Alveolar (/ælˈviːələr/;[1] UK also /ælviˈoʊlər/[2]) consonants are articulated with the tongue against or close to the superior alveolar ridge, which is called that because it contains the alveoli (the sockets) of the upper teeth. Alveolar consonants may be articulated with the tip of the tongue (the apical consonants), as in English, or with the flat of the tongue just above the tip (the "blade" of the tongue; called laminal consonants), as in French and Spanish.
Alveolar
◌͇
The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) does not have separate symbols for the alveolar consonants. Rather, the same symbol is used for all coronal places of articulation that are not palatalized like English palato-alveolarsh, or retroflex. To disambiguate, the bridge ([s̪, t̪, n̪, l̪], etc.) may be used for a dental consonant, or the under-bar ([s̠, t̠, n̠, l̠], etc.) may be used for the postalveolars. [s̪] differs from dental [θ] in that the former is a sibilant and the latter is not. [s̠] differs from postalveolar [ʃ] in being unpalatalized.
The bare letters [s, t, n, l], etc. cannot be assumed to specifically represent alveolars. The language may not make such distinctions, such that two or more coronal places of articulation are found allophonically, or the transcription may simply be too broad to distinguish dental from alveolar. If it is necessary to specify a consonant as alveolar, a diacritic from the Extended IPA may be used: [s͇, t͇, n͇, l͇], etc., though that could also mean extra-retracted.[3] The letters ⟨s, t, n, l⟩ are frequently called 'alveolar', and the language examples below are all alveolar sounds.
(The Extended IPA diacritic was devised for speech pathology and is frequently used to mean "alveolarized", as in the labioalveolar sounds [p͇, b͇, m͇, f͇, v͇], where the lower lip contacts the alveolar ridge.)
The alveolar or dental consonants [t] and [n] are, along with [k], the most common consonants in human languages.[6] Nonetheless, there are a few languages that lack them. A few languages on Bougainville Island and around Puget Sound, such as Makah, lack nasals and therefore [n], but have [t]. Colloquial Samoan, however, lacks both [t] and [n], but it has a lateral alveolar approximant/l/. (Samoan words written with t and n are pronounced with [k] and [ŋ] in colloquial speech.) In Standard Hawaiian, [t] is an allophone of /k/, but /l/ and /n/ exist.
Labioalveolar consonants
In labioalveolars, the lower lip contacts the alveolar ridge. Such sounds are typically the result of a severe overbite. In the Extensions to the IPA for disordered speech, they are transcribed with the alveolar diacritic on labial letters: ⟨m͇ p͇ b͇ f͇ v͇⟩.
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This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Alveolar consonant news newspapers books scholar JSTOR May 2015 Learn how and when to remove this template message Alveolar ae l ˈ v iː e l er 1 UK also ae l v i ˈ oʊ l er 2 consonants are articulated with the tongue against or close to the superior alveolar ridge which is called that because it contains the alveoli the sockets of the upper teeth Alveolar consonants may be articulated with the tip of the tongue the apical consonants as in English or with the flat of the tongue just above the tip the blade of the tongue called laminal consonants as in French and Spanish Alveolar The International Phonetic Alphabet IPA does not have separate symbols for the alveolar consonants Rather the same symbol is used for all coronal places of articulation that are not palatalized like English palato alveolar sh or retroflex To disambiguate the bridge s t n l etc may be used for a dental consonant or the under bar s t n l etc may be used for the postalveolars s differs from dental 8 in that the former is a sibilant and the latter is not s differs from postalveolar ʃ in being unpalatalized The bare letters s t n l etc cannot be assumed to specifically represent alveolars The language may not make such distinctions such that two or more coronal places of articulation are