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Wikipedia

Blender (software)

January 01, 1970

This article is about the 3D graphics software. For the kitchen and laboratory appliance, see Blender.

Blender is a free and open-source 3D computer graphics software tool set used for creating animated films, visual effects, art, 3D-printed models, motion graphics, interactive 3D applications, virtual reality, and, formerly, video games. Blender's features include 3D modelling, UV mapping, texturing, digital drawing, raster graphics editing, rigging and skinning, fluid and smoke simulation, particle simulation, soft body simulation, sculpting, animation, match moving, rendering, motion graphics, video editing, and compositing.

Blender
The logo designed by Ton Roosendaal
Blender version 3.5.0 (2023)
Original author(s)Ton Roosendaal
Developer(s)Blender Foundation, community
Initial releaseJanuary 2, 1994; 30 years ago (1994-01-02)[1]
Stable release
4.1.0[2]  / 26 March 2024; 32 days ago (26 March 2024)
Preview release
4.2.0 / February 7, 2024; 2 months ago (2024-02-07)
Repository
  • projects.blender.org/blender/blender.git
Written inC, C++, and Python
Operating systemLinux, macOS, Windows,[3] BSD,[4][5][6][7] Haiku[8]
Size193–305 MiB (varies by operating system)[9][10]
Available in36 languages
List of languages
Abkhaz, Arabic, Basque, Brazilian Portuguese, Castilian Spanish, Catalan, Croatian, Czech, Dutch, English (official), Esperanto, French, German, Hausa, Hebrew, Hindi, Hungarian, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Kyrgyz, Persian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Serbian, Simplified Chinese, Slovak, Spanish, Swedish, Thai, Traditional Chinese, Turkish, Ukrainian, Vietnamese
Type3D computer graphics software
LicenseGPL-2.0 or later[11]
Websitewww.blender.org
Blender 3.6.0 LTS splash screen

History edit

 
A Cube in Blender (version 3.6.2)

Blender was initially developed as an in-house application by the Dutch animation studio NeoGeo, and was officially launched on January 2, 1994.[12] Version 1.00 was released in January 1995,[13] with the primary author being company co-owner and software developer Ton Roosendaal. The name Blender was inspired by a song by the Swiss electronic band Yello, from the album Baby, which NeoGeo used in its showreel.[14][15][16] Some design choices and experiences for Blender were carried over from an earlier software application, called Traces, that Roosendaal developed for NeoGeo on the Commodore Amiga platform during the 1987–1991 period.[17]

On January 1, 1998, Blender was released publicly online as SGI freeware.[1] NeoGeo was later dissolved, and its client contracts were taken over by another company. After NeoGeo's dissolution, Ton Roosendaal founded Not a Number Technologies (NaN) in June 1998 to further develop Blender, initially distributing it as shareware until NaN went bankrupt in 2002. This also resulted in the discontinuation of Blender's development.[18]

In May 2002, Roosendaal started the non-profit Blender Foundation, with the first goal to find a way to continue developing and promoting Blender as a community-based open-source project. On July 18, 2002, Roosendaal started the "Free Blender" campaign, a crowdfunding precursor.[19][20] The campaign aimed at open-sourcing Blender for a one-time payment of €100,000 (US$100,670 at the time), with the money being collected from the community.[21] On September 7, 2002, it was announced that they had collected enough funds and would release the Blender source code. Today, Blender is free and open-source software, largely developed by its community as well as 26 full-time employees and 12 freelancers employed by the Blender Institute.[22]

The Blender Foundation initially reserved the right to use dual licensing so that, in addition to GPL 2.0-or-later, Blender would have been available also under the "Blender License", which did not require disclosing source code but required payments to the Blender Foundation. However, this option was never exercised and was suspended indefinitely in 2005.[23] Blender is solely available under "GNU GPLv2 or any later" and was not updated to the GPLv3, as "no evident benefits" were seen.[24]

In 2019, with the release of version 2.80, the integrated game engine for making and prototyping video games was removed; Blender's developers recommended that users migrate to more powerful open source game engines such as Godot instead.[25][26]

Suzanne edit

 
Preset Low poly 3D mesh

In February 2002, the fate of the Blender software company, NaN, became evident as it faced imminent closure in March. Nevertheless, one more release was pushed out, Blender 2.25. As a sort of Easter egg and last personal tag, the artists and developers decided to add a 3D model of a chimpanzee head (called a "monkey" in the software). It was created by Willem-Paul van Overbruggen (SLiD3), who named it Suzanne the monkey after the orangutan in the Kevin Smith film Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back.[27]

Suzanne is Blender's alternative to more common test models such as the Utah Teapot and the Stanford Bunny. A low-polygon model with only 500 faces, Suzanne is included in Blender and often used as a quick and easy way to test materials, animations, rigs, textures, and lighting setups. It is as easily added to a scene as primitives such as a cube or plane.[28]

The largest Blender contest gives out an award called the Suzanne Award[29] underscoring the significance of this unique 3D model in the Blender community.

Release history edit

The following table lists notable developments during Blender's release history: green indicates the current version, yellow indicates currently supported versions, and red indicates versions that are no longer supported (though many later versions can still be used on modern systems).[citation needed]

Version Release date[30] Notes and key changes
Old version, no longer maintained: 1.00 January 1994 Blender in development.[31]
Old version, no longer maintained: 1.23 January 1998 SGI version released, IrisGL.[31]
Old version, no longer maintained: 1.30 April 1998 Linux and FreeBSD version, port to OpenGL and X11.[31]
Old version, no longer maintained: 1.4x September 1998 Sun and Linux Alpha version released.[31]
Old version, no longer maintained: 1.50 November 1998 First Manual published.[31]
Old version, no longer maintained: 1.60 April 1999 New features behind a $95 lock. Windows version released.[31]
Old version, no longer maintained: 1.6x June 1999 BeOS and PPC version released.[31]
Old version, no longer maintained: 1.80 June 2000 Blender freeware again.[31]
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.00 August 2000 Interactive 3D and real-time engine.[31]
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.03 2000 Handbook The official Blender 2.0 guide.
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.10 December 2000 New engine, physics, and Python.[31]
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.20 August 2001 Character animation system.[31]
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.21 October 2001 Blender Publisher launch.[31]
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.2x December 2001 Apple macOS version.[31]
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.25 October 13, 2002 Blender Publisher freely available.[31]
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.26 February 2003 The first truly open source Blender release.[31]
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.30 November 22, 2003 New GUI; edits are now reversible.
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.32 February 3, 2004 Ray tracing in internal renderer; support for YafaRay.
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.34 August 5, 2004 LSCM-UV-Unwrapping, object-particle interaction.
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.37 May 31, 2005 Simulation of elastic surfaces; improved subdivision surface.
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.40 December 22, 2005 Greatly improved system and character animations (with a non-linear editing tool), and added a fluid and hair simulator. New functionality was based on Google Summer of Code 2005.[32]
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.41 January 25, 2006 Improvements of the game engine (programmable vertex and pixel shaders, using Blender materials, split-screen mode, improvements to the physics engine), improved UV mapping, recording of the Python scripts for sculpture or sculpture works with the help of grid or mesh (mesh sculpting) and set-chaining models.
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.42 July 14, 2006 The film Elephants Dream resulted in high development as a necessity. In particular, the Node-System (Material- and Compositor) has been implemented.
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.43 February 16, 2007 Sculpt-Modeling as a result of Google Summer of Code 2006.
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.46 May 19, 2008 With the production of Big Buck Bunny, Blender gained the ability to produce grass quickly and efficiently.[33]
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.48 October 14, 2008 Due to development of Yo Frankie!, the game engine was improved substantially.[34]
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.49 June 13, 2009 New window and file manager, new interface, new Python API, and new animation system.[35]
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.57 April 13, 2011 First official stable release of 2.5 branch: new interface, new window manager and rewritten event — and tool — file processing system, new animation system (each setting can be animated now), and new Python API.[36]
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.58 June 22, 2011 New features, such as the addition of the warp modifier and render baking. Improvements in sculpting.[37]
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.58a July 4, 2011 Some bug fixes, along with small extensions in GUI and Python interface.[38]
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.59 August 13, 2011 3D mouse support.
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.60 October 19, 2011 Developer branches integrated into the main developer branch: among other things, B-mesh, a new rendering/shading system, NURBS, to name a few, directly from Google Summer of Code.
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.61 December 14, 2011 New Render Engine, Cycles, added alongside Blender Internal (as a "preview release").[39] Motion Tracking, Dynamic Paint, and Ocean Simulator.
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.62 February 16, 2012 Motion tracking improvement, further expansion of UV tools, and remesh modifier. Cycles render engine updates to make it more production-ready.
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.63 April 27, 2012 Bug fixes, B-mesh project: completely new mesh system with n-corners, plus new tools: dissolve, inset, bridge, vertex slide, vertex connect, and bevel.
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.64 October 3, 2012 Green screen keying, node-based compositing.
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.65 December 10, 2012 Over 200 bug fixes, support for the Open Shading Language, and fire simulation.
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.66 February 21, 2013[40] Rigid body simulation available outside of the game engine, dynamic topology sculpting, hair rendering now supported in Cycles.
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.67 May 7–30, 2013[41] Freestyle rendering mode for non-photographic rendering, subsurface scattering support added the motion tracking solver is made more accurate and faster, and an add-on for 3D printing now comes bundled.
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.68 July 18, 2013[42] Rendering performance is improved for CPUs and GPUs, support for Nvidia Tesla K20, GTX Titan and GTX 780 GPUs. Smoke rendering improved to reduce blockiness.
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.69 October 31, 2013[43] Motion tracking now supports plane tracking, and hair rendering has been improved.
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.70 March 19, 2014[44] Initial support for volume rendering and small improvements to the user interface.
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.71 June 26, 2014[45] Support for baking in Cycles and volume rendering branched path tracing now renders faster.
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.72 October 4, 2014[46] Volume rendering for GPUs, more features for sculpting and painting.
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.73 January 8, 2015[47] New fullscreen mode, improved Pie Menus, 3D View can now display the world background.
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.74 March 31, 2015[48] Cycles got several precision, noise, speed, memory improvements, and a new Pointiness attribute.
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.75a July 1, 2015[49] Blender now supports a fully integrated Multi-View and Stereo 3D pipeline, Cycles has much-awaited initial support for AMD GPUs, and a new Light Portals feature.
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.76b November 3, 2015[50] Cycles volume density render, Pixar OpenSubdiv mesh subdivision library, node inserting, and video editing tools.
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.77a April 6, 2016[51] Improvements to Cycles, new features for the Grease Pencil, more support for OpenVDB, updated Python library and support for Windows XP has been removed.
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.78c February 28, 2017[52] Spherical stereo rendering for virtual reality, Grease Pencil improvements for 2D animations, Freehand curves drawing over surfaces, Bendy Bones, Micropolygon displacements, and Adaptive Subdivision. Cycles performance improvements.
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.79b September 11, 2017[53] Cycles denoiser, improved OpenCL rendering support, Shadow Catcher, Principled BSDF Shader, Filmic color management, improved UI and Grease Pencil functionality, improvements in Alembic import and export, surface deformities modifier, better animation keyframing, simplified video encoding, Python additions and new add-ons.
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.80 July 30, 2019[54] Revamped UI, added a dark theme, EEVEE realtime rendering engine on OpenGL, Principled shader, Workbench viewport, Grease Pencil 2D animation tool, multi-object editing, collections, GPU+CPU rendering, Rigify.
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.81a November 21, 2019[55] OpenVDB voxel remesh, QuadriFlow remesh, transparent BSDF, brush curves preset in sculpting, WebM support.
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.82 February 14, 2020[56] Improved fluid and smoke simulation (using Mantaflow), UDIM support, USD export and 2 new sculpting tools.
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.83
LTS 		June 3, 2020[57] Introduction of the Long Term Support (LTS) program, VDB files support, VR scene inspection, new cloth sculpt brush and viewport denoising.
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.90 August 31, 2020[58] Physically based Nishita Sky Texture, improved EEVEE motion blur, sculpting improvements including a new multiresolution modifier and modelling improvements.
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.91 November 25, 2020[59] Cloth Brush improvements, new sculpting Trim tool, new mesh boolean solver, volume to mesh and mesh to volume modifiers and customisable curve bevels.
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.92 February 25, 2021[60] New Geometry Nodes procedural modelling system, New interactive Add Primitive Tool, sculpting improvements and Grease Pencil improvements.
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.93
LTS 		June 2, 2021[61] Expansion of Geometry Nodes with mesh primitives and a new spreadsheet editor, sculpting improvements, new grease pencil line art modifier and EEVEE rendering improvements.
Old version, no longer maintained: 3.0 December 3, 2021[62] Major Cycles update with rewritten GPU kernels and rewritten shadow catchers and other rendering improvements. Overhaul to Geometry nodes with new 'Fields' system. A new UI visual refresh as well as other features and improvements.
Old version, no longer maintained: 3.1 March 9, 2022[63] Point cloud objects, Cycles Metal Backend and new geometry nodes.
Old version, no longer maintained: 3.2 June 8, 2022[64] Cycles light groups, shadow caustics rendering, sculpt mode painting and collection support in the asset browser.
Older version, yet still maintained: 3.3
LTS 		September 7, 2022[65] New procedural hair system with geometry nodes, support for Intel Arc GPUs and new geometry nodes.
Old version, no longer maintained: 3.4 December 7, 2022[66] Path Guiding in Cycles, auto masking in sculpt mode, new UV relax tool and new geometry nodes.
Old version, no longer maintained: 3.5 March 29, 2023[67] New hair system with Geometry nodes and asset browser, real-time viewport compositor, vector displacement maps for sculpting, viewport performance improvements with Apple Metal.
Older version, yet still maintained: 3.6
LTS 		June 27, 2023 [68] Simulation Nodes, rendering performance improvements on AMD Hardware and better UV packing.
Old version, no longer maintained: 4.0 November 14, 2023[69] Cycles light linking, new Principled BSDF shader, better Color management and Geometry Nodes improvements.
Current stable version: 4.1 March 26, 2024[70] Geometry nodes baking, OpenImageDenoise performance improvements and viewport compositor improvements.
Future release: 4.2
LTS 		July 16, 2024[71] TBC

Preliminary release notes available. [72] Realtime compositor improvements.

