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Wikipedia

George Harrison

February 25, 2023

This article is about the musician. For other people named George Harrison, see George Harrison (disambiguation).

George Harrison[nb 1] MBE (25 February 1943 – 29 November 2001)[nb 2] was an English musician and singer-songwriter who achieved international fame as the lead guitarist of the Beatles. Sometimes called "the quiet Beatle", Harrison embraced Indian culture and helped broaden the scope of popular music through his incorporation of Indian instrumentation and Hindu-aligned spirituality in the Beatles' work.[2] Although the majority of the band's songs were written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney, most Beatles albums from 1965 onwards contained at least two Harrison compositions. His songs for the group include "Taxman", "Within You Without You", "While My Guitar Gently Weeps", "Here Comes the Sun" and "Something". Harrison's earliest musical influences included George Formby and Django Reinhardt; subsequent influences were Carl Perkins, Chet Atkins and Chuck Berry.

George Harrison

MBE
Harrison at the White House in 1974
Born(1943-02-25)25 February 1943
Liverpool, England
Died29 November 2001(2001-11-29) (aged 58)
Los Angeles, California, US
Occupations
  • Musician
  • singer-songwriter
  • music and film producer
Years active1958–2001
Spouses
ChildrenDhani
Musical career
Genres
Instruments
  • Guitar
  • vocals
  • sitar
Labels
Formerly of
Websitegeorgeharrison.com
Signature


By 1965, he had begun to lead the Beatles into folk rock through his interest in Bob Dylan and the Byrds, and towards Indian classical music through his use of Indian instruments, such as sitar, which he had become acquainted with on the set of the movie Help![3] He played the sitar on numerous Beatles songs, starting with "Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)". Having initiated the band's embracing of Transcendental Meditation in 1967, he subsequently developed an association with the Hare Krishna movement. After the band's break-up in 1970, Harrison released the triple album All Things Must Pass, a critically acclaimed work that produced his most successful hit single, "My Sweet Lord", and introduced his signature sound as a solo artist, the slide guitar. He also organised the 1971 Concert for Bangladesh with Indian musician Ravi Shankar, a precursor to later benefit concerts such as Live Aid. In his role as a music and film producer, Harrison produced acts signed to the Beatles' Apple record label before founding Dark Horse Records in 1974; he co-founded HandMade Films in 1978, initially to produce the Monty Python troupe's comedy film The Life of Brian (1979).

Harrison released several best-selling singles and albums as a solo performer. In 1988, he co-founded the platinum-selling supergroup the Traveling Wilburys. A prolific recording artist, he was featured as a guest guitarist on tracks by Badfinger, Ronnie Wood and Billy Preston, and collaborated on songs and music with Dylan, Eric Clapton, Ringo Starr and Tom Petty, among others. Rolling Stone magazine ranked him number 11 in their list of the "100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time". He is a two-time Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductee – as a member of the Beatles in 1988, and posthumously for his solo career in 2004.[4]

Harrison's first marriage, to model Pattie Boyd in 1966, ended in divorce in 1977. The following year he married Olivia Arias, with whom he had a son, Dhani. Harrison died from lung cancer in 2001 at the age of 58, two years after surviving a knife attack by an intruder at his home, Friar Park. His remains were cremated, and the ashes were scattered according to Hindu tradition in a private ceremony in the Ganges and Yamuna rivers in India. He left an estate of almost £100 million.

Early years: 1943–1958

 
Harrison's place of birth and first home – 12 Arnold Grove

Harrison was born at 12 Arnold Grove in Wavertree, Liverpool on 25 February 1943.[5][nb 2] He was the youngest of four children of Harold Hargreaves (or Hargrove) Harrison (1909–1978) and Louise (née French;[10] 1911–1970). Harold was a bus conductor who had worked as a ship's steward on the White Star Line,[11] and Louise was a shop assistant of Irish Catholic descent.[6] He had one sister, Louise (16 August 1931 – 29 January 2023), and two brothers, Harold (born 1934) and Peter (20 July 1940 – 1 June 2007).[12][13]

According to Boyd, Harrison's mother was particularly supportive: "All she wanted for her children is that they should be happy, and she recognised that nothing made George quite as happy as making music."[14] Louise was an enthusiastic music fan, and she was known among friends for her loud singing voice, which at times startled visitors by rattling the Harrisons' windows.[15] When Louise was pregnant with George, she often listened to the weekly broadcast Radio India. Harrison's biographer Joshua Greene wrote, "Every Sunday she tuned in to mystical sounds evoked by sitars and tablas, hoping that the exotic music would bring peace and calm to the baby in the womb."[16]

Harrison lived the first four years of his life at 12 Arnold Grove, a terraced house on a cul-de-sac.[17] The home had an outdoor toilet and its only heat came from a single coal fire. In 1949, the family was offered a council house and moved to 25 Upton Green, Speke.[18] In 1948, at the age of five, Harrison enrolled at Dovedale Primary School.[19] He passed the eleven-plus exam and attended Liverpool Institute High School for Boys from 1954 to 1959.[20][21] Though the institute did offer a music course, Harrison was disappointed with the absence of guitars, and felt the school "moulded [students] into being frightened".[22]

Harrison's earliest musical influences included George Formby, Cab Calloway, Django Reinhardt and Hoagy Carmichael;[23] by the 1950s, Carl Perkins and Lonnie Donegan were significant influences.[24] In early 1956, he had an epiphany: while riding his bicycle, he heard Elvis Presley's "Heartbreak Hotel" playing from a nearby house, and the song piqued his interest in rock and roll.[25] He often sat at the back of the class drawing guitars in his schoolbooks, and later commented, "I was totally into guitars."[26] Harrison cited Slim Whitman as another early influence: "The first person I ever saw playing a guitar was Slim Whitman, either a photo of him in a magazine or live on television. Guitars were definitely coming in."[27]

At first, Harold Harrison was apprehensive about his son's interest in pursuing a music career. However, in 1956, he bought George a Dutch Egmond flat-top acoustic guitar, which according to Harold, cost £3.10s.– (equivalent to £90 in 2023[28]).[29][30] One of his father's friends taught Harrison how to play "Whispering", "Sweet Sue" and "Dinah". Inspired by Donegan's music, Harrison formed a skiffle group, the Rebels, with his brother Peter and a friend, Arthur Kelly.[31] On the bus to school, Harrison met Paul McCartney, who also attended the Liverpool Institute, and the pair bonded over their shared love of music.[32]

The Beatles: 1958–1970

Main article: The Beatles

McCartney and his friend John Lennon were in a skiffle group called the Quarrymen. In March 1958, at McCartney's urging, Harrison auditioned for the Quarrymen at Rory Storm's Morgue Skiffle Club, playing Arthur "Guitar Boogie" Smith's "Guitar Boogie Shuffle", but Lennon felt that Harrison, having just turned 15, was too young to join the band.[33] McCartney arranged a second meeting, on the upper deck of a Liverpool bus, during which Harrison impressed Lennon by performing the lead guitar part for the instrumental "Raunchy".[34] He began socialising with the group, filling in on guitar as needed,[35] and then became accepted as a member.[36] Although his father wanted him to continue his education, Harrison left school at 16 and worked for several months as an apprentice electrician at Blacklers, a local department store.[37] During the group's first tour of Scotland, in 1960, Harrison used the pseudonym "Carl Harrison", in reference to Carl Perkins.[38]

 
Harrison at a Beatles press conference in Amsterdam in 1964

In 1960, promoter Allan Williams arranged for the band, now calling themselves the Beatles, to play at the Indra and Kaiserkeller clubs in Hamburg, both owned by Bruno Koschmider.[39] Their first residency in Hamburg ended prematurely when Harrison was deported for being too young to work in nightclubs.[40] When Brian Epstein became their manager in December 1961, he polished up their image and later secured them a recording contract with EMI.[41] The group's first single, "Love Me Do", peaked at number 17 on the Record Retailer chart, and by the time their debut album, Please Please Me, was released in early 1963, Beatlemania had arrived.[42] Often serious and focused while on stage with the band, Harrison was known as "the quiet Beatle".[43][44] That moniker arose when the Beatles arrived in the United States in early 1964, and Harrison was ill with a case of Strep throat and a fever and was medically advised to limit speaking as much as possible until he performed on The Ed Sullivan Show as scheduled. As such, the press noticed Harrison's apparent laconic nature in public appearances on that tour and the subsequent nickname stuck, much to Harrison's amusement.[45] He had two lead vocal credits on the LP, including the Lennon–McCartney song "Do You Want to Know a Secret?", and three on their second album, With the Beatles (1963).[46] The latter included "Don't Bother Me", Harrison's first solo writing credit.[47]

 
Harrison (left) and Ringo Starr (right) performing at the King's Hall in Belfast, 1964

Harrison served as the Beatles' scout for new American releases, being especially knowledgeable about soul music.[48] By 1965's Rubber Soul, he had begun to lead the other Beatles into folk rock through his interest in the Byrds and Bob Dylan, and towards Indian classical music through his use of the sitar on "Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)".[49][nb 3] He later called Rubber Soul his "favourite [Beatles] album".[51] Revolver (1966) included three of his compositions: "Taxman", selected as the album's opening track, "Love You To" and "I Want to Tell You".[52] His drone-like tambura part on Lennon's "Tomorrow Never Knows" exemplified the band's ongoing exploration of non-Western instruments,[53] while the sitar- and tabla-based "Love You To" represented the Beatles' first genuine foray into Indian music.[54] According to the ethnomusicologist David Reck, the latter song set a precedent in popular music as an example of Asian culture being represented by Westerners respectfully and without parody.[55] Author Nicholas Schaffner wrote in 1978 that following Harrison's increased association with the sitar after "Norwegian Wood", he became known as "the maharaja of raga-rock".[56] Harrison continued to develop his interest in non-Western instrumentation, playing swarmandal on "Strawberry Fields Forever".[57]

By late 1966, Harrison's interests had moved away from the Beatles. This was reflected in his choice of Eastern gurus and religious leaders for inclusion on the album cover for Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band in 1967.[58][nb 4] His sole composition on the album was the Indian-inspired "Within You Without You", to which no other Beatle contributed.[60] He played sitar and tambura on the track, backed by musicians from the London Asian Music Circle on dilruba, swarmandal and tabla.[61][nb 5] He later commented on the Sgt. Pepper album: "It was a millstone and a milestone in the music industry ... There's about half the songs I like and the other half I can't stand."[63]

 
The Beatles in 1967

In January 1968, he recorded the basic track for his song "The Inner Light" at EMI's studio in Bombay, using a group of local musicians playing traditional Indian instruments.[64] Released as the B-side to McCartney's "Lady Madonna", it was the first Harrison composition to appear on a Beatles single.[64] Derived from a quotation from the Tao Te Ching, the song's lyric reflected Harrison's deepening interest in Hinduism and meditation.[65] During the recording of The Beatles that same year, tensions within the group ran high, and drummer Ringo Starr quit briefly.[66] Harrison's four songwriting contributions to the double album included "While My Guitar Gently Weeps", which featured Eric Clapton on lead guitar, and the horn-driven "Savoy Truffle".[67]

Dylan and the Band were a major musical influence on Harrison at the end of his career with the Beatles.[68] While on a visit to Woodstock in late 1968, he established a friendship with Dylan and found himself drawn to the Band's sense of communal music-making and to the creative equality among the band members, which contrasted with Lennon and McCartney's domination of the Beatles' songwriting and creative direction. This coincided with a prolific period in his songwriting and a growing desire to assert his independence from the Beatles.[69] Tensions among the group surfaced again in January 1969, at Twickenham Studios, during the filmed rehearsals that became the 1970 documentary Let It Be.[69] Frustrated by the cold and sterile film studio, by Lennon's creative disengagement from the Beatles, and by what he perceived as a domineering attitude from McCartney, Harrison quit the group on 10 January. He returned 12 days later, after his bandmates had agreed to move the film project to their own Apple Studio and to abandon McCartney's plan for making a return to public performance.[70]

Relations among the Beatles were more cordial, though still strained, when the band recorded their 1969 album Abbey Road.[71] The LP included what Lavezzoli describes as "two classic contributions" from Harrison – "Here Comes the Sun" and "Something" – that saw him "finally achieve equal songwriting status" with Lennon and McCartney.[72] During the album's recording, Harrison asserted more creative control than before, rejecting suggestions for changes to his music, particularly from McCartney.[73] "Something" became his first A-side when issued on a double A-side single with "Come Together"; the song was number one in Canada, Australia, New Zealand and West Germany,[74] and the combined sides topped the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the United States.[75] In the 1970s Frank Sinatra recorded "Something" twice (1970 and 1979) and later dubbed it "the greatest love song of the past fifty years".[76] Lennon considered it the best song on Abbey Road, and it became the Beatles' second most covered song after "Yesterday".[77][nb 6]

In May 1970, Harrison's song "For You Blue" was coupled on a US single with McCartney's "The Long and Winding Road" and became Harrison's second chart-topper when the sides were listed together at number one on the Hot 100.[79] His increased productivity meant that by the time of their break-up he had amassed a stockpile of unreleased compositions.[80] While Harrison grew as a songwriter, his compositional presence on Beatles albums remained limited to two or three songs, increasing his frustration, and significantly contributing to the band's break-up.[81] Harrison's last recording session with the Beatles was on 4 January 1970, when he, McCartney and Starr recorded his song "I Me Mine" for the Let It Be soundtrack album.[82]

Solo career: 1968–1987

Early solo work: 1968–1969

 
Trade ad for Wonderwall Music

Before the Beatles' break-up, Harrison had already recorded and released two solo albums: Wonderwall Music and Electronic Sound, both of which contain mainly instrumental compositions. Wonderwall Music, a soundtrack to the 1968 film Wonderwall, blends Indian and Western instrumentation, while Electronic Sound is an experimental album that prominently features a Moog synthesizer.[83] Released in November 1968, Wonderwall Music was the first solo album by a Beatle and the first LP released by Apple Records.[84] Indian musicians Aashish Khan and Shivkumar Sharma performed on the album, which contains the experimental sound collage "Dream Scene", recorded several months before Lennon's "Revolution 9".[85]

In December 1969, Harrison participated in a brief tour of Europe with the American group Delaney & Bonnie and Friends.[86] During the tour that included Clapton, Bobby Whitlock, drummer Jim Gordon and band leaders Delaney and Bonnie Bramlett, Harrison began to play slide guitar, and also began to write "My Sweet Lord", which became his first single as a solo artist.[87]

All Things Must Pass: 1970

Main article: All Things Must Pass

For many years, Harrison was restricted in his songwriting contributions to the Beatles' albums, but he released All Things Must Pass, a triple album[88] with two discs of his songs and the third of recordings of Harrison jamming with friends.[80][89] The album was regarded by many as his best work, and it topped the charts on both sides of the Atlantic.[90][91][nb 7] The LP produced the number-one hit single "My Sweet Lord" and the top-ten single "What Is Life".[93] The album was co-produced by Phil Spector using his "Wall of Sound" approach,[94] and the musicians included Starr, Clapton, Gary Wright, Billy Preston, Klaus Voormann, the whole of Delaney and Bonnie's Friends band and the Apple group Badfinger.[80][95][nb 8] On release, All Things Must Pass was received with critical acclaim;[97] Ben Gerson of Rolling Stone described it as being "of classic Spectorian proportions, Wagnerian, Brucknerian, the music of mountain tops and vast horizons".[98] Author and musicologist Ian Inglis considers the lyrics of the album's title track "a recognition of the impermanence of human existence ... a simple and poignant conclusion" to Harrison's former band.[99] In 1971, Bright Tunes sued Harrison for copyright infringement over "My Sweet Lord", owing to its similarity to the 1963 Chiffons hit "He's So Fine".[100] When the case was heard in the United States district court in 1976, he denied deliberately plagiarising the song, but lost the case, as the judge ruled that he had done so subconsciously.[101]

In 2000, Apple Records released a thirtieth anniversary edition of the album, and Harrison actively participated in its promotion. In an interview, he reflected on the work: "It's just something that was like my continuation from the Beatles, really. It was me sort of getting out of the Beatles and just going my own way ... it was a very happy occasion."[102] He commented on the production: "Well, in those days it was like the reverb was kind of used a bit more than what I would do now. In fact, I don't use reverb at all. I can't stand it ... You know, it's hard to go back to anything thirty years later and expect it to be how you would want it now."[103]

The Concert for Bangladesh: 1971

Main article: The Concert for Bangladesh
 
Trade ad for Harrison's "Bangla Desh" single

Harrison responded to a request from Ravi Shankar by organising a charity event, the Concert for Bangladesh, which took place on 1 August 1971. The event drew over 40,000 people to two shows in New York's Madison Square Garden.[104] The goal of the event was to raise money to aid starving refugees during the Bangladesh Liberation War.[105] Shankar opened the show, which featured popular musicians such as Dylan, Clapton, Leon Russell, Badfinger, Preston and Starr.[105]

A triple album, The Concert for Bangladesh, was released by Apple in December, followed by a concert film in 1972.[nb 9] Credited to "George Harrison and Friends", the album topped the UK chart and peaked at number 2 in the US,[108] and went on to win the Grammy Award for Album of the Year.[109] Tax troubles and questionable expenses later tied up many of the proceeds, but Harrison commented: "Mainly the concert was to attract attention to the situation ... The money we raised was secondary, and although we had some money problems ... they still got plenty ... even though it was a drop in the ocean. The main thing was, we spread the word and helped get the war ended."[110]

Living in the Material World to George Harrison: 1973–1979

Harrison's 1973 album Living in the Material World held the number one spot on the Billboard albums chart for five weeks, and the album's single, "Give Me Love (Give Me Peace on Earth)", also reached number one in the US.[111] In the UK, the LP peaked at number two and the single reached number 8.[93] The album was lavishly produced and packaged, and its dominant message was Harrison's Hindu beliefs.[112] In Greene's opinion it "contained many of the strongest compositions of his career".[113] Stephen Holden, writing in Rolling Stone, felt the album was "vastly appealing" and "profoundly seductive", and that it stood "alone as an article of faith, miraculous in its radiance".[114] Other reviewers were less enthusiastic, describing the release as awkward, sanctimonious and overly sentimental.[115]

In November 1974, Harrison became the first ex-Beatle to tour North America when he began his 45-date Dark Horse Tour.[116] The shows included guest spots by his band members Billy Preston and Tom Scott, and traditional and contemporary Indian music performed by "Ravi Shankar, Family and Friends".[117] Despite numerous positive reviews, the consensus reaction to the tour was negative.[118] Some fans found Shankar's significant presence to be a bizarre disappointment, and many were affronted by what Inglis described as Harrison's "sermonizing".[119] Further, he reworked the lyrics to several Beatles songs,[119] and his laryngitis-affected vocals led to some critics calling the tour "dark hoarse".[120] The author Robert Rodriguez commented: "While the Dark Horse tour might be considered a noble failure, there were a number of fans who were tuned-in to what was being attempted. They went away ecstatic, conscious that they had just witnessed something so uplifting that it could never be repeated."[121] Simon Leng called the tour "groundbreaking" and "revolutionary in its presentation of Indian Music".[122]

In December, Harrison released Dark Horse, which was an album that earned him the least favourable reviews of his career.[123] Rolling Stone called it "the chronicle of a performer out of his element, working to a deadline, enfeebling his overtaxed talents by a rush to deliver a new 'LP product', rehearse a band, and assemble a cross-country tour, all within three weeks".[124] The album reached number 4 on the Billboard chart and the single "Dark Horse" reached number 15, but they failed to make an impact in the UK.[125][nb 10] The music critic Mikal Gilmore described Dark Horse as "one of Harrison's most fascinating works – a record about change and loss".[126]

 
Harrison leaving the Hilton Hotel in Amsterdam, and signing an album for a fan, February 1977

Harrison's final studio album for EMI and Apple Records, the soul music-inspired Extra Texture (Read All About It) (1975),[127] peaked at number 8 on the Billboard chart and number 16 in the UK.[128] Harrison considered it the least satisfactory of the three albums he had recorded since All Things Must Pass.[129] Leng identified "bitterness and dismay" in many of the tracks; his long-time friend Klaus Voormann commented: "He wasn't up for it ... It was a terrible time because I think there was a lot of cocaine going around, and that's when I got out of the picture ... I didn't like his frame of mind".[130] He released two singles from the LP: "You", which reached the Billboard top 20, and "This Guitar (Can't Keep from Crying)", Apple's final original single release.[131]

Thirty Three & 1/3 (1976), Harrison's first album release on his own Dark Horse Records label, produced the hit singles "This Song" and "Crackerbox Palace", both of which reached the top 25 in the US.[132][nb 11] The surreal humour of "Crackerbox Palace" reflected Harrison's association with Monty Python's Eric Idle, who directed a comical music video for the song.[135] With an emphasis on melody and musicianship, and a more subtle subject matter than the pious message of his earlier works, Thirty Three & 1/3 earned Harrison his most favourable critical notices in the US since All Things Must Pass.[135] The album peaked just outside the top ten there, but outsold his previous two LPs.[136][137] As part of his promotion for the release, Harrison performed on Saturday Night Live with Paul Simon.[138]

