October 25

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2023

October 25 in recent years

2022 (Tuesday)

2021 (Monday)

2020 (Sunday)

2019 (Friday)

2018 (Thursday)

2017 (Wednesday)

2016 (Tuesday)

2015 (Sunday)

2014 (Saturday)

2013 (Friday)

October 25 is the 298th day of the year (299th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 67 days remain until the end of the year.

Events

Pre-1600

• 285 (or 286) – Execution of Saints Crispin and Crispinian during the reign of Diocletian, now the patron saints of leather workers, curriers, and shoemakers.
• 473 – Emperor Leo I acclaims his grandson Leo II as Caesar of the East Roman Empire.
• 1147 – Seljuk Turks defeat German crusaders under Conrad III at the Battle of Dorylaeum.
• 1147 – Reconquista: After a siege of four months, crusader knights reconquer Lisbon.
• 1415 – Hundred Years' War: Henry V of England, with his lightly armoured infantry and archers, defeats the heavily armoured French cavalry in the Battle of Agincourt.

1601–1900

• 1616 – Dutch sea-captain Dirk Hartog makes the second recorded landfall by a European on Australian soil, at the later-named Dirk Hartog Island off the West Australian coast.
• 1747 – War of the Austrian Succession: A British fleet under Admiral Edward Hawke defeats the French at the Second Battle of Cape Finisterre.
• 1760 – King George III succeeds to the British throne on the death of his grandfather George II.^[1]
• 1812 – War of 1812: The American frigate, USS United States, commanded by Stephen Decatur, captures the British frigate HMS Macedonian.
• 1822 – Greek War of Independence: The First Siege of Missolonghi begins.
• 1854 – The Battle of Balaclava takes place during the Crimean War. It is soon memorialized in verse as The Charge of the Light Brigade.
• 1861 – The Toronto Stock Exchange is created.
• 1868 – The Uspenski Cathedral, designed by Aleksey Gornostayev, is inaugurated in Helsinki, Finland.^[2]
• 1900 – The United Kingdom annexes the Transvaal.

1901–present

• 1911 – The Xinhai Revolution spreads to Guangzhou, where the Qing general Feng-shan is assassinated by the Chinese Assassination Corps.^[3]
• 1917 – Old Style date of the October Revolution in Russia.
• 1920 – After 74 days on hunger strike in Brixton Prison, England, the Sinn Féin Lord Mayor of Cork, Terence MacSwiney dies.
• 1924 – The Zinoviev letter, which Zinoviev himself denied writing, is published in the Daily Mail; the Labour party would later blame this letter for the Conservatives' landslide election win four days later.
• 1927 – The Italian luxury liner SS Principessa Mafalda sinks off the coast of Brazil, killing 314.
• 1932 – George Lansbury became the leader of the opposition British Labour Party.^[4]
• 1940 – Benjamin O. Davis Sr. is named the first African American general in the United States Army.
• 1944 – World War II: Heinrich Himmler orders a crackdown on the Edelweiss Pirates, a loosely organized youth culture in Nazi Germany that had assisted army deserters and others to hide from the Third Reich.
• 1944 – World War II: The USS Tang under Richard O'Kane (the top American submarine ace of the war) is sunk by the ship's own malfunctioning torpedo.
• 1944 – World War II: The final attempt of the Imperial Japanese Navy to win the war climaxes at the Battle of Leyte Gulf.
• 1945 – Fifty years of Japanese administration of Taiwan formally ends when the Republic of China assumes control.
• 1949 – The Battle of Guningtou in the Taiwan Strait begins.
• 1962 – Cuban Missile Crisis: Adlai Stevenson shows the United Nations Security Council reconnaissance photographs of Soviet ballistic missiles in Cuba.
• 1968 – A Fairchild F-27 crashes into Moose Mountain while on approach to Lebanon Municipal Airport in Lebanon, New Hampshire, killing 32 people.^[5]
• 1971 – The People's Republic of China replaces the Republic of China at the United Nations.
• 1973 – Egypt and Israel accept United Nations Security Council Resolution 339.
• 1980 – Proceedings on the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction conclude.
• 1983 – The United States and its Caribbean allies invade Grenada, six days after Prime Minister Maurice Bishop and several of his supporters are executed in a coup d'état.
• 1995 – A commuter train slams into a school bus in Fox River Grove, Illinois, killing seven students.
• 1997 – After a civil war, Denis Sassou Nguesso proclaims himself President of the Republic of the Congo.
• 1999 – A Learjet 35 crashes in Mina near Aberdeen, South Dakota, killing all six people on board, including PGA golfer Payne Stewart.^[6]
• 2001 – Microsoft releases Windows XP, which becomes one of Microsoft's most successful operating systems.^[7]
• 2009 – The October 2009 Baghdad bombings kill 155 and wound at least 721.
• 2010 – Mount Merapi in Indonesia begins a month-long series of violent eruptions that kill 353 people and cause the evacuation of another 350,000 people.^[8]
• 2010 – A magnitude 7.8 earthquake strikes off Indonesia's Mentawai Islands, triggering a tsunami that kills at least 400 people.^[9]

Births

Pre-1600

• 840 – Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar, founder of the Saffarid dynasty (d. 879)
• 1102 – William Clito, French son of Sybilla of Conversano (d. 1128)
• 1330 – Louis II, Count of Flanders, (d. 1384)
• 1453 – Giuliano de' Medici (d. 1478)^[10]
• 1510 – Renée of France (d. 1574)
• 1574 – François de Sourdis, French Catholic prelate (d. 1628)
• 1589 – Jan Stanisław Sapieha, Polish-Lithuanian noble (d. 1635)