Legend:
Old version
Older version, still maintained
Latest version
Latest preview version
Future release

As of 2021, official releases of Blender for Microsoft Windows, macOS and Linux,[73] as well as a port for FreeBSD,[74] are available in 64-bit versions. Blender is available for Windows 8.1 and above, and Mac OS X 10.13 and above.[75][76]

Blender 2.76b was the last supported release for Windows XP and version 2.63 was the last supported release for PowerPC. Blender 2.83 LTS and 2.92 were the last supported versions for Windows 7.[77] In 2013, Blender was released on Android as a demo, but has not been updated since.[3]

Features edit

Modeling edit

 
Forensic facial reconstruction of a mummy by Cícero Moraes

Blender has support for a variety of geometric primitives, including polygon meshes, Bézier curves, NURBS surfaces, metaballs, icospheres, text, and an n-gon modeling system called B-mesh. There is also an advanced polygonal modelling system which can be accessed through an edit mode. It supports features such as extrusion, bevelling, and subdividing.[78]

Modifiers edit

Modifiers apply non-destructive effects which can be applied upon rendering or exporting, such as subdivision surfaces.

Sculpting edit

Blender has multi-resolution digital sculpting, which includes dynamic topology, "baking", remeshing, re-symmetrization, and decimation. The latter is used to simplify models for exporting purposes (an example being game assets).

Geometry nodes edit

 
Geometry Nodes Editor in Blender 3.2

Blender has a geometry node system for procedurally and non-destructively creating and manipulating geometry. It was first added to Blender 2.92, which focuses on object scattering and instancing.[79] It takes the form of a modifier, so it can be stacked over other different modifiers.[80] The system uses object attributes, which can be modified and overridden with string inputs. Attributes can include positions, normals and UV maps.[81] All attributes can be viewed in an attribute spreadsheet editor.[82] The Geometry Nodes utility also has the capability of creating primitive meshes.[83] In Blender 3.0, support for creating and modifying curves objects was added to Geometry Nodes;[84] in the same release, the Geometry Nodes workflow was completely redesigned with fields, in order to make the system more intuitive and work like shader nodes.[85][86]

Simulation edit

Cloth simulation

Blender can be used to simulate smoke, rain, dust, cloth, fluids, hair, and rigid bodies.[87]

Fluid simulation edit

 
Physics fluid simulation

The fluid simulator can be used for simulating liquids, like water being poured into a cup.[88] It uses Lattice Boltzmann methods (LBM) to simulate fluids and allows for plenty of adjustment of particles and resolution. The particle physics fluid simulation creates particles that follow the smoothed-particle hydrodynamics method.[89]

Blender has simulation tools for soft-body dynamics, including mesh collision detection, LBM fluid dynamics, smoke simulation, Bullet rigid-body dynamics, an ocean generator with waves, a particle system that includes support for particle-based hair, and real-time control during physics simulation and rendering.

In Blender 2.82, a new fluid simulation system called Mantaflow was added, replacing the old FLIP system.[90] In Blender 2.92, another fluid simulation system called APIC, which builds on Mantaflow,[citation needed] was added. Vortices and more stable calculations are improved from the FLIP system.

Cloth Simulation edit

Cloth simulation is done by simulating vertices with a rigid body simulation. If done on a 3D mesh, it will produce similar effects as the soft body simulation.

Animation edit

Blender's keyframed animation capabilities include inverse kinematics, armatures, hooks, curve- and lattice-based deformations, shape keys, non-linear animation, constraints, and vertex weighting. In addition, its Grease Pencil tools allow for 2D animation within a full 3D pipeline.

Rendering edit

 
An architectural render showing different rendering styles in Blender, including a photorealistic style using Cycles

Blender includes three render engines since version 2.80: EEVEE, Workbench and Cycles.

Cycles is a path tracing render engine. It supports rendering through both the CPU and the GPU. Cycles supports the Open Shading Language since Blender 2.65.[91]

Cycles Hybrid Rendering is possible in Version 2.92 with Optix. Tiles are calculated with GPU in combination with CPU.[92]

EEVEE is a new physically based real-time renderer. While it is capable of driving Blender's real-time viewport for creating assets thanks to its speed, it can also work as a renderer for final frames.

Workbench is a real-time render engine designed for fast rendering during modelling and animation preview. It is not intended for final rendering. Workbench supports assigning colors to objects for visual distinction.[93]

Cycles edit

Rendering of different materials using the Cycles render engine

Cycles is a path-tracing render engine that is designed to be interactive and easy to use, while still supporting many features.[94] It has been included with Blender since 2011, with the release of Blender 2.61. Cycles supports with AVX, AVX2 and AVX-512 extensions, as well as CPU acceleration in modern hardware.[95]

GPU rendering edit

Cycles supports GPU rendering, which is used to speed up rendering times. There are three GPU rendering modes: CUDA, which is the preferred method for older Nvidia graphics cards; OptiX, which utilizes the hardware ray-tracing capabilities of Nvidia's Turing architecture & Ampere architecture; and OpenCL, which supports rendering on AMD Radeon graphics cards (with added Intel Iris and Xe support in 2.92). The toolkit software associated with these rendering modes does not come within Blender and needs to be separately installed and configured as per their respective source instructions.

Multiple GPUs are also supported (with the notable exception of the EEVEE render engine[96]) which can be used to create a render farm to speed up rendering by processing frames or tiles in parallel—having multiple GPUs, however, does not increase the available memory since each GPU can only access its own memory.[97] Since Version 2.90, this limitation of SLI cards is broken with Nvidia's NVLink.[98]

Apple's Metal API got initial implementation in Blender 3.1 for Apple computers with M1 chips and AMD graphics cards.[99]

A Benchmark of Blender 3.2 shows great advantages of long supported CUDA against newer API OptiX and brand new HIP for AMD Hardware.[100] Some improvements in performance were added for HIP and OptiX in Blender 3.3 and 3.4.

Support for Intel Arc GPUs arrived in Blender 3.3 LTS.[101][102]

Supported features [103]
Feature CPU CUDA OPTIX [104] HIP oneAPI Metal
Hardware Minimum for 3.0 x86-64 and other 64-Bit[105] Cuda 3.0+: Nvidia cards Kepler to Ampere (CUDA Toolkit 11.1+)[106] OptiX 7.3 with driver 470+: Full: Nvidia RTX Series; Parts: Maxwell+ AMD RDNA architecture or newer, Radeon Software Drivers (Windows, Linux) Intel Graphics Driver 30.0.101.3430 or newer on Windows, OpenCL runtime 22.10.23904 on Linux Apple Computers with Apple Silicon in MacOS 12.2, AMD Graphics Cards with MacOS 12.3
Basic shading Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Shadows Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Motion blur Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Hair Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Volume Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Subsurface scattering Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Open Shading Language (1.11) (OSL 1.12.6 in 3.4) Yes No Partial[107] No No No
Correlated multi-jittered sampling Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Bevel and AO shaders Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Baking [108] Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Can use CPU memory
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Distribute memory across devices Yes render farm [109][110] Yes with NVLink Yes with NVLink No No No
Experimental features
Adaptive subdivision[111] Experimental Experimental Experimental Experimental Experimental Experimental
Integrator edit

The integrator is the core rendering algorithm used for lighting computations. Cycles currently supports a path tracing integrator with direct light sampling. It works well for a variety of lighting setups, but it is not as suitable for caustics and certain other complex lighting situations. Rays are traced from the camera into the scene, bouncing around until they find a light source (a lamp, an object material emitting light, or the world background), or until they are simply terminated based on the number of maximum bounces determined in the light path settings for the renderer. To find lamps and surfaces emitting light, both indirect light sampling (letting the ray follow the surface bidirectional scattering distribution function, or BSDF) and direct light sampling (picking a light source and tracing a ray towards it) are used.[112]

The default path tracing integrator is a "pure" path tracer. This integrator works by sending several light rays that act as photons from the camera out into the scene. These rays will eventually hit either: a light source, an object, or the world background. If these rays hit an object, they will bounce based on the angle of impact, and continue bouncing until a light source has been reached or until a maximum number of bounces, as determined by the user, which will cause it to terminate and result in a black, unlit pixel. Multiple rays are calculated and averaged out for each pixel, a process known as "sampling". This sampling number is set by the user and greatly affects the final image. Lower sampling often results in more noise and has the potential to create "fireflies" (which are uncharacteristically bright pixels), while higher sampling greatly reduces noise, but also increases render times.

The alternative is a branched path tracing integrator, which works mostly the same way. Branched path tracing splits the light rays at each intersection with an object according to different surface components,[clarification needed] and takes all lights into account for shading instead of just one. This added complexity makes computing each ray slower but reduces noise in the render, especially in scenes dominated by direct (one-bounce) lighting.

Open Shading Language edit

Blender users can create their own nodes using the Open Shading Language (OSL), although it is important to note that this feature is not supported by GPUs.[113]

 
Using the node editor to create a moldy gold material
Materials edit

Materials define the look of meshes, NURBS curves, and other geometric objects. They consist of three shaders to define the mesh's surface appearance, volume inside, and surface displacement.[94]

The surface shader defines the light interaction at the surface of the mesh. One or more bidirectional scattering distribution functions, or BSDFs, can specify if incoming light is reflected, refracted into the mesh, or absorbed.[94] The alpha value is one measure of translucency.

When the surface shader does not reflect or absorb light, it enters the volume (light transmission). If no volume shader is specified, it will pass straight through (or be refracted, see refractive index or IOR) to another side of the mesh.

If one is defined, a volume shader describes the light interaction as it passes through the volume of the mesh. Light may be scattered, absorbed, or even emitted[clarification needed] at any point in the volume.[94]

The shape of the surface may be altered by displacement shaders. In this way, textures can be used to make the mesh surface more detailed.

Depending on the settings, the displacement may be virtual-only modifying the surface normals to give the impression of displacement (also known as bump mapping) – real, or a combination of real displacement with bump mapping.[94]

EEVEE edit

EEVEE (or Eevee) is a real-time PBR renderer included in Blender from version 2.8.[114] This render engine was given the nickname EEVEE,[115] after the Pokémon. The name was later made into the backronym "Extra Easy Virtual Environment Engine" or EEVEE.[116]

Workbench edit

Using the default 3D viewport drawing system for modeling, texturing, etc.[117]

External renderers edit

Free and open-source:[118]

Proprietary:

  • Pixar RenderMan – Blender render addon for RenderMan[124]
  • Octane Render – OctaneRender plugin for Blender
  • Indigo Renderer – Indigo for Blender
  • V-Ray – V-Ray for Blender, V-Ray Standalone is needed for rendering
  • Maxwell Render – B-Maxwell addon for Blender
  • Thea Render – Thea for Blender[125]
  • Corona Renderer – Blender To Corona exporter, Corona Standalone is needed for rendering[126]

Texturing and shading edit

Blender allows procedural and node-based textures, as well as texture painting, projective painting, vertex painting, weight painting and dynamic painting.

Post-production edit

 
The Video Sequence Editor (VSE)

Blender has a node-based compositor within the rendering pipeline, which is accelerated with OpenCL. It also includes a non-linear video editor called the Video Sequence Editor (VSE), with support for effects like Gaussian blur, color grading, fade and wipe transitions, and other video transformations. However, there is no built-in multi-core support for rendering video with the VSE.

Plugins/addons and scripts edit

Blender supports Python scripting for the creation of custom tools, prototyping, importing/exporting from other formats, and task automation. This allows for integration with several external render engines through plugins/addons. Blender itself can also be compiled & imported as a python library for further automation and development.

File format edit

Blender features an internal file system that can pack multiple scenes into a single ".blend" file.

  • Most of Blender's ".blend" files are forward, backward, and cross-platform compatible with other versions of Blender, with the following exceptions:
    • Loading animations stored in post-2.5 files in Blender pre-2.5. This is due to the reworked animation subsystem introduced in Blender 2.5 being inherently incompatible with older versions.
    • Loading meshes stored in post 2.63. This is due to the introduction of BMesh, a more versatile mesh format.
    • Blender 2.8 ".blend" files are no longer fully backward compatible, causing errors when opened in previous versions.
    • Many 3.x ".blend" files are not completely backwards-compatible as well, and may cause errors with previous versions.
  • All scenes, objects, materials, textures, sounds, images, and post-production effects for an entire animation can be packaged and stored in a single ".blend" file. Data loaded from external sources, such as images and sounds, can also be stored externally and referenced through either an absolute or relative file path. Likewise, ".blend" files themselves can also be used as libraries of Blender assets.
  • Interface configurations are retained in ".blend" files.

A wide variety of import/export scripts that extend Blender capabilities (accessing the object data via an internal API) make it possible to interoperate with other 3D tools.

Blender organizes data as various kinds of "data blocks" (akin to glTF), such as Objects, Meshes, Lamps, Scenes, Materials, Images, and so on. An object in Blender consists of multiple data blocks – for example, what the user would describe as a polygon mesh consists of at least an Object and a Mesh data block, and usually also a Material and many more, linked together. This allows various data blocks to refer to each other. There may be, for example, multiple Objects that refer to the same Mesh, and making subsequent editing of the shared mesh results in shape changes in all Objects using this Mesh. Objects, meshes, materials, textures, etc. can also be linked to other .blend files, which is what allows the use of .blend files as reusable resource libraries.

Import and export edit

The software supports a variety of 3D file formats for import and export, among them Alembic, 3D Studio (3DS), FBX, DXF, SVG, STL (for 3D printing), UDIM, USD, VRML, WebM, X3D and OBJ.[127]

Deprecated features edit

Blender Game Engine edit

The Blender Game Engine was a built-in real-time graphics and logic engine with features such as collision detection, a dynamics engine, and programmable logic. It also allowed the creation of stand-alone, real-time applications ranging from architectural visualization to video games. In April 2018, the engine was removed from the upcoming Blender 2.8 release series, due to updates and revisions to the engine lagging behind other game engines such as Unity and the open-source Godot.[25] In the 2.8 announcements, the Blender team specifically mentioned the Godot engine as a suitable replacement for migrating Blender Game Engine users.[26]

Blender Internal edit

Blender Internal, a biased rasterization engine and scanline renderer used in previous versions of Blender, was also removed for the 2.80 release in favor of the new "EEVEE" renderer, a realtime physically based renderer.[128]

User interface edit

 
Blender's user interface underwent a significant update with Blender 2.57, and again with the release of Blender 2.80.

Commands edit

Most of the commands are accessible via hotkeys. There are also comprehensive graphical menus. Numeric buttons can be "dragged" to change their value directly without the need to aim at a particular widget, as well as being set using the keyboard. Both sliders and number buttons can be constrained to various step sizes with modifiers like the Ctrl and Shift keys. Python expressions can also be typed directly into number entry fields, allowing mathematical expressions to specify values.

