fbpx
Wikipedia

Mid back rounded vowel

January 13, 2023

The mid back rounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. While there is no dedicated symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents the exact mid back rounded vowel between close-mid [o] and open-mid [ɔ], it is normally written ⟨o⟩. If precision is desired, diacritics may be used, such as ⟨o̞⟩ or ⟨ɔ̝⟩, the former being more common. There was an alternative IPA symbol for this sound, ⟨ꭥ⟩. A non-IPA letter ⟨ⱺ⟩ is also found.

Mid back rounded vowel
o̞
ɔ̝
IPA Number307 430
Audio sample
source · help
Encoding
Entity (decimal)o​̞
Unicode (hex)U+006F U+031E
Braille

Just because a language has only one non-close non-open back vowel, it still may not be a true-mid vowel. There is a language in Sulawesi, Indonesia, with a close-mid [o], Tukang Besi. Another language in Indonesia, in the Maluku Islands, has an open-mid [ɔ], Taba. In both languages, there is no contrast with another mid (true-mid or close-mid) vowel.

Kensiu, in Malaysia and Thailand, is highly unusual in that it contrasts true-mid vowels with close-mid and open-mid vowels without any difference in other parameters, such as backness or roundedness.

Features

  • Its vowel height is mid, which means the tongue is positioned halfway between a close vowel and an open vowel.
  • Its vowel backness is back, which means the tongue is positioned back in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant.
  • Its roundedness is protruded, which means that the corners of the lips are drawn together, and the inner surfaces exposed.

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Afrikaans Standard[1] bok [bɔ̝k] 'goat' Typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨ɔ⟩. The height varies between mid [ɔ̝] and close-mid [o].[1] See Afrikaans phonology
Arabic Hejazi[2] لـون/lōn [lo̞ːn] 'color' See Hejazi Arabic phonology
Breton[3] [example needed] Possible realization of unstressed /ɔ/; can be open-mid [ɔ] or close-mid [o] instead.[3]
Chinese Taiwanese Mandarin[4] 我 / wǒ  [ʋo̞ɔː˨˩˦] 'I' See Standard Chinese phonology
Shanghainese[5] 高/kò [kö̞¹] 'tall' Near-back. Realization of /ɔ/ in open syllables and /ʊ/ in closed syllables.[5]
Czech[6][7] oko [ˈo̞ko̞] 'eye' In Bohemian Czech, the backness varies between back and near-back, whereas the height varies between mid [o̞] and close-mid [o].[6] See Czech phonology
Danish Standard[8][9] måle [ˈmɔ̽ːlə] 'measure' Near-back;[8][9] typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨ɔː⟩. See Danish phonology
Dutch Amsterdam[10] och [ɔ̝̈χ] 'alas' Near-back;[10] corresponds to open-mid [ɔˤ] in standard Dutch. See Dutch phonology
Orsmaal-Gussenhoven dialect[11] mot [mɔ̝t] 'well' Typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨ɔ⟩.
English Cultivated South African[12] thought [θɔ̝ːt] 'thought' Close-mid [oː] for other speakers. See South African English phonology
Maori[13] Near-close [o̝ː] in General New Zealand English.[13][14]
Scouse[15] Typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨ɔː⟩.
Some Cardiff speakers[16] Other speakers use a more open, advanced and unrounded vowel [ʌ̈ː].[16]
General American[17] Cambodia  [kʰɛəmˈbö̞diə] 'Cambodia' Near-back; often diphthongal: [ö̞ʊ].[17] Some regional North American varieties use a vowel that is closer to cardinal [o]. See English phonology
Yorkshire[18] [kʰamˈbo̞ːdjə] Corresponds to /əʊ/ in other British dialects. See English phonology
Faroese[19] toldi [ˈtʰɔ̝ltɪ̞] 'endured' Typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨ɔ⟩. See Faroese phonology
Finnish[20][21] kello [ˈke̞lːo̞] 'clock' See Finnish phonology
French Parisian[22] pont [pɔ̝̃] 'bridge' Nasalized; typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨ɔ̃⟩. See French phonology
German Southern accents[23] voll [fɔ̝l] 'full' Common realization of /ɔ/ in Southern Germany, Switzerland and Austria. Open-mid [ɔ] in Northern Standard German.[24] See Standard German phonology
Western Swiss accents[25] hoch [ho̞ːχ] 'high' Close-mid [oː] in other accents.[26] See Standard German phonology
Greek Modern Standard[27][28] πως / pos [po̞s̠] 'how' See Modern Greek phonology
Hebrew[29] שלום/shalom/šɔlom [ʃäˈlo̞m] 'peace' Hebrew vowels are not shown in the script. See Niqqud and Modern Hebrew phonology
Ibibio[30] do [dó̞] 'there'
Icelandic[31] loft [ˈlɔ̝ft] 'air' Typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨ɔ⟩. The long allophone is often diphthongized to [oɔ].[32] See Icelandic phonology
Inuit West Greenlandic[33] [example needed] Allophone of /u/ before and especially between uvulars.[33] See Inuit phonology
Italian Standard[34] forense [fo̞ˈrɛnse] 'forensic' Common realization of the unstressed /o/.[34] See Italian phonology
Northern accents[35] bosco [ˈbo̞sko̞] 'forest' Local realization of /ɔ/.[35] See Italian phonology
Japanese[36] 子/ko [ko̞] 'child' See Japanese phonology
Korean[37] 보리 / bori [po̞ˈɾi] 'barley' See Korean phonology
Limburgish Hasselt dialect[38] mok [mɔ̝k] 'mug' May be transcribed IPA with ⟨ɔ⟩.[38] See Hasselt dialect phonology
Malay Standard ڤوكوق / pokok [po̞.ko̞ʔ] 'tree' See Malay phonology
Johor-Riau
Norwegian Urban East[39][40] lov [lo̞ːʋ] 'law' Also described as close-mid [oː].[41] See Norwegian phonology
Romanian[42] acolo [äˈko̞lo̞] 'there' See Romanian phonology
Russian[43] сухой/sukhoy/sukhoj  [s̪ʊˈxo̞j] (help·info) 'dry' Some speakers realize it as open-mid [ɔ].[43] See Russian phonology
Serbo-Croatian[44][45] ко̑д / kȏd/kõd [kô̞ːd̪] 'code' See Serbo-Croatian phonology
Shipibo[46] koni [ˈkö̞ni̞] 'eel' Near-back.[46]
Slovene[47] oglas [o̞ˈɡlá̠s̪] 'advertisement' Unstressed vowel,[47] as well as an allophone of /o/ before /ʋ/ when a vowel does not follow within the same word.[48] See Slovene phonology
Spanish[49] todo [ˈt̪o̞ð̞o̞] 'all' See Spanish phonology
Tera[50] zo [zo̞ː] 'rope'
Turkish[51][52] kol [kʰo̞ɫ] 'arm' See Turkish phonology
Zapotec Tilquiapan[53] do [d̪o̞] 'corn tassel'

