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Open front rounded vowel

January 17, 2024

"ɶ" redirects here. Not to be confused with Œ. For other uses, see oe (disambiguation).

The (near) open front rounded vowel, or (near) low front rounded vowel,[1] is a type of vowel sound that has not been confirmed to be phonemic in any spoken language.[citation needed] The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɶ⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is &. The letter ⟨ɶ⟩ is a small caps rendition of ⟨Œ⟩. ⟨œ⟩, the lowercase version of the ligature, is used for the open-mid front rounded vowel.

Open front rounded vowel
ɶ
IPA Number312
Audio sample
source · help
Encoding
Entity (decimal)ɶ
Unicode (hex)U+0276
X-SAMPA&
Braille

While the IPA chart lists it as a fully open vowel, the rounded equivalent of [a], Ladefoged[2] characterizes it as near-open, the rounded equivalent of [æ].

A phoneme generally transcribed by this symbol is reported from the Bavarian dialect of Amstetten. However, it is phonetically open-mid, [œ].[3]

It occurs allophonically in Weert Limburgish[4] as well as in some speakers of Danish[5] and Swedish.[6] Certain transcriptions of Danish use ⟨ɶ⟩ to denote an open-mid front rounded vowel [œ].[5]

In Maastrichtian Limburgish, the vowel transcribed with ⟨ɶː⟩ in the Mestreechter Taol dictionary is phonetically near-open central [ɐ̹ː]. It is a phonological open-mid front rounded vowel, the long counterpart of /œ/.[7]

Riad (2014) reports that [ɶː] in Stockholm Swedish is sometimes difficult to distinguish from [ɒː], which is the main realization of the /ɑː/ phoneme, a sign that both vowels are phonetically very close.[6]

Features edit

  • Its vowel height is open, also known as low, which means the tongue is positioned far from the roof of the mouth – that is, low in the mouth.
  • Its vowel backness is front, which means the tongue is positioned forward in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant. Rounded front vowels are often centralized, which means that often they are in fact near-front.
  • It is rounded, which means that the lips are rounded rather than spread or relaxed.

Occurrence edit

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Danish Some speakers[5] grøn [ˈkʁɶ̝nˀ] 'green' Near-open;[8] allophone of /ø/ between /ʁ/ and /v/ as well as an allophone of /œ/ between /ʁ/ and a nasal.[9] Other speakers pronounce it the same as [œ].[5] See Danish phonology
Limburgish Weert dialect[4] bui [bɶj] 'shower' Allophone of /œ/ before /j/.[4] See Weert dialect phonology
Swedish Stockholm[6] öra [ˈɶ̂ːra̠] 'ear' Pre-/r/ allophone of /øː/ (sometimes also /œ/) for younger speakers.[6] Open-mid [œː, œ] for other speakers.[6] See Swedish phonology

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ While the International Phonetic Association prefers the terms "close" and "open" for vowel height, many linguists use "high" and "low".
  2. ^ Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. p. 290. ISBN 0-631-19815-6.
  3. ^ Traunmüller (1982), cited in Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996:290)
  4. ^ a b c Heijmans & Gussenhoven (1998:110)
  5. ^ a b c d Basbøll (2005:46)
  6. ^ a b c d e Riad (2014:38)
  7. ^ Gussenhoven & Aarts (1999:159, 161–162, 164)
  8. ^ Grønnum (1998:100)
  9. ^ Grønnum (2005:288)

References edit

  • Basbøll, Hans (2005), The Phonology of Danish, ISBN 0-203-97876-5
  • Grønnum, Nina (1998), "Danish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 28 (1–2): 99–105, doi:10.1017/S0025100300006290
  • Grønnum, Nina (2005), Fonetik og fonologi, Almen og Dansk (3rd ed.), Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag, ISBN 87-500-3865-6
  • Gussenhoven, Carlos; Aarts, Flor (1999), "The dialect of Maastricht" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, University of Nijmegen, Centre for Language Studies, 29 (2): 155–166, doi:10.1017/S0025100300006526
  • Heijmans, Linda; Gussenhoven, Carlos (1998), "The Dutch dialect of Weert" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 28 (1–2): 107–112, doi:10.1017/S0025100300006307
  • Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-19815-6.
  • Riad, Tomas (2014), The Phonology of Swedish, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-954357-1
  • Traunmüller, Hartmut (1982), "Vokalismus in der westniederösterreichischen Mundart.", Zeitschrift für Dialektologie und Linguistik, 2: 289–333