Modes edit

Blender includes many modes for interacting with objects, the two primary ones being Object Mode and Edit Mode, which are toggled with the Tab key. Object mode is used to manipulate individual objects as a unit, while Edit mode is used to manipulate the actual object data. For example, an Object Mode can be used to move, scale, and rotate entire polygon meshes, and Edit Mode can be used to manipulate the individual vertices of a single mesh. There are also several other modes, such as Vertex Paint, Weight Paint, and Sculpt Mode.

Workspaces edit

The Blender GUI builds its tiled windowing system on top of one or multiple windows provided by the underlying platform. One platform window (often sized to fill the screen) is divided into sections and subsections that can be of any type of Blender's views or window types. The user can define multiple layouts of such Blender windows, called screens, and switch quickly between them by selecting from a menu or with keyboard shortcuts. Each window type's own GUI elements can be controlled with the same tools that manipulate the 3D view. For example, one can zoom in and out of GUI-buttons using similar controls, one zooms in and out in the 3D viewport. The GUI viewport and screen layout are fully user-customizable. It is possible to set up the interface for specific tasks such as video editing or UV mapping or texturing by hiding features not used for the task.

Development edit

 
Game engine GLSL materials

Since the opening of the source code, Blender has experienced significant refactoring of the initial codebase and major additions to its feature set.

Improvements include an animation system refresh;[129] a stack-based modifier system;[130] an updated particle system[131] (which can also be used to simulate hair and fur); fluid dynamics; soft-body dynamics; GLSL shaders support[132] in the game engine; advanced UV unwrapping;[133] a fully recoded render pipeline, allowing separate render passes and "render to texture"; node-based material editing and compositing; and projection painting.[134]

Part of these developments was fostered by Google's Summer of Code program, in which the Blender Foundation has participated since 2005.

Historically, Blender has used Phabricator to manage its development but due to the announcement in 2021 that Phabricator would be discontinued,[135] the Blender Institute began work on migrating to another software in early 2022.[136] After extensive debate on what software it should choose[137] it was finally decided to migrate to Gitea.[138] The migration from Phabricator to Gitea is currently a work in progress.[139]

Blender 2.8 edit

Official planning for the next major revision of Blender after the 2.7 series began in the latter half of 2015, with potential targets including a more configurable UI (dubbed "Blender 101"), support for Physically based rendering (PBR) (dubbed EEVEE for "Extra Easy Virtual Environment Engine") to bring improved realtime 3D graphics to the viewport, allowing the use of C++11 and C99 in the codebase, moving to a newer version of OpenGL and dropping support for versions before 3.2, and a possible overhaul of the particle and constraint systems.[140][141] Blender Internal renderer has been removed from 2.8.[128] Code Quest was a project started in April 2018 set in Amsterdam, at the Blender Institute.[142] The goal of the project was to get a large development team working in one place, in order to speed up the development of Blender 2.8.[142] By June 29, 2018, the Code Quest project ended, and on July 2, the alpha version was completed.[143] Beta testing commenced on November 29, 2018, and was anticipated to take until July 2019.[144] Blender 2.80 was released on July 30, 2019.[145]

Cycles X edit

On April 23, 2021, the Blender Foundation announced the Cycles X project, where they improved the Cycles architecture for future development. Key changes included a new kernel, removal of default tiled rendering (replaced by progressive refine), removal of branched path tracing, and the removal of OpenCL support. Volumetric rendering was also replaced with better algorithms.[146][147][148] Cycles X had only been accessible in an experimental branch[149] until September 21, 2021, when it was merged into the master build.[150]

Support edit

Blender is extensively documented on its website.[151] There are also a number of online communities dedicated to support, such as the Blender Stack Exchange.[152]

Modified versions edit

Due to Blender's open-source nature, other programs have tried to take advantage of its success by repackaging and selling cosmetically modified versions of it. Examples include IllusionMage, 3DMofun, 3DMagix, and Fluid Designer,[153] the latter being recognized as Blender-based.

Use in industry edit

Blender started as an in-house tool for NeoGeo, a Dutch commercial animation company.[154] The first large professional project that used Blender was Spider-Man 2, where it was primarily used to create animatics and pre-visualizations for the storyboard department.[155]

The French-language film Friday or Another Day (Vendredi ou un autre jour [fr]) was the first 35 mm feature film to use Blender for all the special effects, made on Linux workstations.[156] It won a prize at the Locarno International Film Festival. The special effects were by Digital Graphics of Belgium.[157]

Tomm Moore's The Secret of Kells, which was partly produced in Blender by the Belgian studio Digital Graphics, has been nominated for an Oscar in the category "Best Animated Feature Film".[158] Blender has also been used for shows on the History Channel, alongside many other professional 3D graphics programs.[159]

Plumíferos, a commercial animated feature film created entirely in Blender,[160] had premiered in February 2010 in Argentina. Its main characters are anthropomorphic talking animals. Blender is used by NASA for many publicly available 3D models. Many 3D models on NASA's 3D resources page are in a native .blend format.[161]

Special effects for episode 6 of Red Dwarf season X, screened in 2012, were created using Blender as confirmed by Ben Simonds of Gecko Animation.[162][163][164] Blender was used for previsualization in Captain America: The Winter Soldier.[165]

Some promotional artwork for Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U was partially created using Blender.[166] The alternative hip-hop group Death Grips has used Blender to produce music videos. A screenshot from the program is briefly visible in the music video for Inanimate Sensation.[167]

The visual effects for the TV series The Man in the High Castle were done in Blender, with some of the particle simulations relegated to Houdini.[168][169][170] NASA also used Blender to develop an interactive web application Experience Curiosity to celebrate the 3rd anniversary of the Curiosity rover landing on Mars.[171] This app[172] makes it possible to operate the rover, control its cameras and the robotic arm and reproduces some of the prominent events of the Mars Science Laboratory mission.[173] The application was presented at the beginning of the WebGL section on SIGGRAPH 2015.[174][List entry too long]

Blender was used for both CGI and compositing for the movie Hardcore Henry.[175] The visual effects in the feature film Sabogal were done in Blender.[176] VFX supervisor Bill Westenhofer used Blender to create the character "Murloc" in the 2016 film Warcraft.[177]

Director David F. Sandberg used Blender for multiple shots in Lights Out,[178] and Annabelle: Creation.[179][180] Blender was used for parts of the credit sequences in Wonder Woman[181] Blender was used for doing the animation in the film Cinderella the Cat.[182]

VFX Artist Ian Hubert used Blender for the science fiction film Prospect.[183] The 2018 film Next Gen was fully created in Blender by Tangent Animation. A team of developers worked on improving Blender for internal use, but it is planned to eventually add those improvements to the official Blender build.[184][185]

The 2019 film I Lost My Body was largely animated using Blender's Grease Pencil tool by drawing over CGI animation allowing for a real sense of camera movement that is harder to achieve in purely traditionally drawn animation.[186] Ubisoft Animation Studio will use Blender to replace its internal content creation software starting in 2020.[187]

Khara and its child company Project Studio Q are trying to replace their main tool, 3ds Max, with Blender. They started "field verification" of Blender during their ongoing production of Evangelion: 3.0+1.0.[188] They also signed up as Corporate Silver and Bronze members of Development Fund.[189][190][191]

The 2020 film Wolfwalkers was partially created using Blender.[192] In 2021 SPA Studios started hiring Blender artists[193] and as of 2022, contributes to Blender Development.[194] The 2021 Netflix production Maya and the Three was created using Blender.[195] Warner Bros. Animation started hiring Blender artists in 2022.[196] VFX company Makuta VFX used Blender for the VFX for Indian blockbuster RRR.[197]

Open projects edit

 
Big Buck Bunny promotional poster
 
Sintel promotional poster
 
Tears of Steel promotional poster

Since 2005, every one to two years the Blender Foundation has announced a new creative project to help drive innovation in Blender.[198][199] In response to the success of the first open movie project, Elephants Dream, in 2006, the Blender Foundation founded the Blender Institute to be in charge of additional projects, with two projects announced at first: Big Buck Bunny, also known as Project Peach (a "furry and funny" short open animated film project); and Yo Frankie!, or Project Apricot, an open game utilizing the Crystal Space game engine that reused some of the assets created for Big Buck Bunny.

Elephants Dream (Project Orange) edit

Main article: Elephants Dream

In September 2005, some of the most notable Blender artists and developers began working on a short film using primarily free software, in an initiative known as the Orange Movie Project hosted by the Netherlands Media Art Institute (NIMk). The codename, "Orange", about the fruit, started the trend of giving each project a different fruity name. The resulting film, Elephants Dream, premiered on March 24, 2006.

Big Buck Bunny (Project Peach) edit

Main article: Big Buck Bunny

On October 1, 2007, a new team started working on a second open project, "Peach", for the production of the short movie Big Buck Bunny. This time, however, the creative concept was different. Instead of the deep and mystical style of Elephants Dream, things are more "funny and furry" according to the official site.[200] The movie had its premiere on April 10, 2008. This later made its way to Nintendo 3DS's Nintendo Video in May 2012.[201]

Yo Frankie! (Open Game Project: Apricot) edit

Main article: Yo Frankie!

"Apricot" was the project name for the production of a game based on the universe and characters of the Peach movie (Big Buck Bunny) using free software, including the Crystal Space framework. The resulting game is titled Yo Frankie!. The project started on February 1, 2008, and development was completed at the end of July. A finalized product was expected at the end of August; however, the release was delayed. The game was eventually released on December 9, 2008, under either the GNU GPL or LGPL, with all content being licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0.[202]

Sintel (Project Durian) edit

Main article: Sintel

The Blender Foundation's Project Durian[203] (in keeping with the tradition of fruits as code names) was this time chosen to make a fantasy action epic of about twelve minutes in length,[204] starring a teenage girl and a young dragon as the main characters. The film premiered online on September 30, 2010.[205] A game based on Sintel was officially announced on Blenderartists.org on May 12, 2010.[206][207]

Many of the new features integrated into Blender 2.5 and beyond were a direct result of Project Durian.

Tears of Steel (Project Mango) edit

Main article: Tears of Steel
 
The Dutch actor Derek de Lint in a composited live-action scene from Tears of Steel that used VFX

On October 2, 2011, the fourth open movie project, codenamed "Mango", was announced by the Blender Foundation.[208][209] A team of artists assembled using an open call of community participation. It is the first Blender open movie to use live action as well as CG.

Filming for Mango started on May 7, 2012, and the movie was released on September 26, 2012. As with the previous films, all footage, scenes and models were made available under a free content compliant Creative Commons license.[210][209]

According to the film's press release, "The film's premise is about a group of warriors and scientists, who gather at the 'Oude Kerk' in Amsterdam to stage a crucial event from the past, in a desperate attempt to rescue the world from destructive robots."[211]

Cosmos Laundromat: First Cycle (Project Gooseberry) edit

Main article: Cosmos Laundromat
Cosmos Laundromat: First Cycle

On January 10, 2011, Ton Roosendaal announced that the fifth open movie project would be codenamed "Gooseberry" and that its goal would be to produce a feature-length animated film. He speculated that production would begin sometime between 2012 and 2014.[212] The film was to be written and produced by a coalition of international animation studios. The studio lineup was announced on January 28, 2014,[213] and production began soon thereafter. As of March 2014, a moodboard had been constructed[214] and development goals set. The initial ten minute pilot was released on YouTube on August 10, 2015.[215] It won the SIGGRAPH 2016 Computer Animation Festival Jury's Choice award.[216]

Glass Half edit

On November 13, 2015, Glass Half was released in HD format.[217] This project demonstrates real-time rendering capabilities using OpenGL for 3D cartoon animation. It also marks the end of the fruit naming scheme. Glass Half was financed by the Blender Foundation with proceeds from the Blender Cloud.[218] It is a short, roughly three-minute long comedy in a gibberish language that addresses subjectivity in art.

Glass Half

Caminandes edit

Main article: Caminandes
Gran Dillama

Caminandes is a series of animated short films envisioned by Pablo Vazquez of Argentina. It centers on a llama named Koro in Patagonia and his attempts to overcome various obstacles. The series only became part of the Open Movie Project starting with the second episode.

  • Caminandes 1: Llama Drama (2013)
  • Caminandes 2: Gran Dillama (2013)
  • Caminandes 3: Llamigos (2016)

Agent 327: Operation Barbershop edit

Agent 327: Operation Barbershop is a three-minute teaser released on May 15, 2017, for a planned full-length animated feature. The three-minute teaser is uploaded to YouTube by the official Blender Studio channel. Co-directed by Colin Levy and Hjalti Hjálmarsson,[219] it is based on the classic Dutch comic series Agent 327. This teaser film also acts as a proof-of-concept to attract funding for the full-length animated feature.[220] Agent 327: Operation Barbershop showcases the latest technology of Cycles engine, the render engine that has been included in Blender since 2011.[221] Assets from this teaser have been released under Creative Commons license via Blender Cloud.[220]

Agent 327

Hero edit

Hero is the first open movie project to demonstrate the capabilities of the Grease Pencil, a 2D animation tool in Blender 2.8. It was put on YouTube on April 16, 2018. It has a roughly four-minute runtime, which includes over a minute of "behind-the-scenes" "making-of" footage. It showcases the art of Spanish animator Daniel Martínez Lara.

Hero

Spring edit

Spring

"Spring is the story of a shepherd girl and her dog, who face ancient spirits to continue the cycle of life. This poetic and visually stunning short film was written and directed by Andy Goralczyk, inspired by his childhood in the mountains of Germany."

On October 25, 2017, an animated short film named Spring was announced. Spring was released April 4, 2019.[222][223] Its purpose was to test Blender 2.8's capabilities before its official release.

Coffee Run edit

Coffee Run

"Fueled by caffeine, a young woman runs through the bittersweet memories of her past relationship."

