in turn and think about how much weight to add to each 12 The Australian National University says that the GPI report presents the latest and most comprehensive global data on trends in peace violence and war and provides the world s best analysis of the statistical factors associated with long term peace as well as economic analysis on the macroeconomic impacts of everyday violence and war on the global economy 13 The GPI has been criticized for not including indicators specifically relating to violence against women and children In 2007 Riane Eisler writing in the Christian Science Monitor argued To put it mildly this blind spot makes the index very inaccurate She mentions a number of specific cases including Egypt where she claims 90 of women are subject to genital mutilation and China where she says female infanticide is still a problem according to a 2000 UNICEF study 14 World leaders talking about the GPI edit During a Peace Forum in August 2017 Honduran President Juan Orlando Hernandez said that receiving such high praise from an institute that once named this country the most violent in the world is extremely significant My administration will keep fighting to protect all Honduran citizens The President has recently launched an initiative to build a series of safe parks across Honduras and hopes to see further improvement reflected in future GPI rankings 15 Malaysia ranked 29th in the 2017 GPI The country s Communications and Multimedia Minister Datuk Seri Salleh Said Keruak said that this ranking along with Malaysia s high place in the 2017 World Happiness Report was proof that the government s efforts have made Malaysia a safe and prosperous country He also admitted there s still much room for improvement to make Malaysia the best among the better countries and that s what we re doing now 16 After the release of the 2016 GPI the Botswanan Office of the President released a proud statement in this year s Index Botswana was ranked as 28 out of 163 countries up 3 places from last year This continues to place Botswana above over half of the European region countries surveyed as well as all five of the Permanent Members of the United Nations Security Council in addition Botswana was one of only five countries to achieve a perfect score in the domestic and international conflict domain 17 Navid Hanif director of the United Nations Office for ECOSOC Support and Coordination said it s intuitive that peace is useful and peacefulness is a reward in itself but the IEP is trying to make the conclusion more evidence based Now that the index covers 99 of the population it has come a long way The report systemically measures peacefulness and identifies the determinants of peace 18 Reacting to the 2017 results of the GPI which ranked the Philippines 138 out of 163 countries mainly because of poor scores in societal safety and security due to President Duterte s war on drugs Philippine Presidential spokesman Ernesto Abella countered We re not entirely sure where the GPI Global Peace Index analyst who apparently is supposed to be a local is really coming from Maybe there s a political slant somewhere based on survey results the net satisfaction of Filipino people is quite high 19 Sierra Leone ranked 39th in the 2017 Global Peace Index Former Chief of Staff and Office of National Security ONS adviser Dr Jonathan PJ Sandy welcomed the 2017 Global Peace Index report released recently which ranked Sierra Leone in first position as the most peaceful country in West Africa and third in the African continent He observed that going by the report itself future elections might be successfully held Presidential Spokesman Abdulai Bayraytay said the favourable Global Peace rating of Sierra Leone would serve as an impetus for the country to do more 20 Media coverage editThe Independent Global Peace Index US Facing New Era of Instability as Middle East Sinks Further into Turmoil An annual global peace index has concluded that US political turmoil had pushed North America into deep instability in 2016 while the Middle East sank deeper into turmoil Despite depicting tumult across continents the 2017 Global Peace Index said the world had overall become more peaceful in the past year when measured against a range of indicators 21 BBC Global Peace Index 2017 World 0 28 more peaceful than last year Levels of peace around the world have improved slightly for the first time since the Syrian war began but harmony has decreased in the US and terrorism records have increased a Sydney based think tank has found 22 Forbes The Global Peace Index which the Institute compiles annually paints a sombre picture The world has become even less peaceful in 2016 continuing a decade long trend of increased violence and strife Published every year since 2008 the Index ranks 163 independent states and territories by their level of peacefulness 3 Forbes The World s Most and Least Peaceful Countries Infographic The 2017 Global Peace Index has found that the world has become a slightly safer place over the past year However the political fallout and deep rooted division brought on by the US presidential election campaign has led to a deterioration of peace levels in North America 23 The Guardian Fraught White House Campaign Blamed as US Bucks Global Trend Towards Peace The divisive nature of Donald Trump s rise to the White House has increased mistrust of the US