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Wikipedia

Video games and Linux

January 01, 1970

Linux-based operating systems can be used for playing video games. Because many games are not natively supported for the Linux kernel, various software has been made to run Windows games, such as Wine, Cedega, and Proton, and managers such as Lutris and PlayOnLinux. The Linux gaming community has a presence on the internet with users who attempt to run games that are not officially supported on Linux.

History edit

See also: Open source video game § History
 
NetHack, a primordial Unix game

Linux gaming started largely as an extension of the already present Unix gaming scene,[1] which dates back to that system's conception in 1969 with the game Space Travel[2][3][self-published source?] and the first edition in 1971,[4] with both systems sharing many similar titles.[5][self-published source?] These games were mostly either arcade and parlour type games or text adventures using libraries like curses.[6][7] A notable example of this are the "BSD Games", a collection of interactive fiction and other text-mode amusements.[8][9] The free software philosophy and open source methodology which drove the development of the operating system in general also spawned the creation of various early free games.[10][11]

Popular early titles included Netrek and the various XAsteroids, XBattle, XBill, XBoing, X-Bomber, XConq, XDigger, XEmeraldia, XEvil, XGalaga, XGammon, XLander, XLife, XMahjong, XMine, XSoldier, XPilot, XRobots, XRubiks, XShogi, XScavenger, XTris, XTron, XTic and XTux games using the X Window System.[12][13] Other games targeted or also supported the SVGAlib library allowing them to run without a windowing system,[14] such as LinCity, Maelstrom, Sasteroids,[15] and SABRE.[16] The General Graphics Interface was also utilized[17] for games like U.R.B.A.N The Cyborg Project[18] and Dave Gnukem[19] ported from MS-DOS. As the operating system itself grew and expanded, the amount of free and open-source games also increased in scale and complexity, with both clones of historically popular releases beginning with BZFlag, LinCity, and FreeCiv,[20] as well as original creations such as Rocks'n'Diamonds, Cube, The Battle for Wesnoth, and Tux Racer.[21]

1994–1997 edit

 
Doom was one of the first major commercial games to be released for Linux.

The beginning of Linux as a gaming platform for commercial video games is widely credited to have begun in 1994 when Dave D. Taylor ported the game Doom to Linux, as well as many other systems, during his spare time.[22][23] Shareware copies of the game were included on various Linux discs,[24] including those packed in with reference books.[25][26][27] From there Taylor would also help found the development studio Crack dot Com, which released the video game Abuse,[28] with the game's Linux port even being distributed by Linux vendors Red Hat[29] and Caldera.[30] The studio's never finished Golgotha was also slated to be released by Red Hat in box.[31] Ancient Domains of Mystery was also released for Linux in 1994 by Thomas Biskup, building on the roguelike legacy of games such as Moria and its descendent Angband, but more specifically Hack and NetHack.

id Software, the original developers of Doom, also continued to release their products for Linux. Their game Quake was ported to Linux via X11 in 1996, once again by Dave D. Taylor working in his free time.[32][33] An SVGALib version was also later produced by Greg Alexander in 1997 using recently leaked source code, but was later mainlined by id.[34] Later id products continued to be ported by Zoid Kirsch[35] and Timothee Besset,[36] a practice that continued until the studio's acquisition by ZeniMax Media in 2009.[37] The ports of Quake and Quake II were released physically by Macmillan Computer Publishing USA,[38] while Quake III was released for Linux by Loki Software.[39] Red Hat had previously passed on publishing Quake for Linux, since it was not open-source at the time.[40]

In 1991 DUX Software contracted Don Hopkins to port SimCity to Unix,[41] which he later ported to Linux and eventually released as open source for the OLPC XO Laptop.[42] Other early commercial Linux games included Hopkins FBI, an adventure game released in 1998 by MP Entertainment,[43] and Inner Worlds in 1996, which was released for and developed on Linux.[44] In 1998, two programmers from Origin ported Ultima Online to Linux.[45] The UNIX Book of Games, a 1996 publication by Janice Winsor, described various games with an accompanying CD-ROM containing executables and source code for Linux and SCO Unix.[46]

A website called The Linux Game Tome, also known as HappyPenguin after its URL, was begun by Tessa Lau in 1995 to catalogue games created for or ported to Linux from the SunSITE game directories as well as other classic X11 games for a collection of just over 100 titles.[47] It was taken over by Bob Zimbinski in 1998 eventually growing to over 2000 entries, sponsored by retailer Penguin Computing and later LGP until it went down in 2013, although mirrors still exist.[48][49]

1998–2002 edit

 
The Simple DirectMedia Layer provided platform independent abstraction.

The site LinuxGames covered news and commentary from November 1998 until its host Atomicgamer went down in 2015.[50][51] It was established by Marvin Malkowski, head of the Telefragged gaming network, alongside Al Koskelin and Dustin Reyes;[52] Reyes passed away August 8, 2023.[53]

On November 9, 1998, a new software firm called Loki Software was founded by Scott Draeker, a former lawyer who became interested in porting games to Linux after being introduced to the system through his work as a software licensing attorney.[54] Loki, although a commercial failure, is credited with the birth of the modern Linux game industry.[55] Loki developed several free software tools, such as the Loki installer (also known as Loki Setup),[56] and supported the development of the Simple DirectMedia Layer,[57] as well as starting the OpenAL audio library project.[58][59] These are still often credited as being the cornerstones of Linux game development.[60] They were also responsible for bringing nineteen high-profile games to the platform before its closure in 2002.

Loki's initial success also attracted other firms to invest in the Linux gaming market, such as Tribsoft, Hyperion Entertainment, Macmillan Digital Publishing USA, Titan Computer, Xatrix Entertainment, Philos Laboratories, and Vicarious Visions.[61] During this time Michael Simms founded Tux Games, one of the first online Linux game retailers,[62] later followed by Fun 4 Tux,[63] Wupra,[64] ixsoft, and LinuxPusher.[65] The Indrema Entertainment System (also known as the L600) was also in development since 1999 as a Linux based game console and digital media player,[66][67][68] but production halted in 2001 due to a lack of investment,[69][70] although the TuxBox project attempted a continuation.[71]

The period also saw a number of commercial compilations released,[72] such as 100 Great Linux Games by Global Star Software,[73] Linux Games by Walnut Creek CDROM,[74][75] Linux Games++ by Pacific Hitech,[76][77] Linux Cubed Series 8 LINUX Games by Omeron Systems,[78] Best Linux Games by SOT Finnish Software Engineering,[79][80][81] LinuxCenter Games Collection,[82] Linux Games & Entertainment for X Windows by Hemming,[83][84] Linux Spiele & Games by more software,[85] Linux Spiele by Franzis Verlag,[86] and play it! Linux: Die Spielesammlung by S.A.D. Software.[87] Numerous Linux distributions and collections packed in Loki games and demos,[88] including Red Hat Linux,[89] Corel Linux and WordPerfect Office,[90][91] and the complete Eric's Ultimate Solitaire bundled with PowerPlant by TheKompany.[92]

The release of ScummVM in 2001,[93] Dosbox in 2002,[94] as well as video game console emulators like MAME from 1997 and released as open source in 2016, helped make Linux a viable platform for retro gaming (facilitated by the RetroArch frontend since 2010).[95][96] This is especially the case for the GP2X series of handheld game consoles by GamePark Holdings in addition to the community driven Pandora and DragonBox Pyra. Dedicated emulation setups are also built on single-board computers like the Raspberry Pi released in 2012, which are most often Linux based including with Raspberry Pi OS.[97] Wine is also useful for running older Windows games,[98] including 16-bit and even some 32-bit applications that no longer work on modern 64-bit Windows.[99] The Sharp Zaurus personal data assistants adopted a Linux derived system called OpenZaurus, which attracted its own gaming scene.[100][101] This was also the case with the Agenda VR3, advertised as the first "pure Linux PDA".[102][103]

2003–2007 edit

 
Former Loki Software employee Ryan C. Gordon

After Loki's closure, the Linux game market experienced some changes.[104] Although some new firms, such as Linux Game Publishing and RuneSoft, would largely continue the role of a standard porting house,[105] the focus began to change with Linux game proponents encouraging game developers to port their game products themselves or through individual contractors.[106] Influential to this was Ryan C. Gordon, a former Loki employee who would over the next decade port several game titles to multiple platforms, including Linux.[107]

Around this time many companies, starting with id Software, also began to release legacy source code leading to a proliferation of source ports of older games to Linux and other systems.[108] This also helped expand the already existing free and open-source gaming scene, especially with regards to the creation of free first person shooters.[109] In addition, numerous game engine recreations have been produced to varying levels of accuracy using reverse engineering or underlying engine code supporting the original game files including on Linux and other niche systems.[110][111]

The company TransGaming marketed as a monthly subscription its own proprietary fork of Wine called WineX in October 2001, later renamed Cedega in 2004 and discontinued in 2011, which aimed for greater compatibility with Microsoft Windows games. CodeWeavers also offered an enhanced version of Wine called CrossOver Games.[112][113] The reliance on such compatibility layers remains controversial with concerns that it hinders growth in native development,[114][115] although this approach was defended based on Loki's demise.[116][117] PlayOnLinux, established in 2007, provides a community alternative,[118] with various guides being written on how to get games to run through Wine.[119] A special Gaming Edition of Mandrake Linux 8.1 was released that featured WineX packed in with The Sims.[120] The fact that the fork of Wine did not release source back to the main project was also a point of contention, despite promises to release code after achieving a set number of subscribers.[121]

2008–2011 edit

Number of sales of the first Humble Indie Bundle across systems[122]

  Windows (61.9%)
  Mac (21.6%)
  Linux (16.5%)

Proportional values of payments[122]

  Windows (52.1%)
  Mac (23.0%)
  Linux (24.9%)

The Linux gaming market also started to experience some growth towards the end of the decade with the rise of independent video game development,[123] with many "indie" developers favouring support for multiple platforms.[124] The Humble Indie Bundle initiatives inaugurated in 2010 helped to formally demonstrate this trend,[125] with Linux users representing a sizable population of their purchase base, as well as consistently being the most financially generous in terms of actual money spent.[126][127] The Humble Indie Bundle V in 2012 faced controversy for featuring a Wine-based release of Limbo prepared by CodeWeavers,[128] while a native version was later released in 2014.[129] Humble eventually began offering Windows-only games in their bundles and on their store.[130][131]

In 2009, the small indie game company Entourev LLC published Voltley to Linux which is the first commercial exclusive game for this operating system.[132][133] In the same year, LGP released Shadowgrounds which was the first commercial game for Linux using the Nvidia PhysX middleware.[134] The GamingOnLinux website was launched on July 4, 2009, and eventually succeeded LinuxGames as the main source of news and commentary.[135]

The release of a Linux version of Desura in 2011, a digital distribution platform with a primary focus on small independent developers, was heralded by several commentators as an important step to greater acknowledgement of Linux as a gaming platform.[123][136][137] Shortly before this, Canonical launched the Ubuntu Software Center which also sold digital games.[138] The digital store Gameolith also launched in 2011 focused principally on Linux before expanding in 2012 and closing in 2014.[139][140]

2012–2016 edit

 
Lutris, an open source launcher for various distribution platforms

In July 2012, game developer and content distributor Valve announced a port of their Source engine for Linux as well as stating their intention to release their Steam digital distribution service for Linux.[141][142][143] The potential availability of a Linux Steam client had already attracted other developers to consider porting their titles to Linux,[137][144][145][146] including previously Mac OS only porting houses such as Aspyr Media and Feral Interactive.[147]

In November 2012, Unity Technologies ported their Unity engine and game creation system to Linux starting with version 4. All of the games created with the Unity engine can now be ported to Linux easily.[148]

In September 2013 Valve announced that they were releasing a gaming oriented Linux based operating system called SteamOS with Valve saying they had "come to the conclusion that the environment best suited to delivering value to customers is an operating system built around Steam itself."[137][149] This was used for their Steam Machine platform released on November 10, 2015, and discontinued in 2018.[150]

In March 2014 GOG.com announced they would begin to support Linux titles on their DRM free store starting the same year, after previously stating they would not be able due to too many distributions.[151] GOG.com began their initial roll out on July 24, 2014, by offering 50 Linux supporting titles, including several new to the platform.[152]

Despite previous statements, GOG have confirmed they have no plans to port their Galaxy client to Linux.[153] The free software Lutris started in 2010,[154] GameHub from 2019,[155] MiniGalaxy from 2020,[156] and the Heroic Games Launcher from 2021,[157] offer support for GOG as well as the Epic Games Store, Ubisoft Connect and Origin.

In March and April 2014 two major developers Epic Games and Crytek announced Linux support for their next generation engines Unreal Engine 4 and CryEngine respectively.[158][159]

Towards the end of 2014 the game host itch.io announced that Linux would be supported with their developing open source game client.[160] This was fully launched simultaneously on Windows, Mac OS X and Linux on December 15, 2015.[161] The service had supported Linux since it was first unveiled on March 3, 2013, with creator Leaf Corcoran personally a Linux user.[162] The similar Game Jolt service also supports Linux and has an open source client released on January 13, 2016.[163][164] GamersGate also sells games for Linux.[165][166]

2017-present edit

 
Steam Deck, a handheld game console running Linux-based operating system

On August 22, 2018, Valve released their fork of Wine called Proton, aimed at gaming.[167] It features some improvements over the vanilla Wine such as Vulkan-based DirectX 11 implementation, Steam integration, better full screen and game controller support and improved performance for multi-threaded games.[168] It has since grown to include support for DirectX 9[169] and DirectX 12[170] over Vulkan. The itch.io app added its own Wine integration in June 2020,[171] while Lutris and PlayOnLinux are long-standing independent solutions for compatibility wrappers.[172][173]

As with Wine and Cedega in the past, concerns have been raised over whether Proton hinders native development more than it encourages use of the platform.[174][175] Prodeus dropped native support in favour of Proton shortly before final release[176] and Arcen Games cancelled planned native support for Heart of the Machine.[177] Valve has expressed no preference over Proton or native ports among developers.[178]

On February 25, 2022, Valve released Steam Deck, a handheld game console running SteamOS 3.0.[179][180] The deployment of Proton and other design decisions were based on the limited response to their previous Steam Machines.[181] Linux was also used as a base for several nostalgia consoles, including the Neo Geo X,[182] NES Classic Edition,[183] Super NES Classic Edition,[184] Sega Genesis Mini,[185] Intellivision Amico,[186] Lichee Pocket 4A,[187] and the Atari VCS.[188] It also powers the more general Polymega,[189] Anbernic RG351 and 5G552, as well as the Game Gadget,[190] Evercade, VS, EXP and Super Pocket retrogaming consoles by Blaze Entertainment.[191][192]

As of early 2023, the retro game store Zoom Platform was enhancing Linux support on their available titles.[193]

Market share edit

See also: Linux adoption § Desktop Linux adoption

The Steam Hardware Survey reports that as of January 2024, 2% of users are using some form of Linux as their platform's primary operating system.[194] The Unity game engine used to[195] make their statistics available and in March 2016 reported that Linux users accounted for 0.4% of players.[196] In 2010, in the first Humble Bundle sales, Linux accounted for 18% of purchases.[197]

Supported hardware edit

 
The Pandora was a Linux integrated game console from 2010.