On May 29, 2020, the open movie Coffee Run was released. It was the first open movie to be rendered in the EEVEE render engine. It was released on July 30, 2019.[224]

Settlers edit

A collection of assets and animated scenes created by the Blender Studio in 2020, with an emphasis on expressive non-photorealistic rendering and experimental shading. All assets created for this are freely available to all.[225]

Sprite Fright edit

Sprite Fright

Sprite Fright is the 13th open movie. It is set in Britain and draws inspiration from 1980s horror comedy. It is directed by Pixar story artist Mathew Luhn with Hjalti Hjalmarsson.[226][227][228] It is about a group of teenagers being attacked and killed by Sprites after they litter the forest.[229]

It premiered at Eye Film in the Netherlands on 28 October 2021 and was publicly released on Blender Studio and YouTube on 29 October 2021.[230][231]

Charge edit

Charge

A cinematic short with an emphasis on photo-realism. The short takes place in Iceland and is intended to improve Blender's PBR texturing workflow.[232]

Online services edit

Blender Foundation edit

Blender Studio edit

The Blender Studio platform, launched in March 2014 as Blender Cloud,[233][234][235] is a subscription-based cloud computing platform where members can access Blender add-ons, courses and to keep track of the production of Blender Studio's open movies.[236] It is currently operated by the Blender Studio, formerly a part of the Blender Institute.[22] It was launched to promote and fundraiser for Project: Gooseberry, and is intended to replace the selling of DVDs by the Blender Foundation with a subscription-based model for file hosting, asset sharing and collaboration.[233][237] Blender Add-ons included in Blender Studio are CloudRig,[238] Blender Kitsu,[239] Contact sheet Add-on,[240] Blender Purge[241] and Shot Builder.[242][243][244] It was rebranded from Blender Cloud to Blender Studio on 22 October 2021.[245]

The Blender Development Fund edit

The Blender Development Fund is a subscription where individuals and companies can fund Blender's development.[246] Corporate members include Epic Games,[247] Nvidia,[248] Microsoft,[249] Apple,[250] Unity,[251] Intel,[252] Decentraland,[253] Amazon Web Services,[254] Meta,[255] AMD,[256] Adobe[257] and many more. Individual users can also provide one-time donations to Blender via payment card, PayPal, wire transfer, and some cryptocurrencies.[258]

Blender ID edit

The Blender ID is a unified login for Blender software and service users, providing a login for Blender Studio, the Blender Store, the Blender Conference, Blender Network, Blender Development Fund, and the Blender Foundation Certified Trainer Program.[259]

Blender Open Data edit

 
Example of Blender Benchmark in use

The Blender Open Data is a platform to collect, display, and query benchmark data produced by the Blender community with related Blender Benchmark software.[260]

Blender Network edit

The Blender Network was an online platform to enable online professionals to conduct business with Blender and provide online support.[261] It was terminated on 31 March 2021.[262]

Blender Store edit

A store to buy Blender merchandise, such as shirts, socks, beanies, etc.[263]

See also edit

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Further reading edit

External links edit

 
Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: Blender 3D: Noob to Pro
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Blender (software).
  • Official website  

