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International Organization for Migration

July 06, 2023

The International Organization for Migration (IOM) is a United Nations agency that provides services and advice concerning migration to governments and migrants, including internally displaced persons, refugees, and migrant workers.

International Organization for Migration
Formation6 December 1951; 71 years ago (1951-12-06)
TypeUN Agency
HeadquartersGeneva, Switzerland
Membership (2023)
175 member states and 8 observer states
Official languages
English, French and Spanish
Director General
António Vitorino
Revenue (2021)
US$2.5 billion
Staff (2021)
17,761
Websitewww.iom.int

The IOM was established in 1951 as the Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration (ICEM) to help resettle people displaced by World War II. It became a United Nations agency in 2016.[1]

The IOM is the principal UN agency working in the field of migration. The IOM promotes humane and orderly migration by providing services and advice to governments and migrants.

The IOM works in the four broad areas of migration management: migration and development, facilitating migration, regulating migration, and addressing forced migration.

History

The IOM was born in 1951 out of the chaos and displacement of Western Europe following the Second World War. It was first known as the Provisional Intergovernmental Committee for the Movement of Migrants from Europe (PICMME). Mandated to help European governments to identify resettlement countries for the estimated 11 million people uprooted by the war, PICMME arranged transport for nearly a million migrants during the 1950s.

The Constitution of the International Organization for Migration was concluded on 19 October 1953 in Venice as the Constitution of the Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration. The Constitution entered into force on 30 November 1954 and the organization was formally established.

The organization underwent a succession of name changes from PICMME to the Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration (ICEM) in 1952, to the Intergovernmental Committee for Migration (ICM) in 1980, and finally, to its current name, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) in 1989; these changes reflect the organization's transition over half a century from an operational agency to a migration agency.

While the IOM's history tracks the man-made and natural disasters of the past half century—Hungary 1956, Czechoslovakia 1968, Chile 1973, the Vietnamese Boat People 1975, Kuwait 1990, Kosovo and Timor 1999, and the Asian tsunami, the 2003 invasion of Iraq, the Pakistan earthquake of 2004/2005, the 2010 Haiti earthquake, and the ongoing European migrant crisis—its credo that humane and orderly migration benefits migrants and society has steadily gained international acceptance.

From its roots as an operational logistics agency, the IOM has broadened its scope to become the leading international agency working with governments and civil societies to advance the understanding of migration issues, encourage social and economic development through migration, and uphold the human dignity and well-being of migrants.

The broader scope of activities has been matched by rapid expansion from a relatively small agency into one with an annual operating budget of US$1.8 billion and some 11,500 staff[2] working in over 150 countries worldwide.

As the "UN migration agency", the IOM has become a main point of reference in the heated global debate on the social, economic and political implications of migration in the 21st century.[3]

The IOM became a related organization of the United Nations in September 2016.[1]

The IOM supported the creation of the Global Compact for Migration, the first-ever intergovernmental agreement on international migration which was adopted in Marrakech, Morocco, in December 2018.[4] To support the implementation, follow-up and review of the Global Compact on Migration, The UN Secretary-General, António Guterres, established the UN Network on Migration. The secretariat of the UN Network on Migration is housed at the IOM and the Director General of the IOM, António Vitorino, serves as the Network Coordinator.[5]

Activities

The IOM works to help ensure the orderly and humane management of migration, to promote international cooperation on migration issues, to assist in the search for practical solutions to migration problems and to provide humanitarian assistance to migrants in need, be they refugees, displaced persons or other uprooted people.

The IOM Constitution gives explicit recognition to the link between migration and economic, social and cultural development.[6][7]

The IOM works in the four broad areas of migration management: migration and development, facilitating migration, regulating migration, and addressing forced migration. Cross-cutting activities include the promotion of international migration law, policy debate and guidance, protection of migrants’ rights, migration health and the gender dimension of migration.

In addition, the IOM has often organized elections for refugees out of their home country, as was the case in the 2004 Afghan elections and the 2005 Iraqi elections.