Linux as a gaming platform can also refer to operating systems based on the Linux kernel and specifically designed for the sole purpose of gaming. Examples are SteamOS, which is an operating system for Steam Machines, Steam Deck and general computers, video game consoles built from components found in the classical home computer, (embedded) operating systems like Tizen and Pandora, and handheld game consoles like GP2X, and Neo Geo X. The Nvidia Shield runs Android as an operating system, which is based on a modified Linux kernel.[citation needed]

The open source design of the Linux software platform allows the operating system to be compatible with various computer instruction sets and many peripherals, such as game controllers and head-mounted displays. As an example, HTC Vive, which is a virtual reality head-mounted display, supports the Linux gaming platform.[citation needed]

Performance edit

In 2013, tests by Phoronix showed real-world performance of games on Linux with proprietary Nvidia and AMD drivers were mostly comparable to results on Windows 8.1.[198] Phoronix found similar results in 2015,[199] though Ars Technica described a 20% performance drop with Linux drivers.[200]

Software architecture edit

An operating system based on the Linux kernel and customized specifically for gaming, could adopt the vanilla Linux kernel with only little changes, or—like the Android operating system—be based on a relative extensively modified Linux kernel. It could adopt GNU C Library or Bionic or something like it. The entire middleware or parts of it, could very well be closed-source and proprietary software; the same is true for the video games. There are free and open-source video games available for the Linux operating system, as well as proprietary ones.[citation needed]

Linux kernel edit

The subsystems already mainlined and available in the Linux kernel are most probably performant enough so to not impede the gaming experience in any way,[citation needed] however additional software is available, such as e.g. the Brain Fuck Scheduler (a process scheduler) or the Budget Fair Queueing (BFQ) scheduler (an I/O scheduler).[201]

Similar to the way the Linux kernel can be, for example, adapted to run better on supercomputers, there are adaptations targeted at improving the performance of games. A project concerning itself with this issue is called Liquorix.[202][203]

Available software for video game designers edit

Game creation systems edit

Several game creation systems can be run on Linux, such as Game Editor, GDevelop, Construct and Stencyl, as well as beta versions of GameMaker.[204] A Linux version of Clickteam Fusion 3 was mentioned, but has yet to be released.[205] The Godot, Defold, and Solar2D game engines also supports creating games on Linux,[206] as do the commercial UnrealEd[207] and Unity Editor,[208][209] The visual programming environments Snap!, Scratch and Tynker are Linux compatible. Enterbrain's RPG Maker MV was released for Linux.[210] In addition, open-source, cross-platform clones of the RPG Maker series exist such as Open RPG Maker, MKXP and EasyRPG,[211] as well as the similar OHRRPGCE and Solarus.[212] The Adventure Game Studio editor is not yet ported to Linux, although games made in it are compatible, and the Wintermute and SLUDGE[213] adventure game engines are available. ZGameEditor,[214] Novashell,[215] GB Studio,[216] and the ZZT inspired MegaZeux[217] are also options. Versions of Mugen were made available for Linux,[218] and open-source re-implementations such as IKEMEN Go are compatible.[219] The JavaScript based Ct.js[220] Pixelbox.js,[221] and Superpowers[222] are also options.

Level editors edit

Various level editors exists for Linux, such as wxqoole, Gtkradiant, TrenchBroom[223][224] and J.A.C.K.[225] for the id Tech engines and related, Eureka,[226] SLADE[227] and ReDoomEd[228] for the Doom engine, and the general purpose tile map editors LLDtk,[229] Ogmo,[230] and Tiled.[231]

Debuggers edit

See also: GtkRadiant and AMD CodeXL

Several game development tools have been available for Linux, including GNU Debugger, LLDB, Valgrind, glslang and others. VOGL, a debugger for OpenGL was released on 12 March 2014.

Available interfaces and SDKs edit

There are multiple interfaces and Software Development Kits available for Linux, and almost all of them are cross-platform. Most are free and open-source software subject to the terms of the zlib License, making it possible to static link against them from fully closed-source proprietary software. One difficulty due to this abundance of interfaces, is the difficulty for programmers to choose the best suitable audio API for their purpose. The main developer of the PulseAudio project, Lennart Poettering, commented on this issue.[232] Physics engines, audio libraries, that are available as modules for game engines, have been available for Linux for a long time.[time needed][citation needed]

The book Programming Linux Games covers a couple of the available APIs suited for video game development for Linux, while The Linux Programming Interface covers the Linux kernel interfaces in much greater detail.

Library License in Language bindings Back-ends Description
Icon Name Official 3rd-party Linux Windows OS X Other
  Allegro zlib License C Yes Yes Yes Android, iOS
ClanLib zlib License C++ Python, Lua, Ruby Yes Yes — —
GLFW zlib License C — Ada, C#, Common Lisp, D, Go, Haskell, Java, Python, Rebol, Red, Ruby, Rust Yes Yes Yes a small C library to create and manage windows with OpenGL contexts, enumerate monitors and video modes, and handle input
Grapple LGPL-2.1+ C Yes Yes Yes free software package for adding multiplayer support
Nvidia GameWorks Proprietary Unknown WIP Yes — — As the result of their cooperation with Valve, Nvidia announced a Linux port of GameWorks.[233] As of June 2014, PhysX, and OptiX have been available for Linux for some time.
OpenPlay APSL C Yes Yes Yes — networking library authored by Apple Inc.
  Pygame LGPL-2.1 Python Yes Yes Yes build over SDL
RakNet 3-clause BSD C++ C++, C# — Yes Yes Yes PlayStation 3, iOS, ... game network engine for multi-player
  SDL zlib License C C C#, Pascal, Python, Gambas EGL, Xlib, GLX? GDI, Direct3D Quartz, Core OpenGL? PSP-stuff a low-level cross-platform abstraction layer
  SFML zlib License C++ C, D, Python, Ruby, OCaml, .Net, Go Yes Yes Yes
  wxWidgets LGPL-like C++ Yes Yes Yes

Available middleware edit

Beside majority of the software which acts as an interface to various subsystems of the operating system, there is also software which can be simply described as middleware. A multitude of companies exist worldwide, whose main or only product is software that is meant to be licensed and integrated into a game engine. Their primary target is the video game industry, but the film industry also utilizes such software for special effects. Some very few well known examples are

A significant share of the available middleware already runs natively on Linux, only a very few run exclusively on Linux.

Available IDEs and source code editors edit

Numerous source code editors and IDEs are available for Linux, among which are Visual Studio Code, Sublime Text, Code::Blocks, Qt Creator, Emacs, or Vim.

Multi-monitor edit

A multi-monitor setup is supported on Linux at least by AMD Eyefinity & AMD Catalyst, Xinerama and RandR on both X11 and Wayland. Serious Sam 3: BFE is one example of a game that runs natively on Linux and supports very high resolutions and is validated by AMD to support their Eyefinity.[234] Civilization V is another example, it even runs on a "Kaveri" desktop APU in 3x1 portrait mode.[235]

Voice over IP edit

The specifications of the Mumble protocol are freely available and there are BSD-licensed implementations for both servers and clients. The positional audio API of Mumble is supported by e.g. Cube 2: Sauerbraten.

Wine edit

 
PlayOnLinux helps make Wine gaming accessible.
Main article: Wine (software)

Wine is a compatibility layer that provides binary compatibility and makes it possible to run software, that was written and compiled for Microsoft Windows, on Linux. The Wine project hosts a user-submitted application database (known as Wine AppDB) that lists programs and games along with ratings and reviews which detail how well they run with Wine. Wine AppDB also has a commenting system, which often includes instructions on how to modify a system to run a certain game which cannot run on a normal or default configuration. Many games are rated as running flawlessly, and there are also many other games that can be run with varying degrees of success. The use of Wine for gaming has proved controversial in the Linux community as some feel it is preventing, or at least hindering, the further growth of native gaming on the platform.[236][237]

Emulators edit

 
ScummVM has enabled numerous games to be run on Linux both commercially and by hobbyists.

There are numerous emulators for Linux. There are also APIs, virtual machines, and machine emulators that provide binary compatibility:

Linux homebrew on consoles edit

Main article: Homebrew (video games)

Linux has been ported to several game consoles, including the Xbox, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4,[238] GameCube,[239] and Wii which allows game developers without an expensive game development kit to access console hardware. Several gaming peripherals also work with Linux.[240][241]

Linux adoption edit

Adoption by game engines edit

 
The game engine is important for players and developers alike. The development-kit is built around it, game editors use it to build levels. Tools such as Blender or 3ds Max are employed to create the geometry of object and/or animations of those. Game data has reached enormous amounts. While game engines are sometimes released under some free software license, instead or additionally to licensing them, the game data is usually not.
See also: List of game engines and List of game engine recreations

The game engine is the software solely responsible for the game mechanics, or rules defining game play. There are different game engines for first-person shooters, strategy video games, etc. Besides the game mechanics, software is also needed to handle graphics, audio, physics, input handling, and networking.

Game engines that have been used by a number of video games and run on top of Linux include:

Adoption by video games edit

Main article: List of Linux games

There are many free and open-source video games as well as commercially distributed proprietary video games that run natively on Linux. Some independent companies have also begun porting prominent video games from Microsoft Windows to Linux.

Free and open-source games edit

Main articles: Open-source video game, List of open-source video games, and List of commercial video games with available source code
Original games edit
 
Vega Strike, a space flight simulation

A few original open source video games have attained notability:

Clones and remakes edit
 
Frozen Bubble, a popular adaptation of the game Puzzle Bobble

There are a larger number of open source clones and remakes of classic games:

Proprietary games edit

Available on Steam edit
 
Steam is the leading distributor of games for Linux.

Valve officially released Steam for Linux on February 14, 2013. As of June 2020 the number of Linux-compatible games on Steam exceeds 6,500.[248] With the launch of SteamOS, a distribution of Linux made by Valve intended to be used for HTPC gaming, that number is quickly growing. Listed below are some notable games available on Steam for Linux:

 
Half-Life 2, a launch title for Steam, was ported to Linux for the service's expansion in 2013.
 
The Stanley Parable was ported to Linux following Valve's release of the Source Engine for Linux.

Independent game developers edit

Main article: Independent video game development
 
Terry Cavanagh's VVVVVV was ported to Linux for the Humble Indie Bundle #3 in 2011.

Independent developer 2D Boy released World of Goo for Linux. Role-playing video game titles like Eschalon: Book I, Eschalon: Book II and Penny Arcade Adventures: On the Rain-Slick Precipice of Darkness were developed cross-platform from the start of development, including a Linux version. Sillysoft released Linux versions of their game Lux and its various versions, as did My Game Company and its Dirk Dashing series.[249] Donohoe Digital released War! Age of Imperialism and DD Poker for Linux.[250] Devolver Digital has released a number of indie games for Linux, including Hotline Miami, Hatoful Boyfriend, Minit, Ruiner, Reigns, OlliOlli, Carrion and Broforce. Vlambeer has released Luftrausers and Nuclear Throne. Supergiant Games has released Bastion, Transistor, and Pyre.

Hemisphere Games has released a Linux version of Osmos. Koonsolo has released a Linux version of Mystic Mine. Amanita Design released Linux versions of Machinarium and Samorost 2. Irrgheist released a Linux version of their futuristic racing game H-Craft Championship before later releasing the source code. Gamerizon released a Linux version of QuantZ. InterAction Studios ported several titles mostly in the Chicken Invaders series. GridWars was released for Linux by Canadian developer Marco Inciti.

Young Horses released Octodad: Dadliest Catch, Studio Pixel released Cave Story, Number None released Braid, Subset Studios released FTL: Faster Than Light, The Indie Stone released Project Zomboid, Vblank Entertainment released Retro City Rampage, Bit Kid released Chasm, Rocketcat Games released Death Road to Canada, Ape Marina released Tales, HuniePot released HuniePop, Toby Fox has released Undertale, ConcernedApe has released Stardew Valley, Skookum Arts released The Pedestrian, and Data Realms released Cortex Command. Yacht Club Games has released Shovel Knight and Mina the Hollower. Drinkbox Studios released Tales from Space: Mutant Blobs Attack and Guacamelee!. Edmund McMillen has released Super Meat Boy, The Binding of Isaac, and The End is Nigh.

Kristanix Games released Linux versions of Crossword Twist, Fantastic Farm, Guess The Phrase!, Jewel Twist, Kakuro Epic, Mahjong Epic, Maxi Dice, Solitaire Epic, Sudoku Epic, and Theseus and the Minotaur. Anawiki Games released Linux versions of Path of Magic, Runes of Avalon, Runes of Avalon 2, Soccer Cup Solitaire, The Perfect Tree and Dress-Up Pups. Gaslamp Games released a Linux version of Dungeons of Dredmor. Broken Rules released a Linux version of And Yet It Moves. Klei Entertainment have released Shank, Mark of the Ninja, Don't Starve and more. Tomorrow Corporation has released Little Inferno, Human Resource Machine and 7 Billion Humans. Alientrap released Nexuiz, Capsized, Apotheon, and Cryptark. Freebird Games has released To the Moon, A Bird Story, Finding Paradise and Impostor Factory. 17-Bit released Skulls of the Shogun and Galak-Z: The Dimensional.

Frictional Games released Linux versions of both Penumbra: Black Plague and Penumbra: Overture, as well as the expansion pack Penumbra: Requiem. They also released Amnesia: The Dark Descent for Linux simultaneously with the Windows and Mac OS X versions, a practice they continued through to Amnesia: Rebirth (2020). S2 Games released Linux clients for their titles Savage: The Battle for Newerth, Savage 2: A Tortured Soul and Heroes of Newerth. Wolfire Games released a Linux version of their game Lugaru and supported its sequel Overgrowth on Linux; David Rosen's earlier Black Shades was also ported to Linux via released source code. Arctic Paint released a Linux version of Number Drill. Charlie's Games has released a Linux version of Bullet Candy Perfect, Irukandji, Space Phallus and Scoregasm. Spiderweb Software has released Blades of Exile and Avadon: The Black Fortress for Linux.

 
Darwinia was released for Linux by Introversion Software in 2005.

