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GameCube

January 26, 2023

The GameCube[i][j] is a home video game console developed and released by Nintendo in Japan on September 14, 2001, in North America on November 18, 2001, and in PAL territories in 2002. It is the successor to the Nintendo 64 (1996), and predecessor of the Wii (2006). In the sixth generation of video game consoles, the GameCube competed with Sony's PlayStation 2 and Microsoft's Xbox. Flagship games include Super Smash Bros. Melee, Luigi's Mansion, Super Mario Sunshine, Metroid Prime, Mario Kart: Double Dash, Pikmin, Pikmin 2, The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker, Chibi-Robo!, and Animal Crossing.

GameCube
An indigo controller and GameCube
Also known asDolphin[a]
DeveloperNintendo
Manufacturer
TypeHome video game console
GenerationSixth
Release date
Lifespan2001 (2001)–2007 (2007)
Introductory price$199,[5] £129,[6] €199[7]
Discontinued
  • WW: 2007
Units sold
  • Worldwide: 21.75 million
    • Americas: 12.94 million
    • Japan: 4.04 million
    • Other regions: 4.77 million[8]
(details)
Media
Operating systemProprietary
CPU32-bit IBM PowerPC 750CXe Gekko @ 486 MHz
Memory
  • 24 MB of 1T-SRAM @ 324MHz as system RAM
  • 3 MB of embedded 1T-SRAM as video RAM
  • 16 MB of DRAM as I/O buffer RAM
Removable storageGameCube Memory Card[c]
Display
Video output formats
GraphicsATI Flipper GPU @ 162 MHz with 3MB embedded 1T-SRAM
SoundAnalog stereo[g]
Controller inputGameCube controller, WaveBird, GBA, various
ConnectivityEthernet and dialup
Power
Online services
Dimensions
  • 150 × 161 × 110 mm[10]
  • 5.9 × 6.3 × 4.3 in
  • (width × depth × height)
Mass
  • 1,400 g (3.1 lb)[10]
Best-selling gameSuper Smash Bros. Melee, 7.09 million[h]
Backward
compatibility		Select Game Boy, Game Boy Color, and Game Boy Advance games via Game Boy Player
PredecessorNintendo 64
SuccessorWii
WebsiteOfficial website

Development was enabled by the 1997 formation of computer graphics company ArtX, of former SGI employees who had created the Nintendo 64, and which was later acquired by ATI to produce the GameCube's GPU. In May 1999, Nintendo announced codename Dolphin, released in 2001 as the GameCube. It is Nintendo's first console to use optical discs instead of ROM cartridges, supplemented by writable memory cards for saved games. Unlike its competitors, it is solely focused on gaming and does not play mass media like DVD or CD. The console supports limited online gaming for a few games via a GameCube broadband or modem adapter and can connect to a Game Boy Advance with a link cable for exclusive in-game features using the handheld as a second screen and controller. The GameCube supports e-Reader cards to unlock special features in a few games. The Game Boy Player add-on runs Game Boy, Game Boy Color, and Game Boy Advance cartridge games.

Reception of the GameCube was mixed. It was praised for its controller and extensive library of high-quality games, but was criticized for its exterior design and lack of multimedia features. Nintendo sold 21.74 million GameCube units worldwide, much fewer than anticipated, and discontinued it in 2007. It was succeeded by the Wii; the first model launched in November 2006 with full backward compatibility with GameCube games and accessories.

History

Background

In 1997, a graphics hardware design company called ArtX was launched with twenty engineers who had previously worked at SGI. ArtX was led by Wei Yen, who had been SGI's head of Nintendo Operations and of Project Reality, which from 1993 to 1996 had scaled SGI's supercomputer design down to become the Nintendo 64.[12][13]

Development

Partnering with Nintendo in May 1998, ArtX began the complete design of the system logic and graphics processor (codenamed Flipper)[14] of Nintendo's sixth-generation video game console. The console's succession of codenames was N2000,[15] Star Cube, and Nintendo Advance.[16] On May 12, 1999, the console was first publicly announced at Nintendo's press conference with the codename Dolphin, as the successor to the Nintendo 64. This included strategic alliances with IBM to create Dolphin's PowerPC-based CPU, codenamed Gekko, and with Panasonic (Matsushita) to create its DVD drive and its own Dolphin-based devices.[17][13][18] Nintendo then began providing development kits to game developers such as Rare and Retro Studios.[17]

In April 2000, ArtX was acquired by ATI, whereupon the Flipper graphics processor design had already been mostly completed by ArtX and was not overtly influenced by ATI.[12][14] In total, ArtX cofounder Greg Buchner recalled that their portion of the console's hardware design timeline had arced from inception in 1998 to completion in 2000.[12] Of the ArtX acquisition, an ATI spokesperson said, "ATI now becomes a major supplier to the game console market via Nintendo. The Dolphin platform is reputed to be king of the hill in terms of graphics and video performance with 128-bit architecture."[19]

The console was announced as the GameCube at a press conference in Japan on August 25, 2000,[20] abbreviated as both "NGC" and "GC" in Japan[21][22] and "GCN" in Europe and North America.[23] Nintendo unveiled its software lineup for the sixth-generation console at E3 2001, focusing on fifteen launch games, including Luigi's Mansion and Star Wars Rogue Squadron II: Rogue Leader.[24] Several games originally scheduled to launch with the console were delayed.[25] It is also the first Nintendo home console since the Famicom not to have a Mario launch game.[26]

Long before the console's launch, Nintendo had developed and patented an early prototype of motion controls for the GameCube, with which developer Factor 5 had experimented for its launch games.[27][17] Greg Thomas, Sega of America's VP of Development said, "What does worry me is Dolphin's sensory controllers [which are rumored to include microphones and headphone jacks] because there's an example of someone thinking about something different." These motion control concepts would not be deployed to consumers for several years, until the Wii Remote.[17]

Prior to the GameCube's release, Nintendo focused resources on the launch of the Game Boy Advance, a handheld game console and successor to the original Game Boy and Game Boy Color. As a result, several games originally destined for the Nintendo 64 console were postponed to become early releases on the GameCube. The last first-party game in 2001 for the Nintendo 64 was released in May, one month before the Game Boy Advance's launch and six months before the GameCube's, due to the company's shift in resources. Concurrently, Nintendo was developing GameCube software provisioning future connectivity with the Game Boy Advance. Certain games, such as The Legend of Zelda: Four Swords Adventures and Final Fantasy Crystal Chronicles, can use the handheld as a secondary screen and controller when connected to the console via a link cable.[28][29]

Nintendo began its marketing campaign with the catchphrase "The Nintendo Difference" at its E3 2001 reveal.[24] The goal was to distinguish itself from the competition as an entertainment company.[30] Later advertisements have the slogan, "Born to Play", and game ads feature a rotating cube animation that morphs into a GameCube logo and end with a voice whispering, "GameCube".[31][32] On May 21, 2001, the console's launch price of US$199 was announced, $100 lower than that of the PlayStation 2 and Xbox.[33] Nintendo spent $76 million marketing the GameCube.[34]

In September 2020, leaked documents included Nintendo's plans for a GameCube model that would be both portable with a built-in display and dockable to a TV, similar to its later console the Nintendo Switch.[35][36] Other leaks suggest plans for a GameCube successor, codenamed Tako, with HD graphics and slots for SD and memory cards, apparently resulting from a partnership with ATI (now AMD) and scheduled for release in 2005.[37]

Release

The GameCube was launched in Japan on September 14, 2001.[38] Approximately 500,000 units were shipped in time to retailers.[39] The console was scheduled to launch two months later in North America on November 5, 2001, but the date was pushed back in an effort to increase the number of available units.[40] The console eventually launched in North America on November 18, 2001, with over 700,000 units shipped to the region.[1] Other regions followed suit the following year beginning with Europe in the second quarter of 2002.[41]

On April 22, 2002, veteran third-party Nintendo console developer Factor 5 announced its 3D audio software development kit titled MusyX. In collaboration with Dolby Laboratories, MusyX provides motion-based surround sound encoded as Dolby Pro Logic II.[42]

The Triforce arcade board is a joint development between Nintendo, Namco, and Sega, based on the GameCube's design.[43] Its games include Mario Kart Arcade GP and F-Zero AX.