Notes

  1. ^ a b Wissing (2016), section "The rounded mid-high back vowel /ɔ/".
  2. ^ Abdoh (2010:84)
  3. ^ a b Ternes (1992), p. 433.
  4. ^ Lee & Zee (2003), p. 110.
  5. ^ a b Chen & Gussenhoven (2015), p. 328.
  6. ^ a b Dankovičová (1999), p. 72.
  7. ^ Šimáčková, Podlipský & Chládková (2012), pp. 228–230.
  8. ^ a b Grønnum (1998), p. 100.
  9. ^ a b Basbøll (2005), p. 47.
  10. ^ a b Collins & Mees (2003), p. 132.
  11. ^ Peters (2010), p. 241.
  12. ^ Lass (2002), p. 116.
  13. ^ a b Warren & Bauer (2004), p. 617.
  14. ^ Hay, Maclagan & Gordon (2008), pp. 21–22.
  15. ^ Watson (2007), p. 357.
  16. ^ a b Collins & Mees (1990), p. 95.
  17. ^ a b Wells (1982), p. 487.
  18. ^ Roca & Johnson (1999), p. 180.
  19. ^ Peterson (2000), cited in Árnason (2011:76)
  20. ^ Iivonen & Harnud (2005), pp. 60, 66.
  21. ^ Suomi, Toivanen & Ylitalo (2008), p. 21.
  22. ^ Collins & Mees (2013), p. 226.
  23. ^ Dudenredaktion, Kleiner & Knöbl (2015), p. 64.
  24. ^ Dudenredaktion, Kleiner & Knöbl (2015), pp. 34, 64.
  25. ^ Dudenredaktion, Kleiner & Knöbl (2015), p. 65.
  26. ^ Dudenredaktion, Kleiner & Knöbl (2015), pp. 34, 65.
  27. ^ Arvaniti (2007), p. 28.
  28. ^ Trudgill (2009), p. 81.
  29. ^ Laufer (1999), p. 98.
  30. ^ Urua (2004), p. 106.
  31. ^ Brodersen (2011).
  32. ^ Árnason (2011), pp. 57–60.
  33. ^ a b Fortescue (1990), p. 317.
  34. ^ a b Bertinetto & Loporcaro (2005), pp. 137–138.
  35. ^ a b Bertinetto & Loporcaro (2005), p. 137.
  36. ^ Okada (1999), p. 117.
  37. ^ Lee (1999), p. 121.
  38. ^ a b Peters (2006), p. 119.
  39. ^ Vanvik (1979), pp. 13, 17.
  40. ^ Kvifte & Gude-Husken (2005), p. 4.
  41. ^ Kristoffersen (2000), pp. 16–17.
  42. ^ Sarlin (2014), p. 18.
  43. ^ a b Jones & Ward (1969), p. 56.
  44. ^ Kordić (2006), p. 4.
  45. ^ Landau et al. (1999), p. 67.
  46. ^ a b Valenzuela, Márquez Pinedo & Maddieson (2001), p. 282.
  47. ^ a b Tatjana Srebot-Rejec. "On the vowel system in present-day Slovene" (PDF).
  48. ^ Šuštaršič, Komar & Petek (1999), p. 138.
  49. ^ Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003), p. 256.
  50. ^ Tench (2007), p. 230.
  51. ^ Zimmer & Orgun (1999), p. 155.
  52. ^ Göksel & Kerslake (2005), p. 11.
  53. ^ Merrill (2008), p. 109.

