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Quito

Quito (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkito] (listen); Quechua: Kitu), formally San Francisco de Quito, is the capital and largest city of Ecuador, with an estimated population of 2.8 million in its urban area. It is also the capital of the province of Pichincha. Quito is located in a valley on the eastern slopes of Pichincha,[2] an active stratovolcano in the Andes, at an elevation of 2,850 m (9,350 ft), making it the second-highest capital city in the world.[3]

Quito
San Francisco de Quito
Clockwise from top: La Ronda street, Church of the Society of Jesus, El Panecillo as seen from Northern Quito, Carondelet Palace, Central-Northern Quito, La Carolina Park and Church and Convent of St. Francis
Nicknames: 
Carita de Dios (God's Face), Mitad del Mundo (Middle of the World), Luz de América (Light of America)
Quito
Location of Quito within Ecuador
Quito
Quito (South America)
Coordinates: 00°13′12″S 78°30′45″W / 0.22000°S 78.51250°W / -0.22000; -78.51250
CountryEcuador
ProvincePichincha
CantonMetropolitan District of Quito
Spanish foundation(1534-12-06)6 December 1534
Founded bySebastián de Benalcázar
Named forQuitu
Urban parishes32 urban parishes
Government
 • TypeMayor and council
 • Governing bodyMunicipality of Quito
 • MayorSantiago Guarderas
 • Vice mayorBrith Vaca
Area
(approx.)
 • Capital city372.39 km2 (143.78 sq mi)
 • Metro
4,217.95 km2 (1,628.56 sq mi)
Elevation
2,850 m (9,350 ft)
Population
 (2020)
 • Capital city2,800,388
 • Density7,500/km2 (19,000/sq mi)
 • Metro
3,156,182
 • Metro density750/km2 (1,900/sq mi)
 • Demonym
Quiteño[1]
Time zoneUTC−5 (ECT)
Postal code
EC170150
Area code(0)2
LanguagesSpanish
ClimateCfb
WebsiteMunicipality of Quito
Official nameCity of Quito
TypeCultural
Criteriaii, iv
Designated1978 (2nd session)
Reference no.2
RegionLatin America and the Caribbean

Quito is the political and cultural center of Ecuador as the country's major governmental, administrative, and cultural institutions are located within the city. The majority of transnational companies with a presence in Ecuador are headquartered there. It is also one of the country's two major industrial centers—the port city of Guayaquil being the other one.

The date of its first habitation is unknown, but archaeological evidence suggests that it was first settled by sedentary populations between 4400 and 1600 BC.[4] In the late fifteenth century, the Inca Emperor Huayna Capac defeated the Quitu, the region's original inhabitants, and incorporated Quito into the Inca Empire, designating it into the capital of the Inca Empire's northern region. The Spanish conquest of the city in 1534 is the date most frequently cited as the city's official founding, making Quito the oldest capital in South America.

Quito's historic center is among the largest and best-preserved in the Americas.[5] In 1978, Quito and Kraków were the first World Cultural Heritage Sites declared by UNESCO.[5] Quito is the capital city closest to the Equator, with its northern limits ending about 1 km (0.62 miles) south of the line.

In 2008, the city was designated as the headquarters of the Union of South American Nations.[6]

History

Pre-Columbian period

The oldest traces of human presence in Quito were excavated by American archeologist Robert E. Bell in 1960, on the slopes of the Ilaló volcano, located between the eastern valleys of Los Chillos and Tumbaco. Hunter-gatherers left tools of obsidian glass, dated to 8000 BC. This archeological site, called EI Inga, was brought to Robert Bell's attention by Allen Graffham. While employed as a geologist in Ecuador, Graffham pursued his amateur interest in archeology. He made surface collections at the site during 1956.[7] The discovery of projectile points, particularly specimens with basal fluting, stimulated his interest, and he made several visits to the site to collect surface materials. Graffham's previous interest in Paleo-Indian remains, and his experience with early human-made materials in Kansas and Nebraska in the Central Plains of the United States, led him to believe that the site was an important discovery.[7]

The second important vestige of human settlement was found in the current neighborhood of Cotocollao (1500 BC), northwest of Quito. The prehistoric village covered over 26 hectares in an area irrigated by many creeks. Near the ancient rectangular houses, there are burials with pottery and stone offerings. The Cotocollao people extracted and exported obsidian to the coastal region.[8]

Early colonial priests and historians wrote about the Quitu people and a Kingdom of Quito. Their accounts said that another people, known as the Cara or the Schyris, came from the coast and took over the region by AD 890. On what is sometimes called the Cara-Quitu kingdom, they ruled until the Inca took over the territory in the 15th century. Quitu descendants survived in the city even after the Spanish conquest.

But by the 20th century, some prominent historians who began more academic studies, doubted accounts of the Quitu-Cara kingdom. Little archeological evidence had been found of any monuments or artifacts from it. They began to think it was a legendary pre-Hispanic account of the highlands.

In the early 21st century, there were spectacular new finds of 20-meter deep tombs in the La Florida neighborhood of Quito. Dating to AD 800 they provide evidence of the high quality of craftsmanship among the Quitu, and of the elaborate and complex character of their funerary rites. In 2010 the Museo de Sitio La Florida opened to preserve some of the artifacts from the tombs and explain this complex culture.[9]

Colonial period

 
Artwork that shows a far view of the city. Mid-18th century.

Inca indigenous resistance to Spanish colonization continued during 1534. The conquistador Diego de Almagro founded Santiago de Quito (in present-day Colta, near Riobamba) on 15 August 1534, renamed as San Francisco de Quito on 28 August 1534. The city was later refounded at its present location on 6 December 1534 by 204 settlers led by Sebastián de Benalcázar, who captured leader Rumiñahui, effectively ending all organized resistance.[10] Rumiñahui was executed on 10 January 1535.

On 28 March 1541 Quito was declared a city, and on 23 February 1556 it was given the title Muy Noble y Muy Leal Ciudad de San Francisco de Quito ("Very Noble and Loyal City of San Francisco of Quito"), marking the start of its next phase of urban development. In 1563 Quito became the seat of a Real Audiencia (administrative district) of Spain. It was classified as part of the Viceroyalty of Peru until 1717, after which the Audiencia was part of the new Viceroyalty of Nueva Granada. Under both Viceroyalties, the district was administered from Quito, (see Real Audiencia de Quito).

 
Map of the city of Quito dated 1805. Made by Juan Pío Montúfar, 2nd Marquis of Selva Alegre and president of the Junta Soberana de Quito of 1809.
 
Entry into the city of Quito of the Spanish troops sent by the Viceroy of Peru in 1809, painting of 1809 by Francisco Javier Cortés. Museo de América (Madrid).[11]
 
Quito by Rafael Salas (mid-19th century painting)

The Spanish established Roman Catholicism in Quito. The first church (El Belén) was built before the city was officially founded. In January 1535 the San Francisco Convent was constructed, the first of about 20 churches and convents built during the colonial period. The Spanish converted the indigenous population to Christianity and used them as labor for construction.[citation needed]

In 1743, after nearly 210 years of Spanish colonization, Quito was a city of about 10,000 inhabitants.[citation needed] Quito briefly proclaimed its de facto independence from Spain between 1765 and 1766 during the Quito Revolt. On 10 August 1809, a movement was again started in Quito to win independence from Spain. On that date a plan for government was unveiled, which appointed Juan Pío Montúfar as president and prominent pro-independence figures in other government positions.

This initial movement was defeated on 2 August 1810, when colonial troops arrived from Lima, Peru, and killed the leaders of the uprising and about 200 other settlers.[citation needed] A chain of conflicts climaxed on 24 May 1822, when Antonio José de Sucre, under the command of Simón Bolívar, led troops into the Battle of Pichincha, on the slopes of the volcano. Their victory established the independence of Quito and the surrounding areas.

Republican Ecuador

In 1833 members of the Society of Free Inhabitants of Quito were assassinated by the government after they conspired against it. On 6 March 1845 the Marcist Revolution began. In 1875 the country's president, Gabriel García Moreno, was assassinated in Quito. Two years later, in 1877, Archbishop José Ignacio Checa y Barba was killed by poison while celebrating Mass in Quito.[citation needed]

In 1882 insurgents rose up against the regime of dictator Ignacio de Veintimilla. However, this did not end the violence that was occurring throughout the country. On 9 July 1883 the liberal commander Eloy Alfaro participated in the Battle of Guayaquil, and after further conflict he became the president of Ecuador on 4 September 1895. Upon completing his second term in 1911, he moved to Europe. He returned to Ecuador in 1912 and attempted to return to power unsuccessfully; he was arrested on 28 January 1912, and imprisoned, then lynched by a mob that stormed the prison. His body was dragged through the streets of Quito to a city park, where it was burned.[citation needed]

In 1932 the Four Days' War broke out. This was a civil war that followed the election of Neptalí Bonifaz and the subsequent realization that he carried a Peruvian passport. On 12 February 1949 a realistic broadcast of H. G. Wells' novel The War of the Worlds led to citywide panic, and the deaths of more than twenty people who died in fires set by mobs.[12][13]

21st century

In 2011 the city's population was 2,239,191 people. Since 2002 the city has been renewing its historic center. The old airport, built on filling in a lagoon, was closed to air traffic on 19 February 2013. The area was redeveloped as the "Parque Bicentenario" (Bicentenary Park). The new Mariscal Sucre International Airport, 45 minutes from central Quito, opened to air traffic on 20 February 2013.

During 2003 and 2004, the bus lines of the Metrobus (Ecovia) were constructed, traversing the city from the north to the south.[citation needed] Many avenues and roads were extended and enlarged, depressed passages were constructed, and roads were restructured geometrically to increase the flow of traffic. A new subway system is under construction.

Geography

 
View of Quito from the International Space Station (north is at the left of the image). Quito sits on the eastern slopes of the Pichincha Volcano, whose crater is visible.

Quito is located in the northern highlands of Ecuador in the Guayllabamba river basin. The city is built on a long plateau lying on the east flanks of the Pichincha volcano. The valley of Guayllabamba River where Quito lies is flanked by volcanoes, some of them snow-capped, and visible from the city on a clear day. Quito is the closest capital city to the equator. Quito's altitude is listed at 2,820 m (9,250 ft).[14]

Nearby volcanoes

Quito's closest volcano is Pichincha, looming over the western side of the city. Quito is the only capital city that was developed so close to an active volcano.[15] Pichincha volcano has several summits, among them Ruku Pichincha at 4,700 m (15,400 ft) above sea level and Guagua Pichincha at 4,794 m (15,728 ft).

