Antalya (Turkish pronunciation:[anˈtalja]ⓘ) is the fifth-most populous city in Turkey as well as the capital of Antalya Province.[2] It is seen as the "capital of tourism" in Turkey.[3] Located on Anatolia's southwest coast bordered by the Taurus Mountains, Antalya is the largest Turkish city on the Mediterranean coast outside the Aegean region with over 2.6 million people in its metropolitan area.[4][5][6]
The city that is now Antalya was first settled around 200 BC by the Attalid dynasty of Pergamon, which was soon conquered by the Romans. Roman rule saw Antalya thrive, including the construction of several new monuments, such as Hadrian's Gate, and the proliferation of neighboring cities. The city has changed hands several times, including to the Seljuk Empire in 1207 and an expanding Ottoman Empire in 1391.[7] Ottoman rule brought relative peace and stability for the next five hundred years. The city was occupied by Italy for three years in the aftermath of World War I, but was recaptured by a newly independent Turkey in the Turkish War of Independence.
While the city itself only has modest elevation changes, Antalya has high mountains in all directions to its interior. With moisture being trapped, the local climate thus has high winter rainfall, while the interior bay setting result in very hot summers for a coastal city.
The city is Turkey's biggest international sea resort, on the Turkish Riviera. Large-scale development and governmental funding has promoted tourism. Antalya has surpassed Paris and New York City to become the fourth most visited city in the world, with more than 16.5 million foreign visitors in 2023.[8]
The city was founded as "Attaleia" (Ancient Greek: Ἀττάλεια), named after its founder Attalos II, king of Pergamon.[9] This name, still in use in Greek, was later evolved in Turkish as Adalia and then Antalya.[10] Attaleia was also the name of a festival at Delphi and Attalis (Greek: Ἀτταλίς) was the name of an old Greek tribe at Athens.[11][12] Despite the close similarity, there is no connection with the name Anatolia.
King Attalus II of Pergamon is looked on as founder of the city in about 150 BC, during the Hellenistic period. It was named Attaleia or Attalia (Ancient Greek: Ἀττάλεια)[13] in his honour. The city served as a naval base for Attalus's powerful fleet. Excavations in 2008, in the Doğu Garajı plot, uncovered remains dating to the 3rd century BC, suggesting that Attalea was a rebuilding and expansion of an earlier town.
Attalea became part of the Roman Empire in 133 BC when Attalus III, a nephew of Attalus II, bequeathed his kingdom to Rome at his death in 133 BC. The city grew and prospered during the Ancient Roman period and was part of the Roman province of Pamphylia Secunda, whose capital was Perga. Christianity started to spread to the region even in the 1st century: Attalea was visited by Paul of Tarsus and Barnabas, as recorded in the Acts of the Apostles: "Then they passed through Pisidia and came to Pamphylia. And when they had spoken the word in Perga, they went down to Attalea, and from there they sailed to Antioch".[14] Some of the bishops attributed to the episcopal see of Attalea in Pamphylia may instead have been bishops of Attalea in Lydia (Yanantepe), since Le Quien lists them under both sees.[15][16] No longer a residential bishopric, Attalea in Pamphylia is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see.[17]
The 13th-century Seljuk mosque at Attalea, now in ruins, had been a Christian Byzantine basilica from the 7th century. The Great Mosque had also been a Christian basilica and the Kesik Minare Mosque had been the 5th-century Christian Church of the Panaghia or Virgin and was decorated with finely carved marble. The archaeological museum at Attalea houses some sarcophagi and mosaics from nearby Perga and a casket of bones reputed to be those of St. Nicholas, the bishop of Myra, further down the Turquoise coast. The area of Antalya was subject to naval attacks by the Arabs of the Abbasid Caliphate.
Attalea was a major city in the Byzantine Empire. It was the capital of the Byzantine Theme of the Cibyrrhaeots, which occupied the southern coasts of Anatolia. According to the research of Speros Vryonis, it was the major naval station on the southern Anatolian coast, a major commercial center, and the most convenient harbor between the Aegean Sea and Cyprus and points further east. Besides the local merchants, "one could expect to see Armenians, Saracens, Jews, and Italians."[18]
At the time of the accession of John II Komnenos in 1118, Attalea was an isolated outpost surrounded by Turkish beyliks, accessible only by sea,[19] but his capture of Sozopolis in 1120 re-opened land-communication with the city once more. Following the Sack of Constantinople by the Crusaders in 1204, Niketas Choniates records that one Aldebrandus, "an Italian by birth who was strictly raised according to Roman tradition" controlled Attalea as his own fief. When Kaykhusraw, sultan of the Seljuk Turks attempted to capture the city in 1206, Aldebrandus sent to Cyprus for help and received 200 Latin infantry who defeated the attackers after a siege of less than 16 days.[20] Kaykhusraw would take Attalea the following year and build its first mosque.[21][22] Christians rebelled and captured Attalea with aid of Walter of Montbéliard in 1212. Briefly restored Byzantine rule in Attalea was ended by Kaykaus I in 1216.[23]
The city and the surrounding region were conquered by the Seljuk Turks in the early 13th century. Attalea was the capital of the Turkish beylik of Teke (1321–1423) until its conquest by the Ottomans, except for a period of Cypriot rule between 1361 and 1373. The Arab traveller Ibn Battuta, who visited the city in 1335–1340, noted:[24]
From Alanya I went to Antaliya [Adalia], a most beautiful city. It covers an immense area, and though of vast bulk is one of the most attractive towns to be seen anywhere, besides being exceedingly populous and well laid out. Each section of the inhabitants lives in a separate quarter. The Christian merchants live in a quarter of the town known as the Mina [the Port], and are surrounded by a wall, the gates of which are shut upon them from without at night and during the Friday service. The Greeks, who were its former inhabitants, live by themselves in another quarter, the Jews in another, and the king and his court and Mamluks in another, each of these quarters being walled off likewise. The rest of the Muslims live in the main city. Round the whole town and all the quarters mentioned there is another great wall. The town contains orchards and produces fine fruits, including an admirable kind of apricot, called by them Qamar ad-Din, which has a sweet almond in its kernel. This fruit is dried and exported to Egypt, where it is regarded as a great luxury.
In the second half of the 17th century Evliya Çelebi wrote of a city of narrow streets containing 3,000 houses in 20 Turkish and four Greek neighborhoods. The town had grown beyond the city walls and the port was reported to hold up to 200 boats.
In the 19th century, in common with most of Anatolia, its sovereign was a "dere bey" (landlord or landowner). The family of Tekke Oğlu, domiciled near Perge had been reduced to submission in 1812 by Mahmud II, but continued to be a rival power to the Ottoman governor until the early 20th century, surviving by many years the fall of the other great beys of Anatolia. The records of the Levant (Turkey) Company, which maintained an agency in Antalya until 1825, documented the local dere beys.[25]
In the early 20th century, Antalya had two factories spinning and weaving cotton. As of 1920, the factories had 15,000 spindles and over 200 looms. A German-owned mill baled cotton. There were gin mills.[26]
In the 20th century, the population of Antalya increased as Muslim refugees from the Caucasus and the Balkans moved into Anatolia. The economy was centered on its port that served the inland areas, particularly Konya. Antalya (then Adalia) was picturesque rather than modern. The chief attraction for visitors was the city wall, and outside a promenade, a portion of which survives. The government offices and the houses of the higher classes were outside the walls.[25]
The Ottoman houses in Kaleiçi
As of 1920, Antalya was reported as having a population of approximately 30,000. The harbor was described as small, and unsafe for vessels to visit in the winter. Antalya was exporting wheat, flour, sesame seeds, livestock, timber and charcoal. The latter two were often exported to Egypt and other goods to Italy or other Greek islands, who received mainly flour. In 1920, the city had seven flour mills. Wheat was imported, and then processed in town before exportation. Antalya imported manufactured items, mainly from the United Kingdom.[27] The city had a Greek minority that made up 1/3 of the population until the population exchange. Antalya also had a tiny Armenian population which had a church on the street of "Hamam çikmazi" named Hovhannes Surp Garabed, which was later on demolished. Antalya also had a Jewish community which had a tiny Synagogue in the neighborhood of Balbey and a Talmud Torah. The Synagogue was closed in 1948 and its exact location is not known, and the Synagogue might not exist anymore. The Jewish community had 2 graveyards and one was located across "Donerciler carsisi"and was demolished when the area was opened to construction, but one marble tombstone belonging to a Jew named Raphael Moshe was transferred to the Antalya Museum where it can be seen in the museum garden.
