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Nasal palatal approximant

January 20, 2023

The nasal palatal approximant is a type of consonantal sound used in some oral languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨j̃⟩, that is, a j with a tilde. The equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is j~, and in the Americanist phonetic notation it is ⟨ỹ⟩.

Nasal palatal approximant
j̃

The nasal palatal approximant is sometimes called a nasal yod; [j̃] and [w̃] may be called nasal glides.

Features

Features of the nasal palatal approximant:

Occurrence

[j̃], written ny, is a common realization of /j/ before nasal vowels in many languages of West Africa that do not have a phonemic distinction between voiced nasal and oral stops, such as Yoruba, Ewe and Bini languages.

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Nheengatu nheẽ [j̃ẽʔẽ] 'to speak' Influenced Brazilian Portuguese ''nh'' sound. Sometimes written with ''ñ''
Hindustani[1] संयम / sanyama [səj̃jəm] 'patience'

Allophone of /ɲ/ before [j]. See Hindustani phonology

Kaingang[2] [j̃ũ] 'brave' Possible word-initial realization of /j/ before a nasal vowel.[3]
Lombard bisògn de [biˈzɔj̃ d̪e] 'need for (something)'

Allophone of /ɲ/ before a consonant. See Lombard phonology

Louisiana Creole[4] [sɛ̃j̃ɛ̃] 'bleed'

Intervocalic allophone of /ɲ/

Polish[5] państwo [ˈpãj̃stfɔ] 'state, country'

Allophone of /ɲ/ before fricatives. See Polish phonology

Portuguese Brazilian[6] sonho [ˈsõj̃ʊ] 'dream' Allophone of /ɲ/ between vowels, nasalizes the preceding vowel. Language's original /ɲ/ sound.[7][8] See Portuguese phonology
Most dialects[9] cães [kɐ̃j̃s] 'dogs' Allophone of /j/ after nasal vowels.
Some dialects[7] me ame! [ˈmj̃ɐ̃mi] 'love me!' Non-syllabic allophone of /i/ between nasal sounds.
Shipibo[10] [example needed] Allophone of /j/ after nasal vowels.[10]
Spanish Zwolle-Ebarb[11] año [ˈãj̃o] 'year' Allophone of /ɲ/ between vowels, nasalizing the preceding vowel.
Other dialects, occasional in rapid, unguarded speech[12] niños [ˈnij̃os] 'kids' Allophone of /ɲ/. Because nasality is retained and there is no potential merger with any other Spanish phonemes, this process is rarely noticed, and its geographical distribution has never been determined.
Sakha айыы [aȷ̃iː] 'sin, transgression' /ȷ̃/ is not distinguished from /j/ in the orthography[13]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Canepari (2005:335)
  2. ^ Jolkesky (2009:676, 681)
  3. ^ Jolkesky (2009:681)
  4. ^ Klingler, Thomas A.; Neumann-Holzschuh, Ingrid (2013). "Louisiana Creole". In Susanne Maria Michaelis; Philippe Maurer; Martin Haspelmath; Magnus Huber (eds.). The survey of pidgin and creole languages. Volume 2: Portuguese-based, Spanish-based, and French-based languages. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-967770-2.
  5. ^ Gussman (2007)
  6. ^ Perini (2002:?)
  7. ^ a b Portuguese vinho: diachronic evidence for biphonemic nasal vowels
  8. ^ Mattos e Silva (1991:73)
  9. ^ Vigário (2003:77)
  10. ^ a b Valenzuela, Márquez Pinedo & Maddieson (2001:283)
  11. ^ Stark (1980:170)
  12. ^ Lipski, John M. (1989). "Spanish yeísmo and the palatal resonants: Towards a unified analysis" (PDF). Probus. 1 (2). doi:10.1515/prbs.1989.1.2.211. S2CID 170139844.
  13. ^ "Yakut language".

References

  • Canepari, Luciano (2005), "Hindi", A Handbook of Pronunciation, Lincom Europa, p. 335
  • Gussman, Edmund (2007), The Phonology of Polish, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-926747-7
  • Jolkesky, Marcelo Pinho de Valhery (2009), "Fonologia e prosódia do Kaingáng falado em Cacique Doble", Anais do SETA, Campinas: Editora do IEL-UNICAMP, 3: 675–685
  • Mattos e Silva, Rosa (1991), O Português arcaico – fonologia, Contexto
  • Perini, Mário Alberto (2002), Modern Portuguese (A Reference Grammar), New Haven: Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-09155-7
  • Stark, Louisa R. (1980). "Notes on a Dialect of Spanish Spoken in Northern Louisiana". Anthropological Linguistics (in Spanish). 22 (4): 163–176. ISSN 0003-5483. JSTOR 30027771.
  • Valenzuela, Pilar M.; Márquez Pinedo, Luis; Maddieson, Ian (2001), "Shipibo", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 31 (2): 281–285, doi:10.1017/S0025100301002109
  • Vigário, Marina (2003), The Prosodic Word in European Portuguese, De Gruyter Mouton, ISBN 978-3-11-017713-8

Further reading

  • Shosted; Hualde (2010), (Current Issues in Linguistic Theory volume 315) Romance Linguistics 2009: Selected Papers from the 39th Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages (LSRL), Tucson, Arizona, March 2009, John Benjamins Publishing Company, pp. 43–61, ISBN 978-90-272-4833-6

