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Square Enix Europe

February 10, 2023

Square Enix Limited (formerly Domark Limited and Eidos Interactive Limited) is a British subsidiary of the Japanese video game company Square Enix, acting as their European publishing arm. The company formerly owned Tomb Raider, which it purchased with CentreGold in 1996, and Crystal Dynamics, which it acquired in 1998, among numerous other assets. Aforementioned studios and series were sold by its parent company to Embracer Group in 2022. Other published games series include the Championship Manager debuted in 1992 and Hitman from 2000 to 2017. Square Enix Limited and fellow group company Square Enix Incorporated shared Phil Rogers as CEO and other executives from 2013 to 2022.[a]

Square Enix Limited
Square Enix Europe
Formerly
  • Domark Limited (1984–1990)[1]
  • Domark Group Limited (1990–1996)[1]
  • Eidos Interactive Limited (1996–2009)[1]
TypeSubsidiary
IndustryVideo games
Founded1984; 39 years ago (1984) in Putney, London, England
Founders
  • Mark Strachan
  • Dominic Wheatley
Headquarters
Southwark, London[2]
,
England
Products
Parent
Websitesquare-enix-games.com/en_GB/

The company was founded as Domark in 1984 by Mark Strachan and Dominic Wheatley. In 1995, it was acquired by Eidos plc and merged with Simis and Big Red Software to create the subsidiary Eidos Interactive the following year. Ian Livingstone, who held a stake in Domark, became deputy chairman of Eidos[5][6] and stayed in various roles, until his departure from the company in 2013.[7][8] In 2005, Eidos plc was in turn acquired by British games publisher SCi. The combined company, SCi Entertainment Group, which was briefly renamed Eidos, was bought by Square Enix in 2009. In late 2009, Square Enix completed the merger of its existing European branch with Eidos Interactive, trading the resulting company as Square Enix Limited, which assumed the trade name Square Enix Europe.[b][9] In August 2022, Swedish games holding company Embracer Group completed its acquisition of studios Crystal Dynamics, Eidos-Montréal and Square Enix Montréal and intellectual properties Tomb Raider, Deus Ex among other assets, with Rogers and management moving to Embracer.

Square Enix Limited contains Square Enix's Western external publishing division, Square Enix External Studios, and indie initiative division, Square Enix Collective. It is headquartered in Southwark, London (Square Enix London) and has offices in Paris, France (Square Enix France) and Hamburg, Germany (Square Enix Germany).[10][11]

History

Foundation as Domark (1984–1995)

 
Former Domark logo (1984–1996)

Square Enix Limited was founded as Domark by Mark Strachan and Dominic Wheatley in 1984. For Christmas 1983, Wheatley (the grandson of the writer Dennis Wheatley) had visited his family, where he saw his brother play The Heroes of Karn on a newly purchased Commodore 64. He was impressed with the game and felt that many more ordinary people, not just those who work with computers professionally, would start acquiring computers and games for them. When he returned to his job as a junior account executive at Garden—a small advertising agency based in London—in early 1984, he spoke to his colleague Strachan and floated the idea of setting up a company to publish games from third-party developers. Strachan initially declined but later saw that many retailers in the city had sold out of ZX Spectrum models, which he felt signalled great interest in video games. Strachan and Wheatley, at the time aged 24, subsequently quit their jobs and founded Domark, forming a portmanteau of their first names for the company name. For their first game, they designed the adventure game Eureka!, hired the Hungarian developer Andromedia, and brought in Ian Livingstone as its writer. Strachan and Wheatley further devised a competition in which a telephone number would be shown upon completing the game, and the first person to call it would win £25,000. Through friends, family, and other acquaintances, they raised £160,000, more than enough to finance the project. Domark released the game later in 1984, marketing it through Concept Marketing, another firm set up by Strachan and Wheatley. Impressed with the company's operations, Livingstone invested £10,000 in Domark. Eureka! sold 15,000 copies. Domark were unsure what project to pursue next; Strachan and Wheatley had a contact in the estate of Ian Fleming and approached them with the idea of producing a video game based on James Bond. In 1985, Domark obtained a licence to A View to a Kill. Despite delays caused by scope creep, the eponymous game was released later in 1985 and was "actually quite successful", according to Wheatley.[12]

Domark found further success with computer conversions of board games: Trivial Pursuit was becoming increasingly popular, so Domark got into contact with Leisure Genius, which had found success with board game conversions. The team at Leisure Genius believed a conversion of Trivial Pursuit was infeasible and thus gave way to Domark, who hired Oxford Digital Enterprises to develop it. Released in 1986, the Trivial Pursuit sold roughly 2 million copies. The success allowed Domark to move into proper offices and hire more employees. Domark released further Trivial Pursuit and James Bond games in the years following. The company also got into arcade game conversions in 1987 when Wheatley, alone at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, encountered Manlio Allegra, an agent for companies including Atari Games. Allegra wanted Domark to produce conversions for as many games as possible but Wheatley claimed that the company had only £25,000 to spend. Allegra then went through a list of games to be licensed at low prices and Wheatley stopped him when he mentioned the Star Wars trilogy of games. They agreed on a license for Wheatley's claimed budget. To have the games developed, Domark brought in a German programmer who had previously brought them to the Amiga. Domark released its versions later in 1987, and they became so successful that the first royalty cheque paid to Atari Games two months later amounted to £280,000. Impressed with this return, Atari Games hired Domark as the exclusive partner for computer conversions of arcade games. With sufficient funds, the company published various games through the rest of the 1980s. It set up an internal development team, The Kremlin, within its Putney headquarters in 1990 and expanded to 20 employees by 1992. In the same year, Livingstone was named Domark's executive chairman, while Wheatley moved with his wife and two children to the US to better manage the company's American contacts. A US subsidiary for Domark was formally established in Silicon Valley in 1993. By 1994, Domark was struggling financially, and the company soon went public. Shortly thereafter, Strachan and Wheatley encountered Charles Cornwall, the founder of Eidos, a company that developed video compression software for platforms like the Acorn Archimedes. Eidos had no sales at that time, so the two companies agreed to a reverse merger takeover: The companies merged, and Domark's public entity was legally renamed Eidos, with Domark's operations aligned as a subsidiary of the newer Eidos.[12] The deal was announced in September 1995 as an acquisition of Domark (alongside Simis and Big Red Software) by Eidos for £12.9 million.[13] In the same year, Strachan left Domark.[12]

