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List of extinct languages and dialects of Europe

April 13, 2024

This article is a list of languages and dialects that have no native speakers, no spoken descendents, and diverged from their parent language in Europe.

Language Endangerment Status
Extinct (EX)
Endangered
Safe
Other categories
Related topics

UNESCO Atlas of the World's
Languages in Danger categories

List edit

Language/dialect Family Date of extinction Region Ethnic group
Aeolic Greek Indo-European [data missing] Aeolis, Boeotia, Lesbos, Thessaly Aeolians
Aequian Indo-European 200s BC[1] East-central Italy Aequi
Akkala Sámi Uralic 29 December 2003 AD[2] Southwest Kola Peninsula Akkala Sámi
Alavese Basque (language isolate) [data missing] Álava Alavese Basques
Ancient Belgian Indo-European [data missing] Nordwestblock Belgae
Ancient Macedonian Indo-European 0s AD[3] Macedonia Ancient Macedonians
Andalusi Arabic Afroasiatic 1600s AD[4] Al-Andalus Andalusi Muslims
Andalusi Romance Indo-European 1300s AD[5] Al-Andalus Mozarabs and Muladí
Anglo-Norman Indo-European 1400s AD[6] Norman England Anglo-Normans
Aquitanian Language isolate [data missing] Novempopulania and Basque Country Aquitani
Arcadocypriot Greek Indo-European [data missing] Arcadia and Cyprus Arcadocypriot Greeks
Armeno-Kipchak Turkic 1600 AD[7] Crimea Crimean Armenians
Arran Gaelic Indo-European 1977 AD[8] Isle of Arran Arran Gaels
Auregnais Indo-European 1960s AD[9] Alderney Channel Islanders of Alderney
Basque–Icelandic pidgin Basque–Icelandic pidgin [data missing] Westfjords Basque whalers and Icelanders
Bohemian Romani Indo-European 1945 AD[10] Bohemia Bohemian Romani
Borgarmålet Swedish–Sámi pidgin [data missing] Swedish Sápmi Swedes and Sámi
British Latin Indo-European 700s AD[11] Roman Britain; later Anglo-Saxon England British Romans
Bulgar Turkic [data missing] Danubian Bulgaria and Volga Bulgaria Bulgars
Burgundian Indo-European 500s AD[12] Kingdom of the Burgundians Burgundians
Camunic Unclassified [data missing] Val Camonica Camunni
Celtiberian Indo-European [data missing] Iberia Celtiberians
Cimmerian Indo-European [data missing] North Caucasus Cimmerians
Cisalpine Gaulish Indo-European [data missing] Cisalpine Gaul Cisalpine Gauls
Classical Gaelic Indo-European [data missing] Scotland and Ireland Scots and Irish
Crimean Gothic Indo-European 1700s AD[13] Crimea Crimean Goths
Cuman Turkic 1770 AD[14] Cumania Cumans
Cumbric Indo-European 1100s AD[15] Cumbria Cumbrians
Curonian Indo-European 1500s AD[16] Courland Curonians
Dacian Indo-European 500s AD[17] Dacia Dacians
Dalmatian Indo-European 10 June 1898 AD[18] Dalmatia Dalmatae
Dardanian Indo-European [data missing] Kingdom of Dardania Dardani
Deeside Gaelic Indo-European 18 March 1984 AD[19] Aberdeenshire Gaels of Aberdeenshire
East Galindian Indo-European [data missing] Protva basin Eastern Galindians
Eastern Navarrese Language isolate 1991 AD[20] Navarre Basques
Elymian Indo-European [data missing] Western Sicily Elymians
Èrsh Northeast Caucasian [data missing] Caucasus Èr
Eteocretan Unclassified [data missing] Crete Eteocretans
Eteocypriot Unclassified 300s BC[21] Cyprus Eteocypriots
Etruscan Tyrsenian 0s AD[22] Etruria Etruscans
Faliscan Indo-European [data missing] Northern Lazio Falisci
Fingallian Indo-European [data missing] Fingal Fingallians
Gallaecian Indo-European [data missing] Gallaecia Gallaeci
Galwegian Gaelic Indo-European [data missing] Galloway Galwegian Gaels
Gaulish Indo-European 500s AD[23] Gaul Gauls