Pichincha is active and being monitored by volcanologists at the Geophysical institute of the national polytechnic university. The largest eruption occurred in 1660 when more than 25 cm (9.8 in) of ash covered the city.[16] There were three minor eruptions in the 19th century. The latest eruption was recorded on 5 October 1999, when a few puffs of smoke were seen and much ash was deposited on the city.[17]

Activity in other nearby volcanoes can also affect the city. In November 2002 the volcano Reventador erupted and showered the city in fine ash particles, to a depth of several centimeters.[18]

The volcanoes on the Central Cordillera (Royal Cordillera), east of Quito, surrounding the Guayllabamba valley, include Cotopaxi, Sincholagua, Antisana and Cayambe. Some of the volcanoes of the Western Cordillera, to the west of the Guayllabamba valley, include Illiniza, Atacazo, and Pululahua (which is the site of the Pululahua Geobotanical Reserve).[19]

Climate

The southern part of Quito has a subtropical highland climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb), while the northern part has a warm-summer mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csb). Because of its altitude and location on the equator, Quito has a fairly constant cool climate. The average afternoon maximum temperature is 21.4 °C (70.5 °F), and the average night-time minimum temperature is 9.8 °C (49.6 °F).[20] The annual average temperature is 15.6 °C (60.1 °F).[21] The city has only two seasons: dry and wet. The dry season, June through August (3 months), is referred to as summer; the wet season, September through May (9 months), is referred to as winter. Annual precipitation, depending on location, is over 1,000 mm (39 in).

Due to its altitude, Quito receives some of the greatest solar radiation in the world, sometimes reaching a UV Index of 24 by solar noon.[22][23]

The fact that Quito lies almost on the equator means that high pressure systems are extremely rare. Pressure is stable, so very low pressure systems are also rare. From 1 July 2010 to 30 June 2011 the lowest pressure recorded was 998.2 hPa (29.48 inHg), and the highest was 1,015.2 hPa (29.98 inHg). Despite the absence of high pressure, Quito can still experience settled weather. Generally, the highest pressure is around midnight and the lowest in the mid-afternoon.[24]

Climate data for Quito
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 33.0
(91.4)
28.6
(83.5)
32.0
(89.6)
25.6
(78.1)
30.4
(86.7)
29.0
(84.2)
31.0
(87.8)
27.0
(80.6)
29.0
(84.2)
27.0
(80.6)
29.3
(84.7)
29.0
(84.2)
33.0
(91.4)
Average high °C (°F) 21.2
(70.2)
21.0
(69.8)
20.8
(69.4)
20.9
(69.6)
21.0
(69.8)
21.1
(70.0)
21.5
(70.7)
22.2
(72.0)
22.3
(72.1)
21.8
(71.2)
21.3
(70.3)
21.3
(70.3)
21.4
(70.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) 15.5
(59.9)
15.6
(60.1)
15.5
(59.9)
15.6
(60.1)
15.6
(60.1)
15.5
(59.9)
15.5
(59.9)
15.9
(60.6)
15.9
(60.6)
15.7
(60.3)
15.5
(59.9)
15.5
(59.9)
15.6
(60.1)
Average low °C (°F) 9.8
(49.6)
10.1
(50.2)
10.1
(50.2)
10.2
(50.4)
10.1
(50.2)
9.8
(49.6)
9.4
(48.9)
9.6
(49.3)
9.4
(48.9)
9.5
(49.1)
9.6
(49.3)
9.7
(49.5)
9.8
(49.6)
Record low °C (°F) 3.0
(37.4)
4.7
(40.5)
5.1
(41.2)
5.3
(41.5)
2.5
(36.5)
3.0
(37.4)
3.0
(37.4)
2.2
(36.0)
3.4
(38.1)
4.2
(39.6)
2.5
(36.5)
2.5
(36.5)
2.2
(36.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 82.5
(3.25)
111.0
(4.37)
146.6
(5.77)
171.2
(6.74)
105.5
(4.15)
39.5
(1.56)
21.5
(0.85)
27.7
(1.09)
68.9
(2.71)
114.9
(4.52)
108.5
(4.27)
100.4
(3.95)
1,098.2
(43.24)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 10 11 15 15 13 7 5 5 11 14 11 11 128
Mean monthly sunshine hours 197 140 122 136 164 189 249 256 196 177 197 215 2,238
Source 1: World Meteorological Organization,[25] (precipitation data),[26]
Source 2: NOAA[27][28] Voodoo Skies (records),[29] Danish Meteorological Institute (sun and relative humidity)[30]
Climate data for Quito
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily daylight hours 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0
Average Ultraviolet index 11+ 11+ 11+ 11+ 11+ 11+ 11+ 11+ 11+ 11+ 11+ 11+ 11
Source: Weather Atlas[31]

Topographical zones

 
General view of the city from El Panecillo

Quito is divided into three areas, separated by hills:

  1. Central: houses the colonial old city.
  2. Southern: is mainly an industrial and working-class residential area.
  3. Northern: is the modern Quito, with high-rise buildings, shopping centers, the financial district, and a mix of upper-class, middle-class, and working-class residential areas.

Economy

 
Modern buildings in Quito's growing Financial District

Quito is the largest city in contribution to national GDP, and the highest in per capita income. Quito has the highest level of tax collection in Ecuador, exceeding the national 57% per year 2009, currently being the most important economic region of the country[citation needed], as the latest "study" conducted by the Central Bank of Ecuador.

The top major industries in Quito includes textiles, metals and agriculture, with major crops for export being coffee, sugar, cacao, rice, bananas and palm oil.[32]

Petroecuador, the largest company in the country and one of the largest in Latin America is headquartered in Quito.[33][verification needed]

Headquarters and regional offices of many national and international financial institutions, oil corporations and international businesses are also located in Quito, making it a world class business city.

In "The World according to GaWC" global cities report, which measures a city's integration into the world city network, Quito is ranked as a Beta city: an important metropolis instrumental in linking its region or state into the world economy. [1][34]

Politics

Governance

Quito is governed by a mayor and a 15-member city council. The mayor is elected to a five-year term and can be re-elected. The position also doubles as Mayor of the Metropolitan District of Quito (the canton). The current mayor is Santiago Guarderas.

Urban parishes

In Ecuador, cantons are subdivided into parishes, so called because they were originally used by the Catholic Church, but with the secularization and liberalization of the Ecuadorian state, the political parishes were spun off the ones used by the church. Parishes are called urban if they are within the boundaries of the seat (capital) of their corresponding canton, and rural if outside those boundaries. Inside Quito (the city proper), subdivision into urban parishes depends on the organizations that use these parishes (e.g., the municipality, the electoral tribunals, the postal service, the Ecuadorian statistics institute). The urban parishes of different types are not necessarily coterminous nor the same in number or name.

As of 2008, the municipality of Quito divided the city into 32 urban parishes. These parishes, which are used by the municipality for administrative purposes, are also known as cabildos[35] since 2001. Since the times of the Metropolitan District of Quito, parishes of this type are also grouped into larger divisions known as municipal zones (zonas municipales). These parishes are as follows:

  1. Belisario Quevedo
  2. Carcelén
  3. Centro Histórico
  4. Chilibulo
  5. Chillogallo
  6. Chimbacalle
  7. Cochapamba
  8. Comité del Pueblo
  9. Concepción
  10. Cotocollao
  11. El Condado
  12. El Inca
  13. Guamaní
  14. Iñaquito
  15. Itchimbía
  16. Jipijapa
  17. Kennedy
  18. La Argelia
  19. La Ecuatoriana
  20. La Ferroviaria
  21. La Libertad
  22. La Mena
  23. Magdalena
  24. Mariscal Sucre
  25. Ponceano
  26. Puengasí
  27. Quitumbe
  28. Rumipamba
  29. San Bartolo
  30. San Juan
  31. Solanda
  32. Turubamba

Ecclesiastical parishes

The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Quito divides the city into 167 parishes, which are grouped into 17 zones.[36]

Transportation

Public transportation

 
Bici Q station in northern Quito. Bici Q is the Bicycle sharing system started by the municipal government of the city.

The MetrobusQ network, also known as "Red Integrada de Transporte Público", is the bus rapid transit system running in Quito, and it goes through the city from south to north. It's divided into three sections—the green line (the central trolleybus, known as El Trole), the red line (the north-east Ecovía), and the blue line (the north-west Corridor Central). In addition to the bus rapid transit system, there are many buses running in the city. The buses have both a name and a number, and they have a fixed route. Taxi cabs are all yellow, and they have meters that show the fare. There are nearly 8,800 registered taxicabs.[37]

In August 2012 the Municipality of Quito government established a municipal bicycle sharing system called Bici Q.[38][39][40]

Highway transportation

Although public transportation is the primary form of travel in the city, including fleets of taxis that continually cruise the roadways, the use of private vehicles has increased substantially during the past decade.[41] Because of growing road congestion in many areas, there were plans to construct a light rail system, which were conceived to replace the northern portion of the Trole.[42] These plans have been ruled out and replaced by the construction of the first metro line (subway) in 2012. It is expected to be operational by December 2022, joining the existing public transportation network.[43]

Roads, avenues and streets

Because Quito is about 40 km (25 mi) long and 5 km (3.1 mi) at its widest, most of the important avenues of the city extend from north to south. The two main motorways that go from the northern part of the city to the southern are Avenue Oriental (Corridor Periférico Oriental) on the eastern hills that border the city, and Avenue Occidental on the western side of the city on the Pichincha volcano. The street 10 de Agosto also runs north to south through most of the city, running down the middle of it. The historic center of the city is based on a grid pattern, despite the hills, with the streets Venezuela, Chile, García Moreno, and Guayaquil being the most important.

Air transportation

The Mariscal Sucre International Airport serves as the city's principal airport for passenger travel and freight. The airport is located 18 km (11 mi) east of the city's center in the Tababela parish. It began operations on 20 February 2013, replacing the Old Mariscal Sucre International Airport located 10 km (6.2 mi) north of the city center within city limits. The old airport was replaced due to tall buildings and nighttime fog that made landing from the south difficult. The old airport has become a metropolitan park.

Rail transportation

There is a railroad that goes through the southern part of Quito and passes through the Estación de Chimbacalle. It is managed by the Empresa de Ferrocarriles Ecuatorianos (EFE). This form of transportation is nowadays used mostly for tourism.

Subway

A 23 km (14 mi) metro subway system (Quito Metro) is under construction. Phase One, begun in 2013, entailed the construction of stations at La Magdalena and El Labrador. Phase Two, begun in 2016, involves 13 more stations, a depot and sub-systems. The project is expected to carry 400,000 passengers per day and to cost $1.5 billion with financing coming from the World Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), the European Investment Bank (EIB) and the Development Bank of Latin America (CAF)[44] and is expected to be operating in December 2022.[45][46][47]

Points of interest

Historic center

 
The large Basilica of San Francisco, built between 1535 and 1650.

Quito has the largest, least-altered, and best-preserved historic center in the Americas.[5] This center was, together with the historic center of Kraków, Poland, the first to be declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO on 18 September 1978. The historic center of Quito is to the south of the capital's current center, on an area of 320 ha (790 acres), and one of the most important historic areas in Latin America. There are about 130 monumental buildings (which host a variety of pictorial art and sculpture, mostly religiously-inspired, in a multi-faceted range of schools and styles), and 5,000 properties registered in the municipal inventory of heritage properties.[citation needed]

Palacio de Carondelet

Palacio de Carondelet (Spanish: Palacio de Carondelet) is the seat of the Government of the Republic of Ecuador, located in the historic center of Quito. The palace overlooks the bustling public space known as Independence Square or Plaza Grande (colonial name), together with the Archbishop's Palace, the Municipal Palace, the Hotel Plaza Grande and the Metropolitan Cathedral. During the Republican era almost all the presidents (constitutional, internees and dictators) have governed from the Carondelet Palace. The presidential residence is located on the third level of the Palace, along with administrative offices. The residence is a luxurious colonial-style apartment in which the President and his family dwell. Rafael Correa, president from 2007 to 2017, converted the presidential compound into a museum that is accessible to all who wish to visit it.