January 01, 1970
blender, software, this, article, about, graphics, software, kitchen, laboratory, appliance, blender, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, this, article, con. This article is about the 3D graphics software For the kitchen and laboratory appliance see Blender This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience Please help by spinning off or relocating any relevant information and removing excessive detail that may be against Wikipedia s inclusion policy February 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article relies excessively on references to primary sources Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources Find sources Blender software news newspapers books scholar JSTOR February 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message Learn how and when to remove this template message Blender is a free and open source 3D computer graphics software tool set used for creating animated films visual effects art 3D printed models motion graphics interactive 3D applications virtual reality and formerly video games Blender s features include 3D modelling UV mapping texturing digital drawing raster graphics editing rigging and skinning fluid and smoke simulation particle simulation soft body simulation sculpting animation match moving rendering motion graphics video editing and compositing BlenderThe logo designed by Ton RoosendaalBlender version 3 5 0 2023 Original author s Ton RoosendaalDeveloper s Blender Foundation communityInitial releaseJanuary 2 1994 30 years ago 1994 01 02 1 Stable release4 1 0 2 26 March 2024 32 days ago 26 March 2024 Preview release4 2 0 February 7 2024 2 months ago 2024 02 07 Repositoryprojects wbr blender wbr org wbr blender wbr blender wbr gitWritten inC C and PythonOperating systemLinux macOS Windows 3 BSD 4 5 6 7 Haiku 8 Size193 305 MiB varies by operating system 9 10 Available in36 languagesList of languagesAbkhaz Arabic Basque Brazilian Portuguese Castilian Spanish Catalan Croatian Czech Dutch English official Esperanto French German Hausa Hebrew Hindi Hungarian Indonesian Italian Japanese Korean Kyrgyz Persian Polish Portuguese Romanian Russian Serbian Simplified Chinese Slovak Spanish Swedish Thai Traditional Chinese Turkish Ukrainian VietnameseType3D computer graphics softwareLicenseGPL 2 0 or later 11 Websitewww wbr blender wbr org Blender 3 6 0 LTS splash screen Contents 1 History 2 Suzanne 3 Release history 4 Features 4 1 Modeling 4 1 1 Modifiers 4 1 2 Sculpting 4 1 3 Geometry nodes 4 2 Simulation 4 2 1 Fluid simulation 4 2 2 Cloth Simulation 4 3 Animation 4 4 Rendering 4 4 1 Cycles 4 4 1 1 GPU rendering 4 4 1 2 Integrator 4 4 1 3 Open Shading Language 4 4 1 4 Materials 4 4 2 EEVEE 4 4 3 Workbench 4 4 4 External renderers 4 4 5 Texturing and shading 4 5 Post production 4 6 Plugins addons and scripts 4 7 File format 4 7 1 Import and export 4 8 Deprecated features 4 8 1 Blender Game Engine 4 8 2 Blender Internal 5 User interface 5 1 Commands 5 2 Modes 5 3 Workspaces 6 Development 6 1 Blender 2 8 6 2 Cycles X 7 Support 8 Modified versions 9 Use in industry 10 Open projects 10 1 Elephants Dream Project Orange 10 2 Big Buck Bunny Project Peach 10 3 Yo Frankie Open Game Project Apricot 10 4 Sintel Project Durian 10 5 Tears of Steel Project Mango 10 6 Cosmos Laundromat First Cycle Project Gooseberry 10 7 Glass Half 10 8 Caminandes 10 9 Agent 327 Operation Barbershop 10 10 Hero 10 11 Spring 10 12 Coffee Run 10 13 Settlers 10 14 Sprite Fright 10 15 Charge 11 Online services 11 1 Blender Foundation 11 1 1 Blender Studio 11 1 2 The Blender Development Fund 11 1 3 Blender ID 11 1 4 Blender Open Data 11 1 5 Blender Network 11 1 6 Blender Store 12 See also 13 References 14 Further reading 15 External linksHistory edit nbsp A Cube in Blender version 3 6 2 Blender was initially developed as an in house application by the Dutch animation studio NeoGeo and was officially launched on January 2 1994 12 Version 1 00 was released in January 1995 13 with the primary author being company co owner and software developer Ton Roosendaal The name Blender was inspired by a song by the Swiss electronic band Yello from the album Baby which NeoGeo used in its showreel 14 15 16 Some design choices and experiences for Blender were carried over from an earlier software application called Traces that Roosendaal developed for NeoGeo on the Commodore Amiga platform during the 1987 1991 period 17 On January 1 1998 Blender was released publicly online as SGI freeware 1 NeoGeo was later dissolved and its client contracts were taken over by another company After NeoGeo s dissolution Ton Roosendaal founded Not a Number Technologies NaN in June 1998 to further develop Blender initially distributing it as shareware until NaN went bankrupt in 2002 This also resulted in the discontinuation of Blender s development 18 In May 2002 Roosendaal started the non profit Blender Foundation with the first goal to find a way to continue developing and promoting Blender as a community based open source project On July 18 2002 Roosendaal started the Free Blender campaign a crowdfunding precursor 19 20 The campaign aimed at open sourcing Blender for a one time payment of 100 000 US 100 670 at the time with the money being collected from the community 21 On September 7 2002 it was announced that they had collected enough funds and would release the Blender source code Today Blender is free and open source software largely developed by its community as well as 26 full time employees and 12 freelancers employed by the Blender Institute 22 The Blender Foundation initially reserved the right to use dual licensing so that in addition to GPL 2 0 or later Blender would have been available also under the Blender License which did not require disclosing source code but required payments to the Blender Foundation However this option was never exercised and was suspended indefinitely in 2005 23 Blender is solely available under GNU GPLv2 or any later and was not updated to the GPLv3 as no evident benefits were seen 24 In 2019 with the release of version 2 80 the integrated game engine for making and prototyping video games was removed Blender s developers recommended that users migrate to more powerful open source game engines such as Godot instead 25 26 Suzanne edit nbsp Preset Low poly 3D mesh In February 2002 the fate of the Blender software company NaN became evident as it faced imminent closure in March Nevertheless one more release was pushed out Blender 2 25 As a sort of Easter egg and last personal tag the artists and developers decided to add a 3D model of a chimpanzee head called a monkey in the software It was created by Willem Paul van Overbruggen SLiD3 who named it Suzanne the monkey after the orangutan in the Kevin Smith film Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back 27 Suzanne is Blender s alternative to more common test models such as the Utah Teapot and the Stanford Bunny A low polygon model with only 500 faces Suzanne is included in Blender and often used as a quick and easy way to test materials animations rigs textures and lighting setups It is as easily added to a scene as primitives such as a cube or plane 28 The largest Blender contest gives out an award called the Suzanne Award 29 underscoring the significance of this unique 3D model in the Blender community Release history editThis section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia s quality standards The specific problem is Overly detailed changelog relying entirely on primary sources Please help improve this section if you can August 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message The following table lists notable developments during Blender s release history green indicates the current version yellow indicates currently supported versions and red indicates versions that are no longer supported though many later versions can still be used on modern systems citation needed Version Release date 30 Notes and key changes Old version no longer maintained 1 00 January 1994 Blender in development 31 Old version no longer maintained 1 23 January 1998 SGI version released IrisGL 31 Old version no longer maintained 1 30 April 1998 Linux and FreeBSD version port to OpenGL and X11 31 Old version no longer maintained 1 4x September 1998 Sun and Linux Alpha version released 31 Old version no longer maintained 1 50 November 1998 First Manual published 31 Old version no longer maintained 1 60 April 1999 New features behind a 95 lock Windows version released 31 Old version no longer maintained 1 6x June 1999 BeOS and PPC version released 31 Old version no longer maintained 1 80 June 2000 Blender freeware again 31 Old version no longer maintained 2 00 August 2000 Interactive 3D and real time engine 31 Old version no longer maintained 2 03 2000 Handbook The official Blender 2 0 guide Old version no longer maintained 2 10 December 2000 New engine physics and Python 31 Old version no longer maintained 2 20 August 2001 Character animation system 31 Old version no longer maintained 2 21 October 2001 Blender Publisher launch 31 Old version no longer maintained 2 2x December 2001 Apple macOS version 31 Old version no longer maintained 2 25 October 13 2002 Blender Publisher freely available 31 Old version no longer maintained 2 26 February 2003 The first truly open source Blender release 31 Old version no longer maintained 2 30 November 22 2003 New GUI edits are now reversible Old version no longer maintained 2 32 February 3 2004 Ray tracing in internal renderer support for YafaRay Old version no longer maintained 2 34 August 5 2004 LSCM UV Unwrapping object particle interaction Old version no longer maintained 2 37 May 31 2005 Simulation of elastic surfaces improved subdivision surface Old version no longer maintained 2 40 December 22 2005 Greatly improved system and character animations with a non linear editing tool and added a fluid and hair simulator New functionality was based on Google Summer of Code 2005 32 Old version no longer maintained 2 41 January 25 2006 Improvements of the game engine programmable vertex and pixel shaders using Blender materials split screen mode improvements to the physics engine improved UV mapping recording of the Python scripts for sculpture or sculpture works with the help of grid or mesh mesh sculpting and set chaining models Old version no longer maintained 2 42 July 14 2006 The film Elephants Dream resulted in high development as a necessity In particular the Node System Material and Compositor has been implemented Old version no longer maintained 2 43 February 16 2007 Sculpt Modeling as a result of Google Summer of Code 2006 Old version no longer maintained 2 46 May 19 2008 With the production of Big Buck Bunny Blender gained the ability to produce grass quickly and efficiently 33 Old version no longer maintained 2 48 October 14 2008 Due to development of Yo Frankie the game engine was improved substantially 34 Old version no longer maintained 2 49 June 13 2009 New window and file manager new interface new Python API and new animation system 35 Old version no longer maintained 2 57 April 13 2011 First official stable release of 2 5 branch new interface new window manager and rewritten event and tool file processing system new animation system each setting can be animated now and new Python API 36 Old version no longer maintained 2 58 June 22 2011 New features such as the addition of the warp modifier and render baking Improvements in sculpting 37 Old version no longer maintained 2 58a July 4 2011 Some bug fixes along with small extensions in GUI and Python interface 38 Old version no longer maintained 2 59 August 13 2011 3D mouse support Old version no longer maintained 2 60 October 19 2011 Developer branches integrated into the main developer branch among other things B mesh a new rendering shading system NURBS to name a few directly from Google Summer of Code Old version no longer maintained 2 61 December 14 2011 New Render Engine Cycles added alongside Blender Internal as a preview release 39 Motion Tracking Dynamic Paint and Ocean Simulator Old version no longer maintained 2 62 February 16 2012 Motion tracking improvement further expansion of UV tools and remesh modifier Cycles render engine updates to make it more production ready Old version no longer maintained 2 63 April 27 2012 Bug fixes B mesh project completely new mesh system with n corners plus new tools dissolve inset bridge vertex slide vertex connect and bevel Old version no longer maintained 2 64 October 3 2012 Green screen keying node based compositing Old version no longer maintained 2 65 December 10 2012 Over 200 bug fixes support for the Open Shading Language and fire simulation Old version no longer maintained 2 66 February 21 2013 40 Rigid body simulation available outside of the game engine dynamic topology sculpting hair rendering now supported in Cycles Old version no longer maintained 2 67 May 7 30 2013 41 Freestyle rendering mode for non photographic rendering subsurface scattering support added the motion tracking solver is made more accurate and faster and an add on for 3D printing now comes bundled Old version no longer maintained 2 68 July 18 2013 42 Rendering performance is improved for CPUs and GPUs support for Nvidia Tesla K20 GTX Titan and GTX 780 GPUs Smoke rendering improved to reduce blockiness Old version no longer maintained 2 69 October 31 2013 43 Motion tracking now supports plane tracking and hair rendering has been improved Old version no longer maintained 2 70 March 19 2014 44 Initial support for volume rendering and small improvements to the user interface Old version no longer maintained 2 71 June 26 2014 45 Support for baking in Cycles and volume rendering branched path tracing now renders faster Old version no longer maintained 2 72 October 4 2014 46 Volume rendering for GPUs more features for sculpting and painting Old version no longer maintained 2 73 January 8 2015 47 New fullscreen mode improved Pie Menus 3D View can now display the world background Old version no longer maintained 2 74 March 31 2015 48 Cycles got several precision noise speed memory improvements and a new Pointiness attribute Old version no longer maintained 2 75a July 1 2015 49 Blender now supports a fully integrated Multi View and Stereo 3D pipeline Cycles has much awaited initial support for AMD GPUs and a new Light Portals feature Old version no longer maintained 2 76b November 3 2015 50 Cycles volume density render Pixar OpenSubdiv mesh subdivision library node inserting and video editing tools Old version no longer maintained 2 77a April 6 2016 51 Improvements to Cycles new features for the Grease Pencil more support for OpenVDB updated Python library and support for Windows XP has been removed Old version no longer maintained 2 78c February 28 2017 52 Spherical stereo rendering for virtual reality Grease Pencil improvements for 2D animations Freehand curves drawing over surfaces Bendy Bones Micropolygon displacements and Adaptive Subdivision Cycles performance improvements Old version no longer maintained 2 79b September 11 2017 53 Cycles denoiser improved OpenCL rendering support Shadow Catcher Principled BSDF Shader Filmic color management improved UI and Grease Pencil functionality improvements in Alembic import and export surface deformities modifier better animation keyframing simplified video encoding Python additions and new add ons Old version no longer maintained 2 80 July 30 2019 54 Revamped UI added a dark theme EEVEE realtime rendering engine on OpenGL Principled shader Workbench viewport Grease Pencil 2D animation tool multi object editing collections GPU CPU rendering Rigify Old version no longer maintained 2 81a November 21 2019 55 OpenVDB voxel remesh QuadriFlow remesh transparent BSDF brush curves preset in sculpting WebM support Old version no longer maintained 2 82 February 14 2020 56 Improved fluid and smoke simulation using Mantaflow UDIM support USD export and 2 new sculpting tools Old version no longer maintained 2 83LTS June 3 2020 57 Introduction of the Long Term Support LTS program VDB files support VR scene inspection new cloth sculpt brush and viewport denoising Old version no longer maintained 2 90 August 31 2020 58 Physically based Nishita Sky Texture improved EEVEE motion blur sculpting improvements including a new multiresolution modifier and modelling improvements Old version no longer maintained 2 91 November 25 2020 59 Cloth Brush improvements new sculpting Trim tool new mesh boolean solver volume to mesh and mesh to volume modifiers and customisable curve bevels Old version no longer maintained 2 92 February 25 2021 60 New Geometry Nodes procedural modelling system New interactive Add Primitive Tool sculpting improvements and Grease Pencil improvements Old version no longer maintained 2 93LTS June 2 2021 61 Expansion of Geometry Nodes with mesh primitives and a new spreadsheet editor sculpting improvements new grease pencil line art modifier and EEVEE rendering improvements Old version no longer maintained 3 0 December 3 2021 62 Major Cycles update with rewritten GPU kernels and rewritten shadow catchers and other rendering improvements Overhaul to Geometry nodes with new Fields system A new UI visual refresh as well as other features and improvements Old version no longer maintained 3 1 March 9 2022 63 Point cloud objects Cycles Metal Backend and new geometry nodes Old version no longer maintained 3 2 June 8 2022 64 Cycles light groups shadow caustics rendering sculpt mode painting and collection support in the asset browser Older version yet still maintained 3 3LTS September 7 2022 65 New procedural hair system with geometry nodes support for Intel Arc GPUs and new geometry nodes Old version no longer maintained 3 4 December 7 2022 66 Path Guiding in Cycles auto masking in sculpt mode new UV relax tool and new geometry nodes Old version no longer maintained 3 5 March 29 2023 67 New hair system with Geometry nodes and asset browser real time viewport compositor vector displacement maps for sculpting viewport performance improvements with Apple Metal Older version yet still maintained 3 6LTS June 27 2023 68 Simulation Nodes rendering performance improvements on AMD Hardware and better UV packing Old version no longer maintained 4 0 November 14 2023 69 Cycles light linking new Principled BSDF shader better Color management and Geometry Nodes improvements Current stable version 4 1 March 26 2024 70 Geometry nodes baking OpenImageDenoise performance improvements and viewport compositor improvements Future release 4 2LTS July 16 2024 71 TBC Preliminary release notes available 72 Realtime compositor improvements Legend Old versionOlder version still maintainedLatest versionLatest preview versionFuture release As of 2021 official releases of Blender for Microsoft Windows macOS and Linux 73 as well as a port for FreeBSD 74 are available in 64 bit versions Blender is available for Windows 8 1 and above and Mac OS X 10 13 and above 75 76 Blender 2 76b was the last supported release for Windows XP and version 2 63 was the last supported release for PowerPC Blender 2 83 LTS and 2 92 were the last supported versions for Windows 7 77 In 2013 Blender was released on Android as a demo but has not been updated since 3 Features editModeling edit nbsp Forensic facial reconstruction of a mummy by Cicero MoraesBlender has support for a variety of geometric primitives including polygon meshes Bezier curves NURBS surfaces metaballs icospheres text and an n gon modeling system called B mesh There is also an advanced polygonal modelling system which can be accessed through an edit mode It supports features such as extrusion bevelling and subdividing 78 Modifiers edit Modifiers apply non destructive effects which can be applied upon rendering or exporting such as subdivision surfaces Sculpting edit Blender has multi resolution