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University of Texas at Austin

January 17, 2023

Not to be confused with University of Austin.
"University of Texas" redirects here. For the set of affiliated universities in the state, see University of Texas System.

Coordinates: 30°17′06″N 97°44′06″W / 30.285°N 97.735°W / 30.285; -97.735

The University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin, UT, or Texas) is a public research university in Austin, Texas. It was founded in 1883 and is the oldest institution in the University of Texas System. With 40,916 undergraduate students, 11,075 graduate students and 3,133 teaching faculty as of Fall 2021, it is also the largest institution in the system.[14] It is ranked among the top universities in the world by major college and university rankings, and admission to its programs is considered highly selective.

University of Texas at Austin
Former names
The University of Texas
(1881–1967)[1]
MottoDisciplina Praesidium Civitatis (Latin)
Motto in English
"Education is the Guardian of the State"[a][2]
TypePublic research university
EstablishedSeptember 15, 1883; 139 years ago (1883-09-15)
Parent institution
University of Texas System
AccreditationSACS
Academic affiliations
Endowment$42.9 billion (system-wide) (2021)[3]
Budget$3.1 billion (2018)[4]
PresidentJay Hartzell[5]
ProvostSharon L. Wood
Academic staff
3,133 (Fall 2021)[6]
Administrative staff
11,645 (2015)[7]
Students52,384 (Fall 2022)[8]
Undergraduates40,916 (Fall 2021)[9]
Postgraduates11,075 (Fall 2021)[10]
Location
Austin
,
Texas
,
United States
CampusLarge City,[11] 431 acres (1.74 km2)
NewspaperThe Daily Texan
ColorsBurnt orange and white[12]
   
NicknameLonghorns
Sporting affiliations
NCAA Division I FBS:
Mascot
Websitewww.utexas.edu

UT Austin is considered one of the United States's Public Ivies. The university is a major center for academic research, with research expenditures totaling $679.8 million for fiscal year 2018.[15][16] It joined the Association of American Universities in 1929. The university houses seven museums and seventeen libraries, including the LBJ Presidential Library and the Blanton Museum of Art, and operates various auxiliary research facilities, such as the J. J. Pickle Research Campus and the McDonald Observatory. As of November 2020, 13 Nobel Prize winners, 4 Pulitzer Prize winners, 2 Turing Award winners, 2 Fields Medal recipients, 2 Wolf Prize winners, and 2 Abel Prize prize winners have been affiliated with the school as alumni, faculty members, or researchers. The university has also been affiliated with 3 Primetime Emmy Award winners, and as of 2021 its students and alumni have earned a total of 155 Olympic medals.[17]

Student-athletes compete as the Texas Longhorns. The Longhorns have won four NCAA Division I National Football Championships, six NCAA Division I National Baseball Championships, thirteen NCAA Division I National Men's Swimming and Diving Championships, and the school has claimed more titles in men's and women's sports than any other member in the Big 12.

History

Main article: History of the University of Texas at Austin

Establishment

The first mention of a public university in Texas can be traced to the 1827 constitution for the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas. Although Title 6, Article 217 of the Constitution promised to establish public education in the arts and sciences,[18] no action was taken by the Mexican government. After Texas obtained its independence from Mexico in 1836, the Texas Congress adopted the Constitution of the Republic, which, under Section 5 of its General Provisions, stated "It shall be the duty of Congress, as soon as circumstances will permit, to provide, by law, a general system of education."[19]

On April 18, 1838, "An Act to Establish the University of Texas" was referred to a special committee of the Texas Congress, but was not reported back for further action.[20] On January 26, 1839, the Texas Congress agreed to set aside fifty leagues of land—approximately 288,000 acres (117,000 ha)—towards the establishment of a publicly funded university.[21] In addition, 40 acres (16 ha) in the new capital of Austin were reserved and designated "College Hill".[1] (The term "Forty Acres" is colloquially used to refer to the University as a whole. The original 40 acres is the area from Guadalupe to Speedway and 21st Street to 24th Street.[22])

In 1845, Texas was annexed into the United States. The state's Constitution of 1845 failed to mention higher education.[23] On February 11, 1858, the Seventh Texas Legislature approved O.B. 102, an act to establish the University of Texas, which set aside $100,000 in United States bonds toward construction of the state's first publicly funded university[24] (the $100,000 was an allocation from the $10 million the state received pursuant to the Compromise of 1850 and Texas's relinquishing claims to lands outside its present boundaries). The legislature also designated land reserved for the encouragement of railroad construction toward the university's endowment. On January 31, 1860, the state legislature, wanting to avoid raising taxes, passed an act authorizing the money set aside for the University of Texas to be used for frontier defense in west Texas to protect settlers from the alleged attacks of Native peoples.[25]

Texas's secession from the Union and the American Civil War delayed repayment of the borrowed monies. At the end of the Civil War in 1865, the University of Texas's endowment was just over $16,000 in warrants[26] and nothing substantive had been done to organize the university's operations. This effort to establish a University was again mandated by Article 7, Section 10 of the Texas Constitution of 1876 which directed the legislature to "establish, organize and provide for the maintenance, support and direction of a university of the first class, to be located by a vote of the people of this State, and styled "The University of Texas".[27]

Additionally, Article 7, Section 11 of the 1876 Constitution established the Permanent University Fund, a sovereign wealth fund managed by the Board of Regents of the University of Texas and dedicated to the maintenance of the university. Because some state legislators perceived an extravagance in the construction of academic buildings of other universities, Article 7, Section 14 of the Constitution expressly prohibited the legislature from using the state's general revenue to fund construction of university buildings. Funds for constructing university buildings had to come from the university's endowment or from private gifts to the university, but the university's operating expenses could come from the state's general revenues.

 
The university's Old Main building in 1903

The 1876 Constitution also revoked the endowment of the railroad lands of the Act of 1858, but dedicated 1,000,000 acres (400,000 ha) of land, along with other property appropriated for the university, to the Permanent University Fund. This was greatly to the detriment of the university as the lands the Constitution of 1876 granted the university represented less than 5% of the value of the lands granted to the university under the Act of 1858 (the lands close to the railroads were quite valuable, while the lands granted the university were in far west Texas, distant from sources of transportation and water).[28] The more valuable lands reverted to the fund to support general education in the state (the Special School Fund).

On April 10, 1883, the legislature supplemented the Permanent University Fund with another 1,000,000 acres (400,000 ha) of land in west Texas granted to the Texas and Pacific Railroad but returned to the state as seemingly too worthless to even survey.[29] The legislature additionally appropriated $256,272.57 to repay the funds taken from the university in 1860 to pay for frontier defense and for transfers to the state's General Fund in 1861 and 1862.[30] The 1883 grant of land increased the land in the Permanent University Fund to almost 2.2 million acres. Under the Act of 1858, the university was entitled to just over 1,000 acres (400 ha) of land for every mile of railroad built in the state. Had the 1876 Constitution not revoked the original 1858 grant of land, by 1883, the university lands would have totaled 3.2 million acres,[31] so the 1883 grant was to restore lands taken from the university by the 1876 Constitution, not an act of munificence.

On March 30, 1881, the legislature set forth the university's structure and organization and called for an election to establish its location.[32] By popular election on September 6, 1881,[33] Austin (with 30,913 votes) was chosen as the site. Galveston, having come in second in the election (with 20,741 votes), was designated the location of the medical department (Houston was third with 12,586 votes).[34] On November 17, 1882, on the original "College Hill," an official ceremony commemorated the laying of the cornerstone of the Old Main building. University President Ashbel Smith, presiding over the ceremony, prophetically proclaimed "Texas holds embedded in its earth rocks and minerals which now lie idle because unknown, resources of incalculable industrial utility, of wealth and power. Smite the earth, smite the rocks with the rod of knowledge and fountains of unstinted wealth will gush forth."[35] The University of Texas officially opened its doors on September 15, 1883.

Expansion and growth

In 1890, George Washington Brackenridge donated $18,000 for the construction of a three-story brick mess hall known as Brackenridge Hall (affectionately known as "B.Hall"), one of the university's most storied buildings and one that played an important place in university life until its demolition in 1952.[36]

The old Victorian-Gothic Main Building served as the central point of the campus's 40-acre (16 ha) site, and was used for nearly all purposes. But by the 1930s, discussions arose about the need for new library space, and the Main Building was razed in 1934 over the objections of many students and faculty. The modern-day tower and Main Building were constructed in its place.

In 1910, George Washington Brackenridge again displayed his philanthropy, this time donating 500 acres (200 ha) on the Colorado River to the university. A vote by the regents to move the campus to the donated land was met with outrage, and the land has only been used for auxiliary purposes such as graduate student housing. Part of the tract was sold in the late-1990s for luxury housing, and there are controversial proposals to sell the remainder of the tract. The Brackenridge Field Laboratory was established on 82 acres (33 ha) of the land in 1967.

 
UT Architecture Library

In 1916, Gov. James E. Ferguson became involved in a serious quarrel with the University of Texas. The controversy grew out of the board of regents' refusal to remove certain faculty members whom the governor found objectionable. When Ferguson found he could not have his way, he vetoed practically the entire appropriation for the university. Without sufficient funding, the university would have been forced to close its doors. In the middle of the controversy, Ferguson's critics brought to light a number of irregularities on the part of the governor. Eventually, the Texas House of Representatives prepared 21 charges against Ferguson, and the Senate convicted him on 10 of them, including misapplication of public funds and receiving $156,000 from an unnamed source. The Texas Senate removed Ferguson as governor and declared him ineligible to hold office.[37]

In 1921, the legislature appropriated $1.35 million for the purchase of land next to the main campus. However, expansion was hampered by the restriction against using state revenues to fund construction of university buildings as set forth in Article 7, Section 14 of the Constitution. With the completion of Santa Rita No. 1 well[38] and the discovery of oil on university-owned lands in 1923, the university added significantly to its Permanent University Fund. The additional income from Permanent University Fund investments allowed for bond issues in 1931 and 1947, which allowed the legislature to address funding for the university along with the Agricultural and Mechanical College (now known as Texas A&M University). With sufficient funds to finance construction on both campuses, on April 8, 1931, the Forty Second Legislature passed H.B. 368.[39] which dedicated the Agricultural and Mechanical College a 1/3 interest in the Available University Fund,[40] the annual income from Permanent University Fund investments.

The University of Texas was inducted into the Association of American Universities in 1929.[41] During World War II, the University of Texas was one of 131 colleges and universities nationally that took part in the V-12 Navy College Training Program which offered students a path to a Navy commission.[42]

After Brown v. Board of Education in 1954, Houston, Texas area teen Marion Ford had been accepted to become one of the first Black attendees. In an interview with a reporter he announced his desire to try-out for the famous Longhorn football team. The Ford Crisis would begin and all Black admissions at the time were rescinded until policy could be drawn up. [43]

In the fall of 1956, the first Black students entered the university's undergraduate class.[44] Black students were permitted to live in campus dorms, but were barred from campus cafeterias.[44] The University of Texas integrated its facilities and desegregated its dormitories in 1965.[45] UT, which had had an open admissions policy, adopted standardized testing for admissions in the mid-1950s, at least in part as a conscious strategy to minimize the number of Black undergraduates, given that they were no longer able to simply bar their entry after the Brown decision [46]

Following growth in enrollment after World War II, the university unveiled an ambitious master plan in 1960 designed for "10 years of growth" that was intended to "boost the University of Texas into the ranks of the top state universities in the nation."[47] In 1965, the Texas Legislature granted the university Board of Regents to use eminent domain to purchase additional properties surrounding the original 40 acres (160,000 m2). The university began buying parcels of land to the north, south, and east of the existing campus, particularly in the Blackland neighborhood to the east and the Brackenridge tract to the southeast, in hopes of using the land to relocate the university's intramural fields, baseball field, tennis courts, and parking lots.[47]

On March 6, 1967, the Sixtieth Texas Legislature changed the university's official name from "The University of Texas" to "The University of Texas at Austin" to reflect the growth of the University of Texas System.[48]

1966 shooting

 
The Tower, completed in 1937, stands 307 ft (94 m) tall and dons different colors of lighting on special occasions.
Main article: University of Texas tower shooting

On August 1, 1966, Texas student Charles Whitman barricaded the observation deck in the tower of the Main Building. Armed with multiple firearms, he killed 14 people on campus, 11 from the observation deck and below the clocks on the tower, and three more in the tower, as well as wounding two others inside the observation deck. The massacre ended when Whitman was shot and killed by police after they breached the tower.

