fbpx
Wikipedia

Mid back unrounded vowel

January 01, 1970

The mid back unrounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. Although there is no dedicated symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents the exact mid back unrounded vowel between close-mid [ɤ] and open-mid [ʌ]. Because no language is known to distinguish all three, ⟨ɤ⟩ is normally used. If more precision is desired, diacritics can be used, such as ⟨ɤ̞⟩ or ⟨ʌ̝⟩.

Mid back unrounded vowel
ɤ̞
ʌ̝
IPA Number315 430
Audio sample
source · help
Encoding
Entity (decimal)ɤ​̞
Unicode (hex)U+0264 U+031E

Features edit

Occurrence edit

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Bulgarian[1] път [pɤ̞t̪] 'path' Typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨ɤ⟩ in broad transcriptions. See Bulgarian phonology
Chinese Shanghainese[2] 渠 [kɤ̞¹] 'ditch' Tends to be diphthongized to [ɤ̞ɯ̞] by younger speakers.[2]
English Cardiff[3] plus [pl̥ʌ̝s] 'plus' May be [ə], [ɜ], [ɜ̟] or [ë̞] instead.[3] It corresponds to [ʌ] in other dialects. Typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨ʌ⟩.
Norfolk[4] Corresponds to [ʌ] in other dialects. Typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨ʌ⟩. See English phonology
Philadelphia[5] [pɫ̥ʌ̝s] May be either open-mid [ʌ] or a lowered and unrounded /uː/ ([ɯ̽]) instead.[5] It corresponds to [ʌ] in other dialects. Typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨ʌ⟩. See English phonology
Gayo[6] kule [kuˈlɤ̞ː] 'tiger' One of the possible allophones of /ə/.[6]
German Chemnitz dialect[7] Schirm [ʃʌ̝ˤːm] 'umbrella' Pharyngealized; may be an opening diphthong [ɪːɒ̯] instead.[7]
Ibibio[8] [dʌ̝k˦] 'enter' Typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨ʌ⟩.[8]
Vietnamese Hanoi[9] tờ [t̻ɤ̞˧˨] 'sheet' Realization of /ɤ/ (also transcribed in IPA with ⟨ə⟩) according to Kirby (2011). See Vietnamese phonology

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Ternes & Vladimirova-Buhtz (1999), p. 56.
  2. ^ a b Chen & Gussenhoven (2015), p. 328.
  3. ^ a b Collins & Mees (1990), p. 93.
  4. ^ Lodge (2009), p. 168.
  5. ^ a b Gordon (2004), p. 290.
  6. ^ a b Eades & Hajek (2006), p. 111.
  7. ^ a b Khan & Weise (2013), p. 236.
  8. ^ a b Urua (2004), p. 106.
  9. ^ Kirby (2011), p. 384.

References edit

  • Chen, Yiya; Gussenhoven, Carlos (2015), "Shanghai Chinese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 45 (3): 321–327, doi:10.1017/S0025100315000043
  • Collins, Beverley; Mees, Inger M. (1990), "The Phonetics of Cardiff English", in Coupland, Nikolas; Thomas, Alan Richard (eds.), English in Wales: Diversity, Conflict, and Change, Multilingual Matters Ltd., pp. 87–103, ISBN 1-85359-032-0
  • Eades, Domenyk; Hajek, John (2006), "Gayo", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 36 (1): 107–115, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002416
  • Gordon, Matthew J. (2004), "New York, Philadelphia, and other northern cities: phonology", in Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive (eds.), A handbook of varieties of English, vol. 1: Phonology, Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 282–299, ISBN 3-11-017532-0
  • Khan, Sameer ud Dowla; Weise, Constanze (2013), "Upper Saxon (Chemnitz dialect)" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 43 (2): 231–241, doi:10.1017/S0025100313000145
  • Kirby, James P. (2011), "Vietnamese (Hanoi Vietnamese)" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 41 (3): 381–392, doi:10.1017/S0025100311000181
  • Lodge, Ken (2009), A Critical Introduction to Phonetics, Continuum International Publishing Group, ISBN 978-0-8264-8873-2
  • Ternes, Elmer; Vladimirova-Buhtz, Tatjana (1999), "Bulgarian", Handbook of the International Phonetic Association, Cambridge University Press, pp. 55–57, ISBN 0-521-63751-1
  • Urua, Eno-Abasi E. (2004), "Ibibio", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (1): 105–109, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001550