References

  • Abdoh, Eman Mohammed (2010), (PDF), archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-11-01, retrieved 2017-03-29
  • Árnason, Kristján (2011), The Phonology of Icelandic and Faroese, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-922931-4
  • Arvaniti, Amalia (2007), (PDF), Journal of Greek Linguistics, 8: 97–208, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.692.1365, doi:10.1075/jgl.8.08arv, archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-12-11
  • Basbøll, Hans (2005), The Phonology of Danish, ISBN 978-0-203-97876-4
  • Bertinetto, Marco; Loporcaro, Michele (2005), "The sound pattern of Standard Italian, as compared with the varieties spoken in Florence, Milan and Rome" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 35 (2): 131–151, doi:10.1017/S0025100305002148
  • Brodersen, Randi Benedikte (2011). . Sprogmuseet (in Danish). Archived from the original on 2019-02-15. Retrieved 2018-03-15.
  • Chen, Yiya; Gussenhoven, Carlos (2015), "Shanghai Chinese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 45 (3): 321–327, doi:10.1017/S0025100315000043
  • Collins, Beverley; Mees, Inger M. (1990), "The Phonetics of Cardiff English", in Coupland, Nikolas; Thomas, Alan Richard (eds.), English in Wales: Diversity, Conflict, and Change, Multilingual Matters Ltd., pp. 87–103, ISBN 978-1-85359-032-0
  • Collins, Beverley; Mees, Inger M. (2003) [First published 1981], The Phonetics of English and Dutch (5th ed.), Leiden: Brill Publishers, ISBN 978-9004103405
  • Collins, Beverley; Mees, Inger M. (2013) [First published 2003], Practical Phonetics and Phonology: A Resource Book for Students (3rd ed.), Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-50650-2
  • Dankovičová, Jana (1999), "Czech", Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 70–74, ISBN 978-0-521-65236-0
  • Dudenredaktion; Kleiner, Stefan; Knöbl, Ralf (2015) [First published 1962], Das Aussprachewörterbuch (in German) (7th ed.), Berlin: Dudenverlag, ISBN 978-3-411-04067-4
  • Fortescue, Michael (1990), "Basic Structures and Processes in West Greenlandic" (PDF), in Collins, Dirmid R. F. (ed.), Arctic Languages: An Awakening, Paris: UNESCO, pp. 309–332, ISBN 978-92-3-102661-4
  • Göksel, Asli; Kerslake, Celia (2005), Turkish: a comprehensive grammar, Routledge, ISBN 978-0415114943
  • Grønnum, Nina (1998), "Illustrations of the IPA: Danish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 28 (1 & 2): 99–105, doi:10.1017/s0025100300006290, S2CID 249412109
  • Hay, Jennifer; Maclagan, Margaret; Gordon, Elizabeth (2008), New Zealand English, Dialects of English, Edinburgh University Press, ISBN 978-0-7486-2529-1
  • Iivonen, Antti; Harnud, Huhe (2005), "Acoustical comparison of the monophthong systems in Finnish, Mongolian and Udmurt", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 35 (1): 59–71, doi:10.1017/S002510030500191X, S2CID 145733117
  • Jones, Daniel; Ward, Dennis (1969), The Phonetics of Russian, Cambridge University Press
  • Kordić, Snježana (2006), Serbo-Croatian, Languages of the World/Materials; 148, Munich & Newcastle: Lincom Europa, ISBN 978-3-89586-161-1
  • Kristoffersen, Gjert (2000), The Phonology of Norwegian, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-823765-5
  • Kvifte, Bjørn; Gude-Husken, Verena (2005) [First published 1997], Praktische Grammatik der norwegischen Sprache (3rd ed.), Gottfried Egert Verlag, ISBN 978-3-926972-54-5
  • Ladefoged, Peter; Johnson, Keith (2010), A Course in Phonetics (6th ed.), Boston, Massachusetts: Wadsworth Publishing, ISBN 978-1-4282-3126-9
  • Landau, Ernestina; Lončarića, Mijo; Horga, Damir; Škarić, Ivo (1999), "Croatian", Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 66–69, ISBN 978-0-521-65236-0
  • Lass, Roger (2002), "South African English", in Mesthrie, Rajend (ed.), Language in South Africa, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9780521791052
  • Laufer, Asher (1999), "Hebrew", Handbook of the International Phonetic Association, pp. 96–99
