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Approximate locations of the Elymians and their neighbors, the Sicani and the Sicels, in Sicily around 11th century BC (before the arrival of the Phoenicians and the Greeks).
According to Hellanicus of Lesbos, the Elymians were a population of Italic origin, who arrived in Sicily after having fought a war with the Oenotrians.[1] Furthermore for the Greek historian, the Elymians would also have contributed to the formation of the Sicels.[2] Today this thesis seems to be the most accredited and is confirmed by linguistic studies.[3]Elymian, a language for which a different affiliation has long been sought in the past, must also be attributed to this linguistic family (Indo-European); however, the ancient tradition according to which the Elymians came from Troy is corroborated by the linguistic data but today the most authoritative opinions see in Elymian an Italic language more or less similar to Latin.[4][5]
Greek historian Philistus refers to the presence of a people of Ligurian origin, although he does not identify it with the Elymians.[6] In modern times, historians such as Heinrich Nissen and Karl Julius Beloch investigated the possibilities of a Ligurian origin following the numerous common epigraphic and toponymic references, still found in the cities of Lerici, Segesta and Entella.[4]
Apart from mythological tales, there is little known about the identity and culture of the Elymians. They are indistinguishable from their Sicani neighbours in the archaeological record of the early Iron Age (c. 1100–c. 700 BC). Thereafter they appear to have adopted many aspects of the culture of the Greek colonists of Sicily, erecting the remarkable temple at Segesta and using the Greek alphabet to write their own language. As yet, no one has succeeded in deciphering the Elymian language.[4]
The archaeological excavations of the Elymian centers show clear affinities with Anatolian pottery, in particular from the Troas region.
Historyedit
The Elymians maintained friendly relations (and alliances) with Carthage but came into frequent conflict with the expansionist Greek colonies of western Sicily, especially Selinus. Boundary disputes with Selinus broke out into open warfare on several occasions after 580 BC. They sought to ally first with Athens against Selinus, provoking the disastrous Sicilian expedition of 415–413 BC. Following this failure they encouraged the Carthaginians to attack Selinus in 409 BC and succeeded in obtaining the destruction of their rivals.
However, they turned on Carthage during the First Punic War and allied with Rome instead. The Elymians were granted a privileged status under Roman rule and were exempted from taxes. This was said to have been in recognition of the Elymians' claim of Trojan ancestry, which was seen as making them cousins of the Roman people, who also claimed to have been descended from the Trojans. The Elymians appear to have largely disappeared from view under Roman rule, presumably becoming assimilated into the general Sicilian population.
Areas of settlementedit
Map of approximate area of Elymian settlement, showing major cities.
The Elymi shared western Sicily with the Sicani, the Phoenicians, and later the Greeks. Their three most important cities were Segesta, the political centre; Eryx (the modern Erice), a religious centre; and Entella. Other cities were Elima, Halyciae (referred to as Alicia in modern Italian sources), Iaitas, Hypana, and Drepanon.
^"Gli Elimi: storia e archeologia di Segesta, Erice, Entella". www.arkeomania.com. Retrieved 2021-12-26.
^Aloni, Antonio; Ornaghi, Massimiliano (2011). Tra panellenismo e tradizioni locali: nuovi contributi (in Italian). Claudio Meliadò. ISBN978-88-8268-029-9.
^"Elimo". lila.sns.it (in Italian). Retrieved 2021-12-26.
^ abc"ELIMI in "Enciclopedia Italiana"". www.treccani.it (in Italian). Retrieved 2021-12-26.
^Tribulato, Olga (2015). "Interferenza grafemica ed interferenza linguistica nella Sicilia antica" (PDF). Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, Italia.
^Braccesi, Lorenzo (1993). Hesperìa: studi sulla grecità di occidente (in Italian). L'ERMA di BRETSCHNEIDER. ISBN978-88-7062-809-8.
Sourcesedit
Giulia Falco: Elymoi. In: Der Neue Pauly (DNP) vol. 3, Metzler, Stuttgart 1997, ISBN3-476-01473-8, Sp. 1003.
Simona Marchesini: "The Elymian language"' in Olga Tribulato (ed..): Language and Linguistic Contact in Ancient Sicily. Cambridge University Press, 2012:95–114.
Further readingedit
Cohen-Skalli, Aude (2011). "Le témoignage de Diodore de Sicile sur deux cités élymes: Ségeste et Éryx (VIe et Ve siècles av. J.-C.)" [The evidence of Diodorus of Sicily on two Elymian cities: Segesta and Eryx (6th and 5th century BC)]. Dialogues d'histoire ancienne. Supplément n° 6: Diodore d’Agyrion et l’histoire de la Sicile: 137–153. doi:10.3406/dha.2011.3571.