Discontinuation

Nintendo launched the Wii, the home console successor to the GameCube, on November 19, 2006, in North America and in December 2006 in other regions. In February 2007, Nintendo announced that it had ceased first-party support for the GameCube and that the console had been discontinued, as it was shifting its manufacturing and development efforts towards the Wii and Nintendo DS.[44][45] GameCube controllers, game discs, and certain accessories continued to be supported via the Wii's backward compatibility, although this feature was removed in later iterations of the Wii console. Several games originally developed for the GameCube were either reworked for a Wii release, such as Super Paper Mario, or released on both consoles, such as the Wii launch game The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess.

GameCube controllers continued to be supported via backward compatibility on Nintendo's next consoles, the Wii U, and Nintendo Switch, with the GameCube controller adapter in 2014's Super Smash Bros. for Wii U and 2018's Super Smash Bros. Ultimate.

Hardware

Further information: GameCube technical specifications

Howard Cheng, technical director of Nintendo technology development, said the company's goal was to select a "simple RISC architecture" to help speed the development of games by making it easier on software developers. IGN reported that the system was "designed from the get-go to attract third-party developers by offering more power at a cheaper price. Nintendo's design document for the console specifies that cost is of utmost importance, followed by space."[15] Hardware partner ArtX's Vice President Greg Buchner stated that their guiding thought on the console's hardware design was to target the developers rather than the players, and to "look into a crystal ball" and discern "what's going to allow the Miyamoto-sans of the world to develop the best games".[12]

We thought about the developers as our main customers. In particular, for GameCube, we spent three years working with Nintendo of America and with all sorts of developers, trying to understand the challenges, needs, and problems they face. First among these is the rising cost of development. The GameCube can see high performance without too much trouble; it isn't a quirky design, but a very clean one. It was important we didn't require jumping through hoops for high performance to be achieved. On top of that, it is rich in features, and we worked to include a dream group of technical features that developers requested.

Greg Buchner, ArtX's Vice President[46]

Initiating the GameCube's design in 1998, Nintendo partnered with ArtX (then acquired by ATI Technologies during development) for the system logic and the GPU,[14] and with IBM for the CPU. IBM designed a PowerPC-based processor with custom architectural extensions for the next-generation console, known as Gekko, which runs at 486 MHz and features a floating point unit (FPU) capable of a total throughput of 1.9 GFLOPS[47] and a peak of 10.5 GFLOPS.[48] Described as "an extension of the IBM PowerPC architecture", the Gekko CPU is based on the PowerPC 750CXe with IBM's 0.18 μm CMOS technology, which features copper interconnects.[13] Codenamed Flipper, the GPU runs at 162 MHz, and in addition to graphics manages other tasks through its audio and input/output (I/O) processors.[47][49][50][51]

The GameCube is Nintendo's first console to not use primarily cartridge media, following the Famicom Data Recorder, Famicom Disk System, SNES-CD, and 64DD which represent past explorations of complementary storage technologies.[52] The GameCube introduced a proprietary miniDVD optical disc format for up to 1.5 GB of data.[53] It was designed by Matsushita Electric Industrial (now Panasonic Corporation) with a proprietary copy-protection scheme unlike the Content Scramble System (CSS) in standard DVDs.[54] The size is sufficient for most games, although a few multi-platform games require an extra disc, higher video compression, or removal of content. By comparison, the PlayStation 2 and Xbox use CDs and DVDs up to 8.5 GB.

Like its predecessor, the Nintendo 64, GameCube models were produced in several different color motifs. The system launched in "Indigo", the primary color shown in advertising and on the logo, and in "Jet Black".[55] One year later, Nintendo released a "Platinum" limited-edition GameCube, which uses a silver color scheme for both the console and controller.[56] A "Spice" orange-colored console was eventually released only in Japan, though that scheme is only on controllers released in other countries.[57]

Nintendo developed stereoscopic 3D technology for the GameCube, supported by one launch game, Luigi's Mansion. However, the feature never reached production. 3D televisions were not widespread, and it was deemed that compatible displays and crystals for the add-on accessories would be too cost-prohibitive for the consumer.[58][59][60] Two audio Easter eggs can be invoked when the power is activated with the "Z" button on the Player 1 controller held down, or with four controllers connected and holding down the "Z" buttons.[61]

Storage

 
Memory Card 59

The GameCube features two memory card ports for saving game data. Nintendo released three memory card options: Memory Card 59 in gray (512 KB), Memory Card 251 in black (2 MB), and Memory Card 1019 in white (8 MB). These are often advertised in megabits instead: 4 Mb, 16 Mb, and 64 Mb, respectively.[62] Memory cards with larger capacities were released by third-party manufacturers.[63]

Controller

Main articles: GameCube controller and WaveBird Wireless Controller
 
Indigo GameCube controller

Nintendo learned from its experiences—both positive and negative—with the Nintendo 64's three-handled controller design and chose a two-handled, "handlebar" design for the GameCube. The shape was popularized by Sony's PlayStation controller released in 1994 and its follow-up DualShock series in 1997 with vibration feedback and two analog sticks to improve the 3D experience. Nintendo and Microsoft designed similar features in the controllers for their sixth-generation consoles, but instead of having the analog sticks in parallel, they are staggered by swapping the positions of the directional pad (d-pad) and left analog stick. The GameCube controller features a total of eight buttons, two analog sticks, a d-pad, and a rumble motor. The primary analog stick is on the left with the d-pad located below and closer to the center. On the right are four buttons: a large, green "A" button in the center, a smaller red "B" button to the left, an "X" button to the right, and a "Y" button at the top. Below and to the inside is a yellow "C" analog stick, which often serves a variety of in-game functions, such as controlling the camera angle. The Start/Pause button is located in the middle, and the rumble motor is encased within the center of the controller.[64][65][66]

On the top are two "pressure-sensitive" trigger buttons marked "L" and "R". Each essentially provides two functions: one analog and one digital. As the trigger is depressed, it emits an increasing analog signal. Once fully depressed, the trigger "clicks" with a digital signal that a game can use for a separate function. There is also a purple, digital button on the right side marked "Z".[67]

The A button has a uniquely prominent size and placement, having been the primary action button in past Nintendo controller designs. The rubberized analog stick, within the overall button orientation, addresses "Nintendo thumb" pain.[68][69]

In 2002, Nintendo introduced the WaveBird Wireless Controller, the first wireless gamepad developed by a first-party console manufacturer. The RF-based wireless controller is similar in design to the standard controller. It communicates with the GameCube with a wireless receiver dongle. Powered by two AA batteries, it lacks vibration.[70]

Compatibility

 
A Platinum GameCube with a WaveBird Wireless Controller and Game Boy Player attached

The GameCube uses GameCube Game Discs, and the Game Boy Player accessory runs Game Pak cartridges for the Game Boy, Game Boy Color, and Game Boy Advance.[71] The GameCube's successor, the Wii, supports backward compatibility with GameCube controllers, memory cards, and games but not the Game Boy Player or other hardware attachments. However, later revisions of the Wii—including the "Family Edition" released in 2011 and the Wii Mini released in 2012—do not support any GameCube hardware or software.[72][73]

Panasonic Q

 
The Panasonic Q contains a DVD movie player.

