fbpx
Wikipedia

Voiceless labiodental affricate

January 29, 2023

The voiceless labiodental affricate ([p̪͡f] in IPA) is a rare affricate consonant that is initiated as a labiodental stop [p̪] and released as a voiceless labiodental fricative [f].

Voiceless labiodental affricate
p̪f
Audio sample
source · help

The XiNkuna dialect of Tsonga has this affricate, as in [tiɱp̪͡fuβu] "hippopotamuses" and aspirated [ɱp̪͡fʰuka] "distance" (compare [ɱfutsu] "tortoise", which shows that the stop is not epenthetic), as well as a voiced labiodental affricate, [b̪͡v], as in [ʃileb̪͡vu] "chin". There is no voiceless labiodental fricative [f] in this dialect of Tsonga, only a voiceless bilabial fricative, as in [ɸu] "finished". (Among voiced fricatives, both [β] and [v] occur, however.)

German has a similar sound /p͡f/ in Pfeffer /ˈp͡fɛfɐ/ ('pepper') and Apfel /ˈap͡fəl/ ('apple'). Phonotactically, this sound does not occur after long vowels, diphthongs or /l/. It differs from a true labiodental affricate in that it starts out bilabial but then the lower lip retracts slightly for the frication.

The sound occurs occasionally in English, in words where one syllable ends with "p" and the next starts with "f", like in "helpful" or "stepfather".

Features

Features of the voiceless labiodental affricate:

  • Its manner of articulation is affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
  • There are two variants of the stop component:
    • bilabial, which means it is articulated with both lips. The affricate with this stop component is called bilabial-labiodental.
    • labiodental, which means it is articulated with the lower lip and the upper teeth.
  • The fricative component of this affricate is labiodental, articulated with the lower lip and the upper teeth.
  • Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.
  • It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
  • It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
  • The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and diaphragm, as in most sounds.

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
German Standard[1] Pfirsiche  [ˈp͡fɪɐ̯zɪçə] (help·info) 'peaches' Bilabial-labiodental. [1] Arisen as a reflex of /p/ in the 8th century High German sound shift.[2] See Standard German phonology
Swiss dialects[3][4] Soipfe [ˈz̥oi̯p͡fə] 'soap' Bilabial-labiodental. The example word is from the Zurich dialect.
Italian Some central-south dialects[5] infatti [iɱˈp̪͡fät̪̚t̪i] 'indeed' Labiodental, allophone of /f/ after nasals.[5] See Italian phonology
Luxembourgish[6] Kampf [ˈkʰɑmp͡f] 'fight' Occurs only in German loanwords.[6] See Luxembourgish phonology
Ngiti[7] pfɔ̀mvɔ [p̪͡fɔ̀ɱ(b̪)vɔ̄] 'water spirit' Less commonly [p͡ɸ][8]
Kinyarwanda gupfundikira [gup̪͡fu:ndiciɾa] 'to close, seal'
Tsonga XiNkuna dialect timpfuvu [tiɱp̪͡fuβu] 'hippopotami' Contrasts with aspirated form.
Mandarin Xi'an dialect 猪/豬 [p̪͡fu²¹] 'pig' From the labialization of retroflex stops in Middle Chinese

Notes

  1. ^ a b Mangold (2005), p. 45.
  2. ^ Fausto Cercignani, The Consonants of German: Synchrony and Diachrony, Milano, Cisalpino, 1979.
  3. ^ Fleischer & Schmid (2006), p. 244.
  4. ^ Marti (1985), p. ?.
  5. ^ a b Canepari (1992), p. 71.
  6. ^ a b Gilles & Trouvain (2013), p. 72.
  7. ^ Kutsch Lojenga (1992), p. 31.
  8. ^ Kutsch Lojenga (1992), p. 45.

References

  • Canepari, Luciano (1992), Il MªPi – Manuale di pronuncia italiana [Handbook of Italian Pronunciation] (in Italian), Bologna: Zanichelli, ISBN 88-08-24624-8
  • Fleischer, Jürg; Schmid, Stephan (2006), "Zurich German" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 36 (2): 243–253, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002441
  • Gilles, Peter; Trouvain, Jürgen (2013), "Luxembourgish" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 43 (1): 67–74, doi:10.1017/S0025100312000278
  • Kutsch Lojenga, Constance (1994), Ngiti: a Central-Sudanic language of Zaire, Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, ISBN 978-3-927620-71-1
  • Mangold, Max (2005) [First published 1962], Das Aussprachewörterbuch (6th ed.), Mannheim: Dudenverlag, ISBN 978-3-411-04066-7
  • Marti, Werner (1985), Berndeutsch-Grammatik, Bern: Francke, ISBN 3-7720-1587-5