Gothic Indo-European 1700s AD[24] Throughout Europe Goths
Hernican Indo-European 1000s BC[25] Southeast Latium Hernici
Hunnic Unclassified [data missing] Hunnic Empire Huns
Iazychie Indo-European 1900s AD[26] Halychyna, Bukovina, Zakarpattia Ukrainian and Carpatho-Rusyn Moskvophiles
Iberian Unclassified 0s AD[27] Iberia Iberians
Illyrian Indo-European 100s AD[28] Illyria Illyrians
Jassic Indo-European [data missing] Jászság Jász
Judaeo-Aragonese Indo-European [data missing] Aragon Aragonese Jews
Judaeo-Piedmontese Indo-European [data missing] Piedmont Piedmontese Jews
Judaeo-Portuguese Indo-European 1800s AD[29] Portugal Portuguese Jews
Judaeo-Provençal Indo-European 3 November 1977 AD[30] Provence Provençal Jews
Kainuu Sámi Uralic [data missing] Kainuu Kainuu Sámi
Kemi Sámi Uralic [data missing] Southern Finnish Lapland Kemi Sámi
Khazar Turkic [data missing] Khazar Khaganate Khazars
Kilit Indo-European [data missing] Kilit Talysh of Kilit
Klezmer-loshn Indo-European [data missing] Eastern Europe Klezmorim
Knaanic Indo-European [data missing] Central Europe West Slavic Jews
Krevinian Uralic 1800s AD[31] Latvia Votians
Laiuse Romani Mixed Romani–Estonian 1940s AD[32] Laiuse Romani of Laiuse
Lanuvian Indo-European [data missing] Lanuvium Lanuvians
Leinster Irish Indo-European [data missing] Leinster Irish of Leinster
Lemnian Tyrsenian 400s BC[33] Lemnos Lemnians
Lepontic Indo-European 0s BC[34] Cisalpine Gaul and Raetia Lepontii
Liburnian Indo-European [data missing] Liburnia Liburnians
Ligurian Unclassified 100s AD[35] Liguria Ligures
Locrian Greek Indo-European [data missing] Locris Locrians
Lombardic Indo-European 800s AD[36] Pannonia and Italy Lombards
Lusitanian Indo-European 100s AD[37] Lusitania Lusitanians
Marsian Indo-European 150s BC[38] Marsica Marsi
Marrucinian Indo-European [data missing] Chieti Marrucini
Merya Uralic [data missing] Upper Volga region Meryans
Meshchera Uralic [data missing] Meshchera Lowlands Meshchera
Messapic Indo-European 100s BC[39] Salento Messapians
Minoan Unclassified 1450s BC[40] Crete Minoans
Moselle Romance Indo-European 1000s AD[41] The Moselle People along the Moselle
Muromian Uralic 900s AD[42] Oka basin Muromians
Noric Indo-European 100s AD[43] Noricum Norici
Norn Indo-European 1850 AD[44] Northern Isles and Caithness Norse settlement of Northern Isles and Caithness
North Picene Unclassified [data missing] North Picenum North Picentes
Northern Manx Indo-European 1940s AD[45] Northern part of the Isle of Man Northern Manx
Old Novgorod Indo-European 1500s AD[46] Novgorod Republic Novgorodians
Old Prussian Indo-European 1700s AD[47] Prussia Old Prussians
Orkhon Turkic Turkic 1200s AD[48] Eastern Europe Göktürks
Oscan Indo-European 0s AD[49] Campania and Latium adiectum Osci
Ottoman Turkish Turkic 1950s AD[50] Ottoman Empire Ottoman Turks
Paelignian Indo-European [data missing] Valle Peligna Paeligni
Paeonian Indo-European [data missing] Paeonia Paeonians
Paleo-Corsican Unclassified [data missing] Corsica Ancient Corsi
Paleo-Sardinian Unclassified [data missing] Sardinia Nuragic peoples
Pamphylian Greek Indo-European [data missing] Pamphylia Pamphylians
Pannonian Romance Indo-European [data missing] Pannonia Latin Pannonians
Pecheneg Turkic [data missing] Eastern Europe Pechenegs
Pelasgian Unclassified [data missing] Aegean Islands Pelasgians
Phrygian Indo-European 100 AD[51] Balkans Bryges
Pictish Indo-European 1000s AD[52] Northern Scotland Picts
Polabian Indo-European 3 October 1756 AD[53] Northeastern Germany Polabian Slavs
Praenestinian Indo-European [data missing] Palestrina Praenestinians
