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Wikipedia

HarmonyOS

April 09, 2024

Not to be confused with Harmony (operating system).

HarmonyOS (HMOS) (Chinese: 鸿蒙; pinyin: Hóngméng) is a distributed operating system developed by Huawei for smartphones, tablets, smart TVs, smart watches, personal computers and other smart devices. It has a multikernel design with dual frameworks: the operating system selects suitable kernels from the abstraction layer in the case of devices that use diverse resources.[4][5][6] The operating system was officially launched by Huawei in August 2019.[7]

HarmonyOS
Current HarmonyOS 4.0 GUI on Huawei Mate 60
DeveloperHuawei
Written inC, C++, ArkTS
OS familyUnix-like (modified AOSP), LiteOS, OpenHarmony L3-L5 convergence HarmonyOS 2.0 (EMUI 12) until HarmonyOS NEXT
Working stateCurrent
Source modelClosed, with open source components
Initial releaseAugust 9, 2019; 4 years ago (2019-08-09)
Latest release4.0.0.200 (C00E200R2P7)[1] / (March 12, 2024; 28 days ago (2024-03-12))[citation needed]
Marketing targetEmbedded systems, Internet of Things, Internet of vehicles, Edge computing, wireless routers, smartphones, tablet computers, smart TVs, smartwatches, fitness trackers, smart speakers, personal computers, Laptops, mixed reality headsets, virtual reality headsets, wireless earbuds, wireless headphones, wearable devices, augmented reality headsets, smart printers, interactive whiteboards, E-readers, cars, smart homes, enterprise, industry, Consumer electronics
Available in77 languages
Update methodOver-the-air
Package manager.app and APK-based (deprecated in Q4 2024 with HarmonyOS NEXT system)
Platforms64-bit ARM
Kernel typeMulti-kernel KAL (Kernel Abstract Layer subsystem) with Linux kernel and LiteOS[2]
UserlandSystem Service Layer[3]
Default
user interface		HarmonyOS Design (Design System) (multi-touch, GUI)
LicenseCommercial software, Proprietary software except for open-source components
Preceded byLiteOS, EMUI and Android
Official websitewww.harmonyos.com/en/
Support status
Supported
Articles in the series
HarmonyOS version history
HarmonyOS
Simplified Chinese鸿蒙
Traditional Chinese鴻蒙
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinHóngméng
Bopomofoㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄇㄥ
Tongyong PinyinHóng Méng
Yue: Cantonese
Yale RomanizationHùhng Mùhng
JyutpingHung4 Mung4

Architecture edit

HarmonyOS is designed with a layered architecture, which consists of four layers; the kernel layer at the bottom provides the upper three layers, i.e., the system service layer, framework layer and application layer, with basic kernel capabilities, such as process and thread management, memory management, file system, network management, and peripheral management.[8]

In the kernel layer, the system applies a multikernel design and selects an appropriate kernel for a device with different resource limitations. For wearables, screenless I/O devices and IoT devices, the system is based on real-time operating system LiteOS; while for smartphones, tablets and Huawei Watch which uses both, the system operates by utilizing a Linux kernel subsystem and executing the AOSP code with a modified EMUI user interface, enabling Android apps and HarmonyOS apps to run seamlessly through a compatibility layer in the userland outside the kernel.[9][10]

The system includes a communication base called DSoftBus for integrating physically separate devices into a virtual Super Device, allowing one device to control others and sharing data among devices with distributed communication capabilities.[11][12][13] "To address security concerns" arising from varying devices, the system provides a hardware-based Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) microkernel to prevent leakage of sensitive personal data when they are stored or processed.[14]

It supports several forms of apps, including the apps that can be installed from AppGallery on smartphones and tablets, installation-free Quick apps and lightweight Meta Services accessible by users.[15][16][17][18]

History edit

Early development edit

Reports surrounding an in-house operating system being developed by Huawei date back as far as 2012.[19][20] These reports intensified during the Sino-American trade war, after the United States Department of Commerce added Huawei to its Entity List in May 2019 under an indictment that it knowingly exported goods, technology and services of U.S. origin to Iran in violation of sanctions. This prohibited U.S.-based companies from doing business with Huawei without first obtaining a license from the government.[21][22][23][24][25] Huawei executive Richard Yu [zh] described an in-house platform as a "plan B" in case it is prevented from using Android on future smartphone products due to the sanctions.[26][27][28]

Prior to its unveiling, it was originally speculated to be a mobile operating system that could replace Android on future Huawei devices. In June 2019, an Huawei executive told Reuters that the OS was under testing in China, and could be ready "in months", but by July 2019, some Huawei executives described the OS as being an embedded operating system designed for IoT hardware, discarding the previous statements for it to be a mobile operating system.[29]

Some media outlets reported that this OS, referred to as "Hongmeng", could be released in China in either August or September 2019, with a worldwide release in the second quarter of 2020.[30][31] On 24 May 2019, Huawei registered "Hongmeng" as a trademark in China.[32] The name "Hongmeng" (Chinese: 鸿蒙; lit. 'Vast Mist') came from Chinese mythology that symbolizes primordial chaos or the world before creation.[33] The same day, Huawei registered trademarks surrounding "Ark OS" and variants with the European Union Intellectual Property Office.[34] In July 2019, it was reported that Huawei had also registered trademarks surrounding the word "Harmony" for desktop and mobile operating system software, indicating either a different name or a component of the OS.[35]

HarmonyOS was first used in Honor smart TVs in August 2019[36] and was later used in Huawei Wireless routers, IoT in 2020, followed by smartphones, tablets and smartwatches from June 2021.[37]

Release edit

See also: HarmonyOS version history

On 9 August 2019, three months after the Entity List ban, Huawei publicly unveiled HarmonyOS, which Huawei said it had been working on since 2012, at its inaugural developers' conference in Dongguan. Huawei described HarmonyOS as a free, microkernel-based distributed operating system for various types of hardware. The company focused primarily on IoT devices, including smart TVs, wearable devices, and in-car entertainment systems, and did not explicitly position HarmonyOS as a mobile OS.[38][39][40]

HarmonyOS 2.0 launched at the Huawei Developer Conference on 10 September 2020. Huawei announced it intended to ship the operating system on its smartphones in 2021.[41] The first developer beta of HarmonyOS 2.0 was launched on 16 December 2020. Huawei also released the DevEco Studio IDE, which is based on IntelliJ IDEA, and a cloud emulator for developers in early access.[42][43]

Huawei officially released HarmonyOS 2.0 and launched new devices shipping with the OS in June 2021, and started rolling out system upgrades to Huawei's older phones for users gradually.[44][45][46]

On July 27, 2022, Huawei launched HarmonyOS 3 providing an improved experience across multiple devices such as smartphones, tablets, printers, cars and TVs. It also launched Petal Chuxing, a ride-hailing app running on the new version of the operating system.[47][48][49][50]

On 29 June 2023, Huawei launched the first developer beta of HarmonyOS 4.[51] On 4 August 2023, Huawei officially announced and released HarmonyOS 4 as a public beta.[52] On 9 August, it rolled the operating system out on 34 different existing Huawei smartphone and tablet devices—albeit as a public beta build.[53] Alongside HarmonyOS 4, Huawei also announced the launch of HarmonyOS NEXT, which is a "pure" HarmonyOS version, without Android libraries and therefore incompatible with Android apps post-software convergence.[54]

On 18 January 2024, Huawei announced commercialisation of HarmonyOS NEXT with Galaxy stable version rollout which will begin in Q4 2024 based on OpenHarmony 5.0 (API 12) version after OpenHarmony 4.1 (API 11) based Q2 Developer Beta after release of public developer access of HarmonyOS NEXT Developer Preview 1 that has been in the hands of closed cooperative developers partners since August 2023 debut. The new system of upcoming HarmonyOS 5 version that will replace current HarmonyOS multikernel dual-frame system convergence for commercial Huawei consumer devices.[55]

On March 11, 2024, Huawei announced the early recruitment for the new test experience version of Huawei HarmonyOS 4 firmware update that includes performance improvements, purer and better user experiences. HarmonyOS version 4.0.0.200 (C00E200R2P7) of the firmware was gradually rolled out on March 12, 2024.[56][1]

Features edit

User interface edit

The HarmonyOS interface is based largely on the Android-based EMUI, but contains additional features. In addition to standard folders that require tapping on them to display their contents, folders can be enlarged to always show their contents without text labels directly on the home screen.[57]