digital sculpting which includes dynamic topology baking remeshing re symmetrization and decimation The latter is used to simplify models for exporting purposes an example being game assets Geometry nodes edit nbsp Geometry Nodes Editor in Blender 3 2 Blender has a geometry node system for procedurally and non destructively creating and manipulating geometry It was first added to Blender 2 92 which focuses on object scattering and instancing 79 It takes the form of a modifier so it can be stacked over other different modifiers 80 The system uses object attributes which can be modified and overridden with string inputs Attributes can include positions normals and UV maps 81 All attributes can be viewed in an attribute spreadsheet editor 82 The Geometry Nodes utility also has the capability of creating primitive meshes 83 In Blender 3 0 support for creating and modifying curves objects was added to Geometry Nodes 84 in the same release the Geometry Nodes workflow was completely redesigned with fields in order to make the system more intuitive and work like shader nodes 85 86 Simulation edit source source source source source source Cloth simulationBlender can be used to simulate smoke rain dust cloth fluids hair and rigid bodies 87 Fluid simulation edit nbsp Physics fluid simulationThe fluid simulator can be used for simulating liquids like water being poured into a cup 88 It uses Lattice Boltzmann methods LBM to simulate fluids and allows for plenty of adjustment of particles and resolution The particle physics fluid simulation creates particles that follow the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method 89 Blender has simulation tools for soft body dynamics including mesh collision detection LBM fluid dynamics smoke simulation Bullet rigid body dynamics an ocean generator with waves a particle system that includes support for particle based hair and real time control during physics simulation and rendering In Blender 2 82 a new fluid simulation system called Mantaflow was added replacing the old FLIP system 90 In Blender 2 92 another fluid simulation system called APIC which builds on Mantaflow citation needed was added Vortices and more stable calculations are improved from the FLIP system Cloth Simulation edit Cloth simulation is done by simulating vertices with a rigid body simulation If done on a 3D mesh it will produce similar effects as the soft body simulation Animation edit Blender s keyframed animation capabilities include inverse kinematics armatures hooks curve and lattice based deformations shape keys non linear animation constraints and vertex weighting In addition its Grease Pencil tools allow for 2D animation within a full 3D pipeline Rendering edit nbsp An architectural render showing different rendering styles in Blender including a photorealistic style using Cycles Blender includes three render engines since version 2 80 EEVEE Workbench and Cycles Cycles is a path tracing render engine It supports rendering through both the CPU and the GPU Cycles supports the Open Shading Language since Blender 2 65 91 Cycles Hybrid Rendering is possible in Version 2 92 with Optix Tiles are calculated with GPU in combination with CPU 92 EEVEE is a new physically based real time renderer While it is capable of driving Blender s real time viewport for creating assets thanks to its speed it can also work as a renderer for final frames Workbench is a real time render engine designed for fast rendering during modelling and animation preview It is not intended for final rendering Workbench supports assigning colors to objects for visual distinction 93 Cycles edit source source source source source source Rendering of different materials using the Cycles render engine Cycles is a path tracing render engine that is designed to be interactive and easy to use while still supporting many features 94 It has been included with Blender since 2011 with the release of Blender 2 61 Cycles supports with AVX AVX2 and AVX 512 extensions as well as CPU acceleration in modern hardware 95 GPU rendering edit Cycles supports GPU rendering which is used to speed up rendering times There are three GPU rendering modes CUDA which is the preferred method for older Nvidia graphics cards OptiX which utilizes the hardware ray tracing capabilities of Nvidia s Turing architecture amp Ampere architecture and OpenCL which supports rendering on AMD Radeon graphics cards with added Intel Iris and Xe support in 2 92 The toolkit software associated with these rendering modes does not come within Blender and needs to be separately installed and configured as per their respective source instructions Multiple GPUs are also supported with the notable exception of the EEVEE render engine 96 which can be used to create a render farm to speed up rendering by processing frames or tiles in parallel having multiple GPUs however does not increase the available memory since each GPU can only access its own memory 97 Since Version 2 90 this limitation of SLI cards is broken with Nvidia s NVLink 98 Apple s Metal API got initial implementation in Blender 3 1 for Apple computers with M1 chips and AMD graphics cards 99 A Benchmark of Blender 3 2 shows great advantages of long supported CUDA against newer API OptiX and brand new HIP for AMD Hardware 100 Some improvements in performance were added for HIP and OptiX in Blender 3 3 and 3 4 Support for Intel Arc GPUs arrived in Blender 3 3 LTS 101 102 Supported features 103 Feature CPU CUDA OPTIX 104 HIP oneAPI Metal Hardware Minimum for 3 0 x86 64 and other 64 Bit 105 Cuda 3 0 Nvidia cards Kepler to Ampere CUDA Toolkit 11 1 106 OptiX 7 3 with driver 470 Full Nvidia RTX Series Parts Maxwell AMD RDNA architecture or newer Radeon Software Drivers Windows Linux Intel Graphics Driver 30 0 101 3430 or newer on Windows OpenCL runtime 22 10 23904 on Linux Apple Computers with Apple Silicon in MacOS 12 2 AMD Graphics Cards with MacOS 12 3 Basic shading Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Shadows Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Motion blur Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Hair Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Volume Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Subsurface scattering Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Open Shading Language 1 11 OSL 1 12 6 in 3 4 Yes No Partial 107 No No No Correlated multi jittered sampling Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Bevel and AO shaders Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Baking 108 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Can use CPU memory Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Distribute memory across devices Yes render farm 109 110 Yes with NVLink Yes with NVLink No No No Experimental features Adaptive subdivision 111 Experimental Experimental Experimental Experimental Experimental Experimental Integrator edit The integrator is the core rendering algorithm used for lighting computations Cycles currently supports a path tracing integrator with direct light sampling It works well for a variety of lighting setups but it is not as suitable for caustics and certain other complex lighting situations Rays are traced from the camera into the scene bouncing around until they find a light source a lamp an object material emitting light or the world background or until they are simply terminated based on the number of maximum bounces determined in the light path settings for the renderer To find lamps and surfaces emitting light both indirect light sampling letting the ray follow the surface bidirectional scattering distribution function or BSDF and direct light sampling picking a light source and tracing a ray towards it are used 112 The default path tracing integrator is a pure path tracer This integrator works by sending several light rays that act as photons from the camera out into the scene These rays will eventually hit either a light source an object or the world background If these rays hit an object they will bounce based on the angle of impact and continue bouncing until a light source has been reached or until a maximum number of bounces as determined by the user which will cause it to terminate and result in a black unlit pixel Multiple rays are calculated and averaged out for each pixel a process known as sampling This sampling number is set by the user and greatly affects the final image Lower sampling often results in more noise and has the potential to create fireflies which are uncharacteristically bright pixels while higher sampling greatly reduces noise but also increases render times The alternative is a branched path tracing integrator which works mostly the same way Branched path tracing splits the light rays at each intersection with an object according to different surface components clarification needed and takes all lights into account for shading instead of just one This added complexity makes computing each ray slower but reduces noise in the render especially in scenes dominated by direct one bounce lighting Open Shading Language edit Blender users can create their own nodes using the Open Shading Language OSL although it is important to note that this feature is not supported by GPUs 113 nbsp Using the node editor to create a moldy gold material Materials edit Materials define the look of meshes NURBS curves and other geometric objects They consist of three shaders to define the mesh s surface appearance volume inside and surface displacement 94 The surface shader defines the light interaction at the surface of the mesh One or more bidirectional scattering distribution functions or BSDFs can specify if incoming light is reflected refracted into the mesh or absorbed 94 The alpha value is one measure of translucency When the surface shader does not reflect or absorb light it enters the volume light transmission If no volume shader is specified it will pass straight through or be refracted see refractive index or IOR to another side of the mesh If one is defined a volume shader describes the light interaction as it passes through the volume of the mesh Light may be scattered absorbed or even emitted clarification needed at any point in the volume 94 The shape of the surface may be altered by displacement shaders In this way textures can be used to make the mesh surface more detailed Depending on the settings the displacement may be virtual only modifying the surface normals to give the impression of displacement also known as bump mapping real or a combination of real displacement with bump mapping 94 EEVEE edit EEVEE or Eevee is a real time PBR renderer included in Blender from version 2 8 114 This render engine was given the nickname EEVEE 115 after the Pokemon The name was later made into the backronym Extra Easy Virtual Environment Engine or EEVEE 116 Workbench edit Using the default 3D viewport drawing system for modeling texturing etc 117 External renderers edit Free and open source 118 Mitsuba Renderer 119 YafaRay previously Yafray LuxCoreRender previously LuxRender Appleseed Renderer 120 POV Ray NOX Renderer 121 Armory3D a free and open source game engine for Blender written in Haxe 122 Radeon ProRender Radeon ProRender for Blender Malt Render a non photorealistic renderer with GLSL shading capabilities 123 Proprietary Pixar RenderMan Blender render addon for RenderMan 124 Octane Render OctaneRender plugin for Blender Indigo Renderer Indigo for Blender V Ray V Ray for Blender V Ray Standalone is needed for rendering Maxwell Render B Maxwell addon for Blender Thea Render Thea for Blender 125 Corona Renderer Blender To Corona exporter Corona Standalone is needed for rendering 126 Texturing and shading edit Blender allows procedural and node based textures as well as texture painting projective painting vertex painting weight painting and dynamic painting Post production edit nbsp The Video Sequence Editor VSE Blender has a node based compositor within the rendering pipeline which is accelerated with OpenCL It also includes a non linear video editor called the Video Sequence Editor VSE with support for effects like Gaussian blur color grading fade and wipe transitions and other video transformations However there is no built in multi core support for rendering video with the VSE Plugins addons and scripts edit Blender supports Python scripting for the creation of custom tools prototyping importing exporting from other formats and task automation This allows for integration with several external render engines through plugins addons Blender itself can also be compiled amp imported as a python library for further automation and development File format edit Blender features an internal file system that can pack multiple scenes into a single blend file Most of Blender s blend files are forward backward and cross platform compatible with other versions of Blender with the following exceptions Loading animations stored in post 2 5 files in Blender pre 2 5 This is due to the reworked animation subsystem introduced in Blender 2 5 being inherently incompatible with older versions Loading meshes stored in post 2 63 This is due to the introduction of BMesh a more versatile mesh format Blender 2 8 blend files are no longer fully backward compatible causing errors when opened in previous versions Many 3 x blend files are not completely backwards compatible as well and may cause errors with previous versions All scenes objects materials textures sounds images and post production effects for an entire animation can be packaged and stored in a single blend file Data loaded from external sources such as images and sounds can also be stored externally and referenced through either an absolute or relative file path Likewise blend files themselves can also be used as libraries of Blender assets Interface configurations are retained in blend files A wide variety of import export scripts that extend Blender capabilities accessing the object data via an internal API make it possible to interoperate with other 3D tools Blender organizes data as various kinds of data blocks akin to glTF such as Objects Meshes Lamps Scenes Materials Images and so on An object in Blender consists of multiple data blocks for example what the user would describe as a polygon mesh consists of at least an Object and a Mesh data block and usually also a Material and many more linked together This allows various data blocks to refer to each other There may be for example multiple Objects that refer to the same Mesh and making subsequent editing of the shared mesh results in shape changes in all Objects using this Mesh Objects meshes materials textures etc can also be linked to other blend files which is what allows the use of blend files as reusable resource libraries Import and export edit The software supports a variety of 3D file formats for import and export among them Alembic 3D Studio 3DS FBX DXF SVG STL for 3D printing UDIM USD VRML WebM X3D and OBJ 127 Deprecated features edit Blender Game Engine edit The Blender Game Engine was a built in real time graphics and logic engine with features such as collision detection a dynamics engine and programmable logic It also allowed the creation of stand alone real time applications ranging from architectural visualization to video games In April 2018 the engine was removed from the upcoming Blender 2 8 release series due to updates and revisions to the engine lagging behind other game engines such as Unity and the open source Godot 25 In the 2 8 announcements the Blender team specifically mentioned the Godot engine as a suitable replacement for migrating Blender Game Engine users 26 Blender Internal edit Blender Internal a biased rasterization engine and scanline renderer used in previous versions of Blender was also removed for the 2 80 release in favor of the new EEVEE renderer a realtime physically based renderer 128 User interface edit nbsp Blender s user interface underwent a significant update with Blender 2 57 and again with the release of Blender 2 80 Commands edit Most of the commands are accessible via hotkeys There are also comprehensive graphical menus Numeric buttons can be dragged to change their value directly without the need to aim at a particular widget as well as being set using the keyboard Both sliders and number buttons can be constrained to various step sizes with modifiers like the Ctrl and Shift keys Python expressions can also be typed directly into number entry fields allowing mathematical expressions to specify values Modes edit Blender includes many modes for interacting with objects the two primary ones being Object Mode and Edit Mode which are toggled with the Tab key Object mode is used to manipulate individual objects as a unit while Edit mode is used to manipulate the actual object data For example an Object Mode can be used to move scale and rotate entire polygon meshes and Edit Mode can be used to manipulate the individual vertices of a single mesh There are also several other modes such as Vertex Paint Weight Paint and Sculpt Mode Workspaces edit The Blender GUI builds its tiled windowing system on top of one or multiple windows provided by the underlying platform One platform window often sized to fill the screen is divided into sections and subsections that can be of any type of Blender s views or window types The user can define multiple layouts of such Blender windows called screens and switch quickly between them by selecting from a menu or with keyboard shortcuts Each window type s own GUI elements can be controlled with the same tools that manipulate the 3D view For example one can zoom in and out of GUI buttons using similar controls one zooms in and out in the 3D viewport The GUI viewport and screen layout are fully user customizable It is possible to set up the interface for specific tasks such as video editing or UV mapping or texturing by hiding features not used for the task Development edit nbsp Game engine GLSL materials Since the opening of the source code Blender has experienced significant refactoring of the initial codebase and major additions to its feature set Improvements include an animation system refresh 129 a stack based modifier system 130 an updated particle system 131 which can also be used to simulate hair and fur fluid dynamics soft body dynamics GLSL shaders support 132 in the game engine advanced UV unwrapping 133 a fully recoded render pipeline allowing separate render passes and render to texture node based material editing and compositing and projection painting 134 Part of these developments was fostered by Google s Summer of Code program in which the Blender Foundation has participated since 2005 Historically Blender has used Phabricator to manage its development but due to the announcement in 2021 that Phabricator would be discontinued 135 the Blender Institute began work on migrating to another software in early 2022 136 After extensive debate on what software it should choose 137 it was finally decided to migrate to Gitea 138 The migration from Phabricator to Gitea is currently a work in progress 139 Blender 2 8 edit Official planning for the next major revision of Blender after the 2 7 series began in the latter half of 2015 with potential targets including a more configurable UI dubbed Blender 101 support for Physically based rendering PBR dubbed EEVEE for Extra Easy Virtual Environment Engine to bring improved realtime 3D graphics to the viewport allowing the use of C 11 and C99 in the codebase moving to a newer version of OpenGL and dropping support for versions before 3 2 and a possible overhaul of the particle and constraint systems 140 141 Blender Internal renderer has been removed from 2 8 128 Code Quest was a project started in April 2018 set in Amsterdam at the Blender Institute 142 The goal of the project was to get a large development team working in one place in order to speed up the