The city was occupied by Italy for three years (1919-22) in the aftermath of World War I, but was recaptured by a newly independent Turkey in the Turkish War of Independence. Large-scale development beginning in the 1970s transformed Antalya from a pastoral town into one of Turkey's largest metropolitan areas. Much of this has been due to tourism, which expanded in the 21st century. In the 1987 singing diva Dalida held her last concert in Antalya.
Antalya was the host city for the 2015 G-20 summit and the EXPO 2016. Five countries have their consular missions in Antalya including Belgium, Germany, Russia, Serbia and the United Kingdom.[28]
Geographyedit
Climateedit
Köppen map of Antalya Province and surrounding regions:[29]
Antalya has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csa) or a dry-summer humid subtropical climate (Trewartha: Cf or 'wet Cs'). It experiences hot, dry summers and mild, rainy winters. While rainy spells are common and often heavy in winter, Antalya is very sunny, with nearly 3,000 hours of sunlight per year. Frost does occasionally occur at night almost every winter, but snow is a very rare phenomenon. The highest recorded air temperature reached 45.4 °C (113.7 °F) on 1 July 2017 which normally averages as high as 34.9 °C (94.8 °F) and the lowest record dropped to −4.6 °C (23.7 °F) in February, when the low average is as low as 5.9 °C (43 °F) in January. The mean sea temperature ranges between 16 °C (61 °F) in winter and 27 °C (81 °F) in summer.[30]
Climate data for Antalya (1991–2020, extremes 1930–2020)
In 2010, the Address-Based Birth Recording System showed a metropolitan population of 1,001,318 (502,491 male; 498,827 female).[35] Source for 1530–1889.[36] According to the TÜİK Institute of Statistics, as of October 2022, 120,000 foreigners live in the city.[37]
Agricultural production includes citrus fruits, cotton, cut flowers, olives, olive oil and bananas. Antalya Metropolitan Municipality's covered wholesale food market complex meets 65% of the fresh fruit and vegetable demand of the province.[38]
Since 2000, shipyards have been opened in Antalya Free Zone,[39] specialized in building pleasure yachts. Some of these yards have advanced in composites boat building technology.
Despite having architectural heritage dating back up to Hellenistic times, most historical architecture in Antalya date to the medieval Seljuk period, with a number of mosques, madrasahs, masjids, caravanserais, Turkish baths and tombs giving the city a Turkish-Islamic character.[42][43] Historical architecture is concentrated in the walled city, Kaleiçi; ancient structures are not well-preserved in the rest of the city of Antalya as the modern city was built on the ancient city.[44]Kaleiçi, with its narrow cobbled streets of historic Ottoman era houses, is the old center of Antalya. With its hotels, bars, clubs, restaurants, and shopping, it has been restored to retain much of its historical character.[44][45] It is surrounded by two walls in the shape of a horsenail, one of which is along the seafront, built in a continuous process from Hellenistic to Ottoman times. The historical harbour is located in this part of the city; narrow streets extend from the harbour and branch off into the old city, surrounded by wooden historical houses.[43] Cumhuriyet Square, the main square of the city and a spot very popular for tourists and locals, is surrounded by shopping and business centres and public buildings.[46] There are sites with traces of Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, and Seljuk architecture and cultures.[44] There are also examples of the local Greek architecture in the city, with five Greek Orthodox churches in the old city.[47]
The walled city is surrounded by a large metropolitan area. With high rates of immigration since the 1970s, this area contains large gecekondu neighborhoods that are not well-integrated into the fabric of the city and suffer from poor economic conditions and insufficient education. Gecekondu areas are concentrated in the Kepez district, where an estimated 70% of the houses were gecekondus in 2008.[48] In 2011, it was estimated that there were 50–60,000 gecekondus in Antalya, housing around 250,000 people.[49]
Antalya has beaches including Konyaaltı, Lara and Karpuzkaldıran. Beydağları and Saklikent are used for winter sports.
Historic sites in the city centeredit
The city is popular for its waterfalls.Ancient monuments include the City Walls, Hıdırlık Tower, Hadrian's Gate (also known as Triple Gate), and the Clock Tower.
İskele Mosque: A 19th-century Mosque near the marina.
Karatay Medrese: A Medrese (Islamic theological seminary) built in 1250 by Emir Celaleddin Karatay.
Kesik Minare (Broken Minaret) Mosque: Once a Roman temple then converted to a Byzantine Panayia church and finally into a mosque.
Tekeli Mehmet Paşa Mosque: An 18th-century Mosque built in honor of Tekeli Mehmet Paşa.
Yat Limanı: the harbour dating to Roman era.
Yivli Minare (Fluted Minaret) Mosque: Built by the Seljuks and decorated with dark blue and turquoise tiles. This minaret eventually became the symbol of the city.
Murat Pasha Mosque: A historic Ottoman mosque located in the city center.
Aya Yorgi Church (Saint George Church): A historic church built by the Greeks of Antalya which is currently used as a museum housing exhibitions of historical artifacts.
Saint Alypius Church: A tiny historic Greek Orthodox church which is still currently a functioning Orthodox Church.
Sultan Aladdin Mosque: A historic building built as a Greek Orthodox church in 1834 and converted into a mosque in the 1950s and currently used as a Mosque.
Ahi Yusuf Mosque: A historic mosque built in the year of 1249 and is possibly one of the oldest mosques in Antalya or even the oldest.
Ahi Kizi Masjid: Historic masjid located in the old town.
Kara Molla Masjid: Tiny historic masjid built in the 14th century.
Balibey Mosque: A historic mosque built by the vizier Bali Pasha.
Müsellim Mosque: A small historic mosque built by Hacı Osmanoğlu Mehmed Ağa in 1796.
Antalya Synagogue: A historic Synagogue used as house currently in the Balbey neighborhood between Kavakli Masjid and the Balbey Kesik Minaret Mosque.
Mevlevihane (Dervish lodge museum): A former Dervish lodge housing a museum about Dervishes and Sufism.
Antalya is the most popular summer tourism destination in Turkey.Antalya beach
There are urban parks and protected natural areas located outside the cities, allowing the people to have fun, rest and get closer to nature. Some of them are green areas around lake, pond and dam lakes, and some are highland and forest areas.
The prime urban green areas include Antalya City Forest, Atatürk Park, Kepez City Forest.
The largest amusement park in Antalya is the Aktur Park. Other modern recreational areas include 3 aquaparks in the city, Konyaaltı, Lara beaches, Beachpark especially for summer holidays, while Saklıkent also has facilities for skiing in the winter months.
The preserved nature areas include Güllük Mountain National Park in Antalya-Korkuteli highway, Mount Olympus National Park in Kemer and Düden and Kurşunlu Waterfalls. Other protected areas include the Damlataş and the Karain Cave and the Guver Cliff.
It offers picnic and recreation facilities in various parts of the city. Picnic areas, rafting facilities in Köprülü Kanyon in Manavgat. The part of Korkuteli-Antalya border in western part of Antalya is covered with forests. In these areas, picnic areas, playground, restaurant and similar facilities are provided. There are lake and forest views on the promenade at Feslikan Plateau to the west of the city center where visitors can also enjoy nature sports and nature walks. The oil wrestling competition festival organized in summer, what accompanied with concerts. The pond in Doyran town, located to the west of city is very suitable for picnic and fishing.
