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List of consonants

January 19, 2024

This is a list of all the consonants which have a dedicated letter in the International Phonetic Alphabet, plus some of the consonants which require diacritics, ordered by place and manner of articulation.

Ordered by place of articulation edit

Labial consonants edit

(articulated by using the lips)

Bilabial consonants edit

Labiodental consonants edit

Bidental consonants edit

Coronal consonants edit

(articulated by using the tip of the tongue)

Dental consonants edit

Alveolar consonants edit

Postalveolar consonants edit

Palatalized postalveolar consonants edit
Retroflex consonants edit

Dorsal consonants edit

(articulated with the middle of the tongue)

Palatal consonants edit

Labialized palatal consonants edit

Velar consonants edit

Labialized velar consonants edit
Labial–velar consonants edit

Uvular consonants edit

Laryngeal consonants edit

(articulated with the throat)

Pharyngeal consonants edit

Glottal consonants edit

Ordered by manner of articulation edit

Pulmonic consonants

Nasal (stop) consonants edit

Fricative consonants edit

Sibilant fricatives
Central non-sibilant fricatives
Lateral fricatives
both fricatives and approximants
Pseudo-fricatives

Affricate consonants edit

Sibilant affricates
Non-sibilant affricates
Lateral affricates

Approximant consonants edit

Flap (tap) consonants edit

Trill consonants edit

Lateral consonants edit

Approximants
Fricatives
Affricates
Flaps
Ejective
Clicks

Ejective consonants edit

Plosives
Affricates
Fricatives

Implosive consonants edit

Labialized consonants edit

Plosives
  • voiceless labialized velar plosive [kʷ]
  • voiced labialized velar plosive [ɡʷ]
  • Voiceless labialized labial-velar plosive [k͜pʷ]
  • voiceless labialized uvular plosive [qʷ]
  • voiced labialized uvular plosive [ɢʷ]
Fricatives
Approximants

Palatalized consonants edit

Pharyngealized consonants edit

  • voiceless pharyngealized alveolar sibilant [sˤ]
  • voiced pharyngealized alveolar sibilant [zˤ]
  • voiceless pharyngealized alveolar plosive [tˤ]
  • voiced pharyngealized alveolar plosive [dˤ]
  • voiceless pharyngealized dental fricative [θˤ]
  • voiced pharyngealized dental fricative [ðˤ]
  • voiceless pharyngealized alveolar lateral fricative [ɬˤ]
  • voiced pharyngealized alveolar lateral fricative [ɮˤ]
  • pharyngealized glottal stop [ʔˤ]
  • pharyngealized alveolar lateral approximant [lˤ]
  • pharyngealized alveolar nasal [nˤ]

Velarized consonants edit

  • Voiceless velarized alveolar sibilant [sˠ]
  • Voiced velarized dental fricative [ðˠ]
  • Voiceless velarized alveolar plosive [tˠ]
  • Velarized alveolar flap [ɾˠ]
  • Voiceless velarized uvular plosive [qˠ]
  • Voiceless velarized uvular fricative [χˠ]
  • Voiced velarized uvular fricative [ʁˠ]
  • Voiceless velarized alveolar lateral fricative [ɬˠ]
  • Voiced velarized alveolar lateral fricative [ɮˠ]
  • Velarized alveolar lateral approximant [ɫ] [lˠ]

Glottalized consonants edit

Reinforced airstream edit

  • Voiceless labioglottal plosive[ʔᵖ]
  • Voiceless alveologlottal plosive[ʔᵗ]
  • Voiceless veloglottal plosive[ʔᵏ]

Blocked airstream edit

  • Voiced glottalized alveolar nasal [nˀ]
  • Voiced glottalized alveolar plosive [tˀ]
  • Voiced glottalized dental fricative [ðˀ]

Restricted airstream edit

Whispery voice edit

  • Breathy-voiced bilabial nasal [mʱ]
  • Breathy-voiced bilabial plosive [bʱ]
  • Breathy-voiced alveolar plosive [dʱ]
  • Breathy-voiced velar plosive [gʱ]

Click consonants edit

The less common clicks, such as are found in Taa, are not included.