After the Whitman event, the observation deck was closed until 1968 and then closed again in 1975 following a series of suicide jumps during the 1970s. In 1999, after installation of security fencing and other safety precautions, the tower observation deck reopened to the public. There is a turtle pond park near the tower dedicated to those affected by the tragedy.

Recent history

The first presidential library on a university campus was dedicated on May 22, 1971, with former President Johnson, Lady Bird Johnson and then-President Richard Nixon in attendance. Constructed on the eastern side of the main campus, the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum is one of 13 presidential libraries administered by the National Archives and Records Administration.

A statue of Martin Luther King Jr. was unveiled on campus in 1999 and subsequently vandalized.[49] By 2004, John Butler, a professor at the McCombs School of Business suggested moving it to Morehouse College, a historically black college, "a place where he is loved".[49]

The University of Texas at Austin has experienced a wave of new construction recently with several significant buildings. On April 30, 2006, the school opened the Blanton Museum of Art.[50] In August 2008, the AT&T Executive Education and Conference Center opened, with the hotel and conference center forming part of a new gateway to the university. Also in 2008, Darrell K Royal-Texas Memorial Stadium was expanded to a seating capacity of 100,119, making it the largest stadium (by capacity) in the state of Texas at the time.

On January 19, 2011, the university announced the creation of a 24-hour television network in partnership with ESPN, dubbed the Longhorn Network. ESPN agreed to pay a $300 million guaranteed rights fee over 20 years to the university and to IMG College, the school's multimedia rights partner. The network covers the university's intercollegiate athletics, music, cultural arts, and academics programs. The channel first aired in September 2011.[51][52]

In 2021, UT Austin leaders worked with Dan Patrick, Lieutenant General of Texas, and private donors to set up a Liberty Institute at the university. In 2022, Patrick said that the Liberty Institute was created to restrict teaching about critical race theory. Patrick's remarks sparked concerns about academic freedom and freedom of thought on campus.[53]

The University's Division of Diversity and Community Engagement operates the University of Texas-University Charter School, a charter school system with 23 campuses across Texas.

Campus

See also: List of University of Texas at Austin buildings

The university's property totals 1,438.5 acres (582.1 ha), comprising the 423.5 acres (171.4 ha) for the Main Campus in central Austin and the J. J. Pickle Research Campus in north Austin and the other properties throughout Texas. The main campus has 150 buildings totaling over 18,000,000 square feet (1,700,000 m2).

One of the University's most visible features is the Beaux-Arts Main Building, including a 307-foot (94 m) tower designed by Paul Philippe Cret.[54] Completed in 1937, the Main Building is in the middle of campus. The tower usually appears illuminated in white light in the evening but is lit burnt orange for various special occasions, including athletic victories and academic accomplishments; conversely, it is darkened for solemn occasions.[55] At the top of the tower is a carillon of 56 bells, the largest in Texas. Songs are played on weekdays by student carillonneurs,[56] in addition to the usual pealing of Westminster Quarters every quarter-hour between 6 a.m. and 9 p.m.[57] In 1998, after the installation of security and safety measures, the observation deck reopened to the public indefinitely for weekend tours.[58]

The university's seven museums and seventeen libraries hold over nine million volumes, making it the seventh-largest academic library in the country.[59] The holdings of the university's Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center include one of only 21 remaining complete copies of the Gutenberg Bible and the first permanent photograph, View from the Window at Le Gras, taken by Nicéphore Niépce.[60] The newest museum, the 155,000-square-foot (14,400 m2) Blanton Museum of Art, is the largest university art museum in the United States and hosts approximately 17,000 works from Europe, the United States, and Latin America.[61][62] The Perry–Castañeda Library, which houses the central University Libraries operations and the Perry–Castañeda Library Map Collection, is at the heart of campus. The Benson Latin American Collection holds the largest collection of Latin American materials among US university libraries,[63] and maintains substantial digital collections.[64]

The University of Texas at Austin has an extensive tunnel system that links the buildings on campus. Constructed circa 1928 under the supervision of UT engineering professor Carl J. Eckhardt Jr., then head of the physical plant, the tunnels have grown along with the campus.[65] They measure approximately six miles in length.[66][dead link][67] The tunnel system is used for communications and utility service. It is closed to the public and guarded by silent alarms. Since the late 1940s, the university has generated its own electricity. Today its natural gas cogeneration plant has a capacity of 123 MW. The university also operates a TRIGA nuclear reactor at the J. J. Pickle Research Campus.[68][69]

The university continues to expand its facilities on campus. In 2010, the university opened the state-of-the-art Norman Hackerman building (on the site of the former Experimental Sciences Building) housing chemistry and biology research and teaching laboratories. In 2010, the university broke ground on the $120 million Bill & Melinda Gates Computer Science Complex and Dell Computer Science Hall and the $51 million Belo Center for New Media, both of which are now complete.[70][71] The new LEED gold-certified, 110,000-square-foot (10,000 m2) Student Activity Center (SAC) opened in January 2011, housing study rooms, lounges and food vendors. The SAC was constructed as a result of a student referendum passed in 2006 which raised student fees by $65 per semester.[72] In 2012, the Moody Foundation awarded the College of Communication $50 million, the largest endowment any communication college has received, so naming it the Moody College of Communication.

The university operates two public radio stations, KUT with news and information, and KUTX with music, via local FM broadcasts as well as live streaming audio over the Internet. The university uses Capital Metro to provide bus transportation for students around the campus on the UT Shuttle system and throughout Austin.

Organization and administration

 
Battle Hall, also known as "The Old Library," was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.

The university contains eighteen colleges and schools and one academic unit, each listed with its founding date:[73]

Academics

 
Student Union Building

The University of Texas at Austin offers more than 100 undergraduate and 170 graduate degrees. In the 2009–2010 academic year, the university awarded a total of 13,215 degrees: 67.7% bachelor's degrees, 22.0% master's degrees, 6.4% doctoral degrees, and 3.9% Professional degrees.[74]

In addition, the university has nine highly selective honors programs, eight of which span a variety of academic fields: Liberal Arts Honors, the Business Honors Program, the Turing Scholars Program in Computer Science, Engineering Honors, the Dean's Scholars Program in Natural Sciences, the Health Science Scholars Program in Natural Sciences, the Polymathic Scholars Program in Natural Sciences, and the Undergraduate Nursing Honors Program in School of Nursing. The ninth is the Plan II Honors Program, a rigorous interdisciplinary program that is a major in and of itself.[75] Many Plan II students pursue a second major, often participating in another department's honors program in addition to Plan II.[76] The university also offers programs such as the Freshman Research Initiative and Texas Interdisciplinary Plan.[77]

Admission

Undergraduate

Admissions statistics
2021 entering
class[78]Change vs.
2016[79]
Admit rate28.8
(  −11.6)
Yield rate47.7
(  +2.2)
Test scores middle 50%
SAT Total1230-1480
(among 56% of FTFs)
ACT Composite29-34
(among 26% of FTFs)

The University of Texas at Austin encourages applicants to submit SAT/ACT scores, but it is not required.[80] As of 2011, the university was one of the most selective universities in the region. Relative to other universities in the state of Texas, UT Austin was second to Rice University in selectivity according to a Business Journal study weighing acceptance rates and the mid-range of the SAT and ACT. The University of Texas at Austin was ranked as the 18th most selective in the South.[81]

As a state public university, UT Austin was subject to Texas House Bill 588, which guaranteed Texas high school seniors graduating in the top 10% of their class admission to any public Texas university. A new state law granting UT Austin (but no other state university) a partial exemption from the top 10% rule, Senate Bill 175, was passed by the 81st Legislature in 2009. It modified this admissions policy by limiting automatically admitted freshmen to 75% of the entering in-state freshman class, starting in 2011. The university will admit the top one percent, the top two percent and so forth until the cap is reached; the university currently admits the top 6 percent.[82] Furthermore, students admitted under Texas House Bill 588 are not guaranteed their choice of college or major, but rather only guaranteed admission to the university as a whole. Many colleges, such as the Cockrell School of Engineering, have secondary requirements that must be met for admission.[83]

For others who go through the traditional application process, selectivity is deemed "more selective" according to the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching and by U.S. News & World Report.[84][85] For Fall 2017, 51,033 applied and 18,620 were accepted (36.5%), and of those accepted, 45.2% enrolled.[86] Among freshman students who enrolled in Fall 2017, SAT scores for the middle 50% ranged from 570 to 690 for critical reading and 600–710 for math.[86] ACT composite scores for the middle 50% ranged from 26 to 31.[86] In terms of class rank, 74.4% of enrolled freshmen were in the top 10% of their high school classes and 91.7% ranked in the top quarter.[86] For Fall 2019, 53,525 undergraduate students applied, 17,029 undergraduate students were admitted, and 8,170 undergraduate students enrolled in the university full or part time making the enrollment rate 31.8% overall.[87] In the 2020–2021 academic year, 79 freshman students were National Merit Scholars.[88]

Fall First-Time Freshman Statistics [78][89][90][91][92][79]
2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016
Applicants 66,043 57,241 53,525 50,575 51,033 47,511
Admits 18,989 18,291 17,029 19,482 18,620 19,182
Admit rate 28.8 32.0 31.8 38.5 36.5 40.4
Enrolled 9,060 8,459 8,170 8,960 8,381 8,719
Yield rate 47.7 46.2 48.0 46.0 45.0 45.5
ACT composite*
(out of 36) 		29-34
(26%†)		 26-33
(47%†)		 27-33
(54%†)		 27-33
(56%†)		 26-33
(65%†)		 26-32
(64%†)
SAT composite*
(out of 1600) 		1230-1480
(56%†)		 1220-1450
(79%†)		 1240-1470
(79%†)		 1230-1480
(78%†)		 1230-1460
(73%†)		 —
* middle 50% range
† percentage of first-time freshmen who chose to submit

Rankings

The University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin) was ranked tied for 38th among all universities in the U.S., and tied for 10th place among public universities according to U.S. News & World Report's 2022 rankings.[101] Internationally, UT Austin was ranked 34th in the 2020 "Best Global Universities" ranking by U.S. News & World Report, 45th in the world by Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) in 2019, 39th worldwide by Times Higher Education World University Rankings (2019), and 65th globally by QS World University Rankings (2020). UT Austin was also ranked 31st in the world by the Center for World University Rankings (CWUR).[102]

The University of Texas at Austin is considered to be a "Public Ivy"—a public university that provides an Ivy League collegiate experience at a public school price, having been ranked in virtually every list of "Public Ivies" since Richard Moll coined the term in his 1985 book Public Ivies: A Guide to America's best public undergraduate colleges and universities. The seven other "Public Ivy" universities, according to Moll, were the College of William & Mary, Miami University, the University of California, the University of Michigan, the University of North Carolina, the University of Vermont, and the University of Virginia.[103]

In its 2016 edition of college rankings, U.S. News & World Report ranked the Accounting and Latin American History programs as the top in the nation and more than 50 other science, humanities, and professional programs rank in the top 25 nationally.[101] The College of Pharmacy is listed as the third-best in the nation and The School of Information (iSchool) is sixth-best in Library and Information Sciences.[101] Among other rankings, the School of Social Work is 7th, the Jackson School of Geosciences is 8th for Earth Sciences, the Cockrell School of Engineering is tied for 10th-best (with the undergraduate engineering program tied for 11th-best in the country), the Nursing School is tied for 13th, the University of Texas School of Law is 15th, the Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs is 7th, and the McCombs School of Business is tied for 16th-best (with the undergraduate business program tied for 5th-best in the country).[101]

The University of Texas School of Architecture was ranked second among national undergraduate programs in 2012.[104]

A 2005 Bloomberg survey ranked the school 5th among all business schools and first among public business schools for the largest number of alumni who are S&P 500 CEOs.[105] Similarly, a 2005 USA Today report ranked the university as "the number one source of new Fortune 1000 CEOs".[106] A "payback" analysis published by SmartMoney in 2011 comparing graduates' salaries to tuition costs concluded the school was the second-best value of all colleges in the nation, behind only Georgia Tech.[107] A 2013 College Database study found that UT Austin was 22nd in the nation in terms of increased lifetime earnings by graduates.[108]

Research

 
The Engineering Education and Research Center (EERC), a multidisciplinary teaching and research facility for the Cockrell School of Engineering.