In addition to the open air recreation areas, the number of shopping centers, which have increased rapidly in recent years, can also be classified as a rest area with the facilities they offer. The shopping centers in the city are gathered in the center. Among the leading shopping centers in the city are Antalya 5M Migros, Antalya Kipa, Terra City, Deepo, Agora, and Mall of Antalya.
The mayor of the Antalya Metropolitan Municipality is Muhittin Böcek of the CHP, in office since 2019. For general elections, Antalya elects 18 Members of Parliament to the Turkish Grand National Assembly.
Electionsedit
Antalya has traditionally been seen as a stronghold for the Kemalist centre-left party Republican People's Party (CHP). Being the capital of the fifth most populous province in Turkey, Antalya is politically strategic and has been a target for the governing right-wing Justice and Development Party (AKP). The AKP unexpectedly won control of the Antalya Metropolitan Municipality in the 2004 local election. The AKP won a plurality in Antalya in the 2007 general election, symbolising the city's political transformation from a CHP stronghold to a CHP-AKP marginal battleground in the 21st century. The loss of Antalya was a major political setback for the CHP not only because of its significance as a centre for tourism, but also because the CHP's former leader Deniz Baykal is a Member of Parliament for the province. The province is divided into 19 districts.
The CHP regained control of the Metropolitan Municipality in the 2009 local elections, though the AKP won a plurality in the 2011 general election. The Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) also have a strong political base in Antalya, winning approximately between 15 and 25% of the vote in elections since 2007. The city voted in favour of the AKP government's proposed constitutional reforms in the 2007 referendum, but voted against the reforms proposed in 2010.
The city hosts a number of international sports competitions due to its longer lasting warm weather condition. Since 2006, one of the four stages of Archery World Cup events are held at the Antalya Centennial Archery Field. It also hosted European Weightlifting Championship in 2012, European Beach Volleyball Championship in 2003, European Triathlon Championship in 2013 and World Kickboxing Championships in 2013.
Akdeniz University enrolls over 60,000 students and 4,000 academic and administrative staff.[60]
Cultureedit
Cuisineedit
Scene around Kaleiçi, the old city centerA view of Antalya's coastlineThe Roman Theatre of Aspendos is one of the best preserved Roman theatres in the world.
Antalya's signature cuisine includes piyaz (made with tahini, garlic, walnuts, and boiled beans), şiş köfte (spicy meatball which is cooked around a stick) spicy hibeş with mixed cumin and tahini, tandır kebap, domates civesi, şakşuka, and various cold Mediterranean dishes with olive oil. One local speciality is tirmis, boiled seeds of the lupin, eaten as a snack. "Grida" (also known as Lagos or Mediterranean white grouper) is a fish common in local dishes.[citation needed]
Bir Zamanlar Antalya Müzesi: Located in Dokumapark, Kepez. Serving artifacts and documents about contemporary urban history of Antalya.
Kaleiçi Museum:[66] Opened in 2007 by the Mediterranean Civilizations Research Center (Akdeniz Medeniyetleri Araştırma Merkezi)[67]
Kepez Araba Müzesi: Located in Dokumapark, serving historical vehicles in contemporary history.
Kepez Open Air Museum: Serving scale models of various structures of Turkey. The models were located in Minicity park in Konyaaltı before the demolition of park in late 2010's and moving to current location in Dokumapark.
Mevlevihane Museum: Former dervish lodge with Sufi and Islamic cultural artifacts.
Suna & İnan Kıraç Kaleiçi Museum : An ethnographic museum run by the Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation.
Transportationedit
Antalya Nostalgic Trams
The main transportation to the city is by air and land. Sea routes are still under development. In 2007, the airport added a new terminal.
The city has a main port at the south of the Konyaaltı.
Busesedit
There is a network of look-alike Dolmuşes that are privately owned and operated minibuses, under municipal government control.
Antalya Ulaşım, a municipally-owned corporation, runs the public bus system. The corporation owns Antobus and Antray. Antobus was started in September 2010. In 2010, the city planned to increase from 40 to 140 more buses.[68]
Payment for public transportation was made in cash until the launch of a public transportation card, Antkart, in late 2007. The card system met with criticism and was subsequently canceled in June 2009, returning to a cash system. Halkkart has been used for the transportation system since the summer of 2010. Halkkart is managed by A-Kent Smart City Technologies under the control of Antalya Metropolitan Municipal government. Passengers can use identified cards to take buses or trams.[69]
The Antray Light RailTransportation lines of tram system
A tram system, opened in 1999, runs from Antalya Museum, and the Sheraton Voyager and Falez hotels, along the main boulevard through the city center at Kalekapisi, Hadrian's Gate, Karaalioglu Park, and ending at Talya Oteli. Trams depart on the hour and half-hour from the terminal (east and west), and reach Kalekapisi between 10 and 15 minutes later.
In December 2009, an 11.1-kilometre (6.9 mi) light rail line Antray was opened from one of the main city public bus hubs northwest to beyond suburban areas and the zoo. An extension to Airport, Aksu and Expo 2016 site was completed in 2016.
D400 connects with D650 in Antalya, while D650 alternative D685 connects to Isparta and provincial road 07-50 connects to Kumluca by Altınyaka, an alternative to D400.[70]
Airportsedit
Antalya Airport has two international terminals and one domestic terminal. In 2020, its number of passengers on international flights surpassed the total number at Istanbul Airport and Sabiha Gökçen International Airport for the first time, officially earning the title of "the capital of Turkish tourism".[71][72]
Antalya Public Transportation Statisticsedit
The average amount of time people spend commuting with public transit in Antalya, for example to and from work, on a weekday is 63 min. 14.% of public transit riders, ride for more than 2 hours every day. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is 23 min, while 50% of riders wait for over 20 minutes on average every day. The average distance people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is 7.6 kilometres (4.7 miles), while 13% travel for over 12 kilometres (7.5 miles) in a single direction.[73]
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^Galen, De Element. ex Hippocr., i. 6. vol. i; Defin. Med., prooem. vol. xix; De Trem. Palpit., etc. c. 6. vol. vii.; De Differ. Puls., iv. 10. vol. viii.
^Gautier, «La Diataxis de Michel Attaliate», 12 argues convincingly for birth in Attaleia; Tsolakis, “Aus dem Leben des Michael Attaleiates,” 5–7; Kazhdan, “The Social Views of Michael Attaleiates,” 58 both argued for Constantinopolitan origins.
^"Levent Yüksel'in hayatı roman gibi". Milliyet. 2 September 2010.