Simple clicks
Glottalized clicks
Pulmonic-contour clicks
  • voiceless bilabial linguo-pulmonic stop [ʘ͡q]
  • voiced bilabial linguo-pulmonic stop [ʘ͡ɢ]
  • voiceless dental linguo-pulmonic stop [ǀ͡q]
  • voiced dental linguo-pulmonic stop [ǀ͡ɢ]
  • voiceless alveolar linguo-pulmonic stop [ǃ͡q]
  • voiced alveolar linguo-pulmonic stop [ǃ͡ɢ]
  • voiceless alveolar lateral linguo-pulmonic stop [ǁ͡q]
  • voiced alveolar lateral linguo-pulmonic stop [ǁ͡ɢ]
  • voiceless retroflex linguo-pulmonic stop [𝼊͡q]
  • voiced retroflex linguo-pulmonic stop [𝼊͡ɢ]
  • voiceless palatal linguo-pulmonic stop [ǂ͡q]
  • voiced palatal linguo-pulmonic stop [ǂ͡ɢ]
  • voiceless bilabial linguo-pulmonic affricate [ʘ͡χ]
  • voiced bilabial linguo-pulmonic affricate [ʘ͡ʁ]
  • voiceless dental linguo-pulmonic affricate [ǀ͡χ]
  • voiced dental linguo-pulmonic affricate [ǀ͡ʁ]
  • voiceless alveolar linguo-pulmonic affricate [ǃ͡χ]
  • voiced alveolar linguo-pulmonic affricate [ǃ͡ʁ]
  • voiceless alveolar lateral linguo-pulmonic affricate [ǁ͡χ]
  • voiced alveolar lateral linguo-pulmonic affricate [ǁ͡ʁ]
  • voiceless retroflex linguo-pulmonic affricate [𝼊͡χ]
  • voiced retroflex linguo-pulmonic affricate [𝼊͡ʁ]
  • voiceless palatal linguo-pulmonic affricate [ǂ͡χ]
  • voiced palatal linguo-pulmonic affricate [ǂ͡ʁ]
Ejective-contour clicks
  • bilabial linguo-glottalic stop [ʘ͡qʼ]
  • dental linguo-glottalic stop [ǀ͡qʼ]
  • alveolar linguo-glottalic stop [ǃ͡qʼ]
  • alveolar lateral linguo-glottalic stop [ǁ͡qʼ]
  • retroflex linguo-glottalic stop [𝼊͡qʼ]
  • palatal linguo-glottalic stop [ǂ͡qʼ]
  • bilabial linguo-glottalic affricate [ʘ͡χʼ]
  • dental linguo-glottalic affricate [ǀ͡χʼ]
  • alveolar linguo-glottalic affricate [ǃ͡χʼ]
  • alveolar lateral linguo-glottalic affricate [ǁ͡χʼ]
  • retroflex linguo-glottalic affricate [𝼊͡χʼ]
  • palatal linguo-glottalic affricate [ǂ͡χʼ]

Percussive consonants edit

These are not found in any language, but occur as phonetic detail or through speech defects.