government and means social problems are likely to become more entrenched said the authors of the annual Global Peace Index in which 163 countries and territories are analysed 24 HuffingtonPost Global Peace Index 2017 Donald Trump Fallout Causes North America To Plummet Down Ranking While the world became a safer place to live overall the 2017 Global Peace Index found disruption caused by the perception of corruption and attacks on media in the US led to its deterioration 25 The Washington Times U S Ranked the 114th Most Peaceful Nation on Earth says Annual Global Ranking The index is produced by the Australia based Institute for Economics and Peace which figures that the impact of strife worldwide is 14 3 trillion News is not all bad though In a nutshell the index found that 93 nations became more peaceful in the last year 68 were less peaceful 26 Business Insider The 12 Safest Countries in the World The think tank Institute for Economics and Peace recently published the Global Peace Index 2017 which reveals the safest as well as the most dangerous countries in the world The report ranked 163 countries based on how peaceful they are The rankings were determined by 23 factors which included homicide rate political terror and deaths from internal conflict 27 Indian news websites ZeeNews HindustanTimes and Jagran Josh The three Indian news agencies described the GPI s ranking system global peace trends highlights from that year s GPI and India s own placement in the GPI The Hindustan Times quoted the GPI and emphasized that violence impacted India s economy by USD 679 80 billion in 2016 9 of India s GDP or USD 525 per person 28 29 30 Philstar Filipino newspaper Among all the 163 countries the Philippines is ranked 138 For perspective India is ranked just one notch above at 137 Despite this low ranking however it has remained relatively stable in this low rank over time a long time Though the raw score has worsened over the previous year the country s rank has not been far off from this rank in previous years Though the point of view of the report deserves respect concerning societal safety another side of the story needs more hearing internationally 31 World Economic Forum These are the Most Peaceful Countries in the World The Global Peace Index ranks 163 countries according to their domestic and international conflicts safety and security and degree of militarization It found 93 had improved while 68 had deteriorated and overall peace levels had inched up 0 28 32 Academic references editThe International Journal of Press Politics Social Media and the Arab Spring Politics comes first This article utilized the findings of the 2010 GPI to construct a human rights index which was used in their overall study on the use of social media in political uprisings and in the Arab Spring context in particular 33 Contemporary Security Policy Failed states and international order constructing a post Westphalian world The Global Peace Index along with four other global indices is used in this study s ranking of state failure Although this index focuses primarily on trends of armed conflict and violence it is relevant to state weakness and failure as the indicators measured for the assessment of peace in this context are also indicative of state capacity 34 Biological Reviews Does Infectious Disease cause Global Variation in the Frequency of Intrastate Armed Conflict and Civil War This study used the 2008 Global Peace Index to build what they call a path analysis in which they sought to uncover whether infectious disease causes the emergence of a collectivist culture 35 Political Research Quarterly Measuring the Rule of Law This article attempts to measure the rule of law and in doing so correlated the rule of law indices with a measure of violent crime for 2007 included in the Global Peace Index 36 Applied Energy The Analysis of Security Cost for Different Energy Sources This study utilized the Global Peace Index in calculating a disruption probability from geopolitical instability with the overall aim of analysing security costs for different sources of energy 37 International Political Science Review Measuring Effective Democracy A Defence In the construction of an effective democracy index EDI the authors built a table that includes 2008 GPI scores as a dependent variable in a regression analysis of economic development and various indices of democracy 38 Institute for Security Studies African Futures 2050 The Next Forty Years The African human security research institution utilized the findings of the Global Peace Index of 2010 to emphasize trends in drug crime and violence on the African continent 39 40 Nature Communications Global Priorities for an Effective Information Basis of Biodiversity Distributions In their article about insufficient digital accessible information about ecosystems and biodiversity the authors utilized the GPI to model the effects of secure conditions based on the index as a measure of political stability armed conflict and public safety levels 41 Nordic Journal of Religion and Society Why are Danes and Swedes so Irreligious This article uses the Global Peace Index and its very high rankings of Denmark 3rd in 2008 and Sweden 13th in 2008 to support claims that the countries lack of religiosity can be linked to prosperous societal structures 42 Food Security Tracking phosphorus security indicators of phosphorus