antalya, confused, with, antakya, anatolia, antaliya, attalia, redirects, here, other, uses, attalia, disambiguation, turkish, pronunciation, anˈtalja, fifth, most, populous, city, turkey, well, capital, province, seen, capital, tourism, turkey, located, anato. Not to be confused with Antakya Anatolia or Antaliya Attalia redirects here For other uses see Attalia disambiguation Antalya Turkish pronunciation anˈtalja is the fifth most populous city in Turkey as well as the capital of Antalya Province 2 It is seen as the capital of tourism in Turkey 3 Located on Anatolia s southwest coast bordered by the Taurus Mountains Antalya is the largest Turkish city on the Mediterranean coast outside the Aegean region with over 2 6 million people in its metropolitan area 4 5 6 AntalyaMetropolitan municipalityKonyaalti BeachHadrian s GateHidirlik TowerDuden WaterfallsAntalya TramAntalya HarbourKaleiciSeal of Antalya Metropolitan MunicipalityNickname s Capital of Tourism Turkish Turizmin Baskenti AntalyaLocation of AntalyaShow map of TurkeyAntalyaAntalya Mediterranean Show map of MediterraneanAntalyaAntalya Europe Show map of EuropeCoordinates 36 53 15 N 30 42 27 E 36 8874 N 30 7075 E 36 8874 30 7075Country TurkeyRegionMediterraneanProvinceAntalyaGovernment TypeMetropolitan municipality MayorMuhittin Bocek CHP Area Metropolitan municipality20 591 km2 7 950 sq mi Urban1 417 km2 547 sq mi Elevation30 m 100 ft Population 2019 1 Urban1 344 000 Metro2 619 832 Metro density122 km2 320 sq mi DemonymAntalyaliTime zoneUTC 3 TRT Postal code07010 to 07320Area code 90 242Vehicle registration07Patron deityAthenaWebsitewww wbr antalya wbr bel wbr tr www wbr antalya wbr gov wbr trThe city that is now Antalya was first settled around 200 BC by the Attalid dynasty of Pergamon which was soon conquered by the Romans Roman rule saw Antalya thrive including the construction of several new monuments such as Hadrian s Gate and the proliferation of neighboring cities The city has changed hands several times including to the Seljuk Empire in 1207 and an expanding Ottoman Empire in 1391 7 Ottoman rule brought relative peace and stability for the next five hundred years The city was occupied by Italy for three years in the aftermath of World War I but was recaptured by a newly independent Turkey in the Turkish War of Independence While the city itself only has modest elevation changes Antalya has high mountains in all directions to its interior With moisture being trapped the local climate thus has high winter rainfall while the interior bay setting result in very hot summers for a coastal city The city is Turkey s biggest international sea resort on the Turkish Riviera Large scale development and governmental funding has promoted tourism Antalya has surpassed Paris and New York City to become the fourth most visited city in the world with more than 16 5 million foreign visitors in 2023 8 Contents 1 Etymology 2 History 3 Geography 3 1 Climate 4 Demographics 5 Economy 6 Cityscape 6 1 Historic sites in the city center 6 2 Main sights 6 3 Green areas recreation places 7 Government 7 1 Elections 8 Sports 9 Education 10 Culture 10 1 Cuisine 10 2 Festivals and events 10 3 Museums 11 Transportation 11 1 Buses 11 2 Light Rail 11 3 Major routes 11 4 Airports 11 5 Antalya Public Transportation Statistics 12 International relations 13 Notable people 14 ReferencesEtymology editThe city was founded as Attaleia Ancient Greek Ἀttaleia named after its founder Attalos II king of Pergamon 9 This name still in use in Greek was later evolved in Turkish as Adalia and then Antalya 10 Attaleia was also the name of a festival at Delphi and Attalis Greek Ἀttalis was the name of an old Greek tribe at Athens 11 12 Despite the close similarity there is no connection with the name Anatolia History editSee also Antalya Province History nbsp Hadrian s Gate built in the honor of the Roman emperor Hadrian who visited Attalea in the year 130 nbsp Statue of Artemis in the Antalya Museum nbsp Sculpture of the Three Graces in the Antalya Museum nbsp Statue of the Roman emperor Hadrian in the Antalya MuseumKing Attalus II of Pergamon is looked on as founder of the city in about 150 BC during the Hellenistic period It was named Attaleia or Attalia Ancient Greek Ἀttaleia 13 in his honour The city served as a naval base for Attalus s powerful fleet Excavations in 2008 in the Dogu Garaji plot uncovered remains dating to the 3rd century BC suggesting that Attalea was a rebuilding and expansion of an earlier town nbsp Statue of Attalus II in the cityAttalea became part of the Roman Empire in 133 BC when Attalus III a nephew of Attalus II bequeathed his kingdom to Rome at his death in 133 BC The city grew and prospered during the Ancient Roman period and was part of the Roman province of Pamphylia Secunda whose capital was Perga Christianity started to spread to the region even in the 1st century Attalea was visited by Paul of Tarsus and Barnabas as recorded in the Acts of the Apostles Then they passed through Pisidia and came to Pamphylia And when they had spoken the word in Perga they went down to Attalea and from there they sailed to Antioch 14 Some of the bishops attributed to the episcopal see of Attalea in Pamphylia may instead have been bishops of Attalea in Lydia Yanantepe since Le Quien lists them under both sees 15 16 No longer a residential bishopric Attalea in Pamphylia is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see 17 The 13th century Seljuk mosque at Attalea now in ruins had been a Christian Byzantine basilica from the 7th century The Great Mosque had also been a Christian basilica and the Kesik Minare Mosque had been the 5th century Christian Church of the Panaghia or Virgin and was decorated with finely carved marble The archaeological museum at Attalea houses some sarcophagi and mosaics from nearby Perga and a casket of bones reputed to be those of St Nicholas the bishop of Myra further down the Turquoise coast The area of Antalya was subject to naval attacks by the Arabs of the Abbasid Caliphate Attalea was a major city in the Byzantine Empire It was the capital of the Byzantine Theme of the Cibyrrhaeots which occupied the southern coasts of Anatolia According to the research of Speros Vryonis it was the major naval station on the southern Anatolian coast a major commercial center and the most convenient harbor between the Aegean Sea and Cyprus and points further east Besides the local merchants one could expect to see Armenians Saracens Jews and Italians 18 At the time of the accession of John II Komnenos in 1118 Attalea was an isolated outpost surrounded by Turkish beyliks accessible only by sea 19 but his capture of Sozopolis in 1120 re opened land communication with the city once more Following the Sack of Constantinople by the Crusaders in 1204 Niketas Choniates records that one Aldebrandus an Italian by birth who was strictly raised according to Roman tradition controlled Attalea as his own fief When Kaykhusraw sultan of the Seljuk Turks attempted to capture the city in 1206 Aldebrandus sent to Cyprus for help and received 200 Latin infantry who defeated the attackers after a siege of less than 16 days 20 Kaykhusraw would take Attalea the following year and build its first mosque 21 22 Christians rebelled and captured Attalea with aid of Walter of Montbeliard in 1212 Briefly restored Byzantine rule in Attalea was ended by Kaykaus I in 1216 23 The city and the surrounding region were conquered by the Seljuk Turks in the early 13th century Attalea was the capital of the Turkish beylik of Teke 1321 1423 until its conquest by the Ottomans except for a period of Cypriot rule between 1361 and 1373 The Arab traveller Ibn Battuta who visited the city in 1335 1340 noted 24 From Alanya I went to Antaliya Adalia a most beautiful city It covers an immense area and though of vast bulk is one of the most attractive towns to be seen anywhere besides being exceedingly populous and well laid out Each section of the inhabitants lives in a separate quarter The Christian merchants live in a quarter of the town known as the Mina the Port and are surrounded by a wall the gates of which are shut upon them from without at night and during the Friday service The Greeks who were its former inhabitants live by themselves in another quarter the Jews in another and the king and his