In 1979, Harrison released George Harrison, which followed his second marriage and the birth of his son Dhani.[139] Co-produced by Russ Titelman,[140] the album and the single "Blow Away" both made the Billboard top 20.[141] The album marked the beginning of Harrison's gradual retreat from the music business, with several of the songs having been written in the tranquil setting of Maui in the Hawaiian archipelago.[142] Leng described George Harrison as "melodic and lush ... peaceful ... the work of a man who had lived the rock and roll dream twice over and was now embracing domestic as well as spiritual bliss".[143]

Somewhere in England to Cloud Nine: 1980–1987

 
Harrison and Eric Clapton performing "While My Guitar Gently Weeps" at the 1987 Prince's Trust Concert in London

The murder of John Lennon on 8 December 1980 disturbed Harrison and reinforced his decades-long concern about stalkers.[144] The tragedy was also a deep personal loss, although Harrison and Lennon had little contact in the years before Lennon was killed.[145][nb 12] Following the murder, Harrison commented: "After all we went through together I had and still have great love and respect for John Lennon. I am shocked and stunned."[144] Harrison modified the lyrics of a song he had written for Starr to make the song a tribute to Lennon.[147] "All Those Years Ago", which included vocal contributions from Paul and Linda McCartney, as well as Starr's original drum part, peaked at number two in the US charts.[148][149] The single was included on the album Somewhere in England in 1981.[150]

Harrison did not release any new albums for five years after 1982's Gone Troppo received little notice from critics or the public.[151] During this period he made several guest appearances, including a 1985 performance at a tribute to Carl Perkins titled Blue Suede Shoes: A Rockabilly Session.[152][nb 13] In March 1986 he made a surprise appearance during the finale of the Birmingham Heart Beat Charity Concert, an event organised to raise money for the Birmingham Children's Hospital.[154] The following year, he appeared at The Prince's Trust concert at London's Wembley Arena, performing "While My Guitar Gently Weeps" and "Here Comes the Sun".[155] In February 1987 he joined Dylan, John Fogerty and Jesse Ed Davis on stage for a two-hour performance with the blues musician Taj Mahal.[156] Harrison recalled: "Bob rang me up and asked if I wanted to come out for the evening and see Taj Mahal ... So we went there and had a few of these Mexican beers – and had a few more ... Bob says, 'Hey, why don't we all get up and play, and you can sing?' But every time I got near the microphone, Dylan comes up and just starts singing this rubbish in my ear, trying to throw me."[157]

In November 1987, Harrison released the platinum album Cloud Nine.[158][159] Co-produced with Jeff Lynne of Electric Light Orchestra (ELO), the album included Harrison's rendition of James Ray's "Got My Mind Set on You", which went to number one in the US and number two in the UK.[160][161] The accompanying music video received substantial airplay,[162] and another single, "When We Was Fab", a retrospective of the Beatles' career, earned two MTV Music Video Awards nominations in 1988.[163] Recorded at his estate in Friar Park, Harrison's slide guitar playing featured prominently on the album, which included several of his long-time musical collaborators, including Clapton, Jim Keltner and Jim Horn.[164] Cloud Nine reached number eight and number ten on the US and UK charts respectively, and several tracks from the album achieved placement on Billboard's Mainstream Rock chart – "Devil's Radio", "This Is Love" and "Cloud 9".[160]

Later career: 1988–1996

The Traveling Wilburys and return to touring: 1988–1992

Main article: Traveling Wilburys

In 1988, Harrison formed the Traveling Wilburys with Jeff Lynne, Roy Orbison, Bob Dylan and Tom Petty. The band had gathered in Dylan's garage to record a song for a Harrison European single release.[165] Harrison's record company decided the track, "Handle with Care", was too good for its original purpose as a B-side and asked for a full album. The LP, Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1, was released in October 1988 and recorded under pseudonyms as half-brothers, supposed sons of Charles Truscott Wilbury, Sr.[166] It reached number 16 in the UK and number 3 in the US, where it was certified triple platinum.[167] Harrison's pseudonym on the album was "Nelson Wilbury"; he used the name "Spike Wilbury" for their second album.[168]

In 1989, Harrison and Starr appeared in the music video for Petty's song "I Won't Back Down".[169] In October that year, Harrison assembled and released Best of Dark Horse 1976–1989, a compilation of his later solo work.[170] The album included three new songs, including "Cheer Down", which Harrison had recently contributed to the Lethal Weapon 2 film soundtrack.[171]

Following Orbison's death in December 1988, the Wilburys recorded as a four-piece.[172] Their second album, issued in October 1990, was mischievously titled Traveling Wilburys Vol. 3. According to Lynne, "That was George's idea. He said, 'Let's confuse the buggers.'"[173] It peaked at number 14 in the UK and number 11 in the US, where it was certified platinum.[167] The Wilburys never performed live, and the group did not record together again following the release of their second album.[174]

In December 1991, Harrison joined Clapton for a tour of Japan.[175] It was Harrison's first since 1974 and no others followed.[176][nb 14] On 6 April 1992, Harrison held a benefit concert for the Natural Law Party at the Royal Albert Hall, his first London performance since the Beatles' 1969 rooftop concert.[178] In October 1992, he performed at a Bob Dylan tribute concert at Madison Square Garden in New York City, playing alongside Dylan, Clapton, McGuinn, Petty and Neil Young.[179]

The Beatles Anthology: 1994–1996

Main article: The Beatles Anthology

In 1994, Harrison began a collaboration with McCartney, Starr and producer Jeff Lynne for the Beatles Anthology project. This included the recording of two new Beatles songs built around solo vocal and piano tapes recorded by Lennon as well as lengthy interviews about the Beatles' career.[180] Released in December 1995, "Free as a Bird" was the first new Beatles single since 1970.[181] In March 1996, they released a second single, "Real Love". Harrison refused to participate in the completion of a third song.[182] He later commented on the project: "I hope somebody does this to all my crap demos when I'm dead, make them into hit songs."[183]

Later life and death: 1997–2001

After the Anthology project, Harrison collaborated with Ravi Shankar on the latter's Chants of India. Harrison's final television appearance was a VH-1 special to promote the album, taped in May 1997.[184] Soon afterwards, Harrison was diagnosed with throat cancer;[185] he was treated with radiotherapy, which was thought at the time to be successful.[186] He publicly blamed years of smoking for the illness.[187]

In January 1998, Harrison attended Carl Perkins' funeral in Jackson, Tennessee, where he performed a brief rendition of Perkins' song "Your True Love".[188] In May, he represented the Beatles at London's High Court in their successful bid to gain control of unauthorised recordings made of a 1962 performance by the band at the Star-Club in Hamburg.[189][190] The following year, he was the most active of the former Beatles in promoting the reissue of their 1968 animated film Yellow Submarine.[189][191]

 
The entrance and gatehouse at Harrison's Friar Park estate. In December 1999, he and his wife Olivia were the victims of a knife attack by an intruder.

On 30 December 1999, Harrison and his wife Olivia were attacked at their home, Friar Park. Michael Abram, a 34-year-old man suffering from paranoid schizophrenia, broke in and attacked Harrison with a kitchen knife, puncturing a lung and causing head injuries before his wife incapacitated the assailant by striking him repeatedly with a fireplace poker and a lamp.[186][192] Harrison later commented, "I felt exhausted and could feel the strength draining from me. I vividly remember a deliberate thrust to my chest. I could hear my lung exhaling and had blood in my mouth. I believed I had been fatally stabbed."[193] Following the attack, Harrison was hospitalised with more than 40 stab wounds, and part of his punctured lung was removed.[194] He released a statement soon afterwards regarding his assailant: "He wasn't a burglar, and he certainly wasn't auditioning for the Traveling Wilburys. Adi Shankara, an Indian historical, spiritual and groovy-type person, once said, 'Life is fragile like a raindrop on a lotus leaf.' And you'd better believe it."[195][nb 15] Upon being released from a mental hospital in 2002 after less than three years in state custody, Abram said "If I could turn back the clock, I would give anything not to have done what I did in attacking George Harrison, but looking back on it now, I have come to understand that I was at the time not in control of my actions. I can only hope the Harrison family might somehow find it in their hearts to accept my apologies."[199]

The injuries inflicted on Harrison during the home invasion were downplayed by his family in their comments to the press. Having seen Harrison looking so healthy beforehand, those in his social circle believed that the attack brought about a change in him and was the cause for his cancer's return.[194] In May 2001, it was revealed that Harrison had undergone an operation to remove a cancerous growth from one of his lungs,[200] and in July, it was reported that he was being treated for a brain tumour at a clinic in Switzerland.[201] While in Switzerland, Starr visited him but had to cut short his stay to travel to Boston, where his daughter was undergoing emergency brain surgery. Harrison, who was very weak, quipped: "Do you want me to come with you?"[202] In November 2001, he began radiotherapy at Staten Island University Hospital in New York City for non-small cell lung cancer that had spread to his brain.[203] When the news was made public, Harrison bemoaned his physician's breach of privacy, and his estate later claimed damages.[nb 16]

On 29 November 2001, Harrison died at a property belonging to McCartney, on Heather Road in Beverly Hills, Los Angeles.[209] He was 58 years old.[210][211] He died in the company of Olivia, Dhani, Shankar and the latter's wife Sukanya and daughter Anoushka, and Hare Krishna devotees Shyamasundar Das and Mukunda Goswami, who chanted verses from the Bhagavad Gita.[212] His final message to the world, as relayed in a statement by Olivia and Dhani, was: "Everything else can wait, but the search for God cannot wait, and love one another."[213][nb 17] He was cremated at Hollywood Forever Cemetery and his funeral was held at the Self-Realization Fellowship Lake Shrine in Pacific Palisades, California.[215] His close family scattered his ashes according to Hindu tradition in a private ceremony in the Ganges and Yamuna rivers near Varanasi, India.[216] He left almost £100 million in his will.[217]

Harrison's final studio album, Brainwashed (2002), was released posthumously after it was completed by his son Dhani and Jeff Lynne.[218] A quotation from the Bhagavad Gita is included in the album's liner notes: "There never was a time when you or I did not exist. Nor will there be any future when we shall cease to be."[219] A media-only single, "Stuck Inside a Cloud", which Leng describes as "a uniquely candid reaction to illness and mortality", achieved number 27 on Billboard's Adult Contemporary chart.[220][221] The single "Any Road", released in May 2003, peaked at number 37 on the UK Singles Chart.[161] "Marwa Blues" went on to receive the 2004 Grammy Award for Best Pop Instrumental Performance, while "Any Road" was nominated for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance.[222]

Musicianship

Guitar work

 
Harrison's burgundy Les Paul

Harrison's guitar work with the Beatles was varied and flexible. Although not fast or flashy, his lead guitar playing was solid and typified the more subdued lead guitar style of the early 1960s. His rhythm guitar playing was innovative, for example when he used a capo to shorten the strings on an acoustic guitar, as on the Rubber Soul (1965) album and "Here Comes the Sun", to create a bright, sweet sound.[223][224] Eric Clapton felt that Harrison was "clearly an innovator" as he was "taking certain elements of R&B and rock and rockabilly and creating something unique".[225] Rolling Stone founder Jann Wenner described Harrison as "a guitarist who was never showy but who had an innate, eloquent melodic sense. He played exquisitely in the service of the song".[226] The guitar picking style of Chet Atkins and Carl Perkins influenced Harrison, giving a country music feel to many of the Beatles' recordings.[227] He identified Chuck Berry as another early influence.[228]

In 1961, the Beatles recorded "Cry for a Shadow", a blues-inspired instrumental co-written by Lennon and Harrison, who is credited with composing the song's lead guitar part, building on unusual chord voicings and imitating the style of other English groups such as the Shadows.[229] Harrison's liberal use of the diatonic scale in his guitar playing reveals the influence of Buddy Holly, and his interest in Berry inspired him to compose songs based on the blues scale while incorporating a rockabilly feel in the style of Perkins.[230][nb 18] Another of Harrison's musical techniques was the use of guitar lines written in octaves, as on "I'll Be on My Way".[232]

By 1964, he had begun to develop a distinctive personal style as a guitarist, writing parts that featured the use of nonresolving tones, as with the ending chord arpeggios on "A Hard Day's Night".[230] On this and other songs from the period, he used a Rickenbacker 360/12 – an electric guitar with twelve strings, the low eight of which are tuned in pairs, one octave apart, with the higher four being pairs tuned in unison.[232] His use of the Rickenbacker on A Hard Day's Night helped to popularise the model, and the jangly sound became so prominent that Melody Maker termed it the Beatles' "secret weapon".[233][nb 19] In 1965, Harrison used an expression pedal to control his guitar's volume on "I Need You", creating a syncopated flautando effect with the melody resolving its dissonance through tonal displacements.[235] He used the same volume-swell technique on "Yes It Is", applying what Everett described as "ghostly articulation" to the song's natural harmonics.[230]

In 1966, Harrison contributed innovative musical ideas to Revolver. He played backwards guitar on Lennon's composition "I'm Only Sleeping" and a guitar counter-melody on "And Your Bird Can Sing" that moved in parallel octaves above McCartney's bass downbeats.[236] His guitar playing on "I Want to Tell You" exemplified the pairing of altered chordal colours with descending chromatic lines and his guitar part for Sgt Pepper's "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds" mirrors Lennon's vocal line in much the same way that a sarangi player accompanies a khyal singer in a Hindu devotional song.[237]

 
"Old Brown Shoe"
Harrison's guitar solo from "Old Brown Shoe", April 1969
"Something"
An excerpt from Harrison's guitar solo to "Something", May 1969
"How Do You Sleep?"
An excerpt from Harrison's slide guitar solo from Lennon's "How Do You Sleep?", 1971
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Everett described Harrison's guitar solo from "Old Brown Shoe" as "stinging [and] highly Claptonesque".[238] He identified two of the composition's significant motifs: a bluesy trichord and a diminished triad with roots in A and E.[239] Huntley called the song "a sizzling rocker with a ferocious ... solo".[240] In Greene's opinion, Harrison's demo for "Old Brown Shoe" contains "one of the most complex lead guitar solos on any Beatles song".[241]

Harrison's playing on Abbey Road, and in particular on "Something", marked a significant moment in his development as a guitarist. The song's guitar solo shows a varied range of influences, incorporating the blues guitar style of Clapton and the styles of Indian gamakas.[242] According to author and musicologist Kenneth Womack: "'Something' meanders toward the most unforgettable of Harrison's guitar solos ... A masterpiece in simplicity, [it] reaches toward the sublime".[243]

After Delaney Bramlett inspired him to learn slide guitar, Harrison began to incorporate it into his solo work, which allowed him to mimic many traditional Indian instruments, including the sarangi and the dilruba.[244] Leng described Harrison's slide guitar solo on Lennon's "How Do You Sleep?" as a departure for "the sweet soloist of 'Something'", calling his playing "rightly famed ... one of Harrison's greatest guitar statements".[245] Lennon commented: "That's the best he's ever fucking played in his life."[245]

A Hawaiian influence is notable in much of Harrison's music, ranging from his slide guitar work on Gone Troppo (1982) to his televised performance of the Cab Calloway standard "Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea" on ukulele in 1992.[246] Lavezzoli described Harrison's slide playing on the Grammy-winning instrumental "Marwa Blues" (2002) as demonstrating Hawaiian influences while comparing the melody to an Indian sarod or veena, calling it "yet another demonstration of Harrison's unique slide approach".[247] Harrison was an admirer of George Formby and a member of the Ukulele Society of Great Britain, and played a ukulele solo in the style of Formby at the end of "Free as a Bird".[248] He performed at a Formby convention in 1991, and served as the honorary president of the George Formby Appreciation Society.[249] Harrison played bass guitar on a few tracks, including the Beatles songs "She Said She Said", "Golden Slumbers", "Birthday" and "Honey Pie".[250] He also played bass on several solo recordings, including "Faster", "Wake Up My Love" and "Bye Bye Love".[251]

Sitar and Indian music

 
Ravi Shankar, who taught Harrison the sitar (pictured in 1969)

During the Beatles' American tour in August 1965, Harrison's friend David Crosby of the Byrds introduced him to Indian classical music and the work of sitar maestro Ravi Shankar.[252][253] Harrison described Shankar as "the first person who ever impressed me in my life ... and he was the only person who didn't try to impress me."[254] Harrison became fascinated with the sitar and immersed himself in Indian music.[255] According to Lavezzoli, Harrison's introduction of the instrument on the Beatles' song "Norwegian Wood" "opened the floodgates for Indian instrumentation in rock music, triggering what Shankar would call 'The Great Sitar Explosion' of 1966–67".[256] Lavezzoli recognises Harrison as "the man most responsible for this phenomenon".[257][nb 20]

In June 1966, Harrison met Shankar at the home of Mrs Angadi of the Asian Music Circle, asked to be his student, and was accepted.[259] Before this meeting, Harrison had recorded his Revolver track "Love You To", contributing a sitar part that Lavezzoli describes as an "astonishing improvement" over "Norwegian Wood" and "the most accomplished performance on sitar by any rock musician".[260] On 6 July, Harrison travelled to India to buy a sitar from Rikhi Ram & Sons in New Delhi.[259] In September, following the Beatles' final tour, he returned to India to study sitar for six weeks with Shankar.[259] He initially stayed in Bombay until fans learned of his arrival, then moved to a houseboat on a remote lake in Kashmir.[259] During this visit, he also received tutelage from Shambhu Das, Shankar's protégé.[261][262]

Harrison studied the instrument until 1968, when, following a discussion with Shankar about the need to find his "roots", an encounter with Clapton and Jimi Hendrix at a hotel in New York convinced him to return to guitar playing. Harrison commented: "I decided ... I'm not going to be a great sitar player ... because I should have started at least fifteen years earlier."[263] Harrison continued to use Indian instrumentation occasionally on his solo albums and remained strongly associated with the genre.[264] Lavezzoli groups him with Paul Simon and Peter Gabriel as the three rock musicians who have given the most "mainstream exposure to non-Western musics, or the concept of 'world music'".[265]

Songwriting

Harrison wrote his first song, "Don't Bother Me", while sick in a hotel bed in Bournemouth during August 1963, as "an exercise to see if I could write a song", as he remembered.[266] His songwriting ability improved throughout the Beatles' career, but his material did not earn full respect from Lennon, McCartney and producer George Martin until near the group's break-up.[267] In 1969, McCartney told Lennon: "Until this year, our songs have been better than George's. Now this year his songs are at least as good as ours".[268] Harrison often had difficulty getting the band to record his songs.[269][81] Most Beatles albums from 1965 onwards contain at least two Harrison compositions; three of his songs appear on Revolver, "the album on which Harrison came of age as a songwriter", according to Inglis.[270]

 
"Within You Without You"
An audio sample of Harrison's "Within You Without You", 1967
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Harrison wrote the chord progression of "Don't Bother Me" almost exclusively in the Dorian mode, demonstrating an interest in exotic tones that eventually culminated in his embrace of Indian music.[271] The latter proved a strong influence on his songwriting and contributed to his innovation within the Beatles. According to Mikal Gilmore of Rolling Stone, "Harrison's openness to new sounds and textures cleared new paths for his rock and roll compositions. His use of dissonance on ... 'Taxman' and 'I Want to Tell You' was revolutionary in popular music – and perhaps more originally creative than the avant-garde mannerisms that Lennon and McCartney borrowed from the music of Karlheinz Stockhausen, Luciano Berio, Edgard Varèse and Igor Stravinsky ..."[272]

Of the 1967 Harrison song "Within You Without You", author Gerry Farrell said that Harrison had created a "new form", calling the composition "a quintessential fusion of pop and Indian music".[273] Lennon called the song one of Harrison's best: "His mind and his music are clear. There is his innate talent, he brought that sound together."[274] In his next fully Indian-styled song, "The Inner Light", Harrison embraced the Karnatak discipline of Indian music, rather than the Hindustani style he had used in "Love You To" and "Within You Without You".[275] Writing in 1997, Farrell commented: "It is a mark of Harrison's sincere involvement with Indian music that, nearly thirty years on, the Beatles' 'Indian' songs remain the most imaginative and successful examples of this type of fusion – for example, 'Blue Jay Way' and 'The Inner Light'."[276]

Beatles biographer Bob Spitz described "Something" as a masterpiece, and "an intensely stirring romantic ballad that would challenge 'Yesterday' and 'Michelle' as one of the most recognizable songs they ever produced".[277] Inglis considered Abbey Road a turning point in Harrison's development as a songwriter and musician. He described Harrison's two contributions to the LP, "Here Comes the Sun" and "Something", as "exquisite", declaring them equal to any previous Beatles songs.[73]

Collaborations

See also: Apple Records § Artists, and George Harrison discography § Collaborations and other appearances

From 1968 onwards, Harrison collaborated with other musicians; he brought in Eric Clapton to play lead guitar on "While My Guitar Gently Weeps" for the 1968 Beatles' White Album,[278] and collaborated with John Barham on his 1968 debut solo album, Wonderwall Music, which included contributions from Clapton again, as well as Peter Tork from the Monkees.[279] He played on tracks by Dave Mason, Nicky Hopkins, Alvin Lee, Ronnie Wood, Billy Preston and Tom Scott.[280] Harrison co-wrote songs and music with Dylan, Clapton, Preston, Doris Troy, David Bromberg, Gary Wright, Wood, Jeff Lynne and Tom Petty, among others.[281] Harrison's music projects during the final years of the Beatles included producing Apple Records artists Doris Troy, Jackie Lomax and Billy Preston.[282]