development of Blender 2 8 142 By June 29 2018 the Code Quest project ended and on July 2 the alpha version was completed 143 Beta testing commenced on November 29 2018 and was anticipated to take until July 2019 144 Blender 2 80 was released on July 30 2019 145 Cycles X edit On April 23 2021 the Blender Foundation announced the Cycles X project where they improved the Cycles architecture for future development Key changes included a new kernel removal of default tiled rendering replaced by progressive refine removal of branched path tracing and the removal of OpenCL support Volumetric rendering was also replaced with better algorithms 146 147 148 Cycles X had only been accessible in an experimental branch 149 until September 21 2021 when it was merged into the master build 150 Support editBlender is extensively documented on its website 151 There are also a number of online communities dedicated to support such as the Blender Stack Exchange 152 Modified versions editDue to Blender s open source nature other programs have tried to take advantage of its success by repackaging and selling cosmetically modified versions of it Examples include IllusionMage 3DMofun 3DMagix and Fluid Designer 153 the latter being recognized as Blender based Use in industry editBlender started as an in house tool for NeoGeo a Dutch commercial animation company 154 The first large professional project that used Blender was Spider Man 2 where it was primarily used to create animatics and pre visualizations for the storyboard department 155 The French language film Friday or Another Day Vendredi ou un autre jour fr was the first 35 mm feature film to use Blender for all the special effects made on Linux workstations 156 It won a prize at the Locarno International Film Festival The special effects were by Digital Graphics of Belgium 157 Tomm Moore s The Secret of Kells which was partly produced in Blender by the Belgian studio Digital Graphics has been nominated for an Oscar in the category Best Animated Feature Film 158 Blender has also been used for shows on the History Channel alongside many other professional 3D graphics programs 159 Plumiferos a commercial animated feature film created entirely in Blender 160 had premiered in February 2010 in Argentina Its main characters are anthropomorphic talking animals Blender is used by NASA for many publicly available 3D models Many 3D models on NASA s 3D resources page are in a native blend format 161 Special effects for episode 6 of Red Dwarf season X screened in 2012 were created using Blender as confirmed by Ben Simonds of Gecko Animation 162 163 164 Blender was used for previsualization in Captain America The Winter Soldier 165 Some promotional artwork for Super Smash Bros for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U was partially created using Blender 166 The alternative hip hop group Death Grips has used Blender to produce music videos A screenshot from the program is briefly visible in the music video for Inanimate Sensation 167 The visual effects for the TV series The Man in the High Castle were done in Blender with some of the particle simulations relegated to Houdini 168 169 170 NASA also used Blender to develop an interactive web application Experience Curiosity to celebrate the 3rd anniversary of the Curiosity rover landing on Mars 171 This app 172 makes it possible to operate the rover control its cameras and the robotic arm and reproduces some of the prominent events of the Mars Science Laboratory mission 173 The application was presented at the beginning of the WebGL section on SIGGRAPH 2015 174 List entry too long Blender was used for both CGI and compositing for the movie Hardcore Henry 175 The visual effects in the feature film Sabogal were done in Blender 176 VFX supervisor Bill Westenhofer used Blender to create the character Murloc in the 2016 film Warcraft 177 Director David F Sandberg used Blender for multiple shots in Lights Out 178 and Annabelle Creation 179 180 Blender was used for parts of the credit sequences in Wonder Woman 181 Blender was used for doing the animation in the film Cinderella the Cat 182 VFX Artist Ian Hubert used Blender for the science fiction film Prospect 183 The 2018 film Next Gen was fully created in Blender by Tangent Animation A team of developers worked on improving Blender for internal use but it is planned to eventually add those improvements to the official Blender build 184 185 The 2019 film I Lost My Body was largely animated using Blender s Grease Pencil tool by drawing over CGI animation allowing for a real sense of camera movement that is harder to achieve in purely traditionally drawn animation 186 Ubisoft Animation Studio will use Blender to replace its internal content creation software starting in 2020 187 Khara and its child company Project Studio Q are trying to replace their main tool 3ds Max with Blender They started field verification of Blender during their ongoing production of Evangelion 3 0 1 0 188 They also signed up as Corporate Silver and Bronze members of Development Fund 189 190 191 The 2020 film Wolfwalkers was partially created using Blender 192 In 2021 SPA Studios started hiring Blender artists 193 and as of 2022 contributes to Blender Development 194 The 2021 Netflix production Maya and the Three was created using Blender 195 Warner Bros Animation started hiring Blender artists in 2022 196 VFX company Makuta VFX used Blender for the VFX for Indian blockbuster RRR 197 Open projects editIt has been suggested that this section be split out into another article titled Open projects of the Blender Foundation Discuss April 2023 nbsp Big Buck Bunny promotional poster nbsp Sintel promotional poster nbsp Tears of Steel promotional poster Since 2005 every one to two years the Blender Foundation has announced a new creative project to help drive innovation in Blender 198 199 In response to the success of the first open movie project Elephants Dream in 2006 the Blender Foundation founded the Blender Institute to be in charge of additional projects with two projects announced at first Big Buck Bunny also known as Project Peach a furry and funny short open animated film project and Yo Frankie or Project Apricot an open game utilizing the Crystal Space game engine that reused some of the assets created for Big Buck Bunny Elephants Dream Project Orange edit Main article Elephants Dream In September 2005 some of the most notable Blender artists and developers began working on a short film using primarily free software in an initiative known as the Orange Movie Project hosted by the Netherlands Media Art Institute NIMk The codename Orange about the fruit started the trend of giving each project a different fruity name The resulting film Elephants Dream premiered on March 24 2006 Big Buck Bunny Project Peach edit Main article Big Buck Bunny On October 1 2007 a new team started working on a second open project Peach for the production of the short movie Big Buck Bunny This time however the creative concept was different Instead of the deep and mystical style of Elephants Dream things are more funny and furry according to the official site 200 The movie had its premiere on April 10 2008 This later made its way to Nintendo 3DS s Nintendo Video in May 2012 201 Yo Frankie Open Game Project Apricot edit Main article Yo Frankie Apricot was the project name for the production of a game based on the universe and characters of the Peach movie Big Buck Bunny using free software including the Crystal Space framework The resulting game is titled Yo Frankie The project started on February 1 2008 and development was completed at the end of July A finalized product was expected at the end of August however the release was delayed The game was eventually released on December 9 2008 under either the GNU GPL or LGPL with all content being licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 3 0 202 Sintel Project Durian edit Main article Sintel The Blender Foundation s Project Durian 203 in keeping with the tradition of fruits as code names was this time chosen to make a fantasy action epic of about twelve minutes in length 204 starring a teenage girl and a young dragon as the main characters The film premiered online on September 30 2010 205 A game based on Sintel was officially announced on Blenderartists org on May 12 2010 206 207 Many of the new features integrated into Blender 2 5 and beyond were a direct result of Project Durian Tears of Steel Project Mango edit Main article Tears of Steel nbsp The Dutch actor Derek de Lint in a composited live action scene from Tears of Steel that used VFX On October 2 2011 the fourth open movie project codenamed Mango was announced by the Blender Foundation 208 209 A team of artists assembled using an open call of community participation It is the first Blender open movie to use live action as well as CG Filming for Mango started on May 7 2012 and the movie was released on September 26 2012 As with the previous films all footage scenes and models were made available under a free content compliant Creative Commons license 210 209 According to the film s press release The film s premise is about a group of warriors and scientists who gather at the Oude Kerk in Amsterdam to stage a crucial event from the past in a desperate attempt to rescue the world from destructive robots 211 Cosmos Laundromat First Cycle Project Gooseberry edit Main article Cosmos Laundromat source source source source source source source source track track track track track Cosmos Laundromat First Cycle On January 10 2011 Ton Roosendaal announced that the fifth open movie project would be codenamed Gooseberry and that its goal would be to produce a feature length animated film He speculated that production would begin sometime between 2012 and 2014 212 The film was to be written and produced by a coalition of international animation studios The studio lineup was announced on January 28 2014 213 and production began soon thereafter As of March 2014 a moodboard had been constructed 214 and development goals set The initial ten minute pilot was released on YouTube on August 10 2015 215 It won the SIGGRAPH 2016 Computer Animation Festival Jury s Choice award 216 Glass Half edit This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it November 2018 On November 13 2015 Glass Half was released in HD format 217 This project demonstrates real time rendering capabilities using OpenGL for 3D cartoon animation It also marks the end of the fruit naming scheme Glass Half was financed by the Blender Foundation with proceeds from the Blender Cloud 218 It is a short roughly three minute long comedy in a gibberish language that addresses subjectivity in art source source source source source source source source source source track track track track track track track track track track track track track track Glass Half Caminandes edit Main article Caminandes source source source source source source source source Gran Dillama Caminandes is a series of animated short films envisioned by Pablo Vazquez of Argentina It centers on a llama named Koro in Patagonia and his attempts to overcome various obstacles The series only became part of the Open Movie Project starting with the second episode Caminandes 1 Llama Drama 2013 Caminandes 2 Gran Dillama 2013 Caminandes 3 Llamigos 2016 Agent 327 Operation Barbershop edit This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it November 2018 Agent 327 Operation Barbershop is a three minute teaser released on May 15 2017 for a planned full length animated feature The three minute teaser is uploaded to YouTube by the official Blender Studio channel Co directed by Colin Levy and Hjalti Hjalmarsson 219 it is based on the classic Dutch comic series Agent 327 This teaser film also acts as a proof of concept to attract funding for the full length animated feature 220 Agent 327 Operation Barbershop showcases the latest technology of Cycles engine the render engine that has been included in Blender since 2011 221 Assets from this teaser have been released under Creative Commons license via Blender Cloud 220 source source source source source source source source Agent 327 Hero edit This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it November 2018 Hero is the first open movie project to demonstrate the capabilities of the Grease Pencil a 2D animation tool in Blender 2 8 It was put on YouTube on April 16 2018 It has a roughly four minute runtime which includes over a minute of behind the scenes making of footage It showcases the art of Spanish animator Daniel Martinez Lara source source source source source source source source Hero Spring edit source source source source source source source source track Spring Spring is the story of a shepherd girl and her dog who face ancient spirits to continue the cycle of life This poetic and visually stunning short film was written and directed by Andy Goralczyk inspired by his childhood in the mountains of Germany On October 25 2017 an animated short film named Spring was announced Spring was released April 4 2019 222 223 Its purpose was to test Blender 2 8 s capabilities before its official release Coffee Run edit source source source source source source source source Coffee Run Fueled by caffeine a young woman runs through the bittersweet memories of her past relationship On May 29 2020 the open movie Coffee Run was released It was the first open movie to be rendered in the EEVEE render engine It was released on July 30 2019 224 Settlers edit A collection of assets and animated scenes created by the Blender Studio in 2020 with an emphasis on expressive non photorealistic rendering and experimental shading All assets created for this are freely available to all 225 Sprite Fright edit source source source source source source source source track track track track track track track track track track Sprite FrightSprite Fright is the 13th open movie It is set in Britain and draws inspiration from 1980s horror comedy It is directed by Pixar story artist Mathew Luhn with Hjalti Hjalmarsson 226 227 228 It is about a group of teenagers being attacked and killed by Sprites after they litter the forest 229 It premiered at Eye Film in the Netherlands on 28 October 2021 and was publicly released on Blender Studio and YouTube on 29 October 2021 230 231 Charge edit source source source source source source source source source source track track track track track track track track track track track track track track track track track track track track track track track track track Charge A cinematic short with an emphasis on photo realism The short takes place in Iceland and is intended to improve Blender s PBR texturing workflow 232 Online services editBlender Foundation edit Blender Studio edit The Blender Studio platform launched in March 2014 as Blender Cloud 233 234 235 is a subscription based cloud computing platform where members can access Blender add ons courses and to keep track of the production of Blender Studio s open movies 236 It is currently operated by the Blender Studio formerly a part of the Blender Institute 22 It was launched to promote and fundraiser for Project Gooseberry and is intended to replace the selling of DVDs by the Blender Foundation with a subscription based model for file hosting asset sharing and collaboration 233 237 Blender Add ons included in Blender Studio are CloudRig 238 Blender Kitsu 239 Contact sheet Add on 240 Blender Purge 241 and Shot Builder 242 243 244 It was rebranded from Blender Cloud to Blender Studio on 22 October 2021 245 The Blender Development Fund edit The Blender Development Fund is a subscription where individuals and companies can fund Blender s development 246 Corporate members include Epic Games 247 Nvidia 248 Microsoft 249 Apple 250 Unity 251 Intel 252 Decentraland 253 Amazon Web Services 254 Meta 255 AMD 256 Adobe 257 and many more Individual users can also provide one time donations to Blender via payment card PayPal wire transfer and some cryptocurrencies 258 Blender ID edit The Blender ID is a unified login for Blender software and service users providing a login for Blender Studio the Blender Store the Blender Conference Blender Network Blender Development Fund and the Blender Foundation Certified Trainer Program 259 Blender Open Data edit nbsp Example of Blender Benchmark in use The Blender Open Data is a platform to collect display and query benchmark data produced by the Blender community with related Blender Benchmark software 260 Blender Network edit The Blender Network was an online platform to enable online professionals to conduct business with Blender and provide online support 261 It was terminated on 31 March 2021 262 Blender Store edit A store to buy Blender merchandise such as shirts socks beanies etc 263 See also edit nbsp Free and open source software portal CAD library MB Lab a Blender add on for the parametric 3D modeling of photorealistic humanoid characters MakeHuman List of free and open source software packages List of video editing software List of 3D printing softwareReferences edit a b Blender s 25th birthday blender org January 2 2019 Retrieved January 7 2019 Blender 4 1 Release Notes 26 March 2024 Retrieved 26 March 2024 a b Index of demo android download blender org Retrieved 2020 09 23 FreshPorts graphics blender 3D modeling rendering animation gaming package www freshports org OpenPorts se The OpenBSD package collection openports se Archived from the original on 2020 07 26 Retrieved 2019 06 19 pkgsrc se The NetBSD package collection pkgsrc se The dedicated application build system for DragonFly BSD DragonFlyBSD DPorts July 23 2019 via GitHub GitHub haikuports haikuports Software ports for the Haiku operating system July 27 2019 via GitHub Blender 3 3 Release Index blender org Retrieved September 12 2022 Blender 3 3 Download Page blender org Retrieved September 12 2022 License blender org Retrieved May 17 2014 How Blender started twenty years ago Blender Developers Blog Blender Foundation Retrieved 2019 01 10 Doc DK 2 6 Manual BlenderWiki Blender org Retrieved 2019 01 11 Ton Roosendaal Reveals the Origin of Blender s name BlenderNation 2021 10 19 Retrieved 2021 10 20 Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine NeoGeo Blender YouTube 2011 10 28 Retrieved 2019 06 11 Kassenaar Joeri 2006 07 20 Brief history of the Blender logo Traces Archived from the original on 2010 01 22 Retrieved 2010 01 22 Blender s prehistory Traces on Commodore Amiga 1987 1991 zgodzinski com Blender History Blender org Retrieved March 29 2018 Blender Foundation Launches Campaign to Open Blender Source Linux Today Archived from the original on 2020 11 28 Retrieved 2017 01 22 Free Blender campaign 2002 10 10 Archived from the original on 2002 10 10 Retrieved 2017 01 22 members 2002 10 10 Archived from the original on 2002 10 10 Retrieved 2017 01 22 a b Blender org About Amsterdam Retrieved 2021 02 01 Roosendaal Ton June 2005 Blender License Archived from the original on March 4 2016 Retrieved January 19 2007 Prokoudine Alexandre 26 January 2012 What s up with DWG adoption in free software libregraphicsworld org Archived from the original on 9 November 2016 Retrieved 2015 12 05 Blender s Ton Roosendaal Blender is also still GPLv2 or later For the time being we stick to that moving to GPL 3 has no evident benefits I know of My advice for LibreDWG if you make a library choosing a widely compatible license MIT BSD or LGPL is a very positive choice a b rB159806140fd3 developer blender org Retrieved 2019 02 28 a b Blender 2 80 release blender org Retrieved 2020 01 16 Meet Suzanne the Blender Monkey dummies Retrieved 2024 01 22 Primitives Blender Manual docs blender org Retrieved 2023 08 26 Blender Foundation 2019 Suzanne Awards 2019 Conference blender org Retrieved 2022 07 19 Index of source blender org Retrieved October 13 2010 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Foundation