  • Lee, Hyun Bok (1999), "Korean", Handbook of the International Phonetic Association, Cambridge University Press, pp. 120–122, ISBN 978-0-521-63751-0
  • Lee, Wai-Sum; Zee, Eric (2003), "Standard Chinese (Beijing)", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (1): 109–112, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001208
  • Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (2): 255–259, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001373
  • Merrill, Elizabeth (2008), "Tilquiapan Zapotec" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 38 (1): 107–114, doi:10.1017/S0025100308003344
  • Okada, Hideo (1999), "Japanese", in International Phonetic Association (ed.), Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge University Press, pp. 117–119, ISBN 978-0-52163751-0
  • Peters, Jörg (2006), "The dialect of Hasselt", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 36 (1): 117–124, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002428
  • Peters, Jörg (2010), "The Flemish–Brabant dialect of Orsmaal–Gussenhoven", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 40 (2): 239–246, doi:10.1017/S0025100310000083
  • Peterson, Hjalmar P. (2000), "Mátingar af sjálvljóðum í føruyskum", Málting, 28: 37–43
  • Roca, Iggy; Johnson, Wyn (1999), A Course in Phonology, Blackwell Publishing
  • Sarlin, Mika (2014) [First published 2013], "Sounds of Romanian and their spelling", Romanian Grammar (2nd ed.), Helsinki: Books on Demand GmbH, pp. 16–37, ISBN 978-952-286-898-5
  • Šimáčková, Šárka; Podlipský, Václav Jonáš; Chládková, Kateřina (2012), "Czech spoken in Bohemia and Moravia" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 42 (2): 225–232, doi:10.1017/S0025100312000102
  • Suomi, Kari; Toivanen, Juhani; Ylitalo, Riikka (2008), Finnish sound structure – Phonetics, phonology, phonotactics and prosody (PDF), Studia Humaniora Ouluensia 9, Oulu University Press, ISBN 978-951-42-8984-2
  • Šuštaršič, Rastislav; Komar, Smiljana; Petek, Bojan (1999), "Slovene", Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 135–139, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874, ISBN 978-0-521-65236-0, S2CID 249404451
  • Tench, Paul (2007), "Tera", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 37 (1): 228–234, doi:10.1017/s0025100307002952
  • Ternes, Elmar (1992), "The Breton language", in MacAulay, Donald (ed.), The Celtic Languages, Cambridge University Press, pp. 371–452, ISBN 978-0-521-23127-5
  • Trudgill, Peter (2009), "Greek Dialect Vowel Systems, Vowel Dispersion Theory, and Sociolinguistic Typology", Journal of Greek Linguistics, 9 (1): 80–97, doi:10.1163/156658409X12500896406041
  • Urua, Eno-Abasi E. (2004), "Ibibio", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (1): 105–109, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001550
  • Valenzuela, Pilar M.; Márquez Pinedo, Luis; Maddieson, Ian (2001), "Shipibo", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 31 (2): 281–285, doi:10.1017/S0025100301002109
  • Vanvik, Arne (1979), Norsk fonetikk, Oslo: Universitetet i Oslo, ISBN 978-82-990584-0-7
  • Warren, Paul; Bauer, Laurie (2004), "Maori English: phonology", in Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive (eds.), A handbook of varieties of English, vol. 1: Phonology, Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 614–624, ISBN 978-3-11-017532-5
  • Watson, Kevin (2007), "Liverpool English" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 37 (3): 351–360, doi:10.1017/s0025100307003180
  • Wells, John C. (1982). Accents of English. Volume 3: Beyond the British Isles (pp. i–xx, 467–674). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-52128541-0 .
  • Wissing, Daan (2016). "Afrikaans phonology – segment inventory". Taalportaal. from the original on 15 April 2017. Retrieved 16 April 2017.
  • Zimmer, Karl; Orgun, Orhan (1999), (PDF), Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 154–158, ISBN 978-0-521-65236-0, archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-07-25, retrieved 2015-04-12

