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2001

February 12, 2023

This article is about the year 2001. For the film, see 2001: A Space Odyssey (film). For other uses, see 2001 (disambiguation).

2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, the 2001st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 1st year of the 3rd millennium and the 21st century, and the 2nd year of the 2000s decade.

Millennium: 3rd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
2001 by topic:
Arts
Animation (Anime) – Architecture – Comics – Film (Horror, Science fiction) – Literature (Poetry) – Music (Classical, Country, Hip hop, Jazz, Latin, Metal, Rock, UK, US, Korea) – Radio – Photo – Television – Video games
Politics and government
Elections – International leaders – Sovereign states
Sovereign state leaders – Territorial governors
Science and technology
Archaeology – Biotechnology – Computing – Palaeontology – Quantum computing and communication – Senescence research – Space/Astronomy – Spaceflight – Sustainable energy research
Environment and environmental sciences
Birding/Ornithology – Climate change – Weather
Transportation
Aviation – Rail transport – Transportation technology
Sports
American football – Association football – Athletics (sport) – Badminton – Baseball – Basketball – Chess – Combat sports – Cricket – Cycling – Golf – Ice hockey – Rugby union – Swimming – Tennis – Volleyball
By place
Afghanistan – Albania – Algeria – Andorra – Angola – Antarctica – Antigua and Barbuda – Argentina – Armenia – Australia – Austria – Azerbaijan – Bangladesh – The Bahamas – Bahrain – Barbados – Belarus – Belgium – Belize – Benin – Bhutan – Bolivia – Bosnia and Herzegovina – Botswana – Brazil – Brunei – Bulgaria – Burkina Faso – Burundi – Cambodia – Cameroon – Canada – Cape Verde – Central African Republic – Chad – Chile – China – Colombia – Costa Rica – Comoros – Congo – D.R. Congo – Croatia – Cuba – Cyprus – Czech Republic – Denmark – Djibouti – Dominica – Dominican Republic – East Timor – Ecuador – Egypt – El Salvador – Eritrea – Estonia – Ethiopia – Eswatini – Equatorial Guinea – Fiji – Finland – France – Gabon – The Gambia – Georgia – Germany – Ghana – Greece – Grenada – Guatemala – Guinea – Guinea-Bissau – Guyana – Haiti – Honduras – Hong Kong – Hungary – Iceland – India – Indonesia – Iran – Iraq – Ireland – Israel – Italy – Ivory Coast – Jamaica – Japan – Jordan – Kazakhstan – Kenya – Kiribati – Kosovo – Kuwait – Kyrgyzstan – Laos – Latvia – Lebanon – Lesotho – Liberia – Liechtenstein – Libya – Lithuania – Luxembourg – Macau – Madagascar – Marshall Islands – Malawi – Malaysia – Maldives – Mali – Malta – Mauritania – Mauritius – Mexico – Micronesia – Moldova – Monaco – Mongolia – Montenegro – Morocco – Mozambique – Myanmar – Nauru – Namibia – Nepal – Netherlands – New Zealand – Nicaragua – Niger – Nigeria – North Korea – North Macedonia – Norway – Oman – Pakistan – Palau – Palestine – Panama – Papua New Guinea – Paraguay – Peru – Philippines – Poland – Portugal – Qatar – Romania – Russia – Rwanda – Saint Kitts and Nevis – Saint Lucia – Saint Vincent and the Grenadines – Samoa – San Marino – São Tomé and Príncipe – Saudi Arabia – Senegal – Serbia – Seychelles – Sierra Leone – Singapore – Slovakia – Slovenia – Somalia – Somaliland – South Africa – Solomon Islands – South Korea – South Sudan – Spain – Sri Lanka – Sudan – Suriname – Sweden – Switzerland – Syria – Taiwan – Tajikistan – Tanzania – Thailand – Togo – Tonga – Trinidad and Tobago – Tunisia – Turkey – Turkmenistan – Tuvalu – Uganda – Ukraine – United Arab Emirates – United Kingdom – United States – Uruguay – Uzbekistan – Vanuatu – Vatican City – Venezuela – Vietnam – Yemen – Zambia – Zimbabwe
Other topics
Religious leaders
Birth and death categories
Births – Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments – Disestablishments
Works and introductions categories
Works – Introductions
Works entering the public domain
2001 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar2001
MMI
Ab urbe condita2754
Armenian calendar1450
ԹՎ ՌՆԾ
Assyrian calendar6751
Baháʼí calendar157–158
Balinese saka calendar1922–1923
Bengali calendar1408
Berber calendar2951
British Regnal year49 Eliz. 2 – 50 Eliz. 2
Buddhist calendar2545
Burmese calendar1363
Byzantine calendar7509–7510
Chinese calendar庚辰年 (Metal Dragon)
4697 or 4637
    — to —
辛巳年 (Metal Snake)
4698 or 4638
Coptic calendar1717–1718
Discordian calendar3167
Ethiopian calendar1993–1994
Hebrew calendar5761–5762
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat2057–2058
 - Shaka Samvat1922–1923
 - Kali Yuga5101–5102
Holocene calendar12001
Igbo calendar1001–1002
Iranian calendar1379–1380
Islamic calendar1421–1422
Japanese calendarHeisei 13
(平成１３年)
Javanese calendar1933–1934
Juche calendar90
Julian calendarGregorian minus 13 days
Korean calendar4334
Minguo calendarROC 90
民國90年
Nanakshahi calendar533
Thai solar calendar2544
Tibetan calendar阳金龙年
(male Iron-Dragon)
2127 or 1746 or 974
    — to —
阴金蛇年
(female Iron-Snake)
2128 or 1747 or 975
Unix time978307200 – 1009843199
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2001.

2001 was dominated by the September 11 attacks against the United States by Al-Qaeda, which killed 2,977 people and instigated the global war on terror.[1][2] The United States led a multi-national coalition in an invasion of Afghanistan after the Taliban government did not extradite Al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden.

Internal conflicts, political or otherwise, caused shifts in leadership in multiple countries, which included the assassination of Laurent-Désiré Kabila in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,[3] the Second EDSA Revolution in the Philippines,[4] the massacre of the royal family by the crown prince in Nepal,[5] and civil unrest in Argentina.[6] Other notable political events were an escalation in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict,[7] the storming of the Indonesian parliament,[8] the Hainan Island incident between China and the United States,[9] an insurgency in Macedonia,[10] and a terrorist attack on the Parliament of India that began the 2001–2002 India–Pakistan standoff.[11]

Space milestones in 2001 were numerous, the most notable being the first spacecraft landing on an asteroid,[12] the deorbit of the Russian station Mir,[13] American entrepreneur Dennis Tito becoming the first space tourist,[14] the discovery of 28978 Ixion in the Kuiper belt,[15] a flyby of Io by the U.S. Galileo probe,[16] and the first discovery of an atmosphere on an exoplanet.[17] In addition, the year witnessed the first sequence of the human genome,[18] the first self-contained artificial heart,[19] and the first clone of a human embryo.[20]

Notable deaths in 2001 included world leaders Laurent-Désiré Kabila, Nguyễn Văn Thiệu, Giovanni Leone and Léopold Sédar Senghor; musicians Joey Ramone, Aaliyah and George Harrison; film figures Stanley Kramer, Anthony Quinn and Jack Lemmon; writers Douglas Adams and R. K. Narayan; athletes Don Bradman, Didi and Josef Bican; and royal figures King Birendra of Nepal and his son Dipendra, and queen consort Soraya Esfandiary-Bakhtiary of Iran.

2001 was designated as International Year of Volunteers by the United Nations.[21]

Health and society

The world population on January 1, 2001, was estimated to be 6.190 billion people, and it increased to 6.272 billion people by January 1, 2002.[22] The average global life expectancy was 66.8 years, an increase of 0.3 years from 2000.[22] The rate of child mortality was 7.58%, a decrease of 0.26% from 2000.[23] 28.25% of people were living in extreme poverty, a decrease of 0.88% from 2000.[24]

The number of global refugees in 2001 was approximately 12 million. 500,000 were settled over the course of the year, but the same number of people were displaced in other locations, causing the number of refugees to remain largely unchanged. The largest sources of refugees were from Afghanistan and Macedonia. The number of internally displaced persons decreased from 21.8 million to 19.8 million in 2001, with the most affected areas being Afghanistan, Colombia, and Liberia.[25]

The World Health Organization (WHO) recognized mental health as its health concern of focus in the 2001 World Health Report.[26] The WHO also began a five-year program to reduce road injury fatalities following a warning of the problem's severity by the Red Cross the previous year.[27] The WHO's Commission on Macroeconomics and Health released a report in 2001 detailing how spending by developed nations could protect health in developing nations but that efforts to do so were impeded by the anti-globalization movement.[28]

2001 was designated as International Year of Volunteers by the United Nations.[29]

Health incidents

An ebola outbreak continued from 2000 in Uganda until the final case was diagnosed on January 16.[30] Another outbreak occurred in Gabon and the Republic of the Congo in October, which would continue until July 2002.[31] An outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease occurred in the United Kingdom in 2001, beginning on February 19.[32] It affected thousands of farm animals and prompted the killing of millions of animals to contain the outbreak.[33] The largest ever recorded outbreak of Legionnaires' disease occurred in July in Murcia, Spain. 449 cases were confirmed, with more than 800 suspected ones.[34]

The September 11 attacks caused widespread health effects in the people of New York City relating to air pollution by carcinogens and other harmful particles such as asbestos and metals. Approximately 400,000 people were exposed, and many would go on to suffer lifelong chronic illness as a result of exposure.[35]

Conflicts

Internal conflicts

The 2001 insurgency in Macedonia began on January 22 when the National Liberation Army (NLA) attacked a police station in Tearce, about 15 kilometres (9 mi) from the border with Kosovo, which escalated what had been smaller skirmishes along the border. The Battle of Tetovo was the first major offensive of the insurgency, launched by the NLA on March 14.[36] Tetovo would remain a major area of conflict for the duration of the insurgency.[37] Attempts to reach a ceasefire were interrupted in June.[38] The Ohrid Agreement was signed on August 13,[39] and the deployment of NATO peacekeeping forces to Macedonia was authorized on August 21.[10] In Yugoslavia, the related insurgency in the Preševo Valley by Albanian rebels escalated on February 5.[40] The Končulj Agreement, signed in May, mandated a ceasefire and resulted in the full demilitarization, demobilization, and disarmament of the Liberation Army of Preševo, Medveđa and Bujanovac (UÇPMB).[41]

The Second Congo War continued with the assassination of President Laurent-Désiré Kabila on January 16.[3] The Angolan Civil War moved toward peace talks in 2001, but talks were challenged by attacks on civilians by UNITA,[42] including a train bombing on August 10 that killed 252 people.[43] The insurgency following the Second Chechen War continued in Chechnya, prompting Russia to respond with the Alkhan-Kala operation on June 25.[44] The War of the Peters continued into 2001 as a conflict between two commanders within the larger Second Sudanese Civil War, going on until a ceasefire was negotiated in August.[45] The Bandaranaike Airport attack was a deadly attack by the Tamil Tigers that took place as part of the ongoing Eelam War III in Sri Lanka.[46] The Provisional Irish Republican Army began disarmament in October following decades of paramilitary attacks during the Troubles.[47]

Two failed coup attempts took place in 2001: a group of junior officers sought to overthrow President Pierre Buyoya in Burundi while he was out of the country on April 18,[48] and André Kolingba, a former president of the Central African Republic, led a military coup against his successor Ange-Félix Patassé on May 28, causing several days of violence.[49]

International conflicts

The Second Intifada marked increased conflict between Israel and Palestine in 2001 when terrorists affiliated with Hamas carried out several suicide bombings and other attacks on Israeli citizens.[7][50] The Israeli government responded with temporary occupations,[7] targeted killings,[51] and its first use of airstrikes against Palestine since 1967.[52] The Israeli and Palestinian governments agreed to a ceasefire on September 19.[53]