UT Austin is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity."[85] For the 2014–2015 cycle, the university was awarded over $580 million in sponsored projects,[109][110] and has earned more than 300 patents since 2003.[111] The University of Texas at Austin houses the Office of Technology Commercialization, a technology transfer center which serves as the bridge between laboratory research and commercial development. In 2009, the university created nine new start-up companies to commercialize technology developed at the university and has created 46 start-ups in the past seven years. License agreements generated $10.9 million in revenue for the university in 2009.[111]

Research at UT Austin is largely focused in the engineering and physical sciences,[112] and the university is a world-leading research institution in fields such as computer science.[113] Energy is a major research thrust, with federally funded projects on biofuels,[114] battery and solar cell technology, and geological carbon dioxide storage,[115] water purification membranes, among others. In 2009, the University of Texas founded the Energy Institute, led by former Under Secretary for Science Raymond L. Orbach, to organize and advance multi-disciplinary energy research.[116] In addition to its own medical school, it houses medical programs associated with other campuses and allied health professional programs, as well as major research programs in pharmacy, biomedical engineering, neuroscience, and others.

In 2010, the University of Texas at Austin opened the $100 million Dell Pediatric Research Institute to increase medical research at the university and establish a medical research complex, and associated medical school, in Austin.[117][118]

The university operates several major auxiliary research centers. The world's third-largest telescope, the Hobby–Eberly Telescope, and three other large telescopes are part of the university's McDonald Observatory, 450 miles (720 km) west of Austin.[119][120] The university manages nearly 300 acres (120 ha) of biological field laboratories, including the Brackenridge Field Laboratory in Austin. The Center for Agile Technology focuses on software development challenges.[121] The J.J. Pickle Research Campus (PRC) is home to the Texas Advanced Computing Center which operates a series of supercomputers, such as Ranger (from 2008 to 2013 [122]), Stampede (2013–2017 [123]), Stampede2 (since 2017 [124]), and Frontera (since 2019).[125] The Pickle campus also hosts the Microelectronics Research Center which houses micro- and nanoelectronics research and features a 15,000 square foot (1,400 m2) cleanroom for device fabrication.

Founded in 1946, the university's Applied Research Laboratories at the PRC has developed or tested the vast majority of the Navy's high-frequency sonar equipment. In 2007, the Navy granted it a research contract funded up to $928 million over ten years.[126][127] The Institute for Advanced Technology, founded in 1990 and located in the West Pickle Research Building, supports the U.S. Army with basic and applied research in several fields.

The Center for Transportation Research is a nationally recognized research institution focusing on transportation research, education, and public service. Established in 1963 as the Center for Highway Research, its projects address virtually all aspects of transportation, including economics, multimodal systems, traffic congestion relief, transportation policy, materials, structures, transit, environmental impacts, driver behavior, land use, geometric design, accessibility, and pavements.[128]

In 2013, the University of Texas at Austin announced the naming of the O'Donnell Building for Applied Computational Engineering and Sciences. The O'Donnell Foundation of Dallas, headed by Peter O'Donnell and his wife, Edith Jones O'Donnell, has given more than $135 million to the university between 1983 and 2013. University president William C. Powers declared the O'Donnells "among the greatest supporters of the University of Texas in its 130-year history. Their transformative generosity is based on the belief in our power to change society for the better."[129] In 2008, O'Donnell pledged $18 million to finance the hiring of university faculty members undertaking research in mathematics, computers, and multiple scientific disciplines; his pledge was matched by W. A. "Tex" Moncrief Jr., an oilman and philanthropist from Fort Worth.[130]

The University of Texas at Austin Marine Science Institute is located on the Gulf coast in Port Aransas. Established in 1941, UTMSI was the first permanent marine research facility in the state of Texas and has since contributed significantly to our understanding of marine ecosystems. Research at the Marine Science Institute ranges from locally-important work on mariculture and estuarine ecosystems to the investigation of global issues in marine science, from the Arctic to the tropics.

Endowment

 
The Norman Hackerman Building
Main article: Permanent University Fund

The University of Texas System is entitled to at least 30% of the distributions from the Permanent University Fund (PUF), with over $33 billion in assets as of year-end 2021.[131][132] The University of Texas System gets two-thirds of the Available University Fund (the name of the annual distribution of PUF's income), and the Texas A&M University System gets the other third. A regental policy[133] requires at least 45 percent of UT System's share of this money go to the University of Texas at Austin for "program enrichment". By taking two-thirds and multiplying it by 45 percent, UT gets 30 percent, which is the minimum amount of AUF income that can be distributed to the school under current policies. The Regents, however, can decide to allocate additional amounts to the university. Also, the majority of the University of Texas system share of the AUF is used for its debt service bonds, some of which were issued for the benefit of the Austin campus.[134] The Regents can change the 45 percent minimum of the University of Texas System share to goes to the Austin campus at any time, although doing so might be difficult politically.

Proceeds from lands appropriated in 1839 and 1876, as well as oil monies, comprise the majority of PUF. At one time, the PUF was the chief source of income for Texas' two university systems, the University of Texas System and the Texas A&M University System; today, however, its revenues account for less than 10 percent of the universities' annual budgets. This has challenged the universities to increase sponsored research and private donations. Privately funded endowments contribute over $2 billion to the university's total endowment.

The University of Texas System also has about $22 billion of assets in its General Endowment Fund.[135]

Student life

Student body composition as of May 2, 2022
Race and ethnicity[136] Total
White 37% 37
 
Hispanic 26% 26
 
Asian 23% 23
 
Other[b] 5% 5
 
Black 6% 6
 
Foreign national 4% 4
 
Economic diversity
Low-income[c] 23% 23
 
Affluent[d] 77% 77
 

Student profile

For Fall 2011, the university enrolled 38,437 undergraduate, 11,497 graduate and 1,178 law students.[137] Out-of-state and international students comprised 9.1% of the undergraduate student body and 20.1% of the total student body, with students from all 50 states and more than 120 foreign countries—most notably, the Republic of Korea, followed by the People's Republic of China, India, Mexico, and Taiwan.[138] For Fall 2015, the undergraduate student body was 48.9% male and 51.1% female.[137] The three largest undergraduate majors in 2009 were Biological Sciences, Unspecified Business, and Psychology, while the three largest graduate majors were Business Administration (MBA), Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Pharmacy (PharmD).[138]

Residential life

The campus has fourteen residence halls, the newest of which opened in Spring 2007. On-campus housing can hold more than 7,100 students.[139] Jester Center is the largest residence hall with its capacity of 2,945.[140] Academic enrollment exceeds the on-campus housing capacity; as a result, most students must live in private residence halls, housing cooperatives, apartments, or with Greek organizations and other off-campus residences. University Housing and Dining, which already has the largest market share of 7,000 of the estimated 27,000 beds in the campus area, plans to expand to 9,000 beds.[141]

Student organizations

The university recognizes more than 1,300 student organizations.[142][143] In addition, it supports three official student governance organizations that represent student interests to faculty, administrators, and the Texas Legislature. Student Government, established in 1902, is the oldest governance organization and represents student interests in general.[144] The Senate of College Councils represents students in academic affairs and coordinates the college councils,[145] and the Graduate Student Assembly represents graduate student interests.[146] The University Unions Student Events Center serves as the hub for student activities on campus.[147] The Friar Society serves as the oldest honor society at the university and recognizes students who have made significant contributions to the school.[148] Texas Orange Jackets, founded in 1923, is the oldest women's honorary service organization on campus and empowers young women leaders to serve the campus and community. The Texas Blazers, an honorary service organization, act as official hosts of the university. Texas 4000 for Cancer is another student organization, which also doubles as an Austin-based nonprofit, that hosts a 4,500-mile bike ride from Austin, Texas to Anchorage, Alaska, thus far raising over $5 million for cancer research and patient support services since its inception in 2004.[149]

Greek life

See also: List of fraternities and sororities at University of Texas at Austin

The University of Texas at Austin is home to an active Greek community. Approximately 14 percent of undergraduate students are in fraternities or sororities.[150] With more than 65 national chapters, the university's Greek community is one of the nation's largest.[150] These chapters are under the authority of one of the school's six Greek council communities, Interfraternity Council, National Pan-Hellenic Council, Texas Asian Pan-Hellenic Council, Latino Pan-Hellenic Council, Multicultural Greek Council and University Panhellenic Council.[151] Other registered student organizations also name themselves with Greek letters and are called affiliates. They are not a part of one of the six councils but have all of the same privileges and responsibilities of any other organization.[152] Most Greek houses are west of the Drag in the West Campus neighborhood.

Media

See also: Texas Student Media

Students express their opinions in and out of class through periodicals including Study Breaks magazine, Longhorn Life, The Daily Texan (the most award-winning daily college newspaper in the United States),[153] and the Texas Travesty. Over the airwaves students' voices are heard through Texas Student Television (K29HW-D) and KVRX Radio.

The Computer Writing and Research Lab of the university's Department of Rhetoric and Writing also hosts the Blogora, a blog for "connecting rhetoric, rhetorical methods and theories, and rhetoricians with public life" by the Rhetoric Society of America.[154]

Traditions

 
The "Silver Spurs" with the university's mascot, Bevo

Traditions at the University of Texas are perpetuated through several school symbols and mediums. At athletic events, students frequently sing "Texas Fight", the university's fight song[155] while displaying the Hook 'em Horns hand gesture[156]—the gesture mimicking the horns of the school's mascot, Bevo the Texas Longhorn.

Athletics

Main article: Texas Longhorns

The University of Texas offers a wide variety of varsity and intramural sports programs.

On June 12, 2020, UT student-athletes banded together with their #WeAreOne statement on Twitter. Among the list of changes included: renaming certain campus buildings, replacing statues, starting outreach programs, and replacing "The Eyes of Texas." UT Interim President Jay Hartzell released a statement on July 13, 2020, announcing the changes to be implemented in light of these demands from UT student-athletes. Hartzell said the university would make a multi-million dollar investment to programs that recruit, retain and support Black students; rename the Robert L. Moore Building as the Physics, Math and Astronomy Building; honor Heman M. Sweatt in numerous ways, including placing a statue of Sweatt near the entrance of  T.S. Painter Hall; honor the Precursors, the first Black undergraduates to attend the University of Texas at Austin, by commissioning a new monument on the East Mall; erect a statue for Julius Whittier, the Longhorns’ first Black football letterman, at DKR-Texas Memorial Stadium; and more. However, one of the most controversial topics on the list – replacing "The Eyes of Texas" as UT's alma mater – remained untouched.[157]

  • Further information: Horns Illustrated, print and digital university athletics publication.

Varsity sports

 
Texas Longhorns football playing against Oklahoma in the 2007 Red River Rivalry

The university's men's and women's athletics teams are nicknamed the Longhorns. Texas has won 50 total national championships,[158] 42 of which are NCAA national championships.[159]

The football team experienced its greatest success under coach Darrell Royal, winning three national championships in 1963, 1969, and 1970. It won a fourth title under head coach Mack Brown in 2005 after a 41–38 victory over previously undefeated Southern California in the 2006 Rose Bowl.

The University's baseball team has made more trips to the College World Series (35) than any other school, and won championships in 1949, 1950, 1975, 1983, 2002, and 2005.[160]

Additionally, the university's men's and women's swimming and diving teams lay claim to sixteen NCAA Division I titles, with the men's team having 13 of those titles, more than any other Division 1 team.[161] The swim team was first developed under Coach Tex Robertson.[162]

Notable people

Faculty

Main article: List of University of Texas at Austin faculty

In the Fall of 2016, the school employed 3,128 full-time faculty members, with a student-to-faculty ratio of 18.86 to 1. These include[163][164] winners of the Nobel Prize, the Pulitzer Prize, the National Medal of Science, the National Medal of Technology, the Turing Award, the Primetime Emmy Award, and other various awards.[165] Nine Nobel Laureates are or have been affiliated with the University of Texas at Austin. Research expenditures for the university exceeded $679.8 million in fiscal year 2018.[15][16]

 
Brené Brown, Clinical Social Worker and Researcher

Alumni

Main article: List of University of Texas at Austin alumni

Texas Exes is the official University of Texas alumni organization. The Alcalde, founded in 1913 and pronounced "all-call-day," is the university's alumni magazine.