Apps can support "snippets", which expose a portion of the app's functionality (such as a media player's controls, or a weather forecast) via a pop-up window by swiping up on their icon, and can be pinned to the home screen as a widget. Apps with snippets are denoted by an underline below their icon.[58] Apps and services can provide cards; as of HarmonyOS 3.0, cards can also be displayed as widgets with different sizes and shapes to adapt to the home screen layout, and can also be stacked.[59][60]

The user interface font of HarmonyOS is HarmonyOS Sans. It is designed to be easy to read, unique, and universal. The system font is used throughout the operating system alongside its Android-based EMUI 12 counterpart, including third-party HarmonyOS and Android apps.[61]

Software edit

Traditional apps edit

Unlike Quick apps and Meta Services that are installation-free, traditional apps need installation. They are available to users through Huawei AppGallery, which serves as the application store for HarmonyOS, and can also distribute Android-compatible apps; HarmonyOS-native apps are marked with its logo on the corner of icons.[62][63] Both HarmonyOS apps and Android apps are allowed to utilize Huawei Mobile Services as an option. However, HarmonyOS-native apps have access to capabilities such as distributed communications and cards.[64][65]

Quick apps edit

Similar to applets, Quick apps are single-page apps written using JavaScript and CSS, with code volume about one fifth of that of a traditional app.[66][67] They are developed based on the industry standards formulated by the Quick App Alliance, comprising mainstream mobile phone manufacturers in China.[68][69]

Quick apps are available to users through the AppGallery, Quick App Center, Huawei Assistant, etc., on supported devices. They are installation-free, updated automatically, and their shortcuts can be added by users to the home screen for ease of access.[68][70]

Meta Services edit

Managed and distributed by Huawei Ability Gallery, Meta Services (formerly, Atomic Services) are lightweight and consist of one or more HarmonyOS Ability Packages (HAPs) to implement specific convenient services, providing users with dynamic content and functionality.[71] They are accessible via the Service Center from devices, and presented as cards that can be added to a favorite list or pinned to the home screen.

Meta Services are installation-free since the accompanying code is downloaded in the background.[72][71][73] They can also be synchronized across multiple devices, such as updating the driver's location on the watch in real time after the user hails a taxi on the mobile phone.[74]

Note: Meta Services (a component of HarmonyOS) should not to be confused with products and services from Meta Platforms (the parent company of Facebook).

Super Device edit

HarmonyOS supports cross-platform interactions between supported devices via the "Super Device" interface; devices are paired via a "radar" screen by dragging icons to the centre of the screen.[75][76][77][78] Examples of Super Device features include allowing users to play back media saved inside a smartphone through a paired PC, smart TV or speakers; share PC screen recordings back to a smartphone; run multiple phone apps in a PC window; share files between a paired smartphone and PC; share application states between the paired devices, etc.[79][80][81]

NearLink edit

Incorporated into HarmonyOS 4, NearLink (previously known as SparkLink) is a set of standards that combine the strengths of traditional wireless technologies like Bluetooth and Wi-Fi, while emphasizing improved performance in areas like response time, energy efficiency, signal range, and security. It consists of two access modes: SparkLink Low Energy (SLE) and SparkLink Basic (SLB). SLE is designed for low-power consumption, low-latency, and high-reliability applications, with a data transmission rate reportedly up to 6 times that of Bluetooth; SLB is tailored for high-speed, high-capacity, and high-precision applications, with a data transmission rate reportedly around 2 times that of Wi-Fi.[82][83][84][85]

Hardware edit

HarmonyOS platform was not designed for a single device at the beginning but developed as a distributed operating system for various devices with memory sizes ranging from 128KB to over 4GB. Hence, the hardware requirements are flexible for the operating system and it may only need 128KB of memory for a variety of smart terminal devices.[86][87]

Devices supported at launch edit

 
The Huawei P30 is one of several Huawei devices to run HarmonyOS.

Huawei stated that HarmonyOS would initially be used on devices targeting the Chinese market. The company's former subsidiary brand, Honor, unveiled the Honor Vision line of smart TVs as the first consumer electronics devices to run HarmonyOS in August 2019.[88][40] The HarmonyOS 2.0 beta launched on 16 December 2020 and supported the P30 series, P40 series, Mate 30 series, Mate 40 series, P50 series, and the MatePad Pro.[89]

Stable HarmonyOS 2.0 was released for smartphones and tablets as updates for the P40 and Mate X2 in June 2021. New Huawei Watch, MatePad Pro and PixLab X1 desktop printer models shipping with HarmonyOS were also unveiled at the time.[45][46][90] In October, 2021 HarmonyOS 2.0 had over 150 million users.[91][92]

Development edit

The primary IDE known as DevEco Studio for developing HarmonyOS apps was released by Huawei on September 9, 2020, based on IntelliJ IDEA and Huawei's SmartAssist.[93] The IDE includes DevEco Device Tool,[94] an integrated development tool for customizing HarmonyOS components, coding, compiling and visual debugging, similar to other third party IDEs such as Visual Studio Code for Windows, Linux and macOS.[95]

Applications for HarmonyOS are mostly built using components of ArkUI, a Declarative User Interface framework. ArkUI elements are adaptable to various devices and include new interface rules with automatic updates along with HarmonyOS updates.[96]

HarmonyOS primarily uses App Pack files suffixed with .app, also known as APP files, for distribution of software via AppGallery. Each App Pack has one or more HarmonyOS Ability Packages (HAP) containing code for their abilities, resources, libraries, and a JSON file with configuration information.[97]

While incorporating the OpenHarmony layer for running the APP files developed based on HarmonyOS APIs, the operating system utilizes the Linux Kernel Abstract Layer (KAL) subsystem with the AOSP code modified with the EMUI user interface in the userland to allow for compatibility with Android APK files and App Bundles (AAB), enabling them to be seamlessly published on AppGallery.[62][63][98]

HarmonyOS as a universal single IoT platform allows developers to write apps once and run everywhere across devices such as phones, tablets, personal computers, TVs, cars, smartwatches, single board computers under OpenHarmony, and screen-less IoT devices such as smart speakers.[99]

As of August 2023, there were reportedly over 2.2 million developers participated in developing HarmonyOS apps.[100]

HarmonyOS ecosystem edit

HarmonyOS Connect edit

On May 18, 2021, Huawei revealed a plan to upgrade its HarmonyOS Connect brand with a standard badge during a summit in Shanghai to help industrial partners in producing, selling and operating products with third-party OEMs as part of the HarmonyOS system, framework and the Huawei Smart Life (formerly Huawei AI Life) app.

Allowing for fast and low-cost connections to users, smart devices like speakers, fridges and cookers of different brands powered by HarmonyOS can be connected and merged into a super device with a single touch of smartphone without the need to install apps.

The HarmonyOS Connect sets the platform apart from traditional mobile and computing platforms and the company's previous ecosystem attempts with its Android based EMUI and LiteOS connectivity in the past.[101]

HarmonyOS Cockpit edit

See also: Harmony Intelligent Mobility Alliance and Huawei HiCar

On April 27, 2021, Huawei launched a smart cockpit solution powered by HarmonyOS for electric and autonomous cars powered by its Kirin line of a system-on-chip (SoC) solution. Huawei opened up APIs to help automobile OEMs, suppliers and ecosystem partners in developing features to meet user requirements.

Huawei designed a modular SoC for cars that will be pluggable and easy to upgrade to maintain the peak performance of the cockpit. Users would be able to upgrade the chipset as one can upgrade on an assembled desktop computer with its scalable distributed OS.[102]

On December 21, 2021, Huawei launched a new smart console brand, HarmonySpace, a specialized HarmonyOS vehicle operating system. Based on Huawei's 1+8 ecology, apps on smartphones and tablets can be connected to the car seamlessly with HarmonySpace, which also provides smartphone projection capability.[103][104]

On December 23, 2021, Huawei announced a new smart select car product – AITO M5, a medium-size SUV with HarmonyOS ecosystem through continuous AI learning optimization and over-the-air upgrades.[105] On July 4, 2022, Huawei officially launched AITO smart select car product to be shipped to customers sometime in August 2022. During the launch, the company received 10,000 pre-orders in 2 hours for its M7 model.[106]

MineHarmony OS edit

On 14 September 2021, Huawei announced the launch of MineHarmony OS, a customized operating system by Huawei based on its in-house HarmonyOS for industrial use. MineHarmony is compatible with about 400 types of underground coal mining equipment, providing the equipment with a single interface to transmit and collect data for analysis. Wang Chenglu, President of Huawei's consumer business AI and smart full-scenario business department, indicated that the launch of MineHarmony OS signified that the HarmonyOS ecology had taken a step further from B2C to B2B.[107][108][109]

Market share edit

On December 23, 2021, Richard Yu, CEO of Huawei Consumer Business Group, claimed that HarmonyOS had reached 300 million smartphones and other smart devices, including 200 million devices in the ecosystem and 100 million third-party consumer products from industry partners.[110]

Market research conducted in China by Strategy Analytics showed that Harmony OS was the third largest smartphone platform after Apple iOS and Google Android, reaching a record high of 4% market share in China during the first quarter of 2022, up from zero just a year earlier. This increase in market share took place after the operating system was also launched for smartphone devices in June 2021.