External links

  • List of languages with [j̃] on PHOIBLE

January 20, 2023
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The nasal palatal approximant is a type of consonantal sound used in some oral languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is j that is a j with a tilde The equivalent X SAMPA symbol is j and in the Americanist phonetic notation it is ỹ Nasal palatal approximantj The nasal palatal approximant is sometimes called a nasal yod j and w may be called nasal glides Contents 1 Features 2 Occurrence 3 See also 4 Notes 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External linksFeatures EditFeatures of the nasal palatal approximant Its manner of articulation is approximant which means it is produced by narrowing the vocal tract at the place of articulation but not enough to produce a turbulent airstream Its place of articulation is palatal which means it is articulated with the middle or back part of the tongue raised to the hard palate Its phonation is voiced which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation It is a nasal consonant which means air is allowed to escape through the nose in this case in addition to through the mouth It is a central consonant which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue rather than to the sides The airstream mechanism is pulmonic which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and diaphragm as in most sounds Occurrence Edit j written ny is a common realization of j before nasal vowels in many languages of West Africa that do not have a phonemic distinction between voiced nasal and oral stops such as Yoruba Ewe and Bini languages Language Word IPA Meaning NotesNheengatu nheẽ j ẽʔẽ to speak Influenced Brazilian Portuguese nh sound Sometimes written with n Hindustani 1 स यम sanyama sej jem patience Allophone of ɲ before j See Hindustani phonologyKaingang 2 j ũ brave Possible word initial realization of j before a nasal vowel 3 Lombard bisogn de biˈzɔj d e need for something Allophone of ɲ before a consonant See Lombard phonologyLouisiana Creole 4 sɛ j ɛ bleed Intervocalic allophone of ɲ Polish 5 panstwo ˈpaj stfɔ state country Allophone of ɲ before fricatives See Polish phonologyPortuguese Brazilian 6 sonho ˈsoj ʊ dream Allophone of ɲ between vowels nasalizes the preceding vowel Language s original ɲ sound 7 8 See Portuguese phonologyMost dialects 9 caes kɐ j s dogs Allophone of j after nasal vowels Some dialects 7 me ame ˈmj ɐ mi love me Non syllabic allophone of i between nasal sounds Shipibo 10 example needed Allophone of j after nasal vowels 10 Spanish Zwolle Ebarb 11 ano ˈaj o year Allophone of ɲ between vowels nasalizing the preceding vowel Other dialects occasional in rapid unguarded speech 12 ninos ˈnij os kids Allophone of ɲ Because nasality is retained and there is no potential merger with any other Spanish phonemes this process is rarely noticed and its geographical distribution has never been determined Sakha ajyy aȷ iː sin transgression ȷ is not distinguished from j in the orthography 13 See also EditPalatal nasal Nasal labio velar approximant Labiodental nasal which may be an approximant in the one language in which it is phonemic Voiceless nasal glottal approximant Index of phonetics articlesNotes Edit Canepari 2005 335 Jolkesky 2009 676 681 Jolkesky 2009 681 Klingler Thomas A Neumann Holzschuh Ingrid 2013 Louisiana Creole In Susanne Maria Michaelis Philippe Maurer Martin Haspelmath Magnus Huber eds The survey of pidgin and creole languages Volume 2 Portuguese based Spanish based and French based languages Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 967770 2 Gussman 2007 Perini 2002 a b Portuguese vinho diachronic evidence for biphonemic nasal vowels Mattos e Silva 1991 73 Vigario 2003 77 a b Valenzuela Marquez Pinedo amp Maddieson 2001 283 Stark 1980 170 Lipski John M 1989 Spanish yeismo and the palatal resonants Towards a unified analysis PDF Probus 1 2 doi 10 1515 prbs 1989 1 2 211 S2CID 170139844 Yakut language References EditCanepari Luciano 2005 Hindi A Handbook of Pronunciation Lincom Europa p 335 Gussman Edmund 2007 The Phonology of Polish Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 926747 7 Jolkesky Marcelo Pinho de Valhery 2009 Fonologia e prosodia do Kaingang falado em Cacique Doble Anais do SETA Campinas Editora do IEL UNICAMP 3 675 685 Mattos e Silva Rosa 1991 O Portugues arcaico fonologia Contexto Perini Mario Alberto 2002 Modern Portuguese A Reference Grammar New Haven Yale University Press ISBN 978 0 300 09155 7 Stark Louisa R 1980 Notes on a Dialect of Spanish Spoken in Northern Louisiana Anthropological Linguistics in Spanish 22 4 163 176 ISSN 0003 5483 JSTOR 30027771 Valenzuela Pilar M Marquez Pinedo Luis Maddieson Ian 2001 Shipibo Journal of the International Phonetic Association 31 2 281 285 doi 10 1017 S0025100301002109 Vigario Marina 2003 The Prosodic Word in European Portuguese De Gruyter Mouton ISBN 978 3 11 017713 8Further reading EditShosted Hualde 2010 Current Issues in Linguistic Theory volume 315 Romance Linguistics 2009 Selected Papers from the 39th Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages LSRL Tucson Arizona March 2009 John Benjamins Publishing Company pp 43 61 ISBN 978 90 272 4833 6External links EditList of languages with j on PHOIBLE Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Nasal palatal approximant amp oldid 1132392444, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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