The Panasonic Q[k] is a hybrid version of the GameCube with a standard DVD player, developed by Panasonic in a strategic alliance with Nintendo to develop the optical drive for the original GameCube hardware.[74] Its stainless steel case is completely revised with a DVD-sized front-loading tray, a backlit LCD screen with playback controls, and a carrying handle like the GameCube.[75] Announced by Panasonic on October 19, 2001, it was released exclusively in Japan on December 14 at a suggested retail price of ¥39,800; however, low sales resulted in Panasonic announcing the discontinuation of the Q on December 18, 2003.[74][76][77] The Q supports CDs, DVDs, and GameCube discs but there is virtually no integration between the GameCube and DVD player modes.[75][76][78][79]

Software

The GameCube is Nintendo's first home console with a system menu, activated by powering on without a valid game disc or by holding down the A button while one is loaded.[80]

Games

See also: List of GameCube games and List of cancelled GameCube games

In its lifespan from 2001 to 2007, Nintendo licensed over 600 GameCube games.[81][82] Nintendo bolstered the console's popularity[83] by creating new franchises, such as Pikmin and Animal Crossing, and renewing some that had skipped the Nintendo 64, such as with Metroid Prime. Longer standing franchises include the critically acclaimed The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker and Super Mario Sunshine, and the GameCube's best-selling game, Super Smash Bros. Melee, at 7 million copies worldwide. Other Nintendo games are successors to Nintendo 64 games, such as F-Zero GX; Mario Golf: Toadstool Tour; Mario Kart: Double Dash; Mario Party 4, 5, 6, and 7; Mario Power Tennis; and Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door. Though committed to its software library, Nintendo was still criticized for not releasing enough launch window games and by the release of Luigi's Mansion instead of a 3D Mario game.

Nintendo had struggled with its family-friendly image during the late 1990s and most of the 2000s. However, during this period, it released more video games for a mature audience with mostly successful results.[84][85][86][87] While the video game industry was focusing on more mature audiences and online connections, Nintendo regained older players who had gravitated to the PlayStation 2 and Xbox during the early 2000s.[88][89] Some games aimed at older audiences were critically and financially successful—more than on Dreamcast, and less than on PlayStation 2 and Xbox.[90] Such examples include The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess,[91][92] Super Smash Bros. Melee,[93][94] Resident Evil 4,[95][96][97][98] Metal Gear Solid: The Twin Snakes,[99][100] Killer7,[101] Star Wars Rogue Squadron II: Rogue Leader,[102] Final Fantasy Crystal Chronicles,[103][104] Resident Evil (2002),[105] Metroid Prime,[106] Metroid Prime II: Echoes,[107] Soul Calibur II,[90] Resident Evil Zero,[108] F-Zero GX,[109] Star Fox Adventures,[90] and Star Fox Assault.[110] One of the most well-known GameCube games for mature audiences is Eternal Darkness: Sanity’s Requiem, which underperformed financially, but garnered critical acclaim and is now regarded as a cult classic.[111][112][113][114]

Third-party support

Early in Nintendo's history, the company had achieved considerable success with third-party developer support on the Nintendo Entertainment System and Super NES. Competition from the Sega Genesis and Sony PlayStation in the 1990s changed the market's landscape and reduced Nintendo's ability to obtain exclusive, third-party support on the Nintendo 64. The Nintendo 64 Game Pak cartridge format increased the cost to manufacture software, as opposed to the cheaper, higher-capacity optical discs on PlayStation.[115]

With the GameCube, Nintendo intended to reverse the trend as evidenced by the number of third-party games available at launch. The new optical disc format increased game storage capacity significantly and reduced production costs. Successful exclusives include Star Wars Rogue Squadron II: Rogue Leader from Factor 5, Resident Evil 4 from Capcom, and Metal Gear Solid: The Twin Snakes from Konami. Sega discontinued its Dreamcast console to become a third-party developer, porting Dreamcast games such as Crazy Taxi and Sonic Adventure 2, and developing new franchises, such as Super Monkey Ball. Longtime Nintendo partner Rare, which had developed GoldenEye 007, Perfect Dark, Banjo-Kazooie, Conker's Bad Fur Day, and the Donkey Kong Country series, released Star Fox Adventures for GameCube, its final Nintendo game before acquisition by Microsoft in 2002. Several third-party developers were contracted to work on new games for Nintendo franchises, including Star Fox: Assault (which became a Player's Choice re-release[116]), Donkey Konga by Namco, and Wario World from Treasure.[81]

Third-party GameCube support was some of the most extensive of any Nintendo console predating the Wii.[117][118][119][120] Some third-party developers, such as Midway,[121] Namco,[122] Activision,[123] Konami,[124][125] Ubisoft,[126] THQ,[127] Disney Interactive Studios,[128] Humongous Entertainment, EA[129][130][131][132][133] and EA Sports,[134][135] continued to release GameCube games into 2007. One of the biggest third-party GameCube developers was Sega, which had quit the console hardware market to become a third-party game developer after the failure of the Dreamcast. It partnered with long-time rival Nintendo, and with Microsoft and Sony, to recuperate profits lost from the Dreamcast.[136][137][138] Sega was a successful third-party developer since the early 2000s, mostly those for the family market,[139] such as Super Monkey Ball,[140][141][142] Phantasy Star Online, Sonic Adventure, Sonic Adventure 2: Battle,[143][144][145][146][147] and Sonic Heroes.[148][149][150][151][152][153]

Online gaming

Main article: GameCube online functionality
 
GameCube has a broadband adapter and ethernet cable. ASCII Corporation produced a keyboard for Phantasy Star Online.

Nintendo's GameCube did not put heavy focus on online games earlier in the console's life. Only eight GameCube games support network connectivity, five with Internet support and three with local area network (LAN) support.[154][155] The only Internet capable games released in western territories are three role-playing games (RPGs) in Sega's Phantasy Star series: Phantasy Star Online Episode I & II, Phantasy Star Online Episode I & II Plus, and Phantasy Star Online Episode III: C.A.R.D. Revolution.[154] The official servers were decommissioned in 2007, but players can still connect to fan maintained private servers.[156][157] Japan received two additional games with Internet capabilities, a cooperative RPG, Homeland and a baseball game with downloadable content, Jikkyō Powerful Pro Yakyū 10.[154][155] Lastly, three racing games have LAN multiplayer modes: 1080° Avalanche, Kirby Air Ride, and Mario Kart: Double Dash. Those can be forced over the Internet with third-party PC software capable of tunneling the GameCube's network traffic.[158][159]

Online play requires an official broadband or modem adapter because the GameCube lacks out of the box network capabilities. Nintendo never commissioned any Internet services for GameCube, but allowed other publishers to manage custom online experiences.[160]

Reception

The GameCube received mixed reviews following its launch. PC Magazine praised the overall hardware design and quality of games available at launch.[161] CNET gave an average review rating, noting that though the console lacks a few features offered by its competition, it is relatively inexpensive, has a great controller design, and launched a decent lineup of games.[162] In later reviews, criticism mounted against the console often centering on its overall look and feel, describing it as "toy-ish".[163][164] With poor sales figures and the associated financial harm to Nintendo, a Time International article called the GameCube an "unmitigated disaster".[165]

Retrospectively, Joystiq compared the GameCube's launch window to its successor, the Wii, noting that the GameCube's "lack of games" resulted in a subpar launch, and the console's limited selection of online games damaged its market share in the long run.[166] Time International concluded that the system had low sales figures, because it lacked "technical innovations".[167]