External links

  • List of languages with [o̞] on PHOIBLE
  • List of languages with [ɔ̝] on PHOIBLE

January 13, 2023
back, rounded, vowel, back, rounded, vowel, type, vowel, sound, used, some, spoken, languages, while, there, dedicated, symbol, international, phonetic, alphabet, that, represents, exact, back, rounded, vowel, between, close, open, normally, written, precision. The mid back rounded vowel is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages While there is no dedicated symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents the exact mid back rounded vowel between close mid o and open mid ɔ it is normally written o If precision is desired diacritics may be used such as o or ɔ the former being more common There was an alternative IPA symbol for this sound ꭥ A non IPA letter ⱺ is also found Mid back rounded vowelo ɔ IPA Number307 430Audio sample source source source helpEncodingEntity decimal amp 111 amp 798 Unicode hex U 006F U 031EBrailleIPA VowelsFront Central BackClose i y ɨ ʉ ɯ uNear close ɪ ʏ ʊClose mid e o ɘ ɵ ɤ oMid e o e ɤ o Open mid ɛ œ ɜ ɞ ʌ ɔNear open ae ɐOpen a ɶ a ɑ ɒIPA help audio full chart template Legend unrounded roundedJust because a language has only one non close non open back vowel it still may not be a true mid vowel There is a language in Sulawesi Indonesia with a close mid o Tukang Besi Another language in Indonesia in the Maluku Islands has an open mid ɔ Taba In both languages there is no contrast with another mid true mid or close mid vowel Kensiu in Malaysia and Thailand is highly unusual in that it contrasts true mid vowels with close mid and open mid vowels without any difference in other parameters such as backness or roundedness Contents 1 Features 2 Occurrence 3 Notes 4 References 5 External linksFeatures EditIts vowel height is mid which means the tongue is positioned halfway between a close vowel and an open vowel Its vowel backness is back which means the tongue is positioned back in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant Its roundedness is protruded which means that the corners of the lips are drawn together and the inner surfaces exposed Occurrence EditLanguage Word IPA Meaning NotesAfrikaans Standard 1 bok bɔ k goat Typically transcribed in IPA with ɔ The height varies between mid ɔ and close mid o 1 See Afrikaans phonologyArabic Hejazi 2 لـون lōn lo ːn color See Hejazi Arabic phonologyBreton 3 example needed Possible realization of unstressed ɔ can be open mid ɔ or close mid o instead 3 Chinese Taiwanese Mandarin 4 我 wǒ ʋo ɔː I See Standard Chinese phonologyShanghainese 5 高 ko ko tall Near back Realization of ɔ in open syllables and ʊ in closed syllables 5 Czech 6 7 oko ˈo ko eye In Bohemian Czech the backness varies between back and near back whereas the height varies between mid o and close mid o 6 See Czech phonologyDanish Standard 8 9 male ˈmɔ ːle measure Near back 8 9 typically transcribed in IPA with ɔː See Danish phonologyDutch Amsterdam 10 och ɔ x alas Near back 10 corresponds to open mid ɔˤ in standard Dutch See Dutch phonologyOrsmaal Gussenhoven dialect 11 mot mɔ t well Typically transcribed in IPA with ɔ English Cultivated South African 12 thought 8ɔ ːt thought Close mid oː for other speakers See South African English phonologyMaori 13 Near close o ː in General New Zealand English 13 14 Scouse 15 Typically transcribed in IPA with ɔː Some Cardiff speakers 16 Other speakers use a more open advanced and unrounded vowel ʌ ː 16 General American 17 Cambodia kʰɛemˈbo die Cambodia Near back often diphthongal o ʊ 17 Some regional North American varieties use a vowel that is closer to cardinal o See English phonologyYorkshire 18 kʰamˈbo ːdje Corresponds to eʊ in other British dialects See English phonologyFaroese 19 toldi ˈtʰɔ ltɪ endured Typically transcribed in IPA with ɔ See Faroese phonologyFinnish 20 21 kello