Border clashes occurred between Bangladesh and India in April.[54] The 2001–2002 India–Pakistan standoff began on December 13 after an attack on the Parliament of India by Pakistani militants.[11] Enforcement of the Iraqi no-fly zones led to air strikes against Iraq in February and August by the United States and the United Kingdom.[55]

September 11 attacks and War in Afghanistan

Main articles: September 11 attacks and United States invasion of Afghanistan

The September 11 attacks were committed against the United States by Al-Qaeda when 19 terrorists hijacked four commercial airplanes and crashed two of them into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center, one into the Pentagon, and one in a field in Stonycreek Township, Pennsylvania. 2,977 people were killed, and the subsequent global war on terror made the attacks one of the events that defined 2001.[1][2][56] The United States demanded that the Taliban extradite Al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden and end state-sponsored terrorism in Afghanistan. When these demands were not met, the United States led a multi-national coalition in the invasion of Afghanistan on October 7, entering into the ongoing Afghan Civil War.[57]

The first major offensive was won by American and Northern Alliance forces during the Fall of Mazar-i-Sharif on November 10.[58] The Northern Alliance took control of the city of Herat during an uprising on November 12,[59] and Al-Qaeda surrendered the Afghan capital Kabul to the Northern Alliance on November 13.[60] The Taliban surrendered in Kandahar on December 6.[61] The United States and its allies attacked the Al-Qaeda headquarters in Tora Bora in December, but Osama bin Laden escaped by the time the cave complex was captured by the forces on December 17.[62] An interim government of Afghanistan led by Hamid Karzai was formed on December 22.[63]

Culture

Architecture and art

Main articles: 2001 in architecture and 2001 in art

Museums that opened in 2001 include the Ghibli Museum in Tokyo,[64] the Neue Galerie New York,[65] the Jewish Museum Berlin,[66] and the Leopold Museum in Vienna.[67] The Kodak Theatre opened in Hollywood in November 2001, constructed to host the Academy Awards.[68] The Leaning Tower of Pisa reopened to the public on December 15 after 12 years of reconstruction.[69]

Several iconic works of photojournalism were produced during the September 11 attacks, including The Falling Man and Raising the Flag at Ground Zero.[70] The Sphere was one of many artworks damaged during the attacks. It was the only one to be recovered, and the sculpture continued to be displayed in its damaged form as a memorial.[71] Notable paintings made in 2001 include The Pupils by Michaël Borremans in Belgium, They Could Still Serve by Ellen Gallagher in the United States, and Traditional Chinese Studies Institute by Chen Danqing in China.

Media

Main articles: 2001 in film, 2001 in music, and 2001 in video games

The highest-grossing films in 2001 were Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring, and Monsters, Inc. The highest-grossing non-English film was Studio Ghibli's anime Spirited Away, which was the 15th highest-grossing film of the year.[72] The inaugural entries of the Harry Potter and Lord of the Rings film franchises prompted a shift in both the film and literary communities by propelling fantasy into mainstream culture, popularizing young adult novels, and reforming the blockbuster to promote film franchises and cater to fandom communities.[73][74]

In music, 3.2 billion units were sold with a value of US$33.7 billion. DVD-Audio and Super Audio CD first rose to prominence in 2001, with approximately 600 titles available in these formats.[75] Portable music grew in popularity after Apple Inc. released the iTunes media library on January 9[76] and the first iPod music player device on October 23.[77] Worldwide, the best-selling albums were Hybrid Theory (2000) by Linkin Park, No Angel (1999) by Dido, and Survivor (2001) by Destiny's Child.[78] The best-selling non-English album was Cieli di Toscana (transl. Tuscan Skies; 2001) by Italian tenor Andrea Bocelli, which topped the charts in the Netherlands and Sweden[79] and was the 23rd best-selling album globally.[78]

Three major video game systems were released in 2001: the GameCube and the Game Boy Advance by Nintendo, and the Xbox by Microsoft.[80] Sega, which had been a major competitor in the video game hardware market to this point, ended its involvement in the market after the failure of the Dreamcast.[81] The year 2001 is remembered for its influence on the video game industry with the release of many games recognized as classics.[82][83] Many video games released in 2001 defined or redefined their respective genres, including hack and slash game Devil May Cry,[84][85] first-person shooter game Halo: Combat Evolved,[86][87] and open world action-adventure game Grand Theft Auto III, which is regarded as an industry-defining work.[88][89]

Bratz, an American fashion doll and media franchise created by former Mattel employee Carter Bryant for MGA Entertainment, debuted on May 21.[90]

Sports

Main article: 2001 in sports

NASCAR driver Dale Earnhardt, described as the greatest driver in the sport's history, died in a crash during the 2001 Daytona 500 on February 18.[91] The World Wrestling Federation agreed to purchase its largest rival, World Championship Wrestling, on March 23.[92] In April, golf player Tiger Woods became the only player to achieve a "Tiger Slam" after winning the 2001 Masters Tournament, in which he consecutively won all four championship golf titles outside of a single calendar year.[93] The world record for largest victory in an international football match was set by Australia in a 0–22 victory against Tonga on April 9. Australia set this record again with a 31–0 victory against American Samoa on April 11.[94] The unbalanced nature of these matches prompted changes to the FIFA qualification process.[95] The "Thunder in Africa" boxing match ended in a major upset after Hasim Rahman defeated champion Lennox Lewis on April 22. Lewis would go on to win a rematch on November 11.[96]

Disasters

Accidents

Two major crowd crushes took place at sporting events in 2001. 43 people were killed during the Ellis Park Stadium disaster on April 11 in Johannesburg, South Africa after Ellis Park Stadium was overcrowded,[97] and 126 people were killed during the Accra Sports Stadium disaster on May 9 in Accra, Ghana during an ongoing sports riot.[98] Major structural failures in 2001 included the collapse of the Hintze Ribeiro Bridge in Portugal on March 4, killing approximately 70 people,[99] and the collapse of a wedding hall on May 24 in Jerusalem, Israel, killing 23 people.[100] 44 people were killed in a building fire, the fifth-deadliest in post-war Japanese history,[101] on September 1 in Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.[102] 31 people were killed when a fertilizer factory exploded on September 21 in Toulouse, France. The explosion was caused by a chemical spill amid unsafe storage practices.[103] At least 291 people were killed in Lima, Peru on December 29 after a firework accident caused a fire in a shopping center.[104]

The deadliest rail accidents in 2001 include a train collision that killed at least 30 people in the Republic of the Congo on January 12,[105] a train derailment over a bridge that killed 59 people in Kadalundi on June 22,[106] a train collision that killed 31 people in Jakarta on September 2,[107] and a train collision that killed 42 people at the Ketanggungan Barat railway station in Indonesia on December 25.[108] The deadliest aircraft accidents in 2001 include a Vladivostok Air crash at International Airport Irkutsk, Russia, which killed 145 people on July 4,[109] a collision at Linate Airport in Milan, Italy, which killed 118 people on October 8,[110] and an American Airlines crash in Queens, New York City, which killed 265 people on November 12.[111]

Natural disasters

 
One of the landslides caused by the January 2001 earthquake in El Salvador; About 585 of the deaths are caused by landslides in Santa Tecla and Comasagua.
Main articles: List of earthquakes in 2001 and Tropical cyclones in 2001

There were four earthquakes in 2001 that caused significant casualties. El Salvador was struck by two of them: a 7.6-magnitude earthquake on January 13 and a 6.6-magnitude earthquake on February 13, which resulted in the deaths of at least 944 and 315 people respectively.[112][113] A 7.7-magnitude earthquake in Gujarat, India, on January 26 killed between 13,805 and 20,023 people, and destroyed nearly 340,000 buildings.[114][115] An 8.4-magnitude earthquake, then the strongest that had occurred globally since 1965, killed at least 77 people in Peru on June 23.[116] A 7.8-magnitude earthquake struck China with an epicenter near Kokoxili, close to the border between Qinghai and Xinjiang, on November 14, but it occurred in a sparsely populated mountainous region and there were no casualties.[117]

The 2001 Atlantic hurricane season was slightly more active than normal, including 15 tropical storms and hurricanes. The deadliest storms were Tropical Storm Allison in June, Hurricane Iris in October, and Hurricane Michelle in November. All three of these storms had their names retired by the World Meteorological Organization. Tropical Storm Allison was the deadliest tropical storm to hit the United States without reaching hurricane strength.[118] The 2001 Pacific typhoon season was slightly larger than average, including 28 tropical storms, 20 typhoons, and 11 intense typhoons. The most powerful storms were Typhoon Podul in October and Typhoon Faxai in December.[119]

Economy

Further information: Early 2000s recession
See also: 2001 world oil market chronology and Economic effects of the September 11 attacks

A minor economic decline took place among many developed economies in 2001. The United States saw a recession from March to November after a correction of the dot-com bubble, an over-valued tech industry. Further economic disruption occurred in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks.[120] European economies also saw stalled growth in 2001,[121] with Germany entering a brief recession toward the end of the year.[122] Argentina's years-long economic crisis reached its peak in December when a bank run prompted the freezing of deposits, in turn causing widespread social unrest and the resignation of the President of Argentina.[123] Overall, 2001 marked a decline in international trade by about 1.5%, which was a significant contrast from the 11% increase in 2000. This was the first negative growth in international trade since 1982. IT industries and the dot-com crash are attributed for the decline in trade.[124]

Greece became the 12th country to join the Eurozone on January 1.[125] America Online (AOL), a U.S. online service provider, was at the apex of its popularity and purchased the media conglomerate Time Warner. The deal took effect on January 11, in the largest merger in history at that time.[126] AOL would rapidly shrink thereafter, partly due to the decline of dial-up and rise of broadband, and the deal would fall apart before the end of the decade, which would be regarded as one of the world's greatest business failures.[127][128] The Enron scandal took place in October 2001 when Enron Corporation, an American energy company based in Houston, Texas, was found to be committing fraud, bringing about the criminal conviction of several executives and causing the company to undergo the largest bankruptcy at that point in U.S. history.[129] The national airlines of Belgium and Switzerland (Sabena and Swissair, respectively) ended operations in 2001.[130][131]

Politics

Main article: 2001 in politics

Freedom House recognized 63% of national governments as electoral democracies by the end of 2001, with the Gambia and Mauritania being recognized as democracies following peaceful transfers of power. Peru also saw a significant expansion of civil rights, emerging from the authoritarian rule of Alberto Fujimori. Argentina, Liberia, Trinidad and Tobago, and Zimbabwe underwent significant democratic backsliding in 2001, with Liberia and Zimbabwe recognized as authoritarian governments by the end of the year. 64.65% of the world's population lived in countries that generally respected human rights, while 35.35% lived in countries that denied political rights and civil liberties.[132]

Islamic terrorism became the predominant global political concern amidst the September 11 attacks and the War on Terror. Islamic extremism was identified as a major threat to democracy and human rights, both in the Muslim world through the implementation of Islamism and in the rest of the world through terrorism.[132]

Domestic

 
The taller Buddha of Bamiyan before (left) and after destruction (right)

The Islamic State of Afghanistan was the de jure government of Afghanistan in 2001, but for several years it had operated as a government in exile while the Taliban-led Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan held de facto control over most of the country.[133] Despite pleas from the international community to spare them, the Taliban proceeded to destroy the Buddhas of Bamiyan starting on March 2, having declared that they are idols.[134] The Islamic State of Afghanistan was restored to power following the invasion of Afghanistan with the appointment of president Hamid Karzai on December 22.[63]

The Second EDSA Revolution took place in the Philippines in January. Protests amid a corruption scandal and the resulting impeachment of President Joseph Estrada caused the president to announce his resignation, and he was succeeded by Vice President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo on January 20.[4] A self-immolation incident took place in Tiananmen Square in central Beijing, China, on January 23. Five members of the Falun Gong, a religious movement banned in mainland China, are alleged to have set themselves on fire, but details surrounding the incident are disputed by Falun Gong sources.[135] Thousands of protesters stormed the Indonesian parliament building on January 29.[8] The Argentine great depression escalated with rioting on December 19, prompting President Fernando de la Rúa to resign two days later.[6][136]