Transformation into Eidos Interactive (1995–2005)

 
Former Eidos Interactive logo (2003–2009)

On 31 May 1996, Simis and Big Red Software were merged into Domark to create Eidos Interactive.[14] Eidos Interactive acquired CentreGold in April 1996 for £17.6 million. CentreGold consisted of distributor CentreSoft and publisher U.S. Gold, which included subsidiaries Core Design and Silicon Dreams Studio.[15][16] The latter would be re-acquired by its founder, Geoff Brown, through newly founded Geoff Brown Holdings, on 16 December that year.[17] The Eidos Interactive acquisition was months prior to the release of Tomb Raider by Core Design, which CentreGold had acquired two years prior.[18] After Tomb Raider, in 1997, Wheatley left the company to move back to the UK and focus on other projects.[12] In 2003, Eidos founded Beautiful Game Studios, which continued its Championship Manager series after splitting with previous developer Sports Interactive.[19]

In March 2005, Eidos admitted that cash reserves had dwindled to £11.9 million during the second half of 2004, and pre-tax losses had grown to £29 million. On 21 March 2005, Eidos received a takeover bid from Elevation Partners, the private equity firm owned by former Electronic Arts president John Riccitiello and with a number of notable partners, including U2's lead singer Bono. This takeover valued the company at £71 million, and would inject £23 million in order to keep the company from bankruptcy in the short term.[20] Elevation stated it plans to take Eidos private for some years to focus on game creation and release schedules and its offer was initially recommended by Eidos's board.[21]

Acquisition by SCi (2005–2009)

Main article: SCi Games

The following day, 22 March, Eidos received a second takeover bid from the British games manufacturer SCi. The company offered £74 million, and tabled a restructuring plan to cut £14 million from annual costs. To fund this takeover, SCi proposed to sell £60 million worth of stock. Eventually, in late April, Elevation Partners formally withdrew its offer, leaving the way clear for SCi.[22] The Eidos plc takeover was finalized on 16 May 2005, with SCi merging itself into Eidos Interactive's parent, renaming it SCi Entertainment Group Limited. After the SCi purchase, former Eidos management board quit.[23] SCi left its Battersea Office and moved into the old Eidos Interactive office on the second floor of Wimbledon Bridge House, 1 Hartfield Road, Wimbledon.[citation needed]

Ars Technica interviewed former Core Design Studio Manager Gavin Rummery in 2015, who said the studio pitched a Tomb Raider remake for the game's 10th anniversary to SCi in 2005.[18] Rummery stated that SCi loved the project, but Crystal Dynamics had their own demo, which then convinced SCi to cancel Core's project.[18][24] In May 2006, Rebellion Developments acquired Core Designs' assets and staff, while the Core brand and intellectual property, including Tomb Raider, remained in SCi's possession.[25] In December 2006, Warner Bros. licensed classic properties to SCi, while investing for 10.3% of SCi shares.[26] In February 2007, SCi/Eidos announced a new studio in Montreal, Quebec, which was later named Eidos-Montréal and developed a new game in the Deus Ex franchise.[27][28] In February 2007, it acquired Rockpool Games, along with its two sister companies Ironstone Partners and SoGoPlay.[29] In April 2007, SCi/Eidos acquired Bluefish Media and Morphene.[30] In 2008, Rogers stated they want to be a "leaner and fitter company", as well as "studio-led".[31] They moved "certain functions" from the United Kingdom to Quebec, Canada, partially due to economic advantages offered by Montreal's government.[31]

On 4 September 2007, the board of SCi Entertainment stated that the company has been approached with a view to making an offer, which has been subject to speculation.[32] On 10 January 2008, SCi announced take over and/or merger talks had been halted.[33][34] As a result, the share price dropped by over 50%. Shareholders called for the resignation of key personnel, including chief executive officer (CEO) Jane Cavanagh, over this issue as well as delays to key titles.[35] On 18 January 2008, Jane Cavanagh, Bill Ennis and Rob Murphy left the company.[36] During SCi 2008 financial report, losses were at £100 million, which newly appointed CEO Phil Rogers, a former Electronic Arts executive, stated were due to the reconstructing plans.[37][38] On 19 September 2008, SCi/Eidos opened a Shanghai-based studio, Eidos Shanghai, consisting of a small team to build up relations in Asia.[39] In 2008, SCi/Eidos set up an entity, which later became Square Enix London Studios headed by Lee Singleton in their Wimbledon headquarters.[40][41] In December 2008, SCi rebranded as Eidos plc.[42] Rockpool Games was closed in 2009.[43]

Acquisition by Square Enix (2009–2022)

In February 2009, Square Enix reached an agreement to purchase renamed Eidos plc for £84.3 million, pending shareholder approval,[44] with an initial aim of fully buying Eidos Interactive on 6 May 2009.[45] The offer was backed by majority stakeholder Warner Bros.[46] The date was brought forward, and Square Enix officially took over Eidos on 22 April 2009.[47][48] Square Enix initially stated that it would let Eidos remain structured as it was at the time of its takeover.[49] In July 2009, it announced that it would merge Eidos with its own pre-existing European subsidiary, Square Enix Limited (itself established in December 1998).[50][51] The merger would create a new entity, tentatively titled Square Enix Europe.[52][53] The merger was completed on 9 November 2009 with the Square Enix Europe name being permanently retained as the resulting company name.[54] The company continued to managed its own Western Studios and Eidos Montreal retained its name.