ˈke lːo clock See Finnish phonologyFrench Parisian 22 pont pɔ bridge Nasalized typically transcribed in IPA with ɔ See French phonologyGerman Southern accents 23 voll fɔ l full Common realization of ɔ in Southern Germany Switzerland and Austria Open mid ɔ in Northern Standard German 24 See Standard German phonologyWestern Swiss accents 25 hoch ho ːx high Close mid oː in other accents 26 See Standard German phonologyGreek Modern Standard 27 28 pws pos po s how See Modern Greek phonologyHebrew 29 שלום shalom sɔlom ʃaˈlo m peace Hebrew vowels are not shown in the script See Niqqud and Modern Hebrew phonologyIbibio 30 do do there Icelandic 31 loft ˈlɔ ft air Typically transcribed in IPA with ɔ The long allophone is often diphthongized to oɔ 32 See Icelandic phonologyInuit West Greenlandic 33 example needed Allophone of u before and especially between uvulars 33 See Inuit phonologyItalian Standard 34 forense fo ˈrɛnse forensic Common realization of the unstressed o 34 See Italian phonologyNorthern accents 35 bosco ˈbo sko forest Local realization of ɔ 35 See Italian phonologyJapanese 36 子 ko ko child See Japanese phonologyKorean 37 보리 bori po ˈɾi barley See Korean phonologyLimburgish Hasselt dialect 38 mok mɔ k mug May be transcribed IPA with ɔ 38 See Hasselt dialect phonologyMalay Standard ڤوكوق pokok po ko ʔ tree See Malay phonologyJohor RiauNorwegian Urban East 39 40 lov lo ːʋ law Also described as close mid oː 41 See Norwegian phonologyRomanian 42 acolo aˈko lo there See Romanian phonologyRussian 43 suhoj sukhoy sukhoj s ʊˈxo j help info dry Some speakers realize it as open mid ɔ 43 See Russian phonologySerbo Croatian 44 45 ko d ko d kod ko ːd code See Serbo Croatian phonologyShipibo 46 koni ˈko ni eel Near back 46 Slovene 47 oglas o ˈɡla s advertisement Unstressed vowel 47 as well as an allophone of o before ʋ when a vowel does not follow within the same word 48 See Slovene phonologySpanish 49 todo ˈt o d o all See Spanish phonologyTera 50 zo zo ː rope Turkish 51 52 kol kʰo ɫ arm See Turkish phonologyZapotec Tilquiapan 53 do d o corn tassel Notes Edit a b Wissing 2016 section The rounded mid high back vowel ɔ Abdoh 2010 84 a b Ternes 1992 p 433 Lee amp Zee 2003 p 110 a b Chen amp Gussenhoven 2015 p 328 a b Dankovicova 1999 p 72 Simackova Podlipsky amp Chladkova 2012 pp 228 230 a b Gronnum 1998 p 100 a b Basboll 2005 p 47 a b Collins amp Mees 2003 p 132 Peters 2010 p 241 Lass 2002 p 116 a b Warren amp Bauer 2004 p 617 Hay Maclagan amp Gordon 2008 pp 21 22 Watson 2007 p 357 a b Collins amp Mees 1990 p 95 a b Wells 1982 p 487 Roca amp Johnson 1999 p 180 Peterson 2000 cited in Arnason 2011 76 Iivonen amp Harnud 2005 pp 60 66 Suomi Toivanen amp Ylitalo 2008 p 21 Collins amp Mees 2013 p 226 Dudenredaktion Kleiner amp Knobl 2015 p 64 Dudenredaktion Kleiner amp Knobl 2015 pp 34 64 Dudenredaktion Kleiner amp Knobl 2015 p 65 Dudenredaktion Kleiner amp Knobl 2015 pp 34 65 Arvaniti 2007 p 28 Trudgill 2009 p 81 Laufer 1999 p 98 Urua 2004 p 106 Brodersen 2011 Arnason 2011 pp 57 60 a b Fortescue 1990 p 317 a b Bertinetto amp Loporcaro 2005 pp 137 138 a b Bertinetto amp Loporcaro 2005 p 137 Okada 1999 p 117 Lee 1999 p 121 a b Peters 2006 p 119 Vanvik 1979 pp 13 17 Kvifte amp Gude Husken 2005 p 4 Kristoffersen 2000 pp 16 17 Sarlin 2014 p 18 a b Jones amp Ward 1969 p 56 Kordic 2006 p 4 Landau et al 1999 p 67 a b Valenzuela Marquez Pinedo amp Maddieson 2001 p 282 a b Tatjana Srebot Rejec On the vowel system in present day Slovene PDF Sustarsic Komar amp Petek 1999 p 138 Martinez Celdran Fernandez Planas amp Carrera Sabate 2003 p 256 Tench 2007 p 230 Zimmer amp Orgun 1999 p 155 Goksel amp Kerslake 2005 p 11 Merrill 2008 p 109 References EditAbdoh Eman Mohammed 2010 A Study of the Phonological Structure and Representation of First Words in Arabic PDF archived from the original PDF on 2018 11 01 retrieved 2017 03 29 Arnason