Palatals are consonantsarticulated with the body of the tongue raised against the hard palate (the middle part of the roof of the mouth). Consonants with the tip of the tongue curled back against the palate are called retroflex.
The most common type of palatal consonant is the extremely common approximant[j], which ranks as among the ten most common sounds in the world's languages.[1] The nasal[ɲ] is also common, occurring in around 35 percent of the world's languages,[2] in most of which its equivalent obstruent is not the stop [c], but the affricate[t͡ʃ]. Only a few languages in northern Eurasia, the Americas and central Africa contrast palatal stops with postalveolar affricates—as in Hungarian, Czech, Latvian, Macedonian, Slovak, Turkish and Albanian.
Consonants with other primary articulations may be palatalized, that is, accompanied by the raising of the tongue surface towards the hard palate. For example, English [ʃ] (spelled sh) has such a palatal component, although its primary articulation involves the tip of the tongue and the upper gum (this type of articulation is called palatoalveolar).
Distinction from alveolo-palatal, apical palatalized consonants and consonant clusters
Palatal consonants can be distinguished from apical palatalized consonants and consonant clusters of a consonant and the palatal approximant [j]. The common laminal "palatalized" alveolars, which also contrast with palatals, have a rather unique place of articulation and should be called alveolo-palatal consonant. Palatal consonants have their primary articulation toward or in contact with the hard palate, whereas palatalized consonants have a primary articulation in some other area and a secondary articulation involving movement towards the hard palate. Palatal and palatalized consonants are both single phonemes, whereas a sequence of a consonant and [j] is logically two phonemes. However, (post)palatal consonants in general do not contrast with palatalized velars, which in theory have slightly wider place of articulation than postpalatals.[3]
Irish distinguishes the dorsal palatal nasal/ɲ/ (slender ng) from both the laminal alveolo-palatal nasal ("lenis") /ȵ/ (slender nn) and the apical palatalized alveolar nasal ("fortis") /nʲ/ (slender n), nonetheless most modern Irish speakers may either merge the latter two or depalatalize the apical palatalized consonant. So is the difference between the two Migueleño Chiquitano stops. In both languages alveolo-palatal consonants correspond to the palatalization or slender of alveolars while palatal consonants correspond to the palatalization or slender of velars.
Spanish marginally distinguishes palatal consonants from sequences of a dental and the palatal approximant, e.g. in lleísmo Spanish the laterals ll (/l̠ʲ/→ʎ) and ly (/lj/→lɟʝ), and for all Spanish speakers, in the case of nasals:
uñón/uȵon/→[uɲ̟on] "large nail"
unión/unjon/→[unɟʝon] "union"
So is the difference between Russian clusters ня and нъя (the Russian palatal approximant never becomes [ɟʝ]). However, phonetically speaking, the Spanish one is simultaneous alveolo-palatal and dento-alveolar or dento-alveolo-palatal[4] while the Russian soft one is alveolopalatal laminal (except for /rʲ/ which is apical with a secondary articulation). Neither are true palatals like the Irish one.
Sometimes the term palatal is used imprecisely to mean "palatalized". Also, languages that have sequences of consonants and /j/, but no separate palatal or palatalized consonants (e.g. English), will often pronounce the sequence with /j/ as a single palatal or palatalized consonant. This is due to the principle of least effort and is an example of the general phenomenon of coarticulation. (On the other hand, Spanish speakers can be careful to pronounce /nj/ as two separate sounds to avoid possible confusion with /ɲ/.)
^Ian Maddieson (with a chapter contributed by Sandra Ferrari Disner); Patterns of sounds; Cambridge University Press, 1984. ISBN0-521-26536-3
^Although in Old Tibetan the orthography did indicate a distinction between 'gy' and 'g.y' initials, the latter is commonly reconstructed as a cluster.