With the 2013 restructuring of Square Enix,[55] it was hit by layoffs[56] and Rogers became CEO of Americas and Europe.[57][58] In 2014, Square Enix Collective launched, an indie developer service provider headed by Phil Elliot.[59] Around 2015, Square Enix's Western divisions began "officially working across LA and London".[60] In January 2017, Norwegian studio Artplant purchased former Eidos franchise Project I.G.I..[61] In November 2017, Square Enix stopped publishing the Hitman franchise and sold the IP to game developer IO Interactive.[62] In September 2018, COO Mike Sherlock died, with Square Enix's executive team assuming his immediate responsibilities.[63] In 2018, Square Enix branded their external publishing division Square Enix External Studios, which is headed by Jon Brooke and Lee Singleton.[64][65][66] John Heinecke was appointed as CMO for Americas and Europe in October 2018.[67] In June 2020, Square Enix donated $2.4 million to charities around their Western studios and offices, which were partially raised from sales of its discounted Square Enix Eidos Anthology bundle.[68][69] A new mobile studio called Square Enix London Mobile, working on Tomb Raider Reloaded and an unannounced title based on Avatar: The Last Airbender with Navigator Games, was announced on 20 October 2021.[70]

Studios and other assets acquired by Embracer Group (2022–present)

In May 2022, Square Enix announced to sell several of Square Enix Europe's assets to Embracer Group for $300 million. These includes development studios Crystal Dynamics, Eidos-Montréal, Square Enix Montréal, and intellectual properties such as Tomb Raider, Deus Ex, Thief, Legacy of Kain alongside "more than 50 back-catalogue games", with the deal expected to be completed in the second quarter of Embracer's financial year.[71] On 20 May 2022, Embracer Group stated an said that the announcement of this acquisition got an "overwhelming and positive response".[72] The deal was completed on 26 August 2022. Embracer announced that the subsidiaries and IPs would form as their 12th operative group, under the leadership of Phil Rogers and his management, and was later given the name of CDE Entertainment.[73] After the sale of those assets and studios, Square Enix Europe will continue with its own projects and publishing games from external studios including Outriders, Life Is Strange and Just Cause. Eidos Shanghai was transferred to Gearbox Entertainment and rebranded as Gearbox Studio Shanghai in November 2022 by Embracer Group.[74]

Divisions

Former studios

Games published

Main articles: List of Square Enix Europe games and List of Eidos Interactive games

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Square Enix Limited's area of activity are former PAL territories, while Square Enix Incorporated's area of activity are the Americas.[3][4]
  2. ^ Square's former British subsidiary was named Square Europe Limited from its incorporation in 1998 to 2003. After the Square and Enix merger, it was renamed to Square Enix Europe Limited and in 2004 to its current legal name, Square Enix Limited.

References

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Further reading

  • "What went wrong at SCi". MCV/Develop. 22 January 2008.