Blender Blender s History Blender 2 40 blender org Archived from the original on March 4 2007 Retrieved December 23 2005 3D Software Blender 2 46 zum Download freigegeben heise de in German 20 May 2008 Retrieved May 20 2008 Blender 2 48 blender org Archived from the original on January 20 2009 Retrieved December 25 2008 Blender 2 49 blender org Archived from the original on June 11 2009 Retrieved June 21 2009 Blender 2 57 blender org Archived from the original on October 30 2013 Retrieved April 13 2011 blenderfoundation 2011 07 09 Blender 2 58 release notes blender org Retrieved 2019 01 14 blenderfoundation 2011 07 09 Blender 2 58a update log blender org Retrieved 2019 01 14 Dev Ref Release Notes 2 61 BlenderWiki archive blender org Retrieved 2020 11 26 Foundation Blender 2 66 blender org Retrieved 2024 04 01 Foundation Blender 2 67 blender org Retrieved 2024 04 01 Foundation Blender 2 68 blender org Retrieved 2024 04 01 Foundation Blender 2 69 blender org Retrieved 2024 04 01 Foundation Blender 2 70 blender org Retrieved 2024 04 01 Foundation Blender 2 71 blender org Retrieved 2024 04 01 Foundation Blender 2 72 blender org Retrieved 2024 04 01 Foundation Blender 2 73 blender org Retrieved 2024 04 01 Foundation Blender 2 74 blender org Retrieved 2024 04 01 Foundation Blender 2 75 blender org Retrieved 2024 04 01 Foundation Blender 2 76 blender org Retrieved 2024 04 01 Foundation Blender 2 77 blender org Retrieved 2024 04 01 Foundation Blender 2 78 blender org Retrieved 2024 04 01 Foundation Blender 2 79 blender org Retrieved 2024 04 01 Foundation Blender 2 80 blender org Retrieved 2024 04 01 Foundation Blender 2 81 blender org Retrieved 2024 04 01 Foundation Blender 2 82 blender org Retrieved 2024 04 01 Foundation Blender 2 83 LTS blender org Retrieved 2020 06 10 Foundation Blender 2 90 blender org Retrieved 2021 10 02 2 91 blender org Retrieved 2020 11 26 Foundation Blender 2 92 blender org Retrieved 2021 02 27 Foundation Blender 2 93 LTS blender org Retrieved 2024 04 01 Foundation Blender 3 0 blender org Retrieved 2024 04 01 Foundation Blender 3 1 blender org Retrieved 2024 04 01 Foundation Blender 3 2 blender org Retrieved 2024 03 29 Foundation Blender 3 3 LTS blender org Retrieved 2024 03 29 Foundation Blender 3 4 blender org Retrieved 2024 03 28 Foundation Blender 3 5 blender org Retrieved 2024 03 27 Foundation Blender 3 6 LTS blender org Retrieved 2024 03 27 Blender 4 0 release notes Foundation Blender 4 1 blender org Retrieved 2024 03 27 blender blender Blender Projects Retrieved 2024 03 27 Reference Release Notes 4 2 Blender Developer Wiki Download blender org Home of the Blender project Free and Open 3D Creation Software Blender Foundation Retrieved July 30 2014 FreeBSD Ports Graphics FreeBSD The FreeBSD Project March 16 2018 Archived from the original on September 20 2020 Retrieved March 16 2018 Requirements What You Need to Get Started with Blender 17 December 2023 System Requirements Blender org Retrieved March 29 2016 Editing Blender Manual docs blender org Retrieved 2022 03 18 Blender 2 92 Release Notes blender org Archived from the original on 2021 02 25 Geometry Nodes Modifier Blender Manual docs blender org Retrieved 2021 10 08 Attributes Blender Manual docs blender org Retrieved 2021 10 08 Spreadsheet Blender Manual docs blender org Retrieved 2021 10 08 Mesh Primitive Nodes Blender Manual docs blender org Retrieved 2021 10 08 Foundation Blender Procedural Curves in 3 0 and Beyond Blender Developers Blog Retrieved 2021 09 27 Foundation Blender Attributes and Fields Blender Developers Blog Retrieved 2021 10 02 Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine Geometry Nodes Fields Explained retrieved 2021 10 02 Introduction to Physics Simulation Blender Reference Manual www blender org Retrieved 2015 12 02 Create a Realistic Water Simulation Blender Guru Blender Guru 9 November 2011 Retrieved 2015 12 02 Fluid Physics Blender Reference Manual www blender org Archived from the original on 2015 12 08 Retrieved 2015 12 02 Reference Release Notes 2 82 Blender Developer Wiki wiki blender org Retrieved 2020 06 10 Cycles support OpenSL shading blender org Archived from the original on January 25 2013 Retrieved January 26 2013 RBbfb6fce6594e Blender Documentation Team Rendering Workbench Introduction Blender Manual Retrieved 2023 02 07 a b c d e Introduction Blender Reference Manual www blender org Retrieved 2015 10 18 Jaros Milan Strakos Petr Riha Lubomir Rending in Blender Cycles Using AVX 512 Vectorization PDF Retrieved March 2 2023 Limitations Blender Manual www blender org Retrieved 2023 01 12 GPU Rendering Blender Reference Manual www blender org Retrieved 2015 10 18 Blender 2 90 Cycles updates in Multi GPU NVLink Blender 3D Architect 10 August 2020 Reference Release Notes 3 1 Cycles Blender Developer Wiki AMD HIP vs NVIDIA CUDA vs NVIDIA OptiX on Blender 3 2 rBa02992f13138 developer blender org Retrieved 2022 07 04 Foundation Blender Intel Arc GPU support for Cycles using oneAPI Blender Developers Blog Retrieved 2022 09 26 GPU Rendering Blender Manual Cycles Optix feature completeness Blender Projects Debian Package Search Results blender packages debian org Building Blender CUDA Blender Developer Wiki Open Shading Language Blender 4 1 Manual Render Baking Blender Manual rentaflop SheepIt Render Farm Adaptive Subdivision Blender Manual Integrator Blender Reference Manual www blender org Archived from the original on 2015 10 09 Retrieved 2015 10 18 Open Shading Language Blender Manual www blender org Archived from the original on December 12 2019 Retrieved December 12 2019 Eevee Roadmap Code blender org 2017 03 23 Retrieved 2019 06 11 Roosendaal Ton Ton Roosendaal EEVEE Twitter Retrieved 2019 06 11 Blender Developers Blog Viewport Project Plan of Action Code blender org 2016 12 15 Retrieved 2019 06 11 Ton Roosendaal on Twitter Twitter Retrieved May 24 2018 External Renderers Archived from the original on 2018 03 09 Retrieved 2018 06 14 Mitsuba Renderer BlenderNation 24 November 2010 Appleseed Renderer BlenderNation 2 May 2012 Getting started with NOX Renderer in Blender BlenderNation 3 September 2014 Armory 3D Engine armory3d org Retrieved 2022 01 05 malt render malt3d com Retrieved 2022 01 01 RenderMan for Blender 24 0 Renderman Documentation Retrieved 2022 01 05 Blender Add on for Thea Render BlenderNation 3 October 2013 Blender amp Corona Renderer Tutorial BlenderNation 13 November 2014 Importing amp Exporting Files Blender Manual docs blender org a b Blender Internal renderer removed from 2 8 BlenderNation April 19 2018 Blender Animation system refresh project blender org Retrieved 2019 01 14 Modifiers blender org Retrieved 2019 01 14 New Particle options and Guides Blender org Retrieved 2012 07 06 GLSL Pixel and Vertex shaders Blender org Retrieved 2012 07 06 Subsurf UV Mapping Blender org Retrieved 2012 07 06 Dev Ref Release Notes 2 49 Projection Paint BlenderWiki blender org June 3 2009 Retrieved 2019 01 14 Phacility is Winding Down Operations admin phacility com Retrieved 2022 08 09 GitLab Gitea Call for participation on the future of Blender s development platform retrieved 2022 08 09 Developer blender org Call for comments and participation Blender Developer Talk 2022 03 16 Retrieved 2022 08 09 Marijnissen Arnd 2022 06 27 Bf committers Gitea as choice for Phabricator migration Reasons and timeline Retrieved 2022 08 09 Foundation Blender Gitea Diaries Part 1 Blender Developers Blog Retrieved 2022 08 09 Blender 2 8 the Workflow release code blender org June 20 2015 Retrieved September 9 2017 2 8 project developer kickoff meeting notes code blender org November 1 2015 Retrieved September 9 2017 a b Foundation Blender Announcing Blender 2 8 Code Quest blender org blender org Retrieved 2018 07 07 Foundation Blender Beyond the Code Quest Blender Developers Blog Blender Developers Blog Retrieved 2018 07 07 2 80 Release Plan Blender Developers Blog blender org April 12 2019 Retrieved April 18 2019 Foundation Blender Release Notes blender org Retrieved 2019 08 14 Foundation Blender Cycles X Blender Developers Blog Retrieved 2021 05 01 Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine Cycles X retrieved 2021 05 01 Blender Announces Cycles X The Blazingly Fast Future of Cycles BlenderNation 2021 04 23 Retrieved 2021 05 01 Foundation Blender Blender Experimental Builds blender org Blender Experimental Builds blender org Retrieved 2021 05 01 Cycles X now in Blender 3 0 alpha BlenderNation 2021 09 21 Retrieved 2021 09 23 Main Page BlenderWiki Wiki blender org 2016 11 03 Retrieved 2017 01 22 Blender Stack Exchange Blender Stack Exchange Retrieved 2022 02 09 Re branding Blender Blender org Retrieved March 11 2014 History blender org 2002 10 13 Retrieved 2012 07 06 Testimonials Wayback Machine Archived from the original on February 21 2007 blender Users skynet be Archived from the original on November 27 2011 Retrieved October 22 2009 Digital Graphics Friday or Another Day Digitalgraphics be Archived from the original on 2018 11 08 Retrieved 2018 11 08 The Secret of Kells nominated for an Oscar blendernation com 2010 02 04 Archived from the original on 2010 02 05 Blender on the History Channel at BlenderNation Blendernation com 27 September 2006 Retrieved October 22 2009 Blender Movie Project Plumiferos March 8 2006 Retrieved February 4 2007 Group BSG Web Cassini nasa3d arc nasa gov Gecko Animation Smegging Spaceshipes Gecko Animation Archived from the original on 2013 12 24 Retrieved 2013 08 05 Ben Simonds Portfolio RED DWARF X Ben Simonds 4 October 2012 Blender used for Red Dwarf BlenderNation October 11 2012 Retrieved October 7 2019 Failes Ian May 1 2014 Captain America The Winter Soldier reaching new heights fxguide com Retrieved October 7 2019 Karon Pavla 7 December 2017 Max Puliero I Use Blender Because It s Powerful Not Because It s Free CG Cookie Retrieved 2019 06 11 Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine Death Grips Inanimate Sensation YouTube www youtube com Retrieved 2020 07 17 Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine Blender used at VFX studio retrieved 2021 10 09 The Man in the High Castle Season 2 VFX Barnstorm VFX We produced the Visual Effects for Man in the High Castle Season 2 Reddit 3 February 2017 New Online Exploring Tools Bring NASA s Journey to Mars to New Generation NASA 5 August 2015 Retrieved 2015 08 07 Experience Curiosity NASA s Eyes Retrieved 2015 08 07 Internet 3D Take the Curiosity Rover for a Spin Right on the NASA Website Technology Org 11 August 2015 Retrieved 2015 08 12 Khronos Events 2015 SIGGRAPH Khronos 10 August 2015 Retrieved 2015 08 13 Hardcore Henry using Blender for VFX Blender News Feature length film Sabogal BlenderNation May 1 2015 Retrieved October 7 2019 Richard Kennedy July 7 2016 Blender Used In Warcraft 2016 Feature Film BlenderNation Retrieved October 7 2019 Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine Sandberg David F November 20 2016 The Homemade VFX in Lights Out YouTube Retrieved October 7 2019 Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine Sandberg David F April 4 2017 Annabelle Creation Trailer Behind The Scenes YouTube Retrieved October 7 2019 Interview With David F Sandberg openvisualfx com June 6 2017 Retrieved October 7 2019 Wonder Woman 2017 artofthetitle com 2017 06 21 Retrieved 2017 09 11 Cinderella the Cat Interview Alessandro Rak Director cineuropa org 2017 07 09 Retrieved 2017 09 11 World Building in Blender Ian Hubert retrieved 2022 03 09 Next Gen Blender Production by Tangent Animation soon on Netflix BlenderNation BlenderNation 2018 08 20 Retrieved 2018 09 12 Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine Blender and Next Gen a Netflix Original Jeff Bell Blender Conference 2018 2018 11 04 Retrieved 2018 11 08 Failes Ian 2019 11 30 How the I Lost My Body filmmakers used Blender to create their startling animated feature befores amp afters Retrieved 2021 10 04 Ubisoft Joins Blender Development Fund to Support Open Source Animation Ubisoft 2019 07 22 Archived from the original on 2019 07 23 Retrieved 2019 07 29 Nishida Munechika 2019 08 14 やっと3Dツールが紙とペンのような存在になる エヴァ制作のカラーがBlenderへの移行を進める理由とは 西田宗千佳 Finally 3D tools become something like paper and pen Why Khara produced Eva is moving to Blender Nishida Munechika Engadget 日本版 in Japanese Retrieved 2019 08 15 Blender開発基金への賛同について About supporting Blender Development Fund Khara Inc in Japanese 2019 07 30 Retrieved 2019 08 15 Blender blender org July 24 2019 The Japanese Anime studios Khara and its child company Project Studio Q sign up as Corporate Silver and Bronze members of Development Fund They re working on the Evangelion feature animation movie https www khara co jp https studio q co jp b3d Tweet Retrieved 2019 08 15 via Twitter Foundation Blender Japanese anime studio Khara moving to Blender Foundation Blender 2D Isn t Dead It Just Became Something Different Using Blender For Wolfwalkers blender org Retrieved 2021 03 06 Award Winning SPA Studios Looking for Blender TA s and TD s in Madrid Spain BlenderNation 2021 03 24 Retrieved 2021 03 28 FAST GREASE PENCIL Blender Today LIVE 182 retrieved 2022 05 06 New Maya and the Three Made With Blender Series Images Released BlenderNation 2021 06 16 Retrieved 2021 10 28 Warner Bros Animation on LinkedIn hiring cganimation warnerbrosanimation www linkedin com Retrieved 2022 02 15 Foundation Blender Visual Effects for the Indian blockbuster RRR blender org Retrieved 2022 06 30 Blender Open Projects Blender org Retrieved 2019 06 11 Blender Cloud Open Projects Cloud blender org Archived from the original on 2020 10 20 Retrieved 2019 06 11 Peach blender org 2008 10 03 Retrieved 2012 07 06 Big Buck Bunny set to make the hop to Nintendo Video Nintendo UK 26 April 2012 Retrieved 15 May 2022 Yo Frankie About Apricot Open Game Blender Foundation Retrieved August 18 2008 Durian blender org Retrieved 2012 07 06 How long is the movie Durian blender org 2010 04 15 Retrieved 2012 07 06 Sintel Official Premiere Durian blender org 2010 08 16 Retrieved 2012 07 06 Sintel The Game announcement Blenderartists org Archived from the original on 2010 06 10 Retrieved 2012 07 06 Sintel The Game website Sintelgame org Retrieved 2012 07 06 Project Mango kick off BlenderNation BlenderNation October 2 2011 Retrieved November 28 2011 a b Roosendaal Ton October 1 2011 Project Mango Kick off Mango Blender Foundation Retrieved November 28 2011 Tears of Steel Blender Foundation September 26 2012 Retrieved September 26 2012 Roosendaal Ton September 24 2012 Press Release PDF Mango Blog Retrieved September 26 2012 Project Gooseberry announced Blender Nation January 10 2011 Retrieved 7 March 2014 Gooseberry Studio lineup January 28 2014 Retrieved 7 March 2014 Moodboard Cosmos Laundromat The Gooseberry Open Movie Project Gooseberry blender org Archived from the original on 2018 12 31 Retrieved 2017 01 22 Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine Cosmos Laundromat First Cycle Official Blender Foundation release YouTube 10 August 2015 SIGGRAPH 2016 SIGGRAPH 2016 ANNOUNCES AWARD WINNERS AND HIGHLIGHTS OF 43RD ANNUAL COMPUTER ANIMATION FESTIVAL s2016 siggraph org Archived from the original on 2018 01 14 Retrieved 2016 09 22 Institute Blender Glass Half Blender Cloud Retrieved 2020 11 26 Blender Foundation Glass Half 1080p bianco tv Retrieved 2020 04 03 A small animation shop is trying to break up a movie monopoly www vice com 8 July 2017 Retrieved 2021 08 11 a b Blender Brings Cult Comic Agent 327 to Life in 3D Animation Animation World Network Retrieved 2021 08 11 Agent 327 Retrieved 2021 08 11 via PressReader Roosendal Ton April 4 2019 Spring Open Movie Blender org Retrieved 2019 07 31 Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine Blender Animation Studio 2019 04 04 Spring Blender Open Movie retrieved 2019 04 10 Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine Open Movie Coffee Run 2020 05 29 Coffee run YouTube Institute Blender Settlers Blender Studio Retrieved 2022 03 10 Institute Blender Announcing Sprite Fright A Horror Comedy Blender Cloud Retrieved 2021 10 09 Institute Blender Meet Matthew Luhn Sprite Fright s Director Part Two Blender Cloud Retrieved 2021 10 09 Institute Blender Editing Advice With Sprite Fright s Co Director Blender Cloud Retrieved 2021 10 09 Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine Sprite Fright Open Movie by Blender Studio retrieved 2021 10 31 Sprite Fright Release Date Announced BlenderNation 2021 10 08 Retrieved 2021 10 09 Institute Blender Sprite Fright Premiere Date Blender Cloud Retrieved 2021 10 09 Institute Blender Announcing Project Heist a High end Cinematic Experience Blender Studio Retrieved 2022 03 10 a b Blender Institute Announces Blender Cloud Plans Blendernation com 17 January 2014 Retrieved 2017 01 22 Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine Happy Cloud Project Gooseberry launches on SXSW retrieved 2021 10 26 Institute Blender Blender Studio and Blender Cloud Blender Studio Retrieved 2021 10 26 Blender Cloud V3 Blog Blender Cloud Cloud blender org Retrieved 2017 01 22 Blender Cloud Relaunch Blendernation com 4 June 2014 Retrieved 2017 01 22 Blender CloudRig GitLab Retrieved 2021 10 26 Institute Blender Kitsu add on for Blender Blender Studio Retrieved 2021 10 26 Institute Blender Contact Sheet Add on Blender Studio Retrieved 2021 10 26 blender purge rBSTS developer blender org Retrieved 2021 10 26 shot builder rBSTS developer blender org Retrieved 2021 10 26 Institute Blender Tools Blender Studio Retrieved 2021 10 26 Blender Studio Tools rBSTS developer blender org Retrieved 2021 10 26 Institute Blender Blender Studio and Blender Cloud Blender Studio Retrieved 2021 10 25 Foundation Blender Blender Development Fund Blender Development Fund Retrieved 2021 10 20 Foundation Blender Epic Games supports Blender Foundation with 1 2 million Epic MegaGrant blender org Retrieved 2021 10 20 NVIDIA joins Blender Development Fund BlenderNation 2019 10 07 Retrieved 2021 10 20 Foundation Blender Microsoft joins the Blender Development Fund blender org Retrieved 2021 10 20 Foundation Blender Apple joins Blender Development Fund blender org Retrieved 2021 10 20 Foundation Blender Unity joins the Blender Development Fund as a Patron Member blender org Retrieved 2021 10 20 Foundation Blender Intel signs up as Corporate Patron blender org Retrieved 2021 12 22 Foundation Blender New Patron member Decentraland blender org Retrieved 2021 12 22 Foundation Blender AWS joins the Blender Development Fund blender org Retrieved 2021 10 20 Foundation Blender Facebook joins the Blender Development Fund blender org Retrieved 2021 10 20 AMD joins NVIDIA as Blender Development Fund patron BlenderNation 2019 10 23 Retrieved 2021 10 20 Foundation Blender Adobe joins Blender Development Fund blender org Retrieved 2021 10 20 Foundation Blender Donations blender org Retrieved 2021 10 20 Home Blender ID Blender org Retrieved 2017 01 22 Blender Open Data Blender org Retrieved 2021 04 06 Org Foundation BlenderNetwork BlenderWiki archive blender org Retrieved 2021 10 25 Foundation Blender Sunsetting Blender Network in 2021 blender org Retrieved 2021 10 25 Blender Store Retrieved 2021 10 20 Further reading editVan Gumster Jason 2009 Blender For Dummies Indianapolis Indiana Wiley Publishing Inc p 408 ISBN 978 0 470 40018 0 Blender 3D Design Spring 2008 Tufts OpenCourseWare Tufts University 2008 Archived from the original on July 20 2011 Retrieved July 23 2011 Release Logs Blender org Blender Foundation Retrieved July 23 2011 External links edit nbsp Wikibooks has a book on the topic of Blender 3D Noob to Pro nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Blender software Official website nbsp Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Blender software amp oldid 1220122561, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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