Two former heads of government were arrested in 2001: President Slobodan Milošević of Serbia (1997–2000) was arrested on April 2 for his role in the Srebrenica massacre,[137] and President Carlos Menem of Argentina (1989–1999) was arrested on June 7 for arms trafficking.[138]

Ghana underwent its first peaceful transfer of power since 1979 when John Kufuor was sworn in as President of Ghana on January 7.[139] The Netherlands became the first modern country to legalize same-sex marriage on April 1.[140] The royal family of Nepal was killed on June 1 by Crown Prince Dipendra, who effectively became king upon his father's death. King Dipendra died days later and was succeeded by his uncle Gyanendra.[5] The Constitution of the Comoros was amended on December 24, creating a federal government with a rotating presidency and granting increased autonomy to the three island administrations.[141]

International

Further information: Constitutive Act of the African Union
See also: China–United States relations and Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration
 
Flag of the African Union, adopted at its 14th Ordinary Session of the Assembly of Heads of State and Government in 2010

Two major regional organizations were announced in 2001: The African Union was established on May 26 as a pan-African forum to promote unity between African countries, including cooperation in economic and security issues. It would take effect in 2002, replacing the Organisation of African Unity.[142] The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation was announced on June 15 to facilitate political and economic cooperation between Asian countries.[143] Three countries joined the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001: Lithuania on May 31,[144] Moldova on July 26,[145] and China on December 11.[146] The WTO began the Doha Development Round in November to negotiate lower trade barriers between countries and integrate developing nations into the global economy.[147]

The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants was signed on May 22 to limit the production of persistent organic pollutants.[148] The World Conference against Racism 2001 began on August 31, in Durban, South Africa, under the auspices of the United Nations.[149] Israel and the United States withdrew from the conference on September 3 over objections to a draft resolution document equating Zionism with racism and singling out the Jewish state for war crimes.[150] The Aarhus Convention agreement took effect on October 30, establishing the right to environmental information and environmental justice for European and Central Asian countries.[151] The Convention on Cybercrime, the first international treaty to address cybercrime, was signed on November 23.[152]

A diplomatic incident occurred between China and the United States when military planes of the two countries collided on April 1.[9]

Science and technology

Main articles: 2001 in science and 2001 in spaceflight

The Human Genome Project released the first draft of its human genome sequence on February 12.[18] The first self-contained artificial heart was implanted on July 2.[19] Several accomplishments were made in the field of cloning in 2001, including the clone of a gaur[153] the clone of a mouflon,[154] and the first clone of a human embryo.[20]

There were only 57 successful orbital spaceflights in 2001, the fewest since 1963. Eight of these launches were crewed missions. Two failed spaceflights also took place.[155] The NEAR Shoemaker made the first successful landing of a spacecraft on an asteroid on February 12.[12] The Mir space station was deorbited and destroyed on March 23.[13] The 2001 Mars Odyssey orbiter was launched on April 7 and arrived at Mars on October 24.[156] American entrepreneur Dennis Tito became the first space tourist on April 28 aboard the Russian Soyuz TM-32.[14] 28978 Ixion was discovered on May 22.[15] The Genesis probe was launched on August 8 to collect solar wind samples.[157] Deep Space 1 carried out a flyby of Comet Borrelly on September 22,[158] and Galileo carried out a flyby of Io on October 15.[16] An atmosphere was discovered on an exoplanet for the first time on November 27.[17]

Apple Inc. released the Mac OS X operating system for Mac computers on March 24.[159] 3G wireless technology first became available on October 1 when it was adopted by Japanese telecommunications company NTT Docomo.[160] Microsoft released the Windows XP operating system to retail on October 25.[161] The Segway, a self-balancing personal transporter invented by Dean Kamen, was unveiled on December 3 after months of public speculation and media hype,[162] on the ABC News morning program Good Morning America.[163]

Events

January

 
Map of the 2001 insurgency in Macedonia, part of the Yugoslav Wars

February

 
433 Eros as seen from the NEAR spacecraft

March

April

 
Two men marrying in Amsterdam on April 1, the first day in which the possibility to marry was opened to same-sex couples
 
Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi and U.S. President George W. Bush meet at the White House in September 2001.

May

June

 
Buffalo Bayou and White Oak Bayou at Main Street after Tropical Storm Allison hit Houston, Texas, U.S.

July

August

 
A Genesis collector array in the clean lab at Johnson Space Center. The hexagons consist of a variety of ultra-pure, semiconductor-grade wafers, including silicon, corundum, gold on sapphire, diamond-like carbon films,[222] and other materials.[223]

September

 
The World Trade Center and the Statue of Liberty just after the September 11 attacks in New York City

October

 
Swissair Airbus A321-100 (2001)
 
First generation iPod

November

 
Size comparison of HD 209458 b with Jupiter (left)

December

 
A ZPU-2 anti-aircraft gun that was mounted on the North Korean vessel sunk in the Battle of Amami-Ōshima

Births

January–April

May–August

September–December

Deaths

Further information: Category:2001 deaths
Deaths
January · February · March · April · May · June · July · August · September · October · November · December

January

Main article: Deaths in January 2001

February

Main article: Deaths in February 2001

March

Main article: Deaths in March 2001

April

Main article: Deaths in April 2001

May

Main article: Deaths in May 2001

June

Main article: Deaths in June 2001

July

Main article: Deaths in July 2001

August

Main article: Deaths in August 2001

September

Main article: Deaths in September 2001

October

Main article: Deaths in October 2001

November

Main article: Deaths in November 2001

December

Main article: Deaths in December 2001

Nobel Prizes

 