Sales

In Japan, between 280,000 and 300,000 GameCube consoles were sold during the first three days of its sale, out of an initial shipment of 450,000 units.[168] During its launch weekend, $100 million worth of GameCube products were sold in North America.[169] The console was sold out in several stores, faster than initial sales of both of its competitors, the Xbox and the PlayStation 2.[170] Nintendo reported that the most popular launch game is Luigi's Mansion, with more sales at its launch than Super Mario 64 had.[171] Other popular games include Star Wars Rogue Squadron II: Rogue Leader and Wave Race: Blue Storm.[169] By early December 2001, 600,000 units had been sold in the US.[172]

Nintendo predicted 50 million GameCube units by 2005,[173] but only sold 22 million GameCube units worldwide during its lifespan,[8][174] placing it slightly behind the Xbox's 24 million,[175] though it did manage to outsell the Xbox in Japan,[176] and well behind the PlayStation 2's 155 million.[177] Its sales exceeded that of the Xbox 360 in Japan.[178][179][180][181] The GameCube's predecessor, the Nintendo 64, also outperformed it at nearly 33 million units.[182] It also exceeded the short-lived Dreamcast, which yielded 9.13 million units.[183] In September 2009, IGN ranked the GameCube 16th in its list of best gaming consoles of all time, placing it behind all three of its sixth-generation competitors: the PlayStation 2 (3rd), the Dreamcast (8th), and the Xbox (11th).[163] As of March 31, 2003, 9.55 million GameCube units had been sold worldwide, behind Nintendo's initial goal of 10 million consoles.[184] Two Ars Technica articles from 2006 showed that Nintendo had officially sold 24 million GameCube consoles worldwide.[185][186] Many of Nintendo's own first-party games, such as Super Smash Bros. Melee,[187][188][189] Pokémon Colosseum,[190][191][192] and Mario Kart: Double Dash,[193] had strong sales, though this did not typically benefit third-party developers or directly drive sales of their games.[194] However, at the same time, these first-party games, and second-party and third-party games, elevated the GameCube.[l]

Sales of many cross-platform games—such as sports franchises released by Electronic Arts—were far below their PlayStation 2 and Xbox counterparts, eventually prompting some developers to scale back or completely cease support for the GameCube. Exceptions include Sega's family friendly Sonic Adventure 2 and Super Monkey Ball,[199] which reportedly yielded more sales on GameCube than most of the company's games on the PlayStation 2 and Xbox.[17][200][201][202] In June 2003, Acclaim Entertainment CEO Rod Cousens said that the company would no longer support the GameCube, and criticized it as a system "that don't deliver profits". Acclaim would later rescind his claims, by saying the company would elevate support for the system.[203] This decision was made unclear after the company filed for bankruptcy in August 2004. In September 2003, Eidos Interactive announced to end support for the GameCube, as the publisher was losing money from developing for Nintendo's console. This led to several games in development being canceled for the system.[204] Eidos's CEO Mike McGravey would say that the GameCube was a "declining business". However, after the company's purchase by the SCi Entertainment Group in 2005, Eidos resumed development for the system and released Lego Star Wars: The Video Game[205] and Tomb Raider: Legend. Several third-party games originally intended to be GameCube exclusives—most notably Capcom's Viewtiful Joe and Resident Evil 4—were eventually ported to other systems in an attempt to maximize profits following lackluster sales of the original GameCube versions.

In March 2003, now-defunct UK retailer Dixons removed all GameCube consoles, accessories and games from its stores.[206] That same month, another UK retailer Argos, cut the price of the GameCube in their stores to £78.99, which was more than £50 cheaper than Nintendo's SRP for the console at the time.[207] However, in October of that year, they did eventually re-stock their supply of consoles after a price drop was ordered which caused the console sales to outpace the PlayStation 2 for a week.[208][209]

With sales sagging and millions of unsold consoles in stock, Nintendo halted GameCube production for the first nine months of 2003 to reduce surplus units.[165] Sales rebounded slightly after a price drop to US$99.99 on September 24, 2003[210] and the release of The Legend of Zelda: Collector's Edition bundle. A demo disc, the GameCube Preview Disc, was also released in a bundle in 2003.[211] Beginning with this period, GameCube sales continued to be steady, particularly in Japan, but the GameCube remained in third place in worldwide sales during the sixth-generation era because of weaker sales performance elsewhere, though its fortunes would change for the better in America and Europe.[212]

Iwata forecasted to investors that the company would sell 50 million GameCube units worldwide by March 2005, but by the end of 2006, it had only sold 21.74 million—fewer than half.[17] However, it had the highest attach rate of any Nintendo console at 9.59 and was profitable,[213][214][215] even more than Xbox with higher sales rates.[216][217]

Market share

With the GameCube, Nintendo failed to reclaim the market share lost by its predecessor, the Nintendo 64. Through its generation, GameCube hardware sales remained far behind its direct competitor the PlayStation 2, and slightly behind the Xbox, though there would be times when the GameCube would upstage its rival consoles.[218][219][220] The console's family-friendly appeal and lack of support from certain third-party developers skewed the GameCube toward a younger market, which was a minority of the gaming population during the sixth generation.[221] Many third-party games popular with teenagers or adults, such as the blockbuster Grand Theft Auto series and several key first-person shooters, skipped the GameCube entirely in favor of the PlayStation 2 and Xbox.[222][223] However, many gaming journalists and analysts from the 2000s noted that Nintendo's primary focus on younger audiences, and its family-friendly image, was the biggest advantage and disadvantage at a time when video games were aimed at more mature audiences.[m] Nintendo was successful with games aimed at a more mature audience.[233][234][235][90]

As of June 2003, the GameCube had a 13% market share, tying with the Xbox in sales but far below the 60% of the PlayStation 2.[165][236] However, with slow sales and tough competition,[237] Nintendo's position improved.[238][239] The American market share for the GameCube had gone up from 19% to 37% in one year alone due to price cuts and high-quality games.[n] By Christmas of 2003, Nintendo of America's president George Harrison reported that the company's price cuts down to just under $100 quadrupled sales in the American market.[249][250][251] GameCube's profitability never reached that of the PlayStation 2 or Game Boy Advance.[252][253][254] However, it was more profitable than the Xbox.[255]

GameCube's first two years had slow sales and struggles, and by 2004 and 2005 vastly improved to a 32% share of the hardware market in Europe.[256][257] Due to price drops, which saved it in the American markets,[258] and high-quality games from various developers, such as Pokémon Colosseum and Resident Evil 4,[259][260] the GameCube improved to put Xbox down to third place.[261][262][263][264][265] The top three European countries for GameCube success included the UK, France, and Germany, and modestly in Spain and Italy.[o] Though falling behind the PlayStation 2 in Europe, the GameCube was successful and profitable there.[270]

Legacy

Many games that debuted on the GameCube, including the Pikmin series, Chibi-Robo!, Metroid Prime, and Luigi's Mansion became popular and profitable Nintendo franchises or subseries.[p]

GameCube controllers have limited support on Wii U and Switch, to play Super Smash Bros. for Wii U, and Super Smash Bros. Ultimate respectively, via a USB adapter.[277][278]

Regarding concerns about the correlation between violence and video games, a 2009 study by Iowa State University found that certain games like Super Mario Sunshine and Chibi-Robo!, which were GameCube exclusives, would help players learn positive skills about helping others, empathy, and cooperation.[q]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Codename
  2. ^ Requires the Game Boy Player accessory and boot disc
  3. ^ 16 MB max. capacity
  4. ^ NTSC consoles only
  5. ^ PAL consoles only
  6. ^ NTSC consoles only, requires the use of the Digital AV port, which was removed from later models after DOL-001
  7. ^ Dolby Pro Logic II
  8. ^ as of March 10, 2008[11]
  9. ^ Japanese: ニンテンドー ゲームキューブ, Hepburn: Nintendō Gēmukyūbu
  10. ^ GameCube is shortened from Nintendo GameCube, which is also abbreviated as both NGC and GC in Japan and GCN in Europe and North America.
  11. ^ Japanese: パナソニックQ, Hepburn: Panasonikku Kyū
  12. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[191][193][195][196][197][198]
  13. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[224][225][226][227][228][229][230][231][232]
  14. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[240][241][242][243][244][245][246][247][248]
  15. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[257][266][267][268][269]
  16. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[271][272][273][274][275][276]
  17. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[279][280][281][282][283][284][285]