External linksedit
Sicilian Peoples: The Elymians by Vincenzo Salerno [1]
February 15, 2024
elymians, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, january, 2022, le. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Elymians news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Polish April 2016 Click show for important translation instructions Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 1 410 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Polish Wikipedia article at pl Elymianie see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated pl Elymianie to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation The Elymians Latin Elymi were an ancient tribal people who inhabited the western part of Sicily during the Bronze Age and Classical antiquity Approximate locations of the Elymians and their neighbors the Sicani and the Sicels in Sicily around 11th century BC before the arrival of the Phoenicians and the Greeks Contents 1 Origins 2 History 3 Areas of settlement 4 See also 5 References 6 Sources 7 Further reading 8 External linksOrigins editAccording to Hellanicus of Lesbos the Elymians were a population of Italic origin who arrived in Sicily after having fought a war with the Oenotrians 1 Furthermore for the Greek historian the Elymians would also have contributed to the formation of the Sicels 2 Today this thesis seems to be the most accredited and is confirmed by linguistic studies 3 Elymian a language for which a different affiliation has long been sought in the past must also be attributed to this linguistic family Indo European however the ancient tradition according to which the Elymians came from Troy is corroborated by the linguistic data but today the most authoritative opinions see in Elymian an Italic language more or less similar to Latin 4 5 Greek historian Philistus refers to the presence of a people of Ligurian origin although he does not identify it with the Elymians 6 In modern times historians such as Heinrich Nissen and Karl Julius Beloch investigated the possibilities of a Ligurian origin following the numerous common epigraphic and toponymic references still found in the cities of Lerici Segesta and Entella 4 Apart from mythological tales there is little known about the identity and culture of the Elymians They are indistinguishable from their Sicani neighbours in the archaeological record of the early Iron Age c 1100 c 700 BC Thereafter they appear to have adopted many aspects of the culture of the Greek colonists of Sicily erecting the remarkable temple at Segesta and using the Greek alphabet to write their own language As yet no one has succeeded in deciphering the Elymian language 4 nbsp The Elymian temple at Segesta Sicily The archaeological excavations of the Elymian centers show clear affinities with Anatolian pottery in particular from the Troas region History editThe Elymians maintained friendly relations and alliances with Carthage but came into frequent conflict with the expansionist Greek colonies of western Sicily especially Selinus Boundary disputes with Selinus broke out into open warfare on several occasions after 580 BC They sought to ally first with Athens against Selinus provoking the disastrous Sicilian expedition of 415 413 BC Following this failure they encouraged the Carthaginians to attack Selinus in 409 BC and succeeded in obtaining the destruction of their rivals However they turned on Carthage during the First Punic War and allied with Rome instead The Elymians were granted a privileged status under Roman rule and were exempted from taxes This was said to have been in recognition of the Elymians claim of Trojan ancestry which was seen as making them cousins of the Roman people who also claimed to have been descended from the Trojans The Elymians appear to have largely disappeared from view under Roman rule presumably becoming assimilated into the general Sicilian population Areas of settlement edit nbsp Map of approximate area of Elymian settlement showing major cities The Elymi shared western Sicily with the Sicani the Phoenicians and later the Greeks Their three most important cities were Segesta the political centre Eryx the modern Erice a religious centre and Entella Other cities were Elima Halyciae referred to as Alicia in modern Italian sources Iaitas Hypana and Drepanon See also editAncient peoples of Italy Prehistoric Italy Monte PolizzoReferences edit Gli Elimi storia e archeologia di Segesta Erice Entella www arkeomania com Retrieved 2021 12 26 Aloni Antonio Ornaghi Massimiliano 2011 Tra panellenismo e tradizioni locali nuovi contributi in Italian Claudio Meliado ISBN 978 88 8268 029 9 Elimo lila sns it in Italian Retrieved 2021 12 26 a b c ELIMI in Enciclopedia Italiana www treccani it in Italian Retrieved 2021 12 26 Tribulato Olga 2015 Interferenza grafemica ed interferenza linguistica nella Sicilia antica PDF Universita Ca Foscari Venezia Italia Braccesi Lorenzo 1993 Hesperia studi sulla grecita di occidente in Italian L ERMA di BRETSCHNEIDER ISBN 978 88 7062 809 8 Sources editGiulia Falco Elymoi In Der Neue Pauly DNP vol 3 Metzler Stuttgart 1997 ISBN 3 476 01473 8 Sp 1003 Simona Marchesini The Elymian language in Olga Tribulato ed Language and Linguistic Contact in Ancient Sicily Cambridge University Press 2012 95 114 Further reading editCohen Skalli Aude 2011 Le temoignage de Diodore de Sicile sur deux cites elymes Segeste et Eryx VIe et Ve siecles av J C The evidence of Diodorus of Sicily on two Elymian cities Segesta and Eryx 6th and 5th century BC Dialogues d histoire ancienne Supplement n 6 Diodore d Agyrion et l histoire de la Sicile 137 153 doi 10 3406 dha 2011 3571 External links editSicilian Peoples The Elymians by Vincenzo Salerno 1 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Elymians amp oldid 1189816912, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
