The ancient people of Etruria[2] are identified as Etruscans. Their complex culture[3] centered on numerous city-states that arose during the Villanovan period in the ninth century BC, and they were very powerful during the OrientalizingArchaic periods.
The Etruscans were a dominant culture in Italy by 650 BC,[4] surpassing other ancient Italic peoples such as the Ligures. Their influence may be seen beyond Etruria's confines in the Po River Valley and Latium, as well as in Campania and through their contact with the Greek colonies in Southern Italy (including Sicily). Indeed, at some Etruscan tombs, such as those of the Tumulus di Montefortini at Comeana (see Carmignano) in Tuscany, physical evidence of trade with Egypt has been found by archaeologists—fine Egyptian faience cups are an example. Such trade occurred either directly with Egypt or through intermediaries such as Greek or Phoenician sailors.
Rome was influenced strongly by the Etruscans even though it was separated from the early boundary of Etruria by the Silva Ciminia, the Ciminian Forest. A series of Etruscan kings ruled Rome until 509 BC when the last Etruscan king, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, was removed from power and the Roman Republic was established.[5] The Etruscans are credited with influencing Roman architecture and ritual practice; it was under the Etruscan kings that important structures such as the Capitolium, Cloaca Maxima, and Via Sacra were realized.
The Etruscan civilization had a great influence on the culture of early Republican Rome, some of what later became the most symbolic traditions of the city. It also included the introduction of new foods, the Latin alphabet, the architecture, and engineering elements.[6]
Territorial subdivision of Etruriaedit
Etruria usually is divided into two main territories, called Northern Etruria and Southern Etruria, to which must be added the northernmost territories are called Etruria Padana, and the southernmost territories are called Etruria Campana.
Etruria (proper)
Northern Etruria - much of modern Tuscany, from the Arno river to the north, the Apennines to the east, and the Albegna river to the south of Tuscany; furthermore, the Etruscan territories north to Perugia in modern Umbria
Southern Etruria - small portions of the most southern areas of Tuscany, all of northern and central Lazio to the gates of Rome
There was a period between 600 BC and 500 BC, during which twelve Etruscan city-states formed a loose confederation known as the Etruscan League. Etruscan was the official language for their meetings. When Etruria was conquered by the Roman Republic, Latin became the official language.
Roman Etruriaedit
In the Augustan organization of Roman Italy, Etruria was the name of a region (Regio VII). Its borders were the Tiber, the Tyrrhenian Sea, the Apuan Alps, and the Apennines. This is roughly coincident with those of Etruria before the Roman period that began in 509 BC.[7]
^Posth, Cosimo; et al. (2021). "The origin and legacy of the Etruscans through a 2000-year archeogenomic time transect". Science Advances. 7 (39): eabi7673. Bibcode:2021SciA....7.7673P. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abi7673. PMC8462907. PMID 34559560.
^Kindy, David, Where Did the Ancient Etruscans Come From?: A new DNA analysis suggests the enigmatic civilization was native to the Italian Peninsula, Smithsonian, September 29, 2021
^Rix, Helmut. "Etruscan." In The Ancient Languages of Europe, ed. Roger D. Woodard. Cambridge University Press, 2008, pp. 141–164.
^Cary, M.; Scullard, H. H., A History of Rome. Page 28. 3rd Ed. 1979. ISBN0-312-38395-9.
^Roma.Com, Redazione (2021-08-04). "L'influenza della civiltà etrusca sugli antichi Romani". Roma.Com (in Italian). Retrieved 2023-04-26.
^Baracca, M. (1970). Atlante Storico (in Latin). Novara: De Agostini. p. 15.
Bibliographyedit
Bonfante, Giuliano; Bonfante, Larissa (2003). The Etruscan Language: an Introduction. Manchester: Manchester U.P. ISBN0719055407.
Hall, John F., ed. (1996). Etruscan Italy: Etruscan Influences on the Civilizations of Italy from Antiquity to the Modern Era. Indiana University Press. ISBN9780842523349. Chronology of Etruscan Italy, [1].
"Etruria". Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana (in Italian). Treccani.it.