At least 15 graduates have served in the U.S. Senate or U.S. House of Representatives, including Lloyd Bentsen '42, who served in both Houses.[166] Presidential cabinet members include former U.S. Secretaries of State Rex Tillerson '75, and James Baker '57,[167] former U.S. Secretary of Education William J. Bennett, and former U.S. Secretary of Commerce Donald Evans '73. Former First Lady Laura Bush '73 and daughter Jenna '04 both graduated from Texas,[168] as well as former First Lady Lady Bird Johnson '33 & '34 and her eldest daughter Lynda. In foreign governments, the university has been represented by Fernando Belaúnde Terry '36 (42nd President of Peru) and by Abdullah al-Tariki (co-founder of OPEC). Additionally, the Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority, Salam Fayyad, graduated from the university with a PhD in economics. Tom C. Clark, J.D. '22, served as United States Attorney General from 1945 to 1949 and as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1949 to 1967.

Alumni in academia include the 26th President of The College of William & Mary Gene Nichol '76, the 10th President of Boston University Robert A. Brown '73 & '75,[169] and the 8th President of the University of Southern California John R. Hubbard. The university also graduated Alan Bean '55, the fourth man to walk on the Moon. Additionally, alumni who have served as business leaders include Secretary of State and former ExxonMobil Corporation CEO Rex Tillerson '75, Dell founder and CEO Michael Dell, and Gary C. Kelly, Southwest Airlines's CEO.

In literature and journalism, the school boasts 20 Pulitzer Prizes to 18 former students,[170] including Gail Caldwell and Ben Sargent '70. Walter Cronkite, the former CBS Evening News anchor once called the most trusted man in America, attended the University of Texas at Austin, as did CNN anchor Betty Nguyen '95. Alumnus J. M. Coetzee also received the 2003 Nobel Prize in Literature. Novelist Raymond Benson ('78) was the official author of James Bond novels between 1996 and 2002, the only American to be commissioned to pen them. Donna Alvermann, a distinguished research professor at the University of Georgia, Department of Education also graduated from the University of Texas, as did Wallace Clift ('49) and Jean Dalby Clift ('50, J.D. '52), authors of several books in the fields of psychology of religion and spiritual growth. Notable alumni authors also include Kovid Gupta ('2010), author of several bestselling books, Ruth Cowan Nash ('23), America's first woman war correspondent, and Alireza Jafarzadeh, author of "The Iran Threat: President Ahmadinejad and the Coming Nuclear Crisis" and television commentator ('82, MS). Although expelled from the university, former student and The Daily Texan writer John Patric went on to become a noted writer for National Geographic, Reader's Digest, and author of 1940s best-seller Why Japan was Strong.[171]

University of Texas at Austin alumni also include 112 Fulbright Scholars,[172] 31 Rhodes Scholars,[172] 28 Truman Scholars,[173] 23 Marshall Scholars,[172] and nine astronauts.[174]

Several musicians and entertainers attended the university. Janis Joplin, the American singer posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame who received a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award, attended the university,[175] as did February 1955 Playboy Playmate of the Month and Golden Globe recipient Jayne Mansfield.[176] Composer Harold Morris is a 1910 graduate. Noted film director, cinematographer, writer, and editor Robert Rodriguez is a Longhorn, as are actors Eli Wallach and Matthew McConaughey, the latter of which now teaches a class at the university.[177] Rodriguez dropped out of the university after two years to pursue his career in Hollywood, but completed his degree from the Radio-Television-Film department on May 23, 2009. Rodriguez also gave the keynote address at the university-wide commencement ceremony. Radio-Television-Film alumni Mark Dennis and Ben Foster took their award-winning feature film, Strings, to the American film festival circuit in 2011. Web and television actress Felicia Day and film actress Renée Zellweger attended the university. Day graduated with degrees in music performance (violin) and mathematics, while Zellweger graduated with a BA in English. Writer and recording artist Phillip Sandifer graduated with a degree in History. Michael "Burnie" Burns is an actor, writer, film director and film producer who graduated with a degree in Computer Science.[178] He, along with graduate Matt Hullum,[178] also founded the Austin-based production company Rooster Teeth, that produces many hit shows, including the award-winning Internet series, Red vs. Blue. Farrah Fawcett, one of the original Charlie's Angels, left after her junior year to pursue a modeling career. Actor Owen Wilson and writer/director Wes Anderson attended the university, where they wrote Bottle Rocket together, which became Anderson's first feature film. Writer and producer Charles Olivier is a Longhorn. So too are filmmakers and actors Mark Duplass and his brother Jay Duplass, key contributors to the mumblecore film genre. Another notable writer, Rob Thomas graduated with a BA in History in 1987 and later wrote the young adult novel Rats Saw God and created the series Veronica Mars. Illustrator, writer and alum Felicia Bond[179] is best known for her illustrations in the If You Give... children's books series, starting with If You Give a Mouse a Cookie. Taiwanese singer-songwriter, producer, actress Cindy Yen (birth name Cindy Wu) graduated with double degrees in Music (piano performance) and Broadcast Journalism in 2008. Noted composer and arranger Jack Cooper received his D.M.A. in 1999 from the University of Texas at Austin in composition and has gone on to teach in higher education and become known internationally through the music publishing industry. Actor Trevante Rhodes competed as a sprinter for the Longhorns and graduated with a BS in Applied Learning and Development in 2012. In 2016, he starred as Chiron in the Academy Award- and Golden Globe-winning film Moonlight.

Many alumni have found success in professional sports. Legendary pro football coach Tom Landry '49 attended the university as an industrial engineering major but interrupted his education after a semester to serve in the United States Army Air Corps during World War II. Following the war, he returned to the university and played fullback and defensive back on the Longhorns' bowl-game winners on New Year's Day of 1948 and 1949. Seven-time Cy Young Award-winner Roger Clemens entered the MLB after helping the Longhorns win the 1983 College World Series.[180] NBA MVP and four-time scoring champion Kevin Durant entered the 2007 NBA Draft and was selected second overall behind Greg Oden, after sweeping National Player of the Year honors, becoming the first freshman to win any of the awards. After becoming the first freshman in school history to lead Texas in scoring and being named the Big 12 Freshman of the Year, Daniel Gibson entered the 2006 NBA draft and was selected in the second round by the Cleveland Cavaliers. In his one year at Texas, golfer Jordan Spieth led the University of Texas Golf club to the NCAA Men's Golf Championship in 2012 and went on to win The Masters Tournament three years after leaving the university.[181] Several Olympic medalists have also attended the school, including 2008 Summer Olympics athletes Ian Crocker '05 (swimming world record holder and two-time Olympic gold medalist) and 4 × 400 m relay defending Olympic gold medalist Sanya Richards '06.[182][183] Mary Lou Retton (the first female gymnast outside Eastern Europe to win the Olympic all-around title, five-time Olympic medalist, and 1984 Sports Illustrated Sportswoman of the Year) also attended the university.[184] Garrett Weber-Gale, a two-time Olympic gold medalist, and world record-holder in two events, was a swimmer for the school. Also an alumnus is Dr. Robert Cade, the inventor of the sports drink Gatorade. In big, global philanthropy, the university is honored by Darren Walker, president of Ford Foundation.

Other notable alumni include prominent businessman Red McCombs, Diane Pamela Wood, the first female chief judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit, astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson, chemist Donna J. Nelson, and neuroscientist Tara Spires-Jones. Also an alumnus is Admiral William H. McRaven, credited for organizing and executing Operation Neptune's Spear, the special ops raid that led to the death of Osama bin Laden.[185] Oveta Culp Hobby, the first woman to earn the rank of a colonel in the United States Army, first commanding officer and director of the Women's Army Corps, first secretary of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare attended the university as well.

Keene Prize for Literature

See also: Sophie Kerr Prize

The Keene Prize for Literature is a student literary award given by the university. With a prize of $50,000, it claims to be "one of the world's largest student literary prizes".[186] An additional $50,000 is split between three finalists. The purpose of the award is to "help maintain the university's status as a premier location for emerging writers", and to recognize the winners and their works.[186] The prize was established in 2006, in the College of Liberal Arts. It is named after E. L. Keene, a 1942 graduate of the university.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Disciplina Praesidium Civitatis is a Latinization of the quotation by Mirabeau Lamar that "The cultivated mind is the guardian genius of democracy."
  2. ^ Other consists of Multiracial Americans & those who prefer to not say.
  3. ^ The percentage of students who received an income-based federal Pell grant intended for low-income students.
  4. ^ The percentage of students who are a part of the American middle class at the bare minimum.