Harrison co-wrote the song "Badge" with Clapton, which was included on Cream's 1969 album, Goodbye.[283] Harrison played rhythm guitar on the track, using the pseudonym "L'Angelo Misterioso" for contractual reasons.[284] In May 1970, he played guitar on several songs during a recording session for Dylan's album New Morning.[285] Between 1971 and 1973, he co-wrote and/or produced three top ten hits for Starr: "It Don't Come Easy", "Back Off Boogaloo" and "Photograph".[286] Aside from "How Do You Sleep?", his contributions to Lennon's 1971 album Imagine included a slide guitar solo on "Gimme Some Truth" and dobro on "Crippled Inside".[287] Also that year, he produced and played slide guitar on Badfinger's top ten hit "Day After Day", and a dobro on Preston's "I Wrote a Simple Song".[288][nb 21] He worked with Harry Nilsson on "You're Breakin' My Heart" (1972) and with Cheech & Chong on "Basketball Jones" (1973).[290]

In 1974, Harrison founded Dark Horse Records as an avenue for collaboration with other musicians.[291] He wanted Dark Horse to serve as a creative outlet for artists, as Apple Records had for the Beatles.[292] Eric Idle commented: "He's extremely generous, and he backs and supports all sorts of people that you'll never, ever hear of."[293] The first acts signed to the new label were Ravi Shankar and the duo Splinter. Harrison produced and made multiple musical contributions to Splinter's debut album, The Place I Love, which provided Dark Horse with its first hit, "Costafine Town".[294] He also produced and played guitar and autoharp on Shankar's Shankar Family & Friends, the label's other inaugural release.[295] Other artists signed by Dark Horse include Attitudes, Henry McCullough, Jiva and Stairsteps.[296]

Harrison collaborated with Tom Scott on Scott's 1975 album New York Connection, and in 1981 he played guitar on "Walk a Thin Line", from Mick Fleetwood's The Visitor.[297] His contributions to Starr's solo career continued with "Wrack My Brain", a 1981 US top 40 hit written and produced by Harrison,[298] and guitar overdubs to two tracks on Vertical Man (1998).[299] In 1996, Harrison recorded "Distance Makes No Difference With Love" with Carl Perkins for the latter's album Go Cat Go!, and, in 1990, he played slide guitar on the title track of Dylan's Under the Red Sky album.[300] In 2001, he performed as a guest musician on Jeff Lynne and Electric Light Orchestra's comeback album Zoom, and on the song "Love Letters" for Bill Wyman's Rhythm Kings.[301] He also co-wrote a new song with his son Dhani, "Horse to the Water", which was recorded on 2 October, eight weeks before his death. It appeared on Jools Holland's album Small World, Big Band.[302]

Guitars

 
Harrison's Harptone L-6 acoustic guitar, which he played at the Concert for Bangladesh

When Harrison joined the Quarrymen in 1958, his main guitar was a Höfner President Acoustic, which he soon traded for a Höfner Club 40 model.[303] His first solid-body electric guitar was a Czech-built Jolana Futurama/Grazioso.[304] The guitars he used on early recordings were mainly Gretsch models, played through a Vox amplifier, including a Gretsch Duo Jet that he bought secondhand in 1961 and posed with on the album cover for Cloud Nine (1987).[305] He also bought a Gretsch Tennessean and a Gretsch Country Gentleman, which he played on "She Loves You", and during the Beatles' 1964 appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show.[306][307] In 1963, he bought a Rickenbacker 425 Fireglo, and in 1964 he acquired a Rickenbacker 360/12 guitar, which was the second of its kind to be manufactured.[308] Harrison obtained his first Fender Stratocaster in 1965 and first used it during the recording of the Help! album that February; he also used it when recording Rubber Soul later that year, most notably on the song "Nowhere Man".[309]

In early 1966, Harrison and Lennon each purchased Epiphone Casinos, which they used on Revolver.[310] Harrison also used a Gibson J-160E and a Gibson SG Standard while recording the album.[311] He later painted his Stratocaster in a psychedelic design that included the word "Bebopalula" above the pickguard and the guitar's nickname, "Rocky", on the headstock.[312] He played this guitar in the Magical Mystery Tour (1967) film and throughout his solo career.[313] In July 1968, Clapton gave him a Gibson Les Paul [314] that had been stripped of its original finish and stained cherry red, which Harrison nicknamed "Lucy".[315] Around this time, he obtained a Gibson Jumbo J-200 acoustic guitar,[316] which he subsequently gave to Dylan to use at the 1969 Isle of Wight Festival.[317] In late 1968, Fender Musical Instruments Corporation gave Harrison a custom-made Fender Telecaster Rosewood prototype, made especially for him by Philip Kubicki.[318][319][nb 22] In August 2017, Fender released a "Limited Edition George Harrison Rosewood Telecaster" modelled after a Telecaster that Roger Rossmeisl originally created for Harrison.[322]

Film production and HandMade films

Main article: HandMade Films

Harrison helped finance Ravi Shankar's documentary Raga and released it through Apple Films in 1971.[323] He also produced, with Apple manager Allen Klein, the Concert for Bangladesh film.[324] In 1973, he produced the feature film Little Malcolm,[325] but the project was lost amid the litigation surrounding the former Beatles ending their business ties with Klein.[326]

In 1973, Peter Sellers introduced Harrison to Denis O'Brien. Soon after, the two went into business together.[327] In 1978, to produce Monty Python's Life of Brian, they formed the film production and distribution company HandMade Films.[328] Their opportunity for investment came after EMI Films withdrew funding at the demand of their chief executive, Bernard Delfont.[329] Harrison financed the production of Life of Brian in part by mortgaging his home, which Idle later called "the most anybody's ever paid for a cinema ticket in history".[330][293] The film grossed $21 million at the box office in the US.[327] The first film distributed by HandMade Films was The Long Good Friday (1980), and the first they produced was Time Bandits (1981), a co-scripted project by Monty Python's Terry Gilliam and Michael Palin.[331] The film featured a new song by Harrison, "Dream Away", in the closing credits.[330][332] Time Bandits became one of HandMade's most successful and acclaimed efforts; with a budget of $5 million, it earned $35 million in the US within ten weeks of its release.[332]

Harrison served as executive producer for 23 films with HandMade, including A Private Function (1984), Mona Lisa (1986), Shanghai Surprise (1986), Withnail and I (1987) and How to Get Ahead in Advertising (1989).[324] He made cameo appearances in several of these films, including a role as a nightclub singer in Shanghai Surprise, for which he recorded five new songs.[333] According to Ian Inglis, "[Harrison's] executive role in HandMade Films helped to sustain British cinema at a time of crisis, producing some of the country's most memorable movies of the 1980s."[334] Following a series of box office bombs in the late 1980s, and excessive debt incurred by O'Brien which was guaranteed by Harrison, HandMade's financial situation became precarious.[335][336] The company ceased operations in 1991[330] and was sold three years later to Paragon Entertainment, a Canadian corporation.[337] Afterwards, Harrison sued O'Brien for $25 million for fraud and negligence, resulting in an $11.6 million judgement in 1996.[338][330]

Humanitarian work

 
George Harrison sculpture in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Harrison was involved in humanitarian and political activism throughout his life. In the 1960s, the Beatles supported the civil rights movement and protested against the Vietnam War. In early 1971, Ravi Shankar consulted Harrison about how to provide aid to the people of Bangladesh after the 1970 Bhola cyclone and the Bangladesh Liberation War.[339] Harrison hastily wrote and recorded the song "Bangla Desh", which became pop music's first charity single when issued by Apple Records in late July.[340][341] He also pushed Apple to release Shankar's Joi Bangla EP in an effort to raise further awareness for the cause.[108] Shankar asked for Harrison's advice about planning a small charity event in the US. Harrison responded by organising the Concert for Bangladesh, which raised more than $240,000.[342] Around $13.5 million was generated through the album and film releases,[343] although most of the funds were frozen in an Internal Revenue Service audit for ten years, due to Klein's failure to register the event as a UNICEF benefit beforehand.[344] In June 1972, UNICEF honoured Harrison and Shankar, and Klein, with the "Child Is the Father of Man" award at an annual ceremony in recognition of their fundraising efforts for Bangladesh.[345]

From 1980, Harrison became a vocal supporter of Greenpeace and CND.[346] He also protested against the use of nuclear energy with Friends of the Earth,[347][348] and helped finance Vole, a green magazine launched by Monty Python member Terry Jones.[349][nb 23] In 1990, he helped promote his wife Olivia's Romanian Angel Appeal[351] on behalf of the thousands of Romanian orphans left abandoned by the state following the fall of Communism in Eastern Europe.[352] Harrison recorded a benefit single, "Nobody's Child", with the Traveling Wilburys, and assembled a fundraising album with contributions from other artists including Clapton, Starr, Elton John, Stevie Wonder, Donovan and Van Morrison.[353][354]

The Concert for Bangladesh has been described as an innovative precursor for the large-scale charity rock shows that followed, including Live Aid.[355] The George Harrison Humanitarian Fund for UNICEF, a joint effort between the Harrison family and the US Fund for UNICEF, aims to support programmes that help children caught in humanitarian emergencies.[356] In December 2007, they donated $450,000 to help the victims of Cyclone Sidr in Bangladesh.[356] On 13 October 2009, the first George Harrison Humanitarian Award went to Ravi Shankar for his efforts in saving the lives of children, and his involvement with the Concert for Bangladesh.[357]

Personal life

Hinduism

 
Harrison, with Hare Krishna devotees Shyamasundar Das and Mukunda Goswami, in Vrindavan, India, in 1996

By the mid-1960s, Harrison had become an admirer of Indian culture and mysticism, introducing it to the other Beatles.[358] During the filming of Help! in the Bahamas, they met the founder of Sivananda Yoga, Swami Vishnu-devananda, who gave each of them a signed copy of his book, The Complete Illustrated Book of Yoga.[359] Between the end of the last Beatles tour in 1966 and the beginning of the Sgt Pepper recording sessions, he made a pilgrimage to India with his first wife, Pattie Boyd; there, he studied sitar with Ravi Shankar, met several gurus, and visited various holy places.[360] In 1968, he travelled with the other Beatles to Rishikesh in northern India to study meditation with Maharishi Mahesh Yogi.[360][nb 24]

Harrison's experiences with LSD in the mid-1960s served as a catalyst for his early pursuance of Hinduism. In a 1977 interview, George recalled:

For me, it was like a flash. The first time I had acid, it just opened up something in my head that was inside of me, and I realized a lot of things. I didn't learn them because I already knew them, but that happened to be the key that opened the door to reveal them. From the moment I had that, I wanted to have it all the time – these thoughts about the yogis and the Himalayas, and Ravi's music.[138]

However, Harrison stopped using LSD after a disenchanting experience in San Francisco's Haight-Ashbury neighborhood. He recounted in The Beatles Anthology:

That was the turning point for me – that’s when I went right off the whole drug cult and stopped taking the dreaded lysergic acid. I had some in a little bottle – it was liquid. I put it under a microscope, and it looked like bits of old rope. I thought that I couldn’t put that into my brain any more.[362]

In line with the Hindu yoga tradition, Harrison became a vegetarian in the late 1960s.[363] After being given various religious texts by Shankar in 1966, he remained a lifelong advocate of the teachings of Swami Vivekananda and Paramahansa Yogananda – yogis and authors, respectively, of Raja Yoga and Autobiography of a Yogi.[364] In mid-1969, he produced the single "Hare Krishna Mantra", performed by members of the London Radha Krishna Temple.[365] Having also helped the Temple devotees become established in Britain, Harrison then met their leader, A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, whom he described as "my friend ... my master" and "a perfect example of everything he preached".[366] Harrison embraced the Hare Krishna tradition, particularly japa-yoga chanting with beads, and became a lifelong devotee.[365] In 1972 he donated his Letchmore Heath mansion north of London to the devotees. It was later converted to a temple and renamed Bhaktivedanta Manor.[367]

Regarding other faiths, he once remarked: "All religions are branches of one big tree. It doesn't matter what you call Him just as long as you call."[368] He commented on his beliefs:

Krishna actually was in a body as a person ... What makes it complicated is, if he's God, what's he doing fighting on a battlefield? It took me ages to try to figure that out, and again it was Yogananda's spiritual interpretation of the Bhagavad Gita that made me realise what it was. Our idea of Krishna and Arjuna on the battlefield in the chariot. So this is the point – that we're in these bodies, which is like a kind of chariot, and we're going through this incarnation, this life, which is kind of a battlefield. The senses of the body ... are the horses pulling the chariot, and we have to get control over the chariot by getting control over the reins. And Arjuna in the end says, "Please Krishna, you drive the chariot" because unless we bring Christ or Krishna or Buddha or whichever of our spiritual guides ... we're going to crash our chariot, and we're going to turn over, and we're going to get killed in the battlefield. That's why we say "Hare Krishna, Hare Krishna", asking Krishna to come and take over the chariot.[369]

Inglis comments that "Harrison's spiritual journey was seen as a serious and important development that reflected popular music's increasing maturity ... what he, and the Beatles, had managed to overturn was the paternalistic assumption that popular musicians had no role other than to stand on stage and sing their hit songs."[370]

Family and interests

 
Harrison and Pattie Boyd lived in Kinfauns in Surrey from 1964 to 1970

Harrison married model Pattie Boyd on 21 January 1966, with McCartney serving as best man.[371] Harrison and Boyd had met, on set in 1964 during the production of the film A Hard Day's Night, in which the 19-year-old Boyd had been cast as a schoolgirl, during lunch, George 'playfully' proposed to her.[372][373] They separated in 1974 and their divorce was finalised in 1977.[374] Boyd said her decision to end the marriage was due largely to George's repeated infidelities. The last infidelity culminated in an affair with Ringo's wife Maureen, which Boyd called "the final straw".[375] She characterised the last year of their marriage as "fuelled by alcohol and cocaine", and she stated: "George used coke excessively, and I think it changed him ... it froze his emotions and hardened his heart."[376] She subsequently moved in with Eric Clapton, and they married in 1979.[377][nb 25]

On 2 September 1978, Harrison married Olivia Trinidad Arias, who was a marketing executive for A&M Records, and later Dark Horse Records.[379] As Dark Horse was a subsidiary of A&M,[380] the couple had first met over the phone working on record company business,[381] and then in person at the A&M Records offices in Los Angeles in 1974.[382] Together they had one son, Dhani Harrison, born on 1 August 1978.[383]

Harrison restored the English manor house and grounds of Friar Park, his home in Henley-on-Thames, where several of his music videos, including "Crackerbox Palace", were filmed; the grounds also served as the background for the cover of All Things Must Pass.[384][nb 26] He employed ten workers to maintain the 36-acre (15 ha) garden.[388] Harrison commented on gardening as a form of escapism: "Sometimes I feel like I'm actually on the wrong planet, and it's great when I'm in my garden, but the minute I go out the gate I think: 'What the hell am I doing here?'"[389] His autobiography, I, Me, Mine, is dedicated "to gardeners everywhere".[390] The former Beatles publicist Derek Taylor helped Harrison write the book, which said little about the Beatles, focusing instead on Harrison's hobbies, music and lyrics.[391] Taylor commented: "George is not disowning the Beatles ... but it was a long time ago and actually a short part of his life."[392]

Harrison had an interest in sports cars and motor racing; he was one of the 100 people who purchased the McLaren F1 road car.[393] He had collected photos of racing drivers and their cars since he was young; at 12, he had attended his first race, the 1955 British Grand Prix at Aintree.[393][394] He wrote "Faster" as a tribute to the Formula One racing drivers Jackie Stewart and Ronnie Peterson. Proceeds from its release went to the Gunnar Nilsson cancer charity, set up after the Swedish driver's death from the disease in 1978.[395] Harrison's first extravagant car, a 1964 Aston Martin DB5, was sold at auction on 7 December 2011 in London. An anonymous Beatles collector paid £350,000 for the vehicle that Harrison had bought new in January 1965.[396]

Relationships with the other Beatles

 
Lennon, McCartney, Harrison and Starr on arrival in New York City at the height of Beatlemania, February 1964

For most of the Beatles' career, the relationships in the group were close. According to Hunter Davies, "the Beatles spent their lives not living a communal life, but communally living the same life. They were each other's greatest friends." Harrison's ex-wife Pattie Boyd described how the Beatles "all belonged to each other" and admitted, "George has a lot with the others that I can never know about. Nobody, not even the wives, can break through or even comprehend it."[397] Starr said, "We really looked out for each other and we had so many laughs together. In the old days we'd have the biggest hotel suites, the whole floor of the hotel, and the four of us would end up in the bathroom, just to be with each other." He added, "there were some really loving, caring moments between four people: a hotel room here and there – a really amazing closeness. Just four guys who loved each other. It was pretty sensational."[398]

Lennon stated that his relationship with Harrison was "one of young follower and older guy ... [he] was like a disciple of mine when we started."[399] The two later bonded over their LSD experiences, finding common ground as seekers of spirituality. They took radically different paths thereafter, with, according to biographer Gary Tillery, Harrison finding God and Lennon coming to the conclusion that people are the creators of their own lives.[400] In 1974, Harrison said of his former bandmate: "John Lennon is a saint and he's heavy-duty, and he's great and I love him. But at the same time, he's such a bastard – but that's the great thing about him, you see?"[401]

Harrison and McCartney were the first of the Beatles to meet, having shared a school bus, and often learned and rehearsed new guitar chords together.[402] McCartney said that he and Harrison usually shared a bedroom while touring.[403] McCartney has referred to Harrison as his "baby brother".[404] In a 1974 BBC radio interview with Alan Freeman, Harrison stated: "[McCartney] ruined me as a guitar player". In the same interview, however, Harrison stated that "I just know that whatever we've been through, there's always been something that's tied us together.[405] Perhaps the most significant obstacle to a Beatles reunion after the death of Lennon was Harrison and McCartney's personal relationship, as both men admitted that they often got on each other's nerves.[406] Rodriguez commented: "Even to the end of George's days, theirs was a volatile relationship".[407] When, in a Yahoo! online chat in February 2001, he was asked if Paul "[pisses] you off", Harrison replied "Scan not a friend with a microscopic glass -- You know his faults -- Then let his foibles pass. Old Victorian Proverb. I'm sure there's enough about me that pisses him off, but I think we have now grown old enough to realize that we're both pretty damn cute!"[408]

Legacy

Main article: List of awards and nominations received by George Harrison
 
Close-up of Harrison from the Beatles statue at Pier Head, Liverpool

In June 1965, Harrison and the other Beatles were appointed Members of the Order of the British Empire (MBE).[409] They received their insignia from the Queen at an investiture at Buckingham Palace on 26 October.[410] In 1971, the Beatles received an Academy Award for the best Original Song Score for the film Let It Be.[411] The minor planet 4149 Harrison, discovered in 1984, was named after him,[412] as was a variety of Dahlia flower.[413] In December 1992, he became the first recipient of the Billboard Century Award, an honour presented to music artists for significant bodies of work.[414] The award recognised Harrison's "critical role in laying the groundwork for the modern concept of world music" and for his having "advanced society's comprehension of the spiritual and altruistic power of popular music".[415] Rolling Stone magazine ranked him number 11 in their list of the "100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time". He is also in number 65 in the list of "100 greatest songwriters of all time" by the same magazine.[416]

In 2002, on the first anniversary of his death, the Concert for George was held at the Royal Albert Hall. Eric Clapton organised the event, which included performances by many of Harrison's friends and musical collaborators, including McCartney and Starr.[417] Eric Idle, who described Harrison as "one of the few morally good people that rock and roll has produced", was among the performers of Monty Python's "Lumberjack Song".[418] The profits from the concert went to Harrison's charity, the Material World Charitable Foundation.[417]

 
"George Harrison" Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in Los Angeles

In 2004, Harrison was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a solo artist by his former bandmates Lynne and Petty, and into the Madison Square Garden Walk of Fame in 2006 for the Concert for Bangladesh.[419] On 14 April 2009, the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce awarded Harrison a star on the Walk of Fame in front of the Capitol Records Building. McCartney, Lynne and Petty were present when the star was unveiled. Harrison's widow Olivia, the actor Tom Hanks and Idle made speeches at the ceremony, and Harrison's son Dhani spoke the Hare Krishna mantra.[420]

A documentary film titled George Harrison: Living in the Material World, directed by Martin Scorsese, was released in October 2011. The film features interviews with Olivia and Dhani Harrison, Klaus Voormann, Terry Gilliam, Starr, Clapton, McCartney, Keltner and Astrid Kirchherr.[421]

Harrison was posthumously honoured with The Recording Academy's Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award at the Grammy Awards in February 2015.[422][423]

Discography

Main articles: George Harrison discography and List of songs recorded by George Harrison
See also: The Beatles discography and Traveling Wilburys § Discography

