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Voiced retroflex flap

August 24, 2023

"Retroflex flap" redirects here. For the voiceless consonant, see Voiceless retroflex flap.

The voiced retroflex flap is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɽ⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is r`.

Voiced retroflex flap
ɽ
IPA Number125
Audio sample
source · help
Encoding
Entity (decimal)ɽ
Unicode (hex)U+027D
X-SAMPAr`
Braille

Features

Features of the voiced retroflex flap:

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Bengali[1] গাড়ি [ɡäɽiː] 'car' Apical postalveolar.[1] See Bengali phonology
Dutch[2][3] North Brabant[4] riem [ɽim] 'belt' A rare word-initial variant of /r/.[5][6] Realization of /r/ varies considerably among dialects. See Dutch phonology
Northern Netherlands[4][7]
Elfdalian luv [ɽʏːv] 'permission'
Enga yála [jɑɽɑ] 'shame'
Gokana[8] bele [bēɽē] 'we' Apical postalveolar. Allophone of /l/, medially between vowels within the morpheme, and finally in the morpheme before a following vowel in the same word. It can be a postalveolar trill or simply [l] instead.[8]
Hausa bara [bəɽä] 'servant' Represented in Arabic script with ⟨ر⟩
Hindustani[9] Hindi बड़ा [bəɽäː] 'big' Apical postalveolar; contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms.[9] See Hindustani phonology
Urdu بڑا
Japanese[10][11][12] 心/kokoro [ko̞ko̞ɾ̠o̞] 'heart' Apical postalveolar, may be alveolar [ɾ] instead.[10][11][12] See Japanese phonology
Nepali[13] भाडा [bʱäɽä] 'rent' Apical postalveolar; postvocalic allophone of /ɖ, ɖʱ/.[14] See Nepali phonology
Norwegian Central dialects[15] blad [bɽɑː] 'leaf' Allophone of /l/ and /r/. In Urban East Norwegian it often alternates with the alveolar [ɾ], save for a small number of words.[15][16] See Norwegian phonology
Eastern dialects[15][16]
Odia[17] ଗାଡ଼ି [ɡäɽiː] 'car' Apical postalveolar; postvocalic allophone of /ɖ, ɖʱ/.[17]
Portuguese Some European speakers[18] falar [fɐˈläɽ] 'to speak' Allophone of /ɾ/. See Portuguese phonology
Brazilian caipira speakers[19][20] madeira [mäˈd̪eɽə] 'wood'
Some sertanejo speakers[21] gargalhar [ɡäɽɡäˈʎäɽ] 'to guffaw'
Punjabi[22] Gurmukhi ਘੋੜਾ [kòːɽɑː] 'horse'
Shahmukhi گھوڑا
Scottish Gaelic Lewis thuirt [hʉɽʈ] 'said' Possible realisation of /rˠ/.
Shipibo[23] roro [ˈɽo̽ɽo̽] 'to break' Apical postalveolar; possible realization of /r/.[23]
Swedish Some dialects[16] blad [bɽɑː(d)] 'leaf' Allophone of /l/. See Swedish phonology
Tamil நாடு [naːɽɯ] 'country' Intervocalic and word-medial allophone of /ʈ/. See Tamil phonology
Telugu గోడు [goːɽu] 'grief' Allophone of /ɖ/
Tukano[24] Ye’pâ-Masa petâ-de [pɛ̀ɛ̥̀táɽɛ᷆] '(relative to the) port' Realisation of ⟨d⟩ in certain positions. Nasalised [ɽ͂] in nasal contexts.[24]
Wapishana[25] [pɨɖaɽɨ] 'your father'
Warlpiri jarda [caɽa] 'sleep' Transcribes /ɽ/ as rd.
Yidiny[26] [gambi:ɽ] 'tablelands'

