The voiced retrofleximplosive is a type of consonantal sound. It is not known to be phonemically distinct from alveolar /ɗ/ in any language. Sindhi has an implosive that varies between dental and retroflex articulation, while Oromo, Saraiki and Ngad'a have /ᶑ/ but not /ɗ/.[1]
Voiced retroflex implosive
ᶑ
Encoding
Entity (decimal)
ᶑ
Unicode (hex)
U+1D91
The symbol for this, ⟨ᶑ⟩ (a D with a tail for retroflex and a hook-top for implosive), is not "explicitly" approved by the IPA, but is mentioned in the IPA Handbook.[2]
Its manner of articulation is occlusive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Since the consonant is also oral, with no nasal outlet, the airflow is blocked entirely, and the consonant is a plosive.
Its place of articulation is retroflex, which prototypically means it is articulated subapical (with the tip of the tongue curled up), but more generally, it means that it is postalveolar without being palatalized. That is, besides the prototypical subapical articulation, the tongue contact can be apical (pointed) or laminal (flat).
Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
The airstream mechanism is implosive (glottalic ingressive), which means it is produced by pulling air in by pumping the glottis downward. Since it is voiced, the glottis is not completely closed, but allows a pulmonic airstream to escape through it.
^In Mangbai/ɗ/ may also be retroflex, but it appears to be a preglottalized [ʔ͡ɖ] rather than an implosive (Anonby 2008).
^Handbook of the International Phonetic Association, 1999, p. 166, 179.
^Shackle, Christopher (1976). The Siraiki language of central Pakistan : a reference grammar. London: School of Oriental and African Studies. pp. 22–23.
voiced, retroflex, implosive, retroflex, implosive, redirects, here, voiceless, consonant, voiceless, retroflex, implosive, voiced, retroflex, implosive, type, consonantal, sound, known, phonemically, distinct, from, alveolar, language, sindhi, implosive, that. Retroflex implosive redirects here For the voiceless consonant see Voiceless retroflex implosive The voiced retroflex implosive is a type of consonantal sound It is not known to be phonemically distinct from alveolar ɗ in any language Sindhi has an implosive that varies between dental and retroflex articulation while Oromo Saraiki and Ngad a have ᶑ but not ɗ 1 Voiced retroflex implosiveᶑEncodingEntity decimal amp 7569 Unicode hex U 1D91The symbol for this ᶑ a D with a tail for retroflex and a hook top for implosive is not explicitly approved by the IPA but is mentioned in the IPA Handbook 2 Contents 1 Features 2 Occurrence 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksFeatures EditFeatures of the voiced retroflex implosive Its manner of articulation is occlusive which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract Since the consonant is also oral with no nasal outlet the airflow is blocked entirely and the consonant is a plosive Its place of articulation is retroflex which prototypically means it is articulated subapical with the tip of the tongue curled up but more generally it means that it is postalveolar without being palatalized That is besides the prototypical subapical articulation the tongue contact can be apical pointed or laminal flat Its phonation is voiced which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation It is an oral consonant which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only It is a central consonant which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue rather than to the sides The airstream mechanism is implosive glottalic ingressive which means it is produced by pulling air in by pumping the glottis downward Since it is voiced the glottis is not completely closed but allows a pulmonic airstream to escape through it Occurrence EditLanguage Word IPA Meaning NotesMarwari citation needed कॾह kaᶑahin Ngadha modhe ˈmoᶑe good Oromo dhuma ᶑʊmɐ end Saraiki ݙاک ᶑak mail Either apical or subapical place of articulation is more forward thanfor the retroflex stops does not contrast with a dental implosive 3 See also EditList of phonetics topicsReferences Edit In Mangbai ɗ may also be retroflex but it appears to be a preglottalized ʔ ɖ rather than an implosive Anonby 2008 Handbook of the International Phonetic Association 1999 p 166 179 Shackle Christopher 1976 The Siraiki language of central Pakistan a reference grammar London School of Oriental and African Studies pp 22 23 External links EditList of languages with ᶑ on PHOIBLE Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Voiced retroflex implosive amp oldid 1110948664, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