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Nadeem, Reem (September 2, 2021). "Two Decades Later, the Enduring Legacy of 9/11". Pew Research Center - U.S. Politics & Policy. Retrieved November 23, 2022.
  2. ^ a b "The United Nations pays tribute to the victims of the 9/11 terrorist attacks at the 9/11 Memorial in New York". United Nations Office of Counter-Terrorism. September 20, 2021. Retrieved November 23, 2022.
  3. ^ a b c Arthur S Banks; William Overstreet; Thomas Muller (April 15, 2008). Political Handbook of the World 2008. CQ Press. p. 282. ISBN 978-0-87289-528-7.
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February 12, 2023
2001, this, article, about, year, film, space, odyssey, film, other, uses, disambiguation, common, year, starting, monday, gregorian, calendar, year, common, anno, domini, designations, year, millennium, 21st, century, year, 2000s, decade, millennium, millenni. This article is about the year 2001 For the film see 2001 A Space Odyssey film For other uses see 2001 disambiguation 2001 MMI was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar the 2001st year of the Common Era CE and Anno Domini AD designations the 1st year of the 3rd millennium and the 21st century and the 2nd year of the 2000s decade Millennium 3rd millenniumCenturies 20th century 21st century 22nd centuryDecades 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020sYears 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 20042001 by topic ArtsAnimation Anime Architecture Comics Film Horror Science fiction Literature Poetry Music Classical Country Hip hop Jazz Latin Metal Rock UK US Korea Radio Photo Television Video gamesPolitics and governmentElections International leaders Sovereign statesSovereign state leaders Territorial governorsScience and technologyArchaeology Biotechnology Computing Palaeontology Quantum computing and communication Senescence research Space Astronomy Spaceflight Sustainable energy researchEnvironment and environmental sciencesBirding Ornithology Climate change WeatherTransportationAviation Rail transport Transportation technologySportsAmerican football Association football Athletics sport Badminton Baseball Basketball Chess Combat sports Cricket Cycling Golf Ice hockey Rugby union Swimming Tennis VolleyballBy placeAfghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antarctica Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bangladesh The Bahamas Bahrain Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Costa Rica Comoros Congo D R Congo Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic East Timor Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Eswatini Equatorial Guinea Fiji Finland France Gabon The Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Ivory Coast Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kosovo Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Liechtenstein Libya Lithuania Luxembourg Macau Madagascar Marshall Islands Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia Moldova Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nauru Namibia Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria North Korea North Macedonia Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Palestine Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Russia Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Somalia Somaliland South Africa Solomon Islands South Korea South Sudan Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syria Taiwan Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Vatican City Venezuela Vietnam Yemen Zambia ZimbabweOther topicsReligious leadersBirth and death categoriesBirths DeathsEstablishments and disestablishments categoriesEstablishments DisestablishmentsWorks and introductions categoriesWorks IntroductionsWorks entering the public domainvte2001 in various calendarsGregorian calendar2001MMIAb urbe condita2754Armenian calendar1450ԹՎ ՌՆԾAssyrian calendar6751Bahaʼi calendar157 158Balinese saka calendar1922 1923Bengali calendar1408Berber calendar2951British Regnal year49 Eliz 2 50 Eliz 2Buddhist calendar2545Burmese calendar1363Byzantine calendar7509 7510Chinese calendar庚辰年 Metal Dragon 4697 or 4637 to 辛巳年 Metal Snake 4698 or 4638Coptic calendar1717 1718Discordian calendar3167Ethiopian calendar1993 1994Hebrew calendar5761 5762Hindu calendars Vikram Samvat2057 2058 Shaka Samvat1922 1923 Kali Yuga5101 5102Holocene calendar12001Igbo calendar1001 1002Iranian calendar1379 1380Islamic calendar1421 1422Japanese calendarHeisei 13 平成１３年 Javanese calendar1933 1934Juche calendar90Julian calendarGregorian minus 13 daysKorean calendar4334Minguo calendarROC 90民國90年Nanakshahi calendar533Thai solar calendar2544Tibetan calendar阳金龙年 male Iron Dragon 2127 or 1746 or 974 to 阴金蛇年 female Iron Snake 2128 or 1747 or 975Unix time978307200 1009843199Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2001 2001 was dominated by the September 11 attacks against the United States by Al Qaeda which killed 2 977 people and instigated the global war on terror 1 2 The United States led a multi national coalition in an invasion of Afghanistan after the Taliban government did not extradite Al Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden Internal conflicts political or otherwise caused shifts in leadership in multiple countries which included the assassination of Laurent Desire Kabila in the Democratic Republic of the Congo 3 the Second EDSA Revolution in the Philippines 4 the massacre of the royal family by the crown prince in Nepal 5 and civil unrest in Argentina 6 Other notable political events were an escalation in the Israeli Palestinian conflict 7 the storming of the Indonesian parliament 8 the Hainan Island incident between China and the United States 9 an insurgency in Macedonia 10 and a terrorist attack on the Parliament of India that began the 2001 2002 India Pakistan standoff 11 Space milestones in 2001 were numerous the most notable being the first spacecraft landing on an asteroid 12 the deorbit of the Russian station Mir 13 American entrepreneur Dennis Tito becoming the first space tourist 14 the discovery of 28978 Ixion in the Kuiper belt 15 a flyby of Io by the U S Galileo probe 16 and the first discovery of an atmosphere on an exoplanet 17 In addition the year witnessed the first sequence of the human genome 18 the first self contained artificial heart 19 and the first clone of a human embryo 20 Notable deaths in 2001 included world leaders Laurent Desire Kabila Nguyễn Văn Thiệu Giovanni Leone and Leopold Sedar Senghor musicians Joey Ramone Aaliyah and George Harrison film figures Stanley Kramer Anthony Quinn and Jack Lemmon writers Douglas Adams and R K Narayan athletes Don Bradman Didi and Josef Bican and royal figures King Birendra of Nepal and his son Dipendra and queen consort Soraya Esfandiary Bakhtiary of Iran 2001 was designated as International Year of Volunteers by the United Nations 21 Contents 1 Health and society 1 1 Health incidents 2 Conflicts 2 1 Internal conflicts 2 2 International conflicts 2 2 1 September 11 attacks and War in Afghanistan 3 Culture 3 1 Architecture and art 3 2 Media 3 3 Sports 4 Disasters 4 1 Accidents 4 2 Natural disasters 5 Economy 6 Politics 6 1 Domestic 6 2 International 7 Science and technology 8 Events 8 1 January 8 2 February 8 3 March 8 4 April 8 5 May 8 6 June 8 7 July 8 8 August 8 9 September 8 10 October 8 11 November 8 12 December 9 Births 9 1 January April 9 2 May August 9 3 September December 10 Deaths 10 1 January 10 2 February 10 3 March 10 4 April 10 5 May 10 6 June 10 7 July 10 8 August 10 9 September 10 10 October 10 11 November 10 12 December 11 Nobel Prizes 12 See also 13 References 14 Further reading 15 External linksHealth and society EditThe world population on January 1 2001 was estimated to be 6 190 billion people and it increased to 6 272 billion people by January 1 2002 22 The average global life expectancy was 66 8 years an increase of 0 3 years from 2000 22 The rate of child mortality was 7 58 a decrease of 0 26 from 2000 23 28 25 of people were living in extreme poverty a decrease of 0 88 from 2000 24 The number of global refugees in 2001 was approximately 12 million 500 000 were settled over the course of the year but the same number of people were displaced in other locations causing the number of refugees to remain largely unchanged The largest sources of refugees were from Afghanistan and Macedonia The number of internally displaced persons decreased from 21 8 million to 19 8 million in 2001 with the most affected areas being Afghanistan Colombia and Liberia 25 The World Health Organization WHO recognized mental health as its health concern of focus in the 2001 World Health Report 26 The WHO also began a five year program to reduce road injury fatalities following a warning of the problem s severity by the Red Cross the previous year 27 The WHO s Commission on Macroeconomics and Health released a report in 2001 detailing how spending by developed nations could protect health in developing nations but that efforts to do so were impeded by the anti globalization movement 28 2001 was designated as International Year of Volunteers by the United Nations 29 Health incidents Edit An ebola outbreak continued from 2000 in Uganda until the final case was diagnosed on January 16 30 Another outbreak occurred in Gabon and the Republic of the Congo in October which would continue until July 2002 31 An outbreak of foot and mouth disease occurred in the United Kingdom in 2001 beginning on February 19 32 It affected thousands of farm animals and prompted the killing of millions of animals to contain the outbreak 33 The largest ever recorded outbreak of Legionnaires disease occurred in July in Murcia Spain 449 cases were confirmed with more than 800 suspected ones 34 The September 11 attacks caused widespread health effects in the people of New York City relating to air pollution by carcinogens and other harmful particles such as asbestos and metals Approximately 400 000 people were exposed and many would go on to suffer lifelong chronic illness as a result of exposure 35 Conflicts EditInternal conflicts Edit The 2001 insurgency in Macedonia began on January 22 when the National Liberation Army NLA attacked a police station in Tearce about 15 kilometres 9 mi from the border with Kosovo which escalated what had been smaller skirmishes along the border The Battle of Tetovo was the first major offensive of the insurgency launched by the NLA on March 14 36 Tetovo would remain a major area of conflict for the duration of the insurgency 37 Attempts to reach a ceasefire were interrupted in June 38 The Ohrid Agreement was signed on August 13 39 and the deployment of NATO peacekeeping forces to Macedonia was authorized on August 21 10 In Yugoslavia the related insurgency in the Presevo Valley by Albanian rebels escalated on February 5 40 The Konculj Agreement signed in May mandated a ceasefire and resulted in the full demilitarization demobilization and disarmament of the Liberation Army of Presevo Medveđa and Bujanovac UCPMB 41 The Second Congo War continued with the assassination of President Laurent Desire Kabila on January 16 3 The Angolan Civil War moved toward peace talks in 2001 but talks were challenged by attacks on civilians by UNITA 42 including a train bombing on August 10 that killed 252 people 43 The insurgency following the Second Chechen War continued in Chechnya prompting Russia to respond with the Alkhan Kala operation on June 25 44 The War of the Peters continued into 2001 as a conflict between two commanders within the larger Second Sudanese Civil War going on until a ceasefire was negotiated in August 45 The Bandaranaike Airport attack was a deadly attack by the Tamil Tigers that took place as part of the ongoing Eelam War III in Sri Lanka 46 The Provisional Irish Republican Army began disarmament in October following decades of paramilitary attacks during the Troubles 47 Two failed coup attempts took place in 2001 a group of junior officers sought to overthrow President Pierre Buyoya in Burundi while he was out of the country on April 18 48 and Andre Kolingba a former president of the Central African Republic led a military coup against his successor Ange Felix Patasse on May 28 causing several days of violence 49 International conflicts Edit The Second Intifada marked increased conflict between Israel and Palestine in 2001 when terrorists affiliated with Hamas carried out several suicide bombings and other attacks on Israeli citizens 7 50 The Israeli government responded with temporary occupations 7 targeted killings 51 and its first use of airstrikes against Palestine since 1967 52 The Israeli and Palestinian governments agreed to a ceasefire on September 19 53 Border clashes occurred between Bangladesh and India in April 54 The 2001 2002 India Pakistan standoff began on December 13 after an attack on the Parliament of India by Pakistani militants 11 Enforcement of the Iraqi no fly zones led to air strikes against Iraq in February and August by the United States and the United Kingdom 55 September 11 attacks and War in Afghanistan Edit Main articles September 11 attacks and United States invasion of Afghanistan The September 11 attacks were committed against the United States by Al Qaeda when 19 terrorists hijacked four commercial airplanes and crashed two of them into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center one into the Pentagon and one in a field in Stonycreek Township Pennsylvania 2 977 people were killed and the subsequent global war on terror made the attacks one of the events that defined 2001 1 2 56 The United States demanded that the Taliban extradite Al Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden and end state sponsored terrorism in Afghanistan When these demands were not met the United States led a multi national coalition in the invasion of Afghanistan on October 7 entering into the ongoing Afghan Civil War 57 The first major offensive was won by American and Northern Alliance forces during the Fall of Mazar i Sharif on November 10 58 The Northern Alliance took control of the city of Herat during an uprising on November 12 59 and Al Qaeda surrendered the Afghan capital Kabul to the Northern Alliance on November 13 60 The Taliban surrendered in Kandahar on December 6 61 The United States and its allies attacked the Al Qaeda headquarters in Tora Bora in December but Osama bin Laden escaped by the time the cave complex was captured by the forces on December 17 62 An interim government of Afghanistan led by Hamid Karzai was formed on December 22 63 Culture EditArchitecture and art Edit Main articles 2001 in architecture and 2001 in art Museums that opened in 2001 include