For the 2009 EU-Anti-Trafficking Day, the Geneva Headquarters launched the Buy Responsibly awareness raising campaign to counter human trafficking. A year later, the campaign was introduced in the Netherlands and Austria, among other countries.[8][9]

IOM X

IOM X is a campaign operated by the International Organization for Migration in Bangkok that encourages safe migration and prevents exploitation and human trafficking in the Asia Pacific region.[10][11] The campaign addresses issues related to exploitation and human trafficking, such as protecting men enslaved in the Thai fishing industry,[12] the use of technology to identify and combat human trafficking,[13] and end the sexual exploitation of children.[14]

2003 Amnesty and Human Rights Watch

In 2003, both Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch were critical of the IOM's role in the Australian government's "Pacific Solution" of transferring asylum seekers to offshore detention centres.[15][16] Human Rights Watch criticized the IOM for operating Manus Regional Processing Centre and the processing centre on Nauru despite not having a refugee protection mandate.[15] Human Rights Watch criticized the IOM for being part of "arbitrary detention" and for denying asylum seekers access to legal advice.[15] Human Rights Watch urged the IOM to cease operation the process centres, which it stated were "detention centres" and to hand management of the centres to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.[15]

Amnesty International expressed concern that the IOM undertook actions on behalf of governments that negatively impacted the human rights of asylum seekers, refugees and migrants.[16] Amnesty International cited an example of fourteen Kurds in Indonesia who were expelled from Australian waters by Australian authorities and relocated to Indonesia.[16] Amnesty International requested an assurance that the IOM will abide by the principle of non-refoulement.[17]

2022 Refugee Council of Australia

Main article: Refugees in Indonesia

In 2022, the role that the IOM played in housing refugees in Indonesia was described by the Refugee Council of Australia as presenting a "humanitarian veneer while carrying out rights-violating activities on behalf of Western nations” by researchers Asher Hirsch and Cameron Doig in The Globe and Mail.[18]

The community housing that the IOM operated, using Australian government funding, was described by the Refugee Council of Australia "inhumane conditions, solitary confinement, lack of basic essentials and medical care, physical and sexual abuse, and severe overcrowding".[18] Rohingya John Joniad described the housing as an "open prison".[18]

Member states

 
Member states of the IOM:
 member
 observer
 non-members

As of 2023, the International Organization for Migration has 175 member states and 8 observer states.[19] Member states:

Observer States:

Non-Member States:

See also

Bibliography

  • Andrijasevic, Rutvica; Walters, William (2010): The International Organization for Migration and the international government of borders. In Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 28 (6), pp. 977–999.
  • Georgi, Fabian; Schatral, Susanne (2017): Towards a Critical Theory of Migration Control. The Case of the International Organization for Migration (IOM). In Martin Geiger, Antoine Pécoud (Eds.): International organisations and the politics of migration: Routledge, pp. 193–221.
  • Koch, Anne (2014): The Politics and Discourse of Migrant Return: The Role of UNHCR and IOM in the Governance of Return. In Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 40 (6), pp. 905–923. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2013.855073.