Illwinter Game Design released Conquest of Elysium II, Dominions: Priests, Prophets and Pretenders, Dominions II: The Ascension Wars, and Dominions 3: The Awakening for Linux. Introversion Software released Darwinia, Uplink, and DEFCON. Cartesian Theatre is a Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, based software house specializing in free, commercial, games for Linux, most notably Avaneya. Kot-in-Action Creative Artel released their Steel Storm games for Linux. Hazardous Software have released their game Achron for Linux. Harebrained Schemes has released Shadowrun Returns, Shadowrun: Dragonfall, Shadowrun: Hong Kong, and BattleTech.

UNIGINE Company developed Oil Rush using its Unigine engine technology that works on Linux. Unigine Corp was also developing a "shooter-type game" that would have been released for Linux, but development was later frozen while OilRush developed.[251] The MMORPG game Syndicates of Arkon was also supposed to come to Linux.[252] The game Dilogus: The Winds of War was also being developed with Unigine and was planned to have a Linux client.[253] Cradle was released for Linux in 2015, as was Sumoman in 2017.

 
Visual novels based on Ren'Py have forged a niche on Linux.

A number of visual novel developers support Linux. Winter Wolves released titles such as Spirited Heart, Heileen, The Flower Shop, Bionic Heart, Card Sweethearts, Vera Blanc, Planet Stronghold, and Loren The Amazon Princess for Linux.[254][255] Hanako Games released Science Girls, Summer Session, Date Warp, Cute Knight Kingdom, and were considering porting Fatal Hearts to Linux.[256][257] sakevisual brought Jisei, Kansei, Yousei, RE: Alistair and Ripples to Linux.[258] Four Leaf Studios also released Katawa Shoujo for Linux[259] and Christine Love released Digital: A Love Story, both of which, along with Summer Session mentioned previously, are powered by the free software Ren'Py game engine.

The Java-based sandbox game Minecraft by then indie developer Mojang is available on Linux, as are any other video games compiled for the Java virtual machine. Linux support was maintained even following Mojang's purchase by Microsoft in November 2014.

Dwarf Fortress, a sandbox management simulator / roguelike, has been made available for Linux by Tarn Adams. [260]

The voxel-based space sandbox game, ScrumbleShip by indie developer Dirkson was under development for Linux, Mac OS X, and Windows.[citation needed]

The realistic replay baseball simulation Out of the Park Baseball by OOTP Developments was made available for Linux, Mac OS X, and Windows, for single player and multiplayer online leagues.[citation needed]

Grappling Hook, a first-shooter like puzzle game using the jMonkeyEngine, was released by Christian Teister.[citation needed] David Pittman released his game Eldritch for Linux. Big Robot released Sir, You Are Being Hunted and The Signal From Tölva. Superhot Team released Superhot. New Blood Interactive has released Dusk and Ultrakill for Linux. Sorath released Devil Daggers, Free Lives released the prototype of Anger Foot, and Samurai Punk released Screencheat. Pine Studio released SEUM: Speedrunners from Hell and Quicktequila released Lovely Planet. Milkstone Studios has released the first-person shooter roguelike Ziggurat for Linux, while Crema released Immortal Redneck,[261] Terrible Posture Games released Tower of Guns, Terri Vellmann released Heavy Bullets, Pixel Titans released Strafe, and Code Avarice released Paranautical Activity. Magellanic Games has released Office Point Rescue[262] and Affliction Rescue[263] based on the Godot engine.

Pillow Castle Games released Superliminal, Gone North Games released A Story About My Uncle, and Manekoware with Fire Hose Games released Catlateral Damage. Incandescent Imaging released Caffeine, Bloober Team released Layers of Fear, Red Barrels released Outlast, Saibot Studios released Doorways,[264] Camel 101 and Bigmoon Entertainment released Syndrome, Adam Pype released No Players Online, Arbitrary Metric released Paratopic, Mystman12 released Baldi's Basics in Education and Learning, and Kindly Beast released Bendy and the Ink Machine.

The German indie-studio Pixel Maniacs released both of their games, ChromaGun and Can't Drive This for Linux.[citation needed]

In the walking simulator space, Dan Ruscoe's Dark Hill Museum of Death is available for Linux, as well as the better known Gone Home, The Stanley Parable, Jazzpunk, Firewatch and Proteus. Blendo Games has released their games, including Gravity Bone, Thirty Flights of Loving and Quadrilateral Cowboy built on the open source id Tech code, for Linux.[citation needed]

Game porters edit

Main article: Video game porting
 
Ryan C. Gordon ported Aquaria to Linux in 2009.

Independent companies have also taken on the task of porting prominent Windows games to Linux. Loki Software was the first such company, and between 1998 and 2002 ported Civilization: Call to Power, Descent³, Eric's Ultimate Solitaire, Heavy Gear II, Heavy Metal: F.A.K.K.², Heretic II, Heroes of Might and Magic III, Kohan: Immortal Sovereigns, Myth II: Soulblighter, Postal, Railroad Tycoon II, Quake III Arena, Rune, Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri, Sim City 3000, Soldier of Fortune, Tribes 2, and MindRover to Linux.

Tribsoft created a Linux version of Jagged Alliance 2 by Sir-Tech Canada before shutting down in 2002. Linux Game Publishing was founded in 2001 in response to the impending demise of Loki, and has brought Creatures: Internet Edition, Candy Cruncher, Majesty: Gold Edition, NingPo MahJong, Hyperspace Delivery Boy!, Software Tycoon, Postal²: Share The Pain, Soul Ride, X2: The Threat, Gorky 17, Cold War, Knights and Merchants: The Shattered Kingdom, Ballistics, X3: Reunion, Jets'n'Guns, Sacred: Gold, Shadowgrounds, and Shadowgrounds Survivor to Linux. Some of these games were ported for them by Gordon.

 
LGP ported Ballistics to Linux in 2007.

LGP-associated but freelance consultant Frank C. Earl is porting the game Caster to Linux and has released the first episode and also developed the Linux version of Cortex Command being included in the second Humble Indie Bundle. He is also working towards other porting projects such as the entire Myth series. He is largely taking recommendations and he comments as part of the Phoronix community. icculus.org has ported beta releases for Medal of Honor: Allied Assault and Devastation, versions of America's Army, and the titles Prey, Aquaria, Braid, Hammerfight and Cogs.

 
Trine was ported to Linux by Alternative Games in 2011.

The German publisher RuneSoft was founded in 2000. They ported the games Northland, Robin Hood: The Legend of Sherwood, Airline Tycoon Deluxe, Ankh, Ankh: Heart of Osiris, Barkanoid 2, and Jack Keane to Linux, as well as porting Knights and Merchants: The Shattered Kingdom and Software Tycoon, for Linux Game Publishing. Hyperion Entertainment ported games to several systems, they have ported Shogo: Mobile Armor Division and SiN to Linux, as well as porting Gorky 17 for Linux Game Publishing. Wyrmkeep Entertainment has brought the games The Labyrinth of Time and Inherit the Earth: Quest for the Orb to Linux. Alternative Games brought Trine and Shadowgrounds, and Shadowgrounds Survivor for Linux Game Publishing.

Aspyr Media released their first Linux port in June 2014,[265] they claim they are porting to Linux due to Valve bringing out SteamOS.[266] Aspyr Media later ported Borderlands 2 to Linux[267] in September 2014.

Having ported games to the Macintosh since 1996, video game publisher Feral Interactive released XCOM: Enemy Unknown, its first game for Linux, in June 2014. Feral Interactive stated they port games to Linux thanks to SteamOS.[268]

Other developers edit

 
GarageGames released several games for Linux in the 2000s before open sourcing their Torque engine in 2012.
 
Abuse was one of the first commercial games for Linux.

Some id Software employees ported the Doom series, the Quake series, Return to Castle Wolfenstein, Wolfenstein: Enemy Territory and Enemy Territory: Quake Wars. Some games published by GarageGames which have Linux versions include Bridge Builder, Marble Blast Gold, Gish, Tribal Trouble, and Dark Horizons: Lore Invasion.

MP Entertainment released Hopkins FBI and Crack dot com released Abuse for Linux, becoming one of the first developers to release a native port. Inner Worlds, another early commercial Linux title, was released for and developed on Linux. Philos Laboratories released a Linux version of Theocracy on the retail disk. Absolutist has supported Linux for a number of years.[269] GLAMUS GmbH released a Linux version of their game Mobility. Vicarious Visions ported the space-flight game Terminus to Linux. Oliver Hamann released the driving game Odyssey by Car in 2001.[270] Futureware 2001 released a trading simulation Würstelstand in 1999.

Mountain King Studios released a port of Raptor: Call of the Shadows. BlackHoleSun Software released Krilo, Bunnies and Aftermath, and worked on Atlantis: The Underwater City - Interactive Storybook.[271] RedLynx released the freeware Phobia III - Edge Of Humanity for Linux.[272] Revolution Software released source code to Lure of the Temptress and Beneath a Steel Sky to facilitate compatibility with ScummVM, which later also grew to support Broken Sword: The Shadow of the Templars, Broken Sword II: The Smoking Mirror and Broken Sword 2.5: The Return of the Templars, with Revolution later also releasing native ports of the sequels Beyond a Steel Sky and Broken Sword 5: The Serpent's Curse.

 
Four out of five Unreal Tournament games were released for Linux.

Lava Lord Games released their game Astro Battle for Linux. Xatrix Entertainment released a Linux version of Kingpin: Life of Crime. BioWare released Neverwinter Nights for Linux. Croteam released the Serious Sam series, with the first game ported by Gordon and with the second self-ported. Gordon also ported Epic Games' shooter games Unreal Tournament 2003 and Unreal Tournament 2004.

The Project Aon effort to digitize and distribute Joe Dever's Lone Wolf gamebooks distributed archives in the tar.gz format popular among Linux users,[273] and later player aid programs such as Seventh Sense have supported Linux directly.[274]

Revolution System Games released their game Decadence: Home Sweet Home through Steam only for Linux for a period of time after Mac or Windows release.[275]

On 12 October 2013 Lars Gustavsson, creative director at DICE, said to polygon.com[276]

We strongly want to get into Linux for a reason," Gustavsson said. "It took Halo for the first Xbox to kick off and go crazy — usually, it takes one killer app or game and then people are more than willing [to adopt it] — it is not hard to get your hands on Linux, for example, it only takes one game that motivates you to go there.

Commercial games for non-x86 instruction sets edit

 
Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri was released for numerous architectures.

Some companies ported games to Linux running on instruction sets other than x86, such as Alpha, PowerPC, Sparc, MIPS or ARM.

Loki Entertainment Software ported Civilization: Call to Power, Eric's Ultimate Solitaire, Heroes of Might and Magic III, Myth II: Soulblighter, Railroad Tycoon II Gold Edition and Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri with Alien Crossfire expansion pack to Linux PowerPC.[277] They also ported Civilization: Call to Power, Eric's Ultimate Solitaire, Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri with Alien Crossfire expansion pack to Linux Alpha and Civilization: Call to Power, Eric's Ultimate Solitaire to Linux SPARC.

Linux Game Publishing published Candy Cruncher, Majesty Gold, NingPo MahJong and Soul Ride to Linux PowerPC. They also ported Candy Cruncher, Soul Ride to Linux SPARC and Soul Ride to Linux Alpha.[278][279]

Illwinter Game Design ported Dominions: Priests, Prophets and Pretenders, Dominions II: The Ascension Wars and Dominions 3 to Linux PowerPC, as well as Conquest of Elysium 3, Dominions 4: Thrones of Ascension to Raspberry Pi.[280]

Hyperion Entertainment ported Sin to Linux PowerPC published by Titan Computer and Gorky 17 to Linux PowerPC which later was published by LGP.

Runesoft hired Gunnar von Boehn which ported Robin Hood – The Legend of Sherwood to Linux PowerPC. Later Runesoft ported Airline Tycoon Deluxe to Raspberry Pi was running Debian GNU/Linux.[citation needed]

Source ports edit

Main article: Source port
 
Micropolis, an open source port of SimCity

Several developers have released the source code to many of their legacy titles, allowing them to be run as native applications on many alternative platforms, including Linux. Examples of games which were ported to Linux this way include Duke Nukem 3D, Shadow Warrior, Rise of the Triad, Blake Stone, Ken's Labyrinth, Catacomb 3D, Seven Kingdoms, Arx Fatalis, Warzone 2100, Homeworld, Call to Power II, Wolfenstein 3D, Heretic, Hexen, Hexen II, Aliens versus Predator, Descent, Descent II and Freespace 2.[108] Several game titles that were previously released for Linux were also able to be expanded or updated because of the availability of game code, including Doom, Abuse, Quake, Quake II, Quake III Arena and Jagged Alliance 2. Some derivatives based on released source code have also been released for Linux, such as Aleph One and Micropolis for Marathon 2: Durandal and SimCity respectively.