1601–1900

• 1612 – James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose, Scottish soldier (d. 1650)
• 1667 – Louis Frederick I, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (d. 1718)
• 1683 – Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Grafton, English-Irish politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (d. 1757)
• 1692 – Elisabeth Farnese, Queen of Spain (d. 1766)
• 1709 – Georg Gebel, German organist and composer (d. 1753)
• 1714 – James Burnett, Lord Monboddo, Scottish judge (d. 1799)
• 1736 – Thomas Mullins, 1st Baron Ventry, Anglo-Irish politician and peer (d. 1824)
• 1743 – Friedrich Karl August, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont (d. 1812)
• 1749 – Erik Magnus Staël von Holstein, Swedish chamberlain (d. 1802)
• 1754 – Richard Howell, 3rd Governor of New Jersey (d. 1802)
• 1755 – François Joseph Lefebvre, French military commander (d. 1820)
• 1757 – Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum Stein, Prussian statesman (d. 1831)
• 1759 – Maria Feodorovna, Russian wife of Paul I of Russia (d. 1828)
• 1759 – William Grenville, English academic and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1834)
• 1760 – Arnold Hermann Ludwig Heeren, German historian (d. 1842)
• 1767 – Benjamin Constant, Swiss-French philosopher and politician (d. 1830)
• 1768 – Frederick William, ruler of Nassau-Weilburg (d. 1816)
• 1772 – Victoire de Donnissan de La Rochejaquelein, French memoirist (d. 1857)
• 1772 – Géraud Duroc, French general and diplomat (d. 1813)
• 1779 – Pedro Velarde y Santillán, Spanish artillery captain (d. 1808)
• 1781 – Friedrich von Berchtold, Bohemian physician and botanist (d. 1876)
• 1782 – Levi Lincoln Jr., American lawyer and politician, 13th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1868)
• 1789 – Carlos María de Alvear, Argentine soldier and statesman (d. 1852)
• 1789 – Heinrich Schwabe, German astronomer (d. 1875)
• 1790 – Robert Stirling, Scottish clergyman and inventor (d. 1878)
• 1792 – Jeanne Jugan, French nun (d. 1879)
• 1795 – John P. Kennedy, American novelist and Whig politician (d. 1870)
• 1800 – Maria Jane Jewsbury, English writer, poet, literary reviewer (d. 1833)^[11]
• 1800 – Thomas Babington Macaulay, English poet, historian, and politician, Secretary at War (d. 1859)
• 1800 – Jacques Paul Migne, French priest (d. 1875)
• 1800 – Julius von Mohl, German orientalist (d. 1876)
• 1802 – Richard Parkes Bonington, English painter (d. 1828)
• 1802 – Joseph Montferrand, Canadian logger and strongman (d. 1864)
• 1803 – Maria Doolaeghe, Flemish novelist (d. 1884)^[12]
• 1806 – Max Stirner, German philosopher and author (d. 1856)
• 1811 – Évariste Galois, French mathematician and theorist (d. 1832)
• 1814 – Prince Louis, Duke of Nemours (d. 1896)
• 1815 – Camillo Sivori, Italian virtuoso violinist and composer (d. 1894)
• 1819 – Christian August Friedrich Garcke, German botanist (d. 1904)
• 1821 – Antonio Ciseri, Swiss-Italian painter (d. 1891)
• 1825 – Johann Strauss II, Austrian composer and educator (d. 1899)
• 1825 – Johann Friedrich Julius Schmidt, German astronomer and geophysicist (d. 1884)
• 1827 – Marcellin Berthelot, French chemist and politician (d. 1907)
• 1832 – Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia (d. 1909)
• 1838 – Georges Bizet, French pianist and composer (d. 1875)
• 1838 – James Maybrick, English cotton merchant, victim of the "Aigburth Poisoning" (d. 1889)
• 1844 – Philip Wicksteed, English economist (d. 1927)
• 1848 – Carlo Emery, Italian entomologist (d. 1925)
• 1848 – Karl Emil Franzos, Austrian novelist (d. 1904)
• 1852 – Dmitry Mamin-Sibiryak, Russian author (d. 1912)
• 1853 – Karl August Otto Hoffmann, German botanist (d. 1909)
• 1856 – Dragutin Gorjanović-Kramberger, Croatian geologist, paleontologist, and archaeologist (d. 1936)
• 1858 – Take Ionescu, Romanian politician, diplomat, journalist and lawyer (d. 1922)
• 1864 – John Francis Dodge, American businessman, co-founded the Dodge Company (d. 1920)
• 1864 – Alexander Gretchaninov, Russian-American pianist and composer (d. 1956)
• 1864 – Toktogul Satylganov, Kyrgyz Akyn, poet and singer (d. 1933)
• 1866 – Thomas Armat, American mechanic and inventor (d. 1948)
• 1866 – Norbert Klein, Bishop of Brno (d. 1933)
• 1866 – Georg Schumann, German composer (d. 1952)
• 1867 – Józef Dowbor-Muśnicki, Polish general (d. 1937)
• 1868 – Dan Burke, American baseball player (d. 1933)
• 1868 – Oskar Kallas, Estonian linguist and diplomat (d. 1946)
• 1874 – Emma Gramatica, Italian actress (d. 1965)
• 1874 – Victor Sonnemans, Belgian water polo player (d. 1962)
• 1874 – Huang Xing, Chinese revolutionary leader and statesman (d. 1916)
• 1875 – Carolyn Sherwin Bailey, American author and educator (d. 1961)^[13]
• 1875 – Arthur Birkett, British cricketer (d. 1941)
• 1877 – Adolf Moller, German rower (d. 1968)
• 1877 – Henry Norris Russell, American astronomer (d. 1957)
• 1879 – Fritz Haarmann, German serial killer (d. 1925)
• 1880 – Bohumír Šmeral, Czech politician (d. 1941)
• 1881 – Pablo Picasso, Spanish painter and sculptor (d. 1973)
• 1882 – John T. Flynn, American journalist and author (d. 1964)
• 1882 – Tony Jackson, American singer-songwriter and pianist (d. 1921)
• 1882 – André-Damien-Ferdinand Jullien, French Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church (d. 1964)
• 1882 – Theodora Agnes Peck, American author and poet (d. 1964)^[14]
• 1883 – Nikolay Krestinsky, Russian revolutionary and politician (d. 1938)
• 1884 – Maria Czaplicka, Polish cultural anthropologist (d. 1921)
• 1885 – Sam M. Lewis, American singer and lyricist (d. 1959)
• 1885 – Xavier Lesage, French equestrian (d. 1968)
• 1886 – Leo G. Carroll, English-American actor (d. 1972)
• 1886 – Karl Polanyi, Austro-Hungarian economist and historian (d. 1964)
• 1887 – Alexander McCulloch, British rower (d. 1951)
• 1888 – Richard E. Byrd, American admiral and pilot (d. 1957)
• 1888 – Nils Dardel, Swedish-American painter (d. 1943)
• 1888 – Jan Palouš, Czechoslovak ice hockey player (d. 1971)
• 1888 – Léon Tom, Belgian fencer and bobsledder
• 1889 – Abel Gance, French actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1981)
• 1890 – Floyd Bennett, American aviator (d. 1928)
• 1890 – Kōtarō Tanaka, Japanese jurist and politician (d. 1974)
• 1891 – Charles Coughlin, Canadian-American priest and radio host (d. 1979)
• 1891 – Karl Elmendorff, German conductor (d. 1962)
• 1892 – Nell Shipman, Canadian-American actress, screenwriter, and producer (d. 1970)
• 1894 – Claude Cahun, French photographer and sculptor (d. 1954)
• 1894 – Âşık Veysel Şatıroğlu, Turkish poet and songwriter (d. 1973)
• 1894 – Johan Wilhelm Rangell, Prime Minister of Finland (d. 1982)
• 1895 – Levi Eshkol, Ukrainian-Israeli soldier and politician, 3rd Prime Minister of Israel (d. 1969)
• 1895 – Vsevolod Merkulov, Russian head of the NKGB (d. 1953)
• 1895 – Arthur Schmidt, German officer (d. 1987)
• 1896 – Nils Backlund, Swedish water polo player (d. 1964)
• 1897 – Erwin von Lahousen, German Abwehr official (d. 1955)
• 1897 – Karl Olivecrona, Swedish lawyer and philosopher (d. 1980)
• 1897 – Luigi Pavese, Italian actor (d. 1969)
• 1898 – Karl Anton, German director, screenwriter and producer (d. 1979)
• 1899 – Armand Thirard, French cinematographer (d. 1973)
• 1900 – Johan Greter, Dutch equestrian (d. 1975)
• 1900 – Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti, Nigerian educator and activist (d. 1978)^[15]
• 1900 – William Stevenson, American track and fielder (d. 1985)