External links

  • Official website

February 10, 2023
square, enix, europe, square, enix, limited, formerly, domark, limited, eidos, interactive, limited, british, subsidiary, japanese, video, game, company, square, enix, acting, their, european, publishing, company, formerly, owned, tomb, raider, which, purchase. Square Enix Limited formerly Domark Limited and Eidos Interactive Limited is a British subsidiary of the Japanese video game company Square Enix acting as their European publishing arm The company formerly owned Tomb Raider which it purchased with CentreGold in 1996 and Crystal Dynamics which it acquired in 1998 among numerous other assets Aforementioned studios and series were sold by its parent company to Embracer Group in 2022 Other published games series include the Championship Manager debuted in 1992 and Hitman from 2000 to 2017 Square Enix Limited and fellow group company Square Enix Incorporated shared Phil Rogers as CEO and other executives from 2013 to 2022 a Square Enix LimitedTrade nameSquare Enix EuropeFormerlyDomark Limited 1984 1990 1 Domark Group Limited 1990 1996 1 Eidos Interactive Limited 1996 2009 1 TypeSubsidiaryIndustryVideo gamesFounded1984 39 years ago 1984 in Putney London EnglandFoundersMark StrachanDominic WheatleyHeadquartersSouthwark London 2 EnglandProductsJust Cause seriesLife Is Strange seriesOutridersParentEidos plc 1995 2005 SCi Entertainment 2005 2009 Square Enix 2009 present Websitesquare enix games wbr com wbr en wbr GB wbr The company was founded as Domark in 1984 by Mark Strachan and Dominic Wheatley In 1995 it was acquired by Eidos plc and merged with Simis and Big Red Software to create the subsidiary Eidos Interactive the following year Ian Livingstone who held a stake in Domark became deputy chairman of Eidos 5 6 and stayed in various roles until his departure from the company in 2013 7 8 In 2005 Eidos plc was in turn acquired by British games publisher SCi The combined company SCi Entertainment Group which was briefly renamed Eidos was bought by Square Enix in 2009 In late 2009 Square Enix completed the merger of its existing European branch with Eidos Interactive trading the resulting company as Square Enix Limited which assumed the trade name Square Enix Europe b 9 In August 2022 Swedish games holding company Embracer Group completed its acquisition of studios Crystal Dynamics Eidos Montreal and Square Enix Montreal and intellectual properties Tomb Raider Deus Ex among other assets with Rogers and management moving to Embracer Square Enix Limited contains Square Enix s Western external publishing division Square Enix External Studios and indie initiative division Square Enix Collective It is headquartered in Southwark London Square Enix London and has offices in Paris France Square Enix France and Hamburg Germany Square Enix Germany 10 11 Contents 1 History 1 1 Foundation as Domark 1984 1995 1 2 Transformation into Eidos Interactive 1995 2005 1 3 Acquisition by SCi 2005 2009 1 4 Acquisition by Square Enix 2009 2022 1 5 Studios and other assets acquired by Embracer Group 2022 present 2 Divisions 3 Former studios 4 Games published 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References 8 Further reading 9 External linksHistory EditFoundation as Domark 1984 1995 Edit Former Domark logo 1984 1996 Square Enix Limited was founded as Domark by Mark Strachan and Dominic Wheatley in 1984 For Christmas 1983 Wheatley the grandson of the writer Dennis Wheatley had visited his family where he saw his brother play The Heroes of Karn on a newly purchased Commodore 64 He was impressed with the game and felt that many more ordinary people not just those who work with computers professionally would start acquiring computers and games for them When he returned to his job as a junior account executive at Garden a small advertising agency based in London in early 1984 he spoke to his colleague Strachan and floated the idea of setting up a company to publish games from third party developers Strachan initially declined but later saw that many retailers in the city had sold out of ZX Spectrum models which he felt signalled great interest in video games Strachan and Wheatley at the time aged 24 subsequently quit their jobs and founded Domark forming a portmanteau of their first names for the company name For their first game they designed the adventure game Eureka hired the Hungarian developer Andromedia and brought in Ian Livingstone as its writer Strachan and Wheatley further devised a competition in which a telephone number would be shown upon completing the game and the first person to call it would win 25 000 Through friends family and other acquaintances they raised 160 000 more than enough to finance the project Domark released the game later in 1984 marketing it through Concept Marketing another firm set up by Strachan and Wheatley Impressed with the company s operations Livingstone invested 10 000 in Domark Eureka sold 15 000 copies Domark were unsure what project to pursue next Strachan and Wheatley had a contact in the estate of Ian Fleming and approached them with the idea of producing a video game based on James Bond In 1985 Domark obtained a licence to A View to a Kill Despite delays caused by scope creep the eponymous game was released later in 1985 and was actually quite successful according to Wheatley 12 Domark found further success with computer conversions of board games Trivial Pursuit was becoming increasingly popular so Domark got into contact with Leisure Genius which had found success with board game conversions The team at Leisure Genius believed a conversion of Trivial Pursuit was infeasible and thus gave way to Domark who hired Oxford Digital Enterprises to develop it Released in 1986 the Trivial Pursuit sold roughly 2 million copies The success allowed Domark to move into proper offices and hire more employees Domark released further Trivial Pursuit and James Bond games in the years following The company also got into arcade game conversions in 1987 when Wheatley alone at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas encountered Manlio Allegra an agent for companies including Atari Games Allegra wanted Domark to produce conversions for as many games as possible but Wheatley claimed that the company had only 25 000 to spend Allegra then went through a list of games to be licensed at low prices and Wheatley stopped him when he mentioned the Star Wars trilogy of