See also

Explanatory notes

  1. ^ Some published sources give Harold as Harrison's middle name;[1] others dispute that,[like whom?] based on the absence of any middle name on his birth certificate.
  2. ^ a b Author Barry Miles writes Harrison was born at 11:42 pm on 24 February.[6] Author Mark Lewisohn writes it was 12:10 am on 25 February, with that date provided on both Harrison's birth and baptism certificates.[7] Harrison recognised the 25th as his birthday for most of his life before stating in a 1992 Billboard article that he recently learned it was the 24th.[8][9]
  3. ^ Harrison also contributed the songs "If I Needed Someone" and "Think for Yourself" to Rubber Soul.[50]
  4. ^ The Self-Realization Fellowship gurus Mahavatar Babaji, Lahiri Mahasaya, Sri Yukteswar and Paramahansa Yogananda appear on the Sgt Pepper cover at his request.[59]
  5. ^ Further examples of Indian instrumentation from Harrison during his Beatles years include his tambura parts on McCartney's "Getting Better" (1967) and Lennon's "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds" (1967), and sitar and tambura on Lennon's "Across the Universe" (1968).[62]
  6. ^ Harrison received an Ivor Novello award in July 1970 for "Something", as "The Best Song Musically and Lyrically of the Year".[78]
  7. ^ In July 2006, it was determined that All Things Must Pass should have been credited as a number one album in the United Kingdom when first released in 1970–71. Because some sales were not properly counted, the album originally peaked at number four in Britain.[92]
  8. ^ Early in the sessions, Clapton, Whitlock, Gordon and Carl Radle formed the short-lived band Derek and the Dominos.[96]
  9. ^ In November 1971 Harrison appeared on The Dick Cavett Show, performing "Two-Faced Man" with Gary Wright.[106] In his subsequent interview with Cavett, he used the opportunity to complain about Capitol's delay in releasing the live album and seeking a percentage of the funds intended for the Bangladeshi refugees.[107]
  10. ^ In December 1974 the single, "Ding Dong, Ding Dong", reached number 38 in the UK.[93]
  11. ^ Released during the same month, The Best of George Harrison combined several of his Beatles songs with a selection of his solo Apple work.[133] After Harrison's departure from the label, Capitol was able to license releases featuring Beatles and post-Beatles work on the same album.[134]
  12. ^ Their estrangement had been marked by Harrison's longstanding dislike of Lennon's wife Yoko Ono, his refusal to allow her to participate in the Concert for Bangladesh, and, during the last year of Lennon's life, by Harrison's scant mention of Lennon in his autobiography, I, Me, Mine.[146]
  13. ^ Harrison's set included "That's Alright Mama", "Glad All Over" and "Blue Suede Shoes".[153]
  14. ^ In 1992, Dark Horse Records released an album of recorded material from the shows titled Live in Japan.[177]
  15. ^ Abram, who believed he was possessed by Harrison and that he was on a mission from God to kill him,[196][197] was later acquitted of attempted murder on grounds of insanity and was detained for treatment in a secure mental hospital. He was released in 2002.[198]
  16. ^ Harrison's estate complained that during a round of experimental radiotherapy at Staten Island University Hospital, the oncologist Dr Gilbert Lederman repeatedly revealed Harrison's confidential medical information during television interviews and forced him to autograph a guitar.[204][205][206][207] The suit was ultimately settled out of court under the condition that the guitar be "disposed of".[208]
  17. ^ Another of his last messages was to actor and comedian Mike Myers on the set of Austin Powers in Goldmember. Harrison thanked Myers for the Austin Powers films and said that he had searched throughout Europe before finding his bedside companion, a Dr. Evil doll.[214]
  18. ^ Within this framework he often used syncopation, as during his guitar solos for the Beatles' covers of Berry's "Roll Over Beethoven" and "Too Much Monkey Business".[231]
  19. ^ Roger McGuinn liked the effect so much that it became his signature guitar sound with the Byrds.[234]
  20. ^ Harrison was influential in the decision to have Shankar included on the bill at the Monterey Pop Festival in 1967, and at Woodstock in 1969.[258]
  21. ^ Musician David Bromberg introduced Harrison to the dobro, an instrument that soon became one of his favourites.[289]
  22. ^ Harrison subsequently gave the Rosewood Telecaster to Delaney Bramlett during the 1969 Delaney & Bonnie tour.[320] He similarly gifted his Gibson SG to Pete Ham of Badfinger.[321]
  23. ^ In 1985, Harrison contributed a new version of his Somewhere in England track "Save the World" to the fundraising compilation Greenpeace – The Album.[350]
  24. ^ Harrison credited English sculptor David Wynne as the person who first recommended the Mararishi as a "remarkable" yogi, after which the Beatles attended a lecture he gave in London in August 1967.[361]
  25. ^ Harrison had formed a close friendship with Clapton in the late 1960s; he wrote one of his compositions for the Abbey Road album, "Here Comes the Sun", in Clapton's back garden, and he played guitar on Cream's song "Badge", which he co-wrote with Clapton.[378]
  26. ^ The house had once belonged to the Victorian eccentric Sir Frank Crisp. Purchased in 1970, it is the basis for the song "Ballad of Sir Frankie Crisp (Let It Roll)".[385] Harrison also owned homes on Hamilton Island, Australia,[386] and in Nahiku, Hawaii.[387]

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  233. ^ Babiuk 2002, p. 120: "secret weapon"; Leng 2006, p. 14: Harrison helped to popularise the model.
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  236. ^ Everett 1999, pp. 47, 49–51.
  237. ^ Everett 1999, p. 58: "I Want to Tell You"; Lavezzoli 2006, pp. 179–180: Harrison's guitar part for "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds",
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  245. ^ a b Leng 2006, p. 109.
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  248. ^ Leng 2006, p. 279.
  249. ^ Huntley 2006, pp. 149, 232.
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  281. ^ Harry 2003, pp. 162–163: Dylan, 121–125: Eric Clapton, 303–304: Billy Preston, 381–382: Doris Troy, 41: David Bromberg, 171: Ronnie Wood, 395: Gary Wright, 257–258: Jeff Lynne, 295–296: Tom Petty.
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Further reading

Documentaries

  • Scorsese, Martin (2012). George Harrison: Living in the Material World (Anamorphic, Color, Dolby, NTSC, Surround Sound, Widescreen) (DVD). UMe. ASIN B007JWKLMO.