vulnerability in the global food system Along with eleven other indicators the GPI was used as a measure of political instability for the development of a utilized in the development of a phosphorus vulnerability analysis aimed at formulating food production methods and government policy 43 World Politics The System Worked Global Economic Governance During the Great Recession Drezner uses GPI measurements particularly the fact that interstate violence and military expenditures have decreased in the years studied to bolster an argument suggesting that the Great Recession has not led to an increase in global violence and conflict 44 Journal of Sustainable Development Studies Insecurity and Socio economic Development in Nigeria This sustainable development study utilized the GPI in conjunction with the Human Development Index and the Corruption Perception Index to track fluctuations in Nigeria s socio economic climate and insecurity issues over the past decade 45 Harvard Educational Review Peace Education in a Violent Culture In criticizing the United States culture of violence the author refers to the developed country s remarkably low ranking on the Global Peace Index as evidence of violence s effect on societal peacefulness 46 International Security The Heart of the Matter The Security of Women and the Security of States In this piece the authors use the Global Peace Index as one of three measures of state security the GPI is specifically used as a general measure of state peacefulness The report concludes that higher levels of women s physical security correlates positively with the GPI 47 The Equal Rights Review The Mental Health Gap in South Africa A Human Rights Issue South Africa s poor GPI ranking among other measures is cited by the authors as part of their overall argument that the national government is not implementing promises made towards the achievement of equality as signatories of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities CRPD 48 Environment Development and Sustainability Creating a Values Chain for Sustainable Development in Developing Nations Where Maslow meets Porter This study uses the safety and security measures of the GPI including political instability level of violent crime and likelihood of violent demonstrations for supporting an argument that renders societal safety and security necessary for sustainable development 49 See also edit nbsp World portalGlobal Militarisation Index Global Terrorism Index Human Development Index Institute for Economics and Peace Steve Killelea United Kingdom Peace Index United States Peace Index World Happiness Report World peaceNotes edit In this case a conflict is defined as a contested incompatibility that concerns government and or territory where the use of armed force between two parties of which at least one is the government of a state results in at least 25 battle related deaths in a year Excludes militia and national guard forces This includes cash outlays of central or federal government to meet the costs of national armed forces including strategic land naval air command administration and support forces as well as paramilitary forces customs forces and border guards if these are trained and equipped as a military force This includes transfers purchases or gifts of aircraft armoured vehicles artillery radar systems missiles ships engines Rates the destructive capability of a country s stock of heavy weapons via a categorized system As of 2013 countries with nuclear capabilities receive a score of five the highest possible score References edit Global Peace Index Map The Most amp Least Peaceful Countries Vision of Humanity June 2023 Retrieved 2023 07 02 Institute for Economics amp Peace Global Peace Index 2017 PDF visionofhumanity org Archived from the original PDF on 2019 04 01 Retrieved 2017 11 27 a b Wang Monica The World s Most And Least Peaceful Countries In 2016 Forbes Retrieved 2017 11 26 a b c Global Peace Index 2023 PDF Institute for Economics amp Peace June 2023 Retrieved 2 July 2023 Information about indicators and methodology 2013 Global Peace Index PDF Institute for Economics and Peace Archived from the original PDF on 2013 12 10 Retrieved 2013 06 24 Institute for Economics and Peace Global Peace Index Report Methodology pg 113 136 PDF Visionofhumanity org Archived from the original PDF on 2019 04 01 Retrieved 2017 11 27 Endorsers for GPI Vision of Humanity Retrieved 2013 08 16 Norway rated most peaceful nation 2007 05 30 Retrieved 2017 11 27 Global Peace Index World Less Peaceful in 2010 Report Violence Impacting Global Economy 7 Trillion Annually Phil s Stock World Retrieved 2017 11 27 King s College London 2015 Global Peace Index an increasingly divided world www kcl ac uk Archived from the original on 2018 09 14 Retrieved 2017 11 27 Give peace a rating The Economist 2007 05 31 ISSN 0013 0613 Retrieved 2017 11 27 Give peace a score The Economist Retrieved 2017 11 27 Giving peace a chance 2017 Global Peace Index ANU 2017 06 09 Retrieved 2017 11 27 Dark underbelly of the world s most peaceful countries Christian Science Monitor 2007 07 26 ISSN 0882 7729 Retrieved 2017 11 27 Honduras Republic of Honduras Peace Forum Marks National Progress in Crime Prevention www prnewswire com Press release Retrieved 2017 11 27 2017 Global Peace Index and World Happiness Report shows Opposition leaders were wrong NST Online 2017 07 