See also edit

January 19, 2024
list, consonants, this, list, consonants, which, have, dedicated, letter, international, phonetic, alphabet, plus, some, consonants, which, require, diacritics, ordered, place, manner, articulation, pulmonic, consonantsplace, labial, coronal, dorsal, laryngeal. This is a list of all the consonants which have a dedicated letter in the International Phonetic Alphabet plus some of the consonants which require diacritics ordered by place and manner of articulation IPA Pulmonic consonantsPlace Labial Coronal Dorsal LaryngealManner Bi labial Labio dental Linguo labial Dental Alveolar Post alveolar Retro flex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn geal epi glottal GlottalNasal m m ɱ ɱ n n n ɳ ɳ ɲ ɲ ŋ ŋ ɴ ɴPlosive p b p b t d t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔSibilant affricate ts dz t ʃ d ʒ tʂ dʐ tɕ dʑNon sibilant affricate pɸ bb p f b v t 8 d d tɹ dɹ t ɹ d ɹ cc ɟʝ kx ɡɣ qx ɢʁ ʡʜ ʡʢ ʔhSibilant fricative s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ɕ ʑNon sibilant fricative ɸ b f v 8 d 8 d 8 d ɹ ɹ ɻ ɻ c ʝ x ɣ x ʁ ħ ʕ h ɦApproximant ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ ʔ Tap flap ⱱ ⱱ ɾ ɾ ɾ ɽ ɽ ɢ ʡ Trill ʙ ʙ r r ɽ r ɽr ʀ ʀ ʜ ʢLateral affricate tɬ dɮ tꞎ d c ɟʎ k ɡʟ Lateral fricative ɬ ɮ ꞎ ʎ ʟ Lateral approximant l ɭ ʎ ʟ ʟ Lateral tap flap ɺ ɺ ʎ ʟ IPA help audio full chart template Symbols to the right in a cell are voiced to the left are voiceless Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible IPA Non pulmonic consonantsBL LD D A PA RF P V U EGEjective Stop pʼ tʼ ʈʼ cʼ kʼ qʼ ʡʼAffricate p fʼ t 8ʼ tsʼ t ʃʼ tʂʼ kxʼ qxʼFricative ɸʼ fʼ 8ʼ sʼ ʃʼ ʂʼ ɕʼ xʼ xʼLateral affricate tɬʼ c ʼ k ʼLateral fricative ɬʼClick top velar bottom uvular Tenuis kʘqʘ kǀqǀ kǃqǃ k q kǂqǂVoiced ɡʘɢʘ ɡǀɢǀ ɡǃɢǃ ɡ ɢ ɡǂɢǂNasal ŋʘɴʘ ŋǀɴǀ ŋǃɴǃ ŋ ɴ ŋǂɴǂ ʞ Tenuis lateral kǁqǁVoiced lateral ɡǁɢǁNasal lateral ŋǁɴǁImplosive Voiced ɓ ɗ ᶑ ʄ ɠ ʛVoiceless ɓ ɗ ᶑ ʄ ɠ ʛ IPA help audio full chart templateIPA Co articulated consonantsNasal n m Labial alveolar ŋ m Labial velar Plosive t pd b Labial alveolar k pɡ b Labial velar q ʡ Uvular epiglottal Fricative approximant ɥ ɥ Labial palatal ʍw Labial velar ɧ Sj sound variable Lateral approximant ɫ Velarized alveolar Implosive ɠ ɓ Labial velarIPA help full chart templateContents 1 Ordered by place of articulation 1 1 Labial consonants 1 1 1 Bilabial consonants 1 1 2 Labiodental consonants 1 2 Bidental consonants 1 3 Coronal consonants 1 3 1 Dental consonants 1 3 2 Alveolar consonants 1 3 3 Postalveolar consonants 1 3 3 1 Palatalized postalveolar consonants 1 3 3 2 Retroflex consonants 1 4 Dorsal consonants 1 4 1 Palatal consonants 1 4 1 1 Labialized palatal consonants 1 4 2 Velar consonants 1 4 2 1 Labialized velar consonants 1 4 2 2 Labial velar consonants 1 4 3 Uvular consonants 1 5 Laryngeal consonants 1 5 1 Pharyngeal consonants 1 5 2 Glottal consonants 2 Ordered by manner of articulation 2 1 Nasal stop consonants 2 2 Fricative consonants 2 3 Affricate consonants 2 4 Approximant consonants 2 5 Flap tap consonants 2 6 Trill consonants 2 7 Lateral consonants 2 8 Ejective consonants 2 9 Implosive consonants 2 10 Labialized consonants 2 11 Palatalized consonants 2 12 Pharyngealized consonants 2 13 Velarized consonants 2 14 Glottalized consonants 2 14 1 Reinforced airstream 2 14 2 