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January 17, 2023
university, texas, austin, confused, with, university, austin, university, texas, redirects, here, affiliated, universities, state, university, texas, system, coordinates, austin, texas, public, research, university, austin, texas, founded, 1883, oldest, insti. Not to be confused with University of Austin University of Texas redirects here For the set of affiliated universities in the state see University of Texas System Coordinates 30 17 06 N 97 44 06 W 30 285 N 97 735 W 30 285 97 735 The University of Texas at Austin UT Austin UT or Texas is a public research university in Austin Texas It was founded in 1883 and is the oldest institution in the University of Texas System With 40 916 undergraduate students 11 075 graduate students and 3 133 teaching faculty as of Fall 2021 it is also the largest institution in the system 14 It is ranked among the top universities in the world by major college and university rankings and admission to its programs is considered highly selective University of Texas at AustinFormer namesThe University of Texas 1881 1967 1 MottoDisciplina Praesidium Civitatis Latin Motto in English Education is the Guardian of the State a 2 TypePublic research universityEstablishedSeptember 15 1883 139 years ago 1883 09 15 Parent institutionUniversity of Texas SystemAccreditationSACSAcademic affiliationsAAUURAORAUSpace grantEndowment 42 9 billion system wide 2021 3 Budget 3 1 billion 2018 4 PresidentJay Hartzell 5 ProvostSharon L WoodAcademic staff3 133 Fall 2021 6 Administrative staff11 645 2015 7 Students52 384 Fall 2022 8 Undergraduates40 916 Fall 2021 9 Postgraduates11 075 Fall 2021 10 LocationAustin Texas United StatesCampusLarge City 11 431 acres 1 74 km2 NewspaperThe Daily TexanColorsBurnt orange and white 12 NicknameLonghornsSporting affiliationsNCAA Division I FBS Big 12 through June 30 2025 SEC as of July 1 2025 13 MascotBevoHook emWebsitewww wbr utexas wbr eduUT Austin is considered one of the United States s Public Ivies The university is a major center for academic research with research expenditures totaling 679 8 million for fiscal year 2018 15 16 It joined the Association of American Universities in 1929 The university houses seven museums and seventeen libraries including the LBJ Presidential Library and the Blanton Museum of Art and operates various auxiliary research facilities such as the J J Pickle Research Campus and the McDonald Observatory As of November 2020 13 Nobel Prize winners 4 Pulitzer Prize winners 2 Turing Award winners 2 Fields Medal recipients 2 Wolf Prize winners and 2 Abel Prize prize winners have been affiliated with the school as alumni faculty members or researchers The university has also been affiliated with 3 Primetime Emmy Award winners and as of 2021 its students and alumni have earned a total of 155 Olympic medals 17 Student athletes compete as the Texas Longhorns The Longhorns have won four NCAA Division I National Football Championships six NCAA Division I National Baseball Championships thirteen NCAA Division I National Men s Swimming and Diving Championships and the school has claimed more titles in men s and women s sports than any other member in the Big 12 Contents 1 History 1 1 Establishment 1 2 Expansion and growth 1 3 1966 shooting 1 4 Recent history 2 Campus 3 Organization and administration 4 Academics 4 1 Admission 4 1 1 Undergraduate 4 2 Rankings 5 Research 5 1 Endowment 6 Student life 6 1 Student profile 6 2 Residential life 6 3 Student organizations 6 4 Greek life 6 5 Media 6 6 Traditions 7 Athletics 7 1 Varsity sports 8 Notable people 8 1 Faculty 8 2 Alumni 9 Keene Prize for Literature 10 See also 11 Notes 12 References 13 External linksHistory EditMain article History of the University of Texas at Austin Establishment Edit The first mention of a public university in Texas can be traced to the 1827 constitution for the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas Although Title 6 Article 217 of the Constitution promised to establish public education in the arts and sciences 18 no action was taken by the Mexican government After Texas obtained its independence from Mexico in 1836 the Texas Congress adopted the Constitution of the Republic which under Section 5 of its General Provisions stated It shall be the duty of Congress as soon as circumstances will permit to provide by law a general system of education 19 On April 18 1838 An Act to Establish the University of Texas was referred to a special committee of the Texas Congress but was not reported back for further action 20 On January 26 1839 the Texas Congress agreed to set aside fifty leagues of land approximately 288 000 acres 117 000 ha towards the establishment of a publicly funded university 21 In addition 40 acres 16 ha in the new capital of Austin were reserved and designated College Hill 1 The term Forty Acres is colloquially used to refer to the University as a whole The original 40 acres is the area from Guadalupe to Speedway and 21st Street to 24th Street 22 In 1845 Texas was annexed into the United States The state s Constitution of 1845 failed to mention higher education 23 On February 11 1858 the Seventh Texas Legislature approved O B 102 an act to establish the University of Texas which set aside 100 000 in United States bonds toward construction of the state s first publicly funded university 24 the 100 000 was an allocation from the 10 million the state received pursuant to the Compromise of 1850 and Texas s relinquishing claims to lands outside its present boundaries The legislature also designated land reserved for the encouragement of railroad construction toward the university s endowment On January 31 1860 the state legislature wanting to avoid raising taxes passed an act authorizing the money set aside for the University of Texas to be used for frontier defense in west Texas to protect settlers from the alleged attacks of Native peoples 25 Texas s secession from the Union and the American Civil War delayed repayment of the borrowed monies At the end of the Civil War in 1865 the University of Texas s endowment was just over 16 000 in warrants 26 and nothing substantive had been done to organize the university s operations This effort to establish a University was again mandated by Article 7 Section 10 of the Texas Constitution of 1876 which directed the legislature to establish organize and provide for the maintenance support and direction of a university of the first class to be located by a vote of the people of this State and styled The University of Texas 27 Additionally Article 7 Section 11 of the 1876 Constitution established the Permanent University Fund a sovereign wealth fund managed by the Board of Regents of the University of Texas and dedicated to the maintenance of the university Because some state legislators perceived an extravagance in the construction of academic buildings of other universities Article 7 Section 14 of the Constitution expressly prohibited the legislature from using the state s general revenue to fund construction of university buildings Funds for constructing university buildings had to come from the university s endowment or from private gifts to the university but the university s operating expenses could come from the state s general revenues The university s Old Main building in 1903 The 1876 Constitution also revoked the endowment of the railroad lands of the Act of 1858 but dedicated 1 000 000 acres 400 000 ha of land along with other property appropriated for the university to the Permanent University Fund This was greatly to the detriment of the university as the lands the Constitution of 1876 granted the university represented less than 5 of the value of the lands granted to the university under the Act of 1858 the lands close to the railroads were quite valuable while the lands granted the university were in far west Texas distant from sources of transportation and water 28 The more valuable lands reverted to the fund to support general education in the state the Special School Fund On April 10 1883 the legislature supplemented the Permanent University Fund with another 1 000 000 acres 400 000 ha of land in west Texas granted to the Texas and Pacific Railroad but returned to the state as seemingly too worthless to even survey 29 The legislature additionally appropriated 256 272 57 to repay the funds taken from the university in 1860 to pay for frontier defense and for transfers to the state s General Fund in 1861 and 1862 30 The 1883 grant of land increased the land in the Permanent University Fund to almost 2 2 million acres Under the Act of 1858 the university was entitled to just over 1 000 acres 400 ha of land for every mile of railroad built in the state Had the 1876 Constitution not revoked the original 1858 grant of land by 1883 the university lands would have totaled 3 2 million acres 31 so the 1883 grant was to restore lands taken from the university by the 1876 Constitution not an act of munificence On March 30 1881 the legislature set forth the university s structure and organization and called for an election to establish its location 32 By popular election on September 6 1881 33 Austin with 30 913 votes was chosen as the site Galveston having come in second in the election with 20 741 votes was designated the location of the medical department Houston was third with 12 586 votes 34 On November 17 1882 on the original College Hill an official ceremony commemorated the laying of the cornerstone of the Old Main building University President Ashbel Smith presiding over the ceremony prophetically proclaimed Texas holds embedded in its earth rocks and minerals which now lie idle because unknown resources of incalculable industrial utility of wealth and power Smite the earth smite the rocks with the rod of knowledge and fountains of unstinted wealth will gush forth 35 The University of Texas officially opened its doors on September 15 1883 Expansion and growth Edit In 1890 George Washington Brackenridge donated 18 000 for the construction of a three story brick mess hall known as Brackenridge Hall affectionately known as B Hall one of the university s most storied buildings and one that played an important place in university life until its demolition in 1952 36 The old Victorian Gothic Main Building served as the central point of the campus s 40 acre 16 ha site and was used for nearly all purposes But by the 1930s discussions arose about the need for new library space and the Main Building was razed in 1934 over the objections of many students and faculty The modern day tower and Main Building were constructed in its place In 1910 George Washington Brackenridge again displayed his philanthropy this time donating 500 acres 200 ha on the Colorado River to the university A vote by the regents to move the campus to the donated land was met with outrage and the land has only been used for auxiliary purposes such as graduate student housing Part of the tract was sold in the late 1990s for luxury housing and there are controversial proposals to sell the remainder of the tract The Brackenridge Field Laboratory was established on 82 acres 33 ha of the land in 1967 UT Architecture Library In 1916 Gov James E Ferguson became involved in a serious quarrel with the University of Texas The controversy grew out of the board of regents refusal to remove certain faculty members whom the governor found objectionable When Ferguson found he could not have his way he vetoed practically the entire appropriation for the university Without sufficient funding the university would have been forced to close its doors In the middle of the controversy Ferguson s critics brought to light a number of irregularities on the part of the governor Eventually the Texas House of Representatives prepared 21 charges against Ferguson and the Senate convicted him on 10 of them including misapplication of public funds and receiving 156 000 from an unnamed source The Texas Senate removed Ferguson as governor and declared him ineligible to hold office 37 In 1921 the legislature appropriated 1 35 million for the purchase of land next to the main campus However expansion was hampered by the restriction against using state revenues to fund construction of university buildings as set forth in Article 7 Section 14 of the Constitution With the completion of Santa Rita No 1 well 38 and the discovery of oil on university owned lands in 1923 the university added significantly to its Permanent University Fund The additional income from Permanent University Fund investments allowed for bond issues in 1931 and 1947 which allowed the legislature to address funding for the university along with the Agricultural and Mechanical College now known as Texas A amp M University With sufficient funds to finance construction on both campuses on April 8 1931 the Forty Second Legislature passed H B 368 39 which dedicated the Agricultural and Mechanical College a 1 3 interest in the Available University Fund 40 the annual income from Permanent University Fund investments The University of Texas was inducted into the Association of American Universities in 1929 41 During World War II the University of Texas was one of 131 colleges and universities nationally that took part in the V 12 Navy College Training Program which offered students a path to a Navy commission 42 After Brown v Board of Education in 1954 Houston Texas area teen Marion Ford had been accepted to become one of the first Black attendees In an interview with a reporter he announced his desire to try out for the famous Longhorn football team The Ford Crisis would begin and all Black admissions at the time were rescinded until policy could be drawn up 43 In the fall of 1956 the first Black students entered the university s undergraduate class 44 Black students were permitted to live in campus dorms but were barred from campus cafeterias 44 The University of Texas integrated its facilities and desegregated its dormitories in 1965 45 UT which had had an open admissions policy adopted standardized testing for admissions in the mid 1950s at least in part as a conscious strategy to minimize the number of Black undergraduates given that they were no longer able to simply bar their entry after the Brown decision 46 Following growth in enrollment after World War II the university unveiled an ambitious master plan in 1960 designed for 10 years of growth that was intended to boost the University of Texas into the ranks of the top state universities in the nation 47 In 1965 the Texas Legislature granted the university Board of Regents to use eminent domain to purchase additional properties surrounding the original 40 acres 160 000 m2 The university began buying parcels of land to the north south and east of the existing campus particularly in the Blackland neighborhood to the east and the Brackenridge tract to the southeast in hopes of using the land to relocate the university s intramural fields baseball field tennis courts and parking lots 47 On March 6 1967 the Sixtieth Texas Legislature changed the university s official name from The University of Texas to The University of Texas at Austin to reflect the growth of the University of Texas System 48 1966 shooting Edit The Tower completed in 1937 stands 307 ft 94 m tall and dons different colors of lighting on special occasions Main article University of Texas tower shooting On August 1 1966 Texas student Charles Whitman barricaded the observation deck in the tower of the Main Building Armed with multiple firearms he killed 14 people on campus 11 from the observation deck and below the clocks on the tower and three more in the tower as well as wounding two others inside the observation deck The massacre ended when Whitman was shot and killed by police after they breached the tower After the Whitman event the observation deck was closed until 1968 and then closed again in 1975 following a series of suicide jumps during the 1970s In 1999 after installation of security fencing and other safety precautions the tower