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January 26, 2023
gamecube, home, video, game, console, developed, released, nintendo, japan, september, 2001, north, america, november, 2001, territories, 2002, successor, nintendo, 1996, predecessor, 2006, sixth, generation, video, game, consoles, competed, with, sony, playst. The GameCube i j is a home video game console developed and released by Nintendo in Japan on September 14 2001 in North America on November 18 2001 and in PAL territories in 2002 It is the successor to the Nintendo 64 1996 and predecessor of the Wii 2006 In the sixth generation of video game consoles the GameCube competed with Sony s PlayStation 2 and Microsoft s Xbox Flagship games include Super Smash Bros Melee Luigi s Mansion Super Mario Sunshine Metroid Prime Mario Kart Double Dash Pikmin Pikmin 2 The Legend of Zelda The Wind Waker Chibi Robo and Animal Crossing GameCubeAn indigo controller and GameCubeAlso known asDolphin a DeveloperNintendoManufacturerNintendo FoxconnTypeHome video game consoleGenerationSixthRelease dateJP September 14 2001 2 NA November 18 2001 1 EU May 3 2002 3 AU May 17 2002 4 Lifespan2001 2001 2007 2007 Introductory price 199 5 129 6 199 7 DiscontinuedWW 2007Units soldWorldwide 21 75 million Americas 12 94 million Japan 4 04 million Other regions 4 77 million 8 details MediaGameCube Game Disc Game Pak b Operating systemProprietaryCPU32 bit IBM PowerPC 750CXe Gekko 486 MHzMemory24 MB of 1T SRAM 324MHz as system RAM 3 MB of embedded 1T SRAM as video RAM 16 MB of DRAM as I O buffer RAMRemovable storageGameCube Memory Card c DisplayVideo output formats Composite videoS Video d RGB SCART e YPBPR component video d terminal f GraphicsATI Flipper GPU 162 MHz with 3MB embedded 1T SRAMSoundAnalog stereo g Controller inputGameCube controller WaveBird GBA variousConnectivityEthernet and dialupPower46 watt AC adapter DOL 001 48 watt AC adapter DOL 101 Online servicesLAN Phantasy Star Online 9 Homeland GameCube online functionalityDimensions150 161 110 mm 10 5 9 6 3 4 3 in width depth height Mass1 400 g 3 1 lb 10 Best selling gameSuper Smash Bros Melee 7 09 million h BackwardcompatibilitySelect Game Boy Game Boy Color and Game Boy Advance games via Game Boy PlayerPredecessorNintendo 64SuccessorWiiWebsiteOfficial websiteDevelopment was enabled by the 1997 formation of computer graphics company ArtX of former SGI employees who had created the Nintendo 64 and which was later acquired by ATI to produce the GameCube s GPU In May 1999 Nintendo announced codename Dolphin released in 2001 as the GameCube It is Nintendo s first console to use optical discs instead of ROM cartridges supplemented by writable memory cards for saved games Unlike its competitors it is solely focused on gaming and does not play mass media like DVD or CD The console supports limited online gaming for a few games via a GameCube broadband or modem adapter and can connect to a Game Boy Advance with a link cable for exclusive in game features using the handheld as a second screen and controller The GameCube supports e Reader cards to unlock special features in a few games The Game Boy Player add on runs Game Boy Game Boy Color and Game Boy Advance cartridge games Reception of the GameCube was mixed It was praised for its controller and extensive library of high quality games but was criticized for its exterior design and lack of multimedia features Nintendo sold 21 74 million GameCube units worldwide much fewer than anticipated and discontinued it in 2007 It was succeeded by the Wii the first model launched in November 2006 with full backward compatibility with GameCube games and accessories Contents 1 History 1 1 Background 1 2 Development 1 3 Release 1 4 Discontinuation 2 Hardware 2 1 Storage 2 2 Controller 2 3 Compatibility 2 4 Panasonic Q 3 Software 4 Games 4 1 Third party support 4 2 Online gaming 5 Reception 5 1 Sales 5 2 Market share 5 3 Legacy 6 See also 7 Notes 8 References 9 External linksHistory EditBackground Edit In 1997 a graphics hardware design company called ArtX was launched with twenty engineers who had previously worked at SGI ArtX was led by Wei Yen who had been SGI s head of Nintendo Operations and of Project Reality which from 1993 to 1996 had scaled SGI s supercomputer design down to become the Nintendo 64 12 13 Development Edit Partnering with Nintendo in May 1998 ArtX began the complete design of the system logic and graphics processor codenamed Flipper 14 of Nintendo s sixth generation video game console The console s succession of codenames was N2000 15 Star Cube and Nintendo Advance 16 On May 12 1999 the console was first publicly announced at Nintendo s press conference with the codename Dolphin as the successor to the Nintendo 64 This included strategic alliances with IBM to create Dolphin s PowerPC based CPU codenamed Gekko and with Panasonic Matsushita to create its DVD drive and its own Dolphin based devices 17 13 18 Nintendo then began providing development kits to game developers such as Rare and Retro Studios 17 In April 2000 ArtX was acquired by ATI whereupon the Flipper graphics processor design had already been mostly completed by ArtX and was not overtly influenced by ATI 12 14 In total ArtX cofounder Greg Buchner recalled that their portion of the console s hardware design timeline had arced from inception in 1998 to completion in 2000 12 Of the ArtX acquisition an ATI spokesperson said ATI now becomes a major supplier to the game console market via Nintendo The Dolphin platform is reputed to be king of the hill in terms of graphics and video performance with 128 bit architecture 19 The console was announced as the GameCube at a press conference in Japan on August 25 2000 20 abbreviated as both NGC and GC in Japan 21 22 and GCN in Europe and North America 23 Nintendo unveiled its software lineup for the sixth generation console at E3 2001 focusing on fifteen launch games including Luigi s Mansion and Star Wars Rogue Squadron II Rogue Leader 24 Several games originally scheduled to launch with the console were delayed 25 It is also the first Nintendo home console since the Famicom not to have a Mario launch game 26 Long before the console s launch Nintendo had developed and patented an early prototype of motion controls for the GameCube with which developer Factor 5 had experimented for its launch games 27 17 Greg Thomas Sega of America s VP of Development said What does worry me is Dolphin s sensory controllers which are rumored to include microphones and headphone jacks because there s an example of someone thinking about something different These motion control concepts would not be deployed to consumers for several years until the Wii Remote 17 Prior to the GameCube s release Nintendo focused resources on the launch of the Game Boy Advance a handheld game console and successor to the original Game Boy and Game Boy Color As a result several games originally destined for the Nintendo 64 console were postponed to become early releases on the GameCube The last first party game in 2001 for the Nintendo 64 was released in May one month before the Game Boy Advance s launch and six months before the GameCube s due to the company s shift in resources Concurrently Nintendo was developing GameCube software provisioning future connectivity with the Game Boy Advance Certain games such as The Legend of Zelda Four Swords Adventures and Final Fantasy Crystal Chronicles can use the handheld as a secondary screen and controller when connected to the console via a link cable 28 29 Nintendo began its marketing campaign with the catchphrase The Nintendo Difference at its E3 2001 reveal 24 The goal was to distinguish itself from the competition as an entertainment company 30 Later advertisements have the slogan Born to Play and game ads feature a rotating cube animation that morphs into a GameCube logo and end with a voice whispering GameCube 31 32 On May 21 2001 the console s launch price of US 199 was announced 100 lower than that of the PlayStation 2 and Xbox 33 Nintendo spent 76 million marketing the GameCube 34 In September 2020 leaked documents included Nintendo s plans for a GameCube model that would be both portable with a built in display and dockable to a TV similar to its later console the Nintendo Switch 35 36 Other leaks suggest plans for a GameCube successor codenamed Tako with HD graphics and slots for SD and memory cards apparently resulting from a partnership with ATI now AMD and scheduled for release in 2005 37 Release Edit The GameCube was launched in Japan on September 14 2001 38 Approximately 500 000 units were shipped in time to retailers 39 The console was scheduled to launch two months later in North America on November 5 2001 but the date was pushed back in an effort to increase the number of available units 40 The console eventually launched in North America on November 18 2001 with over 700 000 units shipped to the