Certain game titles were even able to be ported due to availability of shared engine code even though the game's code itself remains proprietary or otherwise unavailable, such as the video games Strife, Blood, PowerSlave, Redneck Rampage,[281] or the multiplayer component of Star Trek: Voyager – Elite Force.[282] Some games have even been ported entirely or partially by reverse engineering and game engine recreation such as WarCraft II through Wargus or Commander Keen through Commander Genius.[111] Another trick is to attempt hacking the game to work as a mod on another native title, such as with the original Unreal.[283] Additionally, some games can be run through the use of Linux specific runtime environments, such as the case of certain games made with Adventure Game Studio such as the Chzo Mythos[284] or certain titles made with the RPG Maker tool. Games derived from released code, with both free and proprietary media, that are released for Linux include Urban Terror, OpenArena, Freedoom, Blasphemer, World of Padman, Nexuiz/Xonotic, War§ow, The Dark Mod, and Excalibur: Morgana's Revenge.[285]

Massively multiplayer online role-playing games edit

 
WorldForge is a free software MMORPG that runs on Linux.
See also: List of MMORPGs

This is a selected list of MMORPGs that are native on Linux:

Types of Linux gaming edit

Linux gaming can be divided into a number of sub-categories.[286][287][288]

Libre gaming edit

Libre gaming is a form of Linux gaming that emphasizes libre software, which often includes levels and assets as well as code.[289][self-published source?][290]

Native gaming edit

Native gaming is a form of Linux gaming that emphasizes using only native games or ports and not using emulators or compatibility layers.[236][115][291][292]

DRM-free gaming edit

DRM-free gaming is a form of Linux gaming that emphasizes boycotting DRM technologies. This can include buying games from GOG.com, certain Humble Bundles or itch.io and avoiding Steam and similar services.[293][294]

Terminal gaming edit

Terminal gaming is the playing of text-based games from within a console,[295] often programmed within Bash or using libraries such as ncurses.[296][297]

Retro gaming edit

Retrogaming is the playing of older games[298] using emulators such as MAME or Dosbox,[299] compatibility layers such as Wine and Proton,[300] engine reimplementations and source ports,[301] or even older Linux distributions (including live CDs and live USB, or virtual machines),[302] original binaries,[303] and period hardware.[304]

Live gaming edit

A number of games can be played from live distributions such as Knoppix, allowing easy access for users unwilling to fully commit to Linux.[305] Certain live distros have specially targeted gamers, such as SuperGamer and Linux-Gamers.[306][307]

Browser gaming edit

Browser gaming is the act of playing online games through a web browser,[308] which has the advantage of largely being platform independent.[309][310] The same largely applies to social network games hosted on social media sites.[311] Older games were largely based on Adobe Flash,[312] while modern ones are mostly HTML5.[313]

Cloud gaming edit

Cloud gaming is the streaming of games from a central server onto a desktop client.[314] This is another way to play games on Linux that are not natively supported,[315][316] although some cloud services, such as the erstwhile Google Stadia,[317][318] are hosted on Linux[319][320] and Android servers.[321] GamingAnywhere is an open source implementation.[322]

On Windows edit

Although less exploited than the reverse,[323] as few programs are Linux exclusive,[324] support does exist for running Linux binaries from Windows.[325][326] The Windows Subsystem for Linux allows the running of both command line[327][328] and graphical Linux applications[329][self-published source?][330] from Windows 10 and Windows 11.[331] An earlier implementation is Cygwin,[332] started by Cygnus Solutions and later maintained by Red Hat,[333] although it has limited hardware access[334] and required adaptation.[335] The use of Wine can even allow for the running of Windows games on Linux from Windows.[citation needed] The LibTAS library for tool assisted speedruns currently recommends WSL to run on Windows.[336] Naughty Dog meanwhile have used Cygwin to run old command-line tools for use in their game development,[337] which is a broader use for the platform.[338] As with running Windows applications on Linux, there is controversy over whether running Linux applications on Windows will dilute interest in Linux as distinct platform,[339] though it has speciality uses.[340]

Android gaming edit

Originally derived from Linux, the Android mobile operating system has a distinct and popular gaming ecosystem.[341] It has also been used as the base for several game consoles, such as the Nvidia Shield Portable and the Ouya.[342] Popular games include Pokemon Go, Genshin Impact, League of Legends: Wild Rift, Dead Cells and Call of Duty: Mobile.[343] Certain games, such as Minecraft, Stardew Valley, and Papers Please, are available for both Android and desktop Linux.[344]

ChromeOS gaming edit

ChromeOS is another Linux derived operating system by Google for its Chromebooks,[345] and it too has a dedicated gaming ecosystem.[346][347] Partly owing to a lack of high end graphics hardware,[348][349] it is especially oriented towards cloud gaming[350] via services like GeForce Now and Xbox Cloud Gaming,[351][352] with models featuring Nvidia GPUs ultimately being cancelled.[353] Numerous games for Android have also been made compatible with ChromeOS,[354][355] as well as a standard Linux games,[356][357][358] Windows games via Wine or Proton,[359][360][361] and with browser games also being popular.[362] A version of Steam has been in development for ChromeOS,[363] with third party launchers also available such as the Heroic Games Launcher for the Epic Games Store.[364] Popular titles include Among Us, Genshin Impact, Alto's Odyssey, Roblox, and Fortnite.[365][366][367][368] Skepticism remains for using ChromeOS and Chromebooks as gaming machines.[369][370][371]

BSD gaming edit

Owing to a common Unix-like heritage and free software ethos, many games for Linux are also ported to BSD variants[372] or can be run using compatibility layers such as Linuxulator.[373] BSDi had partnered with Loki Software to ensure its Linux ports ran on FreeBSD.[374] The Mizutamari launcher exists to facilitate running Windows games through Wine,[375] which can still be used standalone.[376] A 2011 benchmark by Phoronix even found certain speed advantages over running games on Linux itself, comparing PC-BSD 8.2 to Ubuntu 11.04.[377] Most BSD systems come with the same pack in desktop games as Linux.[378] The permissive licensing of BSD has also lead to its inclusion in the system software of several game consoles, such as the Sony PlayStation line[379][380] and the Nintendo Switch.[381]

Unix gaming edit

See also: Mac gaming

A further niche exists for running games, either through ports or lxrun,[382] on Solaris[383] and derivatives such as OpenIndiana,[384] Darwin distributions such as PureDarwin,[385] HarmonyOS[386] and OpenHarmony,[387] Coherent,[388] SerenityOS,[389][390] Redox OS,[391][392] ToaruOS,[393] Xv6,[394] Fiwix,[395] or on Minix[396] and Hurd based systems.[397] There has been some cross-pollination with purely proprietary Unix derivatives,[398] such as AIX,[399] QNX,[400] Domain/OS,[401] HP-UX,[402] IRIX (see here),[403][404] Xenix,[405] SCO Unix,[406] Unixware,[407] Tru64 UNIX,[408][409] LynxOS (which features inbuilt Linux compatibility[410]), Ultrix,[411] OpenVMS,[412][413] z/OS UNIX System Services,[414][415][self-published source?] and even A/UX.[416] The games Doom and Quake were developed by id Software on NeXTStep,[417] a forerunner of modern macOS,[418] before being ported to DOS and back to numerous other Unix variants.[419] This involved reaching out to numerous Unix vendors to supply machines to use in the build and testing process.[420]