Blocked airstream 2 14 3 Restricted airstream 2 14 4 Whispery voice 2 15 Click consonants 2 16 Percussive consonants 3 See alsoOrdered by place of articulation editLabial consonants edit articulated by using the lips Bilabial consonants edit bilabial clicks ʘ etc bilabial nasal m man bilabial ejective pʼ voiced bilabial implosive ɓ voiceless bilabial plosive p spin voiced bilabial plosive b bed voiceless bilabial affricate pɸ voiced bilabial affricate bb voiceless bilabial fricative ɸ voiced bilabial fricative b bilabial approximant b bilabial trill ʙ bilabial percussive ʬ Labiodental consonants edit labiodental approximant ʋ labiodental nasal ɱ symphony voiced labiodental fricative v van Voiced labiodental plosive Voiced labiodental affricate voiceless labiodental fricative f fan voiceless rounded velarized labiodental fricative ɧ Voiceless labiodental plosive Voiceless labiodental affricateBidental consonants edit voiceless bidental fricative h Coronal consonants edit articulated by using the tip of the tongue Dental consonants edit dental clicks ǀ etc dental lateral clicks ǁ etc dental ejective t ʼ dental nasal n voiced dental fricative d this voiced dental implosive ɗ voiced dental plosive d voiceless bidental fricative voiceless dental fricative 8 thing voiceless dental plosive t bidental percussive ʭ Alveolar consonants edit alveolar lateral clicks ǁ etc alveolar approximant ɹ red alveolar ejective tʼ alveolar ejective fricative sʼ alveolar flap ɾ alveolar lateral approximant l lead alveolar lateral flap ɺ alveolar nasal n none alveolar trill r velarized alveolar lateral approximant ɫ voiced alveolar fricative z zoo voiced alveolar implosive ɗ voiced alveolar lateral fricative ɮ voiced alveolar plosive d done voiced alveolar affricate d z voiceless alveolar grooved fricative s son voiceless alveolar retroflex fricative s voiceless alveolar non sibilant fricative 8 voiceless alveolar lateral fricative ɬ voiceless alveolar plosive t ton voiceless alveolar affricate t s voiceless alveolar lateral affricate t ɬ ejective alveolar lateral affricate t ɬʼ voiced alveolar lateral affricate d ɮ Postalveolar consonants edit post alveolar click ǃ etc voiced palato alveolar affricate dʒ jug voiced palato alveolar fricative ʒ vision voiceless palato alveolar affricate tʃ chip voiceless palato alveolar fricative ʃ ship Palatalized postalveolar consonants edit voiced palatalized postalveolar fricative ʑ voiceless palatalized postalveolar fricative ɕ voiced palatalized postalveolar affricate d ʑ voiceless palatalized postalveolar affricate t ɕ Retroflex consonants edit retroflex clicks etc commonly written retroflex approximant ɻ retroflex flap ɽ retroflex lateral flap retroflex lateral approximant ɭ voiceless retroflex lateral fricative ꞎ retroflex nasal ɳ voiced retroflex fricative ʐ voiced retroflex plosive ɖ voiced retroflex affricate d ʐ voiceless retroflex fricative ʂ voiceless retroflex plosive ʈ voiceless retroflex affricate t ʂ Dorsal consonants edit articulated with the middle of the tongue Palatal consonants edit palatal clicks ǂ etc palatal approximant j yes palatal ejective cʼ palatal lateral approximant ʎ voiceless palatal lateral fricative palatal nasal ɲ voiced palatal fricative ʝ voiced palatal implosive ʄ voiced palatal plosive ɟ voiceless palatal fricative c human