Pre-Samnite Indo-European [data missing] Campania Pre-Samnites
Punic Afro-Asiatic 500s AD[54] Malta, Balearic Islands, western Sicily and southern and eastern Sardinia Carthaginians
Rhaetic Tyrsenian [data missing] Raetia Raeti
Rotvælsk Indo-European 1900s AD[55] Denmark Natmændsfolk
Russenorsk Russian–Norwegian pidgin 1900s AD[56] Northern Norway Pomors and Norwegians
Sabine Indo-European 300s-200s BC[57] Sabina Sabines
Selonian Indo-European [data missing] Selonia Selonians
Semigallian Indo-European 1500s AD[58] Semigallia Semigallians
Shirvani Arabic Afroasiatic [data missing] Shirvan Shirvani
Sicanian Unclassified [data missing] Central Sicily Sicani
Siculian Indo-European 300s BC[59] Eastern Sicily Sicels
Sidicini Indo-European [data missing] Sidicinum Sidicini
Skalvian Indo-European [data missing] Scalovia Skalvians
Slovincian Indo-European 1900s AD[60] Northwestern Kashubia Slovincians
Solombala English English–Russian pidgin [data missing] Solombala Shipyard English and Russian traders
Sorophatic Indo-European 100s AD[citation needed] Catalan Countries Sorophatic people
South Picene Indo-European 300s BC[61] South Picenum South Picentes
Sudovian Indo-European [data missing] Yotvingia Yotvingians
Suebian Indo-European [data missing] Elbe basin and northwestern Iberia Suebi
Tartessian Unclassified 400s BC[62] Tartessos Tartessians
Thracian Indo-European 500s AD[63] Thracia Thracians
Ubykh Northwest Caucasian 7 October 1992 AD[64] Ubykhia Ubykh
Umbrian Indo-European [data missing] Umbria Umbri
Vandalic Indo-European 500s AD[65] Vandal kingdoms Vandals
Venetic Indo-European 0s BC[66] Veneto Adriatic Veneti
Vestinian Indo-European 100s BC[67] Abruzzo Vestini
Volscian Indo-European 200s BC[68] Volscia Volsci
West Galindian Indo-European [data missing] Northeastern Poland Western Galindians
Yola Indo-European 1800s AD[69] Forth and Bargy Irish of Forth and Bargy
Zarphatic Indo-European 1300s AD[70] Northern France and west-central Germany French Jews

See also edit

References edit

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  2. ^ [Nordic Sami Convention] (PDF) (in Norwegian). 26 October 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 April 2007. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
  3. ^ "Ancient Macedonian". Archived from the original on 22 November 2013. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
  4. ^ Versteegh, Kees (2006). Eid, Mushira (ed.). Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics. Brill.
  5. ^ Mozarabic language at the Encyclopædia Britannica
  6. ^ . Archived from the original on 11 May 2021. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
  7. ^ Abdurrazak Peler, Gökçe Yükselen (2015). "Tarihte Türk – Ermeni Temasları Sonucunda Ortaya Çıkmış Bir Halk: Ermeni Kıpçakları veya Gregoryan K" [A People Emerged as A Result of Historical Turkic – Armenian Contact: The Armeno-Kipchaks or Gregorian Kipchaks]. Journal of Turkish Studies (in Turkish). 10 (8): 253. doi:10.7827/turkishstudies.8215.
  8. ^ Broderick, George (2018). "The Arran Place-Name Survey: 1974–1975". The Journal of Scottish Name Studies. 12. University of Mannheim: 4. Retrieved 5 December 2023. The reputedly last native speaker of Arran Gaelic, Donald Craig (1899–1977)...
  9. ^ Satter, Raphael (4 October 2012). "Scottish man dies, taking town's unique dialect with him". Toronto Star. Retrieved 4 September 2023. The last native speaker of Alderney French, a Norman dialect spoken in the Channel Islands, died around 1960.