See also edit

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video, games, linux, this, article, contain, excessive, inappropriate, references, self, published, sources, please, help, improve, removing, references, unreliable, sources, where, they, used, inappropriately, 2023, learn, when, remove, this, message, linux, . This article may contain excessive or inappropriate references to self published sources Please help improve it by removing references to unreliable sources where they are used inappropriately May 2023 Learn how and when to remove this message Linux based operating systems can be used for playing video games Because many games are not natively supported for the Linux kernel various software has been made to run Windows games such as Wine Cedega and Proton and managers such as Lutris and PlayOnLinux The Linux gaming community has a presence on the internet with users who attempt to run games that are not officially supported on Linux Contents 1 History 1 1 1994 1997 1 2 1998 2002 1 3 2003 2007 1 4 2008 2011 1 5 2012 2016 1 6 2017 present 2 Market share 3 Supported hardware 3 1 Performance 4 Software architecture 4 1 Linux kernel 4 2 Available software for video game designers 4 2 1 Game creation systems 4 2 2 Level editors 4 2 3 Debuggers 4 2 4 Available interfaces and SDKs 4 2 5 Available middleware 4 2 6 Available IDEs and source code editors 4 3 Multi monitor 4 4 Voice over IP 4 5 Wine 4 6 Emulators 4 7 Linux homebrew on consoles 5 Linux adoption 5 1 Adoption by game engines 5 2 Adoption by video games 5 2 1 Free and open source games 5 2 1 1 Original games 5 2 1 2 Clones and remakes 5 2 2 Proprietary games 5 2 2 1 Available on Steam 5 2 3 Independent game developers 5 2 4 Game porters 5 2 5 Other developers 5 2 6 Commercial games for non x86 instruction sets 5 2 7 Source ports 5 2 8 Massively multiplayer online role playing games 6 Types of Linux gaming 6 1 Libre gaming 6 2 Native gaming 6 3 DRM free gaming 6 4 Terminal gaming 6 5 Retro gaming 6 6 Live gaming 6 7 Browser gaming 6 8 Cloud gaming 6 9 On Windows 6 10 Android gaming 6 11 ChromeOS gaming 6 12 BSD gaming 6 13 Unix gaming 7 See also 8 ReferencesHistory editSee also Open source video game History nbsp NetHack a primordial Unix game Linux gaming started largely as an extension of the already present Unix gaming scene 1 which dates back to that system s conception in 1969 with the game Space Travel 2 3 self published source and the first edition in 1971 4 with both systems sharing many similar titles 5 self published source These games were mostly either arcade and parlour type games or text adventures using libraries like curses 6 7 A notable example of this are the BSD Games a collection of interactive fiction and other text mode amusements 8 9 The free software philosophy and open source methodology which drove the development of the operating system in general also spawned the creation of various early free games 10 11 Popular early titles included Netrek and the various XAsteroids XBattle XBill XBoing X Bomber XConq XDigger XEmeraldia XEvil XGalaga XGammon XLander XLife XMahjong XMine XSoldier XPilot XRobots XRubiks XShogi XScavenger XTris XTron XTic and XTux games using the X Window System 12 13 Other games targeted or also supported the SVGAlib library allowing them to run without a windowing system 14 such as LinCity Maelstrom Sasteroids 15 and SABRE 16 The General Graphics Interface was also utilized 17 for games like U R B A N The Cyborg Project 18 and Dave Gnukem 19 ported from MS DOS As the operating system itself grew and expanded the amount of free and open source games also increased in scale and complexity with both clones of historically popular releases beginning with BZFlag LinCity and FreeCiv 20 as well as original creations such as Rocks n Diamonds Cube The Battle for Wesnoth and Tux Racer 21 1994 1997 edit nbsp Doom was one of the first major commercial games to be released for Linux The beginning of Linux as a gaming platform for commercial video games is widely credited to have begun in 1994 when Dave D Taylor ported the game Doom to Linux as well as many other systems during his spare time 22 23 Shareware copies of the game were included on various Linux discs 24 including those packed in with reference books 25 26 27 From there Taylor would also help found the development studio Crack dot Com which released the video game Abuse 28 with the game s Linux port even being distributed by Linux vendors Red Hat 29 and Caldera 30 The studio s never finished Golgotha was also slated to be released by Red Hat in box 31 Ancient Domains of Mystery was also released for Linux in 1994 by Thomas Biskup building on the roguelike legacy of games such as Moria and its descendent Angband but more specifically Hack and NetHack id Software the original developers of Doom also continued to release their products for Linux Their game Quake was ported to Linux via X11 in 1996 once again by Dave D Taylor working in his free time 32 33 An SVGALib version was also later produced by Greg Alexander in 1997 using recently leaked source code but was later mainlined by id 34 Later id products continued to be ported by Zoid Kirsch 35 and Timothee Besset 36 a practice that continued until the studio s acquisition by ZeniMax Media in 2009 37 The ports of Quake and Quake II were released physically by Macmillan Computer Publishing USA 38 while Quake III was released for Linux by Loki Software 39 Red Hat had previously passed on publishing Quake for Linux since it was not open source at the time 40 In 1991 DUX Software contracted Don Hopkins to port SimCity to Unix 41 which he later ported to Linux and eventually released as open source for the OLPC XO Laptop 42 Other early commercial Linux games included Hopkins FBI an adventure game released in 1998 by MP Entertainment 43 and Inner Worlds in 1996 which was released for and developed on Linux 44 In 1998 two programmers from Origin ported Ultima Online to Linux 45 The UNIX Book of Games a 1996 publication by Janice Winsor described various games with an accompanying CD ROM containing executables and source code for Linux and SCO Unix 46 A website called The Linux Game Tome also known as HappyPenguin after its URL was begun by Tessa Lau in 1995 to catalogue games created for or ported to Linux from the SunSITE game directories as well as other classic X11 games for a collection of just over 100 titles 47 It was taken over by Bob Zimbinski in 1998 eventually growing to over 2000 entries sponsored by retailer Penguin Computing and later LGP until it went down in 2013 although mirrors still exist 48 49 1998 2002 edit nbsp The Simple DirectMedia Layer provided platform independent abstraction The site LinuxGames covered news and commentary from November 1998 until its host Atomicgamer went down in 2015 50 51 It was established by Marvin Malkowski head of the Telefragged gaming network alongside Al Koskelin and Dustin Reyes 52 Reyes passed away August 8 2023 53 On November 9 1998 a new software firm called Loki Software was founded by Scott Draeker a former lawyer who became interested in porting games to Linux after being introduced to the system through his work as a software licensing attorney 54 Loki although a commercial failure is credited with the birth of the modern Linux game industry 55 Loki developed several free software tools such as the Loki installer also known as Loki Setup 56 and supported the development of the Simple DirectMedia Layer 57 as well as starting the OpenAL audio library project 58 59 These are still often credited as being the cornerstones of Linux game development 60 They were also responsible for bringing nineteen high profile games to the platform before its closure in 2002 Loki s initial success also attracted other firms to invest in the Linux gaming market such as Tribsoft Hyperion Entertainment Macmillan Digital Publishing USA Titan Computer Xatrix Entertainment Philos Laboratories and Vicarious Visions 61 During this time Michael Simms founded Tux Games one of the first online Linux game retailers 62 later followed by Fun 4 Tux 63 Wupra 64 ixsoft and LinuxPusher 65 The Indrema Entertainment System also known as the L600 was also in development since 1999 as a Linux based game console and digital media player 66 67 68 but production halted in 2001 due to a lack of investment 69 70 although the TuxBox project attempted a continuation 71 The period also saw a number of commercial compilations released 72 such as 100 Great Linux Games by Global Star Software 73 Linux Games by Walnut Creek CDROM 74 75 Linux Games by Pacific Hitech 76 77 Linux Cubed Series 8 LINUX Games by Omeron Systems 78 Best Linux Games by SOT Finnish Software Engineering 79 80 81 LinuxCenter Games Collection 82 Linux Games amp Entertainment for X Windows by Hemming 83 84 Linux Spiele amp Games by more software 85 Linux Spiele by Franzis Verlag 86 and play it Linux Die Spielesammlung by S A D Software 87 Numerous Linux distributions and collections packed in Loki games and demos 88 including Red Hat Linux 89 Corel Linux and WordPerfect Office 90 91 and the complete Eric s Ultimate Solitaire bundled with PowerPlant by TheKompany 92 The release of ScummVM in 2001 93 Dosbox in 2002 94 as well as video game console emulators like MAME from 1997 and released as open source in 2016 helped make Linux a viable platform for retro gaming facilitated by the RetroArch frontend since 2010 95 96 This is especially the case for the GP2X series of handheld game consoles by GamePark Holdings in addition to the community driven Pandora and DragonBox Pyra Dedicated emulation setups are also built on single board computers like the Raspberry Pi released in 2012 which are most often Linux based including with Raspberry Pi OS 97 Wine is also useful for running older Windows games 98 including 16 bit and even some 32 bit applications that no longer work on modern 64 bit Windows 99 The Sharp Zaurus personal data assistants adopted a Linux derived system called OpenZaurus which attracted its own gaming scene 100 101 This was also the case with the Agenda VR3 advertised as the first pure Linux PDA 102 103 2003 2007 edit nbsp Former Loki Software employee Ryan C Gordon After Loki s closure the Linux game market experienced some changes 104 Although some new firms such as Linux Game Publishing and RuneSoft would largely continue the role of a standard porting house 105 the focus began to change with Linux game proponents encouraging game developers to port their game products themselves or through individual contractors 106 Influential to this was Ryan C Gordon a former Loki employee who would over the next decade port several game titles to multiple platforms including Linux 107 Around this time many companies starting with id Software also began to release legacy source code leading to a proliferation of source ports of older games to Linux and other systems 108 This also helped expand the already existing free and open source gaming scene especially with regards to the creation of free first person shooters 109 In addition numerous game engine recreations have been produced to varying levels of accuracy using reverse engineering or underlying engine code supporting the original game files including on Linux and other niche systems 110 111 The company TransGaming marketed as a monthly subscription its own proprietary fork of Wine called WineX in October 2001 later renamed Cedega in 2004 and discontinued in 2011 which aimed for greater compatibility with Microsoft Windows games CodeWeavers also offered an enhanced version of Wine called CrossOver Games 112 113 The reliance on such compatibility layers remains controversial with concerns that it hinders growth in native development 114 115 although this approach was defended based on Loki s demise 116 117 PlayOnLinux established in 2007 provides a community alternative 118 with various guides being written on how to get games to run through Wine 119 A special Gaming Edition of Mandrake Linux 8 1 was released that featured WineX packed in with The Sims 120 The fact that the fork of Wine did not release source back to the main project was also a point of contention despite promises to release code after achieving a set number of subscribers 121 2008 2011 edit Number of sales of the first Humble Indie Bundle across systems 122 Windows 61 9 Mac 21 6 Linux 16 5 Proportional values of payments 122 Windows 52 1 Mac 23 0 Linux 24 9 The Linux gaming market also started to experience some growth towards the end of the decade with the rise of independent video game development 123 with many indie developers favouring support for multiple platforms 124 The Humble Indie Bundle initiatives inaugurated in 2010 helped to formally demonstrate this trend 125 with Linux users representing a sizable population of their purchase base as well as consistently being the most financially generous in terms of actual money spent 126 127 The Humble Indie Bundle V in 2012 faced controversy for featuring a Wine based release of Limbo prepared by CodeWeavers 128 while a native version was later released in 2014 129 Humble eventually began offering Windows only games in their bundles and on their store 130 131 In 2009 the small indie game company Entourev LLC published Voltley to Linux which is the first commercial exclusive game for this operating system 132 133 In the same year LGP released Shadowgrounds which was the first commercial game for Linux using the Nvidia PhysX middleware 134 The GamingOnLinux website was launched on July 4 2009 and eventually succeeded LinuxGames as the main source of news and commentary 135 The release of a Linux version of Desura in 2011 a digital distribution platform with a primary focus on small independent developers was heralded by several commentators as an important step to greater acknowledgement of Linux as a gaming platform 123 136 137 Shortly before this Canonical launched the Ubuntu Software Center which also sold digital games 138 The digital store Gameolith also launched in 2011 focused principally on Linux before expanding in 2012 and closing in 2014 139 140 2012 2016 edit nbsp Lutris an open source launcher for various distribution platforms In July 2012 game developer and content distributor Valve announced a port of their Source engine for Linux as well as stating their intention to release their Steam digital distribution service for Linux 141 142 143 The potential availability of a Linux Steam client had already attracted other developers to consider porting their titles to Linux 137 144 145 146 including previously Mac OS only porting houses such as Aspyr Media and Feral Interactive 147 In November 2012 Unity Technologies ported their Unity engine and game creation system to Linux starting with version 4 All of the games created with the Unity engine can now be ported to Linux easily 148 In September 2013 Valve announced that they were releasing a gaming oriented Linux based operating system called SteamOS with Valve saying they had come to the conclusion that the environment best suited to delivering value to customers is an operating system built around Steam itself 137 149 This was used for their Steam Machine platform released on November 10 2015 and discontinued in 2018 150 In March 2014 GOG com announced they would begin to support Linux titles on their DRM free store starting the same year after previously stating they would not be able due to too many distributions 151 GOG com began their initial roll out on July 24 2014 by offering 50 Linux supporting titles including several new to the platform 152 Despite previous statements GOG have confirmed they have no plans to port their Galaxy client to Linux 153 The free software Lutris started in 2010 154 GameHub from 2019 155 MiniGalaxy from 2020 156 and the Heroic Games Launcher from 2021 157 offer support for GOG as well as the Epic Games Store Ubisoft Connect and Origin In March and April 2014 two major developers Epic Games and Crytek announced Linux support for their next generation engines Unreal Engine 4 and CryEngine respectively 158 159 Towards the end of 2014 the game host itch io announced that Linux would be supported with their developing open source game client 160 This was fully launched simultaneously on Windows Mac OS X and Linux on December 15 2015 161 The service had supported Linux since it was first unveiled on March 3 2013 with creator Leaf Corcoran personally a Linux user 162 The similar Game Jolt service also supports Linux and has an open source client released on January 13 2016 163 164 GamersGate also sells games for Linux 165 166 2017 present edit nbsp Steam Deck a handheld game console running Linux based operating system On August 22 2018 Valve released their fork of Wine called Proton aimed at gaming 167 It features some improvements over the vanilla Wine such as Vulkan based DirectX 11 implementation Steam integration better full screen and game controller support and improved performance for multi threaded games 168 It has since grown to include support for DirectX 9 169 and DirectX 12 170 over Vulkan The itch io app added its own Wine integration in June 2020 171 while Lutris and PlayOnLinux are long standing independent solutions for compatibility wrappers 172 173 As with Wine and Cedega in the past concerns have been raised over whether Proton hinders native development more than it encourages use of the platform 174 175 Prodeus dropped native support in favour of Proton shortly before final release 176 and Arcen Games cancelled planned native support for Heart of the Machine 177 Valve has expressed no preference over Proton or native ports among developers 178 On February 25 2022 Valve released Steam Deck a handheld game console running SteamOS 3 0 179 180 The deployment of Proton and other design decisions were based on the limited response to their previous Steam Machines 181 Linux was also used as a base for several nostalgia consoles including the Neo Geo X 182 NES Classic Edition 183 Super NES Classic Edition 184 Sega Genesis Mini 185 Intellivision Amico 186 Lichee Pocket 4A 187 and the Atari VCS 188 It also powers the more general Polymega 189 Anbernic RG351 and 5G552 as well as the Game Gadget 190 Evercade VS EXP and Super Pocket retrogaming consoles by Blaze Entertainment 191 192 As of early 2023 the retro game store Zoom Platform was enhancing Linux support on their available titles 193 Market share editSee also Linux adoption Desktop Linux adoption The Steam Hardware Survey reports that as of January 2024 2 of users are using some form of Linux as their platform s primary operating system 194 The Unity game engine used to 195 make their statistics available and in March 2016 reported