HarmonyOS was reported to be the fastest growing smartphone operating-system in China, which was the world's largest smartphone market in 2022.[111] The research claimed that in the first quarter of 2022 the platform outgrew its rivals, such as Android and Apple iOS, from a low install base of about 150 million smart devices overall, particularly due to the good support in China and the HarmonyOS software upgrades that Huawei made available for its older handset models and its former sub-brands such as Honor.[112][113]

On August 8, 2022, after the soft launch of HarmonyOS 3, Sina Finance, part of Sina Corporation, and Huawei Central reported that the number of Huawei HarmonyOS Connect devices had exceeded 470 million units. By summer 2022, 14 OpenHarmony distributions had been launched.[114][115]

In the third quarter of 2023, HarmonyOS had a 3% market share of smartphone operating systems globally and 13% of the Chinese market, despite Huawei being limited to LTE at the time; growth was due to a loyal user base, and came at the expense of Android, according to Counterpoint Research.[116] During the launch of HarmonyOS 4 in August 2023, it was reported that the HarmonyOS had connected to more than 700 million devices. On January 18, 2024, it has been reported by Huawei, that it has risen to more than 800 million devices during HarmonyOS Ecology Conference hosted in China.[117][100] A report by TechInsights in January 2024 claimed that HarmonyOS would surpass iOS as the second-biggest operating system in China in 2024, also due to the release of the 5-G-ready Huawei Mate 60, which, according to South China Morning Post, "inspired a wave of patriotic fervour among Chinese consumers".[118]

In the fourth quarter of 2023, HarmonyOS market share of smartphone operating systems globally reached 4% and 16% of the Chinese market according to latest Counterpoint Research quarterly report on February 23, 2024.[119]

Relationship with OpenEuler edit

See also: EulerOS

In terms of architecture, HarmonyOS has close relationship with OpenEuler, which is a community edition of EulerOS, as they have implemented the sharing of kernel technology as revealed by Deng Taihua, President of Huawei's Computing Product Line.[120] The sharing is reportedly to be strengthened in the future in the areas of the distributed software bus, system security, device driver framework and new programming language.[121]

Relationship with OpenHarmony, EMUI and LiteOS edit

See also: OpenHarmony

Architecture edit

OpenHarmony is an open-source version of HarmonyOS donated by Huawei to the OpenAtom Foundation, built around a LiteOS kernel. It supports devices running a mini system such as printers, speakers, smartwatches and any other smart device with memory as small as 128 KB, or running a standard system with memory greater than 128 MB.[122] The open-source operating system contains the basic capabilities of HarmonyOS and does not depend on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP) dependencies in the subsystem from its L0-L2 branch source code.[123]

HarmonyOS uses a "kernel abstraction layer" (KAL) subsystem, so that developers can select a different OS kernel and sometimes flexibility with multiple kernels based on the resource limitations on each device. It also adapts to the LiteOS kernel instead of the Linux kernel on low-powered devices such as wearables, Huawei's GT specific smartwatches and IoT screen and screenless I/O devices.[124]

On smartphones and tablets it contains a dual-framework based on a partial custom OpenHarmony L3-L5 source code branch in its convergence stages, HarmonyOS runs on the Linux kernel on top of the kernel abstraction layer[125] (KAL) subsystem. The userland uses AOSP code from EMUI system launcher to run APK apps without root support just as with older Huawei EMUI-based smartphones. In addition, the OS supports native HarmonyOS apps in app packages on devices with Huawei Mobile Services via Ark Compiler, with the OpenHarmony layer of HarmonyOS framework under the dual framework in the System Service Layer.[98]

HarmonyOS NEXT edit

See also: HarmonyOS NEXT
 
HarmonyOS NEXT Architecture

On August 4, 2023, at Huawei Developers Conference 2023 (HDC), Huawei officially announced HarmonyOS NEXT, the next iteration system version of HarmonyOS, supporting only native APP apps via Ark Compiler, and ending the support for Android apk apps.[126]

Built on a custom version of OpenHarmony and Oniro OS, HarmonyOS NEXT proprietary system has the HarmonyOS microkernel at its core with a single framework, departing from the common Linux kernel and aimed to replace the current multikernel HarmonyOS.[127]

Among the first batch of over 200 developers, McDonald's and KFC in China became ones of the first multinational food companies to adopt HarmonyOS Next.[118][128]

On September 4, 2023, it was reported on Weibo social media in China that a former Huawei executive had claimed that HarmonyOS for PC would be released in 2024.[129]

Criticism edit

See also: Criticism of Huawei and United States sanctions against China

When it launched the operating system, Huawei stated that HarmonyOS plans to become a microkernel-based, distributed OS that was completely different from Android and iOS in terms of target market towards Internet of things.[130] A Huawei spokesperson subsequently stated that HarmonyOS supported multiple kernels and used a Linux kernel if a device had a large amount of RAM, and that the company had taken advantage of a large number of third-party open-source resources, including Linux, as a foundation to accelerate the development of its uniified system stack as a future-proof, microkernel-based, and distributed OS running on multiple devices which became the iterative HarmonyOS NEXT system.[131][132][46]

At its launch as an operating system for smartphones in 2021, HarmonyOS was, however, rumored by Ars Technica simply to be "rebranded version of Android and EMUI" with nearly "identical code bases".[133] Following the release of the HarmonyOS 2.0 beta, Ars Technica and XDA Developers speculated that "the smartphone version of the OS had been forked from Android 10". Ars Technica alleged that it resembled the existing EMUI software used on Huawei devices, but with all references to "Android" replaced by "HarmonyOS" which mobile version of the ecosystem branded operating system used customised EMUI 11 that comprise of both Android 10 and 11, up to 12, including Android 9 builds to build up the mobile userland base for legacy Huawei Android handsets. The first DevEco Studio 1.0 IDE version added both EMUI 11 and HarmonyOS development that support for the new native app framework platform on September 9, 2020, after a year in half on the Entity list by United States of May 2019 that restricted Huawei from accessing Google's proprietary GMS on Android, prompting Huawei short-term development on AOSP with EMUI for long term HarmonyOS migration.[134] It was also noted that the DevEco Studio software based on JetBrains open source IntelliJ IDEA IDE "shared components and tool chains" with Android Studio using Gradle for migration of Android development to the native app framework system newer basic HarmonyOS API infertile development in imperative Java programming with similar basic applications elements in API names with the custom OpenHarmony L3-L5 branch codebase that includes AOSP framework in the dual-framework for Android Java developers during public domestic convergence OS development stages before moving to declarative ArkUI with primary customised TypeScript-based ArkTS programming language and its own Hvigor build automation tool for its evolved DevEco Studio IDE in the later versions with apps packaged as .APP outside of Android APK packaged apps.[135][43][136]

When testing the new MatePad Pro in June 2021, Android Authority and The Verge similarly observed similarities in "behavior", including that it was possible to install apps from Android APK files on the HarmonyOS-based tablet, and to run the Android 10 easter egg apk app, reaffirming earlier rumor mills.[131][46]

Legal issues edit

In May 2019, Huawei applied for registration of the trademark "Hongmeng" through the Chinese Patent Office CNIPA, but the application was rejected in pursuance to Article 30 of the PRC Trade Mark Law, citing the trademark was similar to that of "CRM Hongmeng" in graphic design and "Hongmeng" in Chinese word.[137]

In less than a week before launching HarmonyOS 2.0 and new devices by Huawei, the Beijing Intellectual Property Court announced the first-instance judgement in May 2021 to uphold the decision by CNIPA as the trademark was not sufficiently distinctive in terms of its designated services.[138][139]

However, it was reported that the trademark had officially been transferred from Huizhou Qibei Technology to Huawei by end of May 2021.[140]