the Ghibli Museum in Tokyo 64 the Neue Galerie New York 65 the Jewish Museum Berlin 66 and the Leopold Museum in Vienna 67 The Kodak Theatre opened in Hollywood in November 2001 constructed to host the Academy Awards 68 The Leaning Tower of Pisa reopened to the public on December 15 after 12 years of reconstruction 69 Several iconic works of photojournalism were produced during the September 11 attacks including The Falling Man and Raising the Flag at Ground Zero 70 The Sphere was one of many artworks damaged during the attacks It was the only one to be recovered and the sculpture continued to be displayed in its damaged form as a memorial 71 Notable paintings made in 2001 include The Pupils by Michael Borremans in Belgium They Could Still Serve by Ellen Gallagher in the United States and Traditional Chinese Studies Institute by Chen Danqing in China Media Edit Main articles 2001 in film 2001 in music and 2001 in video games The highest grossing films in 2001 were Harry Potter and the Philosopher s Stone The Lord of the Rings The Fellowship of the Ring and Monsters Inc The highest grossing non English film was Studio Ghibli s anime Spirited Away which was the 15th highest grossing film of the year 72 The inaugural entries of the Harry Potter and Lord of the Rings film franchises prompted a shift in both the film and literary communities by propelling fantasy into mainstream culture popularizing young adult novels and reforming the blockbuster to promote film franchises and cater to fandom communities 73 74 In music 3 2 billion units were sold with a value of US 33 7 billion DVD Audio and Super Audio CD first rose to prominence in 2001 with approximately 600 titles available in these formats 75 Portable music grew in popularity after Apple Inc released the iTunes media library on January 9 76 and the first iPod music player device on October 23 77 Worldwide the best selling albums were Hybrid Theory 2000 by Linkin Park No Angel 1999 by Dido and Survivor 2001 by Destiny s Child 78 The best selling non English album was Cieli di Toscana transl Tuscan Skies 2001 by Italian tenor Andrea Bocelli which topped the charts in the Netherlands and Sweden 79 and was the 23rd best selling album globally 78 Three major video game systems were released in 2001 the GameCube and the Game Boy Advance by Nintendo and the Xbox by Microsoft 80 Sega which had been a major competitor in the video game hardware market to this point ended its involvement in the market after the failure of the Dreamcast 81 The year 2001 is remembered for its influence on the video game industry with the release of many games recognized as classics 82 83 Many video games released in 2001 defined or redefined their respective genres including hack and slash game Devil May Cry 84 85 first person shooter game Halo Combat Evolved 86 87 and open world action adventure game Grand Theft Auto III which is regarded as an industry defining work 88 89 Bratz an American fashion doll and media franchise created by former Mattel employee Carter Bryant for MGA Entertainment debuted on May 21 90 Sports Edit Main article 2001 in sports NASCAR driver Dale Earnhardt described as the greatest driver in the sport s history died in a crash during the 2001 Daytona 500 on February 18 91 The World Wrestling Federation agreed to purchase its largest rival World Championship Wrestling on March 23 92 In April golf player Tiger Woods became the only player to achieve a Tiger Slam after winning the 2001 Masters Tournament in which he consecutively won all four championship golf titles outside of a single calendar year 93 The world record for largest victory in an international football match was set by Australia in a 0 22 victory against Tonga on April 9 Australia set this record again with a 31 0 victory against American Samoa on April 11 94 The unbalanced nature of these matches prompted changes to the FIFA qualification process 95 The Thunder in Africa boxing match ended in a major upset after Hasim Rahman defeated champion Lennox Lewis on April 22 Lewis would go on to win a rematch on November 11 96 Disasters EditAccidents Edit Two major crowd crushes took place at sporting events in 2001 43 people were killed during the Ellis Park Stadium disaster on April 11 in Johannesburg South Africa after Ellis Park Stadium was overcrowded 97 and 126 people were killed during the Accra Sports Stadium disaster on May 9 in Accra Ghana during an ongoing sports riot 98 Major structural failures in 2001 included the collapse of the Hintze Ribeiro Bridge in Portugal on March 4 killing approximately 70 people 99 and the collapse of a wedding hall on May 24 in Jerusalem Israel killing 23 people 100 44 people were killed in a building fire the fifth deadliest in post war Japanese history 101 on September 1 in Shinjuku Tokyo Japan 102 31 people were killed when a fertilizer factory exploded on September 21 in Toulouse France The explosion was caused by a chemical spill amid unsafe storage practices 103 At least 291 people were killed in Lima Peru on December 29 after a firework accident caused a fire in a shopping center 104 The deadliest rail accidents in 2001 include a train collision that killed at least 30 people in the Republic of the Congo on January 12 105 a train derailment over a bridge that killed 59 people in Kadalundi on June 22 106 a train collision that killed 31 people in Jakarta on September 2 107 and a train collision that killed 42 people at the Ketanggungan Barat railway station in Indonesia on December 25 108 The deadliest aircraft accidents in 2001 include a Vladivostok Air crash at International Airport Irkutsk Russia which killed 145 people on July 4 109 a collision at Linate Airport in Milan Italy which killed 118 people on October 8 110 and an American Airlines crash in Queens New York City which killed 265 people on November 12 111 Natural disasters Edit One of the landslides caused by the January 2001 earthquake in El Salvador About 585 of the deaths are caused by landslides in Santa Tecla and Comasagua Main articles List of earthquakes in 2001 and Tropical cyclones in 2001 There were four earthquakes in 2001 that caused significant casualties El Salvador was struck by two of them a 7 6 magnitude earthquake on January 13 and a 6 6 magnitude earthquake on February 13 which resulted in the deaths of at least 944 and 315 people respectively 112 113 A 7 7 magnitude earthquake in Gujarat India on January 26 killed between 13 805 and 20 023 people and destroyed nearly 340 000 buildings 114 115 An 8 4 magnitude earthquake then the strongest that had occurred globally since 1965 killed at least 77 people in Peru on June 23 116 A 7 8 magnitude earthquake struck China with an epicenter near Kokoxili close to the border between Qinghai and Xinjiang on November 14 but it occurred in a sparsely populated mountainous region and there were no casualties 117 The 2001 Atlantic hurricane season was slightly more active than normal including 15 tropical storms and hurricanes The deadliest storms were Tropical Storm Allison in June Hurricane Iris in October and Hurricane Michelle in November All three of these storms had their names retired by the World Meteorological Organization Tropical Storm Allison was the deadliest tropical storm to hit the United States without reaching hurricane strength 118 The 2001 Pacific typhoon season was slightly larger than average including 28 tropical storms 20 typhoons and 11 intense typhoons The most powerful storms were Typhoon Podul in October and Typhoon Faxai in December 119 Economy EditFurther information Early 2000s recession See also 2001 world oil market chronology and Economic effects of the September 11 attacks A minor economic decline took place among many developed economies in 2001 The United States saw a recession from March to November after a correction of the dot com bubble an over valued tech industry Further economic disruption occurred in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks 120 European economies also saw stalled growth in 2001 121 with Germany entering a brief recession toward the end of the year 122 Argentina s years long economic crisis reached its peak in December when a bank run prompted the freezing of deposits in turn causing widespread social unrest and the resignation of the President of Argentina 123 Overall 2001 marked a decline in international trade by about 1 5 which was a significant contrast from the 11 increase in 2000 This was the first negative growth in international trade since 1982 IT industries and the dot com crash are attributed for the decline in trade 124 Greece became the 12th country to join the Eurozone on January 1 125 America Online AOL a U S online service provider was at the apex of its popularity and purchased the media conglomerate Time Warner The deal took effect on January 11 in the largest merger in history at that time 126 AOL would rapidly shrink thereafter partly due to the decline of dial up and rise of broadband and the deal would fall apart before the end of the decade which would be regarded as one of the world s greatest business failures 127 128 The Enron scandal took place in October 2001 when Enron Corporation an American energy company based in Houston Texas was found to be committing fraud bringing about the criminal conviction of several executives and causing the company to undergo the largest bankruptcy at that point in U S history 129 The national airlines of Belgium and Switzerland Sabena and Swissair respectively ended operations in 2001 130 131 Politics EditMain article 2001 in politicsFreedom House recognized 63 of national governments as electoral democracies by the end of 2001 with the Gambia and Mauritania being recognized as democracies following peaceful transfers of power Peru also saw a significant expansion of civil rights emerging from the authoritarian rule of Alberto Fujimori Argentina Liberia Trinidad and Tobago and Zimbabwe underwent significant democratic backsliding in 2001 with Liberia and Zimbabwe recognized as authoritarian governments by the end of the year 64 65 of the world s population lived in countries that generally respected human rights while 35 35 lived in countries that denied political rights and civil liberties 132 Islamic terrorism became the predominant global political concern amidst the September 11 attacks and the War on Terror Islamic extremism was identified as a major threat to democracy and human rights both in the Muslim world through the implementation of Islamism and in the rest of the world through terrorism 132 Domestic Edit The taller Buddha of Bamiyan before left and after destruction right The Islamic State of Afghanistan was the de jure government of Afghanistan in 2001 but for several years it had operated as a government in exile while the Taliban led Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan held de facto control over most of the country 133 Despite pleas from the international community to spare them the Taliban proceeded to destroy the Buddhas of Bamiyan starting on March 2 having declared that they are idols 134 The Islamic State of Afghanistan was restored to power following the invasion of Afghanistan with the appointment of president Hamid Karzai on December 22 63 The Second EDSA Revolution took place in the Philippines in January Protests amid a corruption scandal and the resulting impeachment of President Joseph Estrada caused the president to announce his resignation and he was succeeded by Vice President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo on January 20 4 A self immolation incident took place in Tiananmen Square in central Beijing China on January 23 Five members of the Falun Gong a religious movement banned in mainland China are alleged to have set themselves on fire but details surrounding the incident are disputed by Falun Gong sources 135 Thousands of protesters stormed the Indonesian parliament building on January 29 8 The Argentine great depression escalated with rioting on December 19 prompting President Fernando de la Rua to resign two days later 6 136 Two former heads of government were arrested in 2001 President Slobodan Milosevic of Serbia 1997 2000 was arrested on April 2 for his role in the Srebrenica massacre 137 and President Carlos Menem of Argentina 1989 1999 was arrested on June 7 for arms trafficking 138 Ghana underwent its first peaceful transfer of power since 1979 when John Kufuor was sworn in as President of Ghana on January 7 139 The Netherlands became the first modern country to legalize same sex marriage on April 1 140 The royal family of Nepal was killed on June 1 by Crown Prince Dipendra who effectively became king upon his father s death King Dipendra died days later and was succeeded by his uncle Gyanendra 5 The Constitution of the Comoros was amended on December 24 creating a federal government with a rotating presidency and granting increased autonomy to the three island administrations 141 International Edit Further information Constitutive Act of the African Union See also China United States relations and Foreign policy of the George W Bush administration Flag of the African Union adopted at its 14th Ordinary Session of the Assembly of Heads of State and Government in 2010 Two major regional organizations were announced in 2001 The African Union was established on May 26 as a pan African forum to promote unity between African countries including cooperation in economic and security issues It would take effect in 2002 replacing the Organisation of African Unity 142 The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation was announced on June 15 to facilitate political and economic cooperation between Asian countries 143 Three countries joined the World Trade Organization WTO in 2001 Lithuania on May 31 144 Moldova on July 26 145 and China on December 11 146 The WTO began the Doha Development Round in November to negotiate lower trade barriers between countries and integrate developing nations into the global economy 147 The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants was signed on May 22 to limit the production of persistent organic pollutants 148 The World Conference against Racism 2001 began on August 31 in Durban South Africa under the auspices of the United Nations 149 Israel and the United States withdrew from the conference on September 3 over objections to a draft resolution document equating Zionism with racism and singling out the Jewish state for war crimes 150 The Aarhus Convention agreement took effect on October 30 establishing the right to environmental information and environmental justice for European and Central Asian countries 151 The Convention on Cybercrime the first