References

  1. ^ a b Megan Bradley (2017). "The International Organization for Migration (IOM): Gaining Power in the Forced Migration Regime". Refuge: Canada's Journal on Refugees. 33 (1): 97. doi:10.25071/1920-7336.40452.
  2. ^ "109th Session of the Council, Report of the Director General" (PDF). GoverningBodies.iom.int. 30 November 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
  3. ^ "History". International Organization for Migration. 30 September 2014. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
  4. ^ "GCM Development Process". www.iom.int. International Organization for Migration. 9 April 2018. Retrieved 13 May 2019.
  5. ^ "Global Compact for Migration | International Organization for Migration". unofficeny.iom.int. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
  6. ^ "Constitution". International Organization for Migration. 8 January 2015. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
  7. ^ United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), "Migration and Development: A Global Overview," 2009
  8. ^ "IOM's Buy Responsibly Campaign Arrives in the Netherlands". International Organization for Migration. Retrieved 20 December 2022.
  9. ^ "Buy Responsibly Campaign | IOM Austria". austria.iom.int. Retrieved 20 December 2022.
  10. ^ "'Prisana' Film Aims to Raise Youth Awareness of Human Trafficking". Voice of America. Reuters. 16 September 2015. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
  11. ^ "Gender equality and female empowerment". ReliefWeb. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
  12. ^ Hale, Erin (28 September 2016). "Tackling Asia's Human Trafficking with Facebook, WhatsApp and LINE". Forbes. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
  13. ^ "Vulcan Post". 21 December 2015. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
  14. ^ Hale, Erin (22 September 2016). "Philippine Cybersex 'Dens' are Making it Too Easy to Exploit Children". Forbes. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
  15. ^ a b c d "The International Organization for Migration (IOM) and Human Rights Protection in the Field: Current Concerns (Submitted by Human Rights Watch, IOM Governing Council Meeting, 86th Session, November 18–21, 2003, Geneva)". www.hrw.org. Retrieved 25 October 2019.
  16. ^ a b c "Amnesty International statement to the 86th Session of the Council of the International Organization for Migration (IOM)". Amnesty International. Retrieved 7 January 2022.
  17. ^ Amnesty International (20 November 2003). "Statement to the 86th Session of the Council of the International Organization for Migration (IOM)" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 25 October 2019.
  18. ^ a b c Griffiths, James (19 January 2022). "Trapped in Indonesia, Rohingya struggle to get by as laws block their path to asylum elsewhere". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  19. ^ "Members and Observers" (PDF). International Organization for Migration. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 3 January 2019.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to International Organization for Migration.
  • Official website  