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b Mazumdar (2000:57)
  2. ^ Goeman & van de Velde (2001:91, 94–95, 97, 101, 107)
  3. ^ Verstraten & van de Velde (2001:50–51, 53–55)
  4. ^ a b Goeman & van de Velde (2001:107)
  5. ^ Goeman & van de Velde (2001:95, 97, 101, 107)
  6. ^ Verstraten & van de Velde (2001:50–51, 53–54)
  7. ^ Verstraten & van de Velde (2001:54)
  8. ^ a b L.F. Brosnahan. (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-04-03. Retrieved 2013-11-24.
  9. ^ a b Tiwari (2004:?)
  10. ^ a b Okada (1999:118)
  11. ^ a b Vance (2008:89)
  12. ^ a b Labrune (2012:92)
  13. ^ Khatiwada (2009:377)
  14. ^ Khatiwada (2009:374)
  15. ^ a b c Heide (2010:3–44)
  16. ^ a b c Kristoffersen (2000:24)
  17. ^ a b Masica (1991:107)
  18. ^ Lista das marcas dialetais e ouros fenómenos de variação (fonética e fonológica) identificados nas amostras do Arquivo Dialetal do CLUP (in Portuguese)
  19. ^ (in Portuguese) Acoustic-phonetic characteristics of the Brazilian Portuguese's retroflex /r/: data from respondents in Pato Branco, Paraná. Irineu da Silva Ferraz. Pages 19–21
  20. ^ (in Portuguese) Syllable coda /r/ in the "capital" of the paulista hinterland: sociolinguistic analisis. Cândida Mara Britto LEITE. Page 111 (page 2 in the attached PDF)
  21. ^ (in Portuguese) Rhotic consonants in the speech of three municipalities of Rio de Janeiro: Petrópolis, Itaperuna and Paraty. Pages 22 and 23.
  22. ^ Bashir, Elena; J. Conners, Thomas (2019). "3.3.1". A Descriptive Grammar of Hindko, Panjabi, and Saraiki. Vol. 4 of Mouton-CASL Grammar Series. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. p. 24. ISBN 9781614512257.
  23. ^ a b Valenzuela, Márquez Pinedo & Maddieson (2001:282)
  24. ^ a b Ramirez (2019:22)
  25. ^ dos Santos (2006:34)
  26. ^ Dixon, R.M.W (1977). A Grammar of Yidiɲ. London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University Press. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-521-14242-7.

References

  • dos Santos, Manoel Gomes (2006), Uma gramática do Wapixana (Aruak): aspectos da fonologia, da morfologia e da sintaxe (PhD thesis), Campinas: University of Campinas, doi:10.47749/T/UNICAMP.2006.368861, hdl:20.500.12733/1602812
  • Goeman, Ton; van de Velde, Hans (2001). "Co-occurrence constraints on /r/ and /ɣ/ in Dutch dialects". In van de Velde, Hans; van Hout, Roeland (eds.). 'r-atics. pp. 91–112. ISSN 0777-3692. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
  • Heide, Eldar (2010), "Tjukk l – Retroflektert tydeleggjering av kort kvantitet. Om kvalitetskløyvinga av det gamle kvantitetssystemet.", Maal og Minne (in Norwegian), Novus forlag, 1
  • Khatiwada, Rajesh (2009), "Nepali", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 39 (3): 337–380, doi:10.1017/s0025100309990181
  • Kristoffersen, Gjert (2000), The Phonology of Norwegian, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-823765-5
  • Labrune, Laurence (2012), The Phonology of Japanese, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-954583-4
  • Mazumdar, Bijaychandra (2000) [First published 1920], The history of the Bengali language, New Delhi: Asian Educational Services, ISBN 8120614526
  • Okada, Hideo (1999), "Japanese", in International Phonetic Association (ed.), Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge University Press, pp. 117–119, ISBN 978-0-52163751-0
  • Ramirez, Henri (2019), A Fala Tukano dos Ye'pâ-Masa: Tomo I, Porto Velho: CEDEM
  • Tiwari, Bholanath (2004) [First published 1966], Hindī Bhāshā, Kitāb Mahal: Kitāb Mahal, ISBN 81-225-0017-X
  • Valenzuela, Pilar M.; Márquez Pinedo, Luis; Maddieson, Ian (2001), "Shipibo", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 31 (2): 281–285, doi:10.1017/S0025100301002109
  • Vance, Timothy J. (2008), The Sounds of Japanese, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-5216-1754-3
  • Verstraten, Bart; van de Velde, Hans (2001). "Socio-geographical variation of /r/ in standard Dutch". In van de Velde, Hans; van Hout, Roeland (eds.). 'r-atics. pp. 45–61. ISSN 0777-3692. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
  • Masica, Colin (1991). The Indo-Aryan Languages. Cambridge Language Surveys. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-29944-2.