court and Mamluks in another each of these quarters being walled off likewise The rest of the Muslims live in the main city Round the whole town and all the quarters mentioned there is another great wall The town contains orchards and produces fine fruits including an admirable kind of apricot called by them Qamar ad Din which has a sweet almond in its kernel This fruit is dried and exported to Egypt where it is regarded as a great luxury In the second half of the 17th century Evliya Celebi wrote of a city of narrow streets containing 3 000 houses in 20 Turkish and four Greek neighborhoods The town had grown beyond the city walls and the port was reported to hold up to 200 boats In the 19th century in common with most of Anatolia its sovereign was a dere bey landlord or landowner The family of Tekke Oglu domiciled near Perge had been reduced to submission in 1812 by Mahmud II but continued to be a rival power to the Ottoman governor until the early 20th century surviving by many years the fall of the other great beys of Anatolia The records of the Levant Turkey Company which maintained an agency in Antalya until 1825 documented the local dere beys 25 In the early 20th century Antalya had two factories spinning and weaving cotton As of 1920 the factories had 15 000 spindles and over 200 looms A German owned mill baled cotton There were gin mills 26 In the 20th century the population of Antalya increased as Muslim refugees from the Caucasus and the Balkans moved into Anatolia The economy was centered on its port that served the inland areas particularly Konya Antalya then Adalia was picturesque rather than modern The chief attraction for visitors was the city wall and outside a promenade a portion of which survives The government offices and the houses of the higher classes were outside the walls 25 nbsp The Ottoman houses in KaleiciAs of 1920 Antalya was reported as having a population of approximately 30 000 The harbor was described as small and unsafe for vessels to visit in the winter Antalya was exporting wheat flour sesame seeds livestock timber and charcoal The latter two were often exported to Egypt and other goods to Italy or other Greek islands who received mainly flour In 1920 the city had seven flour mills Wheat was imported and then processed in town before exportation Antalya imported manufactured items mainly from the United Kingdom 27 The city had a Greek minority that made up 1 3 of the population until the population exchange Antalya also had a tiny Armenian population which had a church on the street of Hamam cikmazi named Hovhannes Surp Garabed which was later on demolished Antalya also had a Jewish community which had a tiny Synagogue in the neighborhood of Balbey and a Talmud Torah The Synagogue was closed in 1948 and its exact location is not known and the Synagogue might not exist anymore The Jewish community had 2 graveyards and one was located across Donerciler carsisi and was demolished when the area was opened to construction but one marble tombstone belonging to a Jew named Raphael Moshe was transferred to the Antalya Museum where it can be seen in the museum garden The city was occupied by Italy for three years 1919 22 in the aftermath of World War I but was recaptured by a newly independent Turkey in the Turkish War of Independence Large scale development beginning in the 1970s transformed Antalya from a pastoral town into one of Turkey s largest metropolitan areas Much of this has been due to tourism which expanded in the 21st century In the 1987 singing diva Dalida held her last concert in Antalya Antalya was the host city for the 2015 G 20 summit and the EXPO 2016 Five countries have their consular missions in Antalya including Belgium Germany Russia Serbia and the United Kingdom 28 Geography editClimate edit nbsp nbsp Koppen map of Antalya Province and surrounding regions 29 BSk Csa Csb Dsa Dsb Dsc Antalya has a hot summer Mediterranean climate Koppen Csa or a dry summer humid subtropical climate Trewartha Cf or wet Cs It experiences hot dry summers and mild rainy winters While rainy spells are common and often heavy in winter Antalya is very sunny with nearly 3 000 hours of sunlight per year Frost does occasionally occur at night almost every winter but snow is a very rare phenomenon The highest recorded air temperature reached 45 4 C 113 7 F on 1 July 2017 which normally averages as high as 34 9 C 94 8 F and the lowest record dropped to 4 6 C 23 7 F in February when the low average is as low as 5 9 C 43 F in January The mean sea temperature ranges between 16 C 61 F in winter and 27 C 81 F in summer 30 Climate data for Antalya 1991 2020 extremes 1930 2020 Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 23 9 75 0 26 7 80 1 28 6 83 5 36 4 97 5 41 7 107 1 44 8 112 6 45 4 113 7 44 8 112 6 42 5 108 5 41 2 106 2 33 0 91 4 25 4 77 7 45 4 113 7 Mean daily maximum C F 15 0 59 0 15 9 60 6 18 4 65 1 21 8 71 2 26 4 79 5 31 6 88 9 34 9 94 8 34 9 94 8 31 7 89 1 27 3 81 1 21 6 70 9 16 7 62 1 24 7 76 5 Daily mean C F 9 8 49 6 10 8 51 4 13 1 55 6 16 4 61 5 20 9 69 6 25 7 78 3 28 9 84 0 29 0 84 2 25 6 78 1 20 9 69 6 15 3 59 5 11 4 52 5 19 0 66 2 Mean daily minimum C F 5 9 42 6 6 5 43 7 8 3 46 9 11 3 52 3 15 7 60 3 20 1 68 2 23 4 74 1 23 7 74 7 20 1 68 2 15 9 60 6 10 7 51 3 7 5 45 5 14 1 57 4 Record low C F 4 3 24 3 4 6 23 7 1 6 29 1 1 4 34 5 6 7 44 1 11 1 52 0 14 8 58 6 13 6 56 5 10 3 50 5 4 9 40 8 0 0 32 0 1 9 28 6 4 6 23 7 Average precipitation mm inches 210 6 8 29 112 7 4 44 94 5 3 72 63 1 2 48 37 0 1 46 10 1 0 40 4 0 0 16 5 0 0 20 22 0 0 87 76 6 3 02 152 2 5 99 262 2 10 32 1 050 41 34 Average precipitation days 11 50 9 60 7 60 6 43 4 97 2 13 0 67 0 60 1 93 4 87 7 07 10 00 67 4Average relative humidity 65 8 64 8 65 4 67 4 66 8 59 6 58 0 59 7 59 7 60 4 63 6 68 0 63 3Mean monthly sunshine hours 151 9 161 0 201 5 231 0 291 4 330 0 344 1 325 5 273 0 232 5 177 0 145 7 2 864 6Mean daily sunshine hours 4 9 5 7 6 5 7 7 9 4 11 0 11 1 10 5 9 1 7 5 5 9 4 7 7 8Source 1 Turkish State Meteorological Service 31 Source 2 NOAA humidity 1991 2020 32 Climate data for AntalyaMonth Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearAverage sea temperature C F 17 7 63 9 16 8 62 2 17 2 63 0 17 9 64 2 21 1 70 0 25 1 77 2 27 8 82 0 28 8 83 8 27 4 81 3 24 7 76 5 21 1 70 0 18 8 65 8 22 0 71 7 Mean daily daylight hours 10 0 11 0 12 0 13 0 14 0 15 0 14 0 14 0 12 0 11 0 10 0 10 0 12 2Average Ultraviolet index 2 3 5 7 8 10 10 9 7 5 3 2 5 9Source 1 Average sea temperature 33 Source 2 Weather Atlas 34 Demographics editIn 2010 the Address Based Birth Recording System showed a metropolitan population of 1 001 318 502 491 male 498 827 female 35 Source for 1530 1889 36 According to the TUIK Institute of Statistics as of October 2022 120 000 foreigners live in the city 37 Historical populationYearPop 15303 450 18118 000 131 9 187011 000 37 5 188925 000 127 3 191125 000 0 0 192717 000 32 0 193523 000 35 3 194025 000 8 7 194526 000 4 0 195028 000 7 7 195536 000 28 6 196051 000 41 7 196572 000 41 2 197095 000 31 9 1985258 139 171 7 1990378 208 46 5 2000603 190 59 5 2007775 157 28 5 20101 001 318 29 2 Economy editSee also Tourism in Antalya Agricultural production includes citrus fruits cotton cut flowers olives olive oil and bananas Antalya Metropolitan Municipality s covered wholesale food market complex meets 65 of the fresh fruit and vegetable demand of the province 38 Since 2000 shipyards have been opened in Antalya Free Zone 39 specialized in building pleasure yachts Some of these yards have advanced in composites boat building technology Corendon Airlines and SunExpress are headquartered in Antalya 40 41 Cityscape editDespite having architectural heritage dating back up to Hellenistic times most historical architecture in Antalya date to the medieval Seljuk period with a number of mosques madrasahs masjids caravanserais Turkish baths and tombs giving the city a Turkish Islamic character 42 43 Historical architecture is concentrated in the walled city Kaleici ancient structures are not well preserved in the rest of the city of Antalya as the modern city was built on the ancient city 44 Kaleici with its narrow cobbled streets of historic Ottoman era houses is the old center of Antalya With its hotels bars clubs restaurants and shopping it has been restored to retain much of its historical character 44 45 It is