found allophonically or the transcription may simply be too broad to distinguish dental from alveolar If it is necessary to specify a consonant as alveolar a diacritic from the Extended IPA may be used s t n l etc though that could also mean extra retracted 3 The letters s t n l are frequently called alveolar and the language examples below are all alveolar sounds The Extended IPA diacritic was devised for speech pathology and is frequently used to mean alveolarized as in the labioalveolar sounds p b m f v where the lower lip contacts the alveolar ridge Contents 1 In IPA 2 Lack of alveolars 3 Labioalveolar consonants 4 See also 5 Notes 6 ReferencesIn IPA EditAlveolar consonants are transcribed in the IPA as follows IPA Description ExampleLanguage Orthography IPA Meaning in Englishn voiceless alveolar nasal Burmese 4 န n a nose voiced alveolar nasal English run ɹʌn voiceless alveolar plosive English top tɒp voiced alveolar plosive English debt dɛt voiceless alveolar fricative English suit suːt voiced alveolar fricative English zoo zuː voiceless alveolar affricate English pizza pit se voiced alveolar affricate Italian zaino ˈd zaino backpack voiceless alveolar lateral fricative Welsh llwyd ɬʊɪd grey voiced alveolar lateral fricative Zulu dlala ˈɮala to playt ɬ voiceless alveolar lateral affricate Tsez elIni ˈʔe t ɬni winterd ɮ voiced alveolar lateral affricate Pa Na 5 d ɮau deep voiced alveolar approximant English red ɹɛd 8 voiceless alveolar non sibilant fricative Irish English Italy ˈɪ8 ɪli d voiced alveolar non sibilant fricative Scouse English maid meɪd alveolar lateral approximant English loop lup velarized alveolar lateral approximant English milk mɪɫk alveolar flap English better bɛɾɚ alveolar lateral flap Venda vuɺa to open alveolar trill Spanish perro pero dog alveolar ejective Georgian ტიტა tʼitʼa tulipt sʼ alveolar ejective affricate Chechen cIe t sʼe name alveolar ejective fricative Amharic ጼጋ sʼɛɡa t ɬʼ alveolar lateral ejective affricate Navajo tlʼooʼdi t ɬʼoːʔtɪ at the outside alveolar lateral ejective fricative Adyghe plӀy pɬ e four voiced alveolar implosive Vietnamese đa ɗɐː Past tense indicatorƭ voiceless alveolar implosive Serer apical alveolar click release many distinct consonants Nama oas ᵑ ǃˀoas hollow alveolar lateral click release many distinct consonants Nama ǁi ᵑ ǁˀĩː discussedLack of alveolars EditThe alveolar or dental consonants t and n are along with k the most common consonants in human languages 6 Nonetheless there are a few languages that lack them A few languages on Bougainville Island and around Puget Sound such as Makah lack nasals and therefore n but have t Colloquial Samoan however lacks both t and n but it has a lateral alveolar approximant l Samoan words written with t and n are pronounced with k and ŋ in colloquial speech In Standard Hawaiian t is an allophone of k but l and n exist Labioalveolar consonants EditIn labioalveolars the lower lip contacts the alveolar ridge Such sounds are typically the result of a severe overbite In the Extensions to the IPA for disordered speech they are transcribed with the alveolar diacritic on labial letters m p b f v See also EditIndex of phonetics articles Perception of English r and l by Japanese speakers Place of articulationNotes Edit alveolar Oxford English Dictionary Online ed Oxford University Press Subscription or participating institution membership required alveolar Merriam Webster Dictionary ALVEOLAR English meaning Cambridge Dictionary Cambridge Dictionary alveolar CollinsDictionary com HarperCollins E g in Laver 1994 Principles of Phonetics p 559 560 Ladefoged amp Maddieson 1996 p 111 Chen Qiguang 陈其光 2001 A Brief Introduction of Bana Language 巴那语概况 Minzu Yuwen Ian Maddieson and Sandra Ferrari Disner 1984 Patterns of Sounds Cambridge University PressReferences EditLadefoged Peter Maddieson Ian 1996 The Sounds of the World s Languages Oxford Blackwell ISBN 978 0 631 19815 4 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Alveolar consonant amp oldid 1125360521, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