July 06, 2023
international, organization, migration, united, nations, agency, that, provides, services, advice, concerning, migration, governments, migrants, including, internally, displaced, persons, refugees, migrant, workers, formation6, december, 1951, years, 1951, typ. The International Organization for Migration IOM is a United Nations agency that provides services and advice concerning migration to governments and migrants including internally displaced persons refugees and migrant workers International Organization for MigrationFormation6 December 1951 71 years ago 1951 12 06 TypeUN AgencyHeadquartersGeneva SwitzerlandMembership 2023 175 member states and 8 observer statesOfficial languagesEnglish French and SpanishDirector GeneralAntonio VitorinoRevenue 2021 US 2 5 billionStaff 2021 17 761Websitewww wbr iom wbr intThis article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources International Organization for Migration news newspapers books scholar JSTOR May 2010 Learn how and when to remove this template message The IOM was established in 1951 as the Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration ICEM to help resettle people displaced by World War II It became a United Nations agency in 2016 1 The IOM is the principal UN agency working in the field of migration The IOM promotes humane and orderly migration by providing services and advice to governments and migrants The IOM works in the four broad areas of migration management migration and development facilitating migration regulating migration and addressing forced migration Contents 1 History 2 Activities 2 1 IOM X 2 2 2003 Amnesty and Human Rights Watch 2 3 2022 Refugee Council of Australia 3 Member states 4 See also 5 Bibliography 6 References 7 External linksHistory EditThe IOM was born in 1951 out of the chaos and displacement of Western Europe following the Second World War It was first known as the Provisional Intergovernmental Committee for the Movement of Migrants from Europe PICMME Mandated to help European governments to identify resettlement countries for the estimated 11 million people uprooted by the war PICMME arranged transport for nearly a million migrants during the 1950s The Constitution of the International Organization for Migration was concluded on 19 October 1953 in Venice as the Constitution of the Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration The Constitution entered into force on 30 November 1954 and the organization was formally established The organization underwent a succession of name changes from PICMME to the Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration ICEM in 1952 to the Intergovernmental Committee for Migration ICM in 1980 and finally to its current name the International Organization for Migration IOM in 1989 these changes reflect the organization s transition over half a century from an operational agency to a migration agency While the IOM s history tracks the man made and natural disasters of the past half century Hungary 1956 Czechoslovakia 1968 Chile 1973 the Vietnamese Boat People 1975 Kuwait 1990 Kosovo and Timor 1999 and the Asian tsunami the 2003 invasion of Iraq the Pakistan earthquake of 2004 2005 the 2010 Haiti earthquake and the ongoing European migrant crisis its credo that humane and orderly migration benefits migrants and society has steadily gained international acceptance From its roots as an operational logistics agency the IOM has broadened its scope to become the leading international agency working with governments and civil societies to advance the understanding of migration issues encourage social and economic development through migration and uphold the human dignity and well being of migrants The broader scope of activities has been matched by rapid expansion from a relatively small agency into one with an annual operating budget of US 1 8 billion and some 11 500 staff 2 working in over 150 countries worldwide As the UN migration agency the IOM has become a main point of reference in the heated global debate on the social economic and political implications of migration in the 21st century 3 The IOM became a related organization of the United Nations in September 2016 1 The IOM supported the creation of the Global Compact for Migration the first ever intergovernmental agreement on international migration which was adopted in Marrakech Morocco in December 2018 4 To support the implementation follow up and review of the Global Compact on Migration The UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres established the UN Network on Migration The secretariat of the UN Network on Migration is housed at the IOM and the Director General of the IOM Antonio Vitorino serves as the Network Coordinator 5 Activities EditThe IOM works to help ensure the orderly and humane management of migration to promote international cooperation on migration issues to assist in the search for practical solutions to migration problems and to provide humanitarian assistance to migrants in need be they refugees displaced persons or other uprooted people The IOM Constitution gives explicit recognition to the link between migration and economic social and cultural development 6 7 The IOM works in the four broad areas of migration management migration and development facilitating migration regulating migration and addressing forced migration Cross cutting activities include the promotion of international migration law policy debate and guidance protection of migrants rights migration health and the gender dimension of migration In addition the IOM has often organized elections for refugees out of their home country as was the case in the 2004 Afghan elections and the 2005 Iraqi elections For the 2009 EU Anti Trafficking Day the Geneva Headquarters launched the Buy Responsibly awareness raising campaign to counter human trafficking A year later the campaign was introduced in the Netherlands and Austria among other countries 8 9 IOM X Edit IOM X is a campaign operated by the International Organization for Migration in Bangkok that encourages safe migration and prevents exploitation and human trafficking in the Asia Pacific region 10 11 The campaign addresses issues related to exploitation and human trafficking such as protecting men enslaved in the Thai fishing industry 12 the use of technology to identify and combat human trafficking 13 and end the sexual exploitation of children 14 2003 Amnesty and Human Rights Watch Edit In 2003 both Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch were critical of the IOM s role in the Australian government s Pacific Solution of transferring asylum seekers to offshore detention centres 15 16 Human Rights Watch criticized the IOM