that Linux users accounted for 0 4 of players 196 In 2010 in the first Humble Bundle sales Linux accounted for 18 of purchases 197 Supported hardware edit nbsp The Pandora was a Linux integrated game console from 2010 Linux as a gaming platform can also refer to operating systems based on the Linux kernel and specifically designed for the sole purpose of gaming Examples are SteamOS which is an operating system for Steam Machines Steam Deck and general computers video game consoles built from components found in the classical home computer embedded operating systems like Tizen and Pandora and handheld game consoles like GP2X and Neo Geo X The Nvidia Shield runs Android as an operating system which is based on a modified Linux kernel citation needed The open source design of the Linux software platform allows the operating system to be compatible with various computer instruction sets and many peripherals such as game controllers and head mounted displays As an example HTC Vive which is a virtual reality head mounted display supports the Linux gaming platform citation needed Performance edit In 2013 tests by Phoronix showed real world performance of games on Linux with proprietary Nvidia and AMD drivers were mostly comparable to results on Windows 8 1 198 Phoronix found similar results in 2015 199 though Ars Technica described a 20 performance drop with Linux drivers 200 Software architecture editAn operating system based on the Linux kernel and customized specifically for gaming could adopt the vanilla Linux kernel with only little changes or like the Android operating system be based on a relative extensively modified Linux kernel It could adopt GNU C Library or Bionic or something like it The entire middleware or parts of it could very well be closed source and proprietary software the same is true for the video games There are free and open source video games available for the Linux operating system as well as proprietary ones citation needed Linux kernel edit The subsystems already mainlined and available in the Linux kernel are most probably performant enough so to not impede the gaming experience in any way citation needed however additional software is available such as e g the Brain Fuck Scheduler a process scheduler or the Budget Fair Queueing BFQ scheduler an I O scheduler 201 Similar to the way the Linux kernel can be for example adapted to run better on supercomputers there are adaptations targeted at improving the performance of games A project concerning itself with this issue is called Liquorix 202 203 Available software for video game designers edit Game creation systems edit Several game creation systems can be run on Linux such as Game Editor GDevelop Construct and Stencyl as well as beta versions of GameMaker 204 A Linux version of Clickteam Fusion 3 was mentioned but has yet to be released 205 The Godot Defold and Solar2D game engines also supports creating games on Linux 206 as do the commercial UnrealEd 207 and Unity Editor 208 209 The visual programming environments Snap Scratch and Tynker are Linux compatible Enterbrain s RPG Maker MV was released for Linux 210 In addition open source cross platform clones of the RPG Maker series exist such as Open RPG Maker MKXP and EasyRPG 211 as well as the similar OHRRPGCE and Solarus 212 The Adventure Game Studio editor is not yet ported to Linux although games made in it are compatible and the Wintermute and SLUDGE 213 adventure game engines are available ZGameEditor 214 Novashell 215 GB Studio 216 and the ZZT inspired MegaZeux 217 are also options Versions of Mugen were made available for Linux 218 and open source re implementations such as IKEMEN Go are compatible 219 The JavaScript based Ct js 220 Pixelbox js 221 and Superpowers 222 are also options Level editors edit Various level editors exists for Linux such as wxqoole Gtkradiant TrenchBroom 223 224 and J A C K 225 for the id Tech engines and related Eureka 226 SLADE 227 and ReDoomEd 228 for the Doom engine and the general purpose tile map editors LLDtk 229 Ogmo 230 and Tiled 231 Debuggers edit See also GtkRadiant and AMD CodeXL Several game development tools have been available for Linux including GNU Debugger LLDB Valgrind glslang and others VOGL a debugger for OpenGL was released on 12 March 2014 Available interfaces and SDKs edit There are multiple interfaces and Software Development Kits available for Linux and almost all of them are cross platform Most are free and open source software subject to the terms of the zlib License making it possible to static link against them from fully closed source proprietary software One difficulty due to this abundance of interfaces is the difficulty for programmers to choose the best suitable audio API for their purpose The main developer of the PulseAudio project Lennart Poettering commented on this issue 232 Physics engines audio libraries that are available as modules for game engines have been available for Linux for a long time time needed citation needed The book Programming Linux Games covers a couple of the available APIs suited for video game development for Linux while The Linux Programming Interface covers the Linux kernel interfaces in much greater detail Library License in Language bindings Back ends Description Icon Name Official 3rd party Linux Windows OS X Other nbsp Allegro zlib License C Yes Yes Yes Android iOS ClanLib zlib License C Python Lua Ruby Yes Yes GLFW zlib License C Ada C Common Lisp D Go Haskell Java Python Rebol Red Ruby Rust Yes Yes Yes a small C library to create and manage windows with OpenGL contexts enumerate monitors and video modes and handle input Grapple LGPL 2 1 C Yes Yes Yes free software package for adding multiplayer support Nvidia GameWorks Proprietary Unknown WIP Yes As the result of their cooperation with Valve Nvidia announced a Linux port of GameWorks 233 As of June 2014 PhysX and OptiX have been available for Linux for some time OpenPlay APSL C Yes Yes Yes networking library authored by Apple Inc nbsp Pygame LGPL 2 1 Python Yes Yes Yes build over SDL RakNet 3 clause BSD C C C Yes Yes Yes PlayStation 3 iOS game network engine for multi player nbsp SDL zlib License C C C Pascal Python Gambas EGL Xlib GLX GDI Direct3D Quartz Core OpenGL PSP stuff a low level cross platform abstraction layer nbsp SFML zlib License C C D Python Ruby OCaml Net Go Yes Yes Yes nbsp wxWidgets LGPL like C Yes Yes Yes Available middleware edit Beside majority of the software which acts as an interface to various subsystems of the operating system there is also software which can be simply described as middleware A multitude of companies exist worldwide whose main or only product is software that is meant to be licensed and integrated into a game engine Their primary target is the video game industry but the film industry also utilizes such software for special effects Some very few well known examples are classical physics Havok Newton Game Dynamics and PhysX audio Audiokinetic Wwise FMOD other SpeedTree A significant share of the available middleware already runs natively on Linux only a very few run exclusively on Linux Available IDEs and source code editors edit Numerous source code editors and IDEs are available for Linux among which are Visual Studio Code Sublime Text Code Blocks Qt Creator Emacs or Vim Multi monitor edit A multi monitor setup is supported on Linux at least by AMD Eyefinity amp AMD Catalyst Xinerama and RandR on both X11 and Wayland Serious Sam 3 BFE is one example of a game that runs natively on Linux and supports very high resolutions and is validated by AMD to support their Eyefinity 234 Civilization V is another example it even runs on a Kaveri desktop APU in 3x1 portrait mode 235 Voice over IP edit The specifications of the Mumble protocol are freely available and there are BSD licensed implementations for both servers and clients The positional audio API of Mumble is supported by e g Cube 2 Sauerbraten Wine edit nbsp PlayOnLinux helps make Wine gaming accessible Main article Wine software Wine is a compatibility layer that provides binary compatibility and makes it possible to run software that was written and compiled for Microsoft Windows on Linux The Wine project hosts a user submitted application database known as Wine AppDB that lists programs and games along with ratings and reviews which detail how well they run with Wine Wine AppDB also has a commenting system which often includes instructions on how to modify a system to run a certain game which cannot run on a normal or default configuration Many games are rated as running flawlessly and there are also many other games that can be run with varying degrees of success The use of Wine for gaming has proved controversial in the Linux community as some feel it is preventing or at least hindering the further growth of native gaming on the platform 236 237 Emulators edit nbsp ScummVM has enabled numerous games to be run on Linux both commercially and by hobbyists There are numerous emulators for Linux There are also APIs virtual machines and machine emulators that provide binary compatibility Anbox and Waydroid for the Android operating system Basilisk II for the 68040 Mac DOSBox and DOSEMU for MS DOS and compatibles DeSmuME and melonDS for the Nintendo DS Dolphin for the GameCube Wii and the Triforce FCEUX Nestopia and TuxNES for the Nintendo Entertainment System Flashpoint for Adobe Flash Frotz for Z Machine text adventures Fuse for the Sinclair ZX Spectrum Hatari for the Atari ST STe TT and Falcon gnuboy for the Nintendo Game Boy and Game Boy Color MAME for arcade games and previously MESS for multiple hardware platforms Mednafen and Xe emulating multiple hardware platforms including some of the above Mupen64Plus and the no longer actively developed original Mupen64 for the Nintendo 64 PCSX Reloaded pSX and the Linux port of ePSXe for the PlayStation Neko Project for the NEC PC 9801 PCSX2 for the PlayStation 2 PPSSPP for the PlayStation Portable ScummVM for LucasArts and various other adventure games SheepShaver for the PowerPC Macintosh Snes9x higan and ZSNES for the Super NES Stella for the Atari 2600 UAE for the Amiga VICE for the Commodore 64 128 VIC 20 Plus 4 and PET VisualBoyAdvance mGBA and Boycott Advance for the Game Boy Advance Mini vMac and the no longer actively developed original vMac for the 680x0 Macintosh Linux homebrew on consoles edit Main article Homebrew video games Linux has been ported to several game consoles including the Xbox PlayStation 2 PlayStation 3 PlayStation 4 238 GameCube 239 and Wii which allows game developers without an expensive game development kit to access console hardware Several gaming peripherals also work with Linux 240 241 Linux adoption editAdoption by game engines edit nbsp The game engine is important for players and developers alike The development kit is built around it game editors use it to build levels Tools such as Blender or 3ds Max are employed to create the geometry of object and or animations of those Game data has reached enormous amounts While game engines are sometimes released under some free software license instead or additionally to licensing them the game data is usually not See also List of game engines and List of game engine recreations The game engine is the software solely responsible for the game mechanics or rules defining game play There are different game engines for first person shooters strategy video games etc Besides the game mechanics software is also needed to handle graphics audio physics input handling and networking Game engines that have been used by a number of video games and run on top of Linux include C4 Engine Terathon Software CryEngine Crytek Diesel 2 0 Grin Godot engine Godot Foundation HPL Engine 1 3 Frictional Games id Tech id Software Leadwerks Leadwerks Software LithTech Monolith Productions Open 3D Engine Open 3D Foundation Road Hog Engine Flying Wild Hog Serious Engine Croteam Source Valve Storm3D Frozenbyte Torque engine GarageGames Unigine Unigine Corp Unity 5 Unity Technologies Unreal Engine Epic Games Adoption by video games edit Main article List of Linux games There are many free and open source video games as well as commercially distributed proprietary video games that run natively on Linux Some independent companies have also begun porting prominent video games from Microsoft Windows to Linux Free and open source games edit Main articles Open source video game List of open source video games and List of commercial video games with available source code Original games edit nbsp Vega Strike a space flight simulation A few original open source video games have attained notability 0 A D is a real time strategy game of ancient warfare similar to Age of Empires AssaultCube is a first person shooter AstroMenace is a 3D scroll shooter BZFlag is a 3D First person tank shooter With jumping Battle for Wesnoth is a turn based strategy game Blob Wars Metal Blob Solid is a 2D platform game Chromium B S U is a fast paced arcade style top scrolling space shooter CodeRED Alien Arena is a sci fi first person shooter derived from the Quake II engine Crimson Fields is a turn based tactical wargame 242 Cube 2 Sauerbraten is a 3D first person shooter with an integrated map editing mode Danger from the Deep is a submarine simulator set in World War II Glest is a real time strategy game with optional multiplayer NetHack and Angband are text based computer role playing games Netrek is a Star Trek themed multiplayer 2D space battle game Nexuiz is a first person shooter Although this has been replaced by Xonotic TORCS The Open Racing Car Simulator considered one of the best open source racing simulators with realistic graphics and vehicle handling 243 Tremulous is a 3D first person shooter real time strategy game Tux Racer is a 3D racing game featuring Tux Urban Terror is a standalone Quake III Arena first person shooter Proprietary mod Vega Strike is a space flight simulation Warsow is a Quake like fast paced first person shooter Clones and remakes edit nbsp Frozen Bubble a popular adaptation of the game Puzzle Bobble There are a larger number of open source clones and remakes of classic games FreeCiv is a clone of Civilization II FreeOrion is inspired by Master of Orion 244 Frets on Fire is a clone of Guitar Hero Frozen Bubble is a clone of Puzzle Bobble Grid Wars is a clone of Geometry Wars Head Over Heels 245 a ZX Spectrum action platformer was remade for Linux Windows Mac OS X and BeOS Oolite is a free and open source remake of Elite OpenClonk is a free and open source remake of Clonk OpenTTD is a remake of Transport Tycoon Deluxe OpenMW game engine reimplementation of Morrowind Performous is a remix of the ideas behind Guitar Hero SingStar and Dance Dance Revolution Pingus is a clone of Lemmings Scorched 3D is a 3D adaptation of Scorched Earth Spring 246 originally is a clone of Total Annihilation but actually is a platform for real time strategy games StepMania is a clone of Dance Dance Revolution SuperTuxKart and TuxKart are clones of Mario Kart SuperTux and Secret Maryo Chronicles are both clones of Super Mario Bros The Dark Mod is a stealth game inspired by the Thief series games particularly 1 and 2 from Looking Glass Studios The Zod Engine is an actively developed open source remake of the game Z UFO Alien Invasion is heavily influenced by the X COM series mostly by UFO Enemy Unknown UltraStar is an open source clone of SingStar Ur Quan Masters is based on the original source code for Star Control II Warzone 2100 is a real time strategy and real time tactics hybrid computer game Originally published by Eidos Interactive and later released as open source Widelands is a clone of The Settlers II Bill Kendrick has developed many free software games most inspired by games for the Atari 8 bit and other classic systems 247 Proprietary games edit Available on Steam edit nbsp Steam is the leading distributor of games for Linux Valve officially released Steam for Linux on February 14 2013 As of June 2020 update the number of Linux compatible games on Steam exceeds 6 500 248 With the launch of SteamOS a distribution of Linux made by Valve intended to be used for HTPC gaming that number is quickly growing Listed below are some notable games available on Steam for Linux nbsp Half Life 2 a launch title for Steam was ported to Linux for the service s expansion in 2013 nbsp The Stanley Parable was ported to Linux following Valve s release of the Source Engine for Linux Age of Wonders III Alien Isolation American Truck Simulator And Yet It Moves Another World Aquaria Bastion The Binding of Isaac BioShock Infinite Borderlands 2 Borderlands The Pre Sequel Braid Brutal Legend Cave Story Civilization V Civilization VI Civilization Beyond Earth Counter Strike Counter Strike Global Offensive Counter Strike Source Day of the Tentacle Remastered Dead Island Deus Ex Mankind Divided Dirt Rally Don t Starve Dota 2 Empire Total War Fez Freedom Planet GRID Autosport Grim Fandango Remastered Half Life Half Life 2 Hitman Hitman Go Kerbal Space Program Lara Croft Go Left 4 Dead 2 Life Is Strange Life Is Strange 2 Limbo Mad Max Madout Big City Online Metro 2033 Metro Last Light Middle earth Shadow of Mordor Mini Metro Pillars of Eternity Portal Portal 2 Saints Row 2 Saints Row IV Saints Row The Third Shovel Knight Skullgirls Spec Ops The Line Star Wars Knights of the Old Republic II The Sith Lords Super Meat Boy System Shock 2 The Talos Principle Tank Force Team Fortress 2 Tomb Raider Total War Warhammer TowerFall Ascension Undertale VVVVVV The Witcher 2 Assassins of Kings XCOM Enemy Unknown XCOM 2 Independent game developers edit Main article Independent video game development nbsp Terry Cavanagh s VVVVVV was ported to Linux for the Humble Indie Bundle 3 in 2011 Independent developer 2D Boy released World of Goo for Linux Role playing video game titles like Eschalon Book I Eschalon Book II and Penny Arcade Adventures On the Rain Slick Precipice of Darkness were developed cross platform from the start of development including a Linux version Sillysoft released Linux versions of their game Lux and its various versions as did My Game Company and its Dirk Dashing series 249 Donohoe Digital released War Age of Imperialism and DD Poker for Linux 250 Devolver Digital has released a number of indie games for Linux including Hotline Miami Hatoful Boyfriend Minit Ruiner Reigns OlliOlli Carrion and Broforce Vlambeer has released Luftrausers and Nuclear Throne Supergiant Games has released Bastion Transistor and Pyre Hemisphere Games has released a Linux version of Osmos Koonsolo has released a Linux version of Mystic Mine Amanita Design released Linux versions of Machinarium and Samorost 2 Irrgheist released a Linux version of their