but not hum voiceless palatal plosive c voiceless palatal lateral affricate c ejective palatal lateral affricate c ʼ Labialized palatal consonants edit labialized palatal approximant ɥ jʷ Velar consonants edit velar approximant ɰ velar ejective kʼ velar lateral approximant ʟ voiceless velar lateral fricative voiced velar fricative ɣ voiced velar implosive ɠ voiced velar plosive ɡ get voiceless velar fricative x voiceless velar plosive k kick cat ejective velar lateral affricate k ʼ Labialized velar consonants edit voiced labialized velar approximant w witch voiceless labialized velar approximant ʍ which in some dialects Labial velar consonants edit voiceless labial velar plosive kp voiced labial velar plosive ɡb labial velar nasal ŋm Uvular consonants edit uvular ejective qʼ uvular nasal ɴ uvular trill ʀ voiced uvular fricative ʁ voiced uvular implosive ʛ voiced uvular plosive ɢ voiceless uvular fricative x voiceless uvular plosive q Laryngeal consonants edit articulated with the throat Pharyngeal consonants edit pharyngeal plosive ʡ voiced pharyngeal fricative ʕ voiceless pharyngeal fricative ħ voiced pharyngeal trill ʢ voiceless pharyngeal trill ʜ Glottal consonants edit voiceless glottal affricate ʔh hat murmured glottal affricate ʔɦ murmured glottal fricative or transition amp approximant ɦ ahead voiceless glottal fricative or transition amp approximant h high voiced glottal trill ya glottal plosive ʔ voiced glottal approximant ʔ voiceless nasal glottal approximant h Ordered by manner of articulation editPulmonic consonantsNasal stop consonants edit bilabial nasal m voiceless bilabial nasal m labiodental nasal ɱ dental nasal n alveolar nasal n voiceless alveolar nasal n retroflex nasal ɳ voiceless retroflex nasal ɳ palatal nasal ɲ voiceless palatal nasal ɲ velar nasal ŋ voiceless velar nasal ŋ uvular nasal ɴ Fricative consonants edit Sibilant fricativesvoiceless alveolar sibilant s voiced alveolar sibilant z voiceless palato alveolar sibilant ʃ voiced palato alveolar sibilant ʒ voiceless alveolo palatal sibilant palatalized postalveolar ɕ voiced alveolo palatal sibilant ʑ voiceless retroflex sibilant ʂ voiced retroflex sibilant ʐ Central non sibilant fricativesvoiceless bilabial fricative ɸ voiced bilabial fricative b voiceless labiodental fricative f voiced labiodental fricative v voiceless bidental fricative h voiceless dental fricative 8 voiced dental fricative d voiceless alveolar non sibilant fricative 8 voiced alveolar non sibilant fricative ɹ voiceless palatal fricative c voiced palatal fricative ʝ voiceless velar fricative x voiced velar fricative ɣ voiceless uvular fricative x voiceless pharyngeal fricative ħ voiceless epiglottal fricative ʜ voiceless palatal velar fricative not possible ɧ Lateral fricativesvoiceless alveolar lateral fricative ɬ voiced alveolar lateral fricative ɮ voiceless retroflex lateral fricative ꞎ voiceless palatal lateral fricative voiceless velar lateral fricative voiced velar lateral fricative ʟ both fricatives and approximantsvoiced uvular fricative ʁ voiced pharyngeal fricative ʕ voiced epiglottal fricative ʢ Pseudo fricativesvoiceless glottal fricative h voiced glottal fricative murmured ɦ Affricate consonants edit Sibilant affricatesvoiceless postalveolar affricate tʃ voiced postalveolar affricate dʒ voiceless alveolar affricate