games They agreed on a license for Wheatley s claimed budget To have the games developed Domark brought in a German programmer who had previously brought them to the Amiga Domark released its versions later in 1987 and they became so successful that the first royalty cheque paid to Atari Games two months later amounted to 280 000 Impressed with this return Atari Games hired Domark as the exclusive partner for computer conversions of arcade games With sufficient funds the company published various games through the rest of the 1980s It set up an internal development team The Kremlin within its Putney headquarters in 1990 and expanded to 20 employees by 1992 In the same year Livingstone was named Domark s executive chairman while Wheatley moved with his wife and two children to the US to better manage the company s American contacts A US subsidiary for Domark was formally established in Silicon Valley in 1993 By 1994 Domark was struggling financially and the company soon went public Shortly thereafter Strachan and Wheatley encountered Charles Cornwall the founder of Eidos a company that developed video compression software for platforms like the Acorn Archimedes Eidos had no sales at that time so the two companies agreed to a reverse merger takeover The companies merged and Domark s public entity was legally renamed Eidos with Domark s operations aligned as a subsidiary of the newer Eidos 12 The deal was announced in September 1995 as an acquisition of Domark alongside Simis and Big Red Software by Eidos for 12 9 million 13 In the same year Strachan left Domark 12 Transformation into Eidos Interactive 1995 2005 Edit Former Eidos Interactive logo 2003 2009 On 31 May 1996 Simis and Big Red Software were merged into Domark to create Eidos Interactive 14 Eidos Interactive acquired CentreGold in April 1996 for 17 6 million CentreGold consisted of distributor CentreSoft and publisher U S Gold which included subsidiaries Core Design and Silicon Dreams Studio 15 16 The latter would be re acquired by its founder Geoff Brown through newly founded Geoff Brown Holdings on 16 December that year 17 The Eidos Interactive acquisition was months prior to the release of Tomb Raider by Core Design which CentreGold had acquired two years prior 18 After Tomb Raider in 1997 Wheatley left the company to move back to the UK and focus on other projects 12 In 2003 Eidos founded Beautiful Game Studios which continued its Championship Manager series after splitting with previous developer Sports Interactive 19 In March 2005 Eidos admitted that cash reserves had dwindled to 11 9 million during the second half of 2004 and pre tax losses had grown to 29 million On 21 March 2005 Eidos received a takeover bid from Elevation Partners the private equity firm owned by former Electronic Arts president John Riccitiello and with a number of notable partners including U2 s lead singer Bono This takeover valued the company at 71 million and would inject 23 million in order to keep the company from bankruptcy in the short term 20 Elevation stated it plans to take Eidos private for some years to focus on game creation and release schedules and its offer was initially recommended by Eidos s board 21 Acquisition by SCi 2005 2009 Edit Main article SCi Games The following day 22 March Eidos received a second takeover bid from the British games manufacturer SCi The company offered 74 million and tabled a restructuring plan to cut 14 million from annual costs To fund this takeover SCi proposed to sell 60 million worth of stock Eventually in late April Elevation Partners formally withdrew its offer leaving the way clear for SCi 22 The Eidos plc takeover was finalized on 16 May 2005 with SCi merging itself into Eidos Interactive s parent renaming it SCi Entertainment Group Limited After the SCi purchase former Eidos management board quit 23 SCi left its Battersea Office and moved into the old Eidos Interactive office on the second floor of Wimbledon Bridge House 1 Hartfield Road Wimbledon citation needed Ars Technica interviewed former Core Design Studio Manager Gavin Rummery in 2015 who said the studio pitched a Tomb Raider remake for the game s 10th anniversary to SCi in 2005 18 Rummery stated that SCi loved the project but Crystal Dynamics had their own demo which then convinced SCi to cancel Core s project 18 24 In May 2006 Rebellion Developments acquired Core Designs assets and staff while the Core brand and intellectual property including Tomb Raider remained in SCi s possession 25 In December 2006 Warner Bros licensed classic properties to SCi while investing for 10 3 of SCi shares 26 In February 2007 SCi Eidos announced a new studio in Montreal Quebec which was later named Eidos Montreal and developed a new game in the Deus Ex franchise 27 28 In February 2007 it acquired Rockpool Games along with its two sister companies Ironstone Partners and SoGoPlay 29 In April 2007 SCi Eidos acquired Bluefish Media and Morphene 30 In 2008 Rogers stated they want to be a leaner and fitter company as well as studio led 31 They moved certain functions from the United Kingdom to Quebec Canada partially due to economic advantages offered by Montreal s government 31 On 4 September 2007 the board of SCi Entertainment stated that the company has been approached with a view to making an offer which has been subject to speculation 32 On 10 January 2008 SCi announced take over and or merger talks had been halted 33 34 As a result the share price dropped by over 50 Shareholders called for the resignation of key personnel including chief executive officer CEO Jane Cavanagh over this issue as well as delays to key titles 35 On 18 January 2008 Jane Cavanagh Bill Ennis and Rob Murphy left the company 36 During SCi 2008 financial report losses were at 100 million which newly appointed CEO Phil Rogers a former Electronic Arts executive stated were due to the reconstructing plans 37 38 On 19 September 2008 SCi Eidos opened a Shanghai based studio Eidos Shanghai consisting of a small team to build up relations in Asia 39 In 2008 SCi Eidos set up an entity which later became Square Enix London Studios headed by Lee Singleton in their Wimbledon headquarters 40 41 In December 2008 SCi rebranded as Eidos plc 42 Rockpool Games was closed in 2009 43 Acquisition by Square Enix 2009 2022 Edit In February 2009 Square Enix reached an agreement to purchase renamed Eidos plc for 84 3 million pending shareholder approval 44 with