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Glottal consonants are consonants using the glottis as their primary articulation. Many phoneticians consider them, or at least the glottal fricative, to be transitional states of the glottis without a point of articulation as other consonants have, while some[who?] do not consider them to be consonants at all. However, glottal consonants behave as typical consonants in many languages. For example, in Literary Arabic, most words are formed from a root C-C-C consisting of three consonants, which are inserted into templates such as /CaːCiC/ or /maCCuːC/. The glottal consonants /h/ and /ʔ/ can occupy any of the three root consonant slots, just like "normal" consonants such as /k/ or /n/.
In many languages, the "fricatives" are not true fricatives. This is a historical usage of the word. They instead represent transitional states of the glottis (phonation) without a specific place of articulation, and may behave as approximants. [h] is a voiceless transition. [ɦ] is a breathy-voiced transition, and could be transcribed as [h̤]. Lamé is one of very few languages that contrasts voiceless and voiced glottal fricatives.[1]
The glottal stop occurs in many languages. Often all vocalic onsets are preceded by a glottal stop, for example in German (in careful pronunciation; often omitted in practice). The Hawaiian language writes the glottal stop as the ‘okina‘, which resembles a single open quotation mark. Some alphabets use diacritics for the glottal stop, such as hamza⟨ء⟩ in the Arabic alphabet; in many languages of Mesoamerica, the Latin letter ⟨h⟩ is used for glottal stop, in Maltese, the letter ⟨q⟩ is used, and in many indigenous languages of the Caucasus, the letter commonly referred to as heng⟨Ꜧ ꜧ⟩ is used.[citation needed]
Because the glottis is necessarily closed for the glottal stop, it cannot be voiced. So-called voiced glottal stops are not full stops, but rather creaky voiced glottal approximants that may be transcribed [ʔ̞]. They occur as the intervocalic allophone of glottal stop in many languages. Gimi contrasts /ʔ/ and /ʔ̞/, corresponding to /k/ and /ɡ/ in related languages.
glottal, consonant, confused, with, glottalic, consonant, laryngeal, consonant, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, this, article, includes, list, general, . Not to be confused with glottalic consonant or laryngeal consonant This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations July 2019 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article relies largely or entirely on a single source Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources Find sources Glottal consonant news newspapers books scholar JSTOR July 2019 Learn how and when to remove this template message Glottal consonants are consonants using the glottis as their primary articulation Many phoneticians consider them or at least the glottal fricative to be transitional states of the glottis without a point of articulation as other consonants have while some who do not consider them to be consonants at all However glottal consonants behave as typical consonants in many languages For example in Literary Arabic most words are formed from a root C C C consisting of three consonants which are inserted into templates such as CaːCiC or maCCuːC The glottal consonants h and ʔ can occupy any of the three root consonant slots just like normal consonants such as k or n The glottal consonants in the International Phonetic Alphabet are as follows IPA Description ExampleLanguage Orthography IPA Meaningʔ glottal stop Hawaiian okina ʔo ˈki na ʻOkinaɦ breathy voiced glottal fricative Czech Praha ˈpra ɦa Pragueh voiceless glottal fricative English hat ˈhaet hatʔ h voiceless glottal affricate Yuxi dialect 可 ʔ ho can may ʔ voiced glottal approximant Gimi example needed Characteristics editIn many languages the fricatives are not true fricatives This is a historical usage of the word They instead represent transitional states of the glottis phonation without a specific place of articulation and may behave as approximants h is a voiceless transition ɦ is a breathy voiced transition and could be transcribed as h Lame is one of very few languages that contrasts voiceless and voiced glottal fricatives 1 The glottal stop occurs in many languages Often all vocalic onsets are preceded by a glottal stop for example in German in careful pronunciation often omitted in practice The Hawaiian language writes the glottal stop as the okina which resembles a single open quotation mark Some alphabets use diacritics for the glottal stop such as hamza ء in the Arabic alphabet in many languages of Mesoamerica the Latin letter h is used for glottal stop in Maltese the letter q is used and in many indigenous languages of the Caucasus the letter commonly referred to as heng Ꜧ ꜧ is used citation needed Because the glottis is necessarily closed for the glottal stop it cannot be voiced So called voiced glottal stops are not full stops but rather creaky voiced glottal approximants that may be transcribed ʔ They occur as the intervocalic allophone of glottal stop in many languages Gimi contrasts ʔ and ʔ corresponding to k and ɡ in related languages See also editGlottalic consonant Glottalization Place of articulation Index of phonetics articles GutturalReferences edit Gronnum 2005 125 Gronnum Nina 2005 Fonetik og fonologi Almen og Dansk 3rd ed Copenhagen Akademisk Forlag ISBN 87 500 3865 6 Ladefoged Peter Maddieson Ian 1996 The Sounds of the World s Languages Oxford Blackwell ISBN 0 631 19814 8 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Glottal consonant amp oldid 1176683334, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