ts voiced alveolar affricate dz voiceless alveolo palatal affricate ʨ voiced alveolo palatal affricate dʑ voiceless retroflex affricate tʂ voiced retroflex affricate dʐ Fricated alveolar clicks ǃᶴ also voiced nasalized etc Non sibilant affricatesVoiceless bilabial affricate pɸ Voiceless bilabial labiodental affricate pf Voiceless labiodental affricate p f Voiced labiodental affricate b v Voiceless dental affricate t 8 Voiced dental affricate d d dubious discuss Voiceless retroflex nonsibilant affricate tɻ Voiced retroflex nonsibilant affricate dɻ dubious discuss voiceless palatal affricate cc voiced palatal affricate ɟʝ Voiceless velar affricate kx Voiced velar affricate ɡɣ dubious discuss Voiceless uvular affricate qx Voiced uvular affricate ɢʁ dubious discuss Voiceless epiglottal affricate ʡʜ Lateral affricatesvoiceless alveolar lateral affricate tɬ voiced alveolar lateral affricate dɮ Voiceless palatal lateral affricate c Voiceless retroflex lateral affricate tꞎ dubious discuss Voiceless velar lateral affricate k Voiced velar lateral affricate ɡʟ dubious discuss Approximant consonants edit bilabial approximant b labiodental approximant ʋ dental approximant d alveolar approximant ɹ alveolar lateral approximant l velarized alveolar lateral approximant ɫ retroflex approximant ɻ retroflex lateral approximant ɭ palatal approximant j palatal lateral approximant ʎ nasal palatal approximant ȷ labialized palatal approximant ɥ jʷ velar approximant ɰ velar lateral approximant ʟ labialized velar approximant voiced w voiceless labialized velar approximant ʍ nasal labialized velar approximant w uvular approximant ʁ pharyngeal approximant ʕ epiglottal approximant ʢ voiced glottal approximant murmured ɦ voiceless glottal approximant h voiceless nasal glottal approximant h Flap tap consonants edit bilabial flap ⱱ labiodental flap ⱱ alveolar flap ɾ alveolar lateral flap ɺ retroflex flap ɽ retroflex lateral flap palatal lateral flap ʎ uvular flap ɢ velar lateral flap ʟ epiglottal flap ʡ Trill consonants edit bilabial trill ʙ alveolar trill r alveolar fricative trill r retroflex trill uvular trill ʀ epiglottal trillLateral consonants edit ApproximantsAlveolar lateral approximant l Velarized alveolar lateral approximant ɫ Retroflex lateral approximant ɭ Palatal lateral approximant ʎ Velar lateral approximant ʟ FricativesVoiceless alveolar lateral fricative ɬ Voiced alveolar lateral fricative ɮ Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative ꞎ Voiceless palatal lateral fricative Voiced velar lateral fricative ʟ Voiceless velar lateral fricative AffricatesVoiceless alveolar lateral affricate tɬ Voiced alveolar lateral affricate dɮ Voiceless palatal lateral affricate c Ejective palatal lateral affricate c ʼ Voiceless retroflex lateral affricate tꞎ Ejective retroflex lateral affricate tꞎʼ Voiced velar lateral affricate ɡʟ Voiceless velar lateral affricate k Ejective velar lateral affricate k ʼ FlapsAlveolar lateral flap ɺ Retroflex lateral flap Palatal lateral flap ʎ EjectiveAlveolar lateral ejective fricative ɬʼ ClicksDental lateral clicks ǁ etc Alveolar lateral clicks ǁ etc Ejective consonants edit Plosivesbilabial ejective pʼ dental ejective t ʼ alveolar ejective tʼ retroflex ejective ʈʼ palatal ejective cʼ velar ejective kʼ uvular ejective qʼ Affricatesalveolar ejective