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Wikipedia

HTML5

February 06, 2023

HTML5 is a markup language used for structuring and presenting content on the World Wide Web. It is the fifth and final[3] major HTML version that is a World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommendation. The current specification is known as the HTML Living Standard. It is maintained by the Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG), a consortium of the major browser vendors (Apple, Google, Mozilla, and Microsoft).

HTML5
(HyperText Markup Language)
Filename extension
.html, .htm
Internet media type
text/html
Type codeTEXT
Uniform Type Identifier (UTI)public.html[1]
Developed byWHATWG
Initial release22 January 2008
(15 years ago) (2008-01-22)[2]
Type of formatMarkup language
StandardHTML LS
Open format?Yes

HTML5 was first released in a public-facing form on 22 January 2008,[2] with a major update and "W3C Recommendation" status in October 2014.[4][5] Its goals were to improve the language with support for the latest multimedia and other new features; to keep the language both easily readable by humans and consistently understood by computers and devices such as web browsers, parsers, etc., without XHTML's rigidity; and to remain backward-compatible with older software. HTML5 is intended to subsume not only HTML 4 but also XHTML 1 and DOM Level 2 HTML.[6]

HTML5 includes detailed processing models to encourage more interoperable implementations; it extends, improves, and rationalizes the markup available for documents and introduces markup and application programming interfaces (APIs) for complex web applications.[7] For the same reasons, HTML5 is also a candidate for cross-platform mobile applications because it includes features designed with low-powered devices in mind.

Many new syntactic features are included. To natively include and handle multimedia and graphical content, the new <video>, <audio> and <canvas> elements were added, expandable sections are natively implemented through <summary>...</summary> and <details>...</details> rather than depending on CSS or JavaScript, and support for scalable vector graphics (SVG) content and MathML for mathematical formulas was also added. To enrich the semantic content of documents, new page structure elements such as <main>, <section>, <article>, <header>, <footer>, <aside>, <nav>, and <figure> are added. New attributes were introduced, some elements and attributes were removed, and others such as <a>, <cite>, and <menu> were changed, redefined, or standardized. The APIs and Document Object Model (DOM) are now fundamental parts of the HTML5 specification,[7] and HTML5 also better defines the processing for any invalid documents.[8]

History

The Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG) began work on the new standard in 2004. At that time, HTML 4.01 had not been updated since 2000,[9] and the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) was focusing future developments on XHTML 2.0. In 2009, the W3C allowed the XHTML 2.0 Working Group's charter to expire and decided not to renew it.[10]

The Mozilla Foundation and Opera Software presented a position paper at a World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) workshop in June 2004,[11] focusing on developing technologies that are backward-compatible with existing browsers,[12] including an initial draft specification of Web Forms 2.0. The workshop concluded with a vote—8 for, 14 against—for continuing work on HTML.[13] Immediately after the workshop, WHATWG was formed to start work based upon that position paper, and a second draft, Web Applications 1.0, was also announced.[14] The two specifications were later merged to form HTML5.[15] The HTML5 specification was adopted as the starting point of the work of the new HTML working group of the W3C in 2007.

WHATWG's Ian Hickson (Google) and David Hyatt (Apple) produced W3C's first public working draft of the specification on 22 January 2008.[2]

"Thoughts on Flash"

Main article: Thoughts on Flash

While some features of HTML5 are often compared to Adobe Flash, the two technologies are very different. Both include features for playing audio and video within web pages, and for using Scalable Vector Graphics. However, HTML5 on its own cannot be used for animation or interactivity – it must be supplemented with CSS3 or JavaScript. There are many Flash capabilities that have no direct counterpart in HTML5 (see Comparison of HTML5 and Flash). HTML5's interactive capabilities became a topic of mainstream media attention around April 2010[16][17][18][19] after Apple Inc.'s then-CEO Steve Jobs issued a public letter titled "Thoughts on Flash" in which he concluded that "Flash is no longer necessary to watch video or consume any kind of web content" and that "new open standards created in the mobile era, such as HTML5, will win".[20] This sparked a debate in web development circles suggesting that, while HTML5 provides enhanced functionality, developers must consider the varying browser support of the different parts of the standard as well as other functionality differences between HTML5 and Flash.[21] In early November 2011, Adobe announced that it would discontinue the development of Flash for mobile devices and reorient its efforts in developing tools using HTML5.[22] On 25 July 2017, Adobe announced that both the distribution and support of Flash would cease by the end of 2020.[23] Adobe itself officially discontinued Flash on 31 December 2020 and all Flash content was blocked from running in Flash Player as of 12 January 2021.[24]

Last call, candidacy, and recommendation stages

On 14 February 2011, the W3C extended the charter of its HTML Working Group with clear milestones for HTML5. In May 2011, the working group advanced HTML5 to "Last Call", an invitation to communities inside and outside W3C to confirm the technical soundness of the specification. The W3C developed a comprehensive test suite to achieve broad interoperability for the full specification by 2014, which was the target date for recommendation.[25] In January 2011, the WHATWG renamed its "HTML5" specification HTML Living Standard. The W3C nevertheless continued its project to release HTML5.[26]

In July 2012, WHATWG and W3C decided on a degree of separation. W3C will continue the HTML5 specification work, focusing on a single definitive standard, which is considered a "snapshot" by WHATWG. The WHATWG organization continues its work with HTML5 as a "living standard". The concept of a living standard is that it is never complete and is always being updated and improved. New features can be added but functionality will not be removed.[27]

In December 2012, W3C designated HTML5 as a Candidate Recommendation.[28] The criterion for advancement to W3C Recommendation is "two 100% complete and fully interoperable implementations".[29]

On 16 September 2014, W3C moved HTML5 to Proposed Recommendation.[30] On 28 October 2014, HTML5 was released as a W3C Recommendation,[31] bringing the specification process to completion.[4] On 1 November 2016, HTML5.1 was released as a W3C Recommendation.[32] On 14 December 2017, HTML5.2 was released as a W3C Recommendation.[33]

Retirement

HTML5.0 was retired on 2018-03-27,[34] along with HTML 3.2,[35] HTML 4.0,[36] HTML 4.01,[37] XHTML™ 1.0,[38] and XHTML™ 1.1.[39] HTML5.2 and HTML5.3 were retired on 2021-01-28.[40][41]

Timeline

The combined timelines for HTML5.0, HTML5.1, HTML5.2 and HTML5.3:

Version First draft Candidate recommendation Recommendation Retired
HTML5.0 2007[42] 2012 2014 2018[43]
HTML5.1 2012 2015 2016 2021[44]
HTML5.2[45] 2015 2017 2017 2021[46]
HTML5.3 2017[47] — — 2021[48]

W3C and WHATWG conflict

See also: HTML § Transition of HTML Publication to WHATWG

The W3C ceded authority over the HTML and DOM standards to WHATWG on 28 May 2019, as it considered that having two standards is harmful.[49][50][51][3] The HTML Living Standard is now authoritative. However, W3C will still participate in the development process of HTML.