1901–present

• 1901 – Roy Fox, British dance bandleader (d. 1982)^[16]

• 1902 – Henry Steele Commager, American historian and author (d. 1998)
• 1902 – Carlo Gnocchi, Italian priest, educator and writer (d. 1956)
• 1902 – Eddie Lang, American jazz guitarist (d. 1933)
• 1903 – Piet van der Horst, Dutch cyclist (d. 1983)
• 1904 – Cemal Reşit Rey, Turkish pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1985)
• 1904 – Denny Shute, American golfer (d. 1974)
• 1904 – Bill Tytla, Ukrainian-American animator (d. 1968)
• 1905 – Bob McPhail, Scottish footballer (d. 2000)
• 1906 – Karl Humenberger, Austrian footballer (d. 1989)
• 1908 – Carmen Dillon, English film and production designer (d. 2000)
• 1908 – Gotthard Handrick, German fighter pilot and Olympic athlete (d. 1978)
• 1908 – Polly Ann Young, American actress (d. 1997)
• 1909 – Whit Bissell, American actor (d. 1996)
• 1909 – Jean-Paul Le Chanois, French actor, director and screenwriter (d. 1985)
• 1909 – Ken Domon, Japanese photographer (d. 1990)
• 1909 – Edward Flynn, American boxer (d. 1976)
• 1910 – William Higinbotham, American physicist and video game designer (d. 1994)
• 1910 – Johnny Mauro, American race car driver (d. 2003)
• 1910 – Tyrus Wong, Chinese-American artist (d. 2016)
• 1912 – Abdelkader Ben Bouali, French footballer (d. 1997)
• 1912 – Alfred Klingler, German field handballer
• 1912 – Minnie Pearl, American entertainer and philanthropist (d. 1996)
• 1912 – Luigi Raimondi, Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church (d. 1975)
• 1913 – Klaus Barbie, German SS captain (d. 1991)
• 1913 – Anton Kochinyan, Soviet-Armenian politician (d. 1990)
• 1914 – John Berryman, American poet and scholar (d. 1972)
• 1915 – Ivan M. Niven, Canadian-American mathematician and academic (d. 1999)
• 1916 – Helge Larsson, Swedish canoeist (d. 1971)
• 1917 – Carl Forssell, Swedish fencer (d. 2005)
• 1917 – Dmitry Polyansky, First Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union (d. 2001)
• 1918 – David Ausubel, American psychologist (d. 2008)
• 1919 – Beate Uhse-Rotermund, German pilot and entrepreneur (d. 2001)
• 1919 – Raoul Remy, French cyclist (d. 2002)
• 1920 – Megan Taylor, British figure skater (d. 1993)
• 1921 – Michael I of Romania (d. 2017)
• 1922 – Gloria Lasso, Spanish singer (d. 2005)
• 1923 – Achille Silvestrini, Italian prelate (d. 2019)
• 1923 – Beate Sirota Gordon, Austrian-American director and producer (d. 2012)
• 1923 – Bobby Thomson, Scottish-American baseball player (d. 2010)
• 1924 – Billy Barty, American actor (d. 2000)
• 1924 – Earl Palmer, American Hall of Fame drummer (d. 2008)
• 1925 – Oralia Dominguez, Mexican operatic mezzo-soprano singer (d. 2013)
• 1925 – Joseph Michel, Belgian politician (d. 2016)
• 1926 – Bo Carpelan, Finnish poet and author (d. 2011)
• 1926 – Jimmy Heath, American saxophonist and composer (d. 2020)
• 1926 – Galina Vishnevskaya, Russian-American soprano and actress (d. 2012)
• 1927 – Barbara Cook, American singer and actress (d. 2017)
• 1927 – Jorge Batlle Ibáñez, Uruguayan lawyer and politician, 32nd President of Uruguay (d. 2016)
• 1927 – Lawrence Kohlberg, American psychologist and author (d. 1987)
• 1927 – Lauretta Masiero, Italian actress and singer (d. 2010)
• 1928 – Jeanne Cooper, American actress (d. 2013)
• 1928 – Paulo Mendes da Rocha, Brazilian architect (d. 2021)
• 1928 – Anthony Franciosa, American actor (d. 2006)
• 1928 – Adolphe Gesché, Belgian Catholic priest and theologian (d. 2003)
• 1928 – Peter Naur, Danish computer scientist, astronomer, and academic (d. 2016)
• 1928 – Marion Ross, American actress
• 1928 – Yakov Rylsky, Soviet Jewish sabre fencer (d. 1999)
• 1929 – Michel Knuysen, Belgian rower (d. 2013)
• 1929 – Zdravko Milev, Bulgarian chess player (d. 1984)
• 1929 – Claude Rouer, French cyclist (d. 2021)
• 1929 – Peter Rühmkorf, German writer (d. 2008)
• 1930 – Harold Brodkey, American author and academic (d. 1996)
• 1930 – Karoly Honfi, Hungarian chess player (d. 1996)
• 1931 – Annie Girardot, French actress and singer (d. 2011)
• 1931 – Jimmy McIlroy, Northern Irish footballer and manager (d. 2018)
• 1932 – Vitold Fokin, Ukrainian first deputy prime minister
• 1932 – Jerzy Pawłowski, Polish fencer and double agent (d. 2005)
• 1932 – Theodor Pištěk, Czech costume designer
• 1933 – René Brodmann, Swiss footballer (d. 2000)
• 1933 – Martti Mansikka, Finnish gymnast
• 1934 – Carlos Sherman, Belarusian–Spanish translator, writer, activist (d. 2005)
• 1935 – Rusty Schweickart, American soldier, pilot, and astronaut
• 1936 – Martin Gilbert, English historian, author, and academic (d. 2015)
• 1936 – Arnfinn Nesset, Norwegian nurse and convicted serial killer
• 1936 – Masako Nozawa, Japanese actress and singer
• 1937 – Vendramino Bariviera, Italian cyclist (d. 2001)
• 1937 – Ignacio Carrasco de Paula, Spanish prelate
• 1937 – Roberto Menescal, Brazilian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1938 – Bob Webster, American diver
• 1939 – Zelmo Beaty, American basketball player and coach (d. 2013)
• 1939 – Sara Dylan, American actress and model
• 1939 – Nikolay Kiselyov, Soviet Nordic combined athlete (d. 2005)
• 1939 – Nikos Nikolaidis, Greek director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2007)
• 1939 – Dave Simmonds, British motorcycle racer (d. 1972)
• 1939 – Robin Spry, Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2005)
• 1940 – Jimmy Herman, Canadian actor (d. 2013)
• 1940 – Bob Knight, American basketball player and coach
• 1941 – Lynda Benglis, American sculptor and painter
• 1941 – Helen Reddy, Australian-American singer-songwriter and actress (d. 2020)
• 1941 – Gordon Tootoosis, Aboriginal Canadian actor (d. 2011)^[17]
• 1941 – Anne Tyler, American author and critic
• 1941 – Dave Weill, American discus thrower