Basílica del Voto Nacional

The monumental Basilica del Voto Nacional is the most important neo-Gothic building in Ecuador, and one of the most representative of the American continent. It was once the largest in the New World.

Quito Metropolitan Cathedral

The Quito Metropolitan Cathedral, is one of the largest religious symbols of spiritual value for the Catholic community in the city. Construction of this church began in 1535, seventeen years after the Diocese of Quito was created in 1545. The church building was completed in 1799, during the administration of President of the Real Audiencia, Baron Héctor de Carondelet.[citation needed]

One of the major events that took place in this cathedral was the murder of the Bishop of Quito, José Ignacio Checa y Barba, who during the mass of Good Friday on 30 March 1877, was poisoned by strychnine dissolved in the consecrated wine. The cathedral is also the burial place of the remains of the Grand Marshal Antonio José de Sucre and also of several presidents of the Republic, as well as of bishops and priests who died in the diocese. The cathedral is on the south side of the Plaza de La Independencia.[citation needed]

Church of La Compañía de Jesús

Construction of The Church of La Compañía began in 1605. Building took 160 years. In 1765 the work was completed with the construction of the façade. This was done by Native Americans who carefully shaped the stones to build the façade in the ornate Baroque style, in what is one of the finest examples of this art in the Americas.

Basilica of San Francisco

The Basilica of San Francisco is the largest of the existing architectural ensembles in the historic centers of cities in Latin America. The construction of the church began in 1550, on land adjacent to the plaza where the Native Americans engaged in the barter of products.

Church of El Sagrario

In colonial times, the Church of El Sagrario was one of the largest architectural marvels of Quito. The construction is of the Italian Renaissance style and it was built in the late 17th century. It has a screen that supports its sculptures and decorations. This structure was built by Bernardo de Legarda. Its central arch leads to a dome decorated with frescoes of biblical scenes featuring archangels. It was done by Francisco Albán. The altarpiece was gilded by Legarda. It is located on Calle García Moreno, near the cathedral.[citation needed]

Church of Santo Domingo

Church of Santo Domingo. Although they arrived in Quito in 1541, the Dominicans started to build their own temple in 1580, using the plans of Francisco Becerra, and under his direction. The work was completed in the first half of the 17th century. Inside the church are valuable structures, such as the neo-Gothic main altar. This was installed in the late 19th century by Italian Dominicans. The roof of the Mudéjar style church features paintings of martyrs of the Order of Saint Dominic. The roof of the nave is supported by a pair-and-knuckle frame, decorated inside by tracery. In the museum on the north side of the lower cloister, there are wonderful pieces by great Quito sculptors such as the Saint Dominic de Guzmán by Father Carlos, the Saint John of God by Caspicara, and the Saint Thomas Aquinas by Legarda. Another Baroque masterpiece that still stands today, is the Chapel of Nuestra Señora del Rosario, a recognizable architectural icon of Quito. This chapel was built next to the church. The largest fraternity in the city of Quito was founded in this chapel.

El Panecillo

 
View of Quito from El Panecillo

El Panecillo is a hill in the middle west of the city at an altitude of about 3,016 m (9,895 ft) above sea level. A monument to the Virgin Mary is located on top of El Panecillo and is visible from most of the city of Quito. In 1976, the Spanish artist Agustín de la Herrán Matorras was commissioned by the religious order of the Oblates to build a 41 m (135 ft)–tall aluminum monument of a madonna, which was assembled on a high pedestal on the top of Panecillo. The statue of the Virgin on the Panecillo is a replica of a sculpture made by Bernardo de Legarda in 1732. So this monument is also called Virgen de Legarda or Virgen del Panecillo.

La Mariscal

This modern area is considered to be the city's entertainment hub. It is a meeting point for both local residents and tourists. Its cosmopolitan atmosphere is expressed in a wide variety of culinary, artistic, and cultural options, and the large number of hotels, inns, travel agencies, shops, bars, and discothèques that light up when the sun sets.[48] El Gran Desfile de Mariscal (the Great Parade of Mariscal) is held in this area during the Fiestas de Quito.[49]

Plaza Foch (La Zona)

 
Plaza Foch

This area is considered to be the zona rosa of the city. It hosts various night clubs and bars, and has a great night vibe, complete with street vendors selling gum, cigarettes and other small items. Plaza Foch is heavily frequented from Thursday to Saturday, and draws tourists from all over the world. For this reason, prices for liquor, beer and food are expensive compared to other places in Quito. Due to its small driveways and big sidewalks, it's mostly a pedestrian area.

Parks

Metropolitano

Parque Metropolitano Guanguiltagua[50] is the largest urban park in South America at 1,376 acres (5.57 km2) (as reference, New York's Central Park is 843 acres (341 ha)). The park is located in northern Quito, on the hill of Bellavista behind Estadio Olímpico Atahualpa. The park is suited for mountain biking, walking, and running. Most of it is eucalyptus forest with trails, but there also are numerous sculptures on display. The park has four sites that can be used for picnics or barbecues, and the eastern section has a view of Cotopaxi, Antisana, and the Guayllabamba river basin.

Bicentenario

Parque Bicentenario is the second largest urban park in Quito (surpassed only by the Parque Metropolitano), located in the site of the Old Mariscal Sucre International Airport. It was inaugurated on 27 April 2013. This park has 200 acres (81 ha), and it is located at 2,800 m (9,186 ft), above mean sea level. The former runway has been converted into recreational space with lanes painted for bicycles and pedestrians. There are play structures and games for children. As well, there is outdoor exercise equipment for adults. The park contains a man-made pond and more than one thousand trees, many newly planted. The park also hosts cultural exhibits and outdoor concerts.

La Carolina

 
La Carolina Park next to Amazonas Avenue

La Carolina[51] is a 165.5-acre (670,000 m2) park in the center of the Quito main business area, bordered by the avenues Río Amazonas, de los Shyris, Naciones Unidas, Eloy Alfaro, and de la República. This park started from the expropriation of the farm La Carolina in 1939. The design of the park was made by the Dirección Metropolitana de Planificación Territorial (DMPT). Pope John Paul II headed a great mass in the park during his visit to Ecuador in 1985.[52] A giant cross has been built in this place.

El Ejido

El Ejido[53] is the fourth-largest park of Quito (after Metropolitan, Bicentenario and La Carolina), and it divides the old part of the city from the modern one. This park is known for handicrafts available for sale every Saturday and Sunday, with all pricing subject to negotiation (that is, haggling). Local painters sell copies of paintings by Oswaldo Guayasamín,[54] Eduardo Kingman, and Gonzalo Endara Crow. Otavaleños sell traditional sweaters, ponchos, carpets, and jewelry.

Guápulo

Set on the side on a cliff with González Suárez Street, one of the most famous in Quito and to the other side the valley and further in the distance, the Amazon Jungle. Guápulo is a district of Quito, Ecuador, also called an electoral parish (parroquia electoral urbana). The parish was established as a result of the October 2004 political elections when the city was divided into 19 urban electoral parishes.[55] Set behind Hotel Quito, the neighborhood of Guápulo runs down the winding Camino de Orellana, from González Suárez to Calle de los Conquistadores, the main road out of Quito and to the neighboring suburbs.[56][57] Often considered an artsy, bohemian neighborhood of Quito, Guápulo is home to many local artists and a couple of hippy cafés/bars. Every year on 7 September the guapuleños honor their neighborhood with the Fiestas de Guápulo, a fantastic celebration complete with costumes, parade, food, drink, song, dance, and fireworks.

La Alameda

The long triangular La Alameda is located at the beginning of street Guayaquil, where the historic center begins. It has an impressive monument of Simón Bolívar at the apex. There are several other interesting monuments in this park. In the center of the park is the Quito Observatory, which was opened by President García Moreno in 1873. It is used for both meteorology and astronomy. At the north end of the park are two ornamental lakes, where rowboats can be rented.

La Floresta

One of the most iconic neighborhoods in the city, with an important cultural and gastronomic offer. The neighborhood has local and international restaurants, a cinema, small theaters, cafes, bars, museums and coworking spaces.

TeleferiQo

The Aerial tramway Station at Cruz Loma (part of the Pichincha mountain complex at about 4,000 m (13,000 ft)). Since July 2005, Quito has had an aerial tramway, known as the "Telefériqo", from the city center to the hill known as Cruz Loma on the east side of the Pichincha volcano. The ride takes visitors to an elevation of about 4,100 m (13,500 ft). There are also trails for hiking and areas where pictures can be taken of Quito. Because of the increased elevation and the wind on the mountain, it is considerably cooler.

Besides the aerial tramway to Cruz Loma, the Telefériqo as a whole is a visitor center that includes an amusement park (Vulqano Park), fine-dining restaurants, Go Karts, Paint Ball, shopping malls, an extensive food court, and other attractions.

Outside the city

 
The monument at the equator (La Mitad del Mundo)

La Mitad del Mundo[58] (the middle of the world) is a small village administered by the prefecture of the province of Pichincha, 35 km (22 mi) north of Quito. It has since been determined, with the use of Global Positioning System technology, that the actual equator is some 240 m (790 ft) north of the monument area. Nearby is the Intiñan Solar Museum, which may be closer to the true equator.[59] The Intiñan Solar Museum provides a demonstration which purports to show the Coriolis force causing a clockwise rotation of sink water a few meters south of the equator and a counterclockwise rotation a few meters north,[60] but many scientific sources claim that this is implausible.[61][62][63][64][65]

Pululahua Geobotanical Reserve, located a few miles northwest from La Mitad del Mundo, contains the Pululahua volcano, whose caldera (crater) is visible from a spot easily accessible by car. It is believed to be one of only a few in the world with human inhabitants.

Quito Zoo,[66] located near the rural parish of Guayllabamba, about 20 km (12 mi) outside Quito, has the biggest collection of native fauna in Ecuador, including several kinds of animals that are sometimes targeted in Ecuador in the illegal fur trade. The Zoo works in conservation and education in Ecuador and has successfully bred the endangered Andean condor.

Maquipucuna Reserve is located in Quito's rural parish of Nanegal. This 14,000 acre high biodiversity rainforest and cloud forest reserve protects over 1966 species of plants[67] (10% of Ecuador's plant diversity) and close to 400 bird species. This reserve, which is surrounded by a 34,000 acre protected forest, was declared an IBA (Important Bird Area) in 2005[68] and is the core of the conservation corridor for the spectacled bear (Andean bear) declared in 2013.[69] The area has an ecolodge located in the northern end of the Reserve where the spectacled bear can be sighted for about two months every year.

