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Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate

January 19, 2024

The voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represent this sound are ⟨t͡ɕ⟩, ⟨t͜ɕ⟩, ⟨c͡ɕ⟩ and ⟨c͜ɕ⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbols are t_s\ and c_s\, though transcribing the stop component with ⟨c⟩ (c in X-SAMPA) is rare. The tie bar may be omitted, yielding ⟨tɕ⟩ or ⟨cɕ⟩ in the IPA and ts\ or cs\ in X-SAMPA.

Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate
tɕ
cɕ
ʨ
IPA Number215
Audio sample
source · help
Encoding
Entity (decimal)᪐
Unicode (hex)U+1A90
X-SAMPAt_s\

Neither [t] nor [c] are a completely narrow transcription of the stop component, which can be narrowly transcribed as [t̠ʲ] (retracted and palatalized [t]) or [c̟] (advanced [c]). The equivalent X-SAMPA symbols are t_-' or t_-_j and c_+, respectively. There is also a dedicated symbol ⟨ȶ⟩, which is not a part of the IPA. Therefore, narrow transcriptions of the voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant affricate include [t̠ʲɕ], [c̟ɕ] and [ȶɕ].

This affricate used to have a dedicated symbol U+02A8 ʨ ; ⟨ʨ⟩ was one of the six dedicated symbols for affricates in the International Phonetic Alphabet. It occurs in languages such as Mandarin Chinese, Japanese, Polish, Serbo-Croatian or Russian, and is the sibilant equivalent of voiceless palatal affricate. U+107AB 𐞫 MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TC DIGRAPH WITH CURL is a superscript IPA letter.[1]

Features edit

Features of the voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate:

Occurrence edit

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Catalan[2] All dialects fletxa [ˈfɫet͡ɕɐ] 'arrow' See Catalan phonology
Valencian xec [ˈt͡ɕek] 'cheque'
Chinese Cantonese 豬 / jyū (Jyutping: zyu¹) [t͡ɕyː˥]ⓘ 'pig' Contrasts with aspirated form. Allophone of /t͡s/, usually in front of the front high vowels /iː/, /ɪ/, /yː/. See Cantonese phonology
Mandarin 北京 / Běijīng [peɪ˨˩ t͡ɕiŋ˥]ⓘ 'Beijing' Contrasts with aspirated form. Pronounced by some speakers as a palatalized dental. In complementary distribution with [t͡s], [k], and [ʈ͡ʂ] series. See Standard Chinese phonology
Chuvash чипер/çiper [t͡ɕi'p̬ɛr] 'cute'
Danish[3] tjener [ˈt͡ɕeːnɐ] 'servant' Normal realization of the sequence /tj/.[3] See Danish phonology
Dzongkha ཆུ / chuu [t͡ɕuː] 'water'
Irish Some dialects[4][5][6] tír [t͡ɕiːɾʲ] 'country' Realization of the palatalized alveolar stop /tʲ/ in dialects such as Erris, Teelin and Tourmakeady.[4][5][6] See Irish phonology
Japanese 知人 / chijin [t͡ɕiʑĩɴ] 'acquaintance' See Japanese phonology
Korean 제비 / jebi [t͡ɕebi] 'swallow' See Korean phonology
Marathi चिंच / çinç [t͡ɕint̪s] 'tamarind' Contrasts with aspirated form. Allophone of [tʃ] and [t̪s].See Marathi phonology
Okinawan 'ucinaaguci [ʔut͡ɕinaːɡut͡ɕi] 'Okinawan language' Merged with [ts].
Polish[7] ćma [t͡ɕmä]ⓘ 'moth' See Polish phonology
Romanian Banat dialect[8] frate [ˈfrat͡ɕe] 'brother' One of the most distinct phonological features of the Banat dialect: allophone of /t/ before front vowels. Corresponds to [t] in standard Romanian. See Romanian phonology
Russian чуть/čuť [t͡ɕʉtʲ] 'barely' See Russian phonology
Sema[9] akichi [à̠kìt͡ɕì] 'mouth' Possible allophone of /t͡ʃ/ before /i, e/; can be realized as [t͡ʃ] instead.[9]
Serbo-Croatian[10] лећа / leća [lět͡ɕä] 'lentils' Merges into /t͡ʃ/ in dialects that do not distinguish /ʈ͡ʂ/ from /t͡ɕ/.
Slovene Dialects with tʼ–č distinction (such as Resian) teči [ˈt̪ɛ̀ːt͡ɕì] 'con artist' In Standard Slovene obsolete. See Slovene phonology
Sorbian Lower[11] šćit [ɕt͡ɕit̪] 'protection'
Swedish Finland kjol [t͡ɕuːl] 'skirt' See Swedish phonology
Thai[12] จาน/čán [t͡ɕaːn] 'dish' Contrasts with aspirated form.
Urarina[13] katsa [kat͡ɕá] 'man'
Uzbek[14] [example needed]
Vietnamese cha [t͡ɕa] 'father' See Vietnamese phonology
Xumi[15][16] [t͡ɕɐ˦] 'star'
Yi ꏢ / ji [t͡ɕi˧] 'sour' Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF).
  2. ^ Wheeler (2005:12)
  3. ^ a b Grønnum (2005:148)
  4. ^ a b Mhac an Fhailigh (1968:36–37)
  5. ^ a b Wagner (1959:9–10)
  6. ^ a b de Búrca (1958:24–25)
  7. ^ Jassem (2003:105)
  8. ^ Pop (1938), p. 29.
  9. ^ a b Teo (2014:24)
  10. ^ Landau et al. (1999), p. 67.
  11. ^ Zygis (2003), pp. 180–181.
  12. ^ Tingsabadh & Abramson (1993:24)
  13. ^ Olawsky (2006), p. 39.
  14. ^ Sjoberg (1963:12)
  15. ^ Chirkova & Chen (2013), p. 365.
  16. ^ Chirkova, Chen & Kocjančič Antolík (2013), p. 382.