See also edit

References edit

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External links edit

 
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April 09, 2024
harmonyos, confused, with, harmony, operating, system, hmos, chinese, 鸿蒙, pinyin, hóngméng, distributed, operating, system, developed, huawei, smartphones, tablets, smart, smart, watches, personal, computers, other, smart, devices, multikernel, design, with, d. Not to be confused with Harmony operating system HarmonyOS HMOS Chinese 鸿蒙 pinyin Hongmeng is a distributed operating system developed by Huawei for smartphones tablets smart TVs smart watches personal computers and other smart devices It has a multikernel design with dual frameworks the operating system selects suitable kernels from the abstraction layer in the case of devices that use diverse resources 4 5 6 The operating system was officially launched by Huawei in August 2019 7 HarmonyOSCurrent HarmonyOS 4 0 GUI on Huawei Mate 60DeveloperHuaweiWritten inC C ArkTSOS familyUnix like modified AOSP LiteOS OpenHarmony L3 L5 convergence HarmonyOS 2 0 EMUI 12 until HarmonyOS NEXTWorking stateCurrentSource modelClosed with open source componentsInitial releaseAugust 9 2019 4 years ago 2019 08 09 Latest release4 0 0 200 C00E200R2P7 1 March 12 2024 28 days ago 2024 03 12 citation needed Marketing targetEmbedded systems Internet of Things Internet of vehicles Edge computing wireless routers smartphones tablet computers smart TVs smartwatches fitness trackers smart speakers personal computers Laptops mixed reality headsets virtual reality headsets wireless earbuds wireless headphones wearable devices augmented reality headsets smart printers interactive whiteboards E readers cars smart homes enterprise industry Consumer electronicsAvailable in77 languagesUpdate methodOver the airPackage manager app and APK based deprecated in Q4 2024 with HarmonyOS NEXT system Platforms64 bit ARMKernel typeMulti kernel KAL Kernel Abstract Layer subsystem with Linux kernel and LiteOS 2 UserlandSystem Service Layer 3 Defaultuser interfaceHarmonyOS Design Design System multi touch GUI LicenseCommercial software Proprietary software except for open source componentsPreceded byLiteOS EMUI and AndroidOfficial websitewww wbr harmonyos wbr com wbr en wbr Support statusSupportedArticles in the seriesHarmonyOS version historyHarmonyOSSimplified Chinese鸿蒙Traditional Chinese鴻蒙TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinHongmengBopomofoㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄇㄥTongyong PinyinHong MengYue CantoneseYale RomanizationHuhng MuhngJyutpingHung4 Mung4 Contents 1 Architecture 2 History 2 1 Early development 2 2 Release 3 Features 3 1 User interface 3 2 Software 3 2 1 Traditional apps 3 2 2 Quick apps 3 2 3 Meta Services 3 3 Super Device 3 4 NearLink 4 Hardware 4 1 Devices supported at launch 5 Development 6 HarmonyOS ecosystem 6 1 HarmonyOS Connect 6 2 HarmonyOS Cockpit 6 3 MineHarmony OS 7 Market share 8 Relationship with OpenEuler 9 Relationship with OpenHarmony EMUI and LiteOS 9 1 Architecture 10 HarmonyOS NEXT 11 Criticism 12 Legal issues 13 See also 14 References 15 External linksArchitecture editHarmonyOS is designed with a layered architecture which consists of four layers the kernel layer at the bottom provides the upper three layers i e the system service layer framework layer and application layer with basic kernel capabilities such as process and thread management memory management file system network management and peripheral management 8 In the kernel layer the system applies a multikernel design and selects an appropriate kernel for a device with different resource limitations For wearables screenless I O devices and IoT devices the system is based on real time operating system LiteOS while for smartphones tablets and Huawei Watch which uses both the system operates by utilizing a Linux kernel subsystem and executing the AOSP code with a modified EMUI user interface enabling Android apps and HarmonyOS apps to run seamlessly through a compatibility layer in the userland outside the kernel 9 10 The system includes a communication base called DSoftBus for integrating physically separate devices into a virtual Super Device allowing one device to control others and sharing data among devices with distributed communication capabilities 11 12 13 To address security concerns arising from varying devices the system provides a hardware based Trusted Execution Environment TEE microkernel to prevent leakage of sensitive personal data when they are stored or processed 14 It supports several forms of apps including the apps that can be installed from AppGallery on smartphones and tablets installation free Quick apps and lightweight Meta Services accessible by users 15 16 17 18 History editEarly development edit Reports surrounding an in house operating system being developed by Huawei date back as far as 2012 19 20 These reports intensified during the Sino American trade war after the United States Department of Commerce added Huawei to its Entity List in May 2019 under an indictment that it knowingly exported goods technology and services of U S origin to Iran in violation of sanctions This prohibited U S based companies from doing business with Huawei without first obtaining a license from the government 21 22 23 24 25 Huawei executive Richard Yu zh described an in house platform as a plan B in case it is prevented from using Android on future smartphone products due to the sanctions 26 27 28 Prior to its unveiling it was originally speculated to be a mobile operating system that could replace Android on future Huawei devices In June 2019 an Huawei executive told Reuters that the OS was under testing in China and could be ready in months but by July 2019 some Huawei executives described the OS as being an embedded operating system designed for IoT hardware discarding the previous statements for it to be a mobile operating system 29 Some media outlets reported that this OS referred to as Hongmeng could be released in China in either August or September 2019 with a worldwide release in the second quarter of 2020 30 31 On 24 May 2019 Huawei registered Hongmeng as a trademark in China 32 The name Hongmeng Chinese 鸿蒙 lit Vast Mist came from Chinese mythology that symbolizes primordial chaos or the world before creation 33 The same day Huawei registered trademarks surrounding Ark OS and variants with the European Union Intellectual Property Office 34 In July 2019 it was reported that Huawei had also registered trademarks surrounding the word Harmony for desktop and mobile operating system software indicating either a different name or a component of the OS 35 HarmonyOS was first used in Honor smart TVs in August 2019 36 and was later used in Huawei Wireless routers IoT in 2020 followed by smartphones tablets and smartwatches from June 2021 37 Release edit See also HarmonyOS version history On 9 August 2019 three months after the Entity List ban Huawei publicly unveiled HarmonyOS which Huawei said it had been working on since 2012 at its inaugural developers conference in Dongguan Huawei described HarmonyOS as a free microkernel based distributed operating system for various types of hardware The company focused primarily on IoT devices including smart TVs wearable devices and in car entertainment systems and did not explicitly position HarmonyOS as a mobile OS 38 39 40 HarmonyOS 2 0 launched at the Huawei Developer Conference on 10 September 2020 Huawei announced it intended to ship the operating system on its smartphones in 2021 41 The first developer beta of HarmonyOS 2 0 was launched on 16 December 2020 Huawei also released the DevEco Studio IDE which is based on IntelliJ IDEA and a cloud emulator for developers in early access 42 43 Huawei officially released HarmonyOS 2 0 and launched new devices shipping with the OS in June 2021 and started rolling out system upgrades to Huawei s older phones for users gradually 44 45 46 On July 27 2022 Huawei launched HarmonyOS 3 providing an improved experience across multiple devices such as smartphones tablets printers cars and TVs It also launched Petal Chuxing a ride hailing app running on the new version of the operating system 47 48 49 50 On 29 June 2023 Huawei launched the first developer beta of HarmonyOS 4 51 On 4 August 2023 Huawei officially announced and released HarmonyOS 4 as a public beta 52 On 9 August it rolled the operating system out on 34 different existing Huawei smartphone and tablet devices albeit as a public beta build 53 Alongside HarmonyOS 4 Huawei also announced the launch of HarmonyOS NEXT which is a pure HarmonyOS version without Android libraries and therefore incompatible with Android apps post software convergence 54 On 18 January 2024 Huawei announced commercialisation of HarmonyOS NEXT with Galaxy stable version rollout which will begin in Q4 2024 based on OpenHarmony 5 0 API 12 version after OpenHarmony 4 1 API 11 based Q2 Developer Beta after release of public developer access of