External links

  • List of languages with [ɽ] on PHOIBLE

August 24, 2023
voiced, retroflex, flap, retroflex, flap, redirects, here, voiceless, consonant, voiceless, retroflex, flap, voiced, retroflex, flap, type, consonantal, sound, used, some, spoken, languages, symbol, international, phonetic, alphabet, that, represents, this, so. Retroflex flap redirects here For the voiceless consonant see Voiceless retroflex flap The voiced retroflex flap is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ɽ and the equivalent X SAMPA symbol is r Voiced retroflex flapɽIPA Number125Audio sample source source source helpEncodingEntity decimal amp 637 Unicode hex U 027DX SAMPAr BrailleImage Contents 1 Features 2 Occurrence 3 See also 4 Notes 5 References 6 External linksFeatures EditFeatures of the voiced retroflex flap Its manner of articulation is tap or flap which means it is produced with a single contraction of the muscles so that one articulator usually the tongue is thrown against another Its place of articulation is retroflex which prototypically means it is articulated subapical with the tip of the tongue curled up but more generally it means that it is postalveolar without being palatalized That is besides the prototypical subapical articulation the tongue contact can be apical pointed or laminal flat Its phonation is voiced which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation It is an oral consonant which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only It is a central consonant which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue rather than to the sides The airstream mechanism is pulmonic which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and diaphragm as in most sounds Occurrence EditLanguage Word IPA Meaning NotesBengali 1 গ ড ɡaɽiː car Apical postalveolar 1 See Bengali phonologyDutch 2 3 North Brabant 4 riem ɽim belt A rare word initial variant of r 5 6 Realization of r varies considerably among dialects See Dutch phonologyNorthern Netherlands 4 7 Elfdalian luv ɽʏːv permission Enga yala jɑɽɑ shame Gokana 8 bele beɽe we Apical postalveolar Allophone of l medially between vowels within the morpheme and finally in the morpheme before a following vowel in the same word It can be a postalveolar trill or simply l instead 8 Hausa bara beɽa servant Represented in Arabic script with ر Hindustani 9 Hindi बड beɽaː big Apical postalveolar contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms 9 See Hindustani phonologyUrdu بڑاJapanese 10 11 12 心 kokoro ko ko ɾ o heart Apical postalveolar may be alveolar ɾ instead 10 11 12 See Japanese phonologyNepali 13 भ ड bʱaɽa rent Apical postalveolar postvocalic allophone of ɖ ɖʱ 14 See Nepali phonologyNorwegian Central dialects 15 blad bɽɑː leaf Allophone of l and r In Urban East Norwegian it often alternates with the alveolar ɾ save for a small number of words 15 16 See Norwegian phonologyEastern dialects 15 16 Odia 17 ଗ ଡ ɡaɽiː car Apical postalveolar postvocalic allophone of ɖ ɖʱ 17 Portuguese Some European speakers 18 falar fɐˈlaɽ to speak Allophone of ɾ See Portuguese phonologyBrazilian caipira speakers 19 20 madeira maˈd eɽe wood Some sertanejo speakers 21 gargalhar ɡaɽɡaˈʎaɽ to guffaw Punjabi 22 Gurmukhi ਘ ੜ koːɽɑː horse Shahmukhi گھوڑاScottish Gaelic Lewis thuirt hʉɽʈ said Possible realisation of rˠ Shipibo 23 roro ˈɽo ɽo to break Apical postalveolar possible realization of r 23 Swedish Some dialects 16 blad bɽɑː d leaf Allophone of l See Swedish phonologyTamil ந ட naːɽɯ country Intervocalic and word medial allophone of ʈ See Tamil phonologyTelugu గ డ goːɽu grief Allophone of ɖ Tukano 24 Ye pa Masa peta de pɛ ɛ taɽɛ relative to the port Realisation of d in certain positions Nasalised ɽ in nasal contexts 24 Wapishana 25 pɨɖaɽɨ your father Warlpiri jarda caɽa sleep Transcribes ɽ as rd Yidiny 26 gambi ɽ tablelands See also EditIndex of phonetics articlesNotes Edit a b Mazumdar 2000 57 Goeman amp van de Velde 2001 91 94 95 97 101 107 Verstraten