Before the ceding of authority, W3C and WHATWG had been characterized as both working together on the development of HTML5,[10] and yet also at cross purposes[27][4] ever since the July 2012 split. The W3C "HTML5" standard was snapshot-based (HTML5, HTML5.1, etc.) and static, while the WHATWG "HTML living standard" is continually updated. The relationship had been described as "fragile", even a "rift",[52] and characterized by "squabbling".[4]

In at least one case, namely the permissible content of the <cite> element, the two specifications directly contradicted each other (as of July 2018), with the W3C definition allowing a broader range of uses than the WHATWG definition.[53][54]

The "Introduction" section in the WHATWG spec (edited by Ian "Hixie" Hickson) is critical of W3C, e.g. "Note: Although we have asked them to stop doing so, the W3C also republishes some parts of this specification as separate documents." In its "History" subsection it portrays W3C as resistant to Hickson's and WHATWG's original HTML5 plans, then jumping on the bandwagon belatedly (though Hickson was in control of the W3C HTML5 spec, too). Regardless, it indicates a major philosophical divide between the organizations:[55]

For a number of years, both groups then worked together. In 2011, however, the groups came to the conclusion that they had different goals: the W3C wanted to publish a "finished" version of "HTML5", while the WHATWG wanted to continue working on a Living Standard for HTML, continuously maintaining the specification rather than freezing it in a state with known problems, and adding new features as needed to evolve the platform.

Since then, the WHATWG has been working on this specification (amongst others), and the W3C has been copying fixes made by the WHATWG into their fork of the document (which also has other changes).

The two entities signed an agreement to work together on a single version of HTML on 28 May 2019.[56]

Differences between the two standards

In addition to the contradiction in the <cite> element mentioned above, other differences between the two standards include at least the following, as of September 2018:

Content or Features Unique to W3C or WHATWG Standard
W3C[57] WHATWG[58]
Site pagination Single page version[59] (allows global search of contents)
Chapters §5 Microdata[60]

§9 Communication[61]

§10 Web workers[62]

§11 Web storage[63]

Global attributes :[64] class, id :[65] autocapitalize, enterkeyhint, inputmode, is, itemid, itemprop, itemref, itemscope, itemtype, nonce
Chapter Elements of HTML §4.13 Custom elements[66]
Elements <rb>,[67] <rtc>[68] (See compatibility notes below.)

<address>[69] is in section Grouping content.

<hgroup>,[70] <menu>,[71] <slot>[72] (See compatibility notes below.)

<address>[73] is in section Sections.

§ <meta> §4.2.5.4. Other pragma directives,[74] based on deprecated WHATWG procedure.[75]
§ Sections § 4.3.11.2 Sample outlines[76]

§ 4.3.11.3 Exposing outlines to users[77]

Structured data Recommends RDFa (code examples,[78][69][79] separate specs,[80][81] no special attributes[64]). Recommends Microdata (code examples,[82][83][84][85] spec chapter,[60] special attributes[65]).

The following table provides data from the Mozilla Development Network on compatibility with major browsers, as of September 2018, of HTML elements unique to one of the standards:

Element Standard Compatibility Note
<rb>[86] W3C All browsers, except Edge
<rtc>[87] W3C None, except Firefox
<hgroup>[88] WHATWG All browsers "[Since] the HTML outline algorithm is not implemented in any browsers ... the <hgroup> semantics are in practice only theoretical."
<menu>[89] WHATWG Full support only in Edge and Firefox desktops.

Partial support in Firefox mobile.

Supported in Opera with user opt-in.

Not supported in other browsers.

Experimental technology
<slot>[90] WHATWG All browsers, except IE Experimental technology

Features and APIs

The W3C proposed a greater reliance on modularity as a key part of the plan to make faster progress, meaning identifying specific features, either proposed or already existing in the spec, and advancing them as separate specifications. Some technologies that were originally defined in HTML5 itself are now defined in separate specifications:

  • HTML Working Group – HTML Canvas 2D Context;
  • Web Apps Working Group – Web Messaging, Web workers, Web storage, WebSocket, Server-sent events, Web Components[91] (this was not part of HTML5, though); the Web Applications Working Group was closed in October 2015 and its deliverables transferred to the Web Platform Working Group (WPWG).
  • IETF HyBi Working Group – WebSocket Protocol;
  • WebRTC Working Group – WebRTC;
  • Web Media Text Tracks Community Group – WebVTT.

Some features that were removed from the original HTML5 specification have been standardized separately as modules, such as Microdata and Canvas. Technical specifications introduced as HTML5 extensions such as Polyglot markup have also been standardized as modules. Some W3C specifications that were originally separate specifications have been adapted as HTML5 extensions or features, such as SVG. Some features that might have slowed down the standardization of HTML5 were or will be standardized as upcoming specifications, instead.

Features

Markup

HTML5 introduces elements and attributes that reflect typical usage on modern websites. Some of them are semantic replacements for common uses of generic block (<div>) and inline (<span>) elements, for example <nav> (website navigation block), <footer> (usually referring to bottom of web page or to last lines of HTML code), or <audio> and <video> instead of <object>.[92][93][94] Some deprecated elements from HTML 4.01 have been dropped, including purely presentational elements such as <font> and <center>, whose effects have long been superseded by the more capable Cascading Style Sheets.[95] There is also a renewed emphasis on the importance of client-side JavaScript used to create dynamic web pages.[citation needed]

The HTML5 syntax is no longer based on SGML[96][97] despite the similarity of its markup. It has, however, been designed to be backward-compatible with common parsing of older versions of HTML. It comes with a new introductory line that looks like an SGML document type declaration, <!DOCTYPE html>, which triggers the standards-compliant rendering mode.[98] Since 5 January 2009, HTML5 also includes Web Forms 2.0, a previously separate WHATWG specification.[99][100]

New APIs

 
HTML5 related APIs[101]

In addition to specifying markup, HTML5 specifies scripting application programming interfaces (APIs) that can be used with JavaScript.[102] Existing Document Object Model (DOM) interfaces are extended and de facto features documented. There are also new APIs, such as:

Not all of the above technologies are included in the W3C HTML5 specification, though they are in the WHATWG HTML specification.[114] Some related technologies, which are not part of either the W3C HTML5 or the WHATWG HTML specification, are as follows. The W3C publishes specifications for these separately:

HTML5 cannot provide animation within web pages. Additional JavaScript or CSS3 is necessary for animating HTML elements. Animation is also possible using JavaScript and HTML 4[125][failed verification], and within SVG elements through SMIL, although browser support of the latter remains uneven as of 2011.