References edit

  • Chirkova, Katia; Chen, Yiya (2013), "Xumi, Part 1: Lower Xumi, the Variety of the Lower and Middle Reaches of the Shuiluo River" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 43 (3): 363–379, doi:10.1017/S0025100313000157[permanent dead link]
  • Chirkova, Katia; Chen, Yiya; Kocjančič Antolík, Tanja (2013), "Xumi, Part 2: Upper Xumi, the Variety of the Upper Reaches of the Shuiluo River" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 43 (3): 381–396, doi:10.1017/S0025100313000169[permanent dead link]
  • de Búrca, Seán (1958), The Irish of Tourmakeady, Co. Mayo, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, ISBN 0-901282-49-9
  • Grønnum, Nina (2005), Fonetik og fonologi, Almen og Dansk (3rd ed.), Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag, ISBN 87-500-3865-6
  • Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (1): 103–107, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001191
  • Mhac an Fhailigh, Éamonn (1968), The Irish of Erris, Co. Mayo, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, ISBN 0-901282-02-2
  • Olawsky, Knut J. (2006), A Grammar of Urarina, Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 9783110190205
  • Pavlík, Radoslav (2004), "Slovenské hlásky a medzinárodná fonetická abeceda" (PDF), Jazykovedný časopis, 55: 87–109
  • Pop, Sever (1938), Micul Atlas Linguistic Român, Muzeul Limbii Române Cluj
  • Sjoberg, Andrée F. (1963), Uzbek Structural Grammar, Uralic and Altaic Series, vol. 18, Bloomington: Indiana University
  • Teo, Amos B. (2014), A phonological and phonetic description of Sumi, a Tibeto-Burman language of Nagaland (PDF), Canberra: Asia-Pacific Linguistics, ISBN 978-1-922185-10-5
  • Tingsabadh, M.R. Kalaya; Abramson, Arthur S. (1993), "Thai", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 23 (1): 24–26, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004746, S2CID 242001518
  • Wagner, Heinrich (1959), Gaeilge Theilinn (in Irish), Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, ISBN 1-85500-055-5
  • Wheeler, Max W. (2005), The Phonology of Catalan, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-925814-7
  • Zygis, Marzena (2003), "Phonetic and Phonological Aspects of Slavic Sibilant Fricatives" (PDF), ZAS Papers in Linguistics, 3: 175–213, doi:10.21248/zaspil.32.2003.191
  • Landau, Ernestina; Lončarića, Mijo; Horga, Damir; Škarić, Ivo (1999), "Croatian", Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 66–69, ISBN 978-0-521-65236-0