affricate t sʼ palato alveolar ejective affricate t ʃʼ retroflex ejective affricate t ʂʼ alveolo palatal ejective affricate t ɕʼ dental ejective affricate t 8ʼ palatal lateral ejective affricate c ʼ velar ejective affricate k xʼ uvular ejective affricate q xʼ alveolar lateral ejective affricate t ɬʼ velar lateral ejective affricate k ʼ Fricativesbilabial ejective fricative ɸʼ citation needed labiodental ejective fricative fʼ dental ejective fricative 8ʼ alveolar ejective fricative sʼ palato alveolar ejective fricative ʃʼ alveolo palatal ejective fricative ɕʼ retroflex ejective fricative ʂʼ palatal ejective fricative cʼ velar ejective fricative xʼ uvular ejective fricative xʼ pharyngeal ejective fricative ħʼ citation needed alveolar lateral ejective fricative ɬʼ velar lateral ejective fricative ʼ citation needed Implosive consonants edit voiced bilabial implosive ɓ voiceless bilabial implosive ƥ voiced dental implosive ɗ voiced alveolar implosive ɗ voiceless alveolar implosive ƭ voiced retroflex implosive ᶑ voiced palatal implosive ʄ voiceless palatal implosive ƈ voiced velar implosive ɠ voiceless velar implosive ƙ voiced uvular implosive ʛ voiceless uvular implosive ʠ Labialized consonants edit Plosivesvoiceless labialized velar plosive kʷ voiced labialized velar plosive ɡʷ Voiceless labialized labial velar plosive k pʷ voiceless labialized uvular plosive qʷ voiced labialized uvular plosive ɢʷ Fricativesvoiceless labialized velar fricative xʷ ʍ voiced labialized velar fricative ɣʷ voiceless labialized uvular fricative xʷ voiced labialized uvular fricative ʁʷ Approximantslabialized palatal approximant ɥ jʷ voiced labialized velar approximant w ɰʷ voiceless labialized velar approximant ʍ w nasal labialized velar approximant w Palatalized consonants edit voiced palatalized postalveolar fricative ʑ voiceless palatalized postalveolar fricative ɕ voiced palatalized postalveolar affricate d ʑ voiceless palatalized postalveolar affricate t ɕ voiceless palatalized velar plosive kʲ Pharyngealized consonants edit voiceless pharyngealized alveolar sibilant sˤ voiced pharyngealized alveolar sibilant zˤ voiceless pharyngealized alveolar plosive tˤ voiced pharyngealized alveolar plosive dˤ voiceless pharyngealized dental fricative 8ˤ voiced pharyngealized dental fricative dˤ voiceless pharyngealized alveolar lateral fricative ɬˤ voiced pharyngealized alveolar lateral fricative ɮˤ pharyngealized glottal stop ʔˤ pharyngealized alveolar lateral approximant lˤ pharyngealized alveolar nasal nˤ Velarized consonants edit Voiceless velarized alveolar sibilant sˠ Voiced velarized dental fricative dˠ Voiceless velarized alveolar plosive tˠ Velarized alveolar flap ɾˠ Voiceless velarized uvular plosive qˠ Voiceless velarized uvular fricative xˠ Voiced velarized uvular fricative ʁˠ Voiceless velarized alveolar lateral fricative ɬˠ Voiced velarized alveolar lateral fricative ɮˠ Velarized alveolar lateral approximant ɫ lˠ Glottalized consonants edit Reinforced airstream edit Voiceless labioglottal plosive ʔᵖ Voiceless alveologlottal plosive ʔᵗ Voiceless veloglottal plosive ʔᵏ Blocked airstream edit Voiced glottalized alveolar nasal nˀ Voiced glottalized alveolar plosive tˀ Voiced glottalized dental fricative dˀ Restricted airstream edit Creaky voiced bilabial nasal m Whispery voice edit Breathy voiced