Some of the other nearby natural attractions are:

Culture

Quito is a city with a mix of modern-day and traditional culture. There is a large Catholic presence in Quito; most notably, Quito observes Holy Week with a series of ceremonies and rituals that begin on Palm Sunday. At noon on Good Friday, the March of the Penitents proceeds from the Church of San Francisco.[70]

Education

Universities

According to the National Council for Higher Education of Ecuador (CONESUP), these are the universities founded in or around Quito before 2006:[71]

University Foundation Date
Central University of Ecuador 18 March 1826
National Polytechnic School 27 August 1869
Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador 4 November 1946
Universidad San Francisco de Quito 25 October 1988
Instituto de Altos Estudios Nacionales 20 June 1972
Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales 16 December 1974
Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas – ESPE 8 December 1977
Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial 18 February 1986
Universidad Andina Simon Bolivar 27 January 1992
International SEK 30 June 1993
Universidad de las Américas 29 November 1995
Universidad Internacional del Ecuador 30 August 1996
Universidad Del Pacifico: Escuela de Negocios 18 December 1997
Universidad de Especialidade Turisticas 31 March 2000
Universidad de los Hemisferios 20 May 2004
Universidad Politécnica Salesiana 5 August 1994

Libraries

One of the oldest and most important library in Ecuador is the Central University Library in Quito. It was founded in 1586 and has 170,000 volumes in its possession.[72] The Aurelio Espinoza Polit in Cotocollao, Casas de la Cultura and Catholic University are also important ones.

Museums

 
Collage National Museum of Ecuador
  • National Museum of Ecuador – This art museum houses five displays. Each covers a different time period, ranging from prehistory to modern Ecuador.[73]
  • Museo de Arte Contemporaneas – Located north of Basilica del Voto Nacional, this museum has permanent and temporary exhibitions. The historic building used to be a military hospital and was renovated for its new purpose.
  • Casa del Alabado – Located just south of Plaza San Francisco, this is the Old Town's newest museum and houses a collection of pre-colonial art. The building is one of the oldest houses in the city.
  • Museo de la Ciudad – A museum dedicated to the history of Quito. Located just east of the Plaza de Santo Domingo,[74] it is housed in the buildings of the former San Juan de Dios Hospital, a UNESCO Cultural World Heritage Site.
  • La Capilla del Hombre – A museum showcasing the work of legendary Ecuadorian Artist Oswaldo Guayasamín
  • Ecuador National Museum of Medicine – A museum dedicated to the history of medicine[75] in Quito, founded by Eduardo Estrella Aguirre. Estrella was in the Archives of the Royal Botanical Gardens in Madrid, Spain in 1985 and uncovered the lost papers and paintings documenting one of the first expeditions to South America. In Madrid Spain, Estrella worked for many years and documented his observations in the archive and was able to publish the extensive work of Juan Tafalla in a book called Flora Huayaquilensis.
  • Museum House of Sucre – This museum is dedicated to life of Mariscal Antonio José de Sucre, a hero of Ecuadorian independence. The ground floor has an array of weapons and military relics, many of which belonged to Sucre himself. The second floor has been restored to what it might have looked like in Sucre's time.[76]

Sports

Quito is home prominent football clubs in the country. The city's top clubs (LDU Quito, El Nacional), Deportivo Quito, Aucas and Independiente del Valle have won 31 nacional leagues and 3 Ecuador Cups and 3 Ecuador supercups adding to a total of 37 national championships. Deportivo Quito was also the first out of the three home teams to win the title. Quito is the only city in Ecuador which has clubs that have won continental titles, LDU Quito is the only club from Ecuador to have won the Comebol Libertadores, Also won 3 other continental titles making it the greatest club in the country. The other club being Independiente del Valle which won the CONMEBOL Sudamericana in 2019 and 2022 adding un 6 continental titles for the city and the country. El Nacional is the fourth most titled team in Ecuador's history, with 13. América de Quito was one of the most titled clubs in the past but has recently played in the lower divisions.

The professional teams in the city are:

One of the more interesting facts of Quito is that the stadiums are located over 2,800 m (9,200 ft) above sea level, this gives the city the special feature and a great advantage for local teams when they play against foreign teams and it is one of the reasons that has allowed Ecuador qualify for three World Cups.[77]

Crime

The U.S. Department of State notes that petty theft is the most common crime issue facing tourists in Quito,[78] stating in 2015: "Pickpocketing, purse snatching, robbery, bag slashing, and hotel room theft are the most common types of crimes committed against U.S. citizens."[79]

Notable people

Twin towns – sister cities

Quito is twinned with:

See also

References

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Bibliography

External links

  • "Quito" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). 1911.
  • Explore the City of Quito in the UNESCO collection on Google Arts and Culture