• 1942 – Terumasa Hino, Japanese jazz trumpeter
• 1942 – Gloria Katz, American screenwriter and producer (d. 2018)
• 1942 – Franklin Loufrani, French President of the Smiley Company
• 1943 – Orso Maria Guerrini, Italian actor
• 1944 – Azizan Abdul Razak, Malaysian politician, 10th Menteri Besar of Kedah (d. 2013)
• 1944 – Jon Anderson, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1944 – James Carville, American lawyer and political consultant
• 1944 – Donald Ford, Scottish footballer
• 1944 – Fred Housego, Scottish-English taxi driver and game show host
• 1944 – Kati Kovács, Hungarian singer-songwriter and actress
• 1944 – Ren Zhengfei, Chinese businessman
• 1945 – Peter Ledger, Australian-American painter and illustrator (d. 1994)
• 1945 – Roy Lynes, English keyboardist and singer
• 1945 – Yuriy Meshkov, Ukrainian politician and Russian separatist (d. 2019)
• 1945 – Phil "Fang" Volk, American musician, singer-songwriter, and record producer
• 1945 – Krzysztof Piesiewicz, Polish lawyer, screenwriter and politician
• 1945 – Francisco Sá, Argentine footballer
• 1945 – David S. Ward, American director and screenwriter
• 1945 – Keaton Yamada, Japanese voice actor
• 1946 – Yazzie Johnson, Navajo artist
• 1946 – Elías Figueroa, Chilean footballer
• 1946 – Peter Lieberson, American composer
• 1947 – Requena Nozal, Spanish artist
• 1947 – Glenn Tipton, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1948 – Dave Cowens, American basketball player and coach
• 1948 – Dan Gable, American wrestler and coach
• 1948 – Dan Issel, American basketball player and coach
• 1948 – Sigleif Johansen, Norwegian biathlete
• 1949 – Réjean Houle, Canadian ice hockey player and manager
• 1949 – Walter Hyatt, American singer-songwriter (d. 1996)
• 1949 – Brian Kerwin, American actor
• 1949 – Wilfried Louis, Haitian footballer
• 1950 – Anne Alvaro, French actress
• 1950 – Fernando Arêas Rifan, Brazilian bishop
• 1950 – Roger Davies, English footballer
• 1950 – John Matuszak, American footballer (d. 1989)
• 1950 – Francisco Oscar Lamolina, Argentine football referee
• 1950 – Chris Norman, English singer-songwriter
• 1951 – Richard Lloyd, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1952 – Samir Geagea, Lebanese commander and politician
• 1952 – Wendy Hall, English computer scientist, mathematician, and academic
• 1952 – Ioannis Kyrastas, Greek footballer and manager (d. 2004)
• 1952 – Tove Nilsen, Norwegian author
• 1953 – Daniele Bagnoli, Italian volleyball coach
• 1953 – Jasem Yaqoub, Kuwaiti footballer
• 1954 – Mike Eruzione, American ice hockey player and coach
• 1954 – Ed Powers, American founder of Ed Powers Productions
• 1955 – Glynis Barber, South African-English actress
• 1955 – Robin Eubanks, American trombonist and educator
• 1955 – Gale Anne Hurd, American producer
• 1955 – Matthias Jabs, German guitarist and songwriter
• 1955 – Leena Lander, Finnish author
• 1955 – Lito Lapid, Filipino actor
• 1956 – Stephen Leather, British author
• 1957 – Nancy Cartwright, American voice actress
• 1957 – Enrique López Zarza, Mexican footballer
• 1957 – Robbie McIntosh, English guitarist
• 1957 – Piet Wildschut, Dutch footballer
• 1958 – Kornelia Ender, East German swimmer
• 1958 – Kjell Inge Røkke, Norwegian businessman and philanthropist
• 1959 – Óscar Aguirregaray, Uruguayan footballer
• 1959 – Chrissy Amphlett, Australian singer-songwriter and actress (d. 2013)
• 1960 – Hong Sang-soo, South Korean director and screenwriter
• 1961 – John Sivebæk, Danish footballer
• 1961 – Chad Smith, American drummer
• 1962 – David Furnish, Canadian filmmaker
• 1962 – Steve Gainer, American cinematographer and director
• 1962 – Steve Hodge, English footballer and manager
• 1962 – John Stollmeyer, American soccer player
• 1963 – John Levén, Swedish bass player and songwriter
• 1963 – Michael Lynagh, Australian rugby union footballer
• 1963 – Melinda McGraw, American actress
• 1963 – José Ortiz, Puerto Rican basketball player
• 1963 – Tracy Nelson, American actress
• 1964 – Michael Boatman, American actor
• 1964 – Johan de Kock, Dutch footballer
• 1964 – Nicole, German singer
• 1964 – Kevin Michael Richardson, American voice actor and singer
• 1965 – 2 Cold Scorpio, American wrestler
• 1965 – Mathieu Amalric, French actor and director
• 1965 – Valdir Benedito, Brazilian footballer
• 1965 – Claire Colebrook, Australian philosopher, theorist, and academic
• 1965 – Dominique Herr, Swiss footballer
• 1965 – Derrick Rostagno, American tennis player
• 1965 – Rainer Strecker, German actor
• 1966 – Zana Briski, British photographer and filmmaker
• 1966 – Lionel Charbonnier, French footballer
• 1966 – Wendel Clark, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1966 – Perry Saturn, American wrestler
• 1967 – Martin Marinov, Australian canoeist
• 1967 – Taiyō Matsumoto, Japanese manga artist
• 1967 – Gary Sundgren, Swedish footballer
• 1968 – Doris Fitschen, German footballer
• 1968 – Speech, American rapper
• 1969 – Samantha Bee, Canadian-American comedian and television host
• 1969 – Josef Beránek, Czech ice hockey player and coach
• 1969 – Slavko Cicak, Swedish chess Grandmaster
• 1969 – Nika Futterman, American voice actress, comedian and singer
• 1969 – Ibragim Gasanbekov, Azerbaijani footballer
• 1969 – Oleg Salenko, Russian footballer
• 1969 – Alex Webster, American bass player
• 1970 – J. A. Adande, American journalist and academic
• 1970 – Peter Aerts, Dutch kick-boxer and mixed martial artist
• 1970 – Adam Goldberg, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1970 – Damir Mršić, Bosnian basketball player
• 1970 – Adam Pascal, American actor and singer
• 1970 – Rafael González Robles, Spanish footballer
• 1970 – Ed Robertson, Canadian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1970 – Daniel Scheinhardt, German footballer