XHTML5 (XML-serialized HTML5)

See also: XHTML § XHTML5

XML documents must be served with an XML Internet media type (often called "MIME type") such as application/xhtml+xml or application/xml,[102] and must conform to strict, well-formed syntax of XML. XHTML5 is simply XML-serialized HTML5 data (that is, HTML5 constrained to XHTML's strict requirements, e.g., not having any unclosed tags), sent with one of XML media types. HTML that has been written to conform to both the HTML and XHTML specifications and therefore produces the same DOM tree whether parsed as HTML or XML is known as polyglot markup.[126]

There is no DTD for XHTML5.[127]

Error handling

HTML5 is designed so that old browsers can safely ignore new HTML5 constructs.[7] In contrast to HTML 4.01, the HTML5 specification gives detailed rules for lexing and parsing, with the intent that compliant browsers will produce the same results when parsing incorrect syntax.[128] Although HTML5 now defines a consistent behavior for "tag soup" documents, those documents do not conform to the HTML5 standard.[128]

Popularity

According to a report released on 30 September 2011, 34 of the world's top 100 Web sites were using HTML5 – the adoption led by search engines and social networks.[129] Another report released in August 2013 has shown that 153 of the Fortune 500 U.S. companies implemented HTML5 on their corporate websites.[130]

Since 2014, HTML5 is at least partially supported by most popular layout engines.

Differences from HTML 4.01 and XHTML 1.x

The following is a cursory list of differences and some specific examples.

  • New parsing rules: oriented towards flexible parsing and compatibility; not based on SGML
  • Ability to use inline SVG and MathML in text/html
  • New elements: article, aside, audio, bdi, canvas, command, data, datalist, details, embed, figcaption, figure, footer, header, keygen, mark, meter, nav, output, progress, rp, rt, ruby, section, source, summary, time, track, video, wbr
  • New types of form controls: dates and times, email, url, search, number, range, tel, color[131]
  • New attributes: charset (on meta), async (on script)
  • Global attributes (that can be applied for every element): id, tabindex, hidden, data-* (custom data attributes)
  • Deprecated elements will be dropped altogether: acronym, applet, basefont, big, center, dir, font, frame, frameset, isindex, noframes, strike, tt

W3C Working Group publishes "HTML5 differences from HTML 4",[132] which provides a complete outline of additions, removals and changes between HTML5 and HTML4.

 
The W3C HTML5 logo

On 18 January 2011, the W3C introduced a logo to represent the use of or interest in HTML5. Unlike other badges previously issued by the W3C, it does not imply validity or conformance to a certain standard. As of 1 April 2011, this logo is official.[133]

When initially presenting it to the public, the W3C announced the HTML5 logo as a "general-purpose visual identity for a broad set of open web technologies, including HTML5, CSS, SVG, WOFF, and others".[134] Some web standard advocates, including The Web Standards Project, criticized that definition of "HTML5" as an umbrella term, pointing out the blurring of terminology and the potential for miscommunication.[134] Three days later, the W3C responded to community feedback and changed the logo's definition, dropping the enumeration of related technologies.[135] The W3C then said the logo "represents HTML5, the cornerstone for modern Web applications".[133]

Digital rights management

Industry players including the BBC, Google, Microsoft, Apple Inc. have been lobbying for the inclusion of Encrypted Media Extensions (EME),[136][137][138][139][140] a form of digital rights management (DRM), into the HTML5 standard. As of the end of 2012 and the beginning of 2013, 27 organizations[141] including the Free Software Foundation[142] have started a campaign against including digital rights management in the HTML5 standard.[143][144] However, in late September 2013, the W3C HTML Working Group decided that Encrypted Media Extensions, a form of DRM, was "in scope" and will potentially be included in the HTML5.1 standard.[145][146] WHATWG's "HTML Living Standard" continued to be developed without DRM-enabled proposals.[146]

Manu Sporny, a member of the W3C, said that EME would not solve the problem it was supposed to address.[147] Opponents point out that EME itself is just an architecture for a DRM plug-in mechanism.[148]

The initial enablers for DRM in HTML5 were Google[149] and Microsoft.[150] Supporters also include Adobe.[151] On 14 May 2014, Mozilla announced plans to support EME in Firefox, the last major browser to avoid DRM.[152][153] Calling it "a difficult and uncomfortable step", Andreas Gal of Mozilla explained that future versions of Firefox would remain open source but ship with a sandbox designed to run a content decryption module developed by Adobe,[152] later it was replaced with Widevine module from Google which is much more widely adopted by content providers. While promising to "work on alternative solutions", Mozilla's Executive Chair Mitchell Baker stated that a refusal to implement EME would have accomplished little more than convincing many users to switch browsers.[153] This decision was condemned by Cory Doctorow and the Free Software Foundation.[154][155]

See also

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External links

  • HTML Living standard from WHATWG, GitHub repo
  • WHATWG validator of latest HTML Living standard
  • W3C TRs, HTML5.3 is deprecated in favour of WHATWG HTML Living standard
  • Memorandum of Understanding Between W3C and WHATWG
  • HTML Media Extensions Working Group
  • HTML.next, Feature requests for future versions of HTML