surrounded by two walls in the shape of a horsenail one of which is along the seafront built in a continuous process from Hellenistic to Ottoman times The historical harbour is located in this part of the city narrow streets extend from the harbour and branch off into the old city surrounded by wooden historical houses 43 Cumhuriyet Square the main square of the city and a spot very popular for tourists and locals is surrounded by shopping and business centres and public buildings 46 There are sites with traces of Hellenistic Roman Byzantine and Seljuk architecture and cultures 44 There are also examples of the local Greek architecture in the city with five Greek Orthodox churches in the old city 47 nbsp A panoramic view from Karaalioglu Park with Historic Hidirlik Tower The walled city is surrounded by a large metropolitan area With high rates of immigration since the 1970s this area contains large gecekondu neighborhoods that are not well integrated into the fabric of the city and suffer from poor economic conditions and insufficient education Gecekondu areas are concentrated in the Kepez district where an estimated 70 of the houses were gecekondus in 2008 48 In 2011 it was estimated that there were 50 60 000 gecekondus in Antalya housing around 250 000 people 49 Antalya has beaches including Konyaalti Lara and Karpuzkaldiran Beydaglari and Saklikent are used for winter sports Historic sites in the city center edit nbsp The city is popular for its waterfalls Ancient monuments include the City Walls Hidirlik Tower Hadrian s Gate also known as Triple Gate and the Clock Tower Hadrian s Gate constructed in the 2nd century by the Romans in honor of the Emperor Hadrian Iskele Mosque A 19th century Mosque near the marina Karatay Medrese A Medrese Islamic theological seminary built in 1250 by Emir Celaleddin Karatay Kesik Minare Broken Minaret Mosque Once a Roman temple then converted to a Byzantine Panayia church and finally into a mosque Tekeli Mehmet Pasa Mosque An 18th century Mosque built in honor of Tekeli Mehmet Pasa Yat Limani the harbour dating to Roman era Yivli Minare Fluted Minaret Mosque Built by the Seljuks and decorated with dark blue and turquoise tiles This minaret eventually became the symbol of the city Murat Pasha Mosque A historic Ottoman mosque located in the city center Aya Yorgi Church Saint George Church A historic church built by the Greeks of Antalya which is currently used as a museum housing exhibitions of historical artifacts Saint Alypius Church A tiny historic Greek Orthodox church which is still currently a functioning Orthodox Church Sultan Aladdin Mosque A historic building built as a Greek Orthodox church in 1834 and converted into a mosque in the 1950s and currently used as a Mosque Ahi Yusuf Mosque A historic mosque built in the year of 1249 and is possibly one of the oldest mosques in Antalya or even the oldest Ahi Kizi Masjid Historic masjid located in the old town Kara Molla Masjid Tiny historic masjid built in the 14th century Balibey Mosque A historic mosque built by the vizier Bali Pasha Musellim Mosque A small historic mosque built by Haci Osmanoglu Mehmed Aga in 1796 Antalya Synagogue A historic Synagogue used as house currently in the Balbey neighborhood between Kavakli Masjid and the Balbey Kesik Minaret Mosque Mevlevihane Dervish lodge museum A former Dervish lodge housing a museum about Dervishes and Sufism nbsp Hadrian s Gate nbsp Yivli Minare nbsp Hidirlik Tower nbsp Antalya Karatay Medrese nbsp Kesik MinareMain sights edit nbsp Mark Antalya shopping center nbsp Antalya AquariumAkdeniz Kent Parki Antalya Aquarium Arapsu Bridge Ataturk Culture Park formerly named after Hasan Subasi 50 Duden Waterfalls Heart of Antalya Karaalioglu Park Konyaalti Beach TunektepeGreen areas recreation places edit nbsp Antalya is the most popular summer tourism destination in Turkey nbsp Antalya beachThere are urban parks and protected natural areas located outside the cities allowing the people to have fun rest and get closer to nature Some of them are green areas around lake pond and dam lakes and some are highland and forest areas The prime urban green areas include Antalya City Forest Ataturk Park Kepez City Forest The largest amusement park in Antalya is the Aktur Park Other modern recreational areas include 3 aquaparks in the city Konyaalti Lara beaches Beachpark especially for summer holidays while Saklikent also has facilities for skiing in the winter months The preserved nature areas include Gulluk Mountain National Park in Antalya Korkuteli highway Mount Olympus National Park in Kemer and Duden and Kursunlu Waterfalls Other protected areas include the Damlatas and the Karain Cave and the Guver Cliff It offers picnic and recreation facilities in various parts of the city Picnic areas rafting facilities in Koprulu Kanyon in Manavgat The part of Korkuteli Antalya border in western part of Antalya is covered with forests In these areas picnic areas playground restaurant and similar facilities are provided There are lake and forest views on the promenade at Feslikan Plateau to the west of the city center where visitors can also enjoy nature sports and nature walks The oil wrestling competition festival organized in summer what accompanied with concerts The pond in Doyran town located to the west of city is very suitable for picnic and fishing In addition to the open air recreation areas the number of shopping centers which have increased rapidly in recent years can also be classified as a rest area with the facilities they offer The shopping centers in the city are gathered in the center Among the leading shopping centers in the city are Antalya 5M Migros Antalya Kipa Terra City Deepo Agora and Mall of Antalya Government edit nbsp Muhittin Bocek current mayor of Metropolitan Municipality nbsp An old building of Ataturk s House Museum Antalya The mayor of the Antalya Metropolitan Municipality is Muhittin Bocek of the CHP in office since 2019 For general elections Antalya elects 18 Members of Parliament to the Turkish Grand National Assembly Elections edit Antalya has traditionally been seen as a stronghold for the Kemalist centre left party Republican People s Party CHP Being the capital of the fifth most populous province in Turkey Antalya is politically strategic and has been a target for the governing right wing Justice and Development Party AKP The AKP unexpectedly won control of the Antalya Metropolitan Municipality in the 2004 local election The AKP won a plurality in Antalya in the 2007 general election symbolising the city s political transformation from a CHP stronghold to a CHP AKP marginal battleground in the 21st century The loss of Antalya was a major political setback for the CHP not only because of its significance as a centre for tourism but also because the CHP s former leader Deniz Baykal is a Member of Parliament for the province The province is divided into 19 districts The CHP regained control of the Metropolitan Municipality in the 2009 local elections though the AKP won a plurality in the 2011 general election The Nationalist Movement Party MHP also have a strong political base in Antalya winning approximately between 15 and 25 of the vote in elections since 2007 The city voted in favour of the AKP government s proposed constitutional reforms in the 2007 referendum but voted against the reforms proposed in 2010 In the 2014 local elections Antalya once again voted for the AKP with the MHP taking support away from the CHP by winning a record 24 3 of the vote The CHP subsequently accused the AKP of systematic electoral fraud and the presence of government minister Mevlut Cavusoglu at one of the vote counting centres drew strong condemnation 51 52 53 54 55 In the 2014 presidential election the CHP and MHP s joint candidate Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu won 53 08 of the vote The AKP s candidate Recep Tayyip Erdogan won 41 63 of the vote and the HDP democratic socialist candidate Selahattin Demirtas won 5 30 of the vote Antalya was a hotspot for the 2013 14 anti government protests against the AKP 56 The secular main opposition CHP regained control of the Metropolitan Municipality in the 2019 local elections Sports edit nbsp Antalya StadiumThe football club of Antalya Antalyaspor plays in the Super Lig The team s home venue is Antalya Stadium