Kristjan 2011 The Phonology of Icelandic and Faroese Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 922931 4 Arvaniti Amalia 2007 Greek Phonetics The State of the Art PDF Journal of Greek Linguistics 8 97 208 CiteSeerX 10 1 1 692 1365 doi 10 1075 jgl 8 08arv archived from the original PDF on 2013 12 11 Basboll Hans 2005 The Phonology of Danish ISBN 978 0 203 97876 4 Bertinetto Marco Loporcaro Michele 2005 The sound pattern of Standard Italian as compared with the varieties spoken in Florence Milan and Rome PDF Journal of the International Phonetic Association 35 2 131 151 doi 10 1017 S0025100305002148 Brodersen Randi Benedikte 2011 Islaendinges udtale af dansk Sprogmuseet in Danish Archived from the original on 2019 02 15 Retrieved 2018 03 15 Chen Yiya Gussenhoven Carlos 2015 Shanghai Chinese Journal of the International Phonetic Association 45 3 321 327 doi 10 1017 S0025100315000043 Collins Beverley Mees Inger M 1990 The Phonetics of Cardiff English in Coupland Nikolas Thomas Alan Richard eds English in Wales Diversity Conflict and Change Multilingual Matters Ltd pp 87 103 ISBN 978 1 85359 032 0 Collins Beverley Mees Inger M 2003 First published 1981 The Phonetics of English and Dutch 5th ed Leiden Brill Publishers ISBN 978 9004103405 Collins Beverley Mees Inger M 2013 First published 2003 Practical Phonetics and Phonology A Resource Book for Students 3rd ed Routledge ISBN 978 0 415 50650 2 Dankovicova Jana 1999 Czech Handbook of the International Phonetic Association A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet Cambridge Cambridge University Press pp 70 74 ISBN 978 0 521 65236 0 Dudenredaktion Kleiner Stefan Knobl Ralf 2015 First published 1962 Das Ausspracheworterbuch in German 7th ed Berlin Dudenverlag ISBN 978 3 411 04067 4 Fortescue Michael 1990 Basic Structures and Processes in West Greenlandic PDF in Collins Dirmid R F ed Arctic Languages An Awakening Paris UNESCO pp 309 332 ISBN 978 92 3 102661 4 Goksel Asli Kerslake Celia 2005 Turkish a comprehensive grammar Routledge ISBN 978 0415114943 Gronnum Nina 1998 Illustrations of the IPA Danish Journal of the International Phonetic Association 28 1 amp 2 99 105 doi 10 1017 s0025100300006290 S2CID 249412109 Hay Jennifer Maclagan Margaret Gordon Elizabeth 2008 New Zealand English Dialects of English Edinburgh University Press ISBN 978 0 7486 2529 1 Iivonen Antti Harnud Huhe 2005 Acoustical comparison of the monophthong systems in Finnish Mongolian and Udmurt Journal of the International Phonetic Association 35 1 59 71 doi 10 1017 S002510030500191X S2CID 145733117 Jones Daniel Ward Dennis 1969 The Phonetics of Russian Cambridge University Press Kordic Snjezana 2006 Serbo Croatian Languages of the World Materials 148 Munich amp Newcastle Lincom Europa ISBN 978 3 89586 161 1 Kristoffersen Gjert 2000 The Phonology of Norwegian Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 823765 5 Kvifte Bjorn Gude Husken Verena 2005 First published 1997 Praktische Grammatik der norwegischen Sprache 3rd ed Gottfried Egert Verlag ISBN 978 3 926972 54 5 Ladefoged Peter Johnson Keith 2010 A Course in Phonetics 6th ed Boston Massachusetts Wadsworth Publishing ISBN 978 1 4282 3126 9 Landau Ernestina Loncarica Mijo Horga Damir Skaric Ivo 1999 Croatian Handbook of the International Phonetic Association A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet Cambridge Cambridge University Press pp 66 69 ISBN 978 0 521 65236 0 Lass Roger 2002 South African English in Mesthrie Rajend ed Language in South Africa Cambridge University Press ISBN 9780521791052 Laufer Asher 1999 Hebrew Handbook of the International Phonetic Association pp 96 99 Lee Hyun Bok 1999 Korean Handbook of the International Phonetic Association Cambridge University Press pp 120 122 ISBN 978 0 521 63751 0 Lee Wai Sum Zee Eric 2003 Standard Chinese Beijing Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 