February 06, 2023
html5, markup, language, used, structuring, presenting, content, world, wide, fifth, final, major, html, version, that, world, wide, consortium, recommendation, current, specification, known, html, living, standard, maintained, hypertext, application, technolo. HTML5 is a markup language used for structuring and presenting content on the World Wide Web It is the fifth and final 3 major HTML version that is a World Wide Web Consortium W3C recommendation The current specification is known as the HTML Living Standard It is maintained by the Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group WHATWG a consortium of the major browser vendors Apple Google Mozilla and Microsoft HTML5 HyperText Markup Language Filename extension html htmInternet media typetext htmlType codeTEXTUniform Type Identifier UTI public html 1 Developed byWHATWGInitial release22 January 2008 15 years ago 2008 01 22 2 Type of formatMarkup languageStandardHTML LSOpen format YesHTML5 was first released in a public facing form on 22 January 2008 2 with a major update and W3C Recommendation status in October 2014 4 5 Its goals were to improve the language with support for the latest multimedia and other new features to keep the language both easily readable by humans and consistently understood by computers and devices such as web browsers parsers etc without XHTML s rigidity and to remain backward compatible with older software HTML5 is intended to subsume not only HTML 4 but also XHTML 1 and DOM Level 2 HTML 6 HTML5 includes detailed processing models to encourage more interoperable implementations it extends improves and rationalizes the markup available for documents and introduces markup and application programming interfaces APIs for complex web applications 7 For the same reasons HTML5 is also a candidate for cross platform mobile applications because it includes features designed with low powered devices in mind Many new syntactic features are included To natively include and handle multimedia and graphical content the new lt video gt lt audio gt and lt canvas gt elements were added expandable sections are natively implemented through lt summary gt lt summary gt and lt details gt lt details gt rather than depending on CSS or JavaScript and support for scalable vector graphics SVG content and MathML for mathematical formulas was also added To enrich the semantic content of documents new page structure elements such as lt main gt lt section gt lt article gt lt header gt lt footer gt lt aside gt lt nav gt and lt figure gt are added New attributes were introduced some elements and attributes were removed and others such as lt a gt lt cite gt and lt menu gt were changed redefined or standardized The APIs and Document Object Model DOM are now fundamental parts of the HTML5 specification 7 and HTML5 also better defines the processing for any invalid documents 8 Contents 1 History 1 1 Thoughts on Flash 1 2 Last call candidacy and recommendation stages 1 3 Retirement 1 4 Timeline 1 5 W3C and WHATWG conflict 1 5 1 Differences between the two standards 2 Features and APIs 3 Features 3 1 Markup 3 2 New APIs 3 3 XHTML5 XML serialized HTML5 3 4 Error handling 3 5 Popularity 3 6 Differences from HTML 4 01 and XHTML 1 x 4 Logo 5 Digital rights management 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksHistory EditThe Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group WHATWG began work on the new standard in 2004 At that time HTML 4 01 had not been updated since 2000 9 and the World Wide Web Consortium W3C was focusing future developments on XHTML 2 0 In 2009 the W3C allowed the XHTML 2 0 Working Group s charter to expire and decided not to renew it 10 The Mozilla Foundation and Opera Software presented a position paper at a World Wide Web Consortium W3C workshop in June 2004 11 focusing on developing technologies that are backward compatible with existing browsers 12 including an initial draft specification of Web Forms 2 0 The workshop concluded with a vote 8 for 14 against for continuing work on HTML 13 Immediately after the workshop WHATWG was formed to start work based upon that position paper and a second draft Web Applications 1 0 was also announced 14 The two specifications were later merged to form HTML5 15 The HTML5 specification was adopted as the starting point of the work of the new HTML working group of the W3C in 2007 WHATWG s Ian Hickson Google and David Hyatt Apple produced W3C s first public working draft of the specification on 22 January 2008 2 Thoughts on Flash Edit Main article Thoughts on Flash While some features of HTML5 are often compared to Adobe Flash the two technologies are very different Both include features for playing audio and video within web pages and for using Scalable Vector Graphics However HTML5 on its own cannot be used for animation or interactivity it must be supplemented with CSS3 or JavaScript There are many Flash capabilities that have no direct counterpart in HTML5 see Comparison of HTML5 and Flash HTML5 s interactive capabilities became a topic of mainstream media attention around April 2010 16 17 18 19 after Apple Inc s then CEO Steve Jobs issued a public letter titled Thoughts on Flash in which he concluded that Flash is no longer necessary to watch video or consume any kind of web content and that new open standards created in the mobile era such as HTML5 will win 20 This sparked a debate in web development circles suggesting that while HTML5 provides enhanced functionality developers must consider the varying browser support of the different parts of the standard as well as other functionality differences between HTML5 and Flash 21 In early November 2011 Adobe announced that it would discontinue the development of Flash for mobile devices and reorient its efforts in developing tools using HTML5 22 On 25 July 2017 Adobe announced that both the distribution and support of Flash would cease by the end of 2020 23 Adobe itself officially discontinued Flash on 31 December 2020 and all Flash content was blocked from running in Flash Player as of 12 January 2021 24 Last call candidacy and recommendation stages Edit On 14 February 2011 the W3C extended the charter of its HTML Working Group with clear milestones for HTML5 In May 2011 the working group advanced HTML5 to Last Call an invitation to communities inside and outside W3C to confirm the technical soundness of the specification The W3C developed a comprehensive test suite to achieve broad interoperability for the full specification by 2014 which was the target date for recommendation 25 In January 2011 the WHATWG renamed its HTML5 specification HTML Living Standard The W3C nevertheless continued its project to release HTML5 26 In July 2012 WHATWG and W3C decided on a degree of separation W3C will continue the HTML5 specification work focusing on a single definitive standard which is considered a snapshot by WHATWG The WHATWG organization continues its work with HTML5 as a living standard The concept of a living standard is that it is never complete and is always being updated and improved New features can be added but functionality will not be removed 27 In December 2012 W3C designated HTML5 as a Candidate Recommendation 28 The criterion for advancement to W3C Recommendation is two 100 complete and fully interoperable implementations 29 On 16 September 2014 W3C moved HTML5 to Proposed Recommendation 