External links

 
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February 25, 2023
george, harrison, this, article, about, musician, other, people, named, disambiguation, february, 1943, november, 2001, english, musician, singer, songwriter, achieved, international, fame, lead, guitarist, beatles, sometimes, called, quiet, beatle, harrison, . This article is about the musician For other people named George Harrison see George Harrison disambiguation George Harrison nb 1 MBE 25 February 1943 29 November 2001 nb 2 was an English musician and singer songwriter who achieved international fame as the lead guitarist of the Beatles Sometimes called the quiet Beatle Harrison embraced Indian culture and helped broaden the scope of popular music through his incorporation of Indian instrumentation and Hindu aligned spirituality in the Beatles work 2 Although the majority of the band s songs were written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney most Beatles albums from 1965 onwards contained at least two Harrison compositions His songs for the group include Taxman Within You Without You While My Guitar Gently Weeps Here Comes the Sun and Something Harrison s earliest musical influences included George Formby and Django Reinhardt subsequent influences were Carl Perkins Chet Atkins and Chuck Berry George HarrisonMBEHarrison at the White House in 1974Born 1943 02 25 25 February 1943Liverpool EnglandDied29 November 2001 2001 11 29 aged 58 Los Angeles California USOccupationsMusiciansinger songwritermusic and film producerYears active1958 2001SpousesPattie Boyd m 1966 div 1977 wbr Olivia Arias m 1978 wbr ChildrenDhaniMusical careerGenresRockpopIndian classicalInstrumentsGuitarvocalssitarLabelsParlophoneCapitolSwanAppleVee JayDark HorseGnomeFormerly ofThe Quarrymenthe BeatlesPlastic Ono BandDelaney amp Bonnie and FriendsTraveling WilburysWebsitegeorgeharrison wbr comSignatureBy 1965 he had begun to lead the Beatles into folk rock through his interest in Bob Dylan and the Byrds and towards Indian classical music through his use of Indian instruments such as sitar which he had become acquainted with on the set of the movie Help 3 He played the sitar on numerous Beatles songs starting with Norwegian Wood This Bird Has Flown Having initiated the band s embracing of Transcendental Meditation in 1967 he subsequently developed an association with the Hare Krishna movement After the band s break up in 1970 Harrison released the triple album All Things Must Pass a critically acclaimed work that produced his most successful hit single My Sweet Lord and introduced his signature sound as a solo artist the slide guitar He also organised the 1971 Concert for Bangladesh with Indian musician Ravi Shankar a precursor to later benefit concerts such as Live Aid In his role as a music and film producer Harrison produced acts signed to the Beatles Apple record label before founding Dark Horse Records in 1974 he co founded HandMade Films in 1978 initially to produce the Monty Python troupe s comedy film The Life of Brian 1979 Harrison released several best selling singles and albums as a solo performer In 1988 he co founded the platinum selling supergroup the Traveling Wilburys A prolific recording artist he was featured as a guest guitarist on tracks by Badfinger Ronnie Wood and Billy Preston and collaborated on songs and music with Dylan Eric Clapton Ringo Starr and Tom Petty among others Rolling Stone magazine ranked him number 11 in their list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time He is a two time Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductee as a member of the Beatles in 1988 and posthumously for his solo career in 2004 4 Harrison s first marriage to model Pattie Boyd in 1966 ended in divorce in 1977 The following year he married Olivia Arias with whom he had a son Dhani Harrison died from lung cancer in 2001 at the age of 58 two years after surviving a knife attack by an intruder at his home Friar Park His remains were cremated and the ashes were scattered according to Hindu tradition in a private ceremony in the Ganges and Yamuna rivers in India He left an estate of almost 100 million Contents 1 Early years 1943 1958 2 The Beatles 1958 1970 3 Solo career 1968 1987 3 1 Early solo work 1968 1969 3 2 All Things Must Pass 1970 3 3 The Concert for Bangladesh 1971 3 4 Living in the Material World to George Harrison 1973 1979 3 5 Somewhere in England to Cloud Nine 1980 1987 4 Later career 1988 1996 4 1 The Traveling Wilburys and return to touring 1988 1992 4 2 The Beatles Anthology 1994 1996 5 Later life and death 1997 2001 6 Musicianship 6 1 Guitar work 6 2 Sitar and Indian music 6 3 Songwriting 6 4 Collaborations 6 5 Guitars 7 Film production and HandMade films 8 Humanitarian work 9 Personal life 9 1 Hinduism 9 2 Family and interests 9 3 Relationships with the other Beatles 10 Legacy 11 Discography 12 See also 13 Explanatory notes 14 References 14 1 Citations 14 2 General and cited sources 15 Further reading 15 1 Documentaries 16 External linksEarly years 1943 1958 Harrison s place of birth and first home 12 Arnold Grove Harrison was born at 12 Arnold Grove in Wavertree Liverpool on 25 February 1943 5 nb 2 He was the youngest of four children of Harold Hargreaves or Hargrove Harrison 1909 1978 and Louise nee French 10 1911 1970 Harold was a bus conductor who had worked as a ship s steward on the White Star Line 11 and Louise was a shop assistant of Irish Catholic descent 6 He had one sister Louise 16 August 1931 29 January 2023 and two brothers Harold born 1934 and Peter 20 July 1940 1 June 2007 12 13 According to Boyd Harrison s mother was particularly supportive All she wanted for her children is that they should be happy and she recognised that nothing made George quite as happy as making music 14 Louise was an enthusiastic music fan and she was known among friends for her loud singing voice which at times startled visitors by rattling the Harrisons windows 15 When Louise was pregnant with George she often listened to the weekly broadcast Radio India Harrison s biographer Joshua Greene wrote Every Sunday she tuned in to mystical sounds evoked by sitars and tablas hoping that the exotic music would bring peace and calm to the baby in the womb 16 Harrison lived the first four years of his life at 12 Arnold Grove a terraced house on a cul de sac 17 The home had an outdoor toilet and its only heat came from a single coal fire In 1949 the family was offered a council house and moved to 25 Upton Green Speke 18 In 1948 at the age of five Harrison enrolled at Dovedale Primary School 19 He passed the eleven plus exam and attended Liverpool Institute High School for Boys from 1954 to 1959 20 21 Though the institute did offer a music course Harrison was disappointed with the absence of guitars and felt the school moulded students into being frightened 22 Harrison s earliest musical influences included George Formby Cab Calloway Django Reinhardt and Hoagy Carmichael 23 by the 1950s Carl Perkins and Lonnie Donegan were significant influences 24 In early 1956 he had an epiphany while riding his bicycle he heard Elvis Presley s Heartbreak Hotel playing from a nearby house and the song piqued his interest in rock and roll 25 He often sat at the back of the class drawing guitars in his schoolbooks and later commented I was totally into guitars 26 Harrison cited Slim Whitman as another early influence The first person I ever saw playing a guitar was Slim Whitman either a photo of him in a magazine or live on television Guitars were definitely coming in 27 At first Harold Harrison was apprehensive about his son s interest in pursuing a music career However in 1956 he bought George a Dutch Egmond flat top acoustic guitar which according to Harold cost 3 10s equivalent to 90 in 2023 28 29 30 One of his father s friends taught Harrison how to play Whispering Sweet Sue and Dinah Inspired by Donegan s music Harrison formed a skiffle group the Rebels with his brother Peter and a friend Arthur Kelly 31 On the bus to school Harrison met Paul McCartney who also attended the Liverpool Institute and the pair bonded over their shared love of music 32 The Beatles 1958 1970Main article The Beatles McCartney and his friend John Lennon were in a skiffle group called the Quarrymen In March 1958 at McCartney s urging Harrison auditioned for the Quarrymen at Rory Storm s Morgue Skiffle Club playing Arthur Guitar Boogie Smith s Guitar Boogie Shuffle but Lennon felt that Harrison having just turned 15 was too young to join the band 33 McCartney arranged a second meeting on the upper deck of a Liverpool bus during which Harrison impressed Lennon by performing the lead guitar part for the instrumental Raunchy 34 He began socialising with the group filling in on guitar as needed 35 and then became accepted as a member 36 Although his father wanted him to continue his education Harrison left school at 16 and worked for several months as an apprentice electrician at Blacklers a local department store 37 During the group s first tour of Scotland in 1960 Harrison used the pseudonym Carl Harrison in reference to Carl Perkins 38 Harrison at a Beatles press conference in Amsterdam in 1964 In 1960 promoter Allan Williams arranged for the band now calling themselves the Beatles to play at the Indra and Kaiserkeller clubs in Hamburg both owned by Bruno Koschmider 39 Their first residency in Hamburg ended prematurely when Harrison was deported for being too young to work in nightclubs 40 When Brian Epstein became their manager in December 1961 he polished up their image and later secured them a recording contract with EMI 41 The group s first single Love Me Do peaked at number 17 on the Record Retailer chart and by the time their debut album Please Please Me was released in early 1963 Beatlemania had arrived 42 Often serious and focused while on stage with the band Harrison was known as the quiet Beatle 43 44 That moniker arose when the Beatles arrived in the United States in early 1964 and Harrison was ill with a case of Strep throat and a fever and was medically advised to limit speaking as much as possible until he performed on The Ed Sullivan Show as scheduled As such the press noticed Harrison s apparent laconic nature in public appearances on that tour and the subsequent nickname stuck much to Harrison s amusement 45 He had two lead vocal credits on the LP including the Lennon McCartney song Do You Want to Know a Secret and three on their second album With the Beatles 1963 46 The latter included Don t Bother Me Harrison s first solo writing credit 47 Harrison left and Ringo Starr right performing at the King s Hall in Belfast 1964 Harrison served as the Beatles scout for new American releases being especially knowledgeable about soul music 48 By 1965 s Rubber Soul he had begun to lead the other Beatles into folk rock through his interest in the Byrds and Bob Dylan and towards Indian classical music through his use of the sitar on Norwegian Wood This Bird Has Flown 49 nb 3 He later called Rubber Soul his favourite Beatles album 51 Revolver 1966 included three of his compositions Taxman selected as the album s opening track Love You To and I Want to Tell You 52 His drone like tambura part on Lennon s Tomorrow Never Knows exemplified the band s ongoing exploration of non Western instruments 53 while the sitar and tabla based Love You To represented the Beatles first genuine foray into Indian music 54 According to the ethnomusicologist David Reck the latter song set a precedent in popular music as an example of Asian culture being represented by Westerners respectfully and without parody 55 Author Nicholas Schaffner wrote in 1978 that following Harrison s increased association with the sitar after Norwegian Wood he became known as the maharaja of raga rock 56 Harrison continued to develop his interest in non Western instrumentation playing swarmandal on Strawberry Fields Forever 57 By late 1966 Harrison s interests had moved away from the Beatles This was reflected in his choice of Eastern gurus and religious leaders for inclusion on the album cover for Sgt Pepper s Lonely Hearts Club Band in 1967 58 nb 4 His sole composition on the album was the Indian inspired Within You Without You to which no other Beatle contributed 60 He played sitar and tambura on the track backed by musicians from the London Asian Music Circle on dilruba swarmandal and tabla 61 nb 5 He later commented on the Sgt Pepper album It was a millstone and a milestone in the music industry There s about half the songs I like and the other half I can t stand 63 The Beatles in 1967 In January 1968 he recorded the basic track for his song The Inner Light at EMI s studio in Bombay using a group of local musicians playing traditional Indian instruments 64 Released as the B side to McCartney s Lady Madonna it was the first Harrison composition to appear on a Beatles single 64 Derived from a quotation from the Tao Te Ching the song s lyric reflected Harrison s deepening interest in Hinduism and meditation 65 During the recording of The Beatles that same year tensions within the group ran high and drummer Ringo Starr quit briefly 66 Harrison s four songwriting contributions to the double album included While My Guitar Gently Weeps which featured Eric Clapton on lead guitar and the horn driven Savoy Truffle 67 Dylan and the Band were a major musical influence on Harrison at the end of his career with the Beatles 68 While on a visit to Woodstock in late 1968 he established a friendship with Dylan and found himself drawn to the Band s sense of communal music making and to the creative equality among the band members which contrasted with Lennon and McCartney s domination of the Beatles songwriting and creative direction This coincided with a prolific period in his songwriting and a growing desire to assert his independence from the Beatles 69 Tensions among the group surfaced again in January 1969 at Twickenham Studios during the filmed rehearsals that became the 1970 documentary Let It Be 69 Frustrated by the cold and sterile film studio by Lennon s creative disengagement from the Beatles and by what he perceived as a domineering attitude from McCartney Harrison quit the group on 10 January He returned 12 days later after his bandmates had agreed to move the film project to their own Apple Studio and to abandon McCartney s plan for making a return to public performance 70 Relations among the Beatles were more cordial though still strained when the band recorded their 1969 album Abbey Road 71 The LP included what Lavezzoli describes as two classic contributions from Harrison Here Comes the Sun and Something that saw him finally achieve equal songwriting status with Lennon and McCartney 72 During the album s recording Harrison asserted more creative control than before rejecting suggestions for changes to his music particularly from McCartney 73 Something became his first A side when issued on a double A side single with Come Together the song was number one in Canada Australia New Zealand and West Germany 74 and the combined sides topped the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the United States 75 In the 1970s Frank Sinatra recorded Something twice 1970 and 1979 and later dubbed it the greatest love song of the past fifty years 76 Lennon considered it the best song on Abbey Road and it became the Beatles second most covered song after Yesterday 77 nb 6 In May 1970 Harrison s song For You Blue was coupled on a US single with McCartney s The Long and Winding Road and became Harrison s second chart topper when the sides were listed together at number one on the Hot 100 79 His increased productivity meant that by the time of their break up he had amassed a stockpile of unreleased compositions 80 While Harrison grew as a songwriter his compositional presence on Beatles albums remained limited to two or three songs increasing his frustration and significantly contributing to the band s break up 81 Harrison s last recording session with the Beatles was on 4 January 1970 when he McCartney and Starr recorded his song I Me Mine for the Let It Be soundtrack album 82 Solo career 1968 1987Early solo work 1968 1969 Trade ad for Wonderwall Music Before the Beatles break up Harrison had already recorded and released two solo albums Wonderwall Music and Electronic Sound both of which contain mainly instrumental compositions Wonderwall Music a soundtrack to the 1968 film Wonderwall blends Indian and Western instrumentation while Electronic Sound is an experimental album that prominently features a Moog synthesizer 83 Released in November 1968 Wonderwall Music was the first solo album by a Beatle and the first LP released by Apple Records 84 Indian musicians Aashish Khan and Shivkumar Sharma performed on the album which contains the experimental sound collage Dream Scene recorded several months before Lennon s Revolution 9 85 In December 1969 Harrison participated in a brief tour of Europe with the American group Delaney amp Bonnie and Friends 86 During the tour that included Clapton Bobby Whitlock drummer Jim Gordon and band leaders Delaney and Bonnie Bramlett Harrison began to play slide guitar and also began to write My Sweet Lord which became his first single as a solo artist 87 All Things Must Pass 1970 Main article All Things Must Pass For many years Harrison was restricted in his songwriting contributions to the Beatles albums but he released All Things Must Pass a triple album 88 with two discs of his songs and the third of recordings of Harrison jamming with friends 80 89 The album was regarded by many as his best work and it topped the charts on both sides of the Atlantic 90 91 nb 7 The LP produced the number one hit single My Sweet Lord and the top ten single What Is Life 93 The album was co produced by Phil Spector using his Wall of Sound approach 94 and the musicians included Starr Clapton Gary Wright Billy Preston Klaus Voormann the whole of Delaney and Bonnie s Friends band and the Apple group Badfinger 80 95 nb 8 On release All Things Must Pass was received with critical acclaim 97 Ben Gerson of Rolling Stone described it as being of classic Spectorian proportions Wagnerian Brucknerian the music of mountain tops and vast horizons 98 Author and musicologist Ian Inglis considers the lyrics of the album s title track a recognition of the impermanence of human existence a simple and poignant conclusion to Harrison s former band 99 In 1971 Bright Tunes sued Harrison for copyright infringement over My Sweet Lord owing to its similarity to the 1963 Chiffons hit He s So Fine 100 When the case was heard in the United States district court in 1976 he denied deliberately plagiarising the song but lost the case as the judge ruled that he had done so subconsciously 101 In 2000 Apple Records released a thirtieth anniversary edition of the album and Harrison actively participated in its promotion In an interview he reflected on the work It s just something that was like my continuation from the Beatles really It was me sort of getting out of the Beatles and just going my own way it was a very happy occasion 102 He commented on the production Well in those days it was like the reverb was kind of used a bit more than what I would do now In fact I don t use reverb at all I can t stand it You know it s hard to go back to anything thirty years later and expect it to be how you would want it now 103 The Concert for Bangladesh 1971 Main article The Concert for Bangladesh Trade ad for Harrison s Bangla Desh single Harrison responded to a request from Ravi Shankar by organising a charity event the Concert for Bangladesh which took place on 1 August 1971 The event drew over 40 000 people to two shows in New York s Madison Square Garden 104 The goal of the event was to raise money to aid starving refugees during the Bangladesh Liberation War 105 Shankar opened the show which featured popular musicians such as Dylan Clapton Leon Russell Badfinger Preston and Starr 105 A triple album The Concert for Bangladesh was released by Apple in December followed by a concert film in 1972 nb 9 Credited to George Harrison and Friends the album topped the UK chart and peaked at number 2 in the US 108 and went on to win the Grammy Award for Album of the Year 109 Tax troubles and questionable expenses later tied up many of the proceeds but Harrison commented Mainly the concert was to attract attention to the situation The money we raised was secondary and although we had some money problems they still got plenty even though it was a drop in the ocean The main thing was we spread the word and helped get the war ended 110 Living in the Material World to George Harrison 1973 1979 Harrison s 1973 album Living in the Material World held the number one spot on the Billboard albums chart for five weeks and the album s single Give Me Love Give Me Peace on Earth also reached number one in the US 111 In the UK the LP peaked at number two and the single reached number 8 93 The album was lavishly produced and packaged and its dominant message was Harrison s Hindu beliefs 112 In Greene s opinion it contained many of the strongest compositions of his career 113 Stephen Holden writing in Rolling Stone felt the album was vastly appealing and profoundly seductive and that it stood alone as an article of faith miraculous in its radiance 114 Other reviewers were less enthusiastic describing the release as awkward sanctimonious and overly sentimental 115 In November 1974 Harrison became the first ex Beatle to tour North America when he began his 45 date Dark Horse Tour 116 The shows included guest spots by his band members Billy Preston and Tom Scott and traditional and contemporary Indian music performed by Ravi Shankar Family and Friends 117 Despite numerous positive reviews the consensus reaction to the tour was negative 118 Some fans found Shankar s significant presence to be a bizarre disappointment and many were affronted by what Inglis described as Harrison s sermonizing 119 Further he reworked the lyrics to several Beatles songs 119 and his laryngitis affected vocals led to some critics calling the tour dark hoarse 120 The author Robert Rodriguez commented While the Dark Horse tour might be considered a noble failure there were a number of fans who were tuned in to what was being attempted They went away ecstatic conscious that they had just witnessed something so uplifting that it could never be repeated 121 Simon Leng called the tour groundbreaking and revolutionary in its presentation of Indian Music 122 In December Harrison released Dark Horse which was an album that earned him the least favourable reviews of his career 123 Rolling Stone called it the chronicle of a performer out of his element working to a deadline enfeebling his overtaxed talents by a rush to deliver a new LP product rehearse a band and assemble a cross country tour all within three weeks 124 The album reached number 4 on the Billboard chart and the single Dark Horse reached number 15 but they failed to make an impact in the UK 125 nb 10 The music critic Mikal Gilmore described Dark Horse as one of Harrison s most fascinating works a record about change and loss 126 Harrison leaving the Hilton Hotel in Amsterdam and signing an album for a fan February 1977 Harrison s final studio album for EMI and Apple Records the soul music inspired Extra Texture Read All About It 1975 127 peaked at number 8 on the Billboard chart and number 16 in the UK 128 Harrison considered it the least satisfactory of the three albums he had recorded since All Things Must Pass 129 Leng identified bitterness and dismay in many of the tracks his long time friend Klaus Voormann commented He wasn t up for it It was a terrible time because I think there was a lot of cocaine going around and that s when I got out of the picture I didn t like his frame of mind 130 He released two singles from the LP You which reached the Billboard top 20 and This Guitar Can t Keep from Crying Apple s final original single release 131 Thirty Three amp 1 3 1976 Harrison s first album release on his own Dark Horse Records label produced the hit singles This Song and Crackerbox Palace both of which reached the top 25 in the US 132 nb 11 The surreal humour of Crackerbox Palace reflected Harrison s association with Monty Python s Eric Idle who directed a comical music video for the song 135 With an emphasis on melody and musicianship and a more subtle subject matter than the pious message of his earlier works Thirty Three amp 1 3 earned Harrison his most favourable critical notices in the US since All Things Must Pass 135 The album peaked just outside the top ten there but outsold his previous two LPs 136 137 As part of his promotion for the release Harrison performed on Saturday Night Live with Paul Simon 138 In 1979 Harrison released George Harrison which followed his second marriage and the birth of his son Dhani 139 Co produced by Russ Titelman 140 the album and the single Blow Away both made the Billboard top 20 141 The album marked the beginning of Harrison s gradual retreat from the music business with several of the songs having been written in the tranquil setting of Maui in the Hawaiian archipelago 142 Leng described George Harrison as melodic and lush peaceful the work of a man who had lived the rock and roll dream twice over and was now embracing domestic as well as spiritual bliss 143 Somewhere in England to Cloud Nine 1980 1987 Harrison and Eric Clapton performing While My Guitar Gently Weeps at the 1987 Prince s Trust Concert in London The murder of John Lennon on 8 December 1980 disturbed Harrison and reinforced his decades long concern about stalkers 144 The tragedy was also a deep personal loss although Harrison and Lennon had little contact in the years before Lennon was killed 145 nb 12 Following the murder Harrison commented After all we went through together I had and still have great love and respect for John Lennon I am shocked and stunned 144 Harrison modified the lyrics of a song he had written for Starr to make the song a tribute to Lennon 147 All Those Years Ago which included vocal contributions from Paul and Linda McCartney as well as Starr s original drum part peaked at number two in the US charts 148 149 The single was included on the album Somewhere in England in 1981 150 Harrison did not release any new albums for five years after 1982 s Gone Troppo received little notice from critics or the public 151 During this period he made several guest appearances including a 1985 performance at a tribute to Carl Perkins titled Blue Suede Shoes A Rockabilly Session 152 nb 13 In March 1986 he made a surprise appearance during the finale of the Birmingham Heart Beat Charity Concert an event organised to