• 1970 – Chely Wright, American singer-songwriter and actress
• 1971 – Simon Charlton, English footballer and manager
• 1971 – Athena Chu, Hong Kong actress and singer
• 1971 – Neil Fallon, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1971 – Midori Gotō, Japanese-American violinist and educator
• 1971 – Leslie Grossman, American actress
• 1971 – Rosie Ledet, American singer-songwriter and accordion player
• 1971 – Pedro Martínez, Dominican-American baseball player and sportscaster
• 1971 – Craig Robinson, American actor and singer
• 1971 – Elif Şafak, French-Turkish journalist, author, and academic
• 1972 – Cristian Dulca, Romanian footballer
• 1972 – Rodolfo Falcón, Cuban swimmer
• 1972 – Maxi Mounds, American nude big-bust model and pornographic actress
• 1972 – Jonathan Torrens, Canadian actor, producer, and screenwriter
• 1972 – Persia White, American actress
• 1973 – Fırat Aydınus, Turkish football referee
• 1973 – Lamont Bentley, American actor and rapper (d. 2005)
• 1973 – Michael Weston, American actor
• 1974 – Lee Byung-kyu, South Korean baseball player
• 1974 – Yoo Yong-sung, South Korean badminton player
• 1975 – Eirik Glambek Bøe, Norwegian singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1975 – Ryan Clement, American football player
• 1975 – Agustín Julio, Colombian footballer
• 1975 – Zadie Smith, English author and academic
• 1975 – Antony Starr, New Zealand actor
• 1976 – Deon Burton, Jamaican footballer
• 1976 – Ahmed Dokhi, Saudi Arabian footballer
• 1976 – Akihisa Ikeda, Japanese manga artist
• 1976 – Steve Jones, Northern Irish footballer
• 1976 – Brett Kirk, Australian footballer and coach
• 1976 – Anton Sikharulidze, Russian pair skater
• 1977 – The Alchemist, American rapper, DJ, and producer
• 1977 – Yeho, Israeli singer and actor
• 1977 – Rodolfo Bodipo, Equatoguinean retired footballer
• 1977 – Mitică Pricop, Romanian sprint canoer
• 1977 – Birgit Prinz, German footballer and psychologist
• 1977 – Rakan Rushaidat, Croatian actor
• 1977 – Kateryna Serebrianska, Ukrainian gymnast
• 1977 – Mihai Tararache, Romanian footballer
• 1978 – Russell Anderson, Scottish footballer
• 1978 – Zachary Knighton, American actor
• 1978 – Bobby Madden, Scottish football referee
• 1978 – Robert Mambo Mumba, Kenyan footballer
• 1978 – Markus Pöyhönen, Finnish sprinter
• 1978 – An Yong-hak, North Korean footballer
• 1979 – Bat for Lashes, English singer
• 1979 – Rob Hulse, English footballer
• 1979 – Mariana Klaveno, American actress
• 1979 – João Lucas, Portuguese footballer (d. 2015)
• 1979 – Rosa Mendes, Canadian-American wrestler and model
• 1980 – Mehcad Brooks, American model and actor
• 1980 – Félicien Singbo, Beninois footballer
• 1981 – Hiroshi Aoyama, Japanese motorcycle racer
• 1981 – Josh Henderson, American actor and singer
• 1981 – Shaun Wright-Phillips, English footballer
• 1982 – Victoria Francés, Spanish illustrator
• 1982 – Devin Green, American basketball player
• 1982 – Guido Grünheid, German basketball player
• 1982 – Camilla Jensen, Danish curler
• 1982 – Michael Sweetney, American basketball player
• 1982 – Mickaël Tavares, Senegalese footballer
• 1983 – Princess Yōko of Mikasa
• 1983 – Hotaru Akane, Japanese actress and activist
• 1983 – Stanislav Bohush, Ukrainian footballer
• 1983 – Daniele Mannini, Italian footballer
• 1983 – Han Yeo-reum, South Korean actress
• 1984 – Nicolas Besch, French ice hockey player
• 1984 – Ticia Gara, Hungarian chess player
• 1984 – Sara Lumholdt, Swedish singer and dancer
• 1984 – Katy Perry, American singer-songwriter and actress
• 1984 – Iván Ramis, Spanish footballer
• 1984 – Karolina Šprem, Croatian tennis player
• 1985 – Ciara, American singer-songwriter, dancer, and actress
• 1985 – Óscar Granados, Costa Rican footballer^[18]
• 1985 – Kara Lynn Joyce, American swimmer^[19]
• 1985 – Daniele Padelli, Italian footballer^{[citation needed]}
• 1986 – Tweety Carter, American basketball player
• 1986 – Roger Espinoza, Honduran footballer
• 1986 – Eddie Gaven, American soccer player
• 1986 – Kristian Sarkies, Australian footballer
• 1986 – Ekaterina Shumilova, Russian biathlete
• 1987 – Bill Amis, American basketball player
• 1987 – Darron Gibson, Irish footballer
• 1987 – Fabian Hambüchen, German gymnast
• 1988 – Robson Conceição, Brazilian boxer
• 1988 – Lewis McGugan, English professional footballer
• 1988 – Chandler Parsons, American basketball player
• 1988 – Kaz Patafta, Australian footballer
• 1988 – Karim Yoda, French footballer
• 1989 – Filip Grgić, Croatian taekwondo practitioner
• 1989 – Sten Grytebust, Norwegian footballer
• 1989 – David Hala, Australian rugby league player
• 1989 – Ivan Marconi, Italian footballer
• 1990 – Mattia Cattaneo, Italian cyclist
• 1990 – Sara Chafak, Finnish beauty pageant winner
• 1990 – Asha Philip, British athlete
• 1990 – Milena Rašić, Serbian volleyball player
• 1990 – Dzina Sazanavets, Belarusian weightlifter
• 1991 – Davide Faraoni, Italian footballer
• 1991 – Isabella Shinikova, Bulgarian tennis player
• 1992 – Clarisse Agbegnenou, French judoka
• 1992 – Davide Formolo, Italian cyclist
• 1992 – Sergey Ridzik, Russian freestyle skier
• 1993 – Isaiah Austin, American basketball player
• 1993 – Iván Garcia, Mexican diver
• 1994 – Richard Jouve, French cross-country skier
• 1994 – Jefferson Lerma, Colombian footballer
• 1994 – Matteo Lodo, Italian rower
• 1994 – Gor Minasyan, Armenian weightlifter
• 1994 – Ray Robson, American chess Grandmaster
• 1995 – Conchita Campbell, Canadian actress
• 1995 – Patrick McCaw, American basketball player
• 1997 – Federico Chiesa, Italian footballer
• 1998 – Juan Soto, Dominican baseball player^[20]
• 2000 – Vincent Zhou, American figure skater
• 2001 – Princess Elisabeth, Belgian princess