bilabial nasal mʱ Breathy voiced bilabial plosive bʱ Breathy voiced alveolar plosive dʱ Breathy voiced velar plosive gʱ Click consonants edit The less common clicks such as are found in Taa are not included Simple clicksbilabial clicks ʘ either velar voiceless bilabial click ᵏʘ voiced bilabial click ᶢʘ bilabial nasal click ᵑʘ or uvular ʘ ʘ ᶰʘ dental clicks ǀ ʇ either velar voiceless dental click ᵏǀ voiced dental click ᶢǀ dental nasal click ᵑǀ or uvular ǀ ǀ ᶰǀ post alveolar click ǃ ʗ either velar voiceless alveolar click ᵏǃ voiced alveolar click ᶢǃ alveolar nasal click ᵑǃ or uvular ǃ ǃ ᶰǃ alveolar lateral clicks ǁ ʖ either velar voiceless alveolar lateral click ᵏǁ voiced alveolar lateral click ᶢǁ alveolar lateral nasal click ᵑǁ or uvular ǁ ǁ ᶰǁ retroflex clicks either velar voiceless retroflex click ᵏ voiced retroflex click ᶢ retroflex nasal click ᵑ or uvular ᶰ palatal clicks ǂ either velar voiceless palatal click ᵏǂ voiced palatal click ᶢǂ palatal nasal click ᵑǂ or uvular ǂ ǂ ᶰǂ Glottalized clicksvelar uvular clicks not shown glottalized bilabial nasal click ᵑ ʘˀ glottalized dental nasal click ᵑ ǀˀ glottalized alveolar nasal click ᵑ ǃˀ glottalized alveolar lateral nasal click ᵑ ǁˀ glottalized retroflex nasal click ᵑ ˀ glottalized palatal nasal click ᵑ ǂˀ Pulmonic contour clicksvoiceless bilabial linguo pulmonic stop ʘ q voiced bilabial linguo pulmonic stop ʘ ɢ voiceless dental linguo pulmonic stop ǀ q voiced dental linguo pulmonic stop ǀ ɢ voiceless alveolar linguo pulmonic stop ǃ q voiced alveolar linguo pulmonic stop ǃ ɢ voiceless alveolar lateral linguo pulmonic stop ǁ q voiced alveolar lateral linguo pulmonic stop ǁ ɢ voiceless retroflex linguo pulmonic stop q voiced retroflex linguo pulmonic stop ɢ voiceless palatal linguo pulmonic stop ǂ q voiced palatal linguo pulmonic stop ǂ ɢ voiceless bilabial linguo pulmonic affricate ʘ x voiced bilabial linguo pulmonic affricate ʘ ʁ voiceless dental linguo pulmonic affricate ǀ x voiced dental linguo pulmonic affricate ǀ ʁ voiceless alveolar linguo pulmonic affricate ǃ x voiced alveolar linguo pulmonic affricate ǃ ʁ voiceless alveolar lateral linguo pulmonic affricate ǁ x voiced alveolar lateral linguo pulmonic affricate ǁ ʁ voiceless retroflex linguo pulmonic affricate x voiced retroflex linguo pulmonic affricate ʁ voiceless palatal linguo pulmonic affricate ǂ x voiced palatal linguo pulmonic affricate ǂ ʁ Ejective contour clicksbilabial linguo glottalic stop ʘ qʼ dental linguo glottalic stop ǀ qʼ alveolar linguo glottalic stop ǃ qʼ alveolar lateral linguo glottalic stop ǁ qʼ retroflex linguo glottalic stop qʼ palatal linguo glottalic stop ǂ qʼ bilabial linguo glottalic affricate ʘ xʼ dental linguo glottalic affricate ǀ xʼ alveolar linguo glottalic affricate ǃ xʼ alveolar lateral linguo glottalic affricate ǁ xʼ retroflex linguo glottalic affricate xʼ palatal linguo glottalic affricate ǂ xʼ Percussive consonants edit These are not found in any language but occur as phonetic detail or through speech defects bilabial percussive ʬ bidental percussive ʭ Sublaminal lower alveolar percussive See also editConsonant Index of phonetics articles Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of consonants amp oldid 1182267924, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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