30 On 28 October 2014 HTML5 was released as a W3C Recommendation 31 bringing the specification process to completion 4 On 1 November 2016 HTML5 1 was released as a W3C Recommendation 32 On 14 December 2017 HTML5 2 was released as a W3C Recommendation 33 Retirement Edit HTML5 0 was retired on 2018 03 27 34 along with HTML 3 2 35 HTML 4 0 36 HTML 4 01 37 XHTML 1 0 38 and XHTML 1 1 39 HTML5 2 and HTML5 3 were retired on 2021 01 28 40 41 Timeline Edit The combined timelines for HTML5 0 HTML5 1 HTML5 2 and HTML5 3 Version First draft Candidate recommendation Recommendation RetiredHTML5 0 2007 42 2012 2014 2018 43 HTML5 1 2012 2015 2016 2021 44 HTML5 2 45 2015 2017 2017 2021 46 HTML5 3 2017 47 2021 48 W3C and WHATWG conflict Edit See also HTML Transition of HTML Publication to WHATWG The W3C ceded authority over the HTML and DOM standards to WHATWG on 28 May 2019 as it considered that having two standards is harmful 49 50 51 3 The HTML Living Standard is now authoritative However W3C will still participate in the development process of HTML Before the ceding of authority W3C and WHATWG had been characterized as both working together on the development of HTML5 10 and yet also at cross purposes 27 4 ever since the July 2012 split The W3C HTML5 standard was snapshot based HTML5 HTML5 1 etc and static while the WHATWG HTML living standard is continually updated The relationship had been described as fragile even a rift 52 and characterized by squabbling 4 In at least one case namely the permissible content of the lt a href HTML elements html cite class mw redirect title HTML elements cite a gt element the two specifications directly contradicted each other as of July 2018 update with the W3C definition allowing a broader range of uses than the WHATWG definition 53 54 The Introduction section in the WHATWG spec edited by Ian Hixie Hickson is critical of W3C e g Note Although we have asked them to stop doing so the W3C also republishes some parts of this specification as separate documents In its History subsection it portrays W3C as resistant to Hickson s and WHATWG s original HTML5 plans then jumping on the bandwagon belatedly though Hickson was in control of the W3C HTML5 spec too Regardless it indicates a major philosophical divide between the organizations 55 For a number of years both groups then worked together In 2011 however the groups came to the conclusion that they had different goals the W3C wanted to publish a finished version of HTML5 while the WHATWG wanted to continue working on a Living Standard for HTML continuously maintaining the specification rather than freezing it in a state with known problems and adding new features as needed to evolve the platform Since then the WHATWG has been working on this specification amongst others and the W3C has been copying fixes made by the WHATWG into their fork of the document which also has other changes The two entities signed an agreement to work together on a single version of HTML on 28 May 2019 56 Differences between the two standards Edit In addition to the contradiction in the lt a href HTML elements html cite class mw redirect title HTML elements cite a gt element mentioned above other differences between the two standards include at least the following as of September 2018 Content or Features Unique to W3C or WHATWG Standard W3C 57 WHATWG 58 Site pagination Single page version 59 allows global search of contents Chapters 5 Microdata 60 9 Communication 61 10 Web workers 62 11 Web storage 63 Global attributes 64 class id 65 autocapitalize enterkeyhint inputmode is itemid itemprop itemref itemscope itemtype nonceChapter Elements of HTML 4 13 Custom elements 66 Elements lt rb gt 67 lt rtc gt 68 See compatibility notes below lt address gt 69 is in section Grouping content lt hgroup gt 70 lt menu gt 71 lt slot gt 72 See compatibility notes below lt address gt 73 is in section Sections lt meta gt 4 2 5 4 Other pragma directives 74 based on deprecated WHATWG procedure 75 Sections 4 3 11 2 Sample outlines 76 4 3 11 3 Exposing outlines to users 77 Structured data Recommends RDFa code examples 78 69 79 separate specs 80 81 no special attributes 64 Recommends Microdata code examples 82 83 84 85 spec chapter 60 special attributes 65 The following table provides data from the Mozilla Development Network on compatibility with major browsers as of September 2018 of HTML elements unique to one of the standards Element Standard Compatibility Note lt rb gt sup id cite ref 86 class reference a href cite note 86 86 a sup W3C All browsers except Edge lt rtc gt sup id cite ref 87 class reference a href cite note 87 87 a sup W3C None except Firefox lt hgroup gt 88 WHATWG All browsers Since the HTML outline algorithm is not implemented in any browsers the lt hgroup gt semantics are in practice only theoretical lt menu gt 89 WHATWG Full support only in Edge and Firefox desktops Partial support in Firefox mobile Supported in Opera with user opt in Not supported in other browsers Experimental technology lt slot gt sup id cite ref 90 class reference a href cite note 90 90 a sup WHATWG All browsers except IE Experimental technologyFeatures and APIs EditThis section needs to be updated The reason given is Last sentence marks 2016 as the future instead of past Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information October 2018 The W3C proposed a greater reliance on modularity as a key part of the plan to make faster progress meaning identifying specific features either proposed or already existing in the spec and advancing them as separate specifications Some technologies that were originally defined in HTML5 itself are now defined in separate specifications HTML Working Group HTML Canvas 2D Context Web Apps Working Group Web Messaging Web workers Web storage WebSocket Server sent events Web Components 91 this was not part of HTML5 though the Web Applications Working Group was closed in October 2015 and its deliverables transferred to the Web Platform Working Group WPWG IETF HyBi Working Group WebSocket Protocol WebRTC Working Group WebRTC Web Media Text Tracks Community Group WebVTT Some features that were removed from the original HTML5 specification have been standardized separately as modules such as Microdata and Canvas Technical specifications introduced as HTML5 extensions such as Polyglot markup have also been standardized as modules Some W3C specifications that were originally separate specifications have been adapted as HTML5 extensions or features such as SVG Some features that might have slowed down the standardization of HTML5 were or will be standardized as upcoming specifications instead Features EditMarkup Edit HTML5 introduces elements and attributes that reflect typical usage on modern websites Some of them are semantic replacements for common uses of generic block lt div gt and inline lt span gt elements for example lt nav gt website navigation block lt footer gt usually referring to bottom of web page or to last lines of HTML code or lt audio gt and lt video gt instead of lt object gt 92 93 94 Some deprecated elements from HTML 4 01 have been dropped including purely presentational elements such as lt font gt and lt center gt whose effects have long been superseded by the more capable Cascading Style Sheets 95 There is also a renewed emphasis on the importance of client side JavaScript used to create dynamic web pages citation