Deaths

Pre-1600

• 625 – Pope Boniface V^[21]
• 912 – Rudolph I, king of Burgundy (b. 859)
• 1047 – Magnus the Good, Norwegian king (b. 1024)
• 1053 – Enguerrand II, Count of Ponthieu
• 1154 – Stephen, King of England^[22]
• 1180 – John of Salisbury, French bishop (b. c. 1120)
• 1200 – Conrad of Wittelsbach, German cardinal (b. 1120)
• 1230 – Gilbert de Clare, 5th Earl of Gloucester, English soldier (b. 1180)
• 1292 – Robert Burnell, Lord Chancellor of England
• 1349 – James III of Majorca (b. 1315)
• 1359 – Beatrice of Castile, queen consort of Portugal (b. 1293)
• 1400 – Geoffrey Chaucer, English philosopher, poet, and author (b. c.1343)^[23]
• 1415 – Charles I of Albret
• 1415 – Philip II, Count of Nevers (b. 1389)
• 1415 – Frederick I, Count of Vaudémont (b. 1371)
• 1415 – Jean I, Duke of Alençon (b. 1385)
• 1415 – Anthony, Duke of Brabant (b. 1384)
• 1415 – Michael de la Pole, 3rd Earl of Suffolk, English soldier (b. 1394)
• 1415 – Edward of Norwich, 2nd Duke of York, English politician (b. 1373)
• 1415 – Dafydd Gam, Welsh nobleman (b. c. 1380)
• 1478 – Catherine of Bosnia (b. 1425)
• 1492 – Thaddeus McCarthy, Irish bishop (b. 1455)
• 1495 – John II of Portugal (b. 1455)
• 1514 – William Elphinstone, Scottish bishop and academic, founded University of Aberdeen (b. 1431)
• 1557 – William Cavendish, English courtier and civil servant (b. 1505)

1601–1900

• 1647 – Evangelista Torricelli, Italian physicist and mathematician (b. 1608)
• 1651 – Saint Job of Pochayiv, Ukrainian Orthodox Christian saint (b. 1551)
• 1683 – William Scroggs, English judge and politician, Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales (b. 1623)
• 1733 – Giovanni Girolamo Saccheri, Italian priest, mathematician, and philosopher (b. 1667)
• 1757 – Antoine Augustin Calmet, French monk and theologian (b. 1672)
• 1760 – George II of Great Britain (b. 1683)
• 1806 – Henry Knox, American general and politician, 2nd United States Secretary of War (b. 1750)
• 1826 – Philippe Pinel, French physician and psychiatrist (b. 1745)
• 1833 – Abbas Mirza, Persian prince (b. 1789)
• 1852 – John C. Clark, American lawyer and politician (b. 1793)
• 1889 – Émile Augier, French playwright (b. 1820)
• 1895 – Charles Hallé, German-English pianist and conductor (b. 1819)