observation deck reopened to the public There is a turtle pond park near the tower dedicated to those affected by the tragedy Recent history Edit The first presidential library on a university campus was dedicated on May 22 1971 with former President Johnson Lady Bird Johnson and then President Richard Nixon in attendance Constructed on the eastern side of the main campus the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum is one of 13 presidential libraries administered by the National Archives and Records Administration A statue of Martin Luther King Jr was unveiled on campus in 1999 and subsequently vandalized 49 By 2004 John Butler a professor at the McCombs School of Business suggested moving it to Morehouse College a historically black college a place where he is loved 49 The University of Texas at Austin has experienced a wave of new construction recently with several significant buildings On April 30 2006 the school opened the Blanton Museum of Art 50 In August 2008 the AT amp T Executive Education and Conference Center opened with the hotel and conference center forming part of a new gateway to the university Also in 2008 Darrell K Royal Texas Memorial Stadium was expanded to a seating capacity of 100 119 making it the largest stadium by capacity in the state of Texas at the time On January 19 2011 the university announced the creation of a 24 hour television network in partnership with ESPN dubbed the Longhorn Network ESPN agreed to pay a 300 million guaranteed rights fee over 20 years to the university and to IMG College the school s multimedia rights partner The network covers the university s intercollegiate athletics music cultural arts and academics programs The channel first aired in September 2011 51 52 In 2021 UT Austin leaders worked with Dan Patrick Lieutenant General of Texas and private donors to set up a Liberty Institute at the university In 2022 Patrick said that the Liberty Institute was created to restrict teaching about critical race theory Patrick s remarks sparked concerns about academic freedom and freedom of thought on campus 53 The University s Division of Diversity and Community Engagement operates the University of Texas University Charter School a charter school system with 23 campuses across Texas Campus EditSee also List of University of Texas at Austin buildings The university s property totals 1 438 5 acres 582 1 ha comprising the 423 5 acres 171 4 ha for the Main Campus in central Austin and the J J Pickle Research Campus in north Austin and the other properties throughout Texas The main campus has 150 buildings totaling over 18 000 000 square feet 1 700 000 m2 Interior lobby of the Lyndon B Johnson Presidential Library and Museum One of the University s most visible features is the Beaux Arts Main Building including a 307 foot 94 m tower designed by Paul Philippe Cret 54 Completed in 1937 the Main Building is in the middle of campus The tower usually appears illuminated in white light in the evening but is lit burnt orange for various special occasions including athletic victories and academic accomplishments conversely it is darkened for solemn occasions 55 At the top of the tower is a carillon of 56 bells the largest in Texas Songs are played on weekdays by student carillonneurs 56 in addition to the usual pealing of Westminster Quarters every quarter hour between 6 a m and 9 p m 57 In 1998 after the installation of security and safety measures the observation deck reopened to the public indefinitely for weekend tours 58 The university s seven museums and seventeen libraries hold over nine million volumes making it the seventh largest academic library in the country 59 The holdings of the university s Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center include one of only 21 remaining complete copies of the Gutenberg Bible and the first permanent photograph View from the Window at Le Gras taken by Nicephore Niepce 60 The newest museum the 155 000 square foot 14 400 m2 Blanton Museum of Art is the largest university art museum in the United States and hosts approximately 17 000 works from Europe the United States and Latin America 61 62 The Perry Castaneda Library which houses the central University Libraries operations and the Perry Castaneda Library Map Collection is at the heart of campus The Benson Latin American Collection holds the largest collection of Latin American materials among US university libraries 63 and maintains substantial digital collections 64 The University of Texas at Austin has an extensive tunnel system that links the buildings on campus Constructed circa 1928 under the supervision of UT engineering professor Carl J Eckhardt Jr then head of the physical plant the tunnels have grown along with the campus 65 They measure approximately six miles in length 66 dead link 67 The tunnel system is used for communications and utility service It is closed to the public and guarded by silent alarms Since the late 1940s the university has generated its own electricity Today its natural gas cogeneration plant has a capacity of 123 MW The university also operates a TRIGA nuclear reactor at the J J Pickle Research Campus 68 69 The university continues to expand its facilities on campus In 2010 the university opened the state of the art Norman Hackerman building on the site of the former Experimental Sciences Building housing chemistry and biology research and teaching laboratories In 2010 the university broke ground on the 120 million Bill amp Melinda Gates Computer Science Complex and Dell Computer Science Hall and the 51 million Belo Center for New Media both of which are now complete 70 71 The new LEED gold certified 110 000 square foot 10 000 m2 Student Activity Center SAC opened in January 2011 housing study rooms lounges and food vendors The SAC was constructed as a result of a student referendum passed in 2006 which raised student fees by 65 per semester 72 In 2012 the Moody Foundation awarded the College of Communication 50 million the largest endowment any communication college has received so naming it the Moody College of Communication The university operates two public radio stations KUT with news and information and KUTX with music via local FM broadcasts as well as live streaming audio over the Internet The university uses Capital Metro to provide bus transportation for students around the campus on the UT Shuttle system and throughout Austin Organization and administration Edit Battle Hall also known as The Old Library was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970 The university contains eighteen colleges and schools and one academic unit each listed with its founding date 73 Cockrell School of Engineering 1894 Dell Medical School 2013 College of Education 1905 College of Fine Arts 1938 College of Liberal Arts 1883 College of Natural Sciences 1883 College of Pharmacy 1893 in Galveston moved to Austin 1927 Continuing Education 1909 Graduate Studies 1910 Jackson School of Geosciences 2005 LBJ School of Public Affairs 1970 McCombs School of Business 1922 Moody College of Communication 1965 School of Architecture 1948 School of Information 1948 School of Law 1883 School of Nursing 1976 School of Undergraduate Studies 2008 Steve Hicks School of Social Work 1950 Academics Edit Student Union Building The University of Texas at Austin offers more than 100 undergraduate and 170 graduate degrees In the 2009 2010 academic year the university awarded a total of 13 215 degrees 67 7 bachelor s degrees 22 0 master s degrees 6 4 doctoral degrees and 3 9 Professional degrees 74 In addition the university has nine highly selective honors programs eight of which span a variety of academic fields Liberal Arts Honors the Business Honors Program the Turing Scholars Program in Computer Science Engineering Honors the Dean s Scholars Program in Natural Sciences the Health Science Scholars Program in Natural Sciences the Polymathic Scholars Program in Natural Sciences and the Undergraduate Nursing Honors Program in School of Nursing The ninth is the Plan II Honors Program a rigorous interdisciplinary program that is a major in and of itself 75 Many Plan II students pursue a second major often participating in another department s honors program in addition to Plan II 76 The university also offers programs such as the Freshman Research Initiative and Texas Interdisciplinary Plan 77 Admission Edit Undergraduate Edit Admissions statistics2021 enteringclass 78 Change vs 2016 79 Admit rate28 8 11 6 Yield rate47 7 2 2 Test scores middle 50 SAT Total1230 1480 among 56 of FTFs ACT Composite29 34 among 26 of FTFs The University of Texas at Austin encourages applicants to submit SAT ACT scores but it is not required 80 As of 2011 the university was one of the most selective universities in the region Relative to other universities in the state of Texas UT Austin was second to Rice University in selectivity according to a Business Journal study weighing acceptance rates and the mid range of the SAT and ACT The University of Texas at Austin was ranked as the 18th most selective in the South 81 As a state public university UT Austin was subject to Texas House Bill 588 which guaranteed Texas high school seniors graduating in the top 10 of their class admission to any public Texas university A new state law granting UT Austin but no other state university a partial exemption from the top 10 rule Senate Bill 175 was passed by the 81st Legislature in 2009 It modified this admissions policy by limiting automatically admitted freshmen to 75 of the entering in state freshman class starting in 2011 The university will admit the top one percent the top two percent and so forth until the cap is reached the university currently admits the top 6 percent 82 Furthermore students admitted under Texas House Bill 588 are not guaranteed their choice of college or major but rather only guaranteed admission to the university as a whole Many colleges such as the Cockrell School of Engineering have secondary requirements that must be met for admission 83 For others who go through the traditional application process selectivity is deemed more selective according to the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching and by U S News amp World Report 84 85 For Fall 2017 51 033 applied and 18 620 were accepted 36 5 and of those accepted 45 2 enrolled 86 Among freshman students who enrolled in Fall 2017 SAT scores for the middle 50 ranged from 570 to 690 for critical reading and 600 710 for math 86 ACT composite scores for the middle 50 ranged from 26 to 31 86 In terms of class rank 74 4 of enrolled freshmen were in the top 10 of their high school classes and 91 7 ranked in the top quarter 86 For Fall 2019 53 525 undergraduate students applied 17 029 undergraduate students were admitted and 8 170 undergraduate students enrolled in the university full or part time making the enrollment rate 31 8 overall 87 In the 2020 2021 academic year 79 freshman students were National Merit Scholars 88 Fall First Time Freshman Statistics 78 89 90 91 92 79 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016Applicants 66 043 57 241 53 525 50 575 51 033 47 511Admits 18 989 18 291 17 029 19 482 18 620 19 182Admit rate 28 8 32 0 31 8 38 5 36 5 40 4Enrolled 9 060 8 459 8 170 8 960 8 381 8 719Yield rate 47 7 46 2 48 0 46 0 45 0 45 5ACT composite out of 36 29 34 26 26 33 47 27 33 54 27 33 56 26 33 65 26 32 64 SAT composite out of 1600 1230 1480 56 1220 1450 79 1240 1470 79 1230 1480 78 1230 1460 73 middle 50 range percentage of first time freshmen who chose to submit Rankings Edit Academic rankingsNationalForbes 93 43THE WSJ 94 60U S News amp World Report 95 38Washington Monthly 96 40GlobalARWU 97 37QS 98 72THE 99 50U S News amp World Report 100 43The University of Texas at Austin UT Austin was ranked tied for 38th among all universities in the U S and tied for 10th place among public universities according to U S News amp World Report s 2022 rankings 101 Internationally UT Austin was ranked 34th in the 2020 Best Global Universities ranking by U S News amp World Report 45th in the world by Academic Ranking of World Universities ARWU in 2019 39th worldwide by Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2019 and 65th globally by QS World University Rankings 2020 UT Austin was also ranked 31st in the world by the Center for World University Rankings CWUR 102 The University of Texas at Austin is considered to be a Public Ivy a public university that provides an Ivy League collegiate experience at a public school price having been ranked in virtually every list of Public Ivies since Richard Moll coined the term in his 1985 book Public Ivies A Guide to America s best public undergraduate colleges and universities The seven other Public Ivy universities according to Moll were the College of William amp Mary Miami University the University of California the University of Michigan the University of North Carolina the University of Vermont and the University of Virginia 103 In its 2016 edition of college rankings U S News amp World Report ranked the Accounting and Latin American History programs as the top in the nation and more than 50 other science humanities and professional programs rank in the top 25 nationally 101 The College of Pharmacy is listed as the third best in the nation and The School of Information iSchool is sixth best in Library and Information Sciences 101 Among other rankings the School of Social Work is 7th the Jackson School of Geosciences is 8th for Earth Sciences the Cockrell School of Engineering is tied for 10th best with the undergraduate engineering program tied for 11th best in the country the Nursing School is tied for 13th the University of Texas School of Law is 15th the Lyndon B Johnson School of Public Affairs is 7th and the McCombs School of Business is tied for 16th best with the undergraduate business program tied for 5th best in the country 101 The University of Texas School of Architecture was ranked second among national undergraduate programs in 2012 104 A 2005 Bloomberg survey ranked the school 5th among all business schools and first among public business schools for the largest number of alumni who are S amp P 500 CEOs 105 Similarly a 2005 USA Today report ranked the university as the number one source of new Fortune 1000 CEOs 106 A payback analysis published by SmartMoney in 2011 comparing graduates salaries to tuition costs concluded the school was the second best value of all colleges in the nation behind only Georgia Tech 107 A 2013 College Database study found that UT Austin was 22nd in the nation in terms of increased lifetime earnings by graduates 108 Research Edit The Engineering Education and Research Center EERC a multidisciplinary teaching and research facility for the Cockrell School of Engineering UT Austin is classified among R1 Doctoral Universities Very high research activity 85 For the 2014 2015 cycle the university was awarded over 580 million in sponsored projects 109 110 and has earned more than 300 patents since 2003 111 The University of Texas at Austin houses the Office of Technology Commercialization a technology transfer center which serves as the bridge between laboratory research and commercial development In 2009 the university created nine new start up companies to commercialize technology developed at the university and has created 46 start ups in the past seven years License agreements generated 10 9 million in revenue for the university in 2009 111 Research at UT Austin is largely focused in the engineering and physical sciences 112 and the university is a world leading research institution in fields such as computer science 113 Energy is a major research thrust with federally funded projects on biofuels 114 battery and solar cell technology and geological carbon dioxide storage 115 water purification membranes among others In 2009 the University of Texas founded the Energy Institute led by former Under Secretary for Science Raymond L Orbach to organize and advance multi disciplinary energy research 116 In addition to its own