an initial aim of fully buying Eidos Interactive on 6 May 2009 45 The offer was backed by majority stakeholder Warner Bros 46 The date was brought forward and Square Enix officially took over Eidos on 22 April 2009 47 48 Square Enix initially stated that it would let Eidos remain structured as it was at the time of its takeover 49 In July 2009 it announced that it would merge Eidos with its own pre existing European subsidiary Square Enix Limited itself established in December 1998 50 51 The merger would create a new entity tentatively titled Square Enix Europe 52 53 The merger was completed on 9 November 2009 with the Square Enix Europe name being permanently retained as the resulting company name 54 The company continued to managed its own Western Studios and Eidos Montreal retained its name With the 2013 restructuring of Square Enix 55 it was hit by layoffs 56 and Rogers became CEO of Americas and Europe 57 58 In 2014 Square Enix Collective launched an indie developer service provider headed by Phil Elliot 59 Around 2015 Square Enix s Western divisions began officially working across LA and London 60 In January 2017 Norwegian studio Artplant purchased former Eidos franchise Project I G I 61 In November 2017 Square Enix stopped publishing the Hitman franchise and sold the IP to game developer IO Interactive 62 In September 2018 COO Mike Sherlock died with Square Enix s executive team assuming his immediate responsibilities 63 In 2018 Square Enix branded their external publishing division Square Enix External Studios which is headed by Jon Brooke and Lee Singleton 64 65 66 John Heinecke was appointed as CMO for Americas and Europe in October 2018 67 In June 2020 Square Enix donated 2 4 million to charities around their Western studios and offices which were partially raised from sales of its discounted Square Enix Eidos Anthology bundle 68 69 A new mobile studio called Square Enix London Mobile working on Tomb Raider Reloaded and an unannounced title based on Avatar The Last Airbender with Navigator Games was announced on 20 October 2021 70 Studios and other assets acquired by Embracer Group 2022 present Edit In May 2022 Square Enix announced to sell several of Square Enix Europe s assets to Embracer Group for 300 million These includes development studios Crystal Dynamics Eidos Montreal Square Enix Montreal and intellectual properties such as Tomb Raider Deus Ex Thief Legacy of Kain alongside more than 50 back catalogue games with the deal expected to be completed in the second quarter of Embracer s financial year 71 On 20 May 2022 Embracer Group stated an said that the announcement of this acquisition got an overwhelming and positive response 72 The deal was completed on 26 August 2022 Embracer announced that the subsidiaries and IPs would form as their 12th operative group under the leadership of Phil Rogers and his management and was later given the name of CDE Entertainment 73 After the sale of those assets and studios Square Enix Europe will continue with its own projects and publishing games from external studios including Outriders Life Is Strange and Just Cause Eidos Shanghai was transferred to Gearbox Entertainment and rebranded as Gearbox Studio Shanghai in November 2022 by Embracer Group 74 Divisions EditSquare Enix Collective founded in 2014 Square Enix External Studios formerly Square Enix London Studios founded in 2008 75 Former studios EditBeautiful Game Studios in London England founded in 2003 Core Design in Derby England founded in 1988 CentreGold subsidiary sold to Rebellion Developments in 2006 Eidos Hungary in Budapest Hungary founded in 2002 acquired and renamed in 2006 closed in 2009 Eidos Studios Sweden in Helsingborg Sweden acquired in 2006 76 Morpheme Wireless in London England founded in 1999 acquired in 2007 77 Gimme5Games in London England acquired in 2007 sold to its management in 2009 78 IO Interactive in Copenhagen Denmark founded in 1998 acquired in 2004 sold to its management in 2017 Hapti co in Copenhagen Denmark founded in 2012 sold off with IO Interactive in 2017 Ion Storm in Dallas Texas U S founded in 1996 acquired in 1999 closed in 2005 Pivotal Games in Bath England founded in 2000 SCi subsidiary closed in 2008 Rockpool Games in Manchester England founded in 2002 acquired in 2007 closed in 2009 Silicon Dreams Studio in Adderbury England founded in 1994 CentreGold subsidiary sold to its management in 1996 Toys for Bob in Novato California U S founded in 1989 Crystal Dynamics subsidiary sold to its management in 2002 Crystal Dynamics in Redwood City California U S founded in 1992 acquired in 1998 sold to Embracer Group in 2022 Crystal Northwest in Seattle Washington U S founded in 2018 79 Crystal Southwest in Austin Texas U S founded in 2021 80 Eidos Montreal in Montreal Canada founded in 2007 sold to Embracer Group in 2022 Eidos Shanghai in Shanghai China founded in 2008 and part of Eidos Montreal since 2019 39 81 Eidos Sherbrooke in Sherbrooke Canada founded in 2020 82 Square Enix Montreal in Montreal Canada founded in 2011 sold to Embracer Group in 2022 later shut down Square Enix London Mobile founded in 2021 70 Games published EditMain articles List of Square Enix Europe games and List of Eidos Interactive gamesSee also Edit London portal Video games portalStephen B Streater KujuNotes Edit Square Enix Limited s area of activity are former PAL territories while Square Enix Incorporated s area of activity are the Americas 3 4 Square s former British subsidiary was named Square Europe Limited from its incorporation in 1998 to 2003 After the Square and Enix merger it was renamed to Square Enix Europe Limited and in 2004 to its current legal name Square Enix Limited References Edit a b c SQUARE ENIX LIMITED Overview beta companieshouse gov uk Companies House Archived from the original on 17 November 2019 Retrieved 15 August 2020 A Look Inside Square Enix s Stylish London Office Officelovin 21 July 2015 Archived from the original on 28 April 2017 Retrieved 15 March 2021 SQUARE ENIX Documents square enix games com Archived from the original on 12 September 2018 Retrieved 15 August 2020 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint unfit URL link SQUARE ENIX TERMS OF SERVICE square enix games com Archived from the original on 20 August 2020 Retrieved 15 August 2020 Gibson Ellie 30 September 2005 Livingstone takes on new role at Eidos GamesIndustry biz Archived from the original on 29 October 