External links edit

  • List of languages with [tɕ] on PHOIBLE

January 19, 2024
voiceless, alveolo, palatal, affricate, voiceless, alveolo, palatal, sibilant, affricate, type, consonantal, sound, used, some, spoken, languages, symbols, international, phonetic, alphabet, that, represent, this, sound, equivalent, sampa, symbols, though, tra. The voiceless alveolo palatal sibilant affricate is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages The symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represent this sound are t ɕ t ɕ c ɕ and c ɕ and the equivalent X SAMPA symbols are t s and c s though transcribing the stop component with c c in X SAMPA is rare The tie bar may be omitted yielding tɕ or cɕ in the IPA and ts or cs in X SAMPA Voiceless alveolo palatal affricatetɕcɕʨIPA Number215Audio sample source source source helpEncodingEntity decimal amp 6800 Unicode hex U 1A90X SAMPAt s ImageNeither t nor c are a completely narrow transcription of the stop component which can be narrowly transcribed as t ʲ retracted and palatalized t or c advanced c The equivalent X SAMPA symbols are t or t j and c respectively There is also a dedicated symbol ȶ which is not a part of the IPA Therefore narrow transcriptions of the voiceless alveolo palatal sibilant affricate include t ʲɕ c ɕ and ȶɕ This affricate used to have a dedicated symbol U 02A8 ʨ ʨ was one of the six dedicated symbols for affricates in the International Phonetic Alphabet It occurs in languages such as Mandarin Chinese Japanese Polish Serbo Croatian or Russian and is the sibilant equivalent of voiceless palatal affricate U 107AB MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TC DIGRAPH WITH CURL is a superscript IPA letter 1 Contents 1 Features 2 Occurrence 3 See also 4 Notes 5 References 6 External linksFeatures editFeatures of the voiceless alveolo palatal affricate Its manner of articulation is sibilant affricate which means it is produced by first stopping the air flow entirely then directing it with the tongue to the sharp edge of the teeth causing high frequency turbulence Its place of articulation is alveolo palatal This means that Its place of articulation is postalveolar meaning that the tongue contacts the roof of the mouth in the area behind the alveolar ridge the gum line Its tongue shape is laminal meaning that it is the tongue blade that contacts the roof of the mouth It is heavily palatalized meaning that the middle of the tongue is bowed and raised towards the hard palate Its phonation is voiceless which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated so it is always voiceless in others the cords are lax so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds It is an oral consonant which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only It is a central consonant which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue rather than to the sides The airstream mechanism is pulmonic which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles as in most sounds Occurrence editLanguage Word IPA Meaning NotesCatalan 2 All dialects fletxa ˈfɫet ɕɐ arrow See Catalan phonologyValencian xec ˈt ɕek cheque Chinese Cantonese 豬 jyu Jyutping zyu t ɕyː pig Contrasts with aspirated form Allophone of t s usually in front of the front high vowels iː ɪ yː See Cantonese phonologyMandarin 北京 Beijing peɪ t ɕiŋ Beijing Contrasts with aspirated form Pronounced by some speakers as a palatalized dental In complementary distribution with t s k and ʈ ʂ series See Standard Chinese phonologyChuvash chiper ciper t ɕi p ɛr cute Danish 3 tjener ˈt ɕeːnɐ servant Normal realization of the sequence tj 3 See Danish phonologyDzongkha ཆ chuu t ɕuː water Irish Some dialects 4 5 6 tir t ɕiːɾʲ country Realization of the palatalized alveolar stop tʲ in dialects such as Erris Teelin and Tourmakeady 4 5 6 See Irish phonologyJapanese 知人 chijin t ɕiʑĩɴ acquaintance See Japanese phonologyKorean 제비 jebi t ɕebi swallow See Korean phonologyMarathi च च cinc t ɕint s tamarind Contrasts with aspirated form Allophone of tʃ and t s See Marathi phonologyOkinawan ucinaaguci ʔut ɕinaːɡut