raise money for the Birmingham Children s Hospital 154 The following year he appeared at The Prince s Trust concert at London s Wembley Arena performing While My Guitar Gently Weeps and Here Comes the Sun 155 In February 1987 he joined Dylan John Fogerty and Jesse Ed Davis on stage for a two hour performance with the blues musician Taj Mahal 156 Harrison recalled Bob rang me up and asked if I wanted to come out for the evening and see Taj Mahal So we went there and had a few of these Mexican beers and had a few more Bob says Hey why don t we all get up and play and you can sing But every time I got near the microphone Dylan comes up and just starts singing this rubbish in my ear trying to throw me 157 In November 1987 Harrison released the platinum album Cloud Nine 158 159 Co produced with Jeff Lynne of Electric Light Orchestra ELO the album included Harrison s rendition of James Ray s Got My Mind Set on You which went to number one in the US and number two in the UK 160 161 The accompanying music video received substantial airplay 162 and another single When We Was Fab a retrospective of the Beatles career earned two MTV Music Video Awards nominations in 1988 163 Recorded at his estate in Friar Park Harrison s slide guitar playing featured prominently on the album which included several of his long time musical collaborators including Clapton Jim Keltner and Jim Horn 164 Cloud Nine reached number eight and number ten on the US and UK charts respectively and several tracks from the album achieved placement on Billboard s Mainstream Rock chart Devil s Radio This Is Love and Cloud 9 160 Later career 1988 1996The Traveling Wilburys and return to touring 1988 1992 Main article Traveling Wilburys In 1988 Harrison formed the Traveling Wilburys with Jeff Lynne Roy Orbison Bob Dylan and Tom Petty The band had gathered in Dylan s garage to record a song for a Harrison European single release 165 Harrison s record company decided the track Handle with Care was too good for its original purpose as a B side and asked for a full album The LP Traveling Wilburys Vol 1 was released in October 1988 and recorded under pseudonyms as half brothers supposed sons of Charles Truscott Wilbury Sr 166 It reached number 16 in the UK and number 3 in the US where it was certified triple platinum 167 Harrison s pseudonym on the album was Nelson Wilbury he used the name Spike Wilbury for their second album 168 In 1989 Harrison and Starr appeared in the music video for Petty s song I Won t Back Down 169 In October that year Harrison assembled and released Best of Dark Horse 1976 1989 a compilation of his later solo work 170 The album included three new songs including Cheer Down which Harrison had recently contributed to the Lethal Weapon 2 film soundtrack 171 Following Orbison s death in December 1988 the Wilburys recorded as a four piece 172 Their second album issued in October 1990 was mischievously titled Traveling Wilburys Vol 3 According to Lynne That was George s idea He said Let s confuse the buggers 173 It peaked at number 14 in the UK and number 11 in the US where it was certified platinum 167 The Wilburys never performed live and the group did not record together again following the release of their second album 174 In December 1991 Harrison joined Clapton for a tour of Japan 175 It was Harrison s first since 1974 and no others followed 176 nb 14 On 6 April 1992 Harrison held a benefit concert for the Natural Law Party at the Royal Albert Hall his first London performance since the Beatles 1969 rooftop concert 178 In October 1992 he performed at a Bob Dylan tribute concert at Madison Square Garden in New York City playing alongside Dylan Clapton McGuinn Petty and Neil Young 179 The Beatles Anthology 1994 1996 Main article The Beatles Anthology In 1994 Harrison began a collaboration with McCartney Starr and producer Jeff Lynne for the Beatles Anthology project This included the recording of two new Beatles songs built around solo vocal and piano tapes recorded by Lennon as well as lengthy interviews about the Beatles career 180 Released in December 1995 Free as a Bird was the first new Beatles single since 1970 181 In March 1996 they released a second single Real Love Harrison refused to participate in the completion of a third song 182 He later commented on the project I hope somebody does this to all my crap demos when I m dead make them into hit songs 183 Later life and death 1997 2001After the Anthology project Harrison collaborated with Ravi Shankar on the latter s Chants of India Harrison s final television appearance was a VH 1 special to promote the album taped in May 1997 184 Soon afterwards Harrison was diagnosed with throat cancer 185 he was treated with radiotherapy which was thought at the time to be successful 186 He publicly blamed years of smoking for the illness 187 In January 1998 Harrison attended Carl Perkins funeral in Jackson Tennessee where he performed a brief rendition of Perkins song Your True Love 188 In May he represented the Beatles at London s High Court in their successful bid to gain control of unauthorised recordings made of a 1962 performance by the band at the Star Club in Hamburg 189 190 The following year he was the most active of the former Beatles in promoting the reissue of their 1968 animated film Yellow Submarine 189 191 The entrance and gatehouse at Harrison s Friar Park estate In December 1999 he and his wife Olivia were the victims of a knife attack by an intruder On 30 December 1999 Harrison and his wife Olivia were attacked at their home Friar Park Michael Abram a 34 year old man suffering from paranoid schizophrenia broke in and attacked Harrison with a kitchen knife puncturing a lung and causing head injuries before his wife incapacitated the assailant by striking him repeatedly with a fireplace poker and a lamp 186 192 Harrison later commented I felt exhausted and could feel the strength draining from me I vividly remember a deliberate thrust to my chest I could hear my lung exhaling and had blood in my mouth I believed I had been fatally stabbed 193 Following the attack Harrison was hospitalised with more than 40 stab wounds and part of his punctured lung was removed 194 He released a statement soon afterwards regarding his assailant He wasn t a burglar and he certainly wasn t auditioning for the Traveling Wilburys Adi Shankara an Indian historical spiritual and groovy type person once said Life is fragile like a raindrop on a lotus leaf And you d better believe it 195 nb 15 Upon being released from a mental hospital in 2002 after less than three years in state custody Abram said If I could turn back the clock I would give anything not to have done what I did in attacking George Harrison but looking back on it now I have come to understand that I was at the time not in control of my actions I can only hope the Harrison family might somehow find it in their hearts to accept my apologies 199 The injuries inflicted on Harrison during the home invasion were downplayed by his family in their comments to the press Having seen Harrison looking so healthy beforehand those in his social circle believed that the attack brought about a change in him and was the cause for his cancer s return 194 In May 2001 it was revealed that Harrison had undergone an operation to remove a cancerous growth from one of his lungs 200 and in July it was reported that he was being treated for a brain tumour at a clinic in Switzerland 201 While in Switzerland Starr visited him but had to cut short his stay to travel to Boston where his daughter was undergoing emergency brain surgery Harrison who was very weak quipped Do you want me to come with you 202 In November 2001 he began radiotherapy at Staten Island University Hospital in New York City for non small cell lung cancer that had spread to his brain 203 When the news was made public Harrison bemoaned his physician s breach of privacy and his estate later claimed damages nb 16 On 29 November 2001 Harrison died at a property belonging to McCartney on Heather Road in Beverly Hills Los Angeles 209 He was 58 years old 210 211 He died in the company of Olivia Dhani Shankar and the latter s wife Sukanya and daughter Anoushka and Hare Krishna devotees Shyamasundar Das and Mukunda Goswami who chanted verses from the Bhagavad Gita 212 His final message to the world as relayed in a statement by Olivia and Dhani was Everything else can wait but the search for God cannot wait and love one another 213 nb 17 He was cremated at Hollywood Forever Cemetery and his funeral was held at the Self Realization Fellowship Lake Shrine in Pacific Palisades California 215 His close family scattered his ashes according to Hindu tradition in a private ceremony in the Ganges and Yamuna rivers near Varanasi India 216 He left almost 100 million in his will 217 Harrison s final studio album Brainwashed 2002 was released posthumously after it was completed by his son Dhani and Jeff Lynne 218 A quotation from the Bhagavad Gita is included in the album s liner notes There never was a time when you or I did not exist Nor will there be any future when we shall cease to be 219 A media only single Stuck Inside a Cloud which Leng describes as a uniquely candid reaction to illness and mortality achieved number 27 on Billboard s Adult Contemporary chart 220 221 The single Any Road released in May 2003 peaked at number 37 on the UK Singles Chart 161 Marwa Blues went on to receive the 2004 Grammy Award for Best Pop Instrumental Performance while Any Road was nominated for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance 222 MusicianshipGuitar work Harrison s burgundy Les Paul Harrison s guitar work with the Beatles was varied and flexible Although not fast or flashy his lead guitar playing was solid and typified the more subdued lead guitar style of the early 1960s His rhythm guitar playing was innovative for example when he used a capo to shorten the strings on an acoustic guitar as on the Rubber Soul 1965 album and Here Comes the Sun to create a bright sweet sound 223 224 Eric Clapton felt that Harrison was clearly an innovator as he was taking certain elements of R amp B and rock and rockabilly and creating something unique 225 Rolling Stone founder Jann Wenner described Harrison as a guitarist who was never showy but who had an innate eloquent melodic sense He played exquisitely in the service of the song 226 The guitar picking style of Chet Atkins and Carl Perkins influenced Harrison giving a country music feel to many of the Beatles recordings 227 He identified Chuck Berry as another early influence 228 In 1961 the Beatles recorded Cry for a Shadow a blues inspired instrumental co written by Lennon and Harrison who is credited with composing the song s lead guitar part building on unusual chord voicings and imitating the style of other English groups such as the Shadows 229 Harrison s liberal use of the diatonic scale in his guitar playing reveals the influence of Buddy Holly and his interest in Berry inspired him to compose songs based on the blues scale while incorporating a rockabilly feel in the style of Perkins 230 nb 18 Another of Harrison s musical techniques was the use of guitar lines written in octaves as on I ll Be on My Way 232 By 1964 he had begun to develop a distinctive personal style as a guitarist writing parts that featured the use of nonresolving tones as with the ending chord arpeggios on A Hard Day s Night 230 On this and other songs from the period he used a Rickenbacker 360 12 an electric guitar with twelve strings the low eight of which are tuned in pairs one octave apart with the higher four being pairs tuned in unison 232 His use of the Rickenbacker on A Hard Day s Night helped to popularise the model and the jangly sound became so prominent that Melody Maker termed it the Beatles secret weapon 233 nb 19 In 1965 Harrison used an expression pedal to control his guitar s volume on I Need You creating a syncopated flautando effect with the melody resolving its dissonance through tonal displacements 235 He used the same volume swell technique on Yes It Is applying what Everett described as ghostly articulation to the song s natural harmonics 230 In 1966 Harrison contributed innovative musical ideas to Revolver He played backwards guitar on Lennon s composition I m Only Sleeping and a guitar counter melody on And Your Bird Can Sing that moved in parallel octaves above McCartney s bass downbeats 236 His guitar playing on I Want to Tell You exemplified the pairing of altered chordal colours with descending chromatic lines and his guitar part for Sgt Pepper s Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds mirrors Lennon s vocal line in much the same way that a sarangi player accompanies a khyal singer in a Hindu devotional song 237 Old Brown Shoe source source Harrison s guitar solo from Old Brown Shoe April 1969 Something source source An excerpt from Harrison s guitar solo to Something May 1969 How Do You Sleep source source An excerpt from Harrison s slide guitar solo from Lennon s How Do You Sleep 1971 Problems playing these files See media help Everett described Harrison s guitar solo from Old Brown Shoe as stinging and highly Claptonesque 238 He identified two of the composition s significant motifs a bluesy trichord and a diminished triad with roots in A and E 239 Huntley called the song a sizzling rocker with a ferocious solo 240 In Greene s opinion Harrison s demo for Old Brown Shoe contains one of the most complex lead guitar solos on any Beatles song 241 Harrison s playing on Abbey Road and in particular on Something marked a significant moment in his development as a guitarist The song s guitar solo shows a varied range of influences incorporating the blues guitar style of Clapton and the styles of Indian gamakas 242 According to author and musicologist Kenneth Womack Something meanders toward the most unforgettable of Harrison s guitar solos A masterpiece in simplicity it reaches toward the sublime 243 After Delaney Bramlett inspired him to learn slide guitar Harrison began to incorporate it into his solo work which allowed him to mimic many traditional Indian instruments including the sarangi and the dilruba 244 Leng described Harrison s slide guitar solo on Lennon s How Do You Sleep as a departure for the sweet soloist of Something calling his playing rightly famed one of Harrison s greatest guitar statements 245 Lennon commented That s the best he s ever fucking played in his life 245 A Hawaiian influence is notable in much of Harrison s music ranging from his slide guitar work on Gone Troppo 1982 to his televised performance of the Cab Calloway standard Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea on ukulele in 1992 246 Lavezzoli described Harrison s slide playing on the Grammy winning instrumental Marwa Blues 2002 as demonstrating Hawaiian influences while comparing the melody to an Indian sarod or veena calling it yet another demonstration of Harrison s unique slide approach 247 Harrison was an admirer of George Formby and a member of the Ukulele Society of Great Britain and played a ukulele solo in the style of Formby at the end of Free as a Bird 248 He performed at a Formby convention in 1991 and served as the honorary president of the George Formby Appreciation Society 249 Harrison played bass guitar on a few tracks including the Beatles songs She Said She Said Golden Slumbers Birthday and Honey Pie 250 He also played bass on several solo recordings including Faster Wake Up My Love and Bye Bye Love 251 Sitar and Indian music Ravi Shankar who taught Harrison the sitar pictured in 1969 During the Beatles American tour in August 1965 Harrison s friend David Crosby of the Byrds introduced him to Indian classical music and the work of sitar maestro Ravi Shankar 252 253 Harrison described Shankar as the first person who ever impressed me in my life and he was the only person who didn t try to impress me 254 Harrison became fascinated with the sitar and immersed himself in Indian music 255 According to Lavezzoli Harrison s introduction of the instrument on the Beatles song Norwegian Wood opened the floodgates for Indian instrumentation in rock music triggering what Shankar would call The Great Sitar Explosion of 1966 67 256 Lavezzoli recognises Harrison as the man most responsible for this phenomenon 257 nb 20 In June 1966 Harrison met Shankar at the home of Mrs Angadi of the Asian Music Circle asked to be his student and was accepted 259 Before this meeting Harrison had recorded his Revolver track Love You To contributing a sitar part that Lavezzoli describes as an astonishing improvement over Norwegian Wood and the most accomplished performance on sitar by any rock musician 260 On 6 July Harrison travelled to India to buy a sitar from Rikhi Ram amp Sons in New Delhi 259 In September following the Beatles final tour he returned to India to study sitar for six weeks with Shankar 259 He initially stayed in Bombay until fans learned of his arrival then moved to a houseboat on a remote lake in Kashmir 259 During this visit he also received tutelage from Shambhu Das Shankar s protege 261 262 Harrison studied the instrument until 1968 when following a discussion with Shankar about the need to find his roots an encounter with Clapton and Jimi Hendrix at a hotel in New York convinced him to return to guitar playing Harrison commented I decided I m not going to be a great sitar player because I should have started at least fifteen years earlier 263 Harrison continued to use Indian instrumentation occasionally on his solo albums and remained strongly associated with the genre 264 Lavezzoli groups him with Paul Simon and Peter Gabriel as the three rock musicians who have given the most mainstream exposure to non Western musics or the concept of world music 265 Songwriting Harrison wrote his first song Don t Bother Me while sick in a hotel bed in Bournemouth during August 1963 as an exercise to see if I could write a song as he remembered 266 His songwriting ability improved throughout the Beatles career but his material did not earn full respect from Lennon McCartney and producer George Martin until near the group s break up 267 In 1969 McCartney told Lennon Until this year our songs have been better than George s Now this year his songs are at least as good as ours 268 Harrison often had difficulty getting the band to record his songs 269 81 Most Beatles albums from 1965 onwards contain at least two Harrison compositions three of his songs appear on Revolver the album on which Harrison came of age as a songwriter according to Inglis 270 Within You Without You source source An audio sample of Harrison s Within You Without You 1967 Problems playing this file See media help Harrison wrote the chord progression of Don t Bother Me almost exclusively in the Dorian mode demonstrating an interest in exotic tones that eventually culminated in his embrace of Indian music 271 The latter proved a strong influence on his songwriting and contributed to his innovation within the Beatles According to Mikal Gilmore of Rolling Stone Harrison s openness to new sounds and textures cleared new paths for his rock and roll compositions His use of dissonance on Taxman and I Want to Tell You was revolutionary in popular music and perhaps more originally creative than the avant garde mannerisms that Lennon and McCartney borrowed from the music of Karlheinz Stockhausen Luciano Berio Edgard Varese and Igor Stravinsky 272 Of the 1967 Harrison song Within You Without You author Gerry Farrell said that Harrison had created a new form calling the composition a quintessential fusion of pop and Indian music 273 Lennon called the song one of Harrison s best His mind and his music are clear There is his innate talent he brought that sound together 274 In his next fully Indian styled song The Inner Light Harrison embraced the Karnatak discipline of Indian music rather than the Hindustani style he had used in Love You To and Within You Without You 275 Writing in 1997 Farrell commented It is a mark of Harrison s sincere involvement with Indian music that nearly thirty years on the Beatles Indian songs remain the most imaginative and successful examples of this type of fusion for example Blue Jay Way and The Inner Light 276 Beatles biographer Bob Spitz described Something as a masterpiece and an intensely stirring romantic ballad that would challenge Yesterday and Michelle as one of the most recognizable songs they ever produced 277 Inglis considered Abbey Road a turning point in Harrison s development as a songwriter and musician He described Harrison s two contributions to the LP Here Comes the Sun and Something as exquisite declaring them equal to any previous Beatles songs 73 Collaborations See also Apple Records Artists and George Harrison discography Collaborations and other appearances From 1968 onwards Harrison collaborated with other musicians he brought in Eric Clapton to play lead guitar on While My Guitar Gently Weeps for the 1968 Beatles White Album 278 and collaborated with John Barham on his 1968 debut solo album Wonderwall Music which included contributions from Clapton again as well as Peter Tork from the Monkees 279 He played on tracks by Dave Mason Nicky Hopkins Alvin Lee Ronnie Wood Billy Preston and Tom Scott 280 Harrison co wrote songs and music with Dylan Clapton Preston Doris Troy David Bromberg Gary Wright Wood Jeff Lynne and Tom Petty among others 281 Harrison s music projects during the final years of the Beatles included producing Apple Records artists Doris Troy Jackie Lomax and Billy Preston 282 Harrison co wrote the song Badge with Clapton which was included on Cream s 1969 album Goodbye 283 Harrison played rhythm guitar on the track using the pseudonym L Angelo Misterioso for contractual reasons 284 In May 1970 he played guitar on several songs during a recording session for Dylan s album New Morning 285 Between 1971 and 1973 he co wrote and or produced three top ten hits for Starr It Don t Come Easy Back Off Boogaloo and Photograph 286 Aside from How Do You Sleep his contributions to Lennon s 1971 album Imagine included a slide guitar solo on Gimme Some Truth and dobro on Crippled Inside 287 Also that year he produced and played slide guitar on Badfinger s top ten hit Day After Day and a dobro on Preston s I Wrote a Simple Song 288 nb 21 He worked with Harry Nilsson on You re Breakin My Heart 1972 and with Cheech amp Chong on Basketball Jones 1973 290 In 1974 Harrison founded Dark Horse Records as an avenue for collaboration with other musicians 291 He wanted Dark Horse to serve as a creative outlet for artists as Apple Records had for the Beatles 292 Eric Idle commented He s extremely generous and he backs and supports all sorts of people that you ll never ever hear of 293 The first acts signed to the new label were Ravi Shankar and the duo Splinter Harrison produced and made multiple musical contributions to Splinter s debut album The Place I Love which provided Dark Horse with its first hit Costafine Town 294 He also produced and played guitar and autoharp on Shankar s Shankar Family amp Friends the label s other inaugural release 295 Other artists signed by Dark Horse include Attitudes Henry McCullough Jiva and Stairsteps 296 Harrison collaborated with Tom Scott on Scott s 1975 album New York Connection and in 1981 he played guitar on Walk a Thin Line from Mick Fleetwood s The Visitor 297 His contributions to Starr s solo career continued with Wrack My Brain a 1981 US top 40 hit written and produced by Harrison 298 and guitar overdubs to two tracks on Vertical Man 1998 299 In 1996 Harrison recorded Distance Makes No Difference With Love with Carl Perkins for the latter s album Go Cat Go and in 1990 he played slide guitar on the title track of Dylan s Under the Red Sky album 300 In 2001 he performed as a guest musician on Jeff Lynne and Electric Light Orchestra s comeback album Zoom and on the song Love Letters for Bill Wyman s Rhythm Kings 301 He also co wrote a new song with his son Dhani Horse to the Water which was recorded on 2 October eight weeks before his death It appeared on Jools Holland s album Small World Big Band 302 Guitars Harrison s Harptone L 6 acoustic guitar which he played at the Concert for Bangladesh When Harrison joined the Quarrymen in 1958 his main guitar was a Hofner President Acoustic which he soon traded for a Hofner Club 40 model 303 His first solid body electric guitar was a Czech built Jolana Futurama Grazioso 304 The guitars he used on early recordings were mainly Gretsch models played through a Vox amplifier including a Gretsch Duo Jet that he bought secondhand in 1961 and posed with on the album cover for Cloud Nine 1987 305 He also bought a Gretsch Tennessean and a Gretsch Country Gentleman which he played on She Loves You and during the Beatles 1964 appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show 306 307 In 1963 he bought a Rickenbacker 425 Fireglo and in 1964 he acquired a Rickenbacker 360 12 guitar which was the second of its kind to be manufactured 308 Harrison obtained his first Fender Stratocaster in 1965 and first used it during the recording of the Help album that February he also used it when recording Rubber Soul later that year most notably on the song Nowhere Man 309 In early 1966 Harrison and Lennon each purchased Epiphone Casinos which they used on Revolver 310 Harrison also used a Gibson J 160E and a Gibson SG Standard while recording the album 311 He later painted his Stratocaster in a psychedelic design that included the word Bebopalula above the pickguard and the guitar s nickname Rocky on the headstock 312 He played this guitar in the Magical Mystery Tour 1967 film and throughout his solo career 313 In July 1968 Clapton gave him a Gibson Les Paul 314 that had been stripped of its original finish and stained cherry red which Harrison nicknamed Lucy 315 Around this time he obtained a Gibson Jumbo J 200 acoustic guitar 316 which he subsequently gave to Dylan to use at the 1969 Isle of Wight Festival 317 In late 1968 Fender Musical Instruments Corporation gave Harrison a custom made Fender Telecaster Rosewood prototype made especially for him by Philip Kubicki 318 319 nb 22 In August 2017 Fender released a Limited Edition George Harrison Rosewood Telecaster modelled after a Telecaster that Roger Rossmeisl originally created for Harrison 322 Film production and HandMade filmsMain article HandMade Films Harrison helped finance Ravi Shankar s documentary Raga and released it through Apple Films in 1971 323 He also produced with Apple manager Allen Klein the Concert for Bangladesh film 324 In 1973 he produced the feature film Little Malcolm 325 but the project was lost amid the litigation surrounding the