At the time of the Roman conquest, Julius Caesar, who defeated them in his campaign in Gaul, describes them as making up a distinct part of Gaul:
All Gaul is divided into three parts, one of which the Belgae inhabit, the Aquitani another, those who in their own language are called Celts, in ours Gauls, the third. All these differ from each other in language, customs and laws. The river Garonne separates the Gauls from the Aquitani[3]
Despite apparent cultural and linguistic connections to (Vascones), the area of Aquitania, as a part of Gaul ended at the Pyrenees according to Caesar:
Aquitania extends from the river Garonne to the Pyrenaean mountains and to that part of the ocean which is near Hispania: it looks between the setting of the sun, and the north star.[4]
Relation to Basque people and languageedit
The presence, on late Romano-Aquitanian funerary slabs and altars, of what seem to be the names of deities or people similar to certain names in modern Basque have led many philologists and linguists to conclude that Aquitanian was closely related to an older form of Basque. Julius Caesar draws a clear line between the Aquitani, living in present-day south-western France and speaking Aquitanian, and their neighboring Celts living to the north.[5] The fact that the region was known as Vasconia in the Early Middle Ages, a name that evolved into the better known form of Gascony, along with other toponymic evidence, seems to corroborate that assumption.
Tribesedit
Tribes in Aquitania (as was defined in the 1st century BCE)Late distribution of tribes in Novempopulania at the end of the 6th century CE, former Aquitania proper (as was defined in the 1st century BCE)
Although the country where the original Aquitanians lived came to be named Novempopulania (nine peoples) in the late years of the Roman Empire and Early Middle Ages (up to the 6th century), the number of tribes varied (about 20 for Strabo, but comparing with the information of other classical authors such as Pliny, Ptolemy and Julius Caesar, the total number were 32 or 33):[citation needed]
Boiates/Boates Boii Boiates/Boviates in the coastal region of Pays de Buch and Pays de Born, in the Northwest of Landes
Camponi (may have been the same tribe as the Oscidates Campestres)
Cocosates or Sexsignani in the west of Landes département
Consoranni in the tributary streams of the high Garonne river in the former province of Couserans, today's west half of the Ariège department and extreme south of Haute-Garonne
^Waldman, Carl; Mason, Catherine (2006). Encyclopedia of European Peoples. Infobase Publishing. p. 38. ISBN9781438129181. The Aquitani [...] lived in Gaul in the region between the Garonne River and the Pyrenees in present-day southwestern France [...].
^These are indeed the opening lines of Caesar’s account of his war in Gaul: Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra Galli appellantur. Hi omnes lingua, institutis, legibus inter se differunt. Gallos ab Aquitanis Garumna flumen [...] dividit. Julius Caesar, De bello Gallico 1.1, edition of T. Rice Holmes
^Aquitania a Garumna flumine ad Pyrenaeos montes et eam partem Oceani quae est ad Hispaniam pertinet; spectat inter occasum solis et septentriones.
^Trask, R.L. (1997). The History of Basque. New York, USA: Routledge. pp. 398–412. ISBN0-415-13116-2.
^ abJudge, A. (2007-02-07). Linguistic Policies and the Survival of Regional Languages in France and Britain. Springer. p. 70. ISBN9780230286177.
aquitani, were, tribe, that, lived, region, between, pyrenees, atlantic, ocean, garonne, present, southwestern, france, century, romans, dubbed, this, region, gallia, classical, authors, such, julius, caesar, strabo, clearly, distinguish, from, other, peoples,. The Aquitani were a tribe that lived in the region between the Pyrenees the Atlantic ocean and the Garonne in present day southwestern France 1 in the 1st century BCE The Romans dubbed this region Gallia Aquitania Classical authors such as Julius Caesar and Strabo clearly distinguish the Aquitani from the other peoples of Gaul and note their similarity to others in the Iberian Peninsula The tribes confederated as the Aquitani and other pre Indo European tribes are in blackDuring the process of Romanization the Aquitani gradually adopted Latin Vulgar Latin and the Roman civilization Their old language the Aquitanian language was a precursor of the Basque language 2 and the substrate for the Gascon language one of the Romance languages spoken in Gascony Contents 1 History 2 Relation to Basque people and language 3 Tribes 3 1 Aquitani tribes 3 2 Aquitani related peoples or tribes 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksHistory editAt the time of the Roman conquest Julius Caesar who defeated them in his campaign in Gaul describes them as making up a distinct part of Gaul All Gaul is divided into three parts one of which the Belgae inhabit the Aquitani another those who in their own language are called Celts in ours Gauls the third All these differ from each other in language customs and laws The river Garonne separates the Gauls from the Aquitani 3 Despite apparent cultural and linguistic connections to Vascones the area of Aquitania as a part of Gaul ended at the Pyrenees according to Caesar Aquitania extends from the river Garonne to the Pyrenaean mountains and to that part of the ocean which is near Hispania it looks between the setting of the sun and the north star 4 Relation to Basque people and language editThe presence on late Romano Aquitanian funerary slabs and altars of what seem to be the names of deities or people similar to certain names in modern Basque have led many philologists and linguists to conclude that