ɕi Okinawan language Merged with ts Polish 7 cma t ɕma moth See Polish phonologyRomanian Banat dialect 8 frate ˈfrat ɕe brother One of the most distinct phonological features of the Banat dialect allophone of t before front vowels Corresponds to t in standard Romanian See Romanian phonologyRussian chut cut t ɕʉtʲ barely See Russian phonologySema 9 akichi a kit ɕi mouth Possible allophone of t ʃ before i e can be realized as t ʃ instead 9 Serbo Croatian 10 leћa leca let ɕa lentils Merges into t ʃ in dialects that do not distinguish ʈ ʂ from t ɕ Slovene Dialects with tʼ c distinction such as Resian teci ˈt ɛ ːt ɕi con artist In Standard Slovene obsolete See Slovene phonologySorbian Lower 11 scit ɕt ɕit protection Swedish Finland kjol t ɕuːl skirt See Swedish phonologyThai 12 can can t ɕaːn dish Contrasts with aspirated form Urarina 13 katsa kat ɕa man Uzbek 14 example needed Vietnamese cha t ɕa father See Vietnamese phonologyXumi 15 16 t ɕɐ star Yi ꏢ ji t ɕi sour Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated formsSee also editIndex of phonetics articlesNotes edit Miller Kirk Ashby Michael 2020 11 08 L2 20 252R Unicode request for IPA modifier letters a pulmonic PDF Wheeler 2005 12 a b Gronnum 2005 148 a b Mhac an Fhailigh 1968 36 37 a b Wagner 1959 9 10 a b de Burca 1958 24 25 Jassem 2003 105 Pop 1938 p 29 a b Teo 2014 24 Landau et al 1999 p 67 Zygis 2003 pp 180 181 Tingsabadh amp Abramson 1993 24 Olawsky 2006 p 39 Sjoberg 1963 12 Chirkova amp Chen 2013 p 365 Chirkova Chen amp Kocjancic Antolik 2013 p 382 References editChirkova Katia Chen Yiya 2013 Xumi Part 1 Lower Xumi the Variety of the Lower and Middle Reaches of the Shuiluo River PDF Journal of the International Phonetic Association 43 3 363 379 doi 10 1017 S0025100313000157 permanent dead link Chirkova Katia Chen Yiya Kocjancic Antolik Tanja 2013 Xumi Part 2 Upper Xumi the Variety of the Upper Reaches of the Shuiluo River PDF Journal of the International Phonetic Association 43 3 381 396 doi 10 1017 S0025100313000169 permanent dead link de Burca Sean 1958 The Irish of Tourmakeady Co Mayo Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies ISBN 0 901282 49 9 Gronnum Nina 2005 Fonetik og fonologi Almen og Dansk 3rd ed Copenhagen Akademisk Forlag ISBN 87 500 3865 6 Jassem Wiktor 2003 Polish Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 1 103 107 doi 10 1017 S0025100303001191 Mhac an Fhailigh Eamonn 1968 The Irish of Erris Co Mayo Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies ISBN 0 901282 02 2 Olawsky Knut J 2006 A Grammar of Urarina Berlin New York Mouton de Gruyter ISBN 9783110190205 Pavlik Radoslav 2004 Slovenske hlasky a medzinarodna foneticka abeceda PDF Jazykovedny casopis 55 87 109 Pop Sever 1938 Micul Atlas Linguistic Roman Muzeul Limbii Romane Cluj Sjoberg Andree F 1963 Uzbek Structural Grammar Uralic and Altaic Series vol 18 Bloomington Indiana University Teo Amos B 2014 A phonological and phonetic description of Sumi a Tibeto Burman language of Nagaland PDF Canberra Asia Pacific Linguistics ISBN 978 1 922185 10 5 Tingsabadh M R Kalaya Abramson Arthur S 1993 Thai Journal of the International Phonetic Association 23 1 24 26 doi 10 1017 S0025100300004746 S2CID 242001518 Wagner Heinrich 1959 Gaeilge Theilinn in Irish Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies ISBN 1 85500 055 5 Wheeler Max W 2005 The Phonology of Catalan Oxford Oxford University Press ISBN 0 19 925814 7 Zygis Marzena 2003 Phonetic and Phonological Aspects of Slavic Sibilant Fricatives PDF ZAS Papers in Linguistics 3 175 213 doi 10 21248 zaspil 32 2003 191 Landau Ernestina Loncarica Mijo Horga Damir Skaric Ivo 1999 Croatian Handbook of the International Phonetic Association A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet Cambridge Cambridge University Press pp 66 69 ISBN 978 0 521 65236 0External links editList of languages with tɕ on PHOIBLE Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Voiceless alveolo palatal affricate amp oldid 1193864526, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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