former Beatles ending their business ties with Klein 326 In 1973 Peter Sellers introduced Harrison to Denis O Brien Soon after the two went into business together 327 In 1978 to produce Monty Python s Life of Brian they formed the film production and distribution company HandMade Films 328 Their opportunity for investment came after EMI Films withdrew funding at the demand of their chief executive Bernard Delfont 329 Harrison financed the production of Life of Brian in part by mortgaging his home which Idle later called the most anybody s ever paid for a cinema ticket in history 330 293 The film grossed 21 million at the box office in the US 327 The first film distributed by HandMade Films was The Long Good Friday 1980 and the first they produced was Time Bandits 1981 a co scripted project by Monty Python s Terry Gilliam and Michael Palin 331 The film featured a new song by Harrison Dream Away in the closing credits 330 332 Time Bandits became one of HandMade s most successful and acclaimed efforts with a budget of 5 million it earned 35 million in the US within ten weeks of its release 332 Harrison served as executive producer for 23 films with HandMade including A Private Function 1984 Mona Lisa 1986 Shanghai Surprise 1986 Withnail and I 1987 and How to Get Ahead in Advertising 1989 324 He made cameo appearances in several of these films including a role as a nightclub singer in Shanghai Surprise for which he recorded five new songs 333 According to Ian Inglis Harrison s executive role in HandMade Films helped to sustain British cinema at a time of crisis producing some of the country s most memorable movies of the 1980s 334 Following a series of box office bombs in the late 1980s and excessive debt incurred by O Brien which was guaranteed by Harrison HandMade s financial situation became precarious 335 336 The company ceased operations in 1991 330 and was sold three years later to Paragon Entertainment a Canadian corporation 337 Afterwards Harrison sued O Brien for 25 million for fraud and negligence resulting in an 11 6 million judgement in 1996 338 330 Humanitarian work George Harrison sculpture in Dhaka Bangladesh Harrison was involved in humanitarian and political activism throughout his life In the 1960s the Beatles supported the civil rights movement and protested against the Vietnam War In early 1971 Ravi Shankar consulted Harrison about how to provide aid to the people of Bangladesh after the 1970 Bhola cyclone and the Bangladesh Liberation War 339 Harrison hastily wrote and recorded the song Bangla Desh which became pop music s first charity single when issued by Apple Records in late July 340 341 He also pushed Apple to release Shankar s Joi Bangla EP in an effort to raise further awareness for the cause 108 Shankar asked for Harrison s advice about planning a small charity event in the US Harrison responded by organising the Concert for Bangladesh which raised more than 240 000 342 Around 13 5 million was generated through the album and film releases 343 although most of the funds were frozen in an Internal Revenue Service audit for ten years due to Klein s failure to register the event as a UNICEF benefit beforehand 344 In June 1972 UNICEF honoured Harrison and Shankar and Klein with the Child Is the Father of Man award at an annual ceremony in recognition of their fundraising efforts for Bangladesh 345 From 1980 Harrison became a vocal supporter of Greenpeace and CND 346 He also protested against the use of nuclear energy with Friends of the Earth 347 348 and helped finance Vole a green magazine launched by Monty Python member Terry Jones 349 nb 23 In 1990 he helped promote his wife Olivia s Romanian Angel Appeal 351 on behalf of the thousands of Romanian orphans left abandoned by the state following the fall of Communism in Eastern Europe 352 Harrison recorded a benefit single Nobody s Child with the Traveling Wilburys and assembled a fundraising album with contributions from other artists including Clapton Starr Elton John Stevie Wonder Donovan and Van Morrison 353 354 The Concert for Bangladesh has been described as an innovative precursor for the large scale charity rock shows that followed including Live Aid 355 The George Harrison Humanitarian Fund for UNICEF a joint effort between the Harrison family and the US Fund for UNICEF aims to support programmes that help children caught in humanitarian emergencies 356 In December 2007 they donated 450 000 to help the victims of Cyclone Sidr in Bangladesh 356 On 13 October 2009 the first George Harrison Humanitarian Award went to Ravi Shankar for his efforts in saving the lives of children and his involvement with the Concert for Bangladesh 357 Personal lifeHinduism Harrison with Hare Krishna devotees Shyamasundar Das and Mukunda Goswami in Vrindavan India in 1996 By the mid 1960s Harrison had become an admirer of Indian culture and mysticism introducing it to the other Beatles 358 During the filming of Help in the Bahamas they met the founder of Sivananda Yoga Swami Vishnu devananda who gave each of them a signed copy of his book The Complete Illustrated Book of Yoga 359 Between the end of the last Beatles tour in 1966 and the beginning of the Sgt Pepper recording sessions he made a pilgrimage to India with his first wife Pattie Boyd there he studied sitar with Ravi Shankar met several gurus and visited various holy places 360 In 1968 he travelled with the other Beatles to Rishikesh in northern India to study meditation with Maharishi Mahesh Yogi 360 nb 24 Harrison s experiences with LSD in the mid 1960s served as a catalyst for his early pursuance of Hinduism In a 1977 interview George recalled For me it was like a flash The first time I had acid it just opened up something in my head that was inside of me and I realized a lot of things I didn t learn them because I already knew them but that happened to be the key that opened the door to reveal them From the moment I had that I wanted to have it all the time these thoughts about the yogis and the Himalayas and Ravi s music 138 However Harrison stopped using LSD after a disenchanting experience in San Francisco s Haight Ashbury neighborhood He recounted in The Beatles Anthology That was the turning point for me that s when I went right off the whole drug cult and stopped taking the dreaded lysergic acid I had some in a little bottle it was liquid I put it under a microscope and it looked like bits of old rope I thought that I couldn t put that into my brain any more 362 In line with the Hindu yoga tradition Harrison became a vegetarian in the late 1960s 363 After being given various religious texts by Shankar in 1966 he remained a lifelong advocate of the teachings of Swami Vivekananda and Paramahansa Yogananda yogis and authors respectively of Raja Yoga and Autobiography of a Yogi 364 In mid 1969 he produced the single Hare Krishna Mantra performed by members of the London Radha Krishna Temple 365 Having also helped the Temple devotees become established in Britain Harrison then met their leader A C Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada whom he described as my friend my master and a perfect example of everything he preached 366 Harrison embraced the Hare Krishna tradition particularly japa yoga chanting with beads and became a lifelong devotee 365 In 1972 he donated his Letchmore Heath mansion north of London to the devotees It was later converted to a temple and renamed Bhaktivedanta Manor 367 Regarding other faiths he once remarked All religions are branches of one big tree It doesn t matter what you call Him just as long as you call 368 He commented on his beliefs Krishna actually was in a body as a person What makes it complicated is if he s God what s he doing fighting on a battlefield It took me ages to try to figure that out and again it was Yogananda s spiritual interpretation of the Bhagavad Gita that made me realise what it was Our idea of Krishna and Arjuna on the battlefield in the chariot So this is the point that we re in these bodies which is like a kind of chariot and we re going through this incarnation this life which is kind of a battlefield The senses of the body are the horses pulling the chariot and we have to get control over the chariot by getting control over the reins And Arjuna in the end says Please Krishna you drive the chariot because unless we bring Christ or Krishna or Buddha or whichever of our spiritual guides we re going to crash our chariot and we re going to turn over and we re going to get killed in the battlefield That s why we say Hare Krishna Hare Krishna asking Krishna to come and take over the chariot 369 Inglis comments that Harrison s spiritual journey was seen as a serious and important development that reflected popular music s increasing maturity what he and the Beatles had managed to overturn was the paternalistic assumption that popular musicians had no role other than to stand on stage and sing their hit songs 370 Family and interests Harrison and Pattie Boyd lived in Kinfauns in Surrey from 1964 to 1970 Harrison married model Pattie Boyd on 21 January 1966 with McCartney serving as best man 371 Harrison and Boyd had met on set in 1964 during the production of the film A Hard Day s Night in which the 19 year old Boyd had been cast as a schoolgirl during lunch George playfully proposed to her 372 373 They separated in 1974 and their divorce was finalised in 1977 374 Boyd said her decision to end the marriage was due largely to George s repeated infidelities The last infidelity culminated in an affair with Ringo s wife Maureen which Boyd called the final straw 375 She characterised the last year of their marriage as fuelled by alcohol and cocaine and she stated George used coke excessively and I think it changed him it froze his emotions and hardened his heart 376 She subsequently moved in with Eric Clapton and they married in 1979 377 nb 25 On 2 September 1978 Harrison married Olivia Trinidad Arias who was a marketing executive for A amp M Records and later Dark Horse Records 379 As Dark Horse was a subsidiary of A amp M 380 the couple had first met over the phone working on record company business 381 and then in person at the A amp M Records offices in Los Angeles in 1974 382 Together they had one son Dhani Harrison born on 1 August 1978 383 Harrison restored the English manor house and grounds of Friar Park his home in Henley on Thames where several of his music videos including Crackerbox Palace were filmed the grounds also served as the background for the cover of All Things Must Pass 384 nb 26 He employed ten workers to maintain the 36 acre 15 ha garden 388 Harrison commented on gardening as a form of escapism Sometimes I feel like I m actually on the wrong planet and it s great when I m in my garden but the minute I go out the gate I think What the hell am I doing here 389 His autobiography I Me Mine is dedicated to gardeners everywhere 390 The former Beatles publicist Derek Taylor helped Harrison write the book which said little about the Beatles focusing instead on Harrison s hobbies music and lyrics 391 Taylor commented George is not disowning the Beatles but it was a long time ago and actually a short part of his life 392 Harrison had an interest in sports cars and motor racing he was one of the 100 people who purchased the McLaren F1 road car 393 He had collected photos of racing drivers and their cars since he was young at 12 he had attended his first race the 1955 British Grand Prix at Aintree 393 394 He wrote Faster as a tribute to the Formula One racing drivers Jackie Stewart and Ronnie Peterson Proceeds from its release went to the Gunnar Nilsson cancer charity set up after the Swedish driver s death from the disease in 1978 395 Harrison s first extravagant car a 1964 Aston Martin DB5 was sold at auction on 7 December 2011 in London An anonymous Beatles collector paid 350 000 for the vehicle that Harrison had bought new in January 1965 396 Relationships with the other Beatles Lennon McCartney Harrison and Starr on arrival in New York City at the height of Beatlemania February 1964 For most of the Beatles career the relationships in the group were close According to Hunter Davies the Beatles spent their lives not living a communal life but communally living the same life They were each other s greatest friends Harrison s ex wife Pattie Boyd described how the Beatles all belonged to each other and admitted George has a lot with the others that I can never know about Nobody not even the wives can break through or even comprehend it 397 Starr said We really looked out for each other and we had so many laughs together In the old days we d have the biggest hotel suites the whole floor of the hotel and the four of us would end up in the bathroom just to be with each other He added there were some really loving caring moments between four people a hotel room here and there a really amazing closeness Just four guys who loved each other It was pretty sensational 398 Lennon stated that his relationship with Harrison was one of young follower and older guy he was like a disciple of mine when we started 399 The two later bonded over their LSD experiences finding common ground as seekers of spirituality They took radically different paths thereafter with according to biographer Gary Tillery Harrison finding God and Lennon coming to the conclusion that people are the creators of their own lives 400 In 1974 Harrison said of his former bandmate John Lennon is a saint and he s heavy duty and he s great and I love him But at the same time he s such a bastard but that s the great thing about him you see 401 Harrison and McCartney were the first of the Beatles to meet having shared a school bus and often learned and rehearsed new guitar chords together 402 McCartney said that he and Harrison usually shared a bedroom while touring 403 McCartney has referred to Harrison as his baby brother 404 In a 1974 BBC radio interview with Alan Freeman Harrison stated McCartney ruined me as a guitar player In the same interview however Harrison stated that I just know that whatever we ve been through there s always been something that s tied us together 405 Perhaps the most significant obstacle to a Beatles reunion after the death of Lennon was Harrison and McCartney s personal relationship as both men admitted that they often got on each other s nerves 406 Rodriguez commented Even to the end of George s days theirs was a volatile relationship 407 When in a Yahoo online chat in February 2001 he was asked if Paul pisses you off Harrison replied Scan not a friend with a microscopic glass You know his faults Then let his foibles pass Old Victorian Proverb I m sure there s enough about me that pisses him off but I think we have now grown old enough to realize that we re both pretty damn cute 408 LegacyMain article List of awards and nominations received by George Harrison Close up of Harrison from the Beatles statue at Pier Head Liverpool In June 1965 Harrison and the other Beatles were appointed Members of the Order of the British Empire MBE 409 They received their insignia from the Queen at an investiture at Buckingham Palace on 26 October 410 In 1971 the Beatles received an Academy Award for the best Original Song Score for the film Let It Be 411 The minor planet 4149 Harrison discovered in 1984 was named after him 412 as was a variety of Dahlia flower 413 In December 1992 he became the first recipient of the Billboard Century Award an honour presented to music artists for significant bodies of work 414 The award recognised Harrison s critical role in laying the groundwork for the modern concept of world music and for his having advanced society s comprehension of the spiritual and altruistic power of popular music 415 Rolling Stone magazine ranked him number 11 in their list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time He is also in number 65 in the list of 100 greatest songwriters of all time by the same magazine 416 In 2002 on the first anniversary of his death the Concert for George was held at the Royal Albert Hall Eric Clapton organised the event which included performances by many of Harrison s friends and musical collaborators including McCartney and Starr 417 Eric Idle who described Harrison as one of the few morally good people that rock and roll has produced was among the performers of Monty Python s Lumberjack Song 418 The profits from the concert went to Harrison s charity the Material World Charitable Foundation 417 George Harrison Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in Los Angeles In 2004 Harrison was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a solo artist by his former bandmates Lynne and Petty and into the Madison Square Garden Walk of Fame in 2006 for the Concert for Bangladesh 419 On 14 April 2009 the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce awarded Harrison a star on the Walk of Fame in front of the Capitol Records Building McCartney Lynne and Petty were present when the star was unveiled Harrison s widow Olivia the actor Tom Hanks and Idle made speeches at the ceremony and Harrison s son Dhani spoke the Hare Krishna mantra 420 A documentary film titled George Harrison Living in the Material World directed by Martin Scorsese was released in October 2011 The film features interviews with Olivia and Dhani Harrison Klaus Voormann Terry Gilliam Starr Clapton McCartney Keltner and Astrid Kirchherr 421 Harrison was posthumously honoured with The Recording Academy s Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award at the Grammy Awards in February 2015 422 423 DiscographyMain articles George Harrison discography and List of songs recorded by George Harrison See also The Beatles discography and Traveling Wilburys Discography Wonderwall Music 1968 Electronic Sound 1969 All Things Must Pass 1970 Living in the Material World 1973 Dark Horse 1974 Extra Texture Read All About It 1975 Thirty Three amp 1 3 1976 George Harrison 1979 Somewhere in England 1981 Gone Troppo 1982 Cloud Nine 1987 Brainwashed 2002 See alsoList of peace activistsExplanatory notes Some published sources give Harold as Harrison s middle name 1 others dispute that like whom based on the absence of any middle name on his birth certificate a b Author Barry Miles writes Harrison was born at 11 42 pm on 24 February 6 Author Mark Lewisohn writes it was 12 10 am on 25 February with that date provided on both Harrison s birth and baptism certificates 7 Harrison recognised the 25th as his birthday for most of his life before stating in a 1992 Billboard article that he recently learned it was the 24th 8 9 Harrison also contributed the songs If I Needed Someone and Think for Yourself to Rubber Soul 50 The Self Realization Fellowship gurus Mahavatar Babaji Lahiri Mahasaya Sri Yukteswar and Paramahansa Yogananda appear on the Sgt Pepper cover at his request 59 Further examples of Indian instrumentation from Harrison during his Beatles years include his tambura parts on McCartney s Getting Better 1967 and Lennon s Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds 1967 and sitar and tambura on Lennon s Across the Universe 1968 62 Harrison received an Ivor Novello award in July 1970 for Something as The Best Song Musically and Lyrically of the Year 78 In July 2006 it was determined that All Things Must Pass should have been credited as a number one album in the United Kingdom when first released in 1970 71 Because some sales were not properly counted the album originally peaked at number four in Britain 92 Early in the sessions Clapton Whitlock Gordon and Carl Radle formed the short lived band Derek and the Dominos 96 In November 1971 Harrison appeared on The Dick Cavett Show performing Two Faced Man with Gary Wright 106 In his subsequent interview with Cavett he used the opportunity to complain about Capitol s delay in releasing the live album and seeking a percentage of the funds intended for the Bangladeshi refugees 107 In December 1974 the single Ding Dong Ding Dong reached number 38 in the UK 93 Released during the same month The Best of George Harrison combined several of his Beatles songs with a selection of his solo Apple work 133 After Harrison s departure from the label Capitol was able to license releases featuring Beatles and post Beatles work on the same album 134 Their estrangement had been marked by Harrison s longstanding dislike of Lennon s wife Yoko Ono his refusal to allow her to participate in the Concert for Bangladesh and during the last year of Lennon s life by Harrison s scant mention of Lennon in his autobiography I Me Mine 146 Harrison s set included That s Alright Mama Glad All Over and Blue Suede Shoes 153 In 1992 Dark Horse Records released an album of recorded material from the shows titled Live in Japan 177 Abram who believed he was possessed by Harrison and that he was on a mission from God to kill him 196 197 was later acquitted of attempted murder on grounds of insanity and was detained for treatment in a secure mental hospital He was released in 2002 198 Harrison s estate complained that during a round of experimental radiotherapy at Staten Island University Hospital the oncologist Dr Gilbert Lederman repeatedly revealed Harrison s confidential medical information during television interviews and forced him to autograph a guitar 204 205 206 207 The suit was ultimately settled out of court under the condition that the guitar be disposed of 208 Another of his last messages was to actor and comedian Mike Myers on the set of Austin Powers in Goldmember Harrison thanked Myers for the Austin Powers films and said that he had searched throughout Europe before finding his bedside companion a Dr Evil doll 214 Within this framework he often used syncopation as during his guitar solos for the Beatles covers of Berry s Roll Over Beethoven and Too Much Monkey Business 231 Roger McGuinn liked the effect so much that it became his signature guitar sound with the Byrds 234 Harrison was influential in the decision to have Shankar included on the bill at the Monterey Pop Festival in 1967 and at Woodstock in 1969 258 Musician David Bromberg introduced Harrison to the dobro an instrument that soon became one of his favourites 289 Harrison subsequently gave the Rosewood Telecaster to Delaney Bramlett during the 1969 Delaney amp Bonnie tour 320 He similarly gifted his Gibson SG to Pete Ham of Badfinger 321 In 1985 Harrison contributed a new version of his Somewhere in England track Save the World to the fundraising compilation Greenpeace The Album 350 Harrison credited English sculptor David Wynne as the person who first recommended the Mararishi as a remarkable yogi after which the Beatles attended a lecture he gave in London in August 1967 361 Harrison had formed a close friendship with Clapton in the late 1960s he wrote one of his compositions for the Abbey Road album Here Comes the Sun in Clapton s back garden and he played guitar on Cream s song Badge which he co wrote with Clapton 378 The house had once belonged to the Victorian eccentric Sir Frank Crisp Purchased in 1970 it is the basis for the song Ballad of Sir Frankie Crisp Let It Roll 385 Harrison also owned homes on Hamilton Island Australia 386 and in Nahiku Hawaii 387 ReferencesCitations Everett 2001 p 36 Giuliano amp Giuliano 1998 p 246 Gilmore 2002 pp 34 36 Schaal Eric 17 August 2019 The First Beatles Song George Harrison Played the Sitar on Showbiz Cheat Sheet Retrieved 30 November 2022 2015 Rock Hall inductees Radio com Archived from the original on 17 December 2014 Retrieved 16 December 2014 Harrison 2002 p 20 a b Miles 2001 p 6 Lewisohn 2013 pp 34 805n11 Anon 5 December 1992 This Week in Billboard PDF Billboard p 5 Archived PDF from the original on 22 January 2021 via worldradiohistory com Lewisohn 2013 p 805n11 Beatles Ireland George Harrison Irish Heritage Beatlesireland info Retrieved 28 May 2018 Gould 2007 p 55 Harry 2000 p 492 Leng 2006 p 24 Boyd 2007 p 82 Spitz 2005 p 120 Greene 2006 p 2 Harrison 2002 pp 20 21 Miles 2001 p 7 Inglis 2010 p xiii Everett 2001 p 36 Greene 2006 p 7 Harrison 2002 pp 22 23 Leng 2006 pp 302 303 04 Rock amp Roll Hall of Fame George Harrison Biography rockhall com Archived from the original on 12 September 2015 Retrieved 29 October 2015 Laing Dave 30 November 2001 George Harrison 1943 2001 Former Beatle George Harrison dies from cancer aged 58 The Guardian Archived from the original on 27 December 2013 Retrieved 25 December 2012 Leng 2006 pp 302 304 Harrison s earliest musical influences Lange 2001 p 6 The Beatles 2000 p 28 UK Retail Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Clark Gregory 2017 The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain 1209 to Present New Series MeasuringWorth Retrieved 11 June 2022 Babiuk 2002 p 17 Dutch Egmond Boyd 2007 p 82 His father was apprehensive about his interest in pursuing a music career The Beatles Browser Part Four Bill Harry Mersey Beat Triumphpc com 12 August 1964 Retrieved 28 May 2018 I heard about this kid at school who had a guitar at 3 10 Babiuk 2002 p 17 Everett 2001 p 36 A friend of his father s taught Harrison some chords Spitz 2005 p 120 Gray Sadie 20 July 2007 Lives in Brief Peter Harrison The Times Archived from the original on 10 August 2011 Retrieved 22 July 2007 subscription required Inglis 2010 pp xiii xiv Miles 2001 p 13 Spitz 2005 pp 125 126 Miles 1997 p 47 Spitz 2005 p 127 Davies 2009 pp 44 45 Lewisohn 1992 p 13 Boyd 2007 p 82 secondary source Davies 2009 p 55 secondary source Harrison 2002 p 29 primary source Lewisohn 2013 p 309 Miles 1997 pp 57 58 Miles 2001 p 27 Babiuk 2002 p 59 Miles 1997 pp 84 88 Greene 2006 p 34 Lewisohn 1992 pp 59 60 Laing Dave 30 November 2001 George Harrison 1943 2001 The Guardian Archived from the original on 27 December 2013 Retrieved 18 August 2018 George Harrison The quiet Beatle BBC News 30 November 2001 Archived from the original on 3 March 2008 Retrieved 18 August 2018 O Relly Terry How the Spanish Flu wasn t Spanish at all No 11 June 2020 CBC Radio One Pirate Radio Retrieved 13 June 2020 MacDonald 1998 pp 66 79 82 87 Everett 2001 p 193 MacDonald 1998 p 148fn Unterberger 2002 pp 180 181 Leng 2006 p 19 Everett 2001 pp 313 315 Womack 2007 pp 124 125 The Beatles 2000 p 194 Leng 2006 p 19 Schaffner 1980 pp 75 78 Everett 1999 pp 35 36 Everett 1999 pp 40 42 Leng 2006 p 22 secondary source Reck D B 1985 Beatles Orientalis Influences from Asia in a Popular Song Form Asian Music XVI 1 83 150 doi 10 2307 834014 JSTOR 834014 primary source Schaffner 1978 p 66 Winn 2009 p 74 Tillery 2011 pp 59 60 Tillery 2011 p 81 Everett 1999 pp 111 112 Leng 2006 pp 29 30 Lavezzoli 2006 pp 178 179 Everett 1999 pp 103 06 156 58 Clayson 2003 pp 214 15 a b Tillery 2011 p 63 Harrison 2002 p 118 Tillery 2011 p 87 Lewisohn 1992 pp 295 296 