with a capacity of 33 000 which was opened in 2015 57 Another football venue in the city is Antalya Ataturk Stadium The city hosts a number of international sports competitions due to its longer lasting warm weather condition Since 2006 one of the four stages of Archery World Cup events are held at the Antalya Centennial Archery Field It also hosted European Weightlifting Championship in 2012 European Beach Volleyball Championship in 2003 European Triathlon Championship in 2013 and World Kickboxing Championships in 2013 Since 2010 an international multiday trail running ultramarathon called Lycian Way Ultramarathon is held on the historical Lycian Way The event runs eastward on a route of around 220 240 km 140 150 mi from Oludeniz in Fethiye district of Mugla Province to Antalya in six days 58 59 Education editAkdeniz University enrolls over 60 000 students and 4 000 academic and administrative staff 60 Culture editCuisine edit nbsp Scene around Kaleici the old city center nbsp A view of Antalya s coastline nbsp The Roman Theatre of Aspendos is one of the best preserved Roman theatres in the world Antalya s signature cuisine includes piyaz made with tahini garlic walnuts and boiled beans sis kofte spicy meatball which is cooked around a stick spicy hibes with mixed cumin and tahini tandir kebap domates civesi saksuka and various cold Mediterranean dishes with olive oil One local speciality is tirmis boiled seeds of the lupin eaten as a snack Grida also known as Lagos or Mediterranean white grouper is a fish common in local dishes citation needed Festivals and events edit Antalya Golden Orange Film Festival national film festival usually held in September October 61 62 63 Kaleici Old Town Festival organized by Muratpasa municipality held in October Miss Aura International in the venue of Aura Klemer Club 64 Sandland sand art festival at Lara BeachMuseums edit Antalya Ethnographic Museum Located in Kaleici housing artifacts of Antalya s culture Regional dress and architectural examples Antalya Museum Antalya Toy Museum The Antalya Metropolitan Municipality opened the exhibition facility in 2011 65 Ataturk s House Museum Bir Zamanlar Antalya Muzesi Located in Dokumapark Kepez Serving artifacts and documents about contemporary urban history of Antalya Kaleici Museum 66 Opened in 2007 by the Mediterranean Civilizations Research Center Akdeniz Medeniyetleri Arastirma Merkezi 67 Kepez Araba Muzesi Located in Dokumapark serving historical vehicles in contemporary history Kepez Open Air Museum Serving scale models of various structures of Turkey The models were located in Minicity park in Konyaalti before the demolition of park in late 2010 s and moving to current location in Dokumapark Mevlevihane Museum Former dervish lodge with Sufi and Islamic cultural artifacts Suna amp Inan Kirac Kaleici Museum An ethnographic museum run by the Suna and Inan Kirac Foundation Transportation edit nbsp Antalya Nostalgic TramsThe main transportation to the city is by air and land Sea routes are still under development In 2007 the airport added a new terminal The city has a main port at the south of the Konyaalti Buses edit There is a network of look alike Dolmuses that are privately owned and operated minibuses under municipal government control Antalya Ulasim a municipally owned corporation runs the public bus system The corporation owns Antobus and Antray Antobus was started in September 2010 In 2010 the city planned to increase from 40 to 140 more buses 68 Payment for public transportation was made in cash until the launch of a public transportation card Antkart in late 2007 The card system met with criticism and was subsequently canceled in June 2009 returning to a cash system Halkkart has been used for the transportation system since the summer of 2010 Halkkart is managed by A Kent Smart City Technologies under the control of Antalya Metropolitan Municipal government Passengers can use identified cards to take buses or trams 69 Light Rail edit Main article Antalya Trams nbsp The Antray Light Rail nbsp Transportation lines of tram systemA tram system opened in 1999 runs from Antalya Museum and the Sheraton Voyager and Falez hotels along the main boulevard through the city center at Kalekapisi Hadrian s Gate Karaalioglu Park and ending at Talya Oteli Trams depart on the hour and half hour from the terminal east and west and reach Kalekapisi between 10 and 15 minutes later In December 2009 an 11 1 kilometre 6 9 mi light rail line Antray was opened from one of the main city public bus hubs northwest to beyond suburban areas and the zoo An extension to Airport Aksu and Expo 2016 site was completed in 2016 Major routes edit Antalya is the southern terminus of European route E87 which connects to Korkuteli Denizli Izmir Canakkale Edirne in Turkey along with Varna in Bulgaria Constanta in Romania and Odesa in Ukraine Antalya is also the terminus of Turkish Highway D650 which connects Burdur Afyon Kutahya and Sakarya D400 connects with D650 in Antalya while D650 alternative D685 connects to Isparta and provincial road 07 50 connects to Kumluca by Altinyaka an alternative to D400 70 Airports edit Antalya Airport has two international terminals and one domestic terminal In 2020 its number of passengers on international flights surpassed the total number at Istanbul Airport and Sabiha Gokcen International Airport for the first time officially earning the title of the capital of Turkish tourism 71 72 Antalya Public Transportation Statistics edit The average amount of time people spend commuting with public transit in Antalya for example to and from work on a weekday is 63 min 14 of public transit riders ride for more than 2 hours every day The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is 23 min while 50 of riders wait for over 20 minutes on average every day The average distance people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is 7 6 kilometres 4 7 miles while 13 travel for over 12 kilometres 7 5 miles in a single direction 73 International relations editSee also List of twin towns and sister cities in Turkey Antalya is twinned with 74 nbsp Austin United States nbsp Bat Yam Israel nbsp Famagusta Northern Cyprus nbsp Haikou China nbsp Jeonju South Korea nbsp Kazan Russia nbsp Kunming China nbsp Liwan Guangzhou China nbsp Miami United States nbsp Mostar Bosnia and Herzegovina nbsp Nuremberg Germany nbsp Omsk Russia nbsp Qingdao China nbsp Rostov on Don Russia nbsp Seville Spain nbsp Suncheon South Korea nbsp Taldykorgan Kazakhstan nbsp Urumqi China nbsp Vladimir Russia nbsp Xining China nbsp Yalta UkraineNotable people editTarik Akiltopu architect historian poet writer 75 Cafercan Aksu football player citation needed Athenaeus of Attalia physician and founder of the Pneumatist School of Medicine 1st century AD 76 Michael Attaliates Byzantine lawyer of the 11th century 77 Attalus II Philadelphus King of Pergamon and the founder of Attalia Deniz Baykal former leader of Republican People s Party citation needed Yagmur Sarigul musician composer of maNga citation needed Ahmet Sonuc video game streamer known as Jahrein Musa Uzunlar actor citation needed Burak Yilmaz football player citation needed Levent Yuksel musician composer 78 References edit Turkey Major cities and provinces citypopulation de Retrieved 13 December 2020 Arsivlenmis kopya 10 March 2018 Archived from the original on 12 June 2018 Retrieved 10 June 2018 Antalya Capital of Turkish tourism world s open air museum Daily Sabah 16 August 2020 Turkey Provinces and Major Cities Population Statistics Maps Charts Weather and Web Information 2011 Census Turkish Statistical Institute Buyuksehir belediyeleri ve bagli belediyelerin nufuslari 2011 Archived 19 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine 2011 Citypopulation de Retrieved 24 June 2014 History of Antalya Lonely Planet Popova Nadejda 11 December 2023 2023 s Top 100 City Destinations Ranking Triumphs and Turmoil Uncovered Euromonitor International Retrieved 18 December 2023 Antalya The Washington Times 14 July 2006 Retrieved 24 June 2014 Frangakis Syrett Elena 2001 The making of an Ottoman port PDF The Journal of Transport History Queens College City University of New York 22 1 23 doi 10 7227 TJTH 22 1 3 S2CID 162808902 Archived from the original PDF on 25 May 2015 Retrieved 24 June 2014 Liddell