^Recasens, Daniel (2013), "On the articulatory classification of (alveolo)palatal consonants" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 43 (1): 11, doi:10.1017/S0025100312000199, S2CID 145463946
palatal, consonant, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, august,. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Palatal consonant news newspapers books scholar JSTOR August 2018 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet IPA For an introductory guide on IPA symbols see Help IPA For the distinction between and see IPA Brackets and transcription delimiters Palatals are consonants articulated with the body of the tongue raised against the hard palate the middle part of the roof of the mouth Consonants with the tip of the tongue curled back against the palate are called retroflex Contents 1 Characteristics 2 Distinction from alveolo palatal apical palatalized consonants and consonant clusters 3 Examples 4 See also 5 ReferencesCharacteristics EditThe most common type of palatal consonant is the extremely common approximant j which ranks as among the ten most common sounds in the world s languages 1 The nasal ɲ is also common occurring in around 35 percent of the world s languages 2 in most of which its equivalent obstruent is not the stop c but the affricate t ʃ Only a few languages in northern Eurasia the Americas and central Africa contrast palatal stops with postalveolar affricates as in Hungarian Czech Latvian Macedonian Slovak Turkish and Albanian Consonants with other primary articulations may be palatalized that is accompanied by the raising of the tongue surface towards the hard palate For example English ʃ spelled sh has such a palatal component although its primary articulation involves the tip of the tongue and the upper gum this type of articulation is called palatoalveolar In phonology alveolo palatal palatoalveolar and palatovelar consonants are commonly grouped as palatals since these categories rarely contrast with true palatals Sometimes palatalized alveolars or dentals can be analyzed in this manner as well Distinction from alveolo palatal apical palatalized consonants and consonant clusters EditPalatal consonants can be distinguished from apical palatalized consonants and consonant clusters of a consonant and the palatal approximant j The common laminal palatalized alveolars which also contrast with palatals have a rather unique place of articulation and should be called alveolo palatal consonant Palatal consonants have their primary articulation toward or in contact with the hard palate whereas palatalized consonants have a primary articulation in some other area and a secondary articulation involving movement towards the hard palate Palatal and palatalized consonants are both single phonemes whereas a sequence of a consonant and j is logically two phonemes However post palatal consonants in general do not contrast with palatalized velars which in theory have slightly wider place of articulation than postpalatals 3 Irish distinguishes the dorsal palatal nasal ɲ slender ng from both the laminal alveolo palatal nasal lenis ȵ slender nn and the apical palatalized alveolar nasal fortis nʲ slender n nonetheless most modern Irish speakers may either merge the latter two or depalatalize the apical palatalized consonant So is the difference between the two Migueleno Chiquitano stops In both languages alveolo palatal consonants correspond to the palatalization or slender of alveolars while palatal consonants correspond to the palatalization or slender of velars Spanish marginally distinguishes palatal consonants from sequences of a dental and the palatal approximant e g in lleismo Spanish the laterals ll l ʲ ʎ and ly lj lɟʝ and for all Spanish speakers in the case of nasals unon uȵon uɲ on large nail union unjon unɟʝon union So is the difference between Russian clusters nya and nya the Russian palatal approximant never becomes ɟʝ However phonetically speaking the Spanish one is simultaneous alveolo palatal and dento alveolar or dento alveolo palatal 4 while the Russian soft one is alveolopalatal laminal except for rʲ which is apical with a secondary articulation Neither are true palatals like the Irish one Sometimes the term palatal is used imprecisely to mean palatalized Also languages that have sequences of consonants and j but no separate palatal or palatalized consonants e g English will often pronounce the sequence with j as a single palatal or palatalized consonant This is due to the principle of least effort and is an example of the general phenomenon of coarticulation On the other hand Spanish speakers can be careful to pronounce nj as two separate sounds to avoid possible confusion with ɲ Examples EditFor a table of examples of palatal ɲ ʎ in the Romance languages see Palatalization sound change Mouille IPA Description ExampleLanguage Orthography IPA Meaning palatal nasal Malay banyak baɲaʔ many voiceless palatal plosive Hungarian hattyu hɒcːuː swan voiced palatal plosive Latvian gimene ɟimene family voiceless palatal fricative German nicht nɪct not voiced palatal fricative Spanish rayo raʝo lightning bolt palatal approximant English yes jɛs palatal lateral approximant Italian gli ʎi the masculine plural voiced palatal implosive Swahili hujambo huʄambo hello palatal click release many distinct consonants Nǁng ǂoo k ǂoo man maleSee also EditPalatalization phonetics Palatalization sound change Place of articulation Index of phonetics articlesReferences Edit PHOIBLE Online Segments phoible org Retrieved 2018 10 22 Ian Maddieson with a chapter contributed by Sandra Ferrari Disner Patterns of sounds Cambridge University Press 1984 ISBN 0 521 26536 3 Although in Old Tibetan the orthography did indicate a distinction between gy and g y initials the latter is commonly reconstructed as a cluster Recasens Daniel 2013 On the articulatory classification of alveolo palatal consonants PDF Journal of the International Phonetic Association 43 1 11 doi 10 1017 S0025100312000199 S2CID 145463946 Ladefoged Peter Maddieson Ian 1996 The Sounds of the World s Languages Oxford Blackwell ISBN 978 0 631 19815 4 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Palatal consonant amp oldid 1128600072, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