HarmonyOS NEXT Developer Preview 1 that has been in the hands of closed cooperative developers partners since August 2023 debut The new system of upcoming HarmonyOS 5 version that will replace current HarmonyOS multikernel dual frame system convergence for commercial Huawei consumer devices 55 On March 11 2024 Huawei announced the early recruitment for the new test experience version of Huawei HarmonyOS 4 firmware update that includes performance improvements purer and better user experiences HarmonyOS version 4 0 0 200 C00E200R2P7 of the firmware was gradually rolled out on March 12 2024 56 1 Features editUser interface edit The HarmonyOS interface is based largely on the Android based EMUI but contains additional features In addition to standard folders that require tapping on them to display their contents folders can be enlarged to always show their contents without text labels directly on the home screen 57 Apps can support snippets which expose a portion of the app s functionality such as a media player s controls or a weather forecast via a pop up window by swiping up on their icon and can be pinned to the home screen as a widget Apps with snippets are denoted by an underline below their icon 58 Apps and services can provide cards as of HarmonyOS 3 0 cards can also be displayed as widgets with different sizes and shapes to adapt to the home screen layout and can also be stacked 59 60 The user interface font of HarmonyOS is HarmonyOS Sans It is designed to be easy to read unique and universal The system font is used throughout the operating system alongside its Android based EMUI 12 counterpart including third party HarmonyOS and Android apps 61 Software edit Traditional apps edit Unlike Quick apps and Meta Services that are installation free traditional apps need installation They are available to users through Huawei AppGallery which serves as the application store for HarmonyOS and can also distribute Android compatible apps HarmonyOS native apps are marked with its logo on the corner of icons 62 63 Both HarmonyOS apps and Android apps are allowed to utilize Huawei Mobile Services as an option However HarmonyOS native apps have access to capabilities such as distributed communications and cards 64 65 Quick apps edit Similar to applets Quick apps are single page apps written using JavaScript and CSS with code volume about one fifth of that of a traditional app 66 67 They are developed based on the industry standards formulated by the Quick App Alliance comprising mainstream mobile phone manufacturers in China 68 69 Quick apps are available to users through the AppGallery Quick App Center Huawei Assistant etc on supported devices They are installation free updated automatically and their shortcuts can be added by users to the home screen for ease of access 68 70 Meta Services edit Managed and distributed by Huawei Ability Gallery Meta Services formerly Atomic Services are lightweight and consist of one or more HarmonyOS Ability Packages HAPs to implement specific convenient services providing users with dynamic content and functionality 71 They are accessible via the Service Center from devices and presented as cards that can be added to a favorite list or pinned to the home screen Meta Services are installation free since the accompanying code is downloaded in the background 72 71 73 They can also be synchronized across multiple devices such as updating the driver s location on the watch in real time after the user hails a taxi on the mobile phone 74 Note Meta Services a component of HarmonyOS should not to be confused with products and services from Meta Platforms the parent company of Facebook Super Device edit HarmonyOS supports cross platform interactions between supported devices via the Super Device interface devices are paired via a radar screen by dragging icons to the centre of the screen 75 76 77 78 Examples of Super Device features include allowing users to play back media saved inside a smartphone through a paired PC smart TV or speakers share PC screen recordings back to a smartphone run multiple phone apps in a PC window share files between a paired smartphone and PC share application states between the paired devices etc 79 80 81 NearLink edit Incorporated into HarmonyOS 4 NearLink previously known as SparkLink is a set of standards that combine the strengths of traditional wireless technologies like Bluetooth and Wi Fi while emphasizing improved performance in areas like response time energy efficiency signal range and security It consists of two access modes SparkLink Low Energy SLE and SparkLink Basic SLB SLE is designed for low power consumption low latency and high reliability applications with a data transmission rate reportedly up to 6 times that of Bluetooth SLB is tailored for high speed high capacity and high precision applications with a data transmission rate reportedly around 2 times that of Wi Fi 82 83 84 85 Hardware editHarmonyOS platform was not designed for a single device at the beginning but developed as a distributed operating system for various devices with memory sizes ranging from 128KB to over 4GB Hence the hardware requirements are flexible for the operating system and it may only need 128KB of memory for a variety of smart terminal devices 86 87 Devices supported at launch edit nbsp The Huawei P30 is one of several Huawei devices to run HarmonyOS Huawei stated that HarmonyOS would initially be used on devices targeting the Chinese market The company s former subsidiary brand Honor unveiled the Honor Vision line of smart TVs as the first consumer electronics devices to run HarmonyOS in August 2019 88 40 The HarmonyOS 2 0 beta launched on 16 December 2020 and supported the P30 series P40 series Mate 30 series Mate 40 series P50 series and the MatePad Pro 89 Stable HarmonyOS 2 0 was released for smartphones and tablets as updates for the P40 and Mate X2 in June 2021 New Huawei Watch MatePad Pro and PixLab X1 desktop printer models shipping with HarmonyOS were also unveiled at the time 45 46 90 In October 2021 HarmonyOS 2 0 had over 150 million users 91 92 Development editThe primary IDE known as DevEco Studio for developing HarmonyOS apps was released by Huawei on September 9 2020 based on IntelliJ IDEA and Huawei s SmartAssist 93 The IDE includes DevEco Device Tool 94 an integrated development tool for customizing HarmonyOS components coding compiling and visual debugging similar to other third party IDEs such as Visual Studio Code for Windows Linux and macOS 95 Applications for HarmonyOS are mostly built using components of ArkUI a Declarative User Interface framework ArkUI elements are adaptable to various devices and include new interface rules with automatic updates along with HarmonyOS updates 96 HarmonyOS primarily uses App Pack files suffixed with app also known as APP files for distribution of software via AppGallery Each App Pack has one or more HarmonyOS Ability Packages HAP containing code for their abilities resources libraries and a JSON file with configuration information 97 While incorporating the OpenHarmony layer for running the APP files developed based on HarmonyOS APIs the operating system utilizes the Linux Kernel Abstract Layer KAL subsystem with the AOSP code modified with the EMUI user interface in the userland to allow for compatibility with Android APK files and App Bundles AAB enabling them to be seamlessly published on AppGallery 62 63 98 HarmonyOS as a universal single IoT platform allows developers to write apps once and run everywhere across devices such as phones tablets personal computers TVs cars smartwatches single board computers under OpenHarmony and screen less IoT devices such as smart speakers 99 As of August 2023 there were reportedly over 2 2 million developers participated in developing HarmonyOS apps 100 HarmonyOS ecosystem editHarmonyOS Connect edit On May 18 2021 Huawei revealed a plan to upgrade its HarmonyOS Connect brand with a standard badge during a summit in Shanghai to help industrial partners in producing selling and operating products with third party OEMs as part of the HarmonyOS system framework and the Huawei Smart Life formerly Huawei AI Life app Allowing for fast and low cost connections to users smart devices like speakers fridges and cookers of different brands powered by HarmonyOS can be connected and merged into a super device with a single touch of smartphone without the need to install apps The HarmonyOS Connect sets the platform apart from traditional mobile and computing platforms and the company s previous ecosystem attempts with its Android based EMUI and LiteOS connectivity in the past 101 HarmonyOS Cockpit edit See also Harmony Intelligent Mobility Alliance and Huawei HiCar On April 27 2021 Huawei launched a smart cockpit solution powered by HarmonyOS for electric and autonomous cars powered by its Kirin line of a system on chip SoC solution Huawei opened up APIs to help automobile OEMs suppliers and ecosystem partners in developing features to meet user requirements