region 1 Other regions followed suit the following year beginning with Europe in the second quarter of 2002 41 On April 22 2002 veteran third party Nintendo console developer Factor 5 announced its 3D audio software development kit titled MusyX In collaboration with Dolby Laboratories MusyX provides motion based surround sound encoded as Dolby Pro Logic II 42 The Triforce arcade board is a joint development between Nintendo Namco and Sega based on the GameCube s design 43 Its games include Mario Kart Arcade GP and F Zero AX Discontinuation Edit Nintendo launched the Wii the home console successor to the GameCube on November 19 2006 in North America and in December 2006 in other regions In February 2007 Nintendo announced that it had ceased first party support for the GameCube and that the console had been discontinued as it was shifting its manufacturing and development efforts towards the Wii and Nintendo DS 44 45 GameCube controllers game discs and certain accessories continued to be supported via the Wii s backward compatibility although this feature was removed in later iterations of the Wii console Several games originally developed for the GameCube were either reworked for a Wii release such as Super Paper Mario or released on both consoles such as the Wii launch game The Legend of Zelda Twilight Princess GameCube controllers continued to be supported via backward compatibility on Nintendo s next consoles the Wii U and Nintendo Switch with the GameCube controller adapter in 2014 s Super Smash Bros for Wii U and 2018 s Super Smash Bros Ultimate Hardware EditFurther information GameCube technical specifications Howard Cheng technical director of Nintendo technology development said the company s goal was to select a simple RISC architecture to help speed the development of games by making it easier on software developers IGN reported that the system was designed from the get go to attract third party developers by offering more power at a cheaper price Nintendo s design document for the console specifies that cost is of utmost importance followed by space 15 Hardware partner ArtX s Vice President Greg Buchner stated that their guiding thought on the console s hardware design was to target the developers rather than the players and to look into a crystal ball and discern what s going to allow the Miyamoto sans of the world to develop the best games 12 We thought about the developers as our main customers In particular for GameCube we spent three years working with Nintendo of America and with all sorts of developers trying to understand the challenges needs and problems they face First among these is the rising cost of development The GameCube can see high performance without too much trouble it isn t a quirky design but a very clean one It was important we didn t require jumping through hoops for high performance to be achieved On top of that it is rich in features and we worked to include a dream group of technical features that developers requested Greg Buchner ArtX s Vice President 46 Initiating the GameCube s design in 1998 Nintendo partnered with ArtX then acquired by ATI Technologies during development for the system logic and the GPU 14 and with IBM for the CPU IBM designed a PowerPC based processor with custom architectural extensions for the next generation console known as Gekko which runs at 486 MHz and features a floating point unit FPU capable of a total throughput of 1 9 GFLOPS 47 and a peak of 10 5 GFLOPS 48 Described as an extension of the IBM PowerPC architecture the Gekko CPU is based on the PowerPC 750CXe with IBM s 0 18 mm CMOS technology which features copper interconnects 13 Codenamed Flipper the GPU runs at 162 MHz and in addition to graphics manages other tasks through its audio and input output I O processors 47 49 50 51 The GameCube is Nintendo s first console to not use primarily cartridge media following the Famicom Data Recorder Famicom Disk System SNES CD and 64DD which represent past explorations of complementary storage technologies 52 The GameCube introduced a proprietary miniDVD optical disc format for up to 1 5 GB of data 53 It was designed by Matsushita Electric Industrial now Panasonic Corporation with a proprietary copy protection scheme unlike the Content Scramble System CSS in standard DVDs 54 The size is sufficient for most games although a few multi platform games require an extra disc higher video compression or removal of content By comparison the PlayStation 2 and Xbox use CDs and DVDs up to 8 5 GB Like its predecessor the Nintendo 64 GameCube models were produced in several different color motifs The system launched in Indigo the primary color shown in advertising and on the logo and in Jet Black 55 One year later Nintendo released a Platinum limited edition GameCube which uses a silver color scheme for both the console and controller 56 A Spice orange colored console was eventually released only in Japan though that scheme is only on controllers released in other countries 57 Nintendo developed stereoscopic 3D technology for the GameCube supported by one launch game Luigi s Mansion However the feature never reached production 3D televisions were not widespread and it was deemed that compatible displays and crystals for the add on accessories would be too cost prohibitive for the consumer 58 59 60 Two audio Easter eggs can be invoked when the power is activated with the Z button on the Player 1 controller held down or with four controllers connected and holding down the Z buttons 61 Storage Edit Memory Card 59 The GameCube features two memory card ports for saving game data Nintendo released three memory card options Memory Card 59 in gray 512 KB Memory Card 251 in black 2 MB and Memory Card 1019 in white 8 MB These are often advertised in megabits instead 4 Mb 16 Mb and 64 Mb respectively 62 Memory cards with larger capacities were released by third party manufacturers 63 Controller Edit Main articles GameCube controller and WaveBird Wireless Controller Indigo GameCube controller Nintendo learned from its experiences both positive and negative with the Nintendo 64 s three handled controller design and chose a two handled handlebar design for the GameCube The shape was popularized by Sony s PlayStation controller released in 1994 and its follow up DualShock series in 1997 with vibration feedback and two analog sticks to improve the 3D experience Nintendo and Microsoft designed similar features in the controllers for their sixth generation consoles but instead of having the analog sticks in parallel they are staggered by swapping the positions of the directional pad d pad and left analog stick The GameCube controller features a total of eight buttons two analog sticks a d pad and a rumble motor The primary analog stick is on the left with the d pad located below and closer to the center On the right are four buttons a large green A button in the center a smaller red B button to the left an X button to the right and a Y button at the top Below and to the inside is a yellow C analog stick which often serves a variety of in game functions such as controlling the camera angle The Start Pause button is located in the middle and the rumble motor is encased within the center of the controller 64 65 66 On the top are two pressure sensitive trigger buttons marked L and R Each essentially provides two functions one analog and one digital As the trigger is depressed it emits an increasing analog signal Once fully depressed the trigger clicks with a digital signal that a game can use for a separate function There is also a purple digital button on the right side marked Z 67 The A button has a uniquely prominent size and placement having been the primary action button in past Nintendo controller designs The rubberized analog stick within the overall button orientation addresses Nintendo thumb pain 68 69 In 2002 Nintendo introduced the WaveBird Wireless Controller the first wireless gamepad developed by a first party console manufacturer The RF based wireless controller is similar in design to the standard controller It communicates with the GameCube with a wireless receiver dongle Powered by two AA batteries it lacks vibration 70 Compatibility Edit A Platinum GameCube with a WaveBird Wireless Controller and Game Boy Player attached The GameCube uses GameCube Game Discs and the Game Boy Player accessory runs Game Pak cartridges for the Game Boy Game Boy Color and Game Boy Advance 71 The GameCube s successor the Wii supports backward compatibility with GameCube controllers memory cards and games but not the Game Boy Player or other hardware attachments However later revisions of the Wii including the Family Edition released in 2011 and the Wii Mini released in 2012 do not support any GameCube hardware or software 72 73 Panasonic Q Edit The Panasonic Q contains a DVD movie player The Panasonic Q k is a hybrid version of the GameCube