futuristic racing game H Craft Championship before later releasing the source code Gamerizon released a Linux version of QuantZ InterAction Studios ported several titles mostly in the Chicken Invaders series GridWars was released for Linux by Canadian developer Marco Inciti Young Horses released Octodad Dadliest Catch Studio Pixel released Cave Story Number None released Braid Subset Studios released FTL Faster Than Light The Indie Stone released Project Zomboid Vblank Entertainment released Retro City Rampage Bit Kid released Chasm Rocketcat Games released Death Road to Canada Ape Marina released Tales HuniePot released HuniePop Toby Fox has released Undertale ConcernedApe has released Stardew Valley Skookum Arts released The Pedestrian and Data Realms released Cortex Command Yacht Club Games has released Shovel Knight and Mina the Hollower Drinkbox Studios released Tales from Space Mutant Blobs Attack and Guacamelee Edmund McMillen has released Super Meat Boy The Binding of Isaac and The End is Nigh Kristanix Games released Linux versions of Crossword Twist Fantastic Farm Guess The Phrase Jewel Twist Kakuro Epic Mahjong Epic Maxi Dice Solitaire Epic Sudoku Epic and Theseus and the Minotaur Anawiki Games released Linux versions of Path of Magic Runes of Avalon Runes of Avalon 2 Soccer Cup Solitaire The Perfect Tree and Dress Up Pups Gaslamp Games released a Linux version of Dungeons of Dredmor Broken Rules released a Linux version of And Yet It Moves Klei Entertainment have released Shank Mark of the Ninja Don t Starve and more Tomorrow Corporation has released Little Inferno Human Resource Machine and 7 Billion Humans Alientrap released Nexuiz Capsized Apotheon and Cryptark Freebird Games has released To the Moon A Bird Story Finding Paradise and Impostor Factory 17 Bit released Skulls of the Shogun and Galak Z The Dimensional Frictional Games released Linux versions of both Penumbra Black Plague and Penumbra Overture as well as the expansion pack Penumbra Requiem They also released Amnesia The Dark Descent for Linux simultaneously with the Windows and Mac OS X versions a practice they continued through to Amnesia Rebirth 2020 S2 Games released Linux clients for their titles Savage The Battle for Newerth Savage 2 A Tortured Soul and Heroes of Newerth Wolfire Games released a Linux version of their game Lugaru and supported its sequel Overgrowth on Linux David Rosen s earlier Black Shades was also ported to Linux via released source code Arctic Paint released a Linux version of Number Drill Charlie s Games has released a Linux version of Bullet Candy Perfect Irukandji Space Phallus and Scoregasm Spiderweb Software has released Blades of Exile and Avadon The Black Fortress for Linux nbsp Darwinia was released for Linux by Introversion Software in 2005 Illwinter Game Design released Conquest of Elysium II Dominions Priests Prophets and Pretenders Dominions II The Ascension Wars and Dominions 3 The Awakening for Linux Introversion Software released Darwinia Uplink and DEFCON Cartesian Theatre is a Vancouver British Columbia Canada based software house specializing in free commercial games for Linux most notably Avaneya Kot in Action Creative Artel released their Steel Storm games for Linux Hazardous Software have released their game Achron for Linux Harebrained Schemes has released Shadowrun Returns Shadowrun Dragonfall Shadowrun Hong Kong and BattleTech UNIGINE Company developed Oil Rush using its Unigine engine technology that works on Linux Unigine Corp was also developing a shooter type game that would have been released for Linux but development was later frozen while OilRush developed 251 The MMORPG game Syndicates of Arkon was also supposed to come to Linux 252 The game Dilogus The Winds of War was also being developed with Unigine and was planned to have a Linux client 253 Cradle was released for Linux in 2015 as was Sumoman in 2017 nbsp Visual novels based on Ren Py have forged a niche on Linux A number of visual novel developers support Linux Winter Wolves released titles such as Spirited Heart Heileen The Flower Shop Bionic Heart Card Sweethearts Vera Blanc Planet Stronghold and Loren The Amazon Princess for Linux 254 255 Hanako Games released Science Girls Summer Session Date Warp Cute Knight Kingdom and were considering porting Fatal Hearts to Linux 256 257 sakevisual brought Jisei Kansei Yousei RE Alistair and Ripples to Linux 258 Four Leaf Studios also released Katawa Shoujo for Linux 259 and Christine Love released Digital A Love Story both of which along with Summer Session mentioned previously are powered by the free software Ren Py game engine The Java based sandbox game Minecraft by then indie developer Mojang is available on Linux as are any other video games compiled for the Java virtual machine Linux support was maintained even following Mojang s purchase by Microsoft in November 2014 Dwarf Fortress a sandbox management simulator roguelike has been made available for Linux by Tarn Adams 260 The voxel based space sandbox game ScrumbleShip by indie developer Dirkson was under development for Linux Mac OS X and Windows citation needed The realistic replay baseball simulation Out of the Park Baseball by OOTP Developments was made available for Linux Mac OS X and Windows for single player and multiplayer online leagues citation needed Grappling Hook a first shooter like puzzle game using the jMonkeyEngine was released by Christian Teister citation needed David Pittman released his game Eldritch for Linux Big Robot released Sir You Are Being Hunted and The Signal From Tolva Superhot Team released Superhot New Blood Interactive has released Dusk and Ultrakill for Linux Sorath released Devil Daggers Free Lives released the prototype of Anger Foot and Samurai Punk released Screencheat Pine Studio released SEUM Speedrunners from Hell and Quicktequila released Lovely Planet Milkstone Studios has released the first person shooter roguelike Ziggurat for Linux while Crema released Immortal Redneck 261 Terrible Posture Games released Tower of Guns Terri Vellmann released Heavy Bullets Pixel Titans released Strafe and Code Avarice released Paranautical Activity Magellanic Games has released Office Point Rescue 262 and Affliction Rescue 263 based on the Godot engine Pillow Castle Games released Superliminal Gone North Games released A Story About My Uncle and Manekoware with Fire Hose Games released Catlateral Damage Incandescent Imaging released Caffeine Bloober Team released Layers of Fear Red Barrels released Outlast Saibot Studios released Doorways 264 Camel 101 and Bigmoon Entertainment released Syndrome Adam Pype released No Players Online Arbitrary Metric released Paratopic Mystman12 released Baldi s Basics in Education and Learning and Kindly Beast released Bendy and the Ink Machine The German indie studio Pixel Maniacs released both of their games ChromaGun and Can t Drive This for Linux citation needed In the walking simulator space Dan Ruscoe s Dark Hill Museum of Death is available for Linux as well as the better known Gone Home The Stanley Parable Jazzpunk Firewatch and Proteus Blendo Games has released their games including Gravity Bone Thirty Flights of Loving and Quadrilateral Cowboy built on the open source id Tech code for Linux citation needed Game porters edit Main article Video game porting nbsp Ryan C Gordon ported Aquaria to Linux in 2009 Independent companies have also taken on the task of porting prominent Windows games to Linux Loki Software was the first such company and between 1998 and 2002 ported Civilization Call to Power Descent Eric s Ultimate Solitaire Heavy Gear II Heavy Metal F A K K Heretic II Heroes of Might and Magic III Kohan Immortal Sovereigns Myth II Soulblighter Postal Railroad Tycoon II Quake III Arena Rune Sid Meier s Alpha Centauri Sim City 3000 Soldier of Fortune Tribes 2 and MindRover to Linux Tribsoft created a Linux version of Jagged Alliance 2 by Sir Tech Canada before shutting down in 2002 Linux Game Publishing was founded in 2001 in response to the impending demise of Loki and has brought Creatures Internet Edition Candy Cruncher Majesty Gold Edition NingPo MahJong Hyperspace Delivery Boy Software Tycoon Postal Share The Pain Soul Ride X2 The Threat Gorky 17 Cold War Knights and Merchants The Shattered Kingdom Ballistics X3 Reunion Jets n Guns Sacred Gold Shadowgrounds and Shadowgrounds Survivor to Linux Some of these games were ported for them by Gordon nbsp LGP ported Ballistics to Linux in 2007 LGP associated but freelance consultant Frank C Earl is porting the game Caster to Linux and has released the first episode and also developed the Linux version of Cortex Command being included in the second Humble Indie Bundle He is also working towards other porting projects such as the entire Myth series He is largely taking recommendations and he comments as part of the Phoronix community icculus org has ported beta releases for Medal of Honor Allied Assault and Devastation versions of America s Army and the titles Prey Aquaria Braid Hammerfight and Cogs nbsp Trine was ported to Linux by Alternative Games in 2011 The German publisher RuneSoft was founded in 2000 They ported the games Northland Robin Hood The Legend of Sherwood Airline Tycoon Deluxe Ankh Ankh Heart of Osiris Barkanoid 2 and Jack Keane to Linux as well as porting Knights and Merchants The Shattered Kingdom and Software Tycoon for Linux Game Publishing Hyperion Entertainment ported games to several systems they have ported Shogo Mobile Armor Division and SiN to Linux as well as porting Gorky 17 for Linux Game Publishing Wyrmkeep Entertainment has brought the games The Labyrinth of Time and Inherit the Earth Quest for the Orb to Linux Alternative Games brought Trine and Shadowgrounds and Shadowgrounds Survivor for Linux Game Publishing Aspyr Media released their first Linux port in June 2014 265 they claim they are porting to Linux due to Valve bringing out SteamOS 266 Aspyr Media later ported Borderlands 2 to Linux 267 in September 2014 Having ported games to the Macintosh since 1996 video game publisher Feral Interactive released XCOM Enemy Unknown its first game for Linux in June 2014 Feral Interactive stated they port games to Linux thanks to SteamOS 268 Other developers edit nbsp GarageGames released several games for Linux in the 2000s before open sourcing their Torque engine in 2012 nbsp Abuse was one of the first commercial games for Linux Some id Software employees ported the Doom series the Quake series Return to Castle Wolfenstein Wolfenstein Enemy Territory and Enemy Territory Quake Wars Some games published by GarageGames which have Linux versions include Bridge Builder Marble Blast Gold Gish Tribal Trouble and Dark Horizons Lore Invasion MP Entertainment released Hopkins FBI and Crack dot com releasedAbuse for Linux becoming one of the first developers to release a native port Inner Worlds another early commercial Linux title was released for and developed on Linux Philos Laboratories released a Linux version of Theocracy on the retail disk Absolutist has supported Linux for a number of years 269 GLAMUS GmbH released a Linux version of their game Mobility Vicarious Visions ported the space flight game Terminus to Linux Oliver Hamann released the driving game Odyssey by Car in 2001 270 Futureware 2001 released a trading simulation Wurstelstand in 1999 Mountain King Studios released a port of Raptor Call of the Shadows BlackHoleSun Software released Krilo Bunnies and Aftermath and worked on Atlantis The Underwater City Interactive Storybook 271 RedLynx released the freeware Phobia III Edge Of Humanity for Linux 272 Revolution Software released source code to Lure of the Temptress and Beneath a Steel Sky to facilitate compatibility with ScummVM which later also grew to support Broken Sword The Shadow of the Templars Broken Sword II The Smoking Mirror and Broken Sword 2 5 The Return of the Templars with Revolution later also releasing native ports of the sequels Beyond a Steel Sky and Broken Sword 5 The Serpent s Curse nbsp Four out of five Unreal Tournament games were released for Linux Lava Lord Games released their game Astro Battle for Linux Xatrix Entertainment released a Linux version of Kingpin Life of Crime BioWare released Neverwinter Nights for Linux Croteam released the Serious Sam series with the first game ported by Gordon and with the second self ported Gordon also ported Epic Games shooter games Unreal Tournament 2003 and Unreal Tournament 2004 The Project Aon effort to digitize and distribute Joe Dever s Lone Wolf gamebooks distributed archives in the tar gz format popular among Linux users 273 and later player aid programs such as Seventh Sense have supported Linux directly 274 Revolution System Games released their game Decadence Home Sweet Home through Steam only for Linux for a period of time after Mac or Windows release 275 On 12 October 2013 Lars Gustavsson creative director at DICE said to polygon com 276 We strongly want to get into Linux for a reason Gustavsson said It took Halo for the first Xbox to kick off and go crazy usually it takes one killer app or game and then people are more than willing to adopt it it is not hard to get your hands on Linux for example it only takes one game that motivates you to go there Commercial games for non x86 instruction sets edit nbsp Sid Meier s Alpha Centauri was released for numerous architectures Some companies ported games to Linux running on instruction sets other than x86 such as Alpha PowerPC Sparc MIPS or ARM Loki Entertainment Software ported Civilization Call to Power Eric s Ultimate Solitaire Heroes of Might and Magic III Myth II Soulblighter Railroad Tycoon II Gold Edition and Sid Meier s Alpha Centauri with Alien Crossfire expansion pack to Linux PowerPC 277 They also ported Civilization Call to Power Eric s Ultimate Solitaire Sid Meier s Alpha Centauri with Alien Crossfire expansion pack to Linux Alpha and Civilization Call to Power Eric s Ultimate Solitaire to Linux SPARC Linux Game Publishing published Candy Cruncher Majesty Gold NingPo MahJong and Soul Ride to Linux PowerPC They also ported Candy Cruncher Soul Ride to Linux SPARC and Soul Ride to Linux Alpha 278 279 Illwinter Game Design ported Dominions Priests Prophets and Pretenders Dominions II The Ascension Wars and Dominions 3 to Linux PowerPC as well as Conquest of Elysium 3 Dominions 4 Thrones of Ascension to Raspberry Pi 280 Hyperion Entertainment ported Sin to Linux PowerPC published by Titan Computer and Gorky 17 to Linux PowerPC which later was published by LGP Runesoft hired Gunnar von Boehn which ported Robin Hood The Legend of Sherwood to Linux PowerPC Later Runesoft ported Airline Tycoon Deluxe to Raspberry Pi was running Debian GNU Linux citation needed Source ports edit Main article Source port nbsp Micropolis an open source port of SimCity Several developers have released the source code to many of their legacy titles allowing them to be run as native applications on many alternative platforms including Linux Examples of games which were ported to Linux this way include Duke Nukem 3D Shadow Warrior Rise of the Triad Blake Stone Ken s Labyrinth Catacomb 3D Seven Kingdoms Arx Fatalis Warzone 2100 Homeworld Call to Power II Wolfenstein 3D Heretic Hexen Hexen II Aliens versus Predator Descent Descent II and Freespace 2 108 Several game titles that were previously released for Linux were also able to be expanded or updated because of the availability of game code including Doom Abuse Quake Quake II Quake III Arena and Jagged Alliance 2 Some derivatives based on released source code have also been released for Linux such as Aleph One and Micropolis for Marathon 2 Durandal and SimCity respectively Certain game titles were even able to be ported due to availability of shared engine code even though the game s code itself remains proprietary or otherwise unavailable such as the video games Strife Blood PowerSlave Redneck Rampage 281 or the multiplayer component of Star Trek Voyager Elite Force 282 Some games have even been ported entirely or partially by reverse engineering and game engine recreation such as WarCraft II through Wargus or Commander Keen through Commander Genius 111 Another trick is to attempt hacking the game to work as a mod on another native title such as with the original Unreal 283 Additionally some games can be run through the use of Linux specific runtime environments such as the case of certain games made with Adventure Game Studio such as the Chzo Mythos 284 or certain titles made with the RPG Maker tool Games derived from released code with both free and proprietary media that are released for Linux include Urban Terror OpenArena Freedoom Blasphemer World of Padman Nexuiz Xonotic War ow The Dark Mod and Excalibur Morgana s Revenge 285 Massively multiplayer online role playing games edit nbsp WorldForge is a free software MMORPG that runs on Linux See also List of MMORPGs This is a selected list of MMORPGs that are native on Linux A Tale in the Desert III 2003 eGenesis A trading and crafting game set in ancient Egypt pay to play Crossfire 1992 A medieval fantasy 2D game Dofus 2005 Ankama Games A 2D fantasy MMORPG PlaneShift A free 3D fantasy game Regnum Online A 3D fantasy game free to play with premium content RuneScape Java fantasy 3rd person MMORPG Salem An isometric 3D fantasy game with a focus on crafting and permadeath Shroud of the Avatar An isometric 3D fantasy game and the spiritual successor to Ultima Online Spiral Knights Java fantasy 3rd person game The Saga of Ryzom has a Linux client and source code available Tibia A 2D Medieval fantasy MMORPG game Free to play with premium content One of the oldest MMORPG created January 1997 With Official Linux client Ultima Online has an unofficial Linux client Vendetta Online A 3D spacecraft MMOFPS with growing RPG elements pay to play Maintains both Linux 32 and Linux 64 clients WorldForge A game engine There are Linux clients available Wyvern A 2D fantasy MMORPG that runs on Java Yohoho Puzzle Pirates A puzzle game which runs on Java Many Virtual Worlds such as Second Life also have Linux clients Types of Linux gaming editLinux gaming can be divided into a number of sub categories 286 287 288 Libre gaming edit Libre gaming is a form of Linux gaming that emphasizes libre software which often includes levels and assets as well as code 289 self published source 290 Native gaming edit Native gaming is a form of Linux gaming that emphasizes using only native games or ports and not using emulators or compatibility layers 236 115 291 292 DRM free gaming edit DRM free gaming is a form of Linux gaming that emphasizes boycotting DRM technologies This can include buying games from GOG com certain Humble Bundles or