Aquitanian was closely related to an older form of Basque Julius Caesar draws a clear line between the Aquitani living in present day south western France and speaking Aquitanian and their neighboring Celts living to the north 5 The fact that the region was known as Vasconia in the Early Middle Ages a name that evolved into the better known form of Gascony along with other toponymic evidence seems to corroborate that assumption Tribes edit nbsp Tribes in Aquitania as was defined in the 1st century BCE nbsp Late distribution of tribes in Novempopulania at the end of the 6th century CE former Aquitania proper as was defined in the 1st century BCE Although the country where the original Aquitanians lived came to be named Novempopulania nine peoples in the late years of the Roman Empire and Early Middle Ages up to the 6th century the number of tribes varied about 20 for Strabo but comparing with the information of other classical authors such as Pliny Ptolemy and Julius Caesar the total number were 32 or 33 citation needed Aquitani tribes edit Apiates or Aspiates in the Aspe Valley Gave d Aspe Valley Aturenses in the banks of the Adour Aturus river Arenosii or Airenosini in Aran valley high Garonne valley part of Aquitania and not of Hispania in the Roman Empire Ausci in the east around Auch Elimberris metropolis of Aquitania Benearni or Benearnenses Venarni in and around low Bearn Pau Pyrenees Atlantiques Bercorates Bercorcates Bigerriones or Begerri in the west of the French departement of High Pyrenees medieval county of Bigorre Boiates Boates Boii Boiates Boviates in the coastal region of Pays de Buch and Pays de Born in the Northwest of Landes Camponi may have been the same tribe as the Oscidates Campestres Cocosates or Sexsignani in the west of Landes departement Consoranni in the tributary streams of the high Garonne river in the former province of Couserans today s west half of the Ariege department and extreme south of Haute Garonne Convenae a groupement in the southeast high Garonne valley in and around Lugdunum Convenarum Datii in the Ossau Valley high Bearn Elusates in the northeast around Eauze former Elusa 6 Gates between the Elusates and the Ausci Iluronenses in and around Iluro Oloron Sainte Marie Lactorates or Lectorates in and around Lectoure 6 Monesii Osii or Onesii in the high Garonne river valley Louchon only mentioned in Strabo s Geographica Onobrisates in Nebouzan in the high Garonne river valley and its tributaries possibly the same tribe as the Onesii Osii or Monesii Oscidates in several valleys and slopes of the west Pyrenees high Bearn south of the Iluronenses Oscidates Campestres Oscidates Montani Ptianii in Orthez Sassumini Lassumini Lassunni Sibyllates or Suburates probably around Soule Xuberoa and also Saubusse the same of Caesar s Sibuzates Sibusates Sotiates in the north around Sos en Albret south of Lot et Garonne department Succasses Tarbelli or Tarbelii Quattuorsignani in the coastal side of Landes with Dax Aquis Tarbellicis Tarusates in the Midou Douze and Midouze valley east of Cocosates and Tarbelli Tarusci in the high Ariege river valley in the former province of Foix today s east half of the Ariege department Umbranici Vellates in high Bidassoa river valley Venami Venarni in and around Beneharnum modern day Lescar Vasates Volcates in the north around Bazas south of Gironde department Aquitani related peoples or tribes edit In the southern slopes of western Pyrenees Mountains not in Aquitania but in northern Hispania Tarraconensis Iacetani in high Aragon River valley in and around Jaca in the southern slopes of western Pyrenees Mountains in today s northwestern Aragon Spain Vascones in the southern slopes of western Pyrenees Mountains in today s Navarra SpainSee also editAquitanian language Gauls Novempopulania Gallia Aquitania Duchy of Vasconia Vascones Iberians Gascony Late Basquisation Pre Roman peoples of the Iberian PeninsulaReferences edit Waldman Carl Mason Catherine 2006 Encyclopedia of European Peoples Infobase Publishing p 38 ISBN 9781438129181 The Aquitani lived in Gaul in the region between the Garonne River and the Pyrenees in present day southwestern France Trask L The History of Basque Routledge 1997 ISBN 0 415 13116 2 These are indeed the opening lines of Caesar s account of his war in Gaul Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres quarum unam incolunt Belgae aliam Aquitani tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae nostra Galli appellantur Hi omnes lingua institutis legibus inter se differunt Gallos ab Aquitanis Garumna flumen dividit Julius Caesar De bello Gallico 1 1 edition of T Rice Holmes Aquitania a Garumna flumine ad Pyrenaeos montes et eam partem Oceani quae est ad Hispaniam pertinet spectat inter occasum solis et septentriones Trask R L 1997 The History of Basque New York USA Routledge pp 398 412 ISBN 0 415 13116 2 a b Judge A 2007 02 07 Linguistic Policies and the Survival of Regional Languages in France and Britain Springer p 70 ISBN 9780230286177 External links edithttp penelope uchicago edu Thayer E Roman home html 51 complete works of authors from Classical Antiquity Greek and Roman http penelope uchicago edu Thayer E Roman Texts Caesar Gallic War home html Julius Caesar text of De Bello Gallico Gallic War http penelope uchicago edu Thayer E Roman Texts Pliny the Elder home html Pliny the Elder text of Naturalis Historia Natural History books 3 6 Geography and Ethnography http penelope uchicago edu Thayer E Roman Texts Strabo home html Strabo s text of De Geographica The Geography Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Aquitani amp oldid 1206766659, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