international treaty to address cybercrime was signed on November 23 152 A diplomatic incident occurred between China and the United States when military planes of the two countries collided on April 1 9 Science and technology EditMain articles 2001 in science and 2001 in spaceflight The Human Genome Project released the first draft of its human genome sequence on February 12 18 The first self contained artificial heart was implanted on July 2 19 Several accomplishments were made in the field of cloning in 2001 including the clone of a gaur 153 the clone of a mouflon 154 and the first clone of a human embryo 20 Crew of Soyuz TM 32 L R Dennis Tito Talgat Musabayev and Yuri Baturin There were only 57 successful orbital spaceflights in 2001 the fewest since 1963 Eight of these launches were crewed missions Two failed spaceflights also took place 155 The NEAR Shoemaker made the first successful landing of a spacecraft on an asteroid on February 12 12 The Mir space station was deorbited and destroyed on March 23 13 The 2001 Mars Odyssey orbiter was launched on April 7 and arrived at Mars on October 24 156 American entrepreneur Dennis Tito became the first space tourist on April 28 aboard the Russian Soyuz TM 32 14 28978 Ixion was discovered on May 22 15 The Genesis probe was launched on August 8 to collect solar wind samples 157 Deep Space 1 carried out a flyby of Comet Borrelly on September 22 158 and Galileo carried out a flyby of Io on October 15 16 An atmosphere was discovered on an exoplanet for the first time on November 27 17 Apple Inc released the Mac OS X operating system for Mac computers on March 24 159 3G wireless technology first became available on October 1 when it was adopted by Japanese telecommunications company NTT Docomo 160 Microsoft released the Windows XP operating system to retail on October 25 161 The Segway a self balancing personal transporter invented by Dean Kamen was unveiled on December 3 after months of public speculation and media hype 162 on the ABC News morning program Good Morning America 163 Events EditJanuary Edit January 1 Greece becomes the 12th country to join the Eurozone 125 January 7 Ghana undergoes its first peaceful transfer of power since 1979 when John Kufuor is sworn in as President of Ghana 164 January 9 Apple Inc launches iTunes a software program that acts as a media player media library and the client app for the iTunes Store 76 January 11 The merger of AOL and Time Warner the largest business merger in history at that time takes effect 126 January 12 2001 Nvoungouti train collision A train collision in the Republic of the Congo kills at least 30 people 165 January 13 A 7 6 magnitude earthquake hits El Salvador killing at least 944 people and causing massive landslides which leaves thousands of those affected homeless 112 113 January 15 Wikipedia is launched 166 January 16 Assassination of Laurent Desire Kabila The President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo is shot in his office during the Second Congo War and rushed to Harare in Zimbabwe for medical treatment his death will be announced two days later 3 His son Joseph Kabila will be sworn in as his replacement the following week 167 The final documented case of the 2000 2001 Uganda ebola outbreak is diagnosed 168 January 20 George W Bush a former governor of Texas is sworn in as the 43rd president of the United States 169 Impeachment proceedings against Philippine President Joseph Estrada end prematurely as he is peacefully overthrown in the Second EDSA Revolution Vice President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo succeeds him as president 4 January 21 Taba Summit Talks between Israel and the Palestinian National Authority begin in Egypt 170 Map of the 2001 insurgency in Macedonia part of the Yugoslav Wars January 22 The 2001 insurgency in Macedonia begins when a police station is shelled by the National Liberation Army in Tearce near the border with Kosovo 36 January 23 A self immolation incident takes place in Tiananmen Square in central Beijing China Five members of the Falun Gong are alleged to have set themselves on fire but details surrounding the incident are disputed by Falun Gong sources 171 January 26 A 7 7 Mw Gujarat earthquake shakes Western India with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X Extreme leaving thousands of people dead and more than 166 000 others injured 172 January 29 Corruption scandals surrounding Indonesian President Abdurrahman Wahid prompt thousands of protesters to storm the Indonesian parliament building 8 February Edit February 6 2001 Israeli prime ministerial election Ariel Sharon of the Likud party is elected Prime Minister of Israel 173 February 9 Ehime Maru and USS Greeneville collision The submarine USS Greeneville accidentally strikes and sinks the Japanese training vessel Ehime Maru near Hawaii resulting in nine deaths including several students and teachers 174 2001 Kot Charwal massacre Militants kill 15 people in their homes in Rajouri Jammu and Kashmir 175 433 Eros as seen from the NEAR spacecraft February 12 The NEAR Shoemaker spacecraft touches down in the saddle region of 433 Eros a near Earth object becoming the first spacecraft to land on an asteroid 12 The Human Genome Project publishes the first draft of its human genome sequence 18 February 13 A 6 6 magnitude earthquake hits El Salvador killing at least 315 people 113 February 16 Iraq disarmament crisis British and U S forces carry out bombing raids to disable Iraq s air defense network 176 February 19 The 2001 United Kingdom foot and mouth outbreak begins 32 February 22 The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia ICTY sentences three Bosnian Serb soldiers to prison for wartime sexual violence recognizing it as a war crime for the first time 177 February 25 Sampit conflict Mass ethnic violence begins in Sampit Indonesia killing hundreds of people 178 March Edit March 2 Despite pleas from the international community to spare them the Taliban government of Afghanistan begins destroying the Buddhas of Bamiyan having declared that they are idols 179 134 March 4 The Hintze Ribeiro Bridge collapses in northern Portugal killing 59 people 180 March 14 Battle of Tetovo Violence erupts between Albanian rebels and Macedonian soldiers in Tetovo 181 Conflict in Tetovo will continue for months during the 2001 insurgency in Macedonia 37 March 16 Shijiazhuang bombings 108 people are killed in a series of bombings in Shijiazhuang China 182 March 22 Kenyanthropus is described as an early hominid after the discovery of remains in Kenya 183 March 23 The deorbit of Russian space station Mir is processed with debris falling into the South Pacific Ocean after the station enters the atmosphere and is destroyed 13 March 24 Apple Inc released the Mac OS X operating system for Mac computers 184 March 28 The United States declares its intention to end involvement in the Kyoto Protocol 185 April Edit Two men marrying in Amsterdam on April 1 the first day in which the possibility to marry was opened to same sex couples April 1 The Act on the Opening up of Marriage goes into effect in the Netherlands which becomes the first modern country to legalize same sex marriage 140 Hainan Island incident A Chinese fighter jet collides with a U S EP 3E surveillance aircraft which is forced to make an emergency landing in Hainan China The U S crew is detained for 10 days and the F 8 Chinese pilot Wang Wei goes missing and is presumed dead 9 April 2 Former President of Serbia and Montenegro Slobodan Milosevic surrenders to police special forces to be tried on charges of crimes against humanity 137 April 7 The NASA orbiter 2001 Mars Odyssey launches on a Delta II rocket 156 April 11 Ellis Park Stadium disaster 43 people are killed when Ellis Park Stadium is overcrowded 186 April 17 Nong Đức Mạnh is chosen as General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam 187 Israel occupies an area in the Gaza Strip killing two people Israeli forces withdraw the same day after the United States denounces the attack 7 2001 Burundian coup d etat attempt A group of junior officers make a failed attempt to overthrow President Pierre Buyoya of Burundi 188 Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi and U S President George W Bush meet at the White House in September 2001 April 26 Junichiro Koizumi becomes the 86th Prime Minister of Japan 189 The Parliament of Ukraine votes to dismiss Prime Minister Viktor Yushchenko 190 April 28 The Russian spacecraft Soyuz TM 32 lifts off from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan carrying the first space tourist American entrepreneur Dennis Tito and two Russian cosmonauts 14 Vejce ambush Eight Macedonian soldiers are killed in an ambush by the NLA near Vejce a village in the Sar Mountains Macedonia It represents the heaviest death toll for the government forces in a single incident during the insurgency 191 May Edit May 7 In Banja Luka Bosnia and Herzegovina an attempt is made to reconstruct the historic 16th century Ferhadija Mosque Serbian nationalists respond with riots and mass violence against Bosnian Muslims 192 May 9 Accra Sports Stadium disaster 126 people are killed in a crowd crush in Accra during a sports riot 98 May 13 The House of Freedoms coalition led by Silvio Berlusconi wins the Italian general election 193 May 18 2001 HaSharon Mall suicide bombing A Hamas suicide bomber kills six people in Netanya Israel The Israeli government responds with the first use of airstrikes against Palestine since 1967 52 May 21 The Konculj Agreement results in the disarmament of the Liberation Army of Presevo Medveđa and Bujanovac ending the Insurgency in the Presevo Valley 194 May 22 28978 Ixion a large trans Neptunian object and a possible dwarf planet is discovered during the Deep Ecliptic Survey 15 The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants is adopted by 127 countries to limit pollution internationally 148 May 24 Sherpa Temba Tsheri 15 becomes the youngest person to reach the summit of Mount Everest 195 The Versailles Wedding Hall collapses in Jerusalem Israel killing 23 people and injuring 380 others 196 May 26 The African Union is formed to replace the Organisation of African Unity It will begin operation the following year 142 May 28 2001 Central African Republic coup d etat attempt Central African forces led by Andre Kolingba carry out a failed attempt to overthrow the government of the Central African Republic Dozens are killed in the ensuing violence 49 May 31 Lithuania joins the World Trade Organization 144 Research into Crohn s disease confirms that it is identified with mutation of the NOD2 gene 197 June Edit June 1 Crown Prince Dipendra of Nepal kills his father the king his mother and other members of the royal family with an assault rifle and then shoots himself in the Nepalese royal massacre Dipendra is recognized as King of Nepal while in a coma 5 Dolphinarium discotheque massacre A Hamas suicide bomber kills 21 people mostly teenagers in the Dolphinarium disco in Tel Aviv Israel 198 June 4 Gyanendra ascends the throne of Nepal on the death of his nephew Dipendra 5 Buffalo Bayou and White Oak Bayou at Main Street after Tropical Storm Allison hit Houston Texas U S June 5 Tropical Storm Allison hits the U S state of Texas severely flooding Houston and killing 23 people 199 June 7 2001 United Kingdom general election Tony Blair and the Labour Party win a second landslide victory 200 Former Argentinian president Carlos Menem is arrested on suspicion of illegal arms sales 138 June 12 Aracinovo crisis Albanian rebels violate a 24 hour cease fire with Macedonian soldiers 38 June 15 Declaration to establish the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation is signed 143 June 19 Syria withdraws thousands of forces from a decades long military presence in Beirut Lebanon 201 Germany enacts a program to compensate Holocaust survivors that were subject to slave labor 202 A missile hits a soccer field in northern Iraq killing 23 people and wounding 11 more According to U S officials it is an Iraqi missile that malfunctioned 203 June 21 The world s longest train is run by BHP Iron Ore between Newman and Port Hedland in Western Australia a distance of 275 km or 171 mi the train consists of 682 loaded iron ore wagons and 8 GE AC6000CW locomotives giving a gross weight of almost 100 000 tonnes and moves 82 262 tonnes of ore the train is 7 353 km 4 569 mi long 204 June 22 Kadalundi train derailment A train derailment in Kadalundi India kills at least 59 people 205 June 23 An 8 4 Mw southern Peru earthquake shakes coastal Peru with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII Severe A destructive tsunami follows leaving at least 77 people dead and 2 687 others injured 116 206 June 25 Alkhan Kala operation Russian forces carry out a zachistka operation in Alkhan Kala Grozny Chechnya during the Second Chechen War Chechen warlord Arbi Barayev is killed 44 July Edit July The largest ever recorded outbreak of Legionnaires disease occurs in Murcia Spain 449 cases are confirmed with more than 800 suspected ones 207 July 2 The world s first self contained artificial heart is implanted in Robert Tools in the United States 19 July 4 Vladivostok Air Flight 352 crashes on approach while landing at Irkutsk Airport Russia killing all 145 people aboard 208 July 7 2001 Bradford riots Ethnic violence is provoked in Bradford England by the far right National Front and far left Anti Nazi League 209 July 13 The International Olympic Committee chooses Beijing to host the 2008 Summer Olympics 210 July 14 Agra Summit India and Pakistan begin talks to improve relations The summit ends inconclusively on July 16 211 July 16 China and Russia sign the 2001 Sino Russian Treaty of Friendship 212 Photo session of the G8 leaders in Genoa 2001 L R Junichiro Koizumi Tony Blair George W Bush Jacques Chirac Silvio Berlusconi Vladimir Putin Jean Chretien Gerhard Schroeder Guy Verhofstadt and Romano Prodi July 20 22 The 27th G8 summit takes place in Genoa Italy Massive demonstrations drawing an estimated 200 000 people are held against the meeting by members of the anti globalization movement One demonstrator Carlo Giuliani is killed by a policeman and several others are injured 213 July 23 Megawati Sukarnoputri is inaugurated as the first female president of Indonesia 214 July 24 Bandaranaike Airport attack The Tamil Tigers bomb the Bandaranaike International Airport in Sri Lanka during the Sri Lankan Civil War 46 Simeon Saxe Coburg Gotha deposed as the last Tsar of Bulgaria when a child is sworn in as the democratically elected 48th Prime Minister of Bulgaria 215 July 26 Moldova joins the World Trade Organization 