for operating Manus Regional Processing Centre and the processing centre on Nauru despite not having a refugee protection mandate 15 Human Rights Watch criticized the IOM for being part of arbitrary detention and for denying asylum seekers access to legal advice 15 Human Rights Watch urged the IOM to cease operation the process centres which it stated were detention centres and to hand management of the centres to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 15 Amnesty International expressed concern that the IOM undertook actions on behalf of governments that negatively impacted the human rights of asylum seekers refugees and migrants 16 Amnesty International cited an example of fourteen Kurds in Indonesia who were expelled from Australian waters by Australian authorities and relocated to Indonesia 16 Amnesty International requested an assurance that the IOM will abide by the principle of non refoulement 17 2022 Refugee Council of Australia Edit Main article Refugees in Indonesia In 2022 the role that the IOM played in housing refugees in Indonesia was described by the Refugee Council of Australia as presenting a humanitarian veneer while carrying out rights violating activities on behalf of Western nations by researchers Asher Hirsch and Cameron Doig in The Globe and Mail 18 The community housing that the IOM operated using Australian government funding was described by the Refugee Council of Australia inhumane conditions solitary confinement lack of basic essentials and medical care physical and sexual abuse and severe overcrowding 18 Rohingya John Joniad described the housing as an open prison 18 Member states Edit Member states of the IOM member observer non membersAs of 2023 the International Organization for Migration has 175 member states and 8 observer states 19 Member states Afghanistan Albania Algeria Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cabo Verde Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Cote d Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Eritrea Estonia Eswatini Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea Bissau Guyana Haiti Holy See Honduras Hungary Iceland India Iran Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People s Democratic Republic Latvia Lesotho Liberia Libya Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Norway Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal South Korea Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa Sao Tome and Principe Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Sudan Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Tajikistan Thailand Timor Leste Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania United States Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe Observer States Bahrain Bhutan Indonesia Kuwait Malaysia Qatar San Marino Saudi Arabia Non Member States Brunei Equatorial Guinea Hong Kong Iraq Lebanon Macau Oman Singapore Syria Taiwan United Arab EmiratesSee also EditBibi Duaij Al Jaber Al Sabah the IOM Goodwill Ambassador for Kuwait United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNHCR also based like the IOM in Geneva Bibliography EditAndrijasevic Rutvica Walters William 2010 The International Organization for Migration and the international government of borders In Environment and Planning D Society and Space 28 6 pp 977 999 Georgi Fabian Schatral Susanne 2017 Towards a Critical Theory of Migration Control The Case of the International Organization for Migration IOM In Martin Geiger Antoine Pecoud Eds International organisations and the politics of migration Routledge pp 193 221 Koch Anne 2014 The Politics and Discourse of Migrant Return The Role of UNHCR and IOM in the Governance of Return In Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 40 6 pp 905 923 doi 10 1080 1369183X 2013 855073 References Edit a b Megan Bradley 2017 The International Organization for Migration IOM Gaining Power in the Forced Migration Regime Refuge Canada s Journal on Refugees 33 1 97 doi 10 25071 1920 7336 40452 109th Session of the Council Report of the Director General PDF GoverningBodies iom int 30 November 2018 Archived PDF from the original on 9 October 2022 Retrieved 3 January 2019 History International Organization for Migration 30 September 2014 Retrieved 3 January 2019 GCM Development Process www iom int International Organization for Migration 9 April 2018 Retrieved 13 May 2019 Global Compact for Migration International Organization for Migration unofficeny iom int Retrieved 24 November 2019 Constitution International Organization for Migration 8 January 2015 Retrieved 3 January 2019 United Nations Development Programme UNDP Migration and Development A Global Overview 2009 IOM s Buy Responsibly Campaign Arrives in the Netherlands International Organization for Migration Retrieved 20 December 2022 Buy Responsibly Campaign IOM Austria austria iom int Retrieved 20 December 2022 Prisana Film Aims to Raise Youth Awareness of Human Trafficking Voice of America Reuters 16 September 2015 Retrieved 3 January 2019 Gender equality and female empowerment ReliefWeb Retrieved 3 January 2019 Hale Erin 28 September 2016 Tackling Asia s Human Trafficking with Facebook WhatsApp and LINE Forbes Retrieved 3 January 2019 Vulcan Post 21 December 2015 Retrieved 3 January 2019 Hale Erin 22 September 2016 Philippine Cybersex Dens are Making it Too Easy to Exploit Children Forbes Retrieved 3 January 2019 a b c d The International Organization for Migration IOM and Human Rights Protection in the Field Current Concerns Submitted by Human Rights Watch IOM Governing Council Meeting 86th Session November 18 21 2003 Geneva www hrw org Retrieved 25 October 2019 a b c Amnesty International statement to the 86th Session of the Council of the International Organization for Migration IOM Amnesty International Retrieved 7 January 2022 Amnesty International 20 November 2003 Statement to the 86th Session of the Council of the International Organization for Migration IOM PDF Archived PDF from the original on 9 October 2022 Retrieved 25 October 2019 a b c Griffiths James 19 January 2022 Trapped in Indonesia Rohingya struggle to get by as laws block their path to asylum elsewhere The Globe and Mail Retrieved 19 January 2022 Members and Observers PDF International Organization for Migration Archived PDF from the original on 9 October 2022 Retrieved 3 January 2019 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to International Organization for Migration Official website Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title International Organization for Migration amp oldid 1154960880, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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