needed The HTML5 syntax is no longer based on SGML 96 97 despite the similarity of its markup It has however been designed to be backward compatible with common parsing of older versions of HTML It comes with a new introductory line that looks like an SGML document type declaration lt DOCTYPE html gt which triggers the standards compliant rendering mode 98 Since 5 January 2009 HTML5 also includes Web Forms 2 0 a previously separate WHATWG specification 99 100 New APIs Edit HTML5 related APIs 101 In addition to specifying markup HTML5 specifies scripting application programming interfaces APIs that can be used with JavaScript 102 Existing Document Object Model DOM interfaces are extended and de facto features documented There are also new APIs such as Canvas 103 Timed Media Playback 104 Offline 105 Editable content 106 Drag and drop 107 History 108 MIME type and protocol handler registration 109 110 Microdata 111 Web Messaging 112 Web Storage a key value pair storage framework that provides behavior similar to cookies but with larger storage capacity and improved API 113 Not all of the above technologies are included in the W3C HTML5 specification though they are in the WHATWG HTML specification 114 Some related technologies which are not part of either the W3C HTML5 or the WHATWG HTML specification are as follows The W3C publishes specifications for these separately Geolocation IndexedDB an indexed hierarchical key value store formerly WebSimpleDB 115 File 116 an API intended to handle file uploads and file manipulation 117 Directories and System an API intended to satisfy client side storage use cases not well served by databases 118 File Writer an API for writing to files from web applications 119 Web Audio 120 a high level JavaScript API for processing and synthesizing audio in web applications ClassList 121 Web cryptography API 122 WebRTC 123 Web SQL Database a local SQL Database no longer maintained 124 HTML5 cannot provide animation within web pages Additional JavaScript or CSS3 is necessary for animating HTML elements Animation is also possible using JavaScript and HTML 4 125 failed verification and within SVG elements through SMIL although browser support of the latter remains uneven as of 2011 XHTML5 XML serialized HTML5 Edit See also XHTML XHTML5 XML documents must be served with an XML Internet media type often called MIME type such as application xhtml xml or application xml 102 and must conform to strict well formed syntax of XML XHTML5 is simply XML serialized HTML5 data that is HTML5 constrained to XHTML s strict requirements e g not having any unclosed tags sent with one of XML media types HTML that has been written to conform to both the HTML and XHTML specifications and therefore produces the same DOM tree whether parsed as HTML or XML is known as polyglot markup 126 There is no DTD for XHTML5 127 Error handling Edit HTML5 is designed so that old browsers can safely ignore new HTML5 constructs 7 In contrast to HTML 4 01 the HTML5 specification gives detailed rules for lexing and parsing with the intent that compliant browsers will produce the same results when parsing incorrect syntax 128 Although HTML5 now defines a consistent behavior for tag soup documents those documents do not conform to the HTML5 standard 128 Popularity Edit According to a report released on 30 September 2011 34 of the world s top 100 Web sites were using HTML5 the adoption led by search engines and social networks 129 Another report released in August 2013 has shown that 153 of the Fortune 500 U S companies implemented HTML5 on their corporate websites 130 Since 2014 HTML5 is at least partially supported by most popular layout engines Differences from HTML 4 01 and XHTML 1 x Edit The following is a cursory list of differences and some specific examples New parsing rules oriented towards flexible parsing and compatibility not based on SGML Ability to use inline SVG and MathML in text html New elements article aside audio bdi canvas command data datalist details embed figcaption figure footer header keygen mark meter nav output progress rp rt a href Ruby character html HTML title Ruby character ruby a section source summary time track video wbr New types of form controls dates and times email url search number range tel color 131 New attributes charset on meta async on script Global attributes that can be applied for every element id tabindex hidden data custom data attributes Deprecated elements will be dropped altogether acronym applet basefont big center dir font frame frameset isindex noframes strike ttW3C Working Group publishes HTML5 differences from HTML 4 132 which provides a complete outline of additions removals and changes between HTML5 and HTML4 Logo Edit The W3C HTML5 logo On 18 January 2011 the W3C introduced a logo to represent the use of or interest in HTML5 Unlike other badges previously issued by the W3C it does not imply validity or conformance to a certain standard As of 1 April 2011 this logo is official 133 When initially presenting it to the public the W3C announced the HTML5 logo as a general purpose visual identity for a broad set of open web technologies including HTML5 CSS SVG WOFF and others 134 Some web standard advocates including The Web Standards Project criticized that definition of HTML5 as an umbrella term pointing out the blurring of terminology and the potential for miscommunication 134 Three days later the W3C responded to community feedback and changed the logo s definition dropping the enumeration of related technologies 135 The W3C then said the logo represents HTML5 the cornerstone for modern Web applications 133 Digital rights management EditThis section needs to be updated The reason given is EME is now a W3C recommendation and thus this section seems outdated Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information June 2019 Industry players including the BBC Google Microsoft Apple Inc have been lobbying for the inclusion of Encrypted Media Extensions EME 136 137 138 139 140 a form of digital rights management DRM into the HTML5 standard As of the end of 2012 and the beginning of 2013 27 organizations 141 including the Free Software Foundation 142 have started a campaign against including digital rights management in the HTML5 standard 143 144 However in late September 2013 the W3C HTML Working Group decided that Encrypted Media Extensions a form of DRM was in scope and will potentially be included in the HTML5 1 standard 145 146 WHATWG s HTML Living Standard continued to be developed without DRM enabled proposals 146 Manu Sporny a member of the W3C said that EME would not solve the problem it was supposed to address 147 Opponents point out that EME itself is just an architecture for a DRM plug in mechanism 148 The initial enablers for DRM in HTML5 were Google 149 and Microsoft 150 Supporters also include Adobe 151 On 14 May 2014 Mozilla announced plans to support EME in Firefox the last major browser to avoid DRM 152 153 Calling it a difficult and uncomfortable step Andreas Gal of Mozilla explained that future versions of Firefox would remain open source but ship with a sandbox designed to run a content decryption module developed by Adobe 152 later it was replaced with Widevine module from Google which is much more widely adopted by content providers While promising to work on alternative solutions Mozilla s Executive Chair Mitchell Baker