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31 July 2006 Updated 8 May 2013 Archived from the original on 31 May 2020 Retrieved 31 May 2020 a b c Roberts 2005 p 227 Schaffner 1978 p 142 Leng 2006 p 78 Leng 2006 p 101 Frontani 2009 pp 158 266 Gerson Ben 21 January 1971 George Harrison All Things Must Pass Rolling Stone Archived from the original on 28 April 2013 Retrieved 25 April 2013 Inglis 2010 p 30 Doggett 2009 pp 147 148 Doggett 2009 pp 251 252 Harry 2003 p 16 Harry 2003 pp 12 13 Concert for Bangladesh Concert For Bangladesh Archived from the original on 16 November 2012 Retrieved 1 January 2013 a b Harry 2003 pp 132 136 Rodriguez 2010 pp 319 20 Tillery 2011 p 100 a b Dooley Sean Patrick 1 August 2011 This Day in Music Spotlight George Harrison s Concert for Bangladesh Gibson Archived from the original on 31 January 2013 Retrieved 1 January 2013 Lavezzoli 2006 p 194 Doggett 2009 pp 181 206 Harry 2003 pp 132 138 Harry 2003 p 135 Mainly the concert was to attract attention to the situation Bronson 1992 p 336 Peak US chart position for Give Me Love Give Me Peace on Earth Rosen 1996 p 162 US chart data on Living in the Material World Schaffner 1978 pp 158 159 Greene 2006 p 194 Leng 2006 p 195 Inglis 2010 p 43 Leng 2006 pp 166 195 Inglis 2010 pp 48 49 Leng 2006 p 167 Doggett 2009 pp 224 228 Greene 2006 p 213 Huntley 2006 p 115 Inglis 2010 p 49 Leng 2006 p 162 an excellent show Tillery 2011 pp 114 115 a b Inglis 2010 p 49 Greene 2006 pp 213 214 Doggett 2009 pp 224 226 Rodriguez 2010 p 258 Leng 2006 pp 173 177 Greene 2006 p 213 Huntley 2006 p 114 Greene 2006 p 213 failed to reach the UK top 30 Harry 2003 pp 142 143 Peak US chart positions failure to impact UK charts Gilmore 2002 p 46 Leng 2006 p 180 Huntley 2006 p 129 Inglis 2010 pp 54 55 Leng 2006 p 179 Schaffner 1978 pp 209 210 Leng 2006 p 187 Harry 2003 pp 28 29 Schaffner 1978 p 188 a b Schaffner 1978 p 192 Schaffner 1978 pp 192 195 Woffinden 1981 pp 103 04 a b Glazer 1977 p 41 Rodriguez 2010 p 175 Huntley 2006 p 164 George Harrison George Harrison 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rock Los Angeles Times Archived from the original on 10 February 2013 Retrieved 2 January 2013 Leng 2006 pp 246 247 Doggett 2009 pp 294 295 Williams 2004 pp 129 138 Greene 2006 p 240 Tillery 2011 p 133 a b RIAA Gold amp Platinum Searchable Database Recording Industry Association of America RIAA Archived from the original on 1 February 2013 Retrieved 1 January 2013 Leng 2006 p 267 Harry 2003 p 98 Harry 2003 pp 28 98 Harry 2003 pp 28 98 99 Harry 2003 p 379 Hurwitz Matt 11 June 2007 Wilburys set to travel again USA Today Retrieved 2 January 2013 Doggett 2009 p 295 the Wilburys never performed live Harry 2003 p 381 the Wilburys did not record together again following the release of their second album Harry 2003 pp 374 375 Harry 2003 pp 374 378 Harry 2003 pp 250 252 Welch Chris 1 December 2001 George Harrison The Independent Archived from the original on 5 December 2008 Retrieved 29 December 2012 Harry 2003 p 150 Leng 2006 pp 273 274 Everett 1999 p 286 Harry 2000 p 428 Everett 1999 pp 287 292 Doggett 2009 p 319 Harrison refusing to record a third song Roberts 2005 p 54 release date for Real Love Huntley 2006 p 259 Badman 2001 p 568 Greene 2006 p 260 a b Lyall Sarah 31 December 1999 George Harrison Stabbed in Chest by an Intruder The New York Times Archived from the original on 4 July 2010 Retrieved 22 February 2010 Thorpe Vanessa 28 June 1998 George Harrison tells of battle with cancer The Independent Retrieved 28 May 2018 Badman 2001 p 586 a b Clayson 2003 p 444 Doggett 2009 pp 326 27 Huntley 2006 p 279 Idle 2005 pp 277 278 Haviland Lou 29 November 2019 The Horrifying Night When Former Beatle George Harrison Was Stabbed by a Crazed Fan Showbiz Cheat Sheet Retrieved 29 November 2019 a b Doggett 2009 pp 328 29 Greene 2006 p 266 Beatle s attacker says sorry BBC News 16 November 2000 Archived from the original on 3 January 2012 Retrieved 31 December 2012 Morris Steve 14 November 2000 The night George Harrison thought he was dying The Guardian Archived from the original on 23 October 2013 Retrieved 31 December 2012 Freed Beatle s attacker sorry BBC News 5 July 2002 Archived from the original on 8 May 2009 Retrieved 13 December 2008 Carter Helen 5 July 2002 George Harrison s attacker released from hospital The Guardian Jury Louise 4 May 2001 George Harrison undergoes surgery for cancer The Independent Archived from the original on 9 July 2010 Retrieved 29 December 2012 Fleck Fiona Laville Sandra 9 July 2001 George Harrison being treated in cancer clinic The Daily Telegraph Archived from the original on 24 May 2008 Retrieved 27 December 2008 Thorpe Vanessa Dowell Ben 3 September 2011 George Harrison and his women Martin Scorsese s new documentary reveals the candid truth The Guardian Archived from the original on 28 December 2013 Retrieved 22 January 2013 Carpenter Jeff 9 November 2001 George Harrison Receives Radiation Treatment ABC News Archived from the original on 4 June 2011 Retrieved 2 April 2010 Doggett 2009 pp 330 331 Civil Action CV040033 NGG Archived 18 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine PDF Complaint United States District Court Eastern District of New York The Estate of George Harrison v Gilbert Lederman The allegations about the autograph appear on page 10 of the Complaint Goldman Andrew 21 May 2005 The Doctor Can t Help Himself New York Archived from the original on 20 August 2009 Retrieved 31 May 2010 Doggett 2009 p 331 Glaberson William 17 January 2004 Harrison Estate Settles Suit Over Guitar Autographed by Dying Beatle The New York Times Archived from the original on 5 May 2013 Retrieved 31 May 2010 Fleming E J 2015 Hollywood Death and Scandal Sites McFarland p 125 ISBN 978 0786496440 Harry 2003 p 119 Harrison s date of death Norman 2017 p 733 Tillery 2011 p 148 Kahn 2020 p 543 Kahn 2020 pp 542 43 O Connor Anne Marie 25 March 2004 Inner peace movement Many in L A turn to Eastern spiritualism to be interior designers of their minds It s a tonic for frenzied lives Los Angeles Times Archived from the original on 5 March 2016 Retrieved 2 November 2015 Lavezzoli 2006 p 198 Doggett 2009 p 332 Harrison leaves 99m will BBC News 29 November 2002 Retrieved 19 September 2009 Harrison left 99 226 700 reduced to 98 916 400 after expenses a High Court spokeswoman confirmed Inglis 2010 p 118 Leng 2006 p 293 Inglis 2010 p 118 Leng 2006 p 300 Brainwashed George Harrison Awards AllMusic Archived from the original on 11 February 2013 Retrieved 31 December 2012 Grammy Award Winners The New York Times 16 January 2013 Archived from the original on 11 February 2009 Retrieved 24 December 2008 Simons David February 2003 The Unsung Beatle George Harrison s behind the scenes contributions to the world s greatest band Acoustic Guitar p 60 Archived from the original on 10 October 2007 Retrieved 11 December 2015 Womack amp Davis 2012 p 80 Harrison 2011 p 194 Harrison 2002 p 15 Kitts 2002 p 17 Harry 2003 pp 294 95 Perkins Harry 2000 pp 140 41 Berry Leng 2006 pp 4 5 a b c Everett 1999 p 13 Everett 2001 pp 62 63 136 a b Everett 2001 pp 134 135 Babiuk 2002 p 120 secret weapon Leng 2006 p 14 Harrison helped to popularise the model Doggett amp Hodgson 2004 p 82 Everett 2001 pp 284 285 Everett 1999 pp 47 49 51 Everett 1999 p 58 I Want to Tell You Lavezzoli 2006 pp 179 180 Harrison s guitar part for Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds Everett 1999 p 243 Everett 1999 p 244 Huntley 2006 p 35 Greene 2006 p 140 Leng 2006 p 42 Womack 2006 p 189 Leng 2006 pp 84 85 a b Leng 2006 p 109 Harry 2003 pp 29 30 Performing Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea with Holland Leng 2006 p 232 Hawaiian influence on Gone Troppo Lavezzoli 2006 p 198 Leng 2006 p 279 Huntley 2006 pp 149 232 Everett 1999 pp 65 She Said She Said 268 Golden Slumbers 196 Birthday 190 Honey Pie Leng 2006 p 205 Faster 230 Wake Up My Love 152 Bye Bye Love Leng 2006 p 20 Lavezzoli 2006 p 147 Harrison 2011 p 216 Lavezzoli 2006 p 172 Lavezzoli 2006 p 171 Lavezzoli 2006 pp 171 172 Lavezzoli 2006 pp 106 172 a b c d Lavezzoli 2006 p 176 Lavezzoli 2006 p 175 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pp 73 108 Leng 2006 p 140 Harry 2003 p 147 Doggett 2009 p 224 Inglis 2010 p 59 a b Doggett 2009 p 262 Harry 2003 p 147 Huntley 2006 p 106 Leng 2006 pp 138 148 169 171 328 Harry 2003 pp 146 149 Kot 2002 p 194 Walk a Thin Line Leng 2006 p 187 New York Connection Huntley 2006 pp 172 73 Badman 2001 pp 581 82 Harry 2003 pp 109 Distance Makes No Difference With Love 384 Under the Red Sky Huntley 2006 pp 303 304 Harry 2003 p 119 Babiuk 2002 pp 18 19 Hofner President Acoustic 22 Hofner Club 40 model Babiuk 2002 pp 25 27 Babiuk 2002 pp 110 112 Harrison used Gretsch models played through a Vox amplifier Bacon 2005 p 65 the Gretsch Duo Jet featured on the album cover for Cloud Nine Bacon 2005 p 65 Babiuk 2002 pp 52 55 Gretsch 6128 Duo Jet 89 91 99 101 Gretsch 6122 Country Gentleman 105 106 Gretsch 6119 62 Tennessee Rose Babiuk 2002 pp 94 97 Rickenbacker 425 Fireglo Smith 1987 pp 77 79 Harrison acquired his first Rickenbacker 360 12 in New York in February 1964 It was the second of its kind to be manufactured Babiuk 2002 p 157 Babiuk 2002 pp 180 182 198 Epiphone Casino Babiuk 2002 pp 72 75 Gibson J 160E 180 183 Fender Stratocaster and Gibson SG Babiuk 2002 pp 156 157 206 207 Fender Stratocaster Rocky Babiuk 2002 pp 224 225 Winn 2009 p 210 Babiuk 2002 pp 224 225 Gibson Les Paul Lucy Babiuk 2002 pp 223 224 Gibson Jumbo J 200 Harrison 2011 pp 202 03 Newscaster Fender Experience Fender News Archived from the original on 29 November 2014 Babiuk 2002 pp 237 239 Fender Telecaster Leng 2006 p 65 Hall Russell 3 November 2014 Badfinger Straight Up and the Famous George Harrison Pete Ham Cherry Red SG Standard Gibson Archived from the original on 18 August 2018 Retrieved 18 August 2018 Fender Limited Edition George Harrison Rosewood Telecaster with Case American Musical Archived from the original on 23 August 2017 Retrieved 22 August 2017 Lavezzoli 2006 p 187 a b Dawtrey 2002 p 204 Badman 2001 p 90 Clayson 2003 p 346 370 a b Harry 2003 p 211 Davies 2009 pp 362 363 Doggett 2009 p 262 Harry 2003 pp 211 212 a b c d Barber Nicholas 3 April 2019 How George Harrison and a very naughty boy saved British cinema The Guardian Retrieved 3 April 2019 Harry 2003 p 212 a b Inglis 2010 p 83 Leng 2006 p 244 Inglis 2010 p xvi Sellers 2013 p page needed Dawtrey 2002 p 207 Harry 2003 pp 214 15 Morris Chris George Harrison Wins 11 6 Mill In Suit Vs Ex Partner Billboard 3 February 1996 13 The Concert For Bangladesh The Concert For Bangladesh Archived from the original on 12 October 2011 Retrieved 13 October 2011 Leng 2006 p 112 Frontani 2009 pp 158 59 Doggett 2009 pp 173 174 Cinema Sweet Sounds Time 17 April 1972 Archived from the original on 25 November 2011 Retrieved 13 October 2011 Harry 2003 p 137 Lavezzoli 2006 p 193 Badman 2001 p 274 Leng 2006 p 214 Badman 2001 p 248 Harry 2003 p 85 Clayson 2003 p 388 Huntley 2006 p 196 Harry 2003 pp 99 100 Tillery 2011 p 135 Clayson 2003 p 424 Tillery 2011 pp 135 36 Harry 2003 p 135 a b The George Harrison Fund for UNICEF UNICEF Archived from the original on 29 September 2011 Retrieved 13 October 2011 Ravi Shankar Receives First Ever George Harrison Humanitarian Award georgeharrison com 13 October 2009 Archived from the original on 12 October 2011 Retrieved 13 October 2011 Schaffner 1980 pp 77 78 Lavezzoli 2006 p 173 a b Doggett 2009 p 33 The Beatles 2000 p 260 The Beatles 2000 Greene 2006 p 69 In line with the Hindu yoga tradition Clayson 2003 p 208 Greene 2006 p 158 Harrison became a vegetarian in the late 1960s Greene 2006 pp 68 73 Tillery 2011 pp 56 58 a b Partridge 2004 p 153 Clayson 2003 pp 267 70 Cremo 1997 pp 26 27 Huntley 2006 p 87 Tillery 2011 p 111 Tillery 2011 p 78 Glazer 1977 pp 39 40 Inglis 2010 p 11 Miles 2007 p 210 Boyd 2007 p 60 CBS The Musical Retrieved 5 August 2022 via YouTube Badman 2001 p 210 Divorce date Doggett 2009 p 209 separated in 1974 Boyd 2007 pp 179 180 Boyd 2007 p 181 Doggett 2009 p 261 Harry 2003 p 227 Leng 2006 p 53 Huntley 2006 p 120 Rodriguez 2010 p 424 Greene 2006 pp 220 21 Harrison Olivia 2004 The History of Dark Horse 1976 1992 The Dark Horse Years 1976 1992 DVD booklet George Harrison Dark Horse Records EMI pp 4 7 Harry 2003 pp 217 218 223 224 Inglis 2010 pp 50 82 Greene 2006 pp 226 227 Leng 2006 p 94 Tillery 2011 p 128 Huntley 2006 p 283 Davies 2009 p 360 Harrison 2011 p 357 Huntley 2006 p 170 Tillery 2011 p 121 Doggett 2009 pp 265 266 I Me Mine said little about the Beatles Huntley 2006 p 170 Derek Taylor helped Harrison write the book Tillery 2011 p 121 I Me Mine included the lyrics with comments by Harrison Doggett 2009 p 266 a b Buckley 2004 p 127 BBC On This Day 1955 Moss claims first Grand Prix victory BBC News 17 July 1955 Archived from the original on 7 March 2008 Retrieved 23 December 2008 Huntley 2006 p 167 Knapman Chris 12 December 2011 Ex Beatles Aston Martin sells at auction The Telegraph Archived from the original on 3 January 2013 Retrieved 29 December 2012 Mystery Texas Collector to Give Beatle George Harrison s Aston Martin DB5 its U S Debut at The Concours d Elegance of Texas Houston Chronicle Archived from the original on 11 January 2013 Retrieved 29 December 2012 Davies 2009 p 325 The Beatles 2000 p 357 Sheff 1981 p 148 Tillery 2011 p 122 Harrison 1975 p event occurs at 30 minutes 3 15 seconds Inglis 2010 pp xiii xiv Goodman Joan December 1984 Playboy interview Paul and Linda McCartney Playboy p 84 Poole Oliver Davies Hugh 1 December 2001 I ll always love him he s my baby brother says tearful McCartney The Daily Telegraph London England Archived from the original on 7 May 2012 Retrieved 22 January 2013 Badman 2001 pp 138 139 Gilmore 2002 p 48 Rodriguez 2010 p 24 George Harrison Yahoo Chat Transcript 02 15 2001 Steve Hoffman Music Forums a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Most Excellent Order of the British Empire The London Gazette supplement 4 June 1965 pp 5487 5489 Archived from the original on 11 January 2009 Retrieved 11 May 2010 Lewisohn 1992 pp 203 204 Results Page Academy Awards Database Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Archived from the original on 15 April 2013 Retrieved 29 December 2012 4149 Harrison Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Archived from the original on 9 April 2010 Dahlia Name Origins Dahlia World Archived from the original on 20 April 2016 Retrieved 3 April 2016 Billboard Century Awards Music Artists Biography Music Artist Interviews Billboard Archived from the original on 30 April 2008 Retrieved 19 December 2008 White Timothy 5 December 1992 George Harrison First Recipient of the Century Award Billboard p 21 Petty 2011 p 58 a b Harry 2003 pp 138 139 Doggett 2009 p 262 one of the few morally good people Harry 2003 pp 138 139 Eric Idle performed Python s Lumberjack Song For his posthumous induction into the Madison Square Garden Walk of Fame see Carter Rachel Bonham 1 August 2006 George Harrison honoured on 35th anniversary of Concert for Bangladesh UNICEF Archived from the original on 11 December 2008 Retrieved 19 December 2008 For his posthumous induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a solo artist see George Harrison Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Archived from the original on 5 May 2013 Retrieved 25 April 2013 George Harrison honoured on Hollywood Walk of Fame CBC News 15 April 2009 Archived from the original on 10 February 2013 Retrieved 29 December 2012 Scorsese s George Harrison film gets Liverpool premiere BBC News 15 September 2011 Archived from the original on 24 September 2011 Retrieved 10 October 2011 George Harrison Honored with Lifetime Achievement Grammy jambands com 28 December 2014 Archived from the original on 29 December 2014 Retrieved 28 December 2014 2015 Lifetime Achievement Award George Harrison National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences 6 February 2015 Archived from the original on 29 September 2015 Retrieved 28 September 2015 General and cited sources Babiuk Andy 2002 Bacon Tony ed Beatles Gear All the Fab Four s Instruments from Stage to Studio revised ed Backbeat Books ISBN 978 0 87930 731 8 The Beatles 2000 The Beatles Anthology Chronicle Books ISBN 978 0 8118 3636 4 Bacon Tony 2005 50 Years of Gretsch Electrics Backbeat Books ISBN 978 0 87930 822 3 Badman Keith 2001 1999 The Beatles Diary Volume 2 After the Break Up 1970 2001 Omnibus Press ISBN 978 0 7119 8307 6 Bogdanov Vladimir Woodstra Chris Erlewine Stephen Thomas 2002 All Music Guide to Rock Backbeat Books ISBN 978 0 87930 653 3 Boyd Pattie with Junor Penny 2007 Wonderful Today The Autobiography London Headline Review ISBN 978 0 7553 1646 5 Bronson Fred 1992 Weiler Fred ed The Billboard Book of Number One Hits 3rd revised ed Billboard Books ISBN 978 0 8230 8298 8 Buckley Martin 2004 Cars of the Super Rich MotorBooks MBI Publishing Company ISBN 978 0 7603 1953 6 Clayson Alan 2003 George Harrison London Sanctuary ISBN 978 1 86074 489 1 Cremo Michael A ed 1997 Chant and Be Happy The Power of Mantra Meditation Los Angeles CA Bhaktivedanta Book Trust ISBN 978 0 89213 118 1 Davies Hunter 2009 1968 The Beatles The Authorized Biography 3rd revised ed W W Norton amp Company ISBN 978 0 393 33874 4 Dawtrey Adam 2002 Adventures on Screen In Fine Jason ed Harrison By the Editors of Rolling Stone Simon amp Schuster ISBN 978 0 7432 3581 5 Doggett Peter 2009 You Never Give Me Your Money The Beatles After the Breakup HarperCollins ISBN 978 0 06 177418 8 Doggett Peter Hodgson Sarah 2004 Christie s Rock and Pop Memorabilia Pavilion ISBN 978 0 8230 0649 6 Everett Walter 1999 The Beatles as Musicians Revolver through the Anthology Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 512941 0 Everett Walter 2001 The Beatles as Musicians The Quarry Men Through Rubber Soul Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 514105 4 Fawcett Anthony 1977 John Lennon One Day at a Time A Personal Biography of the Seventies New English Library ISBN 978 0 450 03073 4 Fricke David 2002 The Stories Behind the Songs In Fine Jason ed Harrison By the Editors of Rolling Stone Simon amp Schuster ISBN 978 0 7432 3581 5 Frontani Michael 2009 The Solo Years In Womack Kenneth ed The Cambridge Companion to the Beatles Cambridge Companions to Music Cambridge UK Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 1 1398 2806 2 George Warren Holly ed 2001 The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock amp Roll 2005 revised and updated ed Fireside ISBN 978 0 7432 9201 6 Gilmore Mikal 2002 The Mystery Inside George In Fine Jason ed Harrison By the Editors of Rolling Stone Simon amp Schuster ISBN 978 0 7432 3581 5 Giuliano Geoffrey Giuliano Brenda 1998 The Lost Lennon Interviews Omnibus Press ISBN 978 0 7119 6470 9 Glazer Mitchell 1977 Growing Up at 33 The George Harrison Interview Crawdaddy February Gould Jonathan 2007 Can t Buy Me Love The Beatles Britain and America First Paperback ed Three Rivers Press ISBN 978 0 307 35338 2 Greene Joshua M 2006 Here Comes the Sun The Spiritual and Musical Journey of George Harrison John Wiley and Sons ISBN 978 0 470 12780 3 Harrison George 2002 1980 I Me Mine Phoenix ISBN 978 0 7538 1734 6 Harrison Olivia 2011 George Harrison Living in the Material World Abrams ISBN 978 1 4197 0220 4 Harrison George 5 October 1975 Rock Around the World 61 Interview Interviewed by Alan Freeman Harry Bill 2000 The Beatles Encyclopedia Revised and Updated Virgin Publishing Ltd ISBN 978 0 7535 0481 9 Harry Bill 2003 The George Harrison Encyclopedia Virgin Publishing Ltd ISBN 978 0 7535 0822 0 Howard David 2004 Sonic Alchemy Visionary Music Producers and Their Maverick Recordings Hal Leonard Corporation ISBN 978 0 634 05560 7 Huntley Elliot 2006 2004 Mystical One George Harrison After the Break up of the Beatles Guernica Editions ISBN 978 1 55071 197 4 Idle Eric 2005 The Greedy Bastard Diary A Comic Tour of America Harper Entertainment ISBN 978 0 06 075864 6 Inglis Ian 2010 The Words and Music of George Harrison Praeger ISBN 978 0 313 37532 3 Keltner Jim 2002 Remembering George In Fine Jason ed Harrison By the Editors of Rolling Stone Simon amp Schuster ISBN 978 0 7432 3581 5 Kahn Ashley ed 2020 George Harrison on George Harrison Interviews and Encounters Chicago IL Chicago Review Press ISBN 978 1 64160 051 4 Kitts Jeff 2002 Guitar World Presents the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time Hal Leonard Corporation ISBN 978 0 634 04619 3 Kot Greg 2002 Other Recordings In Fine Jason ed Harrison By the Editors of Rolling Stone Simon amp Schuster ISBN 978 0 7432 3581 5 Lange Larry 2001 The Beatles Way Fab Wisdom for Everyday Life Atria Books ISBN 978 1 58270 061 8 Lavezzoli Peter 2006 The Dawn of Indian Music in the West Continuum ISBN 978 0 8264 1815 9 Leng Simon 2006 2003 While My Guitar Gently Weeps The Music of George Harrison SAF Publishing Ltd ISBN 978 1 4234 0609 9 Lewisohn Mark 1992 The Complete Beatles Chronicle The Definitive Day By Day Guide to the Beatles Entire Career 2010 ed Chicago Review Press ISBN 978 1 56976 534 0 Lewisohn Mark 1988 The Complete Beatles Recording Sessions Harmony ISBN 978 0 517 57066 1 Lewisohn Mark 2013 The Beatles All These Years Volume I Tune In New York Crown Archetype ISBN 978 1 4000 8305 3 Li Christopher 2019 George Harrison und die Komplementaritat von Ost und West Baden Baden Tectum Verlag ISBN 978 3 8288 4411 7 MacDonald Ian 1998 Revolution in the Head The Beatles Records and the Sixties London Pimlico ISBN 978 0 7126 6697 8 Matovina Dan 2000 Without You The Tragic Story of Badfinger Frances Glover Books ISBN 978 0 9657122 2 4 Miles Barry 1997 Many Years From Now Vintage Random House ISBN 978 0 436 28022 1 Miles Barry 2007 The Beatles Diary An Intimate Day by Day History World Publications Group ISBN 978 1 57215 010 2 Miles Barry 2001 The Beatles Diary Volume 1 The Beatles Years Omnibus Press ISBN 978 0 7119 8308 3 Norman Philip 2017 Paul McCartney the Biography London Weidenfeld amp Nicolson ISBN 978 1 780 22640 8 Partridge Christopher 2004 The Re enchantment of the West Alternative Spiritualities Sacralisation Popular Culture and Occulture Vol 1 illustrated ed Continuum ISBN 978 0 567 08408 8 Petty Tom 8 December 2011 Wenner Jann ed Rolling Stone The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time George Harrison Rolling Stone No 1145 Roberts David ed 2005 British Hit Singles amp Albums 18 ed Guinness World Records Limited ISBN 978 1 904994 00 8 Rodriguez Robert 2010 Fab Four FAQ 2 0 The Beatles Solo Years 1970 1980 Backbeat Books ISBN 978 1 4165 9093 4 Rosen Craig 1996 Lukas Paul ed The Billboard Book of Number One Albums Billboard ISBN 978 0 8230 7586 7 Schaffner Nicholas 1978 The Beatles Forever Mcgraw Hill ISBN 978 0 07 055087 2 Schaffner Nicholas 1980 The Boys from Liverpool John Paul George and Ringo Taylor amp Francis ISBN 978 0 416 30661 3 Schinder Scott Schwartz Andy 2008 Icons of Rock An Encyclopedia of the Legends who Changed Music Forever Greenwood Press ISBN 978 0 313 33845 8 Sellers Robert 2013 Very Naughty Boys The Amazing True Stories of HandMade Films London Titan Books ISBN 978 1 78116 708 3 Sheff David 1981 Golson G Barry ed All We Are Saying The Last Major Interview with John Lennon and Yoko Ono 2000 ed St Martin s Griffin ISBN 978 0 312 25464 3 Smith Richard 1987 The History of Rickenbacker Guitars Centerstream Publications ISBN 978 0 931759 15 4 Spignesi Stephen Lewis Michael 2009 100 Best Beatles Songs A Passionate Fan s Guide Black Dog amp Leventhal ISBN 978 1 57912 842 5 Spitz Bob 2005 The Beatles The Biography Little Brown and Company ISBN 978 0 316 01331 4 Strong Martin 2004 The Great Rock Discography 7th ed Canongate ISBN 978 1 84195 615 2 Sullivan Steve 2013 Encyclopedia of Great Popular Song Recordings Volume 2 Lanham MD Scarecrow Press ISBN 978 0 8108 8296 6 Tillery Gary 2011 Working Class Mystic A Spiritual Biography of George Harrison Quest ISBN 978 0 8356 0900 5 Unterberger Richie 2002 Turn Turn Turn The 60s Folk rock Revolution Backbeat Books ISBN 978 0 87930 703 5 Williams Paul 2004 Bob Dylan Performing Artist 1986 1990 amp Beyond Mind Out of Time Omnibus Press ISBN 978 1 84449 281 7 Winn John 2009 That Magic Feeling The Beatles Recorded Legacy Volume Two 1966 1970 Three Rivers Press ISBN 978 0 307 45239 9 Woffinden Bob 1981 The Beatles Apart London Proteus ISBN 978 0 906071 89 2 Womack Kenneth 2007 Long and Winding Roads The Evolving Artistry of the Beatles Continuum ISBN 978 0 8264 1746 6 Womack Kenneth 2006 2002 Ten Great Beatles Moments In Skinner Sawyers June ed Read the Beatles Classic and New Writings on the Beatles Their Legacy and Why They Still Matter Penguin Books ISBN 978 0 14 303732 3 Womack Kenneth Davis Todd F 2012 Reading the Beatles Cultural Studies Literary Criticism and the Fab Four SUNY Press ISBN 978 0 7914 8196 7 Zolten Jerry 2009 The Beatles as recording artists In Womack Kenneth ed The Cambridge Companion to the Beatles Cambridge Companions to Music Cambridge UK Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 1 1398 2806 2 Further readingBarrow Tony 2005 John Paul George Ringo amp Me The Real Beatles Story Thunder s Mouth ISBN 978 1 56025 882 7 Ingham Chris 2009 The Rough Guide to the Beatles The Story the Songs the Solo Years 3rd ed Rough Guides ISBN 978 1 84353 140 1 Kirchherr Astrid Voormann Klaus 1999 Hamburg Days Genesis Publications ISBN 978 0 904351 73 6 Martin George 1979 All You Need Is Ears St Martin s Press ISBN 978 0 312 11482 4 Martin George Pearson William 1994 Summer of Love The Making of Sgt Pepper Macmillan ISBN 978 0 333 60398 7 Unterberger Richie 2006 The Unreleased Beatles Music amp Film Backbeat Books ISBN 978 0 87930 892 6 Documentaries Scorsese Martin 2012 George Harrison Living in the Material World Anamorphic Color Dolby NTSC Surround Sound Widescreen DVD UMe ASIN B007JWKLMO External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to George Harrison Wikiquote has quotations related to George Harrison George Harrison 1974 concert in Fort Worth from Texas Archive of the Moving Image George Harrison at AllMusic George Harrison s Greatest Musical Moments Archived 4 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine Rolling Stone George Harrison Rock and Roll Hall of Fame George Harrison Daily Telegraph obituary George Harrison in the Hollywood Walk of Fame Directory George Harrison at IMDb George Harrison at the TCM Movie Database BBC News George Harrison dies George Harrison Life in pictures George Harrison The quiet Beatle Portals Music Biography Hinduism England United States Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title George Harrison amp oldid 1141455840, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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