quito, this, article, about, capital, ecuador, other, uses, disambiguation, spanish, pronunciation, ˈkito, listen, quechua, kitu, formally, francisco, capital, largest, city, ecuador, with, estimated, population, million, urban, area, also, capital, province, . This article is about the capital of Ecuador For other uses see Quito disambiguation Quito Spanish pronunciation ˈkito listen Quechua Kitu formally San Francisco de Quito is the capital and largest city of Ecuador with an estimated population of 2 8 million in its urban area It is also the capital of the province of Pichincha Quito is located in a valley on the eastern slopes of Pichincha 2 an active stratovolcano in the Andes at an elevation of 2 850 m 9 350 ft making it the second highest capital city in the world 3 QuitoCapital citySan Francisco de QuitoClockwise from top La Ronda street Church of the Society of Jesus El Panecillo as seen from Northern Quito Carondelet Palace Central Northern Quito La Carolina Park and Church and Convent of St FrancisFlagCoat of armsNicknames Carita de Dios God s Face Mitad del Mundo Middle of the World Luz de America Light of America QuitoLocation of Quito within EcuadorShow map of EcuadorQuitoQuito South America Show map of South AmericaCoordinates 00 13 12 S 78 30 45 W 0 22000 S 78 51250 W 0 22000 78 51250CountryEcuadorProvincePichinchaCantonMetropolitan District of QuitoSpanish foundation 1534 12 06 6 December 1534Founded bySebastian de BenalcazarNamed forQuituUrban parishes32 urban parishesGovernment TypeMayor and council Governing bodyMunicipality of Quito MayorSantiago Guarderas Vice mayorBrith VacaArea approx Capital city372 39 km2 143 78 sq mi Metro4 217 95 km2 1 628 56 sq mi Elevation2 850 m 9 350 ft Population 2020 Capital city2 800 388 Density7 500 km2 19 000 sq mi Metro3 156 182 Metro density750 km2 1 900 sq mi DemonymQuiteno 1 Time zoneUTC 5 ECT Postal codeEC170150Area code 0 2LanguagesSpanishClimateCfbWebsiteMunicipality of QuitoUNESCO World Heritage SiteOfficial nameCity of QuitoTypeCulturalCriteriaii ivDesignated1978 2nd session Reference no 2RegionLatin America and the CaribbeanQuito is the political and cultural center of Ecuador as the country s major governmental administrative and cultural institutions are located within the city The majority of transnational companies with a presence in Ecuador are headquartered there It is also one of the country s two major industrial centers the port city of Guayaquil being the other one The date of its first habitation is unknown but archaeological evidence suggests that it was first settled by sedentary populations between 4400 and 1600 BC 4 In the late fifteenth century the Inca Emperor Huayna Capac defeated the Quitu the region s original inhabitants and incorporated Quito into the Inca Empire designating it into the capital of the Inca Empire s northern region The Spanish conquest of the city in 1534 is the date most frequently cited as the city s official founding making Quito the oldest capital in South America Quito s historic center is among the largest and best preserved in the Americas 5 In 1978 Quito and Krakow were the first World Cultural Heritage Sites declared by UNESCO 5 Quito is the capital city closest to the Equator with its northern limits ending about 1 km 0 62 miles south of the line In 2008 the city was designated as the headquarters of the Union of South American Nations 6 Contents 1 History 1 1 Pre Columbian period 1 2 Colonial period 1 3 Republican Ecuador 1 4 21st century 2 Geography 2 1 Nearby volcanoes 2 2 Climate 3 Topographical zones 4 Economy 5 Politics 5 1 Governance 5 2 Urban parishes 5 3 Ecclesiastical parishes 6 Transportation 6 1 Public transportation 6 2 Highway transportation 6 3 Roads avenues and streets 6 4 Air transportation 6 5 Rail transportation 6 6 Subway 7 Points of interest 7 1 Historic center 7 2 El Panecillo 7 3 La Mariscal 7 4 Plaza Foch La Zona 7 5 Parks 7 5 1 Metropolitano 7 5 2 Bicentenario 7 5 3 La Carolina 7 5 4 El Ejido 7 5 5 Guapulo 7 5 6 La Alameda 7 5 7 La Floresta 7 6 TeleferiQo 7 7 Outside the city 7 8 Culture 8 Education 8 1 Universities 8 2 Libraries 9 Museums 10 Sports 11 Crime 12 Notable people 13 Twin towns sister cities 14 See also 15 References 16 Bibliography 17 External linksHistory EditSee also Timeline of Quito and List of buildings in Quito Pre Columbian period Edit The oldest traces of human presence in Quito were excavated by American archeologist Robert E Bell in 1960 on the slopes of the Ilalo volcano located between the eastern valleys of Los Chillos and Tumbaco Hunter gatherers left tools of obsidian glass dated to 8000 BC This archeological site called EI Inga was brought to Robert Bell s attention by Allen Graffham While employed as a geologist in Ecuador Graffham pursued his amateur interest in archeology He made surface collections at the site during 1956 7 The discovery of projectile points particularly specimens with basal fluting stimulated his interest and he made several visits to the site to collect surface materials Graffham s previous interest in Paleo Indian remains and his experience with early human made materials in Kansas and Nebraska in the Central Plains of the United States led him to believe that the site was an important discovery 7 The second important vestige of human settlement was found in the current neighborhood of Cotocollao 1500 BC northwest of Quito The prehistoric village covered over 26 hectares in an area irrigated by many creeks Near the ancient rectangular houses there are burials with pottery and stone offerings The Cotocollao people extracted and exported obsidian to the coastal region 8 Early colonial priests and historians wrote about the Quitu people and a Kingdom of Quito Their accounts said that another people known as the Cara or the Schyris came from the coast and took over the region by AD 890 On what is sometimes called the Cara Quitu kingdom they ruled until the Inca took over the territory in the 15th century Quitu descendants survived in the city even after the Spanish conquest But by the 20th century some prominent historians who began more academic studies doubted accounts of the Quitu Cara kingdom Little archeological evidence had been found of any monuments or artifacts from it They began to think it was a legendary pre Hispanic account of the highlands In the early 21st century there were spectacular new finds of 20 meter deep tombs in the La Florida neighborhood of Quito Dating to AD 800 they provide evidence of the high quality of craftsmanship among the Quitu and of the elaborate and complex character of their funerary rites In 2010 the Museo de Sitio La Florida opened to preserve some of the artifacts from the tombs and explain this complex culture 9 Colonial period Edit Artwork that shows a far view of the city Mid 18th century Main article Urban evolution of colonial Quito Inca indigenous resistance to Spanish colonization continued during 1534 The conquistador Diego de Almagro founded Santiago de Quito in present day Colta near Riobamba on 15 August 1534 renamed as San Francisco de Quito on 28 August 1534 The city was later refounded at its present location on 6 December 1534 by 204 settlers led by Sebastian de Benalcazar who captured leader Ruminahui effectively ending all organized resistance 10 Ruminahui was executed on 10 January 1535 On 28 March 1541 Quito was declared a city and on 23 February 1556 it was given the title Muy Noble y Muy Leal Ciudad de San Francisco de Quito Very Noble and Loyal City of San Francisco of Quito marking the start of its next phase of urban development In 1563 Quito became the seat of a Real Audiencia administrative district of Spain It was classified as part of the Viceroyalty of Peru until 1717 after which the Audiencia was part of the new Viceroyalty of Nueva Granada Under both Viceroyalties the district was administered from Quito see Real Audiencia de Quito Map of the city of Quito dated 1805 Made by Juan Pio Montufar 2nd Marquis of Selva Alegre and president of the Junta Soberana de Quito of 1809 Entry into the city of Quito of the Spanish troops sent by the Viceroy of Peru in 1809 painting of 1809 by Francisco Javier Cortes Museo de America Madrid 11 Quito by Rafael Salas mid 19th century painting The Spanish established Roman Catholicism in Quito The first church El Belen was built before the city was officially founded In January 1535 the San Francisco Convent was constructed the first of about 20 churches and convents built during the colonial period The Spanish converted the indigenous population to Christianity and used them as labor for construction citation needed In 1743 after nearly 210 years of Spanish colonization Quito was a city of about 10 000 inhabitants citation needed Quito briefly proclaimed its de facto independence from Spain between 1765 and 1766 during the Quito Revolt On 10 August 1809 a movement was again started in Quito to win independence from Spain On that date a plan for government was unveiled which appointed Juan Pio Montufar as president and prominent pro independence figures in other government positions This initial movement was defeated on 2 August 1810 when colonial troops arrived from Lima Peru and killed the leaders of the uprising and about 200 other settlers citation needed A chain of conflicts climaxed on 24 May 1822 when Antonio Jose de Sucre under the command of Simon Bolivar led troops into the Battle of Pichincha on the slopes of the volcano Their victory established the independence of Quito and the surrounding areas Republican Ecuador Edit In 1833 members of the Society of Free Inhabitants of Quito were assassinated by the government after they conspired against it On 6 March 1845 the Marcist Revolution began In 1875 the country s president Gabriel Garcia Moreno was assassinated in Quito Two years later in 1877 Archbishop Jose Ignacio Checa y Barba was killed by poison while celebrating Mass in Quito citation needed In 1882 insurgents rose up against the regime of dictator Ignacio de Veintimilla However this did not end the violence that was occurring throughout the country On 9 July 1883 the liberal commander Eloy Alfaro participated in the Battle of Guayaquil and after further conflict he became the president of Ecuador on 4 September 1895 Upon completing his second term in 1911 he moved to Europe He returned to Ecuador in 1912 and attempted to return to power unsuccessfully he was arrested on 28 January 1912 and imprisoned then lynched by a mob that stormed the prison His body was dragged through the streets of Quito to a city park where it was burned citation needed In 1932 the Four Days War broke out This was a civil war that followed the election of Neptali Bonifaz and the subsequent realization that he carried a Peruvian passport On 12 February 1949 a realistic broadcast of H G Wells novel The War of the Worlds led to citywide panic and the deaths of more than twenty people who died in fires set by mobs 12 13 21st century Edit In 2011 the city s population was 2 239 191 people Since 2002 the city has been renewing its historic center The old airport built on filling in a lagoon was closed to air traffic on 19 February 2013 The area was redeveloped as the Parque Bicentenario Bicentenary Park The new Mariscal Sucre International Airport 45 minutes from central Quito opened to air traffic on 20 February 2013 During 2003 and 2004 the bus lines of the Metrobus Ecovia were constructed traversing the city from the north to the south citation needed Many avenues and roads were extended and enlarged depressed passages were constructed and roads were restructured geometrically to increase the flow of traffic A new subway system is under construction Geography Edit View of Quito from the International Space Station north is at the left of the image Quito sits on the eastern slopes of the Pichincha Volcano whose crater is visible Quito is located in the northern highlands of Ecuador in the Guayllabamba river basin The city is built on a long plateau lying on the east flanks of the Pichincha volcano The valley of Guayllabamba River where Quito lies is flanked by volcanoes some of them snow capped and visible from the city on a clear day Quito is the closest capital city to the equator Quito s altitude is listed at 2 820 m 9 250 ft 14 Nearby volcanoes Edit Quito s closest volcano is Pichincha looming over the western side of the city Quito is the only capital city that was developed so close to an active volcano 15 Pichincha volcano has several summits among them Ruku Pichincha at 4 700 m 15 400 ft above sea level and Guagua Pichincha at 4 794 m 15 728 ft Pichincha is active and being monitored by volcanologists at the Geophysical institute of the national polytechnic university The largest eruption occurred in 1660 when more than 25 cm 9 8 in of ash covered the city 16 There were three minor eruptions in the 19th century The latest eruption was recorded on 5 October 1999 when a few puffs of smoke were seen and much ash was deposited on the city 17 Activity in other nearby volcanoes can also affect the city In November 2002 the volcano Reventador erupted and showered the city in fine ash particles to a depth of several centimeters 18 The volcanoes on the Central Cordillera Royal Cordillera east of Quito surrounding the Guayllabamba valley include Cotopaxi Sincholagua Antisana and Cayambe Some of the volcanoes of the Western Cordillera to the west of the Guayllabamba valley include Illiniza Atacazo and Pululahua which is the site of the Pululahua Geobotanical Reserve 19 Climate Edit The southern part of Quito has a subtropical highland climate Koppen climate classification Cfb while the northern part has a warm summer mediterranean climate Koppen climate classification Csb Because of its altitude and location on the equator Quito has a fairly constant cool climate The average afternoon maximum temperature is 21 4 C 70 5 F and the