stated that a refusal to implement EME would have accomplished little more than convincing many users to switch browsers 153 This decision was condemned by Cory Doctorow and the Free Software Foundation 154 155 See also Edit Internet portalCache manifest in HTML5 Canvas element Dave Hyatt Apple editor of HTML5 specs Ian Hickson Google main editor of HTML5 specs Polyglot markupReferences Edit Mac Developer Library System Declared Uniform Type Identifiers Apple 17 November 2009 a b c HTML5 A vocabulary and associated APIs for HTML and XHTML W3 org W3C 22 January 2008 Retrieved 28 January 2009 a b Cimpanu Catalin 29 May 2019 Browser vendors Win War with W3C over HTML and DOM standards ZDNet Archived from the original on 29 May 2019 Retrieved 29 May 2019 a b c d HTML5 specification finalized squabbling over specs continues Ars Technica 29 October 2014 Retrieved 29 October 2014 HTML5 is a W3C recommendation W3C Blog World Wide Web Consortium W3C 28 October 2014 Retrieved 28 October 2014 HTML5 Differences from HTML4 W3 org W3C Introduction Retrieved 2 March 2018 HTML4 became a W3C Recommendation in 1997 While it continues to serve as a rough guide to many of the core features of HTML it does not provide enough information to build implementations that interoperate with each other and more importantly with Web content The same goes for XHTML1 which defines an XML serialization for HTML4 and DOM Level 2 HTML which defines JavaScript APIs for both HTML and XHTML HTML replaces these documents a b c HTML5 Differences from HTML4 W3 org W3C 19 October 2010 Retrieved 4 December 2010 HTML 5 2 W3C Recommendation W3 org W3C 14 December 2017 1 10 2 Syntax Errors Retrieved 29 June 2017 HTML 4 Errata World Wide Web Consortium Retrieved 4 December 2010 a b HTML 5 2 W3C Recommendation W3 org W3C 14 December 2017 1 4 History Retrieved 9 August 2017 Position Paper for the W3C Workshop on Web Applications and Compound Documents W3 org W3C Retrieved 30 December 2011 W3C Workshop on Web Applications and Compound Documents Day 1 W3 org W3C 1 June 2004 Retrieved 30 December 2011 W3C Workshop on Web Applications and Compound Documents Day 2 W3 org W3C 2 June 2004 Retrieved 30 December 2011 Hickson Ian 5 June 2004 whatwg WHAT open mailing list announcement Lists W3 org W3C Retrieved 8 December 2015 Pilgrim Mark 15 September 2008 This Week in HTML 5 Episode 5 WHATWG Blog WHATWG Retrieved 30 December 2011 FOX News No Flash on the iPhone Apple s Steve Jobs Finally Explains Why Fox News Channel 29 April 2010 TIME Steve Jobs Flash is No Longer Necessary and Other Musings Time 29 April 2010 Steve Jobs Why Apple Banned Flash CBS News FastCompany Steve Jobs Adobe s Flash Is Old PC History Open Web Is the Future 29 April 2010 Jobs Steve Thoughts on Flash Apple com Archived from the original on 19 May 2010 Is HTML5 Replacing Flash Lyquix com Retrieved 8 January 2014 Flash to Focus on PC Browsing and Mobile Apps Adobe to More Aggressively Contribute to HTML5 adobe com Retrieved 26 February 2012 Warren Tom 25 July 2017 Adobe will finally kill Flash in 2020 The Verge Lotus Jean 1 January 2021 Adobe Flash reaches end of life with nostalgia from users UPI W3C Confirms May 2011 for HTML5 Last Call Targets 2014 for HTML5 Standard World Wide Web Consortium 14 February 2011 Retrieved 18 February 2011 Hickson Ian HTML Is the New HTML5 Archived from the original on 6 October 2019 Retrieved 21 January 2011 a b HTML5 gets the splits NetMagazine com Retrieved 23 July 2012 HTML5 W3 org 17 December 2012 Retrieved 15 June 2013 When Will HTML5 Be Finished FAQ WHAT Working Group Retrieved 29 November 2009 Call for Review HTML5 Proposed Recommendation Published W3C News W3 org W3C 16 September 2014 Retrieved 27 September 2014 Open Web Platform Milestone Achieved with HTML5 Recommendation W3 org W3C 28 October 2014 Retrieved 29 October 2014 HTML 5 1 W3C Recommendation W3 org W3C Retrieved 26 February 2017 HTML 5 2 W3C Recommendation W3 org W3C Retrieved 14 December 2017 HTML5 Publication History W3C HTML 3 2 Reference Specification Publication History W3C HTML 4 0 Publication History W3C HTML 4 01 Publication History W3C XHTML 1 0 The Extensible HyperText Markup Language Second Edition Publication History W3C XHTML 1 1 Module based XHTML Second Edition Publication History W3C HTML 5 2 Publication History W3C HTML 5 3 Publication History W3C Web Applications 1 0 3 May 2007 Archived from the original on 3 May 2007 Retrieved 18 September 2018 HTML5 Publication History W3C HTML 5 1 2nd Edition Publication History W3C Plan 2014 World Wide Web Consortium Retrieved 23 September 2012 HTML 5 2 Publication History W3C HTML5 3 World Wide Web Consortium 14 December 2017 W3C First Public Working Draft HTML 5 3 Publication History W3C Jaffe Jeff 28 May 2019 W3C and WHATWG to Work Together to Advance the Open Web Platform W3C Blog Archived from the original on 29 May 2019 Retrieved 29 May 2019 W3C and the WHATWG Signed an Agreement to Collaborate on a Single Version of HTML and DOM W3C 28 May 2019 Archived from the original on 29 May 2019 Retrieved 29 May 2019 Memorandum of Understanding Between W3C and WHATWG W3C 28 May 2019 Archived from the original on 29 May 2019 Retrieved 29 May 2019 Hoffmann Jay 2017 A Tale of Two Standards The History of the Web Archived from the original on 1 September 2017 Retrieved 26 January 2018 Original title When Standards Divide HTML 5 2 W3C Recommendation W3 org W3C 14 December 2017 4 5 6 The cite element Retrieved 26 July 2018 HTML Living Standard HTML spec WHATWG org WHATWG 25 July 2018 4 5 6 The cite element Retrieved 26 July 2018 HTML Living Standard HTML spec WHATWG org WHATWG 25 July 2018 1 Introduction 1 6 History Retrieved 26 July 2018 W3C and the WHATWG Signed an Agreement to Collaborate on a Single Version of HTML and DOM W3C 28 May 2019 Retrieved 29 May 2019 HTML 5 2 w3 org Retrieved 18 September 2018 HTML Standard html spec whatwg org Retrieved 18 September 2018 HTML Standard One Page Version html spec whatwg org Retrieved 18 September 2018 a b HTML Standard Chapter 5 Microdata html spec whatwg org Retrieved 19 September 2018 HTML Standard Chapter 9 Communication html spec whatwg org Retrieved 19 September 2018 HTML Standard Chapter 10 Web workers html spec whatwg org Retrieved 19 September 2018 HTML Standard Chapter 11 Web storage html spec whatwg org Retrieved 19 September 2018 a b HTML 5 2 3 2 5 Global attributes w3 org Retrieved 18 September 2018 a b HTML Standard 3 2 6 Global attributes html spec whatwg org Retrieved 18 September 2018 HTML Standard 4 13 Custom elements html spec whatwg org Retrieved 18 September 2018 HTML 5 2 4 5 11 The rb element w3 org Retrieved 19 September 2018 HTML 5 2 4 5 13 The rtc element w3 org Retrieved 19 September 2018 a b HTML 5 2 4 4 2 The address element w3 org Retrieved 19 September 2018 HTML Standard 4 3 7 The hgroup element html spec whatwg org Retrieved 19 September 2018 HTML Standard 4 4 7 The menu element html spec whatwg org Retrieved 19 September 2018 HTML Standard 4 12 4 The slot element html spec whatwg org Retrieved 19 September 2018 HTML Standard 4 3 10 The address element html spec whatwg org Retrieved 19 September 2018 HTML 5 2 4 2 5 4 Other pragma directives w3 org Retrieved 19 September 2018 PragmaExtensions WHATWG Wiki wiki whatwg org Retrieved 19 September 2018 This document is obsolete HTML Standard 4 3 11 2 Sample outlines html spec whatwg org Retrieved 19 