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  11. ^ Charles-Edwards, Thomas (29 November 2012). Wales and the Britons, 350-1064. Oxford University Press. p. 75. ISBN 978-0198217312.
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  16. ^ Haarmann, Harald (2002). [Curonian]. In Okuka, Miloš (ed.). Lexikon der Sprachen des europäischen Ostens. Wieser Enzyklopaedie des europäischen Ostens (in German). Vol. 10. Klagenfurt, Austria: Wieser. p. 957. ISBN 3851295102. OCLC 610229982. Archived from the original on 19 October 2013. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
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  69. ^ Hickey, Raymond (2023). "3.6.2 The Dialect of Forth and Bargy". The Oxford Handbook of Irish English. Oxford University Press. p. 48. After a period of decline, it was replaced entirely in the early nineteenth century by general Irish English of the region.
  70. ^ Kiwitt, Marc; Zwink, Julia. "Judeo-French". Jewish Languages. Hebrew Union College – Jewish Institute of Religion. from the original on 13 October 2022. Retrieved 13 October 2022.

April 13, 2024
list, extinct, languages, dialects, europe, this, article, missing, information, about, extinction, dates, some, languages, dialects, please, expand, article, include, this, information, further, details, exist, talk, page, november, 2023, this, article, list,. This article is missing information about the extinction dates of some of the languages and dialects Please expand the article to include this information Further details may exist on the talk page November 2023 This article is a list of languages and dialects that have no native speakers no spoken descendents and diverged from their parent language in Europe Language Endangerment Status by UNESCO Atlas of the World s Languages in Danger categoryExtinct EX Extinct EX lists EndangeredCritically Endangered CR Severely Endangered SE Definitely Endangered DE Vulnerable VU list list list list SafeSafe NE lists Other categoriesRevived RE Constructed CL list list Related topics Atlas of the World s Languages in Danger Endangered Languages Project Ethnologue Unclassified language List of languages by total number of speakersUNESCO Atlas of the World s Languages in Danger categoriesvteList editThis list is incomplete you can help by adding missing items November 2023 Language dialect Family Date of extinction Region Ethnic groupAeolic Greek Indo European data missing Aeolis Boeotia Lesbos Thessaly AeoliansAequian Indo European 200s BC 1 East central Italy AequiAkkala Sami Uralic 29 December 2003 AD 2 Southwest Kola Peninsula Akkala SamiAlavese Basque language isolate data missing Alava Alavese BasquesAncient Belgian Indo European data missing Nordwestblock BelgaeAncient Macedonian Indo European 0s AD 3 Macedonia Ancient MacedoniansAndalusi Arabic Afroasiatic 1600s AD 4 Al Andalus Andalusi MuslimsAndalusi Romance Indo European 1300s AD 5 Al Andalus Mozarabs and MuladiAnglo Norman Indo European 1400s AD 6 Norman England Anglo NormansAquitanian Language isolate data missing Novempopulania and Basque Country AquitaniArcadocypriot Greek Indo European data missing Arcadia and Cyprus Arcadocypriot GreeksArmeno Kipchak Turkic 1600 AD 7 Crimea Crimean ArmeniansArran Gaelic Indo European 1977 AD 8 Isle of Arran Arran GaelsAuregnais Indo European 1960s AD 9 Alderney Channel Islanders of AlderneyBasque Icelandic pidgin Basque Icelandic pidgin data missing Westfjords Basque whalers and IcelandersBohemian Romani Indo European 1945 AD 10 Bohemia Bohemian RomaniBorgarmalet Swedish Sami pidgin data missing Swedish Sapmi Swedes and SamiBritish Latin Indo European 700s AD 11 Roman Britain later Anglo Saxon England British RomansBulgar Turkic data missing Danubian Bulgaria and Volga Bulgaria BulgarsBurgundian