External links edit

  • List of languages with [ɶ] on PHOIBLE

January 17, 2024
open, front, rounded, vowel, redirects, here, confused, with, other, uses, disambiguation, near, open, front, rounded, vowel, near, front, rounded, vowel, type, vowel, sound, that, been, confirmed, phonemic, spoken, language, citation, needed, symbol, internat. ɶ redirects here Not to be confused with Œ For other uses see oe disambiguation The near open front rounded vowel or near low front rounded vowel 1 is a type of vowel sound that has not been confirmed to be phonemic in any spoken language citation needed The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ɶ and the equivalent X SAMPA symbol is amp The letter ɶ is a small caps rendition of Œ œ the lowercase version of the ligature is used for the open mid front rounded vowel Open front rounded vowelɶIPA Number312Audio sample source source source helpEncodingEntity decimal amp 630 Unicode hex U 0276X SAMPA amp BrailleImageIPA VowelsFront Central BackClose i y ɨ ʉ ɯ uNear close ɪ ʏ ʊClose mid e o ɘ ɵ ɤ oMid e o e ɤ o Open mid ɛ œ ɜ ɞ ʌ ɔNear open ae ɐOpen a ɶ a ɑ ɒIPA help audio full chart template Legend unrounded roundedWhile the IPA chart lists it as a fully open vowel the rounded equivalent of a Ladefoged 2 characterizes it as near open the rounded equivalent of ae A phoneme generally transcribed by this symbol is reported from the Bavarian dialect of Amstetten However it is phonetically open mid œ 3 It occurs allophonically in Weert Limburgish 4 as well as in some speakers of Danish 5 and Swedish 6 Certain transcriptions of Danish use ɶ to denote an open mid front rounded vowel œ 5 In Maastrichtian Limburgish the vowel transcribed with ɶː in the Mestreechter Taol dictionary is phonetically near open central ɐ ː It is a phonological open mid front rounded vowel the long counterpart of œ 7 Riad 2014 reports that ɶː in Stockholm Swedish is sometimes difficult to distinguish from ɒː which is the main realization of the ɑː phoneme a sign that both vowels are phonetically very close 6 Contents 1 Features 2 Occurrence 3 See also 4 Notes 5 References 6 External linksFeatures editIts vowel height is open also known as low which means the tongue is positioned far from the roof of the mouth that is low in the mouth Its vowel backness is front which means the tongue is positioned forward in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant Rounded front vowels are often centralized which means that often they are in fact near front It is rounded which means that the lips are rounded rather than spread or relaxed Occurrence editLanguage Word IPA Meaning NotesDanish Some speakers 5 gron ˈkʁɶ nˀ green Near open 8 allophone of o between ʁ and v as well as an allophone of œ between ʁ and a nasal 9 Other speakers pronounce it the same as œ 5 See Danish phonologyLimburgish Weert dialect 4 bui bɶj shower Allophone of œ before j 4 See Weert dialect phonologySwedish Stockholm 6 ora ˈɶ ːra ear Pre r allophone of oː sometimes also œ for younger speakers 6 Open mid œː œ for other speakers 6 See Swedish phonologySee also editIndex of phonetics articlesNotes edit While the International Phonetic Association prefers the terms close and open for vowel height many linguists use high and low Ladefoged Peter Maddieson Ian 1996 The Sounds of the World s Languages Oxford Blackwell p 290 ISBN 0 631 19815 6 Traunmuller 1982 cited in Ladefoged amp Maddieson 1996 290 a b c Heijmans amp Gussenhoven 1998 110 a b c d Basboll 2005 46 a b c d e Riad 2014 38 Gussenhoven amp Aarts 1999 159 161 162 164 Gronnum 1998 100 Gronnum 2005 288 References editBasboll Hans 2005 The Phonology of Danish ISBN 0 203 97876 5 Gronnum Nina 1998 Danish Journal of the International Phonetic Association 28 1 2 99 105 doi 10 1017 S0025100300006290 Gronnum Nina 2005 Fonetik og fonologi Almen og Dansk 3rd ed Copenhagen Akademisk Forlag ISBN 87 500 3865 6 Gussenhoven Carlos Aarts Flor 1999 The dialect of Maastricht PDF Journal of the International Phonetic Association University of Nijmegen Centre for Language Studies 29 2 155 166 doi 10 1017 S0025100300006526 Heijmans Linda Gussenhoven Carlos 1998 The Dutch dialect of Weert PDF Journal of the International Phonetic Association 28 1 2 107 112 doi 10 1017 S0025100300006307 Ladefoged Peter Maddieson Ian 1996 The Sounds of the World s Languages Oxford Blackwell ISBN 0 631 19815 6 Riad Tomas 2014 The Phonology of Swedish Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 954357 1 Traunmuller Hartmut 1982 Vokalismus in der westniederosterreichischen Mundart Zeitschrift fur Dialektologie und Linguistik 2 289 333External links editList of languages with ɶ on PHOIBLE Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Open front rounded vowel amp oldid 1186211770, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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