average night time minimum temperature is 9 8 C 49 6 F 20 The annual average temperature is 15 6 C 60 1 F 21 The city has only two seasons dry and wet The dry season June through August 3 months is referred to as summer the wet season September through May 9 months is referred to as winter Annual precipitation depending on location is over 1 000 mm 39 in Due to its altitude Quito receives some of the greatest solar radiation in the world sometimes reaching a UV Index of 24 by solar noon 22 23 The fact that Quito lies almost on the equator means that high pressure systems are extremely rare Pressure is stable so very low pressure systems are also rare From 1 July 2010 to 30 June 2011 the lowest pressure recorded was 998 2 hPa 29 48 inHg and the highest was 1 015 2 hPa 29 98 inHg Despite the absence of high pressure Quito can still experience settled weather Generally the highest pressure is around midnight and the lowest in the mid afternoon 24 Climate data for QuitoMonth Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 33 0 91 4 28 6 83 5 32 0 89 6 25 6 78 1 30 4 86 7 29 0 84 2 31 0 87 8 27 0 80 6 29 0 84 2 27 0 80 6 29 3 84 7 29 0 84 2 33 0 91 4 Average high C F 21 2 70 2 21 0 69 8 20 8 69 4 20 9 69 6 21 0 69 8 21 1 70 0 21 5 70 7 22 2 72 0 22 3 72 1 21 8 71 2 21 3 70 3 21 3 70 3 21 4 70 5 Daily mean C F 15 5 59 9 15 6 60 1 15 5 59 9 15 6 60 1 15 6 60 1 15 5 59 9 15 5 59 9 15 9 60 6 15 9 60 6 15 7 60 3 15 5 59 9 15 5 59 9 15 6 60 1 Average low C F 9 8 49 6 10 1 50 2 10 1 50 2 10 2 50 4 10 1 50 2 9 8 49 6 9 4 48 9 9 6 49 3 9 4 48 9 9 5 49 1 9 6 49 3 9 7 49 5 9 8 49 6 Record low C F 3 0 37 4 4 7 40 5 5 1 41 2 5 3 41 5 2 5 36 5 3 0 37 4 3 0 37 4 2 2 36 0 3 4 38 1 4 2 39 6 2 5 36 5 2 5 36 5 2 2 36 0 Average precipitation mm inches 82 5 3 25 111 0 4 37 146 6 5 77 171 2 6 74 105 5 4 15 39 5 1 56 21 5 0 85 27 7 1 09 68 9 2 71 114 9 4 52 108 5 4 27 100 4 3 95 1 098 2 43 24 Average precipitation days 1 0 mm 10 11 15 15 13 7 5 5 11 14 11 11 128Mean monthly sunshine hours 197 140 122 136 164 189 249 256 196 177 197 215 2 238Source 1 World Meteorological Organization 25 precipitation data 26 Source 2 NOAA 27 28 Voodoo Skies records 29 Danish Meteorological Institute sun and relative humidity 30 Climate data for QuitoMonth Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearMean daily daylight hours 12 0 12 0 12 0 12 0 12 0 12 0 12 0 12 0 12 0 12 0 12 0 12 0 12 0Average Ultraviolet index 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11Source Weather Atlas 31 Topographical zones Edit General view of the city from El Panecillo Quito is divided into three areas separated by hills Central houses the colonial old city Southern is mainly an industrial and working class residential area Northern is the modern Quito with high rise buildings shopping centers the financial district and a mix of upper class middle class and working class residential areas Economy Edit Modern buildings in Quito s growing Financial District Quito is the largest city in contribution to national GDP and the highest in per capita income Quito has the highest level of tax collection in Ecuador exceeding the national 57 per year 2009 currently being the most important economic region of the country citation needed as the latest study conducted by the Central Bank of Ecuador The top major industries in Quito includes textiles metals and agriculture with major crops for export being coffee sugar cacao rice bananas and palm oil 32 Petroecuador the largest company in the country and one of the largest in Latin America is headquartered in Quito 33 verification needed Headquarters and regional offices of many national and international financial institutions oil corporations and international businesses are also located in Quito making it a world class business city In The World according to GaWC global cities report which measures a city s integration into the world city network Quito is ranked as a Beta city an important metropolis instrumental in linking its region or state into the world economy 1 34 Politics EditGovernance Edit Main article Mayor of Quito Santiago Guarderas Mayor of Quito Quito is governed by a mayor and a 15 member city council The mayor is elected to a five year term and can be re elected The position also doubles as Mayor of the Metropolitan District of Quito the canton The current mayor is Santiago Guarderas Urban parishes Edit In Ecuador cantons are subdivided into parishes so called because they were originally used by the Catholic Church but with the secularization and liberalization of the Ecuadorian state the political parishes were spun off the ones used by the church Parishes are called urban if they are within the boundaries of the seat capital of their corresponding canton and rural if outside those boundaries Inside Quito the city proper subdivision into urban parishes depends on the organizations that use these parishes e g the municipality the electoral tribunals the postal service the Ecuadorian statistics institute The urban parishes of different types are not necessarily coterminous nor the same in number or name As of 2008 update the municipality of Quito divided the city into 32 urban parishes These parishes which are used by the municipality for administrative purposes are also known as cabildos 35 since 2001 Since the times of the Metropolitan District of Quito parishes of this type are also grouped into larger divisions known as municipal zones zonas municipales These parishes are as follows Belisario Quevedo Carcelen Centro Historico Chilibulo Chillogallo Chimbacalle Cochapamba Comite del Pueblo Concepcion Cotocollao El Condado El Inca Guamani Inaquito Itchimbia Jipijapa Kennedy La Argelia La Ecuatoriana La Ferroviaria La Libertad La Mena Magdalena Mariscal Sucre Ponceano Puengasi Quitumbe Rumipamba San Bartolo San Juan Solanda Turubamba Ecclesiastical parishes Edit The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Quito divides the city into 167 parishes which are grouped into 17 zones 36 Transportation EditPublic transportation Edit Bici Q station in northern Quito Bici Q is the Bicycle sharing system started by the municipal government of the city The MetrobusQ network also known as Red Integrada de Transporte Publico is the bus rapid transit system running in Quito and it goes through the city from south to north It s divided into three sections the green line the central trolleybus known as El Trole the red line the north east Ecovia and the blue line the north west Corridor Central In addition to the bus rapid transit system there are many buses running in the city The buses have both a name and a number and they have a fixed route Taxi cabs are all yellow and they have meters that show the fare There are nearly 8 800 registered taxicabs 37 In August 2012 the Municipality of Quito government established a municipal bicycle sharing system called Bici Q 38 39 40 Highway transportation Edit Although public transportation is the primary form of travel in the city including fleets of taxis that continually cruise the roadways the use of private vehicles has increased substantially during the past decade 41 Because of growing road congestion in many areas there were plans to construct a light rail system which were conceived to replace the northern portion of the Trole 42 These plans have been ruled out and replaced by the construction of the first metro line subway in 2012 It is expected to be operational by December 2022 joining the existing public transportation network 43 Roads avenues and streets Edit Because Quito is about 40 km 25 mi long and 5 km 3 1 mi at its widest most of the important avenues of the city extend from north to south The two main motorways that go from the northern part of the city to the southern are Avenue Oriental Corridor Periferico Oriental on the eastern hills that border the city and Avenue Occidental on the western side of the city on the Pichincha volcano The street 10 de Agosto also runs north to south through most of the city running down the middle of it The historic center of the city is based on a grid pattern despite the hills with the streets Venezuela Chile Garcia Moreno and Guayaquil being the most important Air transportation Edit Mariscal Sucre International Airport The Mariscal Sucre International Airport serves as the city s principal airport for passenger travel and freight The airport is located 18 km 11 mi east of the city s center in the Tababela parish It began operations on 20 February 2013 replacing the Old Mariscal Sucre International Airport located 10 km 6 2 mi north of the city center within city limits The old airport was replaced due to tall buildings and nighttime fog that made landing from the south difficult The old airport has become a metropolitan park Rail transportation Edit There is a railroad that goes through the southern part of Quito and passes through the Estacion de Chimbacalle It is managed by the Empresa de Ferrocarriles Ecuatorianos EFE This form of transportation is nowadays used mostly for tourism Subway Edit A 23 km 14 mi metro subway system Quito Metro is under construction Phase One begun in 2013 entailed the construction of stations at La Magdalena and El Labrador Phase Two begun in 2016 involves 13 more stations a depot and sub systems The project is expected to carry 400 000 passengers per day and to cost 1 5 billion with financing coming from the World Bank the Inter American Development Bank IDB the European Investment Bank EIB and the Development Bank of Latin America CAF 44 and is expected to be operating in December 2022 45 46 47 Points of interest EditMain article List of buildings in Quito Historic center Edit The large Basilica of San Francisco built between 1535 and 1650 Quito has the largest least altered and best preserved historic center in the Americas 5 This center was together with the historic center of Krakow Poland the first to be declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO on 18 September 1978 The historic center of Quito is to the south of the capital s current center on an area of 320 ha 790 acres and one of the most important historic areas in Latin America There are about 130 monumental buildings which host a variety of pictorial art and sculpture mostly religiously inspired in a multi faceted range of schools and styles and 5 000 properties registered in the municipal inventory of heritage properties citation needed Palacio de CarondeletPalacio de Carondelet Spanish Palacio de Carondelet is the seat of the Government of the Republic of Ecuador located in the historic center of Quito The palace overlooks the bustling public space known as Independence Square or Plaza Grande colonial name together with the Archbishop s Palace the Municipal Palace the Hotel Plaza Grande and the Metropolitan Cathedral During the Republican era almost all the presidents constitutional internees and dictators have governed from the Carondelet Palace The presidential residence is located on the third level of the Palace along with administrative offices The residence is a luxurious colonial style apartment in which the President and his family dwell Rafael Correa president from 2007 to 2017 converted the presidential compound into a museum that is accessible to all who wish to visit it Basilica del Voto NacionalThe monumental Basilica del Voto Nacional is the most important neo Gothic building in Ecuador and one of the most representative of the American continent It was once the largest in the New World Quito Metropolitan CathedralThe Quito Metropolitan Cathedral is one of the largest religious symbols of spiritual value for the Catholic community in the city Construction of this church began in 1535 seventeen years after the Diocese of Quito was created in 1545 The church building was completed in 1799 during the administration of President of the Real Audiencia Baron Hector de Carondelet citation needed One of the major events that took place in this cathedral was the murder of the Bishop of Quito Jose Ignacio Checa y Barba who during the mass of Good Friday on 30 March 1877 was poisoned by strychnine dissolved in the consecrated wine The cathedral is also the burial place of the remains of the Grand Marshal Antonio Jose de Sucre and also of several presidents of the Republic as well as of bishops and priests who died in the diocese The cathedral is on the south side of the Plaza de La Independencia citation needed Church of La Compania de JesusConstruction of The Church of La Compania began in 1605 Building took 160 years In 1765 the work was completed with the construction of the facade This was done by Native Americans who carefully shaped the stones to build the facade in the ornate Baroque style in what is one of the finest examples of this art in the Americas Basilica of San FranciscoThe Basilica of San Francisco is the largest of the existing architectural ensembles in the historic centers of cities in Latin America The construction of the church began in 1550 on land adjacent to the plaza where the Native Americans engaged in the barter of products Church of El SagrarioIn colonial times the Church of El Sagrario was one of the largest architectural marvels of Quito The construction is of the Italian Renaissance style and it was built in the late 17th century It has a screen that supports its sculptures and decorations This structure was built by Bernardo de Legarda Its central arch leads to a dome decorated with frescoes of biblical scenes featuring archangels It was done by Francisco Alban The altarpiece was gilded by Legarda It is located on Calle Garcia Moreno near the cathedral citation needed Church of Santo DomingoThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed August 2011 Learn how and when to remove this template message Church of Santo Domingo Although they arrived in Quito in 1541 the Dominicans started to build their own temple in 1580 using the plans of Francisco