Huawei designed a modular SoC for cars that will be pluggable and easy to upgrade to maintain the peak performance of the cockpit Users would be able to upgrade the chipset as one can upgrade on an assembled desktop computer with its scalable distributed OS 102 On December 21 2021 Huawei launched a new smart console brand HarmonySpace a specialized HarmonyOS vehicle operating system Based on Huawei s 1 8 ecology apps on smartphones and tablets can be connected to the car seamlessly with HarmonySpace which also provides smartphone projection capability 103 104 On December 23 2021 Huawei announced a new smart select car product AITO M5 a medium size SUV with HarmonyOS ecosystem through continuous AI learning optimization and over the air upgrades 105 On July 4 2022 Huawei officially launched AITO smart select car product to be shipped to customers sometime in August 2022 During the launch the company received 10 000 pre orders in 2 hours for its M7 model 106 MineHarmony OS edit On 14 September 2021 Huawei announced the launch of MineHarmony OS a customized operating system by Huawei based on its in house HarmonyOS for industrial use MineHarmony is compatible with about 400 types of underground coal mining equipment providing the equipment with a single interface to transmit and collect data for analysis Wang Chenglu President of Huawei s consumer business AI and smart full scenario business department indicated that the launch of MineHarmony OS signified that the HarmonyOS ecology had taken a step further from B2C to B2B 107 108 109 Market share editOn December 23 2021 Richard Yu CEO of Huawei Consumer Business Group claimed that HarmonyOS had reached 300 million smartphones and other smart devices including 200 million devices in the ecosystem and 100 million third party consumer products from industry partners 110 Market research conducted in China by Strategy Analytics showed that Harmony OS was the third largest smartphone platform after Apple iOS and Google Android reaching a record high of 4 market share in China during the first quarter of 2022 up from zero just a year earlier This increase in market share took place after the operating system was also launched for smartphone devices in June 2021 HarmonyOS was reported to be the fastest growing smartphone operating system in China which was the world s largest smartphone market in 2022 111 The research claimed that in the first quarter of 2022 the platform outgrew its rivals such as Android and Apple iOS from a low install base of about 150 million smart devices overall particularly due to the good support in China and the HarmonyOS software upgrades that Huawei made available for its older handset models and its former sub brands such as Honor 112 113 On August 8 2022 after the soft launch of HarmonyOS 3 Sina Finance part of Sina Corporation and Huawei Central reported that the number of Huawei HarmonyOS Connect devices had exceeded 470 million units By summer 2022 14 OpenHarmony distributions had been launched 114 115 In the third quarter of 2023 HarmonyOS had a 3 market share of smartphone operating systems globally and 13 of the Chinese market despite Huawei being limited to LTE at the time growth was due to a loyal user base and came at the expense of Android according to Counterpoint Research 116 During the launch of HarmonyOS 4 in August 2023 it was reported that the HarmonyOS had connected to more than 700 million devices On January 18 2024 it has been reported by Huawei that it has risen to more than 800 million devices during HarmonyOS Ecology Conference hosted in China 117 100 A report by TechInsights in January 2024 claimed that HarmonyOS would surpass iOS as the second biggest operating system in China in 2024 also due to the release of the 5 G ready Huawei Mate 60 which according to South China Morning Post inspired a wave of patriotic fervour among Chinese consumers 118 In the fourth quarter of 2023 HarmonyOS market share of smartphone operating systems globally reached 4 and 16 of the Chinese market according to latest Counterpoint Research quarterly report on February 23 2024 119 Relationship with OpenEuler editSee also EulerOS In terms of architecture HarmonyOS has close relationship with OpenEuler which is a community edition of EulerOS as they have implemented the sharing of kernel technology as revealed by Deng Taihua President of Huawei s Computing Product Line 120 The sharing is reportedly to be strengthened in the future in the areas of the distributed software bus system security device driver framework and new programming language 121 Relationship with OpenHarmony EMUI and LiteOS editSee also OpenHarmony Architecture edit OpenHarmony is an open source version of HarmonyOS donated by Huawei to the OpenAtom Foundation built around a LiteOS kernel It supports devices running a mini system such as printers speakers smartwatches and any other smart device with memory as small as 128 KB or running a standard system with memory greater than 128 MB 122 The open source operating system contains the basic capabilities of HarmonyOS and does not depend on the Android Open Source Project AOSP dependencies in the subsystem from its L0 L2 branch source code 123 HarmonyOS uses a kernel abstraction layer KAL subsystem so that developers can select a different OS kernel and sometimes flexibility with multiple kernels based on the resource limitations on each device It also adapts to the LiteOS kernel instead of the Linux kernel on low powered devices such as wearables Huawei s GT specific smartwatches and IoT screen and screenless I O devices 124 On smartphones and tablets it contains a dual framework based on a partial custom OpenHarmony L3 L5 source code branch in its convergence stages HarmonyOS runs on the Linux kernel on top of the kernel abstraction layer 125 KAL subsystem The userland uses AOSP code from EMUI system launcher to run APK apps without root support just as with older Huawei EMUI based smartphones In addition the OS supports native HarmonyOS apps in app packages on devices with Huawei Mobile Services via Ark Compiler with the OpenHarmony layer of HarmonyOS framework under the dual framework in the System Service Layer 98 HarmonyOS NEXT editSee also HarmonyOS NEXT nbsp HarmonyOS NEXT ArchitectureOn August 4 2023 at Huawei Developers Conference 2023 HDC Huawei officially announced HarmonyOS NEXT the next iteration system version of HarmonyOS supporting only native APP apps via Ark Compiler and ending the support for Android apk apps 126 Built on a custom version of OpenHarmony and Oniro OS HarmonyOS NEXT proprietary system has the HarmonyOS microkernel at its core with a single framework departing from the common Linux kernel and aimed to replace the current multikernel HarmonyOS 127 Among the first batch of over 200 developers McDonald s and KFC in China became ones of the first multinational food companies to adopt HarmonyOS Next 118 128 On September 4 2023 it was reported on Weibo social media in China that a former Huawei executive had claimed that HarmonyOS for PC would be released in 2024 129 Criticism editSee also Criticism of Huawei and United States sanctions against China When it launched the operating system Huawei stated that HarmonyOS plans to become a microkernel based distributed OS that was completely different from Android and iOS in terms of target market towards Internet of things 130 A Huawei spokesperson subsequently stated that HarmonyOS supported multiple kernels and used a Linux kernel if a device had a large amount of RAM and that the company had taken advantage of a large number of third party open source resources including Linux as a foundation to accelerate the development of its uniified system stack as a future proof microkernel based and distributed OS running on multiple devices which became the iterative HarmonyOS NEXT system 131 132 46 At its launch as an operating system for smartphones in 2021 HarmonyOS was however rumored by Ars Technica simply to be rebranded version of Android and EMUI with nearly identical code bases 133 Following the release of the HarmonyOS 2 0 beta Ars Technica and XDA Developers speculated that the smartphone version of the OS had been forked from Android 10 Ars Technica alleged that it resembled the existing EMUI software used on Huawei devices but with all references to Android replaced by HarmonyOS which mobile version of the ecosystem branded operating system used customised EMUI 11 that comprise of both Android 10 and 11 up to 12 including Android 9 builds to build up the mobile userland base for legacy Huawei Android handsets The first DevEco Studio 1 0 IDE version added both EMUI 11 and HarmonyOS development that support for the new native app framework platform on September 9 2020 after a year in half on the Entity list by United States of May 2019 that restricted Huawei from accessing Google s proprietary GMS on Android prompting Huawei short term development on AOSP with EMUI for long term HarmonyOS migration 134 It was also