Indo European 500s AD 12 Kingdom of the Burgundians BurgundiansCamunic Unclassified data missing Val Camonica CamunniCeltiberian Indo European data missing Iberia CeltiberiansCimmerian Indo European data missing North Caucasus CimmeriansCisalpine Gaulish Indo European data missing Cisalpine Gaul Cisalpine GaulsClassical Gaelic Indo European data missing Scotland and Ireland Scots and IrishCrimean Gothic Indo European 1700s AD 13 Crimea Crimean GothsCuman Turkic 1770 AD 14 Cumania CumansCumbric Indo European 1100s AD 15 Cumbria CumbriansCuronian Indo European 1500s AD 16 Courland CuroniansDacian Indo European 500s AD 17 Dacia DaciansDalmatian Indo European 10 June 1898 AD 18 Dalmatia DalmataeDardanian Indo European data missing Kingdom of Dardania DardaniDeeside Gaelic Indo European 18 March 1984 AD 19 Aberdeenshire Gaels of AberdeenshireEast Galindian Indo European data missing Protva basin Eastern GalindiansEastern Navarrese Language isolate 1991 AD 20 Navarre BasquesElymian Indo European data missing Western Sicily ElymiansErsh Northeast Caucasian data missing Caucasus ErEteocretan Unclassified data missing Crete EteocretansEteocypriot Unclassified 300s BC 21 Cyprus EteocypriotsEtruscan Tyrsenian 0s AD 22 Etruria EtruscansFaliscan Indo European data missing Northern Lazio FalisciFingallian Indo European data missing Fingal FingalliansGallaecian Indo European data missing Gallaecia GallaeciGalwegian Gaelic Indo European data missing Galloway Galwegian GaelsGaulish Indo European 500s AD 23 Gaul GaulsGothic Indo European 1700s AD 24 Throughout Europe GothsHernican Indo European 1000s BC 25 Southeast Latium HerniciHunnic Unclassified data missing Hunnic Empire HunsIazychie Indo European 1900s AD 26 Halychyna Bukovina Zakarpattia Ukrainian and Carpatho Rusyn MoskvophilesIberian Unclassified 0s AD 27 Iberia IberiansIllyrian Indo European 100s AD 28 Illyria IllyriansJassic Indo European data missing Jaszsag JaszJudaeo Aragonese Indo European data missing Aragon Aragonese JewsJudaeo Piedmontese Indo European data missing Piedmont Piedmontese JewsJudaeo Portuguese Indo European 1800s AD 29 Portugal Portuguese JewsJudaeo Provencal Indo European 3 November 1977 AD 30 Provence Provencal JewsKainuu Sami Uralic data missing Kainuu Kainuu SamiKemi Sami Uralic data missing Southern Finnish Lapland Kemi SamiKhazar Turkic data missing Khazar Khaganate KhazarsKilit Indo European data missing Kilit Talysh of KilitKlezmer loshn Indo European data missing Eastern Europe KlezmorimKnaanic Indo European data missing Central Europe West Slavic JewsKrevinian Uralic 1800s AD 31 Latvia VotiansLaiuse Romani Mixed Romani Estonian 1940s AD 32 Laiuse Romani of LaiuseLanuvian Indo European data missing Lanuvium LanuviansLeinster Irish Indo European data missing Leinster Irish of LeinsterLemnian Tyrsenian 400s BC 33 Lemnos LemniansLepontic Indo European 0s BC 34 Cisalpine Gaul and Raetia LepontiiLiburnian Indo European data missing Liburnia LiburniansLigurian Unclassified 100s AD 35 Liguria LiguresLocrian Greek Indo European data missing Locris LocriansLombardic Indo European 800s AD 36 Pannonia and Italy LombardsLusitanian Indo European 100s AD 37 Lusitania LusitaniansMarsian Indo European 150s BC 38 Marsica MarsiMarrucinian Indo European data missing Chieti MarruciniMerya Uralic data missing Upper Volga region MeryansMeshchera Uralic data missing Meshchera Lowlands MeshcheraMessapic Indo European 100s BC 39 Salento MessapiansMinoan Unclassified 1450s BC 40 Crete MinoansMoselle Romance Indo European 1000s AD 41 The Moselle People along the MoselleMuromian Uralic 900s AD 42 Oka basin MuromiansNoric Indo European 100s AD 43 Noricum NoriciNorn Indo European 1850 AD 44 Northern Isles and Caithness Norse settlement of Northern Isles and CaithnessNorth Picene Unclassified