Becerra and under his direction The work was completed in the first half of the 17th century Inside the church are valuable structures such as the neo Gothic main altar This was installed in the late 19th century by Italian Dominicans The roof of the Mudejar style church features paintings of martyrs of the Order of Saint Dominic The roof of the nave is supported by a pair and knuckle frame decorated inside by tracery In the museum on the north side of the lower cloister there are wonderful pieces by great Quito sculptors such as the Saint Dominic de Guzman by Father Carlos the Saint John of God by Caspicara and the Saint Thomas Aquinas by Legarda Another Baroque masterpiece that still stands today is the Chapel of Nuestra Senora del Rosario a recognizable architectural icon of Quito This chapel was built next to the church The largest fraternity in the city of Quito was founded in this chapel Carondelet Palace office and house of the Presidents of Ecuador Quito Metropolitan Cathedral built between 1535 1799 Church of La Compania de Jesus Basilica del Voto Nacional Basilica of San Francisco built between 1535 1650 Interior of the basilica of San Francisco View of the Church of Santo Domingo Interior of the church of Santo Domingo Chapel of the Rosary within the church of Santo Domingo Gangotena Palace Municipal Palace in the Plaza Grande Plaza Grande Centro de Arte Contemporaneo Quito Antiguo Hospital Militar Centro Historico Quito View of Quito from Basilica del Voto Nacional Virgin of El Panecillo Cemetery of San Diego QuitoEl Panecillo Edit View of Quito from El Panecillo El Panecillo is a hill in the middle west of the city at an altitude of about 3 016 m 9 895 ft above sea level A monument to the Virgin Mary is located on top of El Panecillo and is visible from most of the city of Quito In 1976 the Spanish artist Agustin de la Herran Matorras was commissioned by the religious order of the Oblates to build a 41 m 135 ft tall aluminum monument of a madonna which was assembled on a high pedestal on the top of Panecillo The statue of the Virgin on the Panecillo is a replica of a sculpture made by Bernardo de Legarda in 1732 So this monument is also called Virgen de Legarda or Virgen del Panecillo La Mariscal Edit This modern area is considered to be the city s entertainment hub It is a meeting point for both local residents and tourists Its cosmopolitan atmosphere is expressed in a wide variety of culinary artistic and cultural options and the large number of hotels inns travel agencies shops bars and discotheques that light up when the sun sets 48 El Gran Desfile de Mariscal the Great Parade of Mariscal is held in this area during the Fiestas de Quito 49 Plaza Foch La Zona Edit Plaza Foch This area is considered to be the zona rosa of the city It hosts various night clubs and bars and has a great night vibe complete with street vendors selling gum cigarettes and other small items Plaza Foch is heavily frequented from Thursday to Saturday and draws tourists from all over the world For this reason prices for liquor beer and food are expensive compared to other places in Quito Due to its small driveways and big sidewalks it s mostly a pedestrian area Parks Edit Metropolitano Edit Parque Metropolitano Guanguiltagua 50 is the largest urban park in South America at 1 376 acres 5 57 km2 as reference New York s Central Park is 843 acres 341 ha The park is located in northern Quito on the hill of Bellavista behind Estadio Olimpico Atahualpa The park is suited for mountain biking walking and running Most of it is eucalyptus forest with trails but there also are numerous sculptures on display The park has four sites that can be used for picnics or barbecues and the eastern section has a view of Cotopaxi Antisana and the Guayllabamba river basin Bicentenario Edit Parque Bicentenario is the second largest urban park in Quito surpassed only by the Parque Metropolitano located in the site of the Old Mariscal Sucre International Airport It was inaugurated on 27 April 2013 This park has 200 acres 81 ha and it is located at 2 800 m 9 186 ft above mean sea level The former runway has been converted into recreational space with lanes painted for bicycles and pedestrians There are play structures and games for children As well there is outdoor exercise equipment for adults The park contains a man made pond and more than one thousand trees many newly planted The park also hosts cultural exhibits and outdoor concerts La Carolina Edit La Carolina Park next to Amazonas Avenue La Carolina 51 is a 165 5 acre 670 000 m2 park in the center of the Quito main business area bordered by the avenues Rio Amazonas de los Shyris Naciones Unidas Eloy Alfaro and de la Republica This park started from the expropriation of the farm La Carolina in 1939 The design of the park was made by the Direccion Metropolitana de Planificacion Territorial DMPT Pope John Paul II headed a great mass in the park during his visit to Ecuador in 1985 52 A giant cross has been built in this place El Ejido Edit El Ejido 53 is the fourth largest park of Quito after Metropolitan Bicentenario and La Carolina and it divides the old part of the city from the modern one This park is known for handicrafts available for sale every Saturday and Sunday with all pricing subject to negotiation that is haggling Local painters sell copies of paintings by Oswaldo Guayasamin 54 Eduardo Kingman and Gonzalo Endara Crow Otavalenos sell traditional sweaters ponchos carpets and jewelry Guapulo Edit Set on the side on a cliff with Gonzalez Suarez Street one of the most famous in Quito and to the other side the valley and further in the distance the Amazon Jungle Guapulo is a district of Quito Ecuador also called an electoral parish parroquia electoral urbana The parish was established as a result of the October 2004 political elections when the city was divided into 19 urban electoral parishes 55 Set behind Hotel Quito the neighborhood of Guapulo runs down the winding Camino de Orellana from Gonzalez Suarez to Calle de los Conquistadores the main road out of Quito and to the neighboring suburbs 56 57 Often considered an artsy bohemian neighborhood of Quito Guapulo is home to many local artists and a couple of hippy cafes bars Every year on 7 September the guapulenos honor their neighborhood with the Fiestas de Guapulo a fantastic celebration complete with costumes parade food drink song dance and fireworks La Alameda Edit The long triangular La Alameda is located at the beginning of street Guayaquil where the historic center begins It has an impressive monument of Simon Bolivar at the apex There are several other interesting monuments in this park In the center of the park is the Quito Observatory which was opened by President Garcia Moreno in 1873 It is used for both meteorology and astronomy At the north end of the park are two ornamental lakes where rowboats can be rented La Floresta Edit One of the most iconic neighborhoods in the city with an important cultural and gastronomic offer The neighborhood has local and international restaurants a cinema small theaters cafes bars museums and coworking spaces La Circasiana door currently at the north end of El Ejido park Originally the entrance door to the Circasiana Palace in La Mariscal neighborhood Astronomic observatory in the Alameda park Sucre National TheatreTeleferiQo Edit Main article TeleferiQo TeleferiQo The Aerial tramway Station at Cruz Loma part of the Pichincha mountain complex at about 4 000 m 13 000 ft Since July 2005 Quito has had an aerial tramway known as the Teleferiqo from the city center to the hill known as Cruz Loma on the east side of the Pichincha volcano The ride takes visitors to an elevation of about 4 100 m 13 500 ft There are also trails for hiking and areas where pictures can be taken of Quito Because of the increased elevation and the wind on the mountain it is considerably cooler Besides the aerial tramway to Cruz Loma the Teleferiqo as a whole is a visitor center that includes an amusement park Vulqano Park fine dining restaurants Go Karts Paint Ball shopping malls an extensive food court and other attractions Outside the city Edit The monument at the equator La Mitad del Mundo La Mitad del Mundo 58 the middle of the world is a small village administered by the prefecture of the province of Pichincha 35 km 22 mi north of Quito It has since been determined with the use of Global Positioning System technology that the actual equator is some 240 m 790 ft north of the monument area Nearby is the Intinan Solar Museum which may be closer to the true equator 59 The Intinan Solar Museum provides a demonstration which purports to show the Coriolis force causing a clockwise rotation of sink water a few meters south of the equator and a counterclockwise rotation a few meters north 60 but many scientific sources claim that this is implausible 61 62 63 64 65 Pululahua Geobotanical Reserve located a few miles northwest from La Mitad del Mundo contains the Pululahua volcano whose caldera crater is visible from a spot easily accessible by car It is believed to be one of only a few in the world with human inhabitants Quito Zoo 66 located near the rural parish of Guayllabamba about 20 km 12 mi outside Quito has the biggest collection of native fauna in Ecuador including several kinds of animals that are sometimes targeted in Ecuador in the illegal fur trade The Zoo works in conservation and education in Ecuador and has successfully bred the endangered Andean condor Maquipucuna Reserve is located in Quito s rural parish of Nanegal This 14 000 acre high biodiversity rainforest and cloud forest reserve protects over 1966 species of plants 67 10 of Ecuador s plant diversity and close to 400 bird species This reserve which is surrounded by a 34 000 acre protected forest was declared an IBA Important Bird Area in 2005 68 and is the core of the conservation corridor for the spectacled bear Andean bear declared in 2013 69 The area has an ecolodge located in the northern end of the Reserve where the spectacled bear can be sighted for about two months every year Some of the other nearby natural attractions are Maquipucuna Reserve Conservation community projects bird watching spectacled bear watching Bellavista Cloud Forest Reserve conservation and bird watching lodge Cayambe Coca Ecological Reserve Papallacta amp Oyacachi thermal springs Cotopaxi National Park Mindo Nambillo cloud forest Illiniza volcano Pasochoa Wildlife Refuge Pichincha volcano with its peaks Wawa Pichincha and Ruku PichinchaCulture Edit See also Quito School Quito is a city with a mix of modern day and traditional culture There is a large Catholic presence in Quito most notably Quito observes Holy Week with a series of ceremonies and rituals that begin on Palm Sunday At noon on Good Friday the March of the Penitents proceeds from the Church of San Francisco 70 Education Edit Central University of Ecuador Universities Edit According to the National Council for Higher Education of Ecuador CONESUP these are the universities founded in or around Quito before 2006 71 University Foundation DateCentral University of Ecuador 18 March 1826National Polytechnic School 27 August 1869Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador 4 November 1946Universidad San Francisco de Quito 25 October 1988Instituto de Altos Estudios Nacionales 20 June 1972Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales 16 December 1974Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE 8 December 1977Universidad Tecnologica Equinoccial 18 February 1986Universidad Andina Simon Bolivar 27 January 1992International SEK 30 June 1993Universidad de las Americas 29 November 1995Universidad Internacional del Ecuador 30 August 1996Universidad Del Pacifico Escuela de Negocios 18 December 1997Universidad de Especialidade Turisticas 31 March 2000Universidad de los Hemisferios 20 May 2004Universidad Politecnica Salesiana 5 August 1994Libraries Edit One of the oldest and most important library in Ecuador is the Central University Library in Quito It was founded in 1586 and has 170 000 volumes in its possession 72 The Aurelio Espinoza Polit in Cotocollao Casas de la Cultura and Catholic University are also important ones Museums Edit Collage National Museum of Ecuador National Museum of Ecuador This art museum houses five displays Each covers a different time period ranging from prehistory to modern Ecuador 73 Museo de Arte Contemporaneas Located north of Basilica del Voto Nacional this museum has permanent and temporary exhibitions The historic building used to be a military hospital and was renovated for its new purpose Casa del Alabado Located just south of Plaza San Francisco this is the Old Town s newest museum and houses a collection of pre colonial art The building is one of the oldest houses in the city Museo de la Ciudad A museum dedicated to the history of Quito Located just east of the Plaza de Santo Domingo 74 it is housed in the buildings of the former San Juan de Dios Hospital a UNESCO Cultural World Heritage Site La Capilla del Hombre A museum showcasing the work of legendary Ecuadorian Artist Oswaldo Guayasamin Ecuador National Museum of Medicine A museum dedicated to the history of medicine 75 in Quito founded by Eduardo Estrella Aguirre Estrella was in the Archives of the Royal Botanical Gardens in Madrid Spain in 1985 and uncovered the lost papers and paintings documenting one of the first expeditions to South America In Madrid Spain Estrella worked for many years and documented his observations in the archive and was able to publish the extensive work of Juan Tafalla in a book called Flora Huayaquilensis Museum House of Sucre This museum is dedicated to life of Mariscal Antonio Jose de Sucre a hero of Ecuadorian independence The ground floor has an array of weapons and military relics many of which belonged to Sucre himself The second floor has been restored to what it might