itch io and avoiding Steam and similar services 293 294 Terminal gaming edit Terminal gaming is the playing of text based games from within a console 295 often programmed within Bash or using libraries such as ncurses 296 297 Retro gaming edit Retrogaming is the playing of older games 298 using emulators such as MAME or Dosbox 299 compatibility layers such as Wine and Proton 300 engine reimplementations and source ports 301 or even older Linux distributions including live CDs and live USB or virtual machines 302 original binaries 303 and period hardware 304 Live gaming edit A number of games can be played from live distributions such as Knoppix allowing easy access for users unwilling to fully commit to Linux 305 Certain live distros have specially targeted gamers such as SuperGamer and Linux Gamers 306 307 Browser gaming edit Browser gaming is the act of playing online games through a web browser 308 which has the advantage of largely being platform independent 309 310 The same largely applies to social network games hosted on social media sites 311 Older games were largely based on Adobe Flash 312 while modern ones are mostly HTML5 313 Cloud gaming edit Cloud gaming is the streaming of games from a central server onto a desktop client 314 This is another way to play games on Linux that are not natively supported 315 316 although some cloud services such as the erstwhile Google Stadia 317 318 are hosted on Linux 319 320 and Android servers 321 GamingAnywhere is an open source implementation 322 On Windows edit Although less exploited than the reverse 323 as few programs are Linux exclusive 324 support does exist for running Linux binaries from Windows 325 326 The Windows Subsystem for Linux allows the running of both command line 327 328 and graphical Linux applications 329 self published source 330 from Windows 10 and Windows 11 331 An earlier implementation is Cygwin 332 started by Cygnus Solutions and later maintained by Red Hat 333 although it has limited hardware access 334 and required adaptation 335 The use of Wine can even allow for the running of Windows games on Linux from Windows citation needed The LibTAS library for tool assisted speedruns currently recommends WSL to run on Windows 336 Naughty Dog meanwhile have used Cygwin to run old command line tools for use in their game development 337 which is a broader use for the platform 338 As with running Windows applications on Linux there is controversy over whether running Linux applications on Windows will dilute interest in Linux as distinct platform 339 though it has speciality uses 340 Android gaming edit Originally derived from Linux the Android mobile operating system has a distinct and popular gaming ecosystem 341 It has also been used as the base for several game consoles such as the Nvidia Shield Portable and the Ouya 342 Popular games include Pokemon Go Genshin Impact League of Legends Wild Rift Dead Cells and Call of Duty Mobile 343 Certain games such as Minecraft Stardew Valley and Papers Please are available for both Android and desktop Linux 344 ChromeOS gaming edit ChromeOS is another Linux derived operating system by Google for its Chromebooks 345 and it too has a dedicated gaming ecosystem 346 347 Partly owing to a lack of high end graphics hardware 348 349 it is especially oriented towards cloud gaming 350 via services like GeForce Now and Xbox Cloud Gaming 351 352 with models featuring Nvidia GPUs ultimately being cancelled 353 Numerous games for Android have also been made compatible with ChromeOS 354 355 as well as a standard Linux games 356 357 358 Windows games via Wine or Proton 359 360 361 and with browser games also being popular 362 A version of Steam has been in development for ChromeOS 363 with third party launchers also available such as the Heroic Games Launcher for the Epic Games Store 364 Popular titles include Among Us Genshin Impact Alto s Odyssey Roblox and Fortnite 365 366 367 368 Skepticism remains for using ChromeOS and Chromebooks as gaming machines 369 370 371 BSD gaming edit Owing to a common Unix like heritage and free software ethos many games for Linux are also ported to BSD variants 372 or can be run using compatibility layers such as Linuxulator 373 BSDi had partnered with Loki Software to ensure its Linux ports ran on FreeBSD 374 The Mizutamari launcher exists to facilitate running Windows games through Wine 375 which can still be used standalone 376 A 2011 benchmark by Phoronix even found certain speed advantages over running games on Linux itself comparing PC BSD 8 2 to Ubuntu 11 04 377 Most BSD systems come with the same pack in desktop games as Linux 378 The permissive licensing of BSD has also lead to its inclusion in the system software of several game consoles such as the Sony PlayStation line 379 380 and the Nintendo Switch 381 Unix gaming edit See also Mac gaming A further niche exists for running games either through ports or lxrun 382 on Solaris 383 and derivatives such as OpenIndiana 384 Darwin distributions such as PureDarwin 385 HarmonyOS 386 and OpenHarmony 387 Coherent 388 SerenityOS 389 390 Redox OS 391 392 ToaruOS 393 Xv6 394 Fiwix 395 or on Minix 396 and Hurd based systems 397 There has been some cross pollination with purely proprietary Unix derivatives 398 such as AIX 399 QNX 400 Domain OS 401 HP UX 402 IRIX see here 403 404 Xenix 405 SCO Unix 406 Unixware 407 Tru64 UNIX 408 409 LynxOS which features inbuilt Linux compatibility 410 Ultrix 411 OpenVMS 412 413 z OS UNIX System Services 414 415 self published source and even A UX 416 The games Doom and Quake were developed by id Software on NeXTStep 417 a forerunner of modern macOS 418 before being ported to DOS and back to numerous other Unix variants 419 This involved reaching out to numerous Unix vendors to supply machines to use in the build and testing process 420 See also edit nbsp Free and open source software portal nbsp Video games portal Directories and lists Free Software Directory List of emulators List of open source video games List of video game console emulators Linux gaming software Direct3D alternative implementation Lutris PlayOnLinux Proton software Steam service Vulkan Wine software Other articles Linux for PlayStation 2 Sega LindberghReferences edit Ritchie Dennis June 2001 Ken Unix and Games ICGA Journal 24 2 67 70 doi 10 3233 ICG 2001 24202 Archived from the original on October 21 2021 Retrieved March 19 2023 Jowitt Tom May 26 2017 Tales In Tech History Unix Silicon UK Retrieved March 5 2023 The developers wanted to play the game on a PDP 7 a minicomputer built by Digital Equipment Corp found in the corner of their building But the game couldn t be run run on more modern and hence costly equipment as computing resource was a precious commodity back then By the summer of 1969 they had developed the new Unix OS that could run the computer game and in 1971 the first ever edition of Unix was released A second edition of Unix arrived in December 1972 and was rewritten in the higher level language C Crick Joseph December 12 2017 Lessons from the Development of Unix Medium Retrieved March 18 2023 Toomey Warren December 2011 The Strange Birth and Long Life of Unix PDF IEEE Spectrum Apart from the text processing and general system applications the first edition of Unix included games such as blackjack chess and tic tac toe Bronnikov Sergey Unix ASCII games GitHub Retrieved March 18 2023 Allen Holm Joshua June 21 2017 Revisit Colossal Cave with Open Adventure Opensource com Retrieved February 5 2023 Hasan Mehedi November 24 2022 Top 20 Best ASCII Games on Linux System Ubuntu Pit Retrieved March 18 2023 Gagne Marcel September 1 2000 The Ghost of Fun Times Past Linux Journal Archived from the original on June 7 2011 Retrieved July 20 2022 Woodman Lawrence August 11 2009 My Top 10 Classic Text Mode BSD Games TechTinkering Retrieved February 18 2023 Stallman Richard Linux and the GNU System GNU Project Archived from the original on March 19 2017 Retrieved July 20 2022 Some of our system components the programming tools became popular on their own among programmers but we wrote many components that are not tools We even developed a chess game GNU Chess because a complete system needs games too Wen Howard November 21 2001 Building Freeciv An Open Source Strategy Game LinuxDevCenter com Archived from the original on December 29 2008 Retrieved April 14 2009 Armstrong Ryan November 18 2020 Old X Games Zerk Zone Retrieved February 14 2023 Wilson Hamish January 10 2022 Building a Retro Linux Gaming Computer Part 8 Shovelware with a Penguin GamingOnLinux Retrieved February 9 2023 Link Jay September 30 1999 Easy graphics A beginner s guide to SVGAlib Developer com Retrieved September 29 2023 Pitzel Brad February 12 1994 Sasteroids v1 0 release vga arcade game Retrieved October 1 2023 Ayers Larry July 1 1998 Sabre An Svgalib Flight Sim Linux Gazette Retrieved September 29 2023 Beck Andreas November 1 1996 Linux GGI Project Linux Journal Retrieved December 20 2023 Wilson Hamish March 12 2024 Building a Retro Linux Gaming Computer Part 40 The Cyborg Project GamingOnLinux Retrieved March 13 2024 Software Announcements Linux Weekly News January 6 2000 Retrieved January 21 2024 Fox Alexander January 5 2018 The Best Open Source Clones of Great Old Games Make Tech Easier Retrieved February 4 2023 Maskara Swati March 3 2021 33 Best Open Source Games That Are Forever Free To Play TechNorms Retrieved February 4 2023 Johnson Michael K December 1 1994 DOOM Linux Journal Retrieved April 23 2023 Zimbinski Bob January 1 1999 Getting Started with Quake Linux Journal Hellums Duane March 1 1999 Red Hat LINUX Secrets Second Edition Linux Journal Retrieved July 2 2023 It would be nice to see some extra CD goodies included such as Doom and Quake which are freely available elsewhere Tackett Jack 1997 Special Edition Using Linux United States Que Corporation p 287 ISBN 9780470485460 The X Windows version supplied on the accompanying Slackware CD ROM in the contrib directory is a complete hareware version The Red Hat distribution automatically installs the game during installation Although this version runs on 386 computers it was built to run on high end 486 systems If you run DOOM on a 386 with a small amount of physical RAM be prepared to be disappointed the game will be too slow to be enjoyable You need lots of horse power to play DOOM under Linux Barkakati Naba 1996 Linux Secrets United States IDG Books Worldwide p 96 ISBN 9781568847986 This disk set contains a collection of well known UNIX games X is not required such as Hangman Dungeon and Snake The set also includes id Software s DOOM This game comes in two versions one runs under X and the other runs without X You may want to install this disk set just so you can try out DOOM Parker Tim 1996 Linux Unleashed United States Macmillan Computer Publishing p 981 ISBN 0672313723 DOOM This exciting though controversially gory game is now ported to Linux as well Complete with sound support and exquisite graphics this Linux port does its DOS counterpart justice So Long Crack com loonygames Archived from the original on October 21 2020 Retrieved August 4 2011 Partnership with Crack dot Com Brings Games to Linux Press release Red Hat October 7 1997 Retrieved July 31 2014 Anonymous 2000 Maximum Linux Security A Hacker s Guide to Protecting Your Linux Server and Workstation Volume 1 United States Sams Publishing p 121 ISBN 9780672316708 A classic and very easy to follow SUID attack is the on the file usr lib games abuse abuse console part of a game that was distributed with Open Linux 1 1 and Red Hat 2 1 Yes you read that right Even a game can be a security risk to the system Jebens Harley April 26 2000 Okay Dave Taylor Why Linux GameSpot Retrieved March 17 2023 Dave Taylor Interview game developer blankmaninc com October 27 2012 Archived from the original on July 23 2014 Retrieved August 4 2014 Mrochuk Jeff November 15 2000 How To Install Quake 1 Linux com Archived from the original on April 1 2022 Retrieved March 16 2011 Wilson Hamish February 27 2023 Building a Retro Linux Gaming Computer Part 27 Lost Souls GamingOnLinux Retrieved February 27 2023 Raghavan Barath Katz Jeremy Moffitt Jack February 19 1999 An interview with Dave Zoid Kirsch of linux quake fame Linux Power Archived from the original on September 10 1999 Retrieved February 27 2023 Reyes Dustin August 22 2004 Interview with id Software s Timothee Besset LinuxGames Archived from the original on September 24 2004 Retrieved February 27 2023 Chalk Andy February 6 2013 John Carmack Argues Against Native Linux Games The Escapist Archived from the original on January 21 2020 Retrieved September 29 2013 Macmillan Says Let the Linux Games Begin Market Leader in Linux Software amp Books Offers Quake amp Civilization Business Wire June 17 1999 Archived from the original on March 5 2016 Retrieved March 3 2018 Shah Rawn March 9 2000 Quake III Arena on Linux CNN Retrieved February 27 2023 CmdrTaco November 5 1998 Red Hat not Interested in Publishing Id Games Slashdot Retrieved September 12 2023 Sawicki Antoni December 30 2022 SimCity for Unix Liberated Virtually Fun Retrieved March 4 2023 History and Future of OLPC SimCity Micropolis Archived from the original on January 13 2016 Retrieved July 17 2012 Kuhnash Jeremy February 9 2000 Hopkins FBI Linux com Archived from the original on October 28 2007 Hitchens Joe September 19 2001 Internet Based Software Development Sleepless Software Inc Archived from the original on December 31 2001 Ultima Online for Linux Archived from the original on February 29 2004 Dicks Steve December 1998 REVIEW The UNIX Book of Games ACCU Retrieved March 17 2023 ANNC The Linux Game Tome on the Web groups google com Retrieved December 16 2023 Gasperson Tina December 16 2004 Site review Linux Game Tome Linux com Retrieved February 18 2023 Larabel Michael November 18 2010 LGP Has Been Down For A Month And A Half Phoronix Retrieved February 18 2023 Stieben Danny February 6 2013 Top 4 Websites To Discover Free Linux Games Make Use Of Retrieved February 2 2023 Wagh Amol September 14 2011 Best Web Places to Find Amazing Free Linux Games Digital Conqueror Retrieved February 2 2023 Barr Joe July 1 1999 You can tell a lot about an OS from its games CNN Retrieved August 14 2023 Dawe Liam August 14 2023 Rest in peace Dustin Crusader Reyes a pioneer of Linux gaming news GamingOnLinux Retrieved August 14 2023 Interview Scott Draeker and Sam Lantinga Loki Entertainment Linux Journal August 1 1999 Lynch Jim September 7 2016 Remembering Loki s Linux games from the 90s InfoWorld Retrieved February 26 2023 Interview with Ryan Gordon Postal2 Unreal amp Mac Gaming Macologist Archived from the original on March 9 2005 Lantinga Sam September 1 1999 SDL Making Linux fun IBM Archived from the original on May 11 2003 Retrieved December 15 2023 Kreimeier Bernd January 1 2001 The Story of OpenAL Linux Journal Hills James Loki and the Linux World Expo GameSpy chats with Linux legend Scott Draeker about the future of Linux gaming GameSpy Archived from the original on March 15 2006 Foster Johnson Eric Does Ragnarok for Loki Spell Doom for Linux Games Archived from the original on August 29 2018 Retrieved February 9 2016 Hills James March 1 2001 Is Linux Gaming here to stay GameSpy Retrieved December 7 2023 Linux Game Publishing Blog LGP History pt 1 How LGP came to be Archived from the original on July 13 2011 Dawe Liam June 30 2011 Gameolith The Linux Game Download Store GamingOnLinux Retrieved February 4 2023 Bush Josh September 11 2018 Cheese talks to himself about Proton and the history of modern Linux gaming CheeseTalks Retrieved February 4 2023 Larabel Michael April 1 2014 Linux Game Publishing Remains Dormant Phoronix Retrieved February 18 2023 Gestalt November 21 2000 Indrema to bring Linux to the masses Eurogamer Retrieved December 7 2023 Shankland Stephen January 2 2002 Game start up faces major rivals with Linux console CNET Retrieved December 7 2023 Manjoo Farhad March 13 2001 Game Arrives Only in Dreams Wired Retrieved December 7 2023 Becker David January 2 2002 Plans for Linux game console fizzle CNET Retrieved December 7 2023 Smith Tony April 11 2001 Linux games console fragged The Register Retrieved December 7 2023 Gross Grant April 18 2001 TuxBox Rising from Indrema s ashes Linux com Retrieved December 7 2023 Wilson Hamish December 12 2023 Building a Retro Linux Gaming Computer Part 36 Entertainment for X Windows GamingOnLinux Retrieved December 15 2023 While still being the most elaborate 100 Great Linux Games was far from the only shovelware set of games released for Linux with several UNIX CD ROM vendors such as Walnut Creek CDROM and Omeron Systems also seeking a piece of the action for themselves Ajami Amer April 26 2000 Take Two Jumps on Linux GameSpot Retrieved April 2 2023 Linux Games Walnut Creek CDROM Archived from the original on October 28 2000 Retrieved April 7 2023 Walnut Creek CDROM Catalog Walnut Creek CDROM December 17 2000 Retrieved April 7 2023 Linux Games Linux Large collection of games graphics sound and video applications plus related development tools PC CD ROM Shareware amp utlity Zeta Italy May 1997 p 92 Retrieved April 4 2024 PHT Products Pacific Hitech 1998 Archived from the original on December 6 1998 Retrieved April 4 2024 Formerly known as Linux Games this is a collection of the best entertainment and multimedia programs for the Linux operating system It also contains multimedia development tools to assist you in creating your own games and multimedia applications for Linux This is the latest issue volume 4 and features a new and improved user interface The CD contains packages for i386 DEC Alpha and PPC platforms This product is only available through Walnut Creek CD ROM Linux Cubed Series 8 LINUX Games Internet Archive Community Software December 11 1997 Retrieved December 8 2023 Thomas Benjamin D April 2 2000 Best Linux Linux com Retrieved April 7 2023 Knight Will February 5 2000 CeBIT 2000 Consumer Linux from Finland ZDNet Retrieved April 7 2023 Linux is Best SOT Finnish Software Engineering Ltd Archived from the original on August 16 2000 Retrieved April 7 2023 Wilson Hamish August 8 2023 Building a Retro Linux Gaming Computer Part 31 The Fear of Loss GamingOnLinux Retrieved August 10 2023 I did discover that Phobia III was later packaged as part of the Russian made LinuxCenter Games Collection Vol 2 compilation a selection of Linux gaming files that was sold on either four CD ROMs or a single DVD but this too appeared to have been scrubbed from the internet Wilson Hamish December 12 2023 Building a Retro Linux Gaming Computer Part 36 Entertainment for X Windows GamingOnLinux Retrieved December 15 2023 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