medical school it houses medical programs associated with other campuses and allied health professional programs as well as major research programs in pharmacy biomedical engineering neuroscience and others In 2010 the University of Texas at Austin opened the 100 million Dell Pediatric Research Institute to increase medical research at the university and establish a medical research complex and associated medical school in Austin 117 118 The university operates several major auxiliary research centers The world s third largest telescope the Hobby Eberly Telescope and three other large telescopes are part of the university s McDonald Observatory 450 miles 720 km west of Austin 119 120 The university manages nearly 300 acres 120 ha of biological field laboratories including the Brackenridge Field Laboratory in Austin The Center for Agile Technology focuses on software development challenges 121 The J J Pickle Research Campus PRC is home to the Texas Advanced Computing Center which operates a series of supercomputers such as Ranger from 2008 to 2013 122 Stampede 2013 2017 123 Stampede2 since 2017 124 and Frontera since 2019 125 The Pickle campus also hosts the Microelectronics Research Center which houses micro and nanoelectronics research and features a 15 000 square foot 1 400 m2 cleanroom for device fabrication Founded in 1946 the university s Applied Research Laboratories at the PRC has developed or tested the vast majority of the Navy s high frequency sonar equipment In 2007 the Navy granted it a research contract funded up to 928 million over ten years 126 127 The Institute for Advanced Technology founded in 1990 and located in the West Pickle Research Building supports the U S Army with basic and applied research in several fields The Center for Transportation Research is a nationally recognized research institution focusing on transportation research education and public service Established in 1963 as the Center for Highway Research its projects address virtually all aspects of transportation including economics multimodal systems traffic congestion relief transportation policy materials structures transit environmental impacts driver behavior land use geometric design accessibility and pavements 128 In 2013 the University of Texas at Austin announced the naming of the O Donnell Building for Applied Computational Engineering and Sciences The O Donnell Foundation of Dallas headed by Peter O Donnell and his wife Edith Jones O Donnell has given more than 135 million to the university between 1983 and 2013 University president William C Powers declared the O Donnells among the greatest supporters of the University of Texas in its 130 year history Their transformative generosity is based on the belief in our power to change society for the better 129 In 2008 O Donnell pledged 18 million to finance the hiring of university faculty members undertaking research in mathematics computers and multiple scientific disciplines his pledge was matched by W A Tex Moncrief Jr an oilman and philanthropist from Fort Worth 130 The University of Texas at Austin Marine Science Institute is located on the Gulf coast in Port Aransas Established in 1941 UTMSI was the first permanent marine research facility in the state of Texas and has since contributed significantly to our understanding of marine ecosystems Research at the Marine Science Institute ranges from locally important work on mariculture and estuarine ecosystems to the investigation of global issues in marine science from the Arctic to the tropics Endowment Edit The Norman Hackerman Building Main article Permanent University Fund The University of Texas System is entitled to at least 30 of the distributions from the Permanent University Fund PUF with over 33 billion in assets as of year end 2021 131 132 The University of Texas System gets two thirds of the Available University Fund the name of the annual distribution of PUF s income and the Texas A amp M University System gets the other third A regental policy 133 requires at least 45 percent of UT System s share of this money go to the University of Texas at Austin for program enrichment By taking two thirds and multiplying it by 45 percent UT gets 30 percent which is the minimum amount of AUF income that can be distributed to the school under current policies The Regents however can decide to allocate additional amounts to the university Also the majority of the University of Texas system share of the AUF is used for its debt service bonds some of which were issued for the benefit of the Austin campus 134 The Regents can change the 45 percent minimum of the University of Texas System share to goes to the Austin campus at any time although doing so might be difficult politically Proceeds from lands appropriated in 1839 and 1876 as well as oil monies comprise the majority of PUF At one time the PUF was the chief source of income for Texas two university systems the University of Texas System and the Texas A amp M University System today however its revenues account for less than 10 percent of the universities annual budgets This has challenged the universities to increase sponsored research and private donations Privately funded endowments contribute over 2 billion to the university s total endowment The University of Texas System also has about 22 billion of assets in its General Endowment Fund 135 Student life EditStudent body composition as of May 2 2022 Race and ethnicity 136 TotalWhite 37 37 Hispanic 26 26 Asian 23 23 Other b 5 5 Black 6 6 Foreign national 4 4 Economic diversityLow income c 23 23 Affluent d 77 77 Student profile Edit For Fall 2011 the university enrolled 38 437 undergraduate 11 497 graduate and 1 178 law students 137 Out of state and international students comprised 9 1 of the undergraduate student body and 20 1 of the total student body with students from all 50 states and more than 120 foreign countries most notably the Republic of Korea followed by the People s Republic of China India Mexico and Taiwan 138 For Fall 2015 the undergraduate student body was 48 9 male and 51 1 female 137 The three largest undergraduate majors in 2009 were Biological Sciences Unspecified Business and Psychology while the three largest graduate majors were Business Administration MBA Electrical and Computer Engineering and Pharmacy PharmD 138 Residential life Edit The campus has fourteen residence halls the newest of which opened in Spring 2007 On campus housing can hold more than 7 100 students 139 Jester Center is the largest residence hall with its capacity of 2 945 140 Academic enrollment exceeds the on campus housing capacity as a result most students must live in private residence halls housing cooperatives apartments or with Greek organizations and other off campus residences University Housing and Dining which already has the largest market share of 7 000 of the estimated 27 000 beds in the campus area plans to expand to 9 000 beds 141 Student organizations Edit The university recognizes more than 1 300 student organizations 142 143 In addition it supports three official student governance organizations that represent student interests to faculty administrators and the Texas Legislature Student Government established in 1902 is the oldest governance organization and represents student interests in general 144 The Senate of College Councils represents students in academic affairs and coordinates the college councils 145 and the Graduate Student Assembly represents graduate student interests 146 The University Unions Student Events Center serves as the hub for student activities on campus 147 The Friar Society serves as the oldest honor society at the university and recognizes students who have made significant contributions to the school 148 Texas Orange Jackets founded in 1923 is the oldest women s honorary service organization on campus and empowers young women leaders to serve the campus and community The Texas Blazers an honorary service organization act as official hosts of the university Texas 4000 for Cancer is another student organization which also doubles as an Austin based nonprofit that hosts a 4 500 mile bike ride from Austin Texas to Anchorage Alaska thus far raising over 5 million for cancer research and patient support services since its inception in 2004 149 Greek life Edit See also List of fraternities and sororities at University of Texas at Austin The University of Texas at Austin is home to an active Greek community Approximately 14 percent of undergraduate students are in fraternities or sororities 150 With more than 65 national chapters the university s Greek community is one of the nation s largest 150 These chapters are under the authority of one of the school s six Greek council communities Interfraternity Council National Pan Hellenic Council Texas Asian Pan Hellenic Council Latino Pan Hellenic Council Multicultural Greek Council and University Panhellenic Council 151 Other registered student organizations also name themselves with Greek letters and are called affiliates They are not a part of one of the six councils but have all of the same privileges and responsibilities of any other organization 152 Most Greek houses are west of the Drag in the West Campus neighborhood Media Edit See also Texas Student Media Students express their opinions in and out of class through periodicals including Study Breaks magazine Longhorn Life The Daily Texan the most award winning daily college newspaper in the United States 153 and the Texas Travesty Over the airwaves students voices are heard through Texas Student Television K29HW D and KVRX Radio The Computer Writing and Research Lab of the university s Department of Rhetoric and Writing also hosts the Blogora a blog for connecting rhetoric rhetorical methods and theories and rhetoricians with public life by the Rhetoric Society of America 154 Traditions Edit The Silver Spurs with the university s mascot Bevo Traditions at the University of Texas are perpetuated through several school symbols and mediums At athletic events students frequently sing Texas Fight the university s fight song 155 while displaying the Hook em Horns hand gesture 156 the gesture mimicking the horns of the school s mascot Bevo the Texas Longhorn Athletics EditMain article Texas Longhorns The University of Texas offers a wide variety of varsity and intramural sports programs On June 12 2020 UT student athletes banded together with their WeAreOne statement on Twitter Among the list of changes included renaming certain campus buildings replacing statues starting outreach programs and replacing The Eyes of Texas UT Interim President Jay Hartzell released a statement on July 13 2020 announcing the changes to be implemented in light of these demands from UT student athletes Hartzell said the university would make a multi million dollar investment to programs that recruit retain and support Black students rename the Robert L Moore Building as the Physics Math and Astronomy Building honor Heman M Sweatt in numerous ways including placing a statue of Sweatt near the entrance of T S Painter Hall honor the Precursors the first Black undergraduates to attend the University of Texas at Austin by commissioning a new monument on the East Mall erect a statue for Julius Whittier the Longhorns first Black football letterman at DKR Texas Memorial Stadium and more However one of the most controversial topics on the list replacing The Eyes of Texas as UT s alma mater remained untouched 157 Further information Horns Illustrated print and digital university athletics publication Varsity sports Edit Texas Longhorns football playing against Oklahoma in the 2007 Red River Rivalry The university s men s and women s athletics teams are nicknamed the Longhorns Texas has won 50 total national championships 158 42 of which are NCAA national championships 159 The football team experienced its greatest success under coach Darrell Royal winning three national championships in 1963 1969 and 1970 It won a fourth title under head coach Mack Brown in 2005 after a 41 38 victory over previously undefeated Southern California in the 2006 Rose Bowl The University s baseball team has made more trips to the College World Series 35 than any other school and won championships in 1949 1950 1975 1983 2002 and 2005 160 Additionally the university s men s and women s swimming and diving teams lay claim to sixteen NCAA Division I titles with the men s team having 13 of those titles more than any other Division 1 team 161 The swim team was first developed under Coach Tex Robertson 162 Notable people EditFaculty Edit Main article List of University of Texas at Austin faculty In the Fall of 2016 the school employed 3 128 full time faculty members with a student to faculty ratio of 18 86 to 1 These include 163 164 winners of the Nobel Prize the Pulitzer Prize the National Medal of Science the National Medal of Technology the Turing Award the Primetime Emmy Award and other various awards 165 Nine Nobel Laureates are or have been affiliated with the University of Texas at Austin Research expenditures for the university exceeded 679 8 million in fiscal year 2018 15 16 Brene Brown Clinical Social Worker and Researcher Alumni Edit Main article List of University of Texas at Austin alumni Notable University of Texas alumni include Wes Anderson filmmaker James Baker former White House Chief of Staff and Secretary of State Alan Bean NASA astronaut fourth person to walk on the Moon Lloyd Bentsen 69th United States Secretary of the Treasury and former U S Senator from Texas Laura Bush former First Lady of the United States Tom C Clark former Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States Lady Bird Johnson former First Lady of the United States Roger Clemens seven time Cy Young Award winner Kevin Durant 11 time NBA All Star Farrah Fawcett actress Tom Landry Pro Football Hall of Fame coach Jeb Bush former Governor of Florida Jayne Mansfield model and actress John Brennan former Director of the Central Intelligence Agency Jordan Spieth professional golfer Stacey Abrams voting rights activist Matthew McConaughey Academy Award winning actor Greg Abbott Governor of Texas Walter Cronkite journalist Rex Tillerson 69th United States Secretary of State Neil deGrasse Tyson astrophysicist Owen Wilson actor Renee Zellweger two time academy award winning actress Brene Brown clinical social worker and researcherTexas Exes is the official University of Texas alumni organization The Alcalde founded in 1913 and pronounced all call day is the university s alumni magazine At least 15 graduates have served in the U S Senate or U S House of Representatives including Lloyd Bentsen 42 who served in both Houses 166 Presidential cabinet members include former U S Secretaries of State Rex Tillerson 75 and James Baker 57 167 former U S Secretary of Education William J Bennett and former U S Secretary of Commerce Donald Evans 73 Former First Lady Laura Bush 73 and daughter Jenna 04 both graduated from Texas 168 as well as former First Lady Lady Bird Johnson 33 amp 34 and her eldest daughter Lynda In foreign governments the university has been represented by Fernando Belaunde Terry 36 42nd President of Peru and by Abdullah al Tariki co founder of OPEC Additionally the Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority Salam Fayyad graduated from the university with a PhD in economics Tom C Clark J D 22 served as United States Attorney General from 1945 to 1949 and as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1949 to 1967 Alumni in academia include the 26th President of The College of William amp Mary Gene Nichol 76 the 10th President of Boston University Robert A Brown 73 amp 75 169 and the 8th President of the University of Southern California John R Hubbard The university also graduated Alan Bean 55 the fourth man to walk on the Moon Additionally alumni who have served as business leaders include Secretary of State and former ExxonMobil Corporation CEO Rex Tillerson 75 Dell founder and CEO Michael Dell and Gary C Kelly Southwest Airlines s CEO In