2017 Retrieved 29 October 2017 Remo Chris 23 April 2010 Eidos Life President Ian Livingstone Granted British Inspiration Award Gamasutra Archived from the original on 29 October 2017 Retrieved 29 October 2017 Corriea Alexa Ray 30 September 2013 Eidos President and CEO Ian Livingstone departs after 20 years Polygon Archived from the original on 29 October 2017 Retrieved 29 October 2017 Martin Matt 30 September 2013 Ian Livingstone leaves Eidos GamesIndustry biz Archived from the original on 29 October 2017 Retrieved 29 October 2017 Fahey Rob 2 July 2004 Square Enix announces European reorganisation GamesIndustry biz Archived from the original on 24 June 2021 Retrieved 19 June 2021 Square Enix Jobs amp Career Opportunities square enix games com Archived from the original on 10 March 2021 Retrieved 15 March 2021 SQUARE ENIX Modern Slavery Act Transparency In Supply Chain Statement square enix games com 17 March 2020 Archived from the original on 3 August 2020 Retrieved 15 August 2020 Corporate Structure i USA Eidos Inc and Crystal Dynamics Inc ii Canada Eidos Interactive Corp iii UK SCi Games Ltd Eidos Ltd Centregold Ltd and SCi Entertainment Group Ltd iv France Square Enix SARL v Germany Square Enix GmbH vi Denmark IO Interactive Holdings A S vii China Eidos Creative Software Shanghai Co Ltd a b c d Crookes David 10 November 2011 From the Archives Domark Retro Gamer No 96 Imagine Publishing pp 36 41 EIDOS ACQUIRES THREE COMPANIES UNVEILS PLACING Telecompaper 25 September 1995 Archived from the original on 29 October 2017 Retrieved 29 October 2017 Sherman Christopher April 1996 Four Way Merger Between Domark Big Red Simis and Eidos Next Generation No 16 Imagine Media p 23 Publishing 25 July 2008 Deals that shook the industry 5 10 MCV Archived from the original on 13 January 2023 Retrieved 29 October 2017 IGN Staff 15 July 2003 Core Founder Steps Down IGN Archived from the original on 13 April 2013 Retrieved 29 October 2017 SILICON DREAMS TO BE 75 ACQUIRED BY NEW FIRM Telecompaper 16 December 1996 Archived from the original on 28 September 2017 Retrieved 29 October 2017 a b c Moss Richard 31 March 2015 It felt like robbery Tomb Raider and the fall of Core Design Ars Technica Archived from the original on 26 November 2016 Retrieved 29 October 2017 Square Enix Restructures Beautiful Game Studios Cuts Positions Game Developer 26 November 2009 Archived from the original on 9 April 2022 Retrieved 9 April 2022 Maragos Nich Carless Simon 21 March 2005 Elevation Partners Purchases Eidos Gamasutra Archived from the original on 29 October 2017 Retrieved 29 October 2017 Szalai George 29 March 2005 Eidos Accepts Elevation Buyout SCi Makes Play Billboard Archived from the original on 5 March 2022 Retrieved 5 March 2022 Fildes Nic 8 April 2005 Eidos Accepts Offer From SCi Drops Support for Elevation Wall Street Journal ISSN 0099 9660 Archived from the original on 5 March 2022 Retrieved 5 March 2022 Smith Tony Eidos board quits www theregister com Archived from the original on 31 May 2022 Retrieved 9 April 2022 Prince Chloe 5 August 2020 Inside The Cancelled Tomb Raider Game From The Original Creators TheGamer Archived from the original on 7 June 2022 Retrieved 7 June 2022 Rebellion acquires Core Design staff and assets GamesIndustry biz Archived from the original on 9 April 2022 Retrieved 9 April 2022 Dobson Jason Boyer Brandon 15 December 2006 Warner Bros SCi Sign Investment Licensing Agreement Gamasutra com Archived from the original on 25 August 2021 Retrieved 30 October 2021 Alexander Leigh 26 November 2007 Eidos Announces Deus Ex 3 Talks New Montreal Studio Gamasutra Archived from the original on 2 May 2016 Retrieved 29 October 2017 Thorsen Tor 26 November 2007 Eidos resurrecting Deus Ex GameSpot Archived from the original on 29 October 2017 Retrieved 29 October 2017 Sliwinski Alexander 23 January 2009 Eidos closes mobile developer Rockpool Games Engadget Archived from the original on 29 October 2017 Retrieved 29 October 2017 Eidos buys into digital distribution casual games GameSpot Archived from the original on 9 April 2022 Retrieved 9 April 2022 a b PARFITT BEN 7 April 2008 INTERVIEW Phil Rogers MCV ISSN 1469 4832 Archived from the original on 28 June 2022 Retrieved 28 June 2022 Elliott Phil 4 September 2007 SCi confirms approach has been made GamesIndustry biz Archived from the original on 29 October 2017 Retrieved 29 October 2017 Lara Croft firm scraps bid talks BBC 11 January 2008 Archived from the original on 29 October 2017 Retrieved 29 October 2017 Takeover talk at Tomb Raider firm BBC 16 January 2009 Archived from the original on 29 October 2017 Retrieved 29 October 2017 Armitstead Louise 13 January 2008 Game Over for Tomb Raider boss The Times Archived from the original on 6 July 2008 Retrieved 29 October 2017 Gage Terence 18 January 2008 Eidos management quit due to pressure from shareholders Thunderbolt Archived from the original on 29 October 2017 Retrieved 29 October 2017 Publishing 15 September 2008 SCi results reaction MCV Archived from the original on 13 January 2023 Retrieved 29 October 2017 Dobson Jason 16 March 2007 Former EA Exec Joins SCi To Identify Development Ops Game Developer Archived from the original on 25 May 2022 Retrieved 28 June 2022 a b Publishing 19 September 2008 Eidos opens Shanghai base MCV Archived from the original on 13 January 2023 Retrieved 29 October 2017 Nutt Christian 1 August 2011 Square Enix Nabs Rights To True Crime Hong Kong From Activision Gamasutra Archived from the original on 23 August 2021 Retrieved 15 March 2021 Enix rising MCV DEVELOP 14 April 2010 Archived from the original on 18 April 2021 Retrieved 15 March 2021 Caoili Eric 3 December 2008 SCi Finalizes Name Change To Eidos As Buyout Rumors Mount Game Developer Archived from the original on 26 May 2022 Retrieved 9 April 2022 Martin Matt 23 January 2009 Eidos closes Manchester studio GamesIndustry biz Archived from the original on 26 September 2020 Retrieved 29 October 2017 Plunkett Luke 12 February 2009 Square Enix Trying To Buy Tomb Raider Kotaku Archived from the original on 29 October 2017 Retrieved 29 October 2017 Fahey Mike 4 March 2009 Eidos Pencils In Square Enix Takeover For May Kotaku Archived from the original on 29 October 2017 Retrieved 29 October 2017 Jenkins David 16 February 2009 Warner Backs Square Enix Bid For Eidos Gamasutra UBM plc Archived from the original on 3 March 2016 Retrieved 28 October 2016 Bradshaw Tim Palmer Maija 