noted that the DevEco Studio software based on JetBrains open source IntelliJ IDEA IDE shared components and tool chains with Android Studio using Gradle for migration of Android development to the native app framework system newer basic HarmonyOS API infertile development in imperative Java programming with similar basic applications elements in API names with the custom OpenHarmony L3 L5 branch codebase that includes AOSP framework in the dual framework for Android Java developers during public domestic convergence OS development stages before moving to declarative ArkUI with primary customised TypeScript based ArkTS programming language and its own Hvigor build automation tool for its evolved DevEco Studio IDE in the later versions with apps packaged as APP outside of Android APK packaged apps 135 43 136 When testing the new MatePad Pro in June 2021 Android Authority and The Verge similarly observed similarities in behavior including that it was possible to install apps from Android APK files on the HarmonyOS based tablet and to run the Android 10 easter egg apk app reaffirming earlier rumor mills 131 46 Legal issues editIn May 2019 Huawei applied for registration of the trademark Hongmeng through the Chinese Patent Office CNIPA but the application was rejected in pursuance to Article 30 of the PRC Trade Mark Law citing the trademark was similar to that of CRM Hongmeng in graphic design and Hongmeng in Chinese word 137 In less than a week before launching HarmonyOS 2 0 and new devices by Huawei the Beijing Intellectual Property Court announced the first instance judgement in May 2021 to uphold the decision by CNIPA as the trademark was not sufficiently distinctive in terms of its designated services 138 139 However it was reported that the trademark had officially been transferred from Huizhou Qibei Technology to Huawei by end of May 2021 140 See also editOpenHarmony EulerOS LiteOS DevEco Studio HarmonyOS NEXT BlueOSReferences edit a b Wenzhou The new test experience version of Huawei HarmonyOS 4 has been released it has been upgraded in four aspects interface system security and applications IT Home IT Home Retrieved 12 March 2024 About HarmonyOS Retrieved 2021 06 17 HMOS Architecture Medium Application Library Engineering Group 5 April 2021 Retrieved April 5 2021 Document About HarmonyOS developer harmonyos com Retrieved 2021 06 17 Porter Jon 2021 06 02 Huawei s Watch 3 is its first HarmonyOS smartwatch The Verge Retrieved 2021 06 16 Porter Jon 2021 06 02 Huawei s HarmonyOS arrives on tablets with the new MatePad Pro The Verge Retrieved 2021 06 16 HARMONYOS Everything about HarmonyOS HongMeng OS Features Eligible Devices and Release consumer huawei com Retrieved 2023 09 16 About HarmonyOS developer harmonyos com Retrieved 2023 09 23 阿里云资深专家崮德 谈谈我对华为HarmonyOS 2 0的看法 segmentfault com in Chinese China Retrieved 2021 06 23 Sarkar Amy 2019 04 28 ARK Compiler Huawei s self developed Android application compiler Explained Huawei Central Retrieved 2022 05 22 Document Technical Features developer harmonyos com Retrieved 2021 06 19 OpenHarmony communication dsoftbus Gitee in Chinese China Retrieved 2021 06 19 Weekly poll is HarmonyOS as promising as Android or is it another Windows Phone GSMArena com Retrieved 2021 06 22 System Security developer harmonyos com Retrieved 2023 09 07 3 Chinese banks join Huawei s HarmonyOS ecosystem boosting its commercialization Global Times The Edge Markets 2021 06 07 Archived from the original on 2021 06 28 Retrieved 2021 06 21 Document Quick App Introduction developer huawei com Retrieved 2021 06 30 Document What Is an Atomic Service developer harmonyos com Retrieved 2021 06 21 Sarkar Amy 2023 05 26 Huawei HDC 2023 to come early HarmonyOS 4 0 and more Huawei Central Retrieved 2023 08 09 What HarmonyOS 2 means for the Google and Apple duopoly South China Morning Post 2021 06 04 Retrieved 2021 06 21 Mishra Yash 2019 05 20 Hongmeng is Huawei s first ever self developed operating system Huawei Central Retrieved 2021 06 21 Addition of Entities to the Entity List Federal Register 2019 05 21 Archived from the original on 8 June 2019 Retrieved 2019 06 08 Webster Graham 18 May 2019 It s not just Huawei Trump s new tech sector order could ripple through global supply chains Washington Post Archived from the original on 20 May 2019 Retrieved 19 May 2019 Tech stocks slide on US decision to blacklist Huawei and 70 affiliates TechCrunch 16 May 2019 Archived from the original on 2020 06 16 Retrieved 2019 05 18 Kuo Lily Siddiqui Sabrina 2019 05 16 Huawei hits back over Trump s national emergency on telecoms threat The Guardian Washington ISSN 0261 3077 Archived from the original on 20 May 2019 Retrieved 2019 05 18 US places China s Huawei and 70 affiliates on trade blacklist South China Morning Post 16 May 2019 Archived from the original on 22 May 2019 Retrieved 22 May 2019 Addition of Entities to the Entity List Federal Register 2019 05 21 Archived from the original on 8 June 2019 Retrieved 2019 06 08 Huawei confirms it has its own OS on back shelf as a plan B South China Morning Post 14 March 2019 Archived from the original on 21 May 2019 Retrieved 21 May 2019 Kharpal Arjun 15 March 2019 Huawei built software for smartphones and laptops in case it can t use Microsoft or Google CNBC Archived from the original on 22 May 2019 Retrieved 23 May 2019 Keane Huawei says Hongmeng OS isn t designed as an Android replacement CNET Archived from the original on 19 July 2019 Retrieved 2019 07 19 Kharpal Arjun May 23 2019 Huawei says its own operating system could be ready this year if it can t use Google or Microsoft CNBC Cherrayil Naushad K phones John McCann 2019 05 28T15 33 46Z Mobile 28 May 2019 Huawei says its Android OS replacement launch date is still undecided Updated TechRadar a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint numeric names authors list link Reichert Corinne Huawei OS may be called Hongmeng but it s reportedly far from ready CNET Uy Ed 17 August 2019 No Google no problem Huawei unveils its own OS Ed Uy BusinessMirror Retrieved 19 August 2019 Lucic Kristijan 2019 05 27 Huawei s Android Alternative May Be Called Ark OS Android Headlines Retrieved 2019 05 30 Lakshmanan Ravie 2019 07 15 Huawei wants to name its Android OS replacement Harmony in Europe The Next Web Retrieved 2019 07 16 HARMONYOS Everything about HarmonyOS HongMeng OS Features Eligible Devices and Release consumer huawei com Retrieved 2021 06 21 Huawei Launches a Range of New Products Powered by HarmonyOS 2 huawei Retrieved 2021 06 16 What HarmonyOS 2 means for the Google and Apple duopoly South China Morning Post 2021 06 04 Retrieved 2023 08 20 Huawei reveals HarmonyOS its alternative to Android Engadget 9 August 2019 Retrieved 2019 08 09 a b Porter Jon 2019 08 09 Huawei s new operating system is called HarmonyOS The Verge Retrieved 2019 08 09 Kharpal Arjun 10 September 2020 Huawei says its own operating system HarmonyOS will come to smartphones next year CNBC Retrieved 21 September 2020 Document Building and Creating HAPs developer harmonyos com Retrieved 2020 12 20 a b Amadeo Ron 2021 02 02 Huawei s HarmonyOS Fake it till you make it meets OS development Ars Technica Retrieved 2021 02 14 Kharpal Arjun 2021 06 02 Huawei launches its own operating system on smartphones in challenge to Google Android CNBC Retrieved 2021 06 24 a b Kharpal Arjun 2021 06 02 Huawei launches its own operating system on smartphones in challenge to Google Android CNBC Retrieved 2021 06 02 a b c d Porter Jon 2021 06 02 Huawei s HarmonyOS arrives on tablets with the new MatePad Pro The Verge Retrieved 2021 06 02 Huawei launches updated operating system HarmonyOS 3 new ride hailing platform finance yahoo com 27 July 2022 Retrieved 2022 07 30 Huawei Successfully Launches HarmonyOS 3 Update Along With The Release Of Chuxing s Ride Hailing Petal App VOI Waktunya Merevolusi Pemberitaan Retrieved 2022 07 30 Li Deng 2022 07 27 HarmonyOS 3 0 Launched Be One Be More Huawei Central Retrieved 2022 07 30 Huawei updates Android replacement launches ride hailing platform South China Morning Post 2022 07 27 Retrieved 2022 07 30 Sarkar Amy 2023 06 29 First HarmonyOS 4 0 beta rolling out for devs Huawei Central Retrieved 2023 06 29 Michail HarmonyOS 4 announced with modernized look new customization options and Live Windows GSMArena com Retrieved 2023 08 09 Sarkar Amy 2023 08 09 HarmonyOS 4 0 0 108 rolling out for these 34 Huawei devices List Huawei Central Retrieved 2023 08 09 Sakar Amy 2023 08 07 HarmonyOS NEXT is a pure HarmonyOS without Android apps and future of Huawei ecosystem Huawei Central Retrieved 2023 08 14 Matsui Emiko HarmonyOS NEXT Galaxy stable rollout will begin in Q4 2024 HC Newsroom HC Newsroom Retrieved 18 January 2024 Qingyuan Huawei 18 devices including the Mate 60 are recruiting for HarmonyOS 4 IT Home IT Home Retrieved 12 March 2024 Sarkar Amy 2022 09 25 HarmonyOS 3 Large Folders Sizes 3 1 1 3 3 6 3 3 Huawei Central Retrieved 2022 10 28 Li Deng 2021 07 15 Huawei HarmonyOS 2 Feature App Snippets Huawei