1901–present

• 1902 – Frank Norris, American journalist and novelist (b. 1870)
• 1910 – Willie Anderson, Scottish-American golfer (b. 1878)
• 1916 – William Merritt Chase, American painter and educator (b. 1849)
• 1919 – William Kidston, Scottish-Australian politician, 17th Premier of Queensland (b. 1849)
• 1920 – Alexander of Greece (b. 1893)
• 1920 – Terence MacSwiney, Irish playwright, politician, Lord Mayor of Cork and hunger striker (b. 1879)^[24]
• 1920 – Joe Murphy (Irish republican) died during the 1920 Cork hunger strike^[25]
• 1921 – Bat Masterson, American lawman, buffalo hunter, and sport writer (b. 1853)
• 1924 – Ziya Gökalp, Turkish sociologist, poet, and activist (b. 1876)
• 1938 – Alfonsina Storni, Swiss-Argentinian poet and author (b. 1892)
• 1940 – Thomas Waddell, Irish-Australian politician, 15th Premier of New South Wales (b. 1854)
• 1941 – Franz von Werra, Swiss-German captain and pilot (b. 1914)
• 1945 – Robert Ley, German politician (b. 1890)
• 1949 – Mary Ackworth Orr Evershed, English astronomer and Dante scholar (b. 1867)
• 1953 – Holger Pedersen, Danish linguist and academic (b. 1867)
• 1954 – Purshottam Narayan Gadgil, Indian jeweller and namesake of P. N. Gadgil Jewellers (b. 1874)^[26]
• 1955 – Sadako Sasaki, Japanese girl (b. 1943)
• 1956 – Risto Ryti, Finnish lawyer, politician and Governor of the Bank of Finland; 5th President of Finland (b. 1889)^[27][28]
• 1957 – Albert Anastasia, Italian-American mob boss (b. 1902)
• 1957 – Edward Plunkett, 18th Baron of Dunsany, English-Irish author, poet, and playwright (b. 1878)
• 1960 – Harry Ferguson, Irish-English engineer, founded the Ferguson Company (b. 1884)
• 1963 – Roger Désormière, French conductor and composer (b. 1898)
• 1967 – Margaret Ayer Barnes, American author and playwright (b. 1886)^[29]
• 1969 – Ellinor Aiki, Estonian painter (b. 1893)
• 1970 – Ülo Sooster, Estonian painter (b. 1924)
• 1971 – Mikhail Yangel, Soviet missile designer (b. 1911)
• 1972 – Johnny Mantz, American race car driver (b. 1918)
• 1973 – Abebe Bikila, Ethiopian runner (b. 1932)
• 1973 – Cleo Moore, American actress (b. 1928)
• 1973 – Robert Scholl, German accountant and politician (b. 1891)
• 1975 – Vladimir Herzog, Brazilian journalist and activist (b. 1937)
• 1976 – Raymond Queneau, French poet and author (b. 1903)
• 1977 – Félix Gouin, French politician (b. 1884)
• 1979 – Gerald Templer, English field marshal and politician, British High Commissioner in Malaya (b. 1898)
• 1980 – Virgil Fox, American organist and educator (b. 1912)
• 1980 – Víctor Galíndez, Argentine boxer (b. 1948)
• 1980 – Sahir Ludhianvi, Indian poet and songwriter (b. 1921)
• 1982 – Bill Eckersley, English footballer (b. 1925)
• 1982 – Arvid Wallman, Swedish diver (b. 1901)
• 1985 – Gary Holton, English singer-songwriter (b. 1952)
• 1986 – Forrest Tucker, American actor (b. 1919)
• 1989 – Mary McCarthy, American novelist and critic (b. 1912)
• 1990 – Alberto da Costa Pereira, Portuguese footballer (b. 1929)
• 1991 – Bill Graham, German-American concert promoter (b. 1931)
• 1992 – Roger Miller, American singer-songwriter and actor (b. 1936)
• 1992 – Richard Pousette-Dart, American painter and educator (b. 1916)
• 1993 – Danny Chan, Hong Kong singer-songwriter, producer, and actor (b. 1958)
• 1993 – Vincent Price, American actor (b. 1911)
• 1994 – Kara Hultgreen, American lieutenant and pilot (b. 1965)
• 1994 – Mildred Natwick, American actress (b. 1905)
• 1995 – Viveca Lindfors, Swedish actress (b. 1920)
• 1995 – Bobby Riggs, American tennis player (b. 1918)
• 1999 – Leonard Boyle, Irish and Canadian palaeographer and medievalist (b. 1923)^[30]
• 1999 – Payne Stewart, American golfer (b. 1957)
• 2000 – Mochitsura Hashimoto, Japanese commander (b. 1909)
• 2002 – Richard Harris, Irish actor and singer (b. 1930)
• 2002 – René Thom, French mathematician and biologist (b. 1923)
• 2002 – Paul Wellstone, American academic and politician (b. 1944)
• 2003 – Pandurang Shastri Athavale, Indian spiritual leader and philosopher (b. 1920)
• 2003 – Veikko Hakulinen, Finnish skier and technician (b. 1925)
• 2004 – John Peel, English radio host and producer (b. 1939)
• 2010 – Lisa Blount, American actress (b. 1957)
• 2010 – Gregory Isaacs, Jamaican-English singer-songwriter (b. 1951)
• 2010 – Vesna Parun, Croatian poet and author (b. 1922)
• 2012 – Jacques Barzun, French-American historian and author (b. 1907)
• 2012 – Jaspal Bhatti, Indian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1955)
• 2012 – John Connelly, English footballer (b. 1938)
• 2012 – Emanuel Steward, American boxer, trainer, and sportscaster (b. 1944)
• 2013 – Ron Ackland, New Zealand rugby player and coach (b. 1934)
• 2013 – Arthur Danto, American philosopher and critic (b. 1924)
• 2013 – Nicholas Hunt, Welsh-English admiral (b. 1930)
• 2013 – Hal Needham, American actor, stuntman, director, and screenwriter (b. 1931)
• 2013 – Paul Reichmann, Austrian-Canadian businessman, founded Olympia and York (b. 1930)
• 2013 – Bill Sharman, American basketball player and coach (b. 1926)
• 2013 – Marcia Wallace, American actress and comedian (b. 1942)
• 2014 – Jack Bruce, Scottish-English singer-songwriter and bass player (b. 1943)
• 2014 – Carlos Morales Troncoso, Dominican lawyer and politician, 34th Vice President of the Dominican Republic (b. 1940)
• 2015 – David Cesarani, English historian and author (b. 1956)
• 2015 – Lisa Jardine, English historian, author, and academic (b. 1944)
• 2015 – Cecil Lolo, South African footballer (b. 1988)
• 2015 – Flip Saunders, American basketball player and coach (b. 1955)
• 2016 – Carlos Alberto Torres, Brazilian football player and manager (b. 1944)
• 2016 – Bob Hoover, USAF, Test, and Airshow pilot (b. 1922)
• 2018 – Thomas Keating, an American Trappist monk and a principal developer of Centering Prayer (b. 1923)^[31]
• 2019 – Dilip Parikh, Indian politician (b. 1937)