September 2018 HTML Standard 4 3 11 3 Exposing outlines to users html spec whatwg org Retrieved 19 September 2018 HTML 5 2 4 3 2 The article element w3 org Retrieved 18 September 2018 HTML 5 2 4 5 16 The time element w3 org Retrieved 18 September 2018 HTML RDFa 1 1 Second Edition w3 org Retrieved 18 September 2018 RDFa Lite 1 1 Second Edition w3 org Retrieved 18 September 2018 HTML Standard 4 3 2 The article element html spec whatwg org Retrieved 18 September 2018 HTML Standard 4 3 4 The nav element html spec whatwg org Retrieved 18 September 2018 HTML Standard 4 4 9 The dl element html spec whatwg org Retrieved 18 September 2018 HTML Standard 4 5 14 The time element html spec whatwg org Retrieved 18 September 2018 lt rb gt The Ruby Base element MDN Web Docs Retrieved 19 September 2018 lt rtc gt The Ruby Text Container element MDN Web Docs Retrieved 19 September 2018 lt hgroup gt MDN Web Docs Retrieved 19 September 2018 lt menu gt MDN Web Docs Retrieved 19 September 2018 lt slot gt MDN Web Docs Retrieved 19 September 2018 PubStatus WEBAPPS W3 org W3C Introduction to HTML 5 video Archived 24 January 2011 at the Wayback Machine IBM Developer Works New elements in HTML5 Structure and semantics Archived 5 January 2011 at the Wayback Machine ICAMD org Finalcut Silverlight Films that Videographers share Quicktime in a Flash Video on the Web using HTML5 and other Codecs Archived 26 November 2022 at the Wayback Machine 11 Obsolete features HTML5 W3C Retrieved 11 March 2014 HTML5 DTD Archived 26 November 2022 at the Wayback Machine HTML5 is not SGML based and there will be no official DTD for it HTML 5 Reference Archived 26 November 2022 at the Wayback Machine Although it is inspired by its SGML origins in practice it really only shares minor syntactic similarities As HTML5 is no longer formally based upon SGML the DOCTYPE no longer serves this purpose and thus no longer needs to refer to a DTD Suetos Shannon 26 April 2010 HTML5 Worth the Hype instantshift com Retrieved 21 October 2012 Web Forms 2 0 5 January 2009 Retrieved 11 February 2014 obsolescence notice HTML whatwg org Sergey Mavrody Sergey s HTML5 amp CSS3 Quick Reference 2nd ed Belisso Corp 2012 ISBN 978 0 9833867 2 8 a b van Kesteren Anne Pieters Simon HTML5 differences from HTML4 World Wide Web Consortium Retrieved 29 June 2017 Get Started with HTM Canvas syntaxxx com Archived from the original on 18 October 2014 Retrieved 13 October 2014 HTML whatwg org Offline Web Applications Archived 26 November 2022 at the Wayback Machine World Wide Web Consortium HTML whatwg org HTML whatwg org The History interface w3 org HTML whatwg org HTML whatwg org HTML whatwg org Web Messaging specification whatwg org Web Storage specification whatwg org 1 Introduction HTML Standard Whatwg org Retrieved 8 January 2014 Indexed Database Archived 2 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine World Wide Web Consortium File API W3 org Retrieved 8 January 2014 File API Archived 26 November 2022 at the Wayback Machine World Wide Web Consortium Filesystem API Archived 26 November 2022 at the Wayback Machine World Wide Web Consortium File API Writer Archived 26 November 2022 at the Wayback Machine World Wide Web Consortium Web Audio API World Wide Web Consortium Retrieved 2 March 2018 MDN element classList Web Cryptography API w3 org WebRTC 1 0 Real time Communication Between Browsers w3 org Archived from the original on 7 April 2019 Retrieved 17 June 2016 Web SQL Database Archived 3 February 2019 at the Wayback Machine World Wide Web Consortium Williamson James 2010 What HTML5 is and what it isn t Retrieved 14 May 2014 Graff Eliot Polyglot Markup HTML Compatible XHTML Documents W3C Retrieved 6 July 2013 14 The XML syntax HTML Standard WHATWG a b FAQ WHATWG Wiki WHATWG Retrieved 26 August 2011 Percentage of Web sites Using HTML5 binvisions 30 September 2011 Retrieved 21 October 2011 HTML5 Popularity Among Fortune 500 Companies Archived 14 June 2017 at the Wayback Machine INCORE Retrieved 5 March 2013 HTML5 form additions World Wide Web Consortium Retrieved 13 October 2014 HTML5 Differences from HTML4 FAQ World Wide Web Consortium 9 December 2014 Retrieved 2 March 2018 a b W3C HTML5 Logo FAQ World Wide Web Consortium Retrieved 21 January 2011 Is this W3C s official logo for HTML5 Yes as of 1 April 2011 a b HTML5 Logo Be Proud But Don t Muddy the Waters The Web Standards Project Archived from the original on 10 August 2011 Retrieved 22 January 2011 The HTML5 Logo Conversation World Wide Web Consortium Retrieved 21 January 2011 Encrypted Media Extensions Archived 20 January 2021 at the Wayback Machine draft specification of the W3C Bright Peter 16 April 2013 Netflix coming to HTML5 just as soon as the DRM ducks are in a row Ars Technica Sporny Manu 26 January 2013 DRM in HTML5 Tell W3C We don t want the Hollyweb Free Software Foundation May 2013 HTML5 webpage locks would stifle innovation BBC News 30 May 2013 Une coalition de vingt sept organisations demande au W3C de garder les menottes numeriques DRM hors des standards du Web 24 April 2013 Retrieved 14 May 2014 Tell W3C We don t want the Hollyweb Free Software Foundation defectivebydesign org Archived from the original on 3 April 2013 Retrieved 6 May 2013 Stallman Richard 2 May 2013 The W3C s Soul at Stake The Free Software Foundation Retrieved 14 May 2014 Lord Timothy 16 April 2013 Netflix Wants to Go HTML5 but Not Without DRM Retrieved 14 May 2014 New Charter for the HTML Working Group from Philippe Le Hegaret on 2013 09 30 public html admin w3 org from September 2013 Lists w3 org 30 September 2013 Retrieved 8 January 2014 a b O Brien Danny 2 October 2013 Lowering Your Standards DRM and the Future of the W3C Electronic Frontier Foundation Retrieved 3 October 2013 Sporny Manu 26 January 2013 DRM in HTML5 The Beautiful Tormented Machine Manu Sporny Archived from the original on 25 April 2014 Retrieved 16 May 2014 Gilbertson Scott 12 February 2013 DRM for the Web Say It Ain t So Webmonkey Archived from the original on 24 March 2013 Retrieved 21 March 2013 Release notes for Google Chrome 25 0 1364 87 HTML5 Video in IE 11 on Windows 8 1 18 April 2017 Adobe Support for Encrypted Media Extensions Archived 9 November 2016 at the Wayback Machine Adobe com 19 June 2013 a b Gal Andreas 14 May 2014 Reconciling Mozilla s Mission and W3C EME Mozilla Retrieved 20 May 2014 a b Baker Mitchell 14 May 2014 DRM and the Challenge of Serving Users Mozilla Retrieved 20 May 2014 Doctorow Cory 14 May 2014 Firefox s adoption of closed source DRM breaks my heart The Guardian Retrieved 20 May 2014 FSF condemns partnership between Mozilla and Adobe to support Digital Rights Management Free Software Foundation 14 May 2014 Retrieved 20 May 2014 External links EditHTML5 at Wikipedia s sister projects Definitions from Wiktionary Media from Commons Textbooks from Wikibooks Resources from Wikiversity Data from Wikidata Documentation from MediaWiki HTML Living standard from WHATWG GitHub repo WHATWG validator of latest HTML Living standard W3C TRs HTML5 3 is deprecated in favour of WHATWG HTML Living standard Memorandum of Understanding Between W3C and WHATWG HTML Media Extensions Working Group HTML next Feature requests for future versions of HTML Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title HTML5 amp oldid 1136062909, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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