27 March 2009 Eidos approves takeover by Square Enix Financial Times Archived from the original on 28 June 2022 Retrieved 28 June 2022 RECOMMENDED CASH OFFER FOR EIDOS PLC BY SQEX LTD TO BE EFFECTED BY MEANS OF A SCHEME OF ARRANGEMENT UNDER THE UK COMPANIES ACT 2006 PDF Square Enix 12 February 2009 Archived from the original PDF on 23 March 2015 Retrieved 16 February 2018 Fahey Mike 27 March 2009 Square Enix Lets Eidos Be Eidos Kotaku Archived from the original on 29 October 2017 Retrieved 29 October 2017 SQUARE ENIX 2009 LIMITED Overview free company information from Companies House find and update company information service gov uk Archived from the original on 25 April 2021 Retrieved 25 April 2021 Square Enix Annual Report for 2004 PDF Square Enix 2004 p 67 Archived from the original PDF on 2 October 2012 Retrieved 1 September 2018 Elliott Phil 7 July 2009 Square Enix revamps Europe operation GamesIndustry biz Archived from the original on 2 September 2012 Retrieved 29 October 2017 Plunkett Luke 8 July 2009 Goodbye Eidos Hello Square Enix Europe Kotaku Archived from the original on 29 October 2017 Retrieved 29 October 2017 Elliott Phil 10 November 2009 Square Enix confirms European identity GamesIndustry biz Archived from the original on 29 October 2017 Retrieved 29 October 2017 The Square Enix reboot MCV DEVELOP 22 January 2014 Archived from the original on 17 April 2021 Retrieved 15 August 2020 Corriea Alexa Ray 29 April 2013 Square Enix Europe hit with layoffs as company wide restructuring continues Polygon Archived from the original on 19 October 2021 Retrieved 20 September 2020 Rogers Phil A note from Phil Rogers CEO square enix games com Archived from the original on 28 October 2021 Retrieved 15 August 2020 Weber Rachel Square Roots The man in charge of Square Enix s Western future GamesIndustry biz Archived from the original on 27 August 2019 Retrieved 15 August 2020 Weber Rachel Square Enix Collective launches GamesIndustry biz Archived from the original on 30 October 2020 Retrieved 20 September 2020 Hip to be Square US and EU boss Phil Rogers on the publisher s huge line up MCV DEVELOP 4 September 2015 Archived from the original on 14 June 2021 Retrieved 15 August 2020 The industry changes and one of the big things over the last couple of the years has been the European team working hand in hand with the American team and since March this year we ve had them working officially across LA and London Tucker Jake 15 May 2019 Norwegian studio Artplant buy Project IGI brand from Square Enix MCV ISSN 1469 4832 Archived from the original on 29 September 2022 Retrieved 20 April 2022 Square Enix Explains Why It Sold Hitman s Franchise Rights Back To Io Interactive Comicbook com 27 November 2017 Archived from the original on 25 April 2022 Retrieved 25 April 2022 Kerr Chris 7 September 2018 Obituary Square Enix America and Europe COO Mike Sherlock www gamasutra com Archived from the original on 9 November 2020 Retrieved 15 August 2020 McCaffrey Ryan 18 August 2020 Outriders Bosses Discuss Working on Hitman Just Cause Sleeping Dogs and More IGN Unfiltered 52 IGN IGN Archived from the original on 21 August 2020 Retrieved 20 September 2020 Fogel Stefanie 20 September 2018 Life Is Strange Before the Storm Dev Making New Square Enix Game Variety Archived from the original on 6 March 2021 Retrieved 9 April 2022 SQUARE ENIX UNVEILS OUTRIDERS press na square enix com 10 June 2018 Archived from the original on 1 November 2020 Retrieved 9 April 2022 Square Enix announces John Heinecke as new CMO MCV DEVELOP 11 October 2018 Archived from the original on 9 November 2020 Retrieved 15 August 2020 Reed Chris 11 May 2020 Square Enix Eidos Anthology Get 54 Games for 39 for Charity IGN Archived from the original on 11 July 2021 Retrieved 11 July 2021 Kratky Otto 18 June 2020 Square Enix Raises 2 4 Million With Stay Home amp Play Campaign DualShockers Archived from the original on 9 July 2021 Retrieved 3 July 2021 a b Batchelor James 20 October 2021 Square Enix opens London mobile studio GamesIndustry biz Archived from the original on 30 October 2021 Retrieved 30 October 2021 Bankhurst Adam 2 May 2022 Embracer Group Enters Agreement to Acquire Eidos Crystal Dynamics and Square Enix Montreal for 300 Million IGN Archived from the original on 3 May 2022 Retrieved 2 May 2022 Ivan Tom 20 May 2022 Embracer sees great potential in Crystal Dynamics and Eidos Montreal sequels remakes and remasters VGC Archived from the original on 22 May 2022 Retrieved 22 May 2022 Embracer Group completes acquisition of Crystal Dynamics Eidos Montreal Square Enix Montreal amongst other assets Archived from the original on 26 August 2022 Retrieved 26 August 2022 Sinclair Brendan 15 November 2022 Eidos Shanghai becomes Gearbox Shanghai GamesIndustry biz Archived from the original on 15 November 2022 Retrieved 17 November 2022 Grant Christopher 21 November 2011 Square Enix Montreal opening in 2012 working on Hitman Eidos Montreal adds 100 working on third AAA project Engadget Archived from the original on 7 January 2023 Retrieved 7 January 2023 Zackariasson Peter Wilson Timothy L 2012 The video game industry formation present state and future New York Routledge p 143 ISBN 978 0 203 10649 5 OCLC 809638566 Archived from the original on 13 January 2023 Retrieved 7 June 2022 Eidos acquires mobile developer Morpheme GamesIndustry biz Archived from the original on 9 April 2022 Retrieved 9 April 2022 Eidos drops casual games studio GamesIndustry biz Archived from the original on 9 April 2022 Retrieved 9 April 2022 Sinclair Brendan 13 August 2018 Crystal Dynamics opening Washington studio GamesIndustry biz Archived from the original on 14 August 2018 Retrieved 14 August 2018 Knoop Joseph 26 May 2021 Crystal Dynamics Opens Southwest Studio Led by Industry Vets IGN Archived from the original on 31 May 2021 Retrieved 19 June 2021 Eidos Montreal 15th Anniversary archived from the original on 11 April 2022 retrieved 11 April 2022 Dealessandri Marie 16 June 2020 Square Enix announces new Eidos Sherbrooke studio GamesIndustry biz Archived from the original on 19 October 2021 Retrieved 16 June 2020 Further reading Edit What went wrong at SCi MCV Develop 22 January 2008 External links EditOfficial website Archive of Eidos Interactive s corporate website Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Square Enix Europe amp oldid 1135646217 Eidos 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