1 109 112 doi 10 1017 S0025100303001208 Martinez Celdran Eugenio Fernandez Planas Ana Ma Carrera Sabate Josefina 2003 Castilian Spanish Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 2 255 259 doi 10 1017 S0025100303001373 Merrill Elizabeth 2008 Tilquiapan Zapotec PDF Journal of the International Phonetic Association 38 1 107 114 doi 10 1017 S0025100308003344 Okada Hideo 1999 Japanese in International Phonetic Association ed Handbook of the International Phonetic Association A Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet Cambridge University Press pp 117 119 ISBN 978 0 52163751 0 Peters Jorg 2006 The dialect of Hasselt Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36 1 117 124 doi 10 1017 S0025100306002428 Peters Jorg 2010 The Flemish Brabant dialect of Orsmaal Gussenhoven Journal of the International Phonetic Association 40 2 239 246 doi 10 1017 S0025100310000083 Peterson Hjalmar P 2000 Matingar af sjalvljodum i foruyskum Malting 28 37 43 Roca Iggy Johnson Wyn 1999 A Course in Phonology Blackwell Publishing Sarlin Mika 2014 First published 2013 Sounds of Romanian and their spelling Romanian Grammar 2nd ed Helsinki Books on Demand GmbH pp 16 37 ISBN 978 952 286 898 5 Simackova Sarka Podlipsky Vaclav Jonas Chladkova Katerina 2012 Czech spoken in Bohemia and Moravia PDF Journal of the International Phonetic Association 42 2 225 232 doi 10 1017 S0025100312000102 Suomi Kari Toivanen Juhani Ylitalo Riikka 2008 Finnish sound structure Phonetics phonology phonotactics and prosody PDF Studia Humaniora Ouluensia 9 Oulu University Press ISBN 978 951 42 8984 2 Sustarsic Rastislav Komar Smiljana Petek Bojan 1999 Slovene Handbook of the International Phonetic Association A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet Cambridge Cambridge University Press pp 135 139 doi 10 1017 S0025100300004874 ISBN 978 0 521 65236 0 S2CID 249404451 Tench Paul 2007 Tera Journal of the International Phonetic Association 37 1 228 234 doi 10 1017 s0025100307002952 Ternes Elmar 1992 The Breton language in MacAulay Donald ed The Celtic Languages Cambridge University Press pp 371 452 ISBN 978 0 521 23127 5 Trudgill Peter 2009 Greek Dialect Vowel Systems Vowel Dispersion Theory and Sociolinguistic Typology Journal of Greek Linguistics 9 1 80 97 doi 10 1163 156658409X12500896406041 Urua Eno Abasi E 2004 Ibibio Journal of the International Phonetic Association 34 1 105 109 doi 10 1017 S0025100304001550 Valenzuela Pilar M Marquez Pinedo Luis Maddieson Ian 2001 Shipibo Journal of the International Phonetic Association 31 2 281 285 doi 10 1017 S0025100301002109 Vanvik Arne 1979 Norsk fonetikk Oslo Universitetet i Oslo ISBN 978 82 990584 0 7 Warren Paul Bauer Laurie 2004 Maori English phonology in Schneider Edgar W Burridge Kate Kortmann Bernd Mesthrie Rajend Upton Clive eds A handbook of varieties of English vol 1 Phonology Mouton de Gruyter pp 614 624 ISBN 978 3 11 017532 5 Watson Kevin 2007 Liverpool English PDF Journal of the International Phonetic Association 37 3 351 360 doi 10 1017 s0025100307003180 Wells John C 1982 Accents of English Volume 3 Beyond the British Isles pp i xx 467 674 Cambridge University Press ISBN 0 52128541 0 Wissing Daan 2016 Afrikaans phonology segment inventory Taalportaal Archived from the original on 15 April 2017 Retrieved 16 April 2017 Zimmer Karl Orgun Orhan 1999 Turkish PDF Handbook of the International Phonetic Association A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet Cambridge Cambridge University Press pp 154 158 ISBN 978 0 521 65236 0 archived from the original PDF on 2018 07 25 retrieved 2015 04 12External links EditList of languages with o on PHOIBLE List of languages with ɔ on PHOIBLE Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mid back rounded vowel amp oldid 1123485975, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.