216 July 28 Alejandro Toledo becomes the President of Peru 217 August Edit August A ceasefire is negotiated to end the War of the Peters 218 August 2 The ICTY convicts Bosnian Serb General Radislav Krstic on the charge of genocide for his role in the Srebrenica massacre 219 August 3 2001 Kishtwar massacre 17 Hindus in Kishtwar Jammu and Kashmir are killed by Lashkar e Taiba militants 220 August 6 Erwadi fire incident 28 mentally ill persons bound by chains are burnt to death at a faith based institution at Erwadi Tamil Nadu India 221 A Genesis collector array in the clean lab at Johnson Space Center The hexagons consist of a variety of ultra pure semiconductor grade wafers including silicon corundum gold on sapphire diamond like carbon films 222 and other materials 223 August 8 The Genesis probe is launched from Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 17 157 Albanian rebels ambush a convoy of the Army of the Republic of Macedonia near Tetovo North Macedonia killing 10 soldiers 224 August 9 A Sbarro restaurant in Jerusalem is bombed by a Palestinian Hamas terrorist killing 15 civilians and injuring 130 others 225 August 10 2001 Angola train attack 252 people are killed by UNITA in an attack on a train during the Angolan Civil War 43 The United States and the United Kingdom bomb air force installations in Iraq in response to attacks on American and British planes 55 August 13 Macedonian and Albanian representatives sign the Ohrid Agreement to reduce conflicts during the insurgency 39 August 21 Operation Essential Harvest NATO sends a military forces to the Republic of Macedonia in response to the ongoing insurgency 10 August 28 A targeted Israeli strike kills PFLP leader Abu Ali Mustafa Palestinian militants respond by firing on Israeli civilians Israeli forces occupy Beit Jala Palestine to combat the militants 51 August 31 The World Conference against Racism 2001 begins in Durban South Africa 226 Israel and the United States withdraw three days later alleging antisemitism in the conference 227 September Edit September 1 Myojo 56 building fire 44 people are killed in a building fire in Shinjuku Tokyo Japan 228 September 2 2001 Jakarta train collision A trail collision in Jakarta Indonesia kills 31 people 229 September 7 2001 Jos riots Clashes between Christian and Muslim rioters begin in Jos Nigeria The conflict will continue until September 17 during which time hundreds of people will be killed 230 September 9 A suicide bomber kills Ahmad Shah Massoud military commander of the Afghan Northern Alliance 231 68 people die of methanol poisoning in Parnu County Estonia 232 The World Trade Center and the Statue of Liberty just after the September 11 attacks in New York City September 11 Approximately 2 977 victims are killed or fatally injured in the September 11 attacks after American Airlines Flight 11 and United Airlines Flight 175 are hijacked and crash into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center American Airlines Flight 77 is hijacked and crashes into the Pentagon and United Airlines Flight 93 is hijacked and crashes into grassland in Shanksville Pennsylvania as a result of passengers fighting to regain control of the airplane The Twin Towers collapse as a result of the crashes 233 September 18 The 2001 anthrax attacks begin in the United States which cause five fatalities and 17 other infections 234 September 19 Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat forbids Palestinian soldiers from firing on Israeli forces even in self defence Israel agrees to a ceasefire 53 September 20 In an address to a joint session of Congress U S President George W Bush declares a war on terror officially the Global War on Terrorism GWOT 235 September 21 Toulouse chemical factory explosion A fertilizer factory explodes in Toulouse France killing 31 people 236 September 22 American spacecraft Deep Space 1 flies within 2 200 kilometres 1 400 mi of Comet Borrelly 158 September 27 Zug massacre In Zug Switzerland Friedrich Leibacher shoots 18 people killing 14 of them and then himself 237 October Edit October 1 Jaish e Mohammed militants attack the state legislature building in Srinagar Kashmir killing 38 people 238 3G wireless technology first becomes available when it is adopted by Japanese telecommunications company NTT Docomo 239 Swissair Airbus A321 100 2001 October 2 Swissair the national airline of Switzerland seeks bankruptcy protection and grounds its entire fleet stranding thousands of people worldwide 131 October 4 Siberia Airlines Flight 1812 is accidentally shot down by the Ukrainian Air Force over the Black Sea en route from Tel Aviv Israel to Novosibirsk Russia all 78 people on board are killed 240 2001 Kodori crisis Fighting escalates between Georgia and the breakaway state Abkhazia 241 October 7 United States invasion of Afghanistan In response to the September 11 attacks Afghanistan is invaded by a US led coalition beginning the War in Afghanistan 57 October 8 Linate Airport disaster A twin engine Cessna and Scandinavian Airlines jetliner collide in heavy fog during takeoff from Milan Italy killing 118 people 242 Hurricane Iris hits Belize causing 250 million 2001 USD in damage 243 October 13 American scientists create the first successful clone of a human embryo 20 October 15 NASA s Galileo spacecraft passes within 181 kilometres 112 mi of Jupiter s moon Io 16 October 16 American planes misidentify and bomb a Red Cross facility in Afghanistan A similar error occurs again on October 27 244 October 17 Assassination of Rehavam Ze evi Israeli tourism minister Rehavam Ze evi is assassinated by the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine 245 October 19 An Indonesian fishing boat the SIEV X sinks on route to Christmas Island 353 people are killed most of whom are asylum seekers 246 First generation iPod October 23 Apple Inc introduces the iPod a portable media player and multi purpose mobile device 77 The company will sell an estimated 450 million iPod products by May 2022 247 The Provisional Irish Republican Army begins disarmament ending a decades long conflict in Northern Ireland 248 October 24 The 2001 Mars Odyssey arrives at Mars 156 October 25 Citing connotations with the Rwandan genocide the government of Rwanda adopts a new national flag for the country 249 Microsoft releases the Windows XP operating system to retail 250 October 30 The Aarhus Convention takes effect establishing the right to environmental information and environmental justice for European and Central Asian countries 251 November Edit November The World Trade Organization begins the Doha Development Round to negotiate lower trade barriers between countries and integrate developing nations into the global economy 252 November 4 Hurricane Michelle hits Cuba where the storm is the strongest tropical cyclone to make landfall on the island in more than 49 years It is the costliest hurricane in Cuban history to this point with an estimated 2 billion in damage 253 November 7 Sabena the national airline of Belgium goes bankrupt 130 November 10 2001 Australian federal election The Coalition government led by John Howard is re elected with a slightly increased majority defeating the Labor Party led by Kim Beazley 254 Fall of Mazar i Sharif American and Northern Alliance forces take Mazar i Sharif in the first major offensive of the War in Afghanistan 58 November 11 Two French journalists Pierre Billaud and Johanne Sutton and a German colleague Volker Handloik are killed in Afghanistan during an attack on their convoy 255 November 12 American Airlines Flight 587 crashes in Queens New York City minutes after takeoff from John F Kennedy International Airport killing all 260 people on board 256 2001 uprising in Herat Northern Alliance forces take the city of Herat from the Taliban 59 November 14 Fall of Kabul Northern Alliance forces take the Afghan capital Kabul 60 A 7 8 magnitude earthquake strikes China with an epicenter near Kokoxili but it occurs in a sparsely populated mountainous region and there are no casualties 117 November 15 Microsoft enters the gaming console market with the release of the Xbox a sixth generation gaming console in the United States 257 November 18 The Leonids meteor shower occurs in its heaviest concentration in decades as Earth passes through a debris cloud 258 November 23 The Convention on Cybercrime the first international treaty to address cybercrime is signed in Budapest Hungary 152 Size comparison of HD 209458 b with Jupiter left November 27 A hydrogen atmosphere is discovered on the extrasolar planet HD 209458 b nicknamed Osiris by the Hubble Space Telescope It is the first atmosphere detected on an extrasolar planet 17 December Edit December Dasht i Leili massacre Hundreds of Taliban prisoners are killed by the forces of Abdul Rashid Dostum 259 December 1 The International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty produces a report on responsibility to protect 260 A series of bombings in Zion Square are carried out by Hamas Ten people are killed and hundreds more are injured 261 December 2 Enron files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection five days after Dynegy cancels a US 8 4 billion buyout bid to this point the largest bankruptcy in U S history 262 Haifa bus 16 suicide bombing A Hamas militant carries out a suicide bombing in Haifa Israel killing 15 people 263 December 3 The Segway a self balancing personal transporter invented by Dean Kamen is unveiled after months of public speculation and media hype 162 on the ABC News morning program Good Morning America 264 December 5 2001 Sayyd Alma Kalay airstrike An American airstrike mistakenly targets a friendly position killing 11 people in a friendly fire incident 265 December 6 Fall of Kandahar The Taliban surrenders in Kandahar its final stronghold 61 December 8 An ebola outbreak is confirmed in Gabon 266 December 11 China joins the World Trade Organization December 13 2001 Indian Parliament attack Nine people and five terrorists are killed in a terrorist attack in New Delhi leading to the 2001 2002 India Pakistan standoff 11 U S President George W Bush announces the American withdrawal from the 1972 Anti Ballistic Missile Treaty 267 Sirajuddin of Perlis becomes the Yang di Pertuan Agong the constitutional monarch and head of state of Malaysia 268 December 15 The Leaning Tower of Pisa is reopened to the public after 12 years of reconstruction 269 December 17 Battle of Tora Bora American forces take Tora Bora a cave complex and the headquarters of Al Qaeda in Afghanistan Al Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden escapes during the battle and goes into hiding 62 December 19 A record high barometric pressure of 1085 6 hPa 32 06 inHg is recorded at Tosontsengel Zavkhan Mongolia 270 December 21 President Fernando de la Rua of Argentina resigns in response to the riots against Argentina s economic crisis 6 A ZPU 2 anti aircraft gun that was mounted on the North Korean vessel sunk in the Battle of Amami Ōshima December 22 Battle of Amami Ōshima A Japan Coast Guard ship and an armed North Korean vessel engage in conflict near the Japanese island of Amami Ōshima in the East China Sea The encounter ends in the sinking of the North Korean vessel that is later determined to have been a spy craft by the Japanese authorities 271 272 Burhanuddin Rabbani political leader of the Northern Alliance hands over power in Afghanistan to the interim government headed by President Hamid Karzai 63 December 24 The Constitution of the Comoros is amended creating a federal government with a rotating presidency and granting increased autonomy to the three island administrations 273 December 25 Ketanggungan Barat railway collision A trail collision at Ketanggungan Barat railway station kills 42 people in Indonesia 274 December 27 China is granted permanent normal trade status with the United States 275 Tropical Storm Vamei forms within 1 5 degrees of the equator No other tropical cyclone in recorded history has come as close to the equator 276 December 29 Mesa Redonda fire A fire occurs in a shopping center in Lima Peru following a fireworks accident killing at least 291 people 277 Births EditJanuary April Edit Rodrygo January 1 Angourie Rice Australian actress 278 January 3 Deni Avdija Israeli basketball player 279 January 5 Mykhailo Mudryk Ukrainian footballer 280 January 9 Eric Garcia Spanish footballer 281 Rodrygo Brazilian footballer 282 January 15 Alexandra Agiurgiuculese Romanian Italian rhythmic gymnast 283 Charline Schwarz German archer 284 January 17 Enzo Fernandez Argentine footballer 285 January 25 Michela Pace Maltese singer 286 February 12 Khvicha Kvaratskhelia Georgian footballer 287 February 13 Kaapo Kakko Finnish ice hockey player 288 February 23 Rinky Hijikata Australian tennis player 289 February 19 David Mazouz American actor 290 February 24 Ramona Marquez British actress 291 An San South Korean archer 292 March 4 Freya Anderson English freestyle swimmer 293 March 21 Varvara Subbotina Russian synchronised swimmer 294 April 6 Oscar Piastri Australian racing driver 295 April 20 Noa Kirel Israeli singer 296 April 26 Thiago Almada Argentine footballer 297 May August Edit Iga Swiatek May 8 Jordyn Huitema Canadian soccer player 298 May 29 Maryna Aleksiyiva Ukrainian synchronised swimmer 299 May 31 Iga Swiatek Polish tennis player 300 June 4 Jacob Krop Kenyan middle distance runner 301 Takefusa Kubo Japanese footballer 302 June 12 Theo Maledon French basketball player 303 July 10 Isabela Moner American actress and singer 304 August 12 Dixie D Amelio American social media personality 305 August 16 Jannik Sinner Italian tennis player 306 August 22 LaMelo Ball American basketball player 307 September December Edit Billie Eilish September 3 Kaia Gerber American model and actress 308 September 5 Bukayo Saka English footballer 309 September 6 Freya Allan English actress 310 September 14 Elena Mikhaylichenko Russian handball player 311 September 25 Cade Cunningham American basketball player 312 October 1 Mason Greenwood English footballer 313 October 7 Princess Senate Seeiso princess of Lesotho 314 October 13 Caleb McLaughlin American actor 315 316 October 14 Rowan Blanchard American actress 317 October 25 Princess Elisabeth Duchess of Brabant daughter and Heiress Apparent of Philippe King of the Belgians 318 November 8 Avani Lekhara Indian Paralympian and rifle shooter 319 December 1 Aiko Princess Toshi of Japan 320 December 1 Oscar Chelimo Ugandan long distance runner 321 December 18 Billie Eilish American singer 322 December 28 Maitreyi Ramakrishnan Canadian actress 323 Deaths EditFurther information Category 2001 deaths DeathsJanuary February March April May