External links edit

  • List of languages with [ɤ̞] on PHOIBLE

January 01, 1970
back, unrounded, vowel, back, unrounded, vowel, type, vowel, sound, used, some, spoken, languages, although, there, dedicated, symbol, international, phonetic, alphabet, that, represents, exact, back, unrounded, vowel, between, close, open, because, language, . The mid back unrounded vowel is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages Although there is no dedicated symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents the exact mid back unrounded vowel between close mid ɤ and open mid ʌ Because no language is known to distinguish all three ɤ is normally used If more precision is desired diacritics can be used such as ɤ or ʌ Mid back unrounded vowelɤ ʌ IPA Number315 430Audio sample source source source source helpEncodingEntity decimal amp 612 amp 798 Unicode hex U 0264 U 031E IPA Vowels Front Central Back Close i y ɨ ʉ ɯ u Near close ɪ ʏ ʊ Close mid e o ɘ ɵ ɤ o Mid e o e ɤ o Open mid ɛ œ ɜ ɞ ʌ ɔ Near open ae ɐ Open a ɶ a ɑ ɒ IPA help audio full chart template Legend unrounded rounded Contents 1 Features 2 Occurrence 3 See also 4 Notes 5 References 6 External linksFeatures editIts vowel height is mid which means the tongue is positioned halfway between a close vowel and an open vowel Its vowel backness is back which means the tongue is positioned back in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant Unrounded back vowels tend to be centralized which means that often they are in fact near back It is unrounded which means that the lips are not rounded Occurrence editLanguage Word IPA Meaning Notes Bulgarian 1 pt pɤ t path Typically transcribed in IPA with ɤ in broad transcriptions See Bulgarian phonology Chinese Shanghainese 2 渠 kɤ ditch Tends to be diphthongized to ɤ ɯ by younger speakers 2 English Cardiff 3 plus pl ʌ s plus May be e ɜ ɜ or e instead 3 It corresponds to ʌ in other dialects Typically transcribed in IPA with ʌ Norfolk 4 Corresponds to ʌ in other dialects Typically transcribed in IPA with ʌ See English phonology Philadelphia 5 pɫ ʌ s May be either open mid ʌ or a lowered and unrounded uː ɯ instead 5 It corresponds to ʌ in other dialects Typically transcribed in IPA with ʌ See English phonology Gayo 6 kule kuˈlɤ ː tiger One of the possible allophones of e 6 German Chemnitz dialect 7 Schirm ʃʌ ˤːm umbrella Pharyngealized may be an opening diphthong ɪːɒ instead 7 Ibibio 8 dʌ k enter Typically transcribed in IPA with ʌ 8 Vietnamese Hanoi 9 tờ t ɤ sheet Realization of ɤ also transcribed in IPA with e according to Kirby 2011 See Vietnamese phonologySee also editIndex of phonetics articlesNotes edit Ternes amp Vladimirova Buhtz 1999 p 56 a b Chen amp Gussenhoven 2015 p 328 a b Collins amp Mees 1990 p 93 Lodge 2009 p 168 a b Gordon 2004 p 290 a b Eades amp Hajek 2006 p 111 a b Khan amp Weise 2013 p 236 a b Urua 2004 p 106 Kirby 2011 p 384 References editChen Yiya Gussenhoven Carlos 2015 Shanghai Chinese Journal of the International Phonetic Association 45 3 321 327 doi 10 1017 S0025100315000043 Collins Beverley Mees Inger M 1990 The Phonetics of Cardiff English in Coupland Nikolas Thomas Alan Richard eds English in Wales Diversity Conflict and Change Multilingual Matters Ltd pp 87 103 ISBN 1 85359 032 0 Eades Domenyk Hajek John 2006 Gayo Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36 1 107 115 doi 10 1017 S0025100306002416 Gordon Matthew J 2004 New York Philadelphia and other northern cities phonology in Schneider Edgar W Burridge Kate Kortmann Bernd Mesthrie Rajend Upton Clive eds A handbook of varieties of English vol 1 Phonology Mouton de Gruyter pp 282 299 ISBN 3 11 017532 0 Khan Sameer ud Dowla Weise Constanze 2013 Upper Saxon Chemnitz dialect PDF Journal of the International Phonetic Association 43 2 231 241 doi 10 1017 S0025100313000145 Kirby James P 2011 Vietnamese Hanoi Vietnamese PDF Journal of the International Phonetic Association 41 3 381 392 doi 10 1017 S0025100311000181 Lodge Ken 2009 A Critical Introduction to Phonetics Continuum International Publishing Group ISBN 978 0 8264 8873 2 Ternes Elmer Vladimirova Buhtz Tatjana 1999 Bulgarian Handbook of the International Phonetic Association Cambridge University Press pp 55 57 ISBN 0 521 63751 1 Urua Eno Abasi E 2004 Ibibio Journal of the International Phonetic Association 34 1 105 109 doi 10 1017 S0025100304001550External links editList of languages with ɤ on PHOIBLE Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mid back unrounded vowel amp oldid 1200729146, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.