literature and journalism the school boasts 20 Pulitzer Prizes to 18 former students 170 including Gail Caldwell and Ben Sargent 70 Walter Cronkite the former CBS Evening News anchor once called the most trusted man in America attended the University of Texas at Austin as did CNN anchor Betty Nguyen 95 Alumnus J M Coetzee also received the 2003 Nobel Prize in Literature Novelist Raymond Benson 78 was the official author of James Bond novels between 1996 and 2002 the only American to be commissioned to pen them Donna Alvermann a distinguished research professor at the University of Georgia Department of Education also graduated from the University of Texas as did Wallace Clift 49 and Jean Dalby Clift 50 J D 52 authors of several books in the fields of psychology of religion and spiritual growth Notable alumni authors also include Kovid Gupta 2010 author of several bestselling books Ruth Cowan Nash 23 America s first woman war correspondent and Alireza Jafarzadeh author of The Iran Threat President Ahmadinejad and the Coming Nuclear Crisis and television commentator 82 MS Although expelled from the university former student and The Daily Texan writer John Patric went on to become a noted writer for National Geographic Reader s Digest and author of 1940s best seller Why Japan was Strong 171 University of Texas at Austin alumni also include 112 Fulbright Scholars 172 31 Rhodes Scholars 172 28 Truman Scholars 173 23 Marshall Scholars 172 and nine astronauts 174 Several musicians and entertainers attended the university Janis Joplin the American singer posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame who received a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award attended the university 175 as did February 1955 Playboy Playmate of the Month and Golden Globe recipient Jayne Mansfield 176 Composer Harold Morris is a 1910 graduate Noted film director cinematographer writer and editor Robert Rodriguez is a Longhorn as are actors Eli Wallach and Matthew McConaughey the latter of which now teaches a class at the university 177 Rodriguez dropped out of the university after two years to pursue his career in Hollywood but completed his degree from the Radio Television Film department on May 23 2009 Rodriguez also gave the keynote address at the university wide commencement ceremony Radio Television Film alumni Mark Dennis and Ben Foster took their award winning feature film Strings to the American film festival circuit in 2011 Web and television actress Felicia Day and film actress Renee Zellweger attended the university Day graduated with degrees in music performance violin and mathematics while Zellweger graduated with a BA in English Writer and recording artist Phillip Sandifer graduated with a degree in History Michael Burnie Burns is an actor writer film director and film producer who graduated with a degree in Computer Science 178 He along with graduate Matt Hullum 178 also founded the Austin based production company Rooster Teeth that produces many hit shows including the award winning Internet series Red vs Blue Farrah Fawcett one of the original Charlie s Angels left after her junior year to pursue a modeling career Actor Owen Wilson and writer director Wes Anderson attended the university where they wrote Bottle Rocket together which became Anderson s first feature film Writer and producer Charles Olivier is a Longhorn So too are filmmakers and actors Mark Duplass and his brother Jay Duplass key contributors to the mumblecore film genre Another notable writer Rob Thomas graduated with a BA in History in 1987 and later wrote the young adult novel Rats Saw God and created the series Veronica Mars Illustrator writer and alum Felicia Bond 179 is best known for her illustrations in the If You Give children s books series starting with If You Give a Mouse a Cookie Taiwanese singer songwriter producer actress Cindy Yen birth name Cindy Wu graduated with double degrees in Music piano performance and Broadcast Journalism in 2008 Noted composer and arranger Jack Cooper received his D M A in 1999 from the University of Texas at Austin in composition and has gone on to teach in higher education and become known internationally through the music publishing industry Actor Trevante Rhodes competed as a sprinter for the Longhorns and graduated with a BS in Applied Learning and Development in 2012 In 2016 he starred as Chiron in the Academy Award and Golden Globe winning film Moonlight Many alumni have found success in professional sports Legendary pro football coach Tom Landry 49 attended the university as an industrial engineering major but interrupted his education after a semester to serve in the United States Army Air Corps during World War II Following the war he returned to the university and played fullback and defensive back on the Longhorns bowl game winners on New Year s Day of 1948 and 1949 Seven time Cy Young Award winner Roger Clemens entered the MLB after helping the Longhorns win the 1983 College World Series 180 NBA MVP and four time scoring champion Kevin Durant entered the 2007 NBA Draft and was selected second overall behind Greg Oden after sweeping National Player of the Year honors becoming the first freshman to win any of the awards After becoming the first freshman in school history to lead Texas in scoring and being named the Big 12 Freshman of the Year Daniel Gibson entered the 2006 NBA draft and was selected in the second round by the Cleveland Cavaliers In his one year at Texas golfer Jordan Spieth led the University of Texas Golf club to the NCAA Men s Golf Championship in 2012 and went on to win The Masters Tournament three years after leaving the university 181 Several Olympic medalists have also attended the school including 2008 Summer Olympics athletes Ian Crocker 05 swimming world record holder and two time Olympic gold medalist and 4 400 m relay defending Olympic gold medalist Sanya Richards 06 182 183 Mary Lou Retton the first female gymnast outside Eastern Europe to win the Olympic all around title five time Olympic medalist and 1984 Sports Illustrated Sportswoman of the Year also attended the university 184 Garrett Weber Gale a two time Olympic gold medalist and world record holder in two events was a swimmer for the school Also an alumnus is Dr Robert Cade the inventor of the sports drink Gatorade In big global philanthropy the university is honored by Darren Walker president of Ford Foundation Other notable alumni include prominent businessman Red McCombs Diane Pamela Wood the first female chief judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson chemist Donna J Nelson and neuroscientist Tara Spires Jones Also an alumnus is Admiral William H McRaven credited for organizing and executing Operation Neptune s Spear the special ops raid that led to the death of Osama bin Laden 185 Oveta Culp Hobby the first woman to earn the rank of a colonel in the United States Army first commanding officer and director of the Women s Army Corps first secretary of the Department of Health Education and Welfare attended the university as well Keene Prize for Literature EditSee also Sophie Kerr Prize The Keene Prize for Literature is a student literary award given by the university With a prize of 50 000 it claims to be one of the world s largest student literary prizes 186 An additional 50 000 is split between three finalists The purpose of the award is to help maintain the university s status as a premier location for emerging writers and to recognize the winners and their works 186 The prize was established in 2006 in the College of Liberal Arts It is named after E L Keene a 1942 graduate of the university See also EditArchNet A joint project between the university and MIT on Islamic architecture Cactus Cafe Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences List of University of Texas at Austin presidents Silicon Hills University of Texas at Austin High School University of Texas at Austin admissions controversy University of Texas Elementary School University of Texas Sailing TeamNotes Edit Disciplina Praesidium Civitatis is a Latinization of the quotation by Mirabeau Lamar that The cultivated mind is the guardian genius of democracy Other consists of Multiracial Americans amp those who prefer to not say The percentage of students who received an income based federal Pell grant intended for low income students The percentage of students who are a part of the American middle class at the bare minimum References Edit a b Battle William James December 2 2015 June 15 2010 The University of Texas at Austin Handbook of Texas online ed Texas State Historical Association UT Seal Ex Students Association of The University of Texas n d Archived from the original on November 8 2018 Retrieved November 7 2018 As of June 30 2021 U S and Canadian Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year 2021 Endowment Market Value and Change in Endowment Market Value from FY20 to FY21 Report National Association of College and University Business Officers and TIAA February 18 2022 Retrieved February 18 2022 Operating budget PDF University of Texas at Austin 2018 Archived PDF from the original on September 23 2019 Retrieved September 23 2019 McCombs Business Dean Hartzell named interim president of UT Austin The University of Texas System April 8 2020 Retrieved April 9 2020 Facts amp Figures the University of Texas at Austin Fast facts 2016 PDF Archived from the original PDF on August 22 2016 Retrieved July 23 2016 UT Austin Enrolls Largest Ever Student Body Sets All Time Highs for Graduation Rates September 22 2022 Facts amp Figures the University of Texas at Austin Facts amp Figures the University of Texas at Austin IPEDS University of Texas at Austin Colors Brand The University of Texas Retrieved August 11 2016 Cobb David Dodd Dennis July 30 2021 Texas Oklahoma join SEC Longhorns Sooners accept invitations as Big 12 powers begin new wave of realignment CBS Sports Facts amp Figures The University of Texas at Austin www utexas edu Retrieved May 5 2022 a b Table 20 Higher education R amp D expenditures ranked by FY 2018 R amp D expenditures FYs 2009 18 ncsesdata nsf gov National Science Foundation Retrieved July 20 2020 a b UT System Research Expenditures PDF Archived from the original PDF on December 15 2018 Retrieved March 26 2018 Texas Athletics completes Tokyo Olympics with 9 total medals including 5 gold University of Texas Athletics Retrieved August 21 2021 Sons of Dewitt County The Constitution of Coahuila and Texas Wallace L McKeehan Archived from the original on March 21 2015 Retrieved January 31 2015 Constitution of the Republic of Texas 1836 Tarlton Library Jamail Center for Legal Research School of Law University of Texas at Austin Archived from the original on March 4 2016 Retrieved January 30 2015 Lane John J 1903 History of Education in Texas United States Bureau of Economics p 124 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2006 Deconstructing Racism One Statue at a Time Visual Culture Wars at Texas A amp M University and the University of Texas at Austin Visual Arts Research 32 2 28 31 JSTOR 20715415 The University of Texas at Austin Visitor s Guide 2008 p 21 ESPN IMG Introduce TV Network for The University of Texas at Austin The University of Texas at Austin January 19 2011 Archived from the original on January 25 2011 Retrieved January 25 2011 UT shooter described as intelligent unemotional September 29 2010 McGee Kate February 16 2022 UT faculty members demand answers after Dan Patrick says Liberty Institute intended to fight critical race theory The Texas Tribune Retrieved February 18 2022 The Main Building Archived March 3 2016 at the Wayback Machine The University of Texas Retrieved December 1 2005 University approves new policy for lighting The Tower Archived October 12 2007 at the Wayback Machine On Campus Retrieved December 1 2005 1 Archived August 29 2012 at the Wayback Machine A few facts about Knicker Carillon Archived March 4 2016 at the Wayback Machine On Campus Retrieved December 1 2005 Tower tours The Texas Union Archived from the original on September 24 2010 Retrieved December 1 2005 Statistical Overview of the Library Collections 2007 Archived from the original on March 18 2009 Retrieved January 25 2011 The University of Texas Libraries Retrieved December 1 2005 The Gutenberg Bible at the Ransom Center Archived October 16 2002 at the Wayback Machine Harry Ransom Center Retrieved December 1 2005 Blanton Museum of Art Poised to Become Largest University Museum in the United States Archived from the original on June 28 2011 Retrieved January 25 2011 Blanton Museum of Art About Archived from the original on February 21 2010 Retrieved January 25 2011 Hall Sid Richardson December 16 2015 Nettie Lee Benson Latin American Collection Poets amp Writers Retrieved September 12 2019 Norsworthy Kent September 29 2016 Digital Resources LLILAS Benson Latin American Studies and Collections University of Texas at Austin Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Latin American History doi 10 1093 acrefore 9780199366439 013 81 ISBN 9780199366439 Story Wesley August 7 2017 Alumnus reflects on illicit UT tunnel adventures The Daily Texan Retrieved October 10 2022 Tunneling for Truth the Myth Explained The Daily Texan 2011 Archived from the original on February 14 2011 Tynan February 12 2006 The Secret Tunnels Under UT Archived from the original on March 14 2006 Nuclear Engineering Teaching Lab Archived September 1 2005 at the Wayback Machine Nuclear and Radiation Engineering Program Retrieved February 10 2006 Collier Bill Reactor draws safety questions Austin American Statesman December 15 1989 Gates Computer Science Complex and Dell Hall Open Department of Computer Science at UT Austin March 4 2013 Archived from the original on March 10 2013 Retrieved March 22 2013 Belo Center for New Media Opens College of Communication October 20 2012 Archived from the original on 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Issues Travel Advice Credit Advice Smartmoney com October 18 2011 Retrieved July 10 2013 A UT Degree Yes It s Worth It The Alcalde June 21 2013 Archived from the original on September 6 2015 Retrieved August 3 2015 Facts amp Figures The University of Texas at Austin Utexas edu Archived from the original on July 15 2017 Retrieved July 14 2017 President Powers Delivers 2010 State of the University Address Archived from the original on September 19 2010 Retrieved September 15 2010 a b OTC Statistics Archived from the original on January 6 2010 Retrieved April 4 2010 The Top American Research Universities 2009 PDF Archived from the original PDF on June 1 2010 Retrieved August 23 2010 The 20 Most Cited Institutions in Computer Science 1998 2008 Archived from the original on November 6 2010 Retrieved August 23 2010 University of Texas at Austin biologists engineers in 25 million project to develop jet fuel from algal oil Retrieved November 7 2009 Energy Frontier Research Center EFRC Awards 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135 Million in Gifts July 9 2010 foundationcenter org Retrieved September 15 2013 2021 12 PUF Semi Annual Report PDF As required by the Texas Constitution Archived November 23 2005 at the Wayback Machine 2 Archived September 22 2005 at the Wayback Machine 3 Archived November 1 2005 at the Wayback Machine 2021 GEF Audited Financial Statements PDF College Scorecard University of Texas at Austin United States Department of Education Retrieved May 24 2022 a b Fall 2011 Enrollment Analysis PDF The University of Texas at Austin Archived from the original PDF on October 23 2012 a b Student Characteristics Fall 2009 PDF Archived from the original PDF on June 2 2010 Retrieved April 5 2010 Residence Hall Master Plan Archived March 4 2016 at the Wayback Machine The University of Texas Division of Housing and Food Retrieved February 5 2007 Residence Halls at a Glance Archived June 17 2016 at the Wayback Machine The University of Texas Division of Housing and Food Retrieved December 2 2005 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