amp van de Velde 2001 50 51 53 55 a b Goeman amp van de Velde 2001 107 Goeman amp van de Velde 2001 95 97 101 107 Verstraten amp van de Velde 2001 50 51 53 54 Verstraten amp van de Velde 2001 54 a b L F Brosnahan Outlines of the phonology of the Gokana dialect of Ogoni PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2013 04 03 Retrieved 2013 11 24 a b Tiwari 2004 a b Okada 1999 118 a b Vance 2008 89 a b Labrune 2012 92 Khatiwada 2009 377 Khatiwada 2009 374 a b c Heide 2010 3 44 a b c Kristoffersen 2000 24 a b Masica 1991 107 Lista das marcas dialetais e ouros fenomenos de variacao fonetica e fonologica identificados nas amostras do Arquivo Dialetal do CLUP in Portuguese in Portuguese Acoustic phonetic characteristics of the Brazilian Portuguese s retroflex r data from respondents in Pato Branco Parana Irineu da Silva Ferraz Pages 19 21 in Portuguese Syllable coda r in the capital of the paulista hinterland sociolinguistic analisis Candida Mara Britto LEITE Page 111 page 2 in the attached PDF in Portuguese Rhotic consonants in the speech of three municipalities of Rio de Janeiro Petropolis Itaperuna and Paraty Pages 22 and 23 Bashir Elena J Conners Thomas 2019 3 3 1 A Descriptive Grammar of Hindko Panjabi and Saraiki Vol 4 of Mouton CASL Grammar Series Walter de Gruyter GmbH amp Co KG p 24 ISBN 9781614512257 a b Valenzuela Marquez Pinedo amp Maddieson 2001 282 a b Ramirez 2019 22 dos Santos 2006 34 Dixon R M W 1977 A Grammar of Yidiɲ London New York Melbourne Cambridge University Press p 3 ISBN 978 0 521 14242 7 References Editdos Santos Manoel Gomes 2006 Uma gramatica do Wapixana Aruak aspectos da fonologia da morfologia e da sintaxe PhD thesis Campinas University of Campinas doi 10 47749 T UNICAMP 2006 368861 hdl 20 500 12733 1602812 Goeman Ton van de Velde Hans 2001 Co occurrence constraints on r and ɣ in Dutch dialects In van de Velde Hans van Hout Roeland eds r atics pp 91 112 ISSN 0777 3692 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a journal ignored help Heide Eldar 2010 Tjukk l Retroflektert tydeleggjering av kort kvantitet Om kvalitetskloyvinga av det gamle kvantitetssystemet Maal og Minne in Norwegian Novus forlag 1 Khatiwada Rajesh 2009 Nepali Journal of the International Phonetic Association 39 3 337 380 doi 10 1017 s0025100309990181 Kristoffersen Gjert 2000 The Phonology of Norwegian Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 823765 5 Labrune Laurence 2012 The Phonology of Japanese Oxford England Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 954583 4 Mazumdar Bijaychandra 2000 First published 1920 The history of the Bengali language New Delhi Asian Educational Services ISBN 8120614526 Okada Hideo 1999 Japanese in International Phonetic Association ed Handbook of the International Phonetic Association A Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet Cambridge University Press pp 117 119 ISBN 978 0 52163751 0 Ramirez Henri 2019 A Fala Tukano dos Ye pa Masa Tomo I Porto Velho CEDEM Tiwari Bholanath 2004 First published 1966 Hindi Bhasha Kitab Mahal Kitab Mahal ISBN 81 225 0017 X Valenzuela Pilar M Marquez Pinedo Luis Maddieson Ian 2001 Shipibo Journal of the International Phonetic Association 31 2 281 285 doi 10 1017 S0025100301002109 Vance Timothy J 2008 The Sounds of Japanese Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 5216 1754 3 Verstraten Bart van de Velde Hans 2001 Socio geographical variation of r in standard Dutch In van de Velde Hans van Hout Roeland eds r atics pp 45 61 ISSN 0777 3692 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a journal ignored help Masica Colin 1991 The Indo Aryan Languages Cambridge Language Surveys Cambridge Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 29944 2 External links EditList of languages with ɽ on PHOIBLE Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Voiced retroflex flap amp oldid 1171934982, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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