External linksedit
Look up etruria in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Cities and Cemeteries of Etruria, by George Dennis, an overview of Etruscan civilisation
"The Mysteries of Etruscan Cerveteri: A Walk Through an Ancient Civilization" . transferinrome.cab - 2023-06-30
February 16, 2024
etruria, this, article, about, ancient, region, italy, other, uses, disambiguation, tyrrhenia, redirects, here, other, uses, tyrrhenia, disambiguation, tyrsenia, redirects, here, other, uses, tyrsenia, disambiguation, ʊər, troor, region, central, italy, delimi. This article is about the ancient region of Italy For other uses see Etruria disambiguation Tyrrhenia redirects here For other uses see Tyrrhenia disambiguation Tyrsenia redirects here For other uses see Tyrsenia disambiguation Etruria ɪ ˈ t r ʊer i e ih TROOR ee e was a region of Central Italy delimited by the rivers Arno and Tiber 1 an area that covered what is now most of Tuscany northern Lazio and north western Umbria Map showing Etruria and Etruscan colonies as of 750 BC and as expanded until 500 BC Contents 1 Etruscan Etruria 2 Territorial subdivision of Etruria 3 Cities of Etruria 4 Roman Etruria 5 Etruria in modern history 6 Further reading 7 See also 8 References 9 Bibliography 10 External linksEtruscan Etruria editThe ancient people of Etruria 2 are identified as Etruscans Their complex culture 3 centered on numerous city states that arose during the Villanovan period in the ninth century BC and they were very powerful during the Orientalizing Archaic periods The Etruscans were a dominant culture in Italy by 650 BC 4 surpassing other ancient Italic peoples such as the Ligures Their influence may be seen beyond Etruria s confines in the Po River Valley and Latium as well as in Campania and through their contact with the Greek colonies in Southern Italy including Sicily Indeed at some Etruscan tombs such as those of the Tumulus di Montefortini at Comeana see Carmignano in Tuscany physical evidence of trade with Egypt has been found by archaeologists fine Egyptian faience cups are an example Such trade occurred either directly with Egypt or through intermediaries such as Greek or Phoenician sailors Rome was influenced strongly by the Etruscans even though it was separated from the early boundary of Etruria by the Silva Ciminia the Ciminian Forest A series of Etruscan kings ruled Rome until 509 BC when the last Etruscan king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus was removed from power and the Roman Republic was established 5 The Etruscans are credited with influencing Roman architecture and ritual practice it was under the Etruscan kings that important structures such as the Capitolium Cloaca Maxima and Via Sacra were realized The Etruscan civilization had a great influence on the culture of early Republican Rome some of what later became the most symbolic traditions of the city It also included the introduction of new foods the Latin alphabet the architecture and engineering elements 6 Territorial subdivision of Etruria editEtruria usually is divided into two main territories called Northern Etruria and Southern Etruria to which must be added the northernmost territories are called Etruria Padana and the southernmost territories are called Etruria Campana Etruria proper Northern Etruria much of modern Tuscany from the Arno river to the north the Apennines to the east and the Albegna river to the south of Tuscany furthermore the Etruscan territories north to Perugia in modern Umbria Southern Etruria small portions of the most southern areas of Tuscany all of northern and central Lazio to the gates of RomeEtruscan coloniesSee also Etruscan cities Etruria Padana and Etruscan cities Etruria Campana Etruria Padana Padanian Etruria territories in Emilia Romagna and in the southern extremity of Lombardy and Veneto in northern Italy Etruria Campana Campanian Etruria territories in southern Lazio and Campania in southern ItalyCities of Etruria edit nbsp Etruscan votive heads found in various sanctuaries throughout Etruria and dating from the fourth century BC through the second century BCMain article Etruscan cities Latin and Italian names are given between parentheses Arritim Arretium Arezzo Atria Adria Caisra Caere Cerveteri Clevsin Clusium Chiusi Curtun Cortonium Cortona Felathri Volaterrae Volterra Fufluna Populonium Populonia Parusia Perusia Perugia Tarchna Volscian Anxur Tarracina Terracina Tarchnal Tarquinii Tarquinia Veii Veii Veio Vetluna Vetulonium Vetulonia Vipsul Faesulae Fiesole Velch Vulci Volci Velzna Volsiniia Volsinii There was a period between 600 BC and 500 BC during which twelve Etruscan city states formed a loose confederation known as the Etruscan League Etruscan was the official language for their meetings When Etruria was conquered by the Roman Republic Latin became the official language Roman Etruria editIn the Augustan organization of Roman Italy Etruria was the name of a region Regio VII Its borders were the Tiber the Tyrrhenian Sea the Apuan Alps and the Apennines This is roughly coincident with those of Etruria before the Roman period that began in 509 BC 7 Etruria in modern history editThe Grand Duchy of Tuscany which existed 1569 1801 and 1814 1859 styled itself in Latin as Magnus Ducatus Etruriae Grand Duchy of Etruria The name Etruria also was applied to the Kingdom of Etruria an ephemeral client state of Napoleon I of France that replaced the Grand Duchy between 1801 and 1807 A particularly noteworthy work dealing with Etruscan locations is D H Lawrence s Sketches of Etruscan Places and Other Italian Essays Further reading editCoberly Daniel 2013 An Ancient and Modern History of Etruria Italian Heritage Press ISBN 978 0615819112 See also editPadanian Etruria Etruscan history Etruscan origins Etruscan cities Etruscan civilization Etruscan society Etruscan language Etruscan mythology Kingdom of Etruria TusciaReferences edit Treccani Posth Cosimo et al 2021 The origin and legacy of the Etruscans through a 2000 year archeogenomic time transect Science Advances 7 39 eabi7673 Bibcode 2021SciA 7 7673P doi 10 1126 sciadv abi7673 PMC 8462907 PMID 34559560 Kindy David Where Did the Ancient Etruscans Come From A new DNA analysis suggests the enigmatic civilization was native to the Italian Peninsula Smithsonian September 29 2021 Rix Helmut Etruscan In The Ancient Languages of Europe ed Roger D Woodard Cambridge University Press 2008 pp 141 164 Cary M Scullard H H A History of Rome Page 28 3rd Ed 1979 ISBN 0 312 38395 9 Roma Com Redazione 2021 08 04 L influenza della civilta etrusca sugli antichi Romani Roma Com in Italian Retrieved 2023 04 26 Baracca M 1970 Atlante Storico in Latin Novara De Agostini p 15 Bibliography editBonfante Giuliano Bonfante Larissa 2003 The Etruscan Language an Introduction Manchester Manchester U P ISBN 0719055407 Hall John F ed 1996 Etruscan Italy Etruscan Influences on the Civilizations of Italy from Antiquity to the Modern Era Indiana University Press ISBN 9780842523349 Chronology of Etruscan Italy 1 Etruria Istituto dell Enciclopedia Italiana in Italian Treccani it External links edit nbsp Look up etruria in Wiktionary the free dictionary Cities and Cemeteries of Etruria by George Dennis an overview of Etruscan civilisation Etruria Encyclopaedia Britannica 11th ed 1911 The Mysteries of Etruscan Cerveteri A Walk Through an Ancient Civilization transferinrome cab 2023 06 30 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Etruria amp oldid 1204386043, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