External links

  • List of languages with [pf] on PHOIBLE

January 29, 2023
voiceless, labiodental, affricate, voiceless, labiodental, affricate, rare, affricate, consonant, that, initiated, labiodental, stop, released, voiceless, labiodental, fricative, faudio, sample, source, source, source, helpthe, xinkuna, dialect, tsonga, this, . The voiceless labiodental affricate p f in IPA is a rare affricate consonant that is initiated as a labiodental stop p and released as a voiceless labiodental fricative f Voiceless labiodental affricatep fAudio sample source source source helpThe XiNkuna dialect of Tsonga has this affricate as in tiɱp fubu hippopotamuses and aspirated ɱp fʰuka distance compare ɱfutsu tortoise which shows that the stop is not epenthetic as well as a voiced labiodental affricate b v as in ʃileb vu chin There is no voiceless labiodental fricative f in this dialect of Tsonga only a voiceless bilabial fricative as in ɸu finished Among voiced fricatives both b and v occur however German has a similar sound p f in Pfeffer ˈp fɛfɐ pepper and Apfel ˈap fel apple Phonotactically this sound does not occur after long vowels diphthongs or l It differs from a true labiodental affricate in that it starts out bilabial but then the lower lip retracts slightly for the frication The sound occurs occasionally in English in words where one syllable ends with p and the next starts with f like in helpful or stepfather Contents 1 Features 2 Occurrence 3 Notes 4 References 5 External linksFeatures EditFeatures of the voiceless labiodental affricate Its manner of articulation is affricate which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation causing turbulence There are two variants of the stop component bilabial which means it is articulated with both lips The affricate with this stop component is called bilabial labiodental labiodental which means it is articulated with the lower lip and the upper teeth The fricative component of this affricate is labiodental articulated with the lower lip and the upper teeth Its phonation is voiceless which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated so it is always voiceless in others the cords are lax so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds It is an oral consonant which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only It is a central consonant which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue rather than to the sides The airstream mechanism is pulmonic which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and diaphragm as in most sounds Occurrence EditLanguage Word IPA Meaning NotesGerman Standard 1 Pfirsiche ˈp fɪɐ zɪce help info peaches Bilabial labiodental 1 Arisen as a reflex of p in the 8th century High German sound shift 2 See Standard German phonologySwiss dialects 3 4 Soipfe ˈz oi p fe soap Bilabial labiodental The example word is from the Zurich dialect Italian Some central south dialects 5 infatti iɱˈp fat t i indeed Labiodental allophone of f after nasals 5 See Italian phonologyLuxembourgish 6 Kampf ˈkʰɑmp f fight Occurs only in German loanwords 6 See Luxembourgish phonologyNgiti 7 pfɔ mvɔ p fɔ ɱ b vɔ water spirit Less commonly p ɸ 8 Kinyarwanda gupfundikira gup fu ndiciɾa to close seal Tsonga XiNkuna dialect timpfuvu tiɱp fubu hippopotami Contrasts with aspirated form Mandarin Xi an dialect 猪 豬 p fu pig From the labialization of retroflex stops in Middle ChineseNotes Edit a b Mangold 2005 p 45 Fausto Cercignani The Consonants of German Synchrony and Diachrony Milano Cisalpino 1979 Fleischer amp Schmid 2006 p 244 Marti 1985 p a b Canepari 1992 p 71 a b Gilles amp Trouvain 2013 p 72 Kutsch Lojenga 1992 p 31 sfnp error no target CITEREFKutsch Lojenga1992 help Kutsch Lojenga 1992 p 45 sfnp error no target CITEREFKutsch Lojenga1992 help References EditCanepari Luciano 1992 Il MªPi Manuale di pronuncia italiana Handbook of Italian Pronunciation in Italian Bologna Zanichelli ISBN 88 08 24624 8 Fleischer Jurg Schmid Stephan 2006 Zurich German PDF Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36 2 243 253 doi 10 1017 S0025100306002441 Gilles Peter Trouvain Jurgen 2013 Luxembourgish PDF Journal of the International Phonetic Association 43 1 67 74 doi 10 1017 S0025100312000278 Kutsch Lojenga Constance 1994 Ngiti a Central Sudanic language of Zaire Koln Rudiger Koppe Verlag ISBN 978 3 927620 71 1 Mangold Max 2005 First published 1962 Das Ausspracheworterbuch 6th ed Mannheim Dudenverlag ISBN 978 3 411 04066 7 Marti Werner 1985 Berndeutsch Grammatik Bern Francke ISBN 3 7720 1587 5External links EditList of languages with pf on PHOIBLE Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Voiceless labiodental affricate amp oldid 1129110664, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.