Central Retrieved 2022 09 11 HarmonyOS 3 0 unveiled with improved homescreen privacy and performance GSMArena com Retrieved 2022 10 28 Document Huawei Developers developer huawei com Retrieved 2022 09 12 Amit 2021 06 09 Huawei HarmonyOS Sans font officially launched Huawei Update Retrieved 2022 09 03 a b Document Design Overview developer harmonyos com Retrieved 2021 06 22 a b Amit 2021 06 05 HarmonyOS applications launched More icons with HMOS corners Huawei Update Retrieved 2021 06 22 阿里云资深专家崮德 谈谈我对华为HarmonyOS 2 0的看法 segmentfault com in Chinese China Retrieved 2021 06 23 May 2021 Gavin Dudley 17 17 May 2021 HarmonyOS poised to disrupt the tech industry TechRadar Retrieved 2021 06 24 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint numeric names authors list link Introduction to Quick Apps developer huawei com Retrieved 2023 09 25 About AppGallery quick apps and Quick App Center HUAWEI Support Global consumer huawei com Retrieved 2023 09 25 a b About Quick Apps developer huawei com Retrieved 2022 09 11 Quick Apps Huawei Developers huawei Retrieved 2022 09 11 How to access Quick App Center quick apps and add shortcuts for them HUAWEI Support Saudi Arabia consumer huawei com Retrieved 2023 09 25 a b Atomic Service Features developer harmonyos com Retrieved 2022 09 11 Li Deng 2022 01 13 Huawei HarmonyOS atomic services platform launched Huawei Central Retrieved 2022 10 28 Service Center Overview developer harmonyos com Retrieved 2022 10 28 Use Cases of Atomic Services developer harmonyos com Retrieved 2023 09 25 Sin Ben Huawei s Super Device Connects Its Phones Tablets And Computers For Easy Interaction Forbes Retrieved 2022 09 10 Document HarmonyOS developer harmonyos com Retrieved 2022 09 10 HarmonyOS 3 0 unveiled with improved homescreen privacy and performance GSMArena com Retrieved 2022 09 11 Document HarmonyOS developer harmonyos com Retrieved 2022 09 10 Alex Dobie 2022 02 27 Huawei s Super Device is greater than the sum of its parts Android Central Retrieved 2022 09 10 HarmonyOS jumps ahead of Android with innovative Super Devices and Task Sharing features Phandroid phandroid com 2021 06 02 Retrieved 2022 09 10 Li Deng 2022 03 01 Huawei Super Device a step towards global HarmonyOS Huawei Central Retrieved 2022 09 10 Huawei NearLink Technology Promises A Paradigm Shift In Wireless Connectivity SPARROWS NEWS sparrowsnews com 2023 08 04 Retrieved 2023 09 16 Ganji Hamid 2023 08 09 Huawei NearLink is here to replace Bluetooth Android Headlines Retrieved 2023 09 16 星闪 无线连接技术优势 场景及发展思考 通信世界网 www cww net cn in Chinese Retrieved 2023 09 16 星闪无线短距通信技术 SparkLink 1 0 安全白皮书 网络安全 PDF In HarmonyOS 2 0 128KB of RAM can run easily RealMi Central RMC Team 2 June 2021 Retrieved 28 August 2022 Artashyan Argam 2020 09 11 Harmony OS 2 0 Hardware Requirements Announced Gizchina com Retrieved 2022 09 12 Porter Jon 2019 08 10 The Honor Vision TV is Huawei s first HarmonyOS device The Verge Retrieved 2019 08 13 Jeet 2020 12 15 Huawei s HarmonyOS 2 0 for smartphones get Android apps support Beta releasing tomorrow Gizmochina Retrieved 2020 12 20 Onawole Habeeb 2021 09 13 HUAWEI PixLab X1 is a desktop printer powered by HarmonyOS Gizmochina Retrieved 2021 12 02 HarmonyOS devices exceed 150 million fastest growing OS in history Gizchina com 2021 10 22 Retrieved 2021 10 31 Sarkar Amy 2021 10 22 Huawei HarmonyOS completes 150 million upgrades Huawei Central Retrieved 2021 10 31 Sarkar Amy 2021 06 25 The Task Center feature of HarmonyOS 2 brings you connected cross device experience Huawei Central Retrieved 2022 07 13 HUAWEI DevEco Device Tool HarmonyOS Device Huawei Retrieved September 11 2020 Li Deng 3 February 2021 HARMONYOSHuawei DevEco Device Tool 2 0 Beta 1 for HarmonyOS 2 0 released with new features and improvements Huawei Central Retrieved February 3 2021 ArkUI Huawei Document Application Fundamentals developer harmonyos com Retrieved 2021 06 22 a b What HarmonyOS 2 means for the Google and Apple duopoly South China Morning Post 2021 06 04 Retrieved 2021 06 21 Amadeo Ron 9 August 2019 Huawei announces its first operating system HarmonyOS Ars Technica Retrieved August 9 2019 a b Huawei to revive smartphone business on the back of AI powered operating system South China Morning Post 2023 08 07 Retrieved 2023 08 21 Sarkar Amy 18 May 2021 Huawei HarmonyOS Connect Upgrade Plan Reduces development time reach vast consumers and more Huawei Central Retrieved May 18 2021 Gupta Sahil Huawei Launches A Smart Cockpit Powered By HarmonyOS carandbike com Retrieved April 27 2021 Pandaily 2021 12 22 Huawei Releases Smart Console Brand HarmonySpace Pandaily Retrieved 2022 07 10 Sarkar Amy 23 December 2021 Huawei HarmonySpace Launched A sub brand of smart HarmonyOS car cockpit Huawei Central Retrieved December 23 2021 Li Deng 23 December 2021 Huawei Smart Selection AITO M5 medium size SUV announced with HarmonyOS Huawei Central Retrieved December 23 2021 Shen Jill 5 July 2022 Huawei backed Aito sees 10 000 pre orders in 2 hours for the new M7 model technode Retrieved July 5 2022 Udin Efe 15 September 2021 HUAWEI LAUNCHES HARMONY MINE OPERATING SYSTEM gizchina Retrieved September 15 2021 Huawei Launches Industrial Operating System for Coal Mines Caixin Global www caixinglobal com Retrieved 2022 07 11 MineHarmony OS and Mining IoT Huawei Enterprise Retrieved 2022 07 11 Li Deng 24 December 2021 300 Million HarmonyOS Devices Goal Achieved 200 million Huawei and 100 million third party HC Newsroom Retrieved December 24 2021 cycles This text provides general information Statista assumes no liability for the information given being complete or correct Due to varying update Text Statistics Can Display More up to Date Data Than Referenced in the Topic Smartphone market in China Statista Retrieved 2022 05 17 Mawston Neil 2022 05 10 HarmonyOS Hits Record High in China Sarkar Amy 2021 10 22 Huawei HarmonyOS completes 150 million upgrades Huawei Central Retrieved 2021 10 31 Li Deng 8 August 2022 HarmonyOS industry continues to expand 14 OpneHarmony distributions launched so far Huawei Central Retrieved August 8 2022 上海证券报 2022 08 08 鸿蒙产业链不断延伸 商业化大门逐渐打开 finance sina com cn Retrieved 2022 11 26 Global Smartphone Sales Share by Operating System Counterpoint 2023 12 12 Retrieved 2023 11 23 MAJITHIA KAVIT Huawei to break free from Android Mobile World Live Mobile World Live Retrieved 31 January 2024 a b Huawei s HarmonyOS tipped to beat Apple s iOS in China in 2024 TechInsights South China Morning Post 2024 01 03 Retrieved 2024 01 10 iOS vs Android Quarterly Market Share Counterpoint Counterpoint Research Retrieved 20 March 2024 华为公布欧拉系统细节 已与鸿蒙内核共享 快科技 Retrieved 2023 10 10 Sarkar Amy 9 November 2021 HarmonyOS and OpenEuler has shared operating system kernel Huawei Huawei Central Retrieved November 9 2021 en OpenHarmony Overview md OpenHarmony docs Gitee in Chinese China Retrieved 2021 07 03 Developers Taking Off AOSP And Show OpenHarmony Pure Version Of System sparrowsnews com 4 June 2021 Retrieved 2021 06 21 Document developer harmonyos com Retrieved 2022 05 22 Porting Overview Retrieved 2023 08 17 Amit 2023 09 25 Huawei released HarmonyOS NEXT HU Retrieved 2023 09 26 Huawei reveals HarmonyOS NEXT will be based on Harmony Kernel 华为发布 HarmonyOS NEXT 鸿蒙星河版 开发者预览版开放申请 IT之家 www ithome com Retrieved 2024 01 20 Neowin Omer Dursun 2023 09 07 Former Huawei executive claims that HarmonyOS for PC will release next year Neowin Retrieved 2023 09 07 Li Deng 2020 09 21 HarmonyOS Hongmeng OS Here s everything you need to know about this new Operating System Huawei Central Retrieved 2020 12 20 a b Harmony OS 2 0 includes Android Q s easter egg app Android Authority 2021 06 02 Retrieved 2021 06 02 Huawei reveals HarmonyOS its alternative to Android Engadget 9 August 2019 Retrieved 2023 08 01 Amadeo Ron 2021 06 02 Huawei officially replaces Android with HarmonyOS which is also Android Ars Technica Retrieved 2021 06 24 Huawei DevEco Studio 1 0 launched EMUI 11 and Hongmeng Project App can be developed Huawei Update Huawei Update Retrieved 20 March 2024 Java HarmonyOS API for Android Developers Cheatsheet Medium com Bruno Wieczorek Retrieved 20 March 2024 Huawei s Harmony OS 2 0 beta appears to be based on Android after all xda developers 2020 12 26 Retrieved 2021 01 20 China IP Case Spotlight May 2021 Issue 7 Intellectual Property China www mondaq com Retrieved 2021 06 24 Huawei s Android replacement may need a new Chinese name South China Morning Post 2021 05 13 Retrieved 2021 06 24 Tan Rouse Rachel Li Mei Am Yang a Cui Hatty 21 May 2021 Huawei Hongmeng Harmony Trade Mark Refusal Decision was Upheld in the First Instance Judgment Lexology www lexology com Retrieved 2021 06 24 Huawei has been transferred the trademark of Hongmeng EqualOcean Retrieved 2021 06 24 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to HarmonyOS Official website nbsp Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title HarmonyOS amp oldid 1217379010, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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