Henry George Scott Robert A Greek English Lexicon Perseus project Ἀttalis Henry George Liddell Robert Scott A Greek English Lexicon on Perseus project A144 4 Attaleia Topostext org Retrieved 5 March 2022 Acts 14 25 26 Le Quien Michel 1740 Oriens Christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus quo exhibentur ecclesiae patriarchae caeterique praesules totius Orientis Tomus primus tres magnas complectens diœceses Ponti Asiae amp Thraciae Patriarchatui Constantinopolitano subjectas in Latin Paris Ex Typographia Regia coll 1027 1028 compare with coll 885 888 OCLC 955922585 M Th Disdier v 2 Attalia in Dictionnaire d Histoire et de Geographie ecclesiastiques vol V Parigi 1931 coll 148 150 Annuario Pontificio 2013 Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ISBN 978 88 209 9070 1 p 841 Vryonis The decline of medieval Hellenism in Asia Minor and the process of Islamization from the eleventh through the fifteenth century Berkeley University of California 1971 pp 13f Norwich John Julius Byzantium The Decline and Fall New York Alfred A Knopf 1996 p 68 O City of Byzantium Annals of Niketas Choniates translated by Harry J Magoulias Detroit Wayne State University Press 1984 p 351 Islam and Christianity in Medieval Anatolia ed Bruno De Nicola Sara Nur Yildiz and A C S Peacock Ashgate Publishing Company 2015 121 Notes on Saldjuq Architectural Patronage in Thirteenth Century Anatolia H Crane Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient Vol 36 No 1 1993 6 Selcuklular devrinde Antalya Sabah com tr Retrieved 5 March 2022 Internet History Sourcebooks sourcebooks fordham edu Retrieved 21 October 2016 a b nbsp One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Hogarth David George 1911 Adalia In Chisholm Hugh ed Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 1 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 167 Prothero G W 1920 Anatolia London H M Stationery Office p 113 Prothero G W 1920 Anatolia London H M Stationery Office Serbian Consolate in Antalya Archived from the original on 20 August 2018 Present and future Koppen Geiger climate classification maps at 1 km resolution Nature Scientific Data DOI 10 1038 sdata 2018 214 Antalya Climate and Weather Averages Antalya Coast Weather2Travel Retrieved 23 August 2013 Resmi Istatistikler Illerimize Ait Mevism Normalleri 1991 2020 in Turkish Turkish State Meteorological Service Retrieved 1 May 2021 World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991 2020 World Meteorological Organization Retrieved 2 August 2023 Antalya Climate seatemperature org Antalya Turkey Monthly weather forecast and Climate data Weather Atlas Retrieved 24 January 2019 1 permanent dead link The Mountains of the Mediterranean World J R McNeill page 159 Number of Arriving Departing Foreigner and Citizens September 2022 ktb gov tr Covered Wholesale Food Market Antalya Metropolitan Municipality Official Web Site Archived from the original on 15 December 2007 Retrieved 25 August 2008 ANTALYA SERBEST BOLGESY Hoţgeldiniz Ant free zone org tr Archived from the original on 11 August 2018 Retrieved 15 September 2011 Contact Archived 29 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine Corendon Airlines Retrieved on 17 February 2012 CORENDON Airlines Head Office Address Gzeloluk Mahallesi 1879 Sokak No 148 Antalya Turkey Imprint SunExpress Retrieved on 23 December 2011 TR 07300 Antalya Turkiye P O Box 28 Mehmetcik Mah Aspendos Bulv Aspendos Is Merkezi No 63 1 2 Yilmaz Leyla 1997 Antalya Bir Ortacag Turk Kentinin Mimarlik Mirasi ve Kent Dokusunun 16 Yuzyilin Sonuna Kadar Gelisimi Bir Ortacag Arkeolojisi Survey i PhD thesis in Turkish Ankara University pp 307 9 archived from the original on 22 April 2016 retrieved 9 April 2016 a b Turk Ali 2013 Antalya Kenti Konut Disi Tescilli Sivil Mimari Yapilar ve Ozellikleri Suleyman Demirel University Journal of Natural and Applied Science in Turkish 17 1 113 132 Archived from the original on 23 April 2016 Retrieved 9 April 2016 a b c Genel Bilgi in Turkish Antalya Directorate of Culture and Tourism Retrieved 9 April 2016 Orbasli Aylin 2002 Tourists in Historic Towns Urban Conservation and Heritage Management Taylor amp Francis pp 123 7 ISBN 9781135801663 Retrieved 9 April 2016 Savkli Faik Yilmaz Tahsin 2013 Kent meydani kullanim nedenlerinin Antalya Cumhuriyet Meydani orneginde irdelenmesi Suleyman Demirel University Faculty of Forestry Journal in Turkish 14 138 142 Archived from the original on 23 July 2018 Retrieved 9 April 2016 Bolumler Aya Yorgi Kilisesi in Turkish Kaleici Museum Archived from the original on 6 March 2016 Retrieved 9 April 2016 Ozozen Kahraman Selver 2008 Goc Gecekondulasma ve Entegrasyon Antalya Ornegi PDF 5th National Geography Symposium Ankara University Cakir Sabri 2011 Turkiye de Goc Kentlesme Gecekondu Sorunu ve Uretilen Politikalar PDF Suleyman Demirel University Faculty of Arts and Sciences Journal of Social Sciences 23 209 222 Archived from the original PDF on 24 March 2012 Retrieved 9 April 2016 Ataturk Culture Park in Antalya August 2017 Independent Travellers independent travellers com Retrieved 30 May 2018 Serious election fraud allegations recounts continue TodaysZaman Retrieved 10 August 2015 Biggest Electoral Fraud Ever Staged In Turkey PDF Chpbxl files wordpress com Retrieved 5 March 2022 Photo Electoral fraud Turkish local election Veooz 360 Veooz Archived from the original on 29 October 2014 Retrieved 10 August 2015 Turkey allegations of election fraud Yalova goes to CHP Politics ANSAMed it 3 April 2014 Retrieved 10 August 2015 AB Bakani Mevlut Cavusoglu oy sayarken 2 April 2014 Retrieved 10 August 2015 ANTALYA SECIM SONUCLARI Antalya Secim Sonuclari 11 August 2015 Retrieved 10 August 2015 Iste Antalyaspor un yeni stadi in Turkish NTV Spor 26 September 2015 Retrieved 23 April 2016 Rota in Turkish Likya Yolu Ultramaratonu Retrieved 27 November 2013 Hakkinda in Turkish Likya Yolu Ultramaratonu Retrieved 27 November 2013 History Akdeniz Universitesi Retrieved 1 May 2022 Franklin Anna 11 October 2007 Eurasia Film Fest grows Variety Retrieved 24 June 2014 A Question Of Identity In Turkish Film The 45th Antalya Film Festival Press release Indiewire 26 October 2012 Retrieved 24 June 2014 TURKEY 44th Antalya Golden Orange Film Festival on the way Hurriyetdailynews com 22 June 2007 Retrieved 24 June 2014 Miss Aura International About missaurainternational org Retrieved 16 August 2023 Antalya opens new toy museum Hurriyetdailynews com Retrieved 17 February 2012 Kaleici Museum Kaleicimuzesi com Retrieved 21 April 2012 their annual journal Akmedadalya com Archived from the original on 23 May 2012 Retrieved 21 April 2012 Antalya Buyuksehir Belediyesi Antalya Metropolitan Municipality Official Web Site in Turkish 2010 Archived from the original on 27 November 2010 Retrieved 30 November 2010 Antalya Buyuksehir Belediyesi Antalya bel tr 23 May 2014 Retrieved 24 June 2014 Map of 13th Division General Directory of Highways Retrieved 14 August 2015 Number of Passengers in Antalya s International Flights Higher Than Istanbul World Bulletin 16 September 2007 Retrieved 25 August 2008 Yanik Vahide 17 September 2007 Turkiye uctu dunya rekoru kirdi DHA in Turkish Hurriyet Retrieved 25 August 2008 Antalya Public Transportation Statistics Global Public Transit Index by Moovit Retrieved 19 June 2017 nbsp Material was copied from this source which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4 0 International License Sister Cities antalya bel tr Antalya Archived from the original on 14 May 2019 Retrieved 20 January 2020 Tarihi Giris 16 February 2015 Antalya nin ilk mimari Tarik Akiltopu Sabah Retrieved 30 March 2019 Galen De Element ex Hippocr i 6 vol i Defin Med prooem vol xix De Trem Palpit etc c 6 vol vii De Differ Puls iv 10 vol viii Gautier La Diataxis de Michel Attaliate 12 argues convincingly for birth in Attaleia Tsolakis Aus dem Leben des Michael Attaleiates 5 7 Kazhdan The Social Views of Michael Attaleiates 58 both argued for Constantinopolitan origins Levent Yuksel in hayati roman gibi Milliyet 2 September 2010 nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Antalya nbsp Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Antalya nbsp Turkey portal Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Antalya amp oldid 1192057689, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