Holidays and observances

• Armed Forces Day (Romania)
• Christian feast day:
  • Bernat Calbó (Bernard of Calvo)
  • Pope Boniface I
  • Canna
  • Blessed Carlo Gnocchi
  • Crysanthus and Daria (Western Christianity)
  • Crispin and Crispinian
  • Fructus
  • Gaudentius of Brescia
  • Goeznovius
  • Minias of Florence
  • Mar Nestorius (in the Nestorian churches)
  • Tabitha (Dorcas)
  • Tegulus
  • Blessed Thaddeus McCarthy
  • The Six Welsh Martyrs and companions (in Wales)
  • The Hallowing of Nestorius
  • October 25 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Earliest day on which Nevada Day can fall, while October 31 is the latest; celebrated on last Friday in October. (Nevada)
• Earliest day on which October Holiday can fall, while October 31 is the latest; observed on last Monday in October. (Ireland)
• Earliest day on which Teacher's Day (Australia) can fall, while October 31 is the latest; celebrated on last Friday in October. (Australia)
• Customs Officer's Day (Russia)
• Day of the Basque Country (Basque Country)
• Retrocession Day (Taiwan)
• Sovereignty Day (Slovenia)
• Thanksgiving Day (Grenada)

References

1. "Published by authority" (PDF). The London Gazette. No. 10046. October 1760.
2. "Katedraalin historia". Helsingin Ortodoksinen Seurakunta (in Finnish). Retrieved 25 October 2021.
3. Rhoads, Edward J. M. (1975). China's Republican Revolution: The Case of Kwangtung, 1895-1913. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. pp. 196, 211, 218. ISBN 0674119800.
4. Shepherd, John (2002). George Lansbury: At the Heart of Old Labour. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 282. ISBN 0-19-820164-8.
5. Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Fairchild FH-227C N380NE Lebanon Airport, NH (LEB)". aviation-safety.net. Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 2021-10-24.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
6. Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Learjet 35A N47BA Aberdeen, SD". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 2022-09-06.
7. Callaham, John (April 8, 2014). "A (very) brief history of Windows XP". Neowin. Retrieved October 25, 2020.
8. . Jakarta Post and Associated Press, Jakarta. 12 March 2010. Archived from the original on 4 December 2010. Retrieved 12 June 2010; Riyadi, Slamet (11 November 2010). . AP Wire News-Associated Press. Archived from the original on 20 November 2018. Retrieved 11 November 2010.
9. Hill, Emma M.; Borrero, Jose C.; Huang, Zhenhua; Qiu, Qiang; Banerjee, Paramesh; Natawidjaja, Danny H.; Elosegui, Pedro; Fritz, Hermann M.; Suwargadi, Bambang W.; Pranantyo, Ignatius Ryan; Li, LinLin; Macpherson, Kenneth A.; Skanavis, Vassilis; Synolakis, Costas E.; Sieh, Kerry (2012). "The 2010 Mw 7.8 Mentawai earthquake: Very shallow source of a rare tsunami earthquake determined from tsunami field survey and near-field GPS data". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. American Geophysical Union. 117 (B6). Bibcode:2012JGRB..117.6402H. doi:10.1029/2012JB009159. hdl:10220/8666.
10. Cabrini, Anna Maria (2014). "Medici, Giuliano di Piero de'". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (in Italian).
11. Stephen, Sir Leslie (1892). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 29 (Public domain ed.). Macmillan. pp. 385–.
12. Van Gemert, Lia (2011). Women's Writing from the Low Countries 1200-1875: A Bilingual Anthology. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. p. 500. ISBN 978-9-08964-129-8.
13. Kirkpatrick, D.L., ed. (1978). Twentieth-century Children's Writers. London: Macmillan. p. 465. ISBN 978-0-33323-414-3.
14. "Obituary for Theodora Agnes Peck (Aged 81)". The Burlington Free Press. 1964-01-13. p. 5. Retrieved 2020-01-07.
15. "Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti | Nigerian feminist and political leader". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2020-01-08.
16. Colin Larkin, ed. (1997). The Virgin Encyclopedia of Popular Music (Concise ed.). Virgin Books. pp. 486–7. ISBN 1-85227-745-9.
17. Berumen, Frank Javier Garcia (2020). American Indian Image Makers of Hollywood. McFarland. p. 233. ISBN 9781476636474.
18. October 25 at National-Football-Teams.com
19. October 25 at USA Swimming
20. Langs, Sarah (25 October 2019). "How will Juan Soto enjoy his 21st (!) birthday?". MLB.com. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
21. "Boniface V | pope". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
22. "Stephen | king of England". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
23. "Geoffrey Chaucer | Biography, Poems, Canterbury Tales, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
24. Corkery, Daniel (December 1920). "Terence MacSwiney: Lord Mayor of Cork". Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review. 9 (36): 512–520. JSTOR 30092903
25. "Joseph Murphy Dies of 76 Days' Hunger Strike, The Second Prisoner to Succumb in Cork Jail" (PDF). NY Times. 25 October 1920. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
26. Joshi, P. K. (1989). Gadgil Kulavruttanta [The Gadgil Family Genealogy Almanac] (in Marathi). Pune. p. 95.
27. "Muistot: Risto Ryti". Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). October 25, 1956. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
28. "Tietoa Huittisista: Presidentti Risto Ryti 1889-1956" (in Finnish). Town of Huittinen. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
29. Taylor, Lloyd C. (1974). Margaret Ayer Barnes. Boston: Twayne Publishing. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-80570-037-4.
30. English, Edward D. (2001). "Leonard E. Boyle, OP (1923–99)". Renaissance Studies. 15 (3): 367–374. ISSN 0269-1213. JSTOR 24413249.
31. Rev. Thomas Keating, Pioneer in Contemplative Movement, Dies at 95, by Katharine Q. Seelye (The New York Times, Oct. 28, 2018)

External links

 

Wikimedia Commons has media related to October 25.

• "On This Day". BBC.
• The New York Times: On This Day
• "Historical Events on October 25". OnThisDay.com.