have looked like in Sucre s time 76 Quito Colonial Art Museum Centro Cultural Metropolitano Alberto Mena Caamano MuseumSports Edit Atahualpa Olympic Stadium Quito is home prominent football clubs in the country The city s top clubs LDU Quito El Nacional Deportivo Quito Aucas and Independiente del Valle have won 31 nacional leagues and 3 Ecuador Cups and 3 Ecuador supercups adding to a total of 37 national championships Deportivo Quito was also the first out of the three home teams to win the title Quito is the only city in Ecuador which has clubs that have won continental titles LDU Quito is the only club from Ecuador to have won the Comebol Libertadores Also won 3 other continental titles making it the greatest club in the country The other club being Independiente del Valle which won the CONMEBOL Sudamericana in 2019 and 2022 adding un 6 continental titles for the city and the country El Nacional is the fourth most titled team in Ecuador s history with 13 America de Quito was one of the most titled clubs in the past but has recently played in the lower divisions The professional teams in the city are America de Quito Aucas Deportivo Quito El Nacional LDU Quito Universidad CatolicaOne of the more interesting facts of Quito is that the stadiums are located over 2 800 m 9 200 ft above sea level this gives the city the special feature and a great advantage for local teams when they play against foreign teams and it is one of the reasons that has allowed Ecuador qualify for three World Cups 77 Crime EditSee also Crime in Ecuador The U S Department of State notes that petty theft is the most common crime issue facing tourists in Quito 78 stating in 2015 Pickpocketing purse snatching robbery bag slashing and hotel room theft are the most common types of crimes committed against U S citizens 79 Notable people EditPoet Jorge Carrera Andrade b 1902 Quito d 1978 Quito Novelist Jorge Icaza b 1906 Quito d 1978 Quito Film Director Sebastian Cordero b 1972 Quito Painter Oswaldo Guayasamin b 1919 Quito d 1999 Baltimore U S Professional Footballer Christian Benitez b 1 May 1986 Quito d 29 July 2013 Doha Qatar Catholic Saint Mariana de Jesus de Paredes b 1618 Quito d 1645 Quito Scientist Eugenio Espejo b 21 February 1747 d December 1795 Chicago politician and community activist Byron Sigcho Lopez b 7 July 1983 Cellist Teodelinda Teran Hicks 1889 1959 Revolutionary Manuela Saenz Born 27 December 1797 Quito Died 23 November 1856 Paita Peru Formula 2 Driver Juan Manuel Correa Born 9 August 1999 Quito Midwife and professor Juana Miranda 1842 Quito 1914 Quito Twin towns sister cities EditSee also List of twin towns and sister cities in Ecuador Quito is twinned with Bogota Colombia 80 Cadiz Spain 81 Doha Qatar 82 Guangzhou China 83 Guarulhos Brazil 84 Krakow Poland 85 Lima Peru 86 Louisville United States 87 Madrid Spain 88 Managua Nicaragua 89 Medellin Colombia 90 Mexico City Mexico 91 La Paz Bolivia 92 Taipei Taiwan 93 See also Edit Ecuador portalList of buildings in Quito List of cities in Ecuador Pichincha Province Metropolitan District of Quito Ciudad Mitad del MundoReferences Edit Ecuador Encyclopaedia Britannica vol VII 9th ed New York Charles Scribner s Sons 1878 p 649 Guagua Pichincha Instituto Geofisico Escuela Politecnica Nacional 27 April 2022 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Contact Us TAME Retrieved on 14 March 2010 Encuentran indicios de los primeros habitantes de Quito Ecuador Red Historia in Spanish 16 November 2019 Retrieved 28 April 2022 a b c City of Quito UNESCO World Heritage Whc unesco org Retrieved 30 April 2010 Security Watch South American unity International Relations and Security Network Retrieved 1 August 2008 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help a b Robert E Bell Archaeological Investigation at the Site of EI Inga Ecuador Sam Noble Museum Sam Noble Museum Retrieved 30 June 2017 Lleras Roberto The Cambridge Prehistory of Ecuador Colombia and Venezuela El Telegrafo City in Spanish Quito Distrito Metropolitano Archived from the original on 13 October 2017 Retrieved 2 August 2008 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Bruquetas Rocio Medina Dolores 2015 Vista de la entrada en la ciudad de Quito de las tropas espanolas en 1809 Conservacion y restauracion PDF Anales del Museo de America in Spanish 23 129 142 ISSN 1133 8741 Wikidata Q111319599 Brown Robert J 2004 Manipulating the Ether McFarland pp 251 252 ISBN 0 7864 2066 9 Episode 200 We Interrupt This Program 11 4 2022 Criminal 4 November 2022 Retrieved 22 November 2022 Quito Ecuador Travel Guide Altitude Hotels Airport Tours ecuadorexplorer com Retrieved 22 November 2016 Chris Beall Ecuador s top 10 volcanic experiences travel tips and articles Lonely Planet Retrieved 12 March 2013 Naumova En Yepes H Griffiths Jk Sempertegui F Khurana G Jagai Js Jativa E Estrella B July 2007 Guagua Pichincha Environmental Health National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service 6 1 21 doi 10 1186 1476 069X 6 21 PMC 1947976 PMID 17650330 Archived from the original on 15 September 2008 Retrieved 2 August 2008 Guagua Pichincha Operational Significant Event Imagery National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Archived from the original on 15 September 2008 Retrieved 28 March 2013 Le Pennec J L et al 2006 Characteristics and impacts of recent ash falls produced by Tungurahua and El Reventador volcanoes Ecuador Fourth Conference Cities on Volcanoes PDF archived from the original PDF on 30 October 2008 Geography Retrieved 29 March 2013 Weather Sitio Oficial Turistico de Quito Archived from the original on 19 July 2011 Retrieved 2 August 2008 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Average weather for Quito The Weather Channel Retrieved 2 August 2008 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Radiacion UV nociva en Guayaquil y Quito www eluniverso com El gran Guayaquil 23 October 2008 Retrieved 29 September 2014 Alertan sobre rayos UV en Quito www metroecuador com Metro Ecuador Archived from the original on 6 October 2014 Retrieved 29 September 2014 Yanahuaico Weather Personal Weather Station IPICHINC3 by Wunderground com Weather Underground wunderground com World Weather Information Service Guayaquil Met Office Retrieved 16 January 2016 World Weather Information Service Quito World Meteorological Organization Retrieved 2 March 2013 WMO Normals Guayaquil NOAA Retrieved 16 January 2016 Quito Mariscal Sucre World Weather Records 9th Series 1991 2000 NOAA Retrieved 2 March 2013 Quito Monthly Temperature weather history Voodoo Skies Retrieved 21 November 2014 Cappelen John Jensen Jens Ecudaor Quito PDF Climate Data for Selected Stations 1931 1960 in Danish Danish Meteorological Institute p 81 Archived from the original PDF on 16 January 2013 Retrieved 2 March 2013 Quito Ecuador Monthly weather forecast and Climate data Weather Atlas Retrieved 25 January 2019 Working in Quito internations org Retrieved 22 November 2016 Contacto in Spanish Petroecuador Archived from the original on 7 February 2016 Retrieved 4 February 2016 GaWC The World According to GaWC www lboro ac uk Retrieved 5 February 2016 Diccionario Cabildo Parroquias quito gob ec Retrieved 8 July 2009 permanent dead link Parroquias de Quito Arquidiocesisdequito org Archived from the original on 8 March 2009 Retrieved 8 July 2009 Sistema Convencional de Transporte PDF in Spanish Metrobus Quito Archived from the original PDF on 10 September 2008 Retrieved 4 August 2008 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help BiciQ Bicicleta Publica in Spanish BiciQ Archived from the original on 18 September 2013 Retrieved 13 September 2013 Bici Q 1 078 carnetizados La Hora Nacional in Spanish Quito Ecuador La Hora 31 August 2012 Retrieved 13 September 2013 La bici publica rodara desde el martes El Comercio com in Spanish Quito Grupo El Comercio 27 July 2012 Retrieved 13 September 2013 Cars are besieging Quito El Comercio in Spanish Archived from the original on 27 September 2007 Retrieved 4 August 2008 TRAQ Tren Rapido de Quito PDF in Spanish Archived from the original PDF on 28 February 2007 Carvajal Ana 24 May 2019 El Metro entrara a operar entre marzo y abril del 2020 El Comercio Retrieved 16 June 2019 World bank backs Metro Quito construction GlobalRailNews 4 August 2013 Osava Mario 30 November 2016 Subway Will Modernise and Further Gentrify Historic Centre of Quito Inter Press Service Retrieved 21 December 2016 Salazar Paul 5 December 2016 The Economic Recovery of Quito Takes the Subway Working for a World Free of Poverty World Bank Retrieved 21 December 2016 Operacion del Metro de Quito ahora se preve para junio del 2022 El Comercio 30 June 2021 Retrieved 6 July 2021 The Great Guide Quito Fiestas de Quito 2022 Fechas y horario del Gran desfile de La Mariscal El Universo in Spanish 2 December 2022 Retrieved 12 December 2022 Parque Metropolitano Guanguiltagua in Spanish Archived from the original on 23 February 2009 Sitio Oficial Turistico de Quito Parque La Carolina Quito com ec Archived from the original on 27 November 2010 Retrieved 8 July 2009 Pope John Paul II landing in Ecuador during a UPI Retrieved 15 November 2022 Sitio Oficial Turistico de Quito Parque El Ejido Quito com ec Archived from the original on 5 September 2013 Retrieved 8 July 2009 Guayasamin com Archived from the original on 8 March 2005 Quito Lonely Planet Archived from the original on 29 September 2008 Retrieved 31 October 2015 Reserved Copyright c 2006 2011 METAMORF S A All Rights Guapulo Guapulo Local Guide Top rated Activities Trips and Travel Tips for Guapulo V VA Travel Guides vivatravelguides com Arts and Crafts in Guapulo Archived from the original on 28 January 2010 Welcome to Mitad del Mundo GoEcuador com Archived from the original on 4 December 2004 Intinan Solar Museum Home of the true equator Atlas Obscura Retrieved 21 December 2016 Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine TheLazyInvestor Ecuador At The Equator Water Demonstration Coriolis Effect YouTube Retrieved 21 December 2016 Bad Coriolis Retrieved 21 December 2016 Flush Bosh Retrieved 21 December 2016 Does the rotation of the Earth affect toilets and baseball games 20 July 2009 Retrieved 21 December 2016 Can somebody finally settle this question Does water flowing down a drain spin in different directions depending on which hemisphere you re in And if so why Scientific American Retrieved 21 December 2016 Can You Detect The Coriolis Effect in your Sink 18 December 2005 Retrieved 21 December 2016 permanent dead link Quito Zoo Quito Zoo Archived from the original on 21 May 2012 Retrieved 21 May 2012 Maquipucuna Florula ucdavis edu BirdLife Data Zone birdlife org Conservation Corridor Resolution Ecuador s Cultural Events amp Festivals Your Escape to Ecuador yourescapetoecuador com Archived from the original on 28 June 2013 Retrieved 22 November 2016 Consejo Nacional de Educacion Superior del Ecuador Conesup net Archived from the original on 11 June 2010 Retrieved 30 April 2010 Libraries and museums Ecuador nationsencyclopedia com Retrieved 22 November 2016 Banco Central del Ecuador Bce fin ec Archived from the original on 5 September 2009 Retrieved 30 April 2010 Museo de la Ciudad Quito Ecuador in Spanish Museociudadquito gov ec Archived from the original on 29 April 2010 Retrieved 30 April 2010 Ecuador Terra Incognita La Flora Huayaquilensis Terraecuador net 14 February 2004 Retrieved 15 September 2011 Quito Official Travel Information Site Ecuador Sucre House Museum Quito com ec Archived from the original on 19 July 2011 Retrieved 30 April 2010 Quito Sports studylanguages org Archived from the original on 5 March 2017 Retrieved 22 November 2016 Thyberg David Is It Safe for Americans to Travel to Quito Ecuador USA Today Archived from the original on 4 October 2015 Ecuador 2015 Crime and Safety Report OSAC 4 June 2015 Cabildos de Quito y Bogota aumentan la cooperacion eltelegrafo com ec in Spanish El Telegrafo 15 February 2012 Retrieved 17 December 2021 Quito y Cadiz firman Hermanamiento y estrechan lazos de cooperacion quitoinforma gob ec in Spanish Quito Informa 8 November 2018 Retrieved 17 December 2021 Quito y Doha firman acuerdo de hermanamiento quitoinforma gob ec in Spanish Quito Informa 3 October 2018 Retrieved 17 December 2021 Sister Cities eguangzhou gov cn Guangzhou Retrieved 17 December 2021 Cooperacao Internacional guarulhos sp gov br in Portuguese Guarulhos Retrieved 17 December 2021 Wspolpraca miedzynarodowa z miastami zagranicznymi bip krakow pl in Polish Biuletyn informacji publicznej miasta Krakowa Retrieved 17 December 2021 Informacion de Gobierno proyectoallas net in Spanish AL LAs 2 January 2014 Retrieved 18 December 2021 Home sclou org Sister Cities of Louisville Retrieved 17 December 2021 Agreements with cities madrid es Madrid Retrieved 16 December 2021 Condecoracion al embajador del Ecuador Antonio Preciado Bedoya bolsadenoticias com ni in Spanish Bolsa de Noticias 31 July 2013 Retrieved 17 December 2021 Medellin is Puerto Morelos first twin city acimedellin org ACI Medellin 6 August 2019 Retrieved 17 December 2021 Acuerdos interinstitucionales registrados por dependencias y municipios de Ciudad de Mexico sre gob mx in Spanish Secretaria de relaciones exteriores Retrieved 17 December 2021 Hermanamientos lapaz bo in Spanish La Paz Retrieved 17 December 2021 International Sister Cities tcc gov tw Taipei City Council Retrieved 17 December 2021 Bibliography EditSee also Bibliography of the history of QuitoExternal links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Quito Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Quito Quito Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 22 11th ed 1911 Explore the City of Quito in the UNESCO collection on Google Arts and Culture Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Quito amp oldid 1132894442, wikipedia, wiki, 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