05 Retrieved 2017 11 27 2016 Global Peace Index released Botswana moves up 3 places still ranked among the world s most peaceful nations Embassy of the Republic of Botswana botswana brussels com Retrieved 2017 11 27 Global Peace Index Nine trillion reasons to pursue peace UN DESA United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs www un org Retrieved 2017 11 27 Romero A Palace Disputes Peace Index Report Retrieved 2017 11 27 via PressReader JPJ Sandy Praises Global Peace Index Report Sierra Leone Concord Times Retrieved 2017 11 27 Last year there were 10 countries in the world entirely free from war This year it s just four This is the troubling reason why The Independent 2017 06 01 Retrieved 2017 11 27 World now 0 28 more peaceful research BBC News 2017 06 01 Retrieved 2017 11 27 McCarthy Niall The World s Most and Least Peaceful Countries Infographic Forbes Retrieved 2017 11 27 McVeigh Karen 2017 06 01 Fraught White House campaign blamed as US bucks global trend towards peace The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved 2017 11 27 US Became Less Peaceful After Donald Trump s Election Influential Study Finds HuffPost UK 2017 06 01 Retrieved 2017 11 27 U S ranked the 114th most peaceful nation on earth says annual global ranking The Washington Times Retrieved 2017 11 27 The 12 safest countries in the world Business Insider Retrieved 2017 11 27 India ranks 137th in Global Peace Index 2017 Bhutan most peaceful in South Asia Zee News 2017 06 17 Retrieved 2017 11 27 India ranked 141 in global peace index Syria least peaceful hindustantimes com 2016 06 08 Retrieved 2017 11 27 Rapaka K IEP released the 2016 Global Peace Index India ranks 141 Jagranjosh com Retrieved 2017 11 27 Sicat Gerardo P The Global Peace Index philstar com Retrieved 2017 11 27 Edmond C These are the most peaceful countries in the world World Economic Forum Retrieved 2017 11 27 Wolfsfeld Gadi Segev Elad Sheafer Tamir 2013 01 16 Social Media and the Arab Spring The International Journal of Press Politics 18 2 115 137 doi 10 1177 1940161212471716 S2CID 5485225 Newman E 2009 Failed States and International Order Constructing a Post Westphalian World Contemporary Security Policy 30 3 421 443 doi 10 1080 13523260903326479 S2CID 17426629 Letendre Kenneth Fincher Corey L Thornhill Randy 2010 08 01 Does infectious disease cause global variation in the frequency of intrastate armed conflict and civil war Biological Reviews 85 3 669 683 doi 10 1111 j 1469 185X 2010 00133 x ISSN 1469 185X PMID 20377573 S2CID 32272148 Skaaning Svend Erik 2009 09 22 Measuring the Rule of Law Political Research Quarterly 63 2 449 460 doi 10 1177 1065912909346745 S2CID 154468332 Jun Eunju Kim Wonjoon Chang Soon Heung 2009 The analysis of security cost for different energy sources Applied Energy 86 10 1894 1901 doi 10 1016 j apenergy 2008 11 028 Alexander Amy C Inglehart Ronald Welzel Christian 2011 11 30 Measuring effective democracy A defense International Political Science Review 33 1 41 62 doi 10 1177 0192512111414682 S2CID 33166963 Cilliers J Hughes B Moyer J 2011 African Futures 2050 The Next Forty Years PDF Institute for Security Studies UNFPA United Nations Population Fund 2016 Best friends save women s lives in war weary Central African Republic www unfpa org Retrieved 2017 11 27 Meyer Carsten Kreft Holger Guralnick Robert Jetz Walter 2015 09 08 Global priorities for an effective information basis of biodiversity distributions Nature Communications 6 8221 Bibcode 2015NatCo 6 8221M doi 10 1038 ncomms9221 PMC 4569846 PMID 26348291 Zuckerman P 2009 Why Are Danes and Swedes So Irreligious Nordic Journal of Religion and Society 22 55 69 doi 10 18261 ISSN1890 7008 2009 01 04 Cordell Dana White Stuart 2015 04 01 Tracking phosphorus security indicators of phosphorus vulnerability in the global food system Food Security 7 2 337 350 doi 10 1007 s12571 015 0442 0 ISSN 1876 4517 S2CID 14376922 Drezner Daniel W January 2014 The System Worked Global Economic Governance during the Great Recession World Politics 66 1 123 164 doi 10 1017 S0043887113000348 ISSN 0043 8871 S2CID 154826779 Olukayide Ewetan O Urhie E 2014 Insecurity and Socio Economic Development in Nigeria PDF Journal of Sustainable Development in Nigeria 5 40 63 Harris Ian M 2007 Peace Education in a Violent Culture Harvard Educational Review 77 3 1 5 doi 10 17763 haer 77 3 d47x861h55705715 Hudson V M et al 2009 The Heart of the Matter The Security of Women and the Security of States International Security 33 3 7 45 doi 10 1162 isec 2009 33 3 7 S2CID 9317559 Burns J K 2011 The Mental Health Gap in South Africa A Human Rights Issue PDF The Equal Rights Review 6 99 113 Walsh Philip R 2011 08 01 Creating a values chain for sustainable development in developing nations where Maslow meets Porter Environment Development and Sustainability 13 4 789 805 doi 10 1007 s10668 011 9291 y ISSN 1387 585X S2CID 154931308 External links editVision of Humanity Global Peace Index Site Institute for Economics and Peace Interactive world map of the Global Peace Index Integrated Research Steve Killelea is the founder of technology company Integrated Research Uppsala Conflict Data Program an organized violence database Global Peace Index 2013 The Full List List of safest countries by Global Peace Index Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Global Peace Index 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