June July August September October November December January Edit Main article Deaths in January 2001 Laurent Desire Kabila January 1 Ray Walston American actor b 1914 324 January 2 William P Rogers American politician and diplomat b 1913 325 January 7 Charles Helou 9th president of Lebanon b 1913 326 January 9 Paul Vanden Boeynants 2 time prime minister of Belgium b 1919 327 January 12 Adhemar da Silva Brazilian athlete b 1927 328 Bill Hewlett American businessman b 1913 329 January 18 Laurent Desire Kabila president of the Democratic Republic of the Congo b 1939 see assassination of Laurent Desire Kabila 330 January 27 Marie Jose of Belgium last Queen of Italy b 1906 331 January 31 Gordon R Dickson Canadian writer b 1923 332 February Edit Main article Deaths in February 2001 Stanley Kramer Sir Donald Bradman February 4 J J Johnson American jazz trombonist b 1924 333 Iannis Xenakis Greek composer b 1922 334 February 6 Trần Văn Lắm South Vietnamese diplomat and politician b 1913 335 February 7 Dale Evans American actress singer and songwriter b 1912 336 February 9 Herbert A Simon American economist Nobel Prize laureate b 1916 337 February 10 Lewis Arquette American film actor writer and producer b 1935 338 February 13 Ugo Fano Italian born American physicist b 1912 339 February 18 Balthus French painter b 1908 340 Dale Earnhardt American auto racing driver b 1951 see Death of Dale Earnhardt 91 February 19 Stanley Kramer American film director b 1913 341 Charles Trenet French singer and songwriter b 1913 342 February 20 Rosemary DeCamp American actress b 1910 343 February 24 Claude Shannon American mathematician b 1916 344 February 25 Sir Don Bradman Australian cricketer b 1908 345 March Edit Main article Deaths in March 2001 Ann Sothern March 10 Michael Woodruff British surgeon and organ transplantation pioneer b 1911 346 March 12 Robert Ludlum American author b 1927 347 March 15 Ann Sothern American actress and singer b 1909 348 March 18 John Phillips American singer songwriter b 1935 349 March 20 Ilie Verdeț 51st prime minister of Romania b 1925 350 March 22 William Hanna American animator and businessman b 1910 351 March 29 John Lewis American jazz pianist and composer b 1920 352 March 31 Clifford Shull American physicist Nobel Prize laureate b 1915 353 April Edit Main article Deaths in April 2001 Joey Ramone April 2 Jennifer Syme American actress b 1972 354 April 7 David Graf American actor b 1950 355 Beatrice Straight American actress b 1914 356 April 11 Sir Harry Secombe Welsh entertainer b 1921 357 April 14 Hiroshi Teshigahara Japanese director b 1927 358 April 15 Joey Ramone American musician and singer b 1951 359 April 20 Va ai Kolone Prime Minister of Samoa b 1911 360 Giuseppe Sinopoli Italian conductor and composer b 1946 361 April 25 Michele Alboreto Italian racing driver b 1956 362 April 29 Barend Biesheuvel Prime Minister of the Netherlands 1971 1973 b 1920 363 May Edit Main article Deaths in May 2001 Douglas Adams May 11 Douglas Adams English author b 1952 364 May 12 Perry Como American singer b 1912 365 Didi Brazilian footballer b 1928 366 May 13 Jason Miller American actor and playwright b 1939 367 R K Narayan Indian novelist b 1906 368 May 17 Jacques Louis Lions French mathematician b 1928 369 May 22 Jeno Fock 49th prime minister of Hungary b 1916 370 May 24 Javier Urruticoechea Spanish footballer b 1952 371 May 26 Anne Haney American actress b 1934 372 May 31 Arlene Francis American actress and game show panelist b 1907 373 June Edit Main article Deaths in June 2001 King Birendra of Nepal Anthony Quinn Tove Jansson Jack Lemmon June 1 Nkosi Johnson South African AIDS awareness campaigner b 1989 374 Nepalese royal massacre Queen Aishwarya of Nepal b 1949 5 King Birendra of Nepal b 1944 5 Prince Nirajan of Nepal b 1978 5 Princess Shruti of Nepal b 1976 5 June 2 Imogene Coca American actress b 1908 375 June 3 Anthony Quinn Mexican American actor b 1915 376 June 4 King Dipendra of Nepal b 1971 377 June 7 Victor Paz Estenssoro 45th President of Bolivia b 1907 378 June 10 Leila Pahlavi Iranian princess b 1970 379 June 11 Timothy McVeigh American terrorist b 1968 380 Amalia Mendoza Mexican singer and actress b 1923 381 June 15 Henri Alekan French cinematographer b 1909 382 June 17 Donald J Cram American chemist Nobel Prize laureate b 1919 383 June 21 John Lee Hooker American musician b 1917 384 Soad Hosny Egyptian actress b 1942 385 Carroll O Connor American actor b 1924 386 June 22 Luis Carniglia Argentine footballer and manager b 1917 387 June 23 Corinne Calvet French actress b 1925 388 June 27 Tove Jansson Finnish author and illustrator b 1914 389 Jack Lemmon American actor and director b 1925 390 Joan Sims English actress b 1930 391 June 28 Mortimer J Adler American philosopher b 1902 392 June 29 Maximos V Hakim Egyptian patriarch b 1908 393 June 30 Chet Atkins American guitarist and record producer b 1924 394 Joe Fagan English footballer and manager b 1921 395 Joe Henderson American jazz tenor saxophonist b 1937 396 July Edit Main article Deaths in July 2001 Josef Klaus July 1 Nikolay Basov Soviet physicist Nobel Prize laureate b 1922 397 July 10 Alvaro Magana 38th President of El Salvador b 1925 398 July 11 Herman Brood Dutch musician b 1946 399 July 17 Katharine Graham American publisher b 1917 400 July 21 Sivaji Ganesan Indian actor b 1928 401 July 22 Maria Gorokhovskaya Soviet gymnast b 1921 402 July 25 Josef Klaus 16th Chancellor of Austria b 1910 403 July 28 Ahmed Sofa Bengali writer b 1943 404 July 29 Edward Gierek Polish politician b 1913 405 July 31 Poul Anderson American author b 1926 406 Francisco da Costa Gomes 15th President of Portugal b 1914 407 August Edit Main article Deaths in August 2001 Jane Greer Aaliyah August 4 Lorenzo Music American actor writer producer and musician b 1937 408 August 6 Larry Adler American musician b 1914 409 Jorge Amado Brazilian writer b 1912 410 Dương Văn Minh 4th and final President of the Republic of Vietnam South Vietnam b 1916 411 Wilhelm Mohnke German general b 1911 412 August 15 Richard Chelimo Kenyan athlete b 1972 413 August 19 Donald Woods South African journalist and anti apartheid activist b 1933 414 August 20 Fred Hoyle British astronomer and writer b 1915 415 Kim Stanley American actress b 1925 416 August 23 Kathleen Freeman American actress b 1919 417 August 24 Jane Greer American actress b 1924 418 August 25 Aaliyah American singer and actress b 1979 see 2001 Marsh Harbour Cessna 402 crash 419 August 26 Marita Petersen 8th prime minister of Faroe Islands b 1940 420 August 27 Abu Ali Mustafa Palestinian militant leader b 1938 51 August 30 A F M Ahsanuddin Chowdhury 9th president of Bangladesh b 1915 421 September Edit Main article Deaths in September 2001 Christiaan Barnard September 2 Christiaan Barnard South African cardiac surgeon b 1922 422 Troy Donahue American actor b 1936 423 September 3 Pauline Kael American film critic b 1919 424 Thuy Trang Vietnamese American actress b 1973 425 September 9 Ahmad Shah Massoud Afghan military commander b 1953 426 September 11 2 996 people 2 977 victims and 19 hijackers who died in the September 11 attacks see Casualties of the September 11 attacks 56 September 12 Victor Wong Chinese American actor b 1927 427 September 13 Jaroslav Drobny Czechoslovakian Egyptian British tennis player b 1921 428 September 14 Dorothy McGuire American actress b 1916 429 September 20 Marcos Perez Jimenez 51st President of Venezuela b 1914 430 September 22 Isaac Stern Ukrainian violinist b 1920 431 September 29 Gloria Foster American actress b 1933 432 Nguyễn Văn Thiệu 2nd President of the Republic of Vietnam South Vietnam b 1923 433 October Edit Main article Deaths in October 2001 Chang Hsueh liang October 8 Javed Iqbal Pakistani serial killer b 1956 434 October 9 Herbert Ross American actor choreographer director and producer b 1927 435 October 15 Chang Hsueh liang Chinese military figure b 1901 436 October 17 Micheline Ostermeyer French athlete b 1922 437 Rehavam Ze evi Israeli general and politician b 1926 see assassination of Rehavam Ze evi 438 October 21 Bertie Mee English football player and coach b 1918 439 October 22 Georgy Vitsin Soviet and Russian actor b 1917 440 October 24 Jaromil Jires Czechoslovak filmmaker b 1935 441 October 25 Soraya Esfandiary Bakhtiary Queen consort of Iran b 1932 442 November Edit Main article Deaths in November 2001 George Harrison November Mohammed Atef Al Qaeda leader b 1944 443 Ravindra Kaushik Indian spy b 1952 444 November 1 Juan Bosch President of the Dominican Republic b 1909 445 November 3 Sir Ernst Gombrich Austrian born art historian b 1909 446 November 5 Gholam Reza Azhari 73rd prime minister of Iran b 1912 447 November 6 Anthony Shaffer English novelist and playwright b 1926 448 November 9 Giovanni Leone 37th Prime Minister of Italy and 6th President of Italy b 1908 449 November 10 Ken Kesey American author b 1935 450 November 12 Satguru Sivaya Subramuniyaswami American born Hindu guru b 1927 451 November 14 Juan Carlos Lorenzo Argentine footballer and coach b 1922 452 November 24 Sophie Princess of Greece and Denmark b 1914 453 Melanie Thornton American singer b 1967 see Crossair Flight 3597 454 November 29 George Harrison English musician b 1943 455 December Edit Main article Deaths in December 2001 Leopold Sedar Senghor December Kira Ivanova Soviet Russian figure skater b 1963 456 December 5 Sir Peter Blake New Zealand yachtsman b 1948 457 December 8 Betty Holberton American computer scientist b 1917 458 December 10 Ashok Kumar Indian actor b 1911 459 December 12 Josef Bican Czech Austrian footballer b 1913 460 December 13 Rufus Thomas American singer b 1917 461 December 18 Gilbert Becaud French singer songwriter b 1927 462 December 20 Leopold Sedar Senghor first president of Senegal b 1906 463 December 23 Jelle Zijlstra Dutch politician and economist Prime Minister of the Netherlands b 1918 464 December 26 Sir Nigel Hawthorne British actor b 1929 465 December 31 John Grigg British writer b 1924 466 Eileen Heckart American actress b 1919 467 Harshad Mehta Indian stockbroker b 1954 468 Nobel Prizes Edit Physics Eric Allin Cornell Wolfgang Ketterle and Carl Wieman Chemistry William Standish Knowles Ryōji Noyori and Karl Barry Sharpless Medicine Leland H Hartwell Tim Hunt and Paul Nurse Literature V S Naipaul Peace United Nations Kofi Annan Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel George Akerlof Michael Spence and Joseph StiglitzSee also EditDot com bubble Early 2000s recession List of earthquakes in 2001 Tropical cyclones in 2001References Edit a b Nadeem Reem September 2 2021 Two Decades Later the Enduring Legacy of 9 11 Pew Research Center U S Politics amp Policy Retrieved November 23 2022 a b The United Nations pays tribute to the victims of the 9 11 terrorist attacks at the 9 11 Memorial in New York United Nations Office of Counter Terrorism September 20 2021 Retrieved November 23 2022 a b c Arthur S Banks William Overstreet Thomas Muller April 15 2008 Political Handbook of the World 2008 CQ Press p 282 ISBN 978 0 87289 528 7 a b c Paddock Richard C January 20 2001 Estrada Quits New Philippine Leader Installed Los Angeles Times Retrieved November 20 2022 a b c d e f g h Nepal mourns slain king BBC News June 2 2001 Archived from the original on January 7 2009 Retrieved May 31 2009 a b c Krauss Clifford December 21 2001 Argentine Leader His Nation Frayed Abruptly Resigns The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 24 2022 a b c d Israel pulls out of Gaza CNN April 18 2001 Retrieved November 24 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of Atmosphere on World Around another Star HubbleSite org Retrieved November 20 2022 a b c Wade Nicholas February 12 2001 Long Held Beliefs Are Challenged By New Human Genome Analysis The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 23 2022 a b c Johnson Publishing Company September 10 2001 Jet Johnson Publishing Company p 22 a b c The First Human Cloned Embryo Scientific American November 24 2001 Retrieved November 23 2022 International Year of Volunteers 10th Anniversary UN Volunteers December 5 2011 Retrieved April 5 2021 a b World Population Prospects 2022 Report United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs 2022 Roser Max Ritchie Hannah Dadonaite Bernadeta May 10 2013 Child and Infant Mortality Our World in Data Hasell Joe Roser Max Ortiz Ospina Esteban Arrigada Pablo October 17 2022 Poverty Our World in Data del Mundo Fernando June 18 2002 2001 global refugee statistics UNHCR Retrieved December 7 2022 The World Health Report 2001 Mental Health New Understanding New 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Diseases 9 8 915 921 doi 10 3201 eid0908 030337 ISSN 1080 6040 PMC 3020623 PMID 12967487 ASN Aircraft accident Tupolev Tu 154M RA 85845 Burdakovka Aviation Safety Network Retrieved November 20 2022 Race riots ignite Bradford The Guardian July 8 2001 Retrieved November 20 2022 Longman Jere July 13 2001 Beijing Is Selected as 2008 Host City The New York Times Retrieved September 18 2017 Agra summit at a glance July 17 2001 Retrieved November 24 2022 Tyler Patrick E July 17 2001 Russia and China Sign Friendship Pact The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 20 2022 G8 summit death shocks leaders CNN July 21 2001 Retrieved November 20 2022 Ningrum Desi Aditia October 19 2019 Presiden Megawati dan Pelantikan Dalam Sunyi President Megawati and the Silent Inauguration merdeka com in Indonesian Retrieved November 20 2022 Bulgaria s ex King swears oath to republic BBC July 25 2001 The Republic of Moldova marks 20 years since joining the World Trade Organization Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration of the Republic of Moldova July 26 2021 Retrieved November 20 2022 Peru s Toledo swears in as president vows to fight poverty CNN July 28 2001 Retrieved November 20 2022 Rone Jemera 2003 Sudan Oil and Human Rights Report Human Rights Watch p 77 Radislav Krstic becomes the First Person to be Convicted of Genocide at the ICTY and is Sentenced to 46 Years Imprisonment International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia August 1 2001 Retrieved November 24 2022 Ultras massacre 17 in Doda Tribune India August 4 2001 Retrieved November 24 2022 Asha Krishnakumar August 18 2001 Deliverance in Erwadi Frontline Archived from the original on March 22 2012 Retrieved August 24 2011 Padilla Michael February 16 2009 Diamond like Films Help In Study Of Solar Winds Press release Sandia National Laboratories Jurewicz A J G et al January 2003 The Genesis Solar Wind Collector Materials Space Science Reviews, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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