with a standard DVD player developed by Panasonic in a strategic alliance with Nintendo to develop the optical drive for the original GameCube hardware 74 Its stainless steel case is completely revised with a DVD sized front loading tray a backlit LCD screen with playback controls and a carrying handle like the GameCube 75 Announced by Panasonic on October 19 2001 it was released exclusively in Japan on December 14 at a suggested retail price of 39 800 however low sales resulted in Panasonic announcing the discontinuation of the Q on December 18 2003 74 76 77 The Q supports CDs DVDs and GameCube discs but there is virtually no integration between the GameCube and DVD player modes 75 76 78 79 Software EditThe GameCube is Nintendo s first home console with a system menu activated by powering on without a valid game disc or by holding down the A button while one is loaded 80 Games EditSee also List of GameCube games and List of cancelled GameCube games In its lifespan from 2001 to 2007 Nintendo licensed over 600 GameCube games 81 82 Nintendo bolstered the console s popularity 83 by creating new franchises such as Pikmin and Animal Crossing and renewing some that had skipped the Nintendo 64 such as with Metroid Prime Longer standing franchises include the critically acclaimed The Legend of Zelda The Wind Waker and Super Mario Sunshine and the GameCube s best selling game Super Smash Bros Melee at 7 million copies worldwide Other Nintendo games are successors to Nintendo 64 games such as F Zero GX Mario Golf Toadstool Tour Mario Kart Double Dash Mario Party 4 5 6 and 7 Mario Power Tennis and Paper Mario The Thousand Year Door Though committed to its software library Nintendo was still criticized for not releasing enough launch window games and by the release of Luigi s Mansion instead of a 3D Mario game Nintendo had struggled with its family friendly image during the late 1990s and most of the 2000s However during this period it released more video games for a mature audience with mostly successful results 84 85 86 87 While the video game industry was focusing on more mature audiences and online connections Nintendo regained older players who had gravitated to the PlayStation 2 and Xbox during the early 2000s 88 89 Some games aimed at older audiences were critically and financially successful more than on Dreamcast and less than on PlayStation 2 and Xbox 90 Such examples include The Legend of Zelda Twilight Princess 91 92 Super Smash Bros Melee 93 94 Resident Evil 4 95 96 97 98 Metal Gear Solid The Twin Snakes 99 100 Killer7 101 Star Wars Rogue Squadron II Rogue Leader 102 Final Fantasy Crystal Chronicles 103 104 Resident Evil 2002 105 Metroid Prime 106 Metroid Prime II Echoes 107 Soul Calibur II 90 Resident Evil Zero 108 F Zero GX 109 Star Fox Adventures 90 and Star Fox Assault 110 One of the most well known GameCube games for mature audiences is Eternal Darkness Sanity s Requiem which underperformed financially but garnered critical acclaim and is now regarded as a cult classic 111 112 113 114 Third party support Edit Early in Nintendo s history the company had achieved considerable success with third party developer support on the Nintendo Entertainment System and Super NES Competition from the Sega Genesis and Sony PlayStation in the 1990s changed the market s landscape and reduced Nintendo s ability to obtain exclusive third party support on the Nintendo 64 The Nintendo 64 Game Pak cartridge format increased the cost to manufacture software as opposed to the cheaper higher capacity optical discs on PlayStation 115 With the GameCube Nintendo intended to reverse the trend as evidenced by the number of third party games available at launch The new optical disc format increased game storage capacity significantly and reduced production costs Successful exclusives include Star Wars Rogue Squadron II Rogue Leader from Factor 5 Resident Evil 4 from Capcom and Metal Gear Solid The Twin Snakes from Konami Sega discontinued its Dreamcast console to become a third party developer porting Dreamcast games such as Crazy Taxi and Sonic Adventure 2 and developing new franchises such as Super Monkey Ball Longtime Nintendo partner Rare which had developed GoldenEye 007 Perfect Dark Banjo Kazooie Conker s Bad Fur Day and the Donkey Kong Country series released Star Fox Adventures for GameCube its final Nintendo game before acquisition by Microsoft in 2002 Several third party developers were contracted to work on new games for Nintendo franchises including Star Fox Assault which became a Player s Choice re release 116 Donkey Konga by Namco and Wario World from Treasure 81 Third party GameCube support was some of the most extensive of any Nintendo console predating the Wii 117 118 119 120 Some third party developers such as Midway 121 Namco 122 Activision 123 Konami 124 125 Ubisoft 126 THQ 127 Disney Interactive Studios 128 Humongous Entertainment EA 129 130 131 132 133 and EA Sports 134 135 continued to release GameCube games into 2007 One of the biggest third party GameCube developers was Sega which had quit the console hardware market to become a third party game developer after the failure of the Dreamcast It partnered with long time rival Nintendo and with Microsoft and Sony to recuperate profits lost from the Dreamcast 136 137 138 Sega was a successful third party developer since the early 2000s mostly those for the family market 139 such as Super Monkey Ball 140 141 142 Phantasy Star Online Sonic Adventure Sonic Adventure 2 Battle 143 144 145 146 147 and Sonic Heroes 148 149 150 151 152 153 Online gaming Edit Main article GameCube online functionality GameCube has a broadband adapter and ethernet cable ASCII Corporation produced a keyboard for Phantasy Star Online Nintendo s GameCube did not put heavy focus on online games earlier in the console s life Only eight GameCube games support network connectivity five with Internet support and three with local area network LAN support 154 155 The only Internet capable games released in western territories are three role playing games RPGs in Sega s Phantasy Star series Phantasy Star Online Episode I amp II Phantasy Star Online Episode I amp II Plus and Phantasy Star Online Episode III C A R D Revolution 154 The official servers were decommissioned in 2007 but players can still connect to fan maintained private servers 156 157 Japan received two additional games with Internet capabilities a cooperative RPG Homeland and a baseball game with downloadable content Jikkyō Powerful Pro Yakyu 10 154 155 Lastly three racing games have LAN multiplayer modes 1080 Avalanche Kirby Air Ride and Mario Kart Double Dash Those can be forced over the Internet with third party PC software capable of tunneling the GameCube s network traffic 158 159 Online play requires an official broadband or modem adapter because the GameCube lacks out of the box network capabilities Nintendo never commissioned any Internet services for GameCube but allowed other publishers to manage custom online experiences 160 Reception EditThe GameCube received mixed reviews following its launch PC Magazine praised the overall hardware design and quality of games available at launch 161 CNET gave an average review rating noting that though the console lacks a few features offered by its competition it is relatively inexpensive has a great controller design and launched a decent lineup of games 162 In later reviews criticism mounted against the console often centering on its overall look and feel describing it as toy ish 163 164 With poor sales figures and the associated financial harm to Nintendo a Time International article called the GameCube an unmitigated disaster 165 Retrospectively Joystiq compared the GameCube s launch window to its successor the Wii noting that the GameCube s lack of games resulted in a subpar launch and the console s limited selection of online games damaged its market share in the long run 166 Time International concluded that the system had low sales figures because it lacked technical innovations 167 Sales Edit In Japan between 280 000 and 300 000 GameCube consoles were sold during the first three days of its sale out of an initial shipment of 450 000 units 168 During its launch weekend 100 million worth of GameCube products were sold in North America 169 The console was sold out in several stores faster than initial sales of both of its competitors the Xbox and the PlayStation 2 170 Nintendo reported that the most popular launch game is Luigi s Mansion with more sales at its launch than Super Mario 64 had 171 Other popular games include Star Wars Rogue Squadron II Rogue Leader and Wave Race Blue Storm 169 By early December 2001 600 000 units had been sold in the US 172 Nintendo predicted 50 million GameCube units by 2005 173 but only sold 22 million GameCube units worldwide during its lifespan 8 174 placing it slightly behind the Xbox s 24 million 175 