data missing North Picenum North PicentesNorthern Manx Indo European 1940s AD 45 Northern part of the Isle of Man Northern ManxOld Novgorod Indo European 1500s AD 46 Novgorod Republic NovgorodiansOld Prussian Indo European 1700s AD 47 Prussia Old PrussiansOrkhon Turkic Turkic 1200s AD 48 Eastern Europe GokturksOscan Indo European 0s AD 49 Campania and Latium adiectum OsciOttoman Turkish Turkic 1950s AD 50 Ottoman Empire Ottoman TurksPaelignian Indo European data missing Valle Peligna PaeligniPaeonian Indo European data missing Paeonia PaeoniansPaleo Corsican Unclassified data missing Corsica Ancient CorsiPaleo Sardinian Unclassified data missing Sardinia Nuragic peoplesPamphylian Greek Indo European data missing Pamphylia PamphyliansPannonian Romance Indo European data missing Pannonia Latin PannoniansPecheneg Turkic data missing Eastern Europe PechenegsPelasgian Unclassified data missing Aegean Islands PelasgiansPhrygian Indo European 100 AD 51 Balkans BrygesPictish Indo European 1000s AD 52 Northern Scotland PictsPolabian Indo European 3 October 1756 AD 53 Northeastern Germany Polabian SlavsPraenestinian Indo European data missing Palestrina PraenestiniansPre Samnite Indo European data missing Campania Pre SamnitesPunic Afro Asiatic 500s AD 54 Malta Balearic Islands western Sicily and southern and eastern Sardinia CarthaginiansRhaetic Tyrsenian data missing Raetia RaetiRotvaelsk Indo European 1900s AD 55 Denmark NatmaendsfolkRussenorsk Russian Norwegian pidgin 1900s AD 56 Northern Norway Pomors and NorwegiansSabine Indo European 300s 200s BC 57 Sabina SabinesSelonian Indo European data missing Selonia SeloniansSemigallian Indo European 1500s AD 58 Semigallia SemigalliansShirvani Arabic Afroasiatic data missing Shirvan ShirvaniSicanian Unclassified data missing Central Sicily SicaniSiculian Indo European 300s BC 59 Eastern Sicily SicelsSidicini Indo European data missing Sidicinum SidiciniSkalvian Indo European data missing Scalovia SkalviansSlovincian Indo European 1900s AD 60 Northwestern Kashubia SlovinciansSolombala English English Russian pidgin data missing Solombala Shipyard English and Russian tradersSorophatic Indo European 100s AD citation needed Catalan Countries Sorophatic peopleSouth Picene Indo European 300s BC 61 South Picenum South PicentesSudovian Indo European data missing Yotvingia YotvingiansSuebian Indo European data missing Elbe basin and northwestern Iberia SuebiTartessian Unclassified 400s BC 62 Tartessos TartessiansThracian Indo European 500s AD 63 Thracia ThraciansUbykh Northwest Caucasian 7 October 1992 AD 64 Ubykhia UbykhUmbrian Indo European data missing Umbria UmbriVandalic Indo European 500s AD 65 Vandal kingdoms VandalsVenetic Indo European 0s BC 66 Veneto Adriatic VenetiVestinian Indo European 100s BC 67 Abruzzo VestiniVolscian Indo European 200s BC 68 Volscia VolsciWest Galindian Indo European data missing Northeastern Poland Western GalindiansYola Indo European 1800s AD 69 Forth and Bargy Irish of Forth and BargyZarphatic Indo European 1300s AD 70 Northern France and west central Germany French JewsSee also edit nbsp Europe portal nbsp Language portalLists of extinct languages List of endangered languages in EuropeReferences edit Aequian MultiTree LINGUIST List Archived from the original on 9 March 2015 Retrieved 4 September 2023 5th to 3rd centuries BC Nordisk samekonvensjon Nordic Sami Convention PDF in Norwegian 26 October 2005 Archived from the original PDF on 11 April 2007 Retrieved 4 September 2023 Ancient Macedonian Archived from the original on 22 November 2013 Retrieved 30 January 2024 Versteegh Kees 2006 Eid Mushira ed Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics Brill Mozarabic language at the Encyclopaedia Britannica xno 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