though it did manage to outsell the Xbox in Japan 176 and well behind the PlayStation 2 s 155 million 177 Its sales exceeded that of the Xbox 360 in Japan 178 179 180 181 The GameCube s predecessor the Nintendo 64 also outperformed it at nearly 33 million units 182 It also exceeded the short lived Dreamcast which yielded 9 13 million units 183 In September 2009 IGN ranked the GameCube 16th in its list of best gaming consoles of all time placing it behind all three of its sixth generation competitors the PlayStation 2 3rd the Dreamcast 8th and the Xbox 11th 163 As of March 31 2003 9 55 million GameCube units had been sold worldwide behind Nintendo s initial goal of 10 million consoles 184 Two Ars Technica articles from 2006 showed that Nintendo had officially sold 24 million GameCube consoles worldwide 185 186 Many of Nintendo s own first party games such as Super Smash Bros Melee 187 188 189 Pokemon Colosseum 190 191 192 and Mario Kart Double Dash 193 had strong sales though this did not typically benefit third party developers or directly drive sales of their games 194 However at the same time these first party games and second party and third party games elevated the GameCube l Sales of many cross platform games such as sports franchises released by Electronic Arts were far below their PlayStation 2 and Xbox counterparts eventually prompting some developers to scale back or completely cease support for the GameCube Exceptions include Sega s family friendly Sonic Adventure 2 and Super Monkey Ball 199 which reportedly yielded more sales on GameCube than most of the company s games on the PlayStation 2 and Xbox 17 200 201 202 In June 2003 Acclaim Entertainment CEO Rod Cousens said that the company would no longer support the GameCube and criticized it as a system that don t deliver profits Acclaim would later rescind his claims by saying the company would elevate support for the system 203 This decision was made unclear after the company filed for bankruptcy in August 2004 In September 2003 Eidos Interactive announced to end support for the GameCube as the publisher was losing money from developing for Nintendo s console This led to several games in development being canceled for the system 204 Eidos s CEO Mike McGravey would say that the GameCube was a declining business However after the company s purchase by the SCi Entertainment Group in 2005 Eidos resumed development for the system and released Lego Star Wars The Video Game 205 and Tomb Raider Legend Several third party games originally intended to be GameCube exclusives most notably Capcom s Viewtiful Joe and Resident Evil 4 were eventually ported to other systems in an attempt to maximize profits following lackluster sales of the original GameCube versions In March 2003 now defunct UK retailer Dixons removed all GameCube consoles accessories and games from its stores 206 That same month another UK retailer Argos cut the price of the GameCube in their stores to 78 99 which was more than 50 cheaper than Nintendo s SRP for the console at the time 207 However in October of that year they did eventually re stock their supply of consoles after a price drop was ordered which caused the console sales to outpace the PlayStation 2 for a week 208 209 With sales sagging and millions of unsold consoles in stock Nintendo halted GameCube production for the first nine months of 2003 to reduce surplus units 165 Sales rebounded slightly after a price drop to US 99 99 on September 24 2003 210 and the release of The Legend of Zelda Collector s Edition bundle A demo disc the GameCube Preview Disc was also released in a bundle in 2003 211 Beginning with this period GameCube sales continued to be steady particularly in Japan but the GameCube remained in third place in worldwide sales during the sixth generation era because of weaker sales performance elsewhere though its fortunes would change for the better in America and Europe 212 Iwata forecasted to investors that the company would sell 50 million GameCube units worldwide by March 2005 but by the end of 2006 it had only sold 21 74 million fewer than half 17 However it had the highest attach rate of any Nintendo console at 9 59 and was profitable 213 214 215 even more than Xbox with higher sales rates 216 217 Market share Edit With the GameCube Nintendo failed to reclaim the market share lost by its predecessor the Nintendo 64 Through its generation GameCube hardware sales remained far behind its direct competitor the PlayStation 2 and slightly behind the Xbox though there would be times when the GameCube would upstage its rival consoles 218 219 220 The console s family friendly appeal and lack of support from certain third party developers skewed the GameCube toward a younger market which was a minority of the gaming population during the sixth generation 221 Many third party games popular with teenagers or adults such as the blockbuster Grand Theft Auto series and several key first person shooters skipped the GameCube entirely in favor of the PlayStation 2 and Xbox 222 223 However many gaming journalists and analysts from the 2000s noted that Nintendo s primary focus on younger audiences and its family friendly image was the biggest advantage and disadvantage at a time when video games were aimed at more mature audiences m Nintendo was successful with games aimed at a more mature audience 233 234 235 90 As of June 2003 update the GameCube had a 13 market share tying with the Xbox in sales but far below the 60 of the PlayStation 2 165 236 However with slow sales and tough competition 237 Nintendo s position improved 238 239 The American market share for the GameCube had gone up from 19 to 37 in one year alone due to price cuts and high quality games n By Christmas of 2003 Nintendo of America s president George Harrison reported that the company s price cuts down to just under 100 quadrupled sales in the American market 249 250 251 GameCube s profitability never reached that of the PlayStation 2 or Game Boy Advance 252 253 254 However it was more profitable than the Xbox 255 GameCube s first two years had slow sales and struggles and by 2004 and 2005 vastly improved to a 32 share of the hardware market in Europe 256 257 Due to price drops which saved it in the American markets 258 and high quality games from various developers such as Pokemon Colosseum and Resident Evil 4 259 260 the GameCube improved to put Xbox down to third place 261 262 263 264 265 The top three European countries for GameCube success included the UK France and Germany and modestly in Spain and Italy o Though falling behind the PlayStation 2 in Europe the GameCube was successful and profitable there 270 Legacy Edit Many games that debuted on the GameCube including the Pikmin series Chibi Robo Metroid Prime and Luigi s Mansion became popular and profitable Nintendo franchises or subseries p GameCube controllers have limited support on Wii U and Switch to play Super Smash Bros for Wii U and Super Smash Bros Ultimate respectively via a USB adapter 277 278 Regarding concerns about the correlation between violence and video games a 2009 study by Iowa State University found that certain games like Super Mario Sunshine and Chibi Robo which were GameCube exclusives would help players learn positive skills about helping others empathy and cooperation q See also EditDolphin emulator GameCube accessoriesNotes Edit Codename Requires the Game Boy Player accessory and boot disc 16 MB max capacity NTSC consoles only PAL consoles only NTSC consoles only requires the use of the Digital AV port which was removed from later models after DOL 001 Dolby Pro Logic II as of March 10 2008 update 11 Japanese ニンテンドー ゲームキューブ Hepburn Nintendō Gemukyubu GameCube is shortened from Nintendo GameCube which is also abbreviated as both NGC and GC in Japan and GCN in Europe and North America Japanese パナソニックQ Hepburn Panasonikku Kyu Attributed to multiple references 191 193 195 196 197 198 Attributed to multiple references 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 Attributed to multiple references 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 Attributed to multiple references 257 266 267 268 269 Attributed to multiple references 271 272 273 274 275 276 Attributed to multiple references 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 References Edit a b Becker David November 29 2001 Nintendo Reports Record GameCube Launch CNET Archived from the original on October 1 2013 Retrieved July 8 2013 Williams Martyn August 24 2001 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Commons has media related to GameCube Official website Nintendo GameCube at the Wayback Machine archived May 1 2008 Portals Electronics Video games 1990s 2000s Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title GameCube amp oldid 1134391776, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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