Physically bridging Europe and Asia, Turkey is a secular country that has historically pursued a Western-oriented foreign policy.[1] To this end, Turkey uses its global diplomatic network—the third most extensive—of 252 diplomatic and consular missions.[2][3][4]
Since the Cold War, Turkey's most important ally has been the United States, which shared Turkey's interest in containing Soviet expansion.[5][6] In support of the United States, Turkey contributed personnel to the UN forces in the Korean War (1950–1953), joined NATO in 1952, recognized Israel in 1949 and has cooperated closely with it.[7]
Historically, the Foreign relations of the Ottoman Empire and later Turkey balanced regional and global powers off against one another, forming alliances that best protected the interests of the incumbent regime.[12] The Soviet Union played a major role in supplying weapons to and financing Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's faction during the Turkish War of Independence but Turkey's followed a course of relative international isolation during the period of Atatürk's Reforms in 1920s and 1930s. International conferences gave Turkey full control of the strategic straits linking the Black Sea and the Mediterranean, through the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923 and the Montreux Convention of 1936.[13]
In the late 1930s Nazi Germany made a major effort to promote anti-Soviet propaganda in Turkey and exerted economic pressure. Britain and France, eager to outmaneuver Germany, negotiated a tripartite treaty in 1939. They gave Turkey a line of credit to purchase war materials from the West and a loan to facilitate the purchase of commodities.[14] Afraid of threats from Germany and Russia, Turkey maintained neutrality.[15] It sold chrome—an important war material—to both sides. It was clear by 1944 that Germany would be defeated and the chrome sales to Germany stopped.[16][17][18]
After 1945edit
Northern Cyprus is considered one of Turkey’s closest allies.
The independence of the Turkic states of the Soviet Union in 1991, with which Turkey shares a common cultural, historic and linguistic heritage, allowed Turkey to extend its economic and political relations deep into Central Asia.[19] The International Organization of Turkic Culture (TURKSOY) was established in 1993, and the Organization of Turkic States (OTS) was established in 2009. The Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline, a multi-billion-dollar oil and natural gas pipeline that extends from Baku in Azerbaijan to the port of Ceyhan in Turkey, forms part of Turkey's foreign policy strategy to become an energy conduit from the Caspian Sea basin to Europe. Turkey sealed its land border with Armenia in a gesture of support to Azerbaijan (a Turkic state in the Caucasus region) during the First (1993) and Second (2020) Nagorno-Karabakh Wars, and it remains closed.[20] Armenia and Turkey started diplomatic talks in order to normalize the relationship between the two countries. The discussions include opening the closed borders and starting trade. Turkey and Armenia have also restarted commercial flights between the two countries.[21]
Under the AKP government (2003–), Turkey's economy has grown rapidly and the country's influence has grown in the Middle East based on a strategic depth doctrine, sometimes mistakenly called Neo-Ottomanism.[22][23] Debate on Turkey's foreign relations is controversial both within Turkey itself and outside the country. In the West, there is a divide between those who are worried about Turkey's perceived movement away from the West toward a less democratic, more Islamic or more pro-Russian and pro-Chinese[24] orientation and those who do not see Turkey's changing political structure, growing regional power and diversification of relations with countries such as Russia as a threat.[25]
Diplomatic relationsedit
Despite being one of the first countries to recognize Armenia's independence, Turkey has never established formal diplomatic relations with Armenia. Turkey formerly had diplomatic relations with Cyprus, Syria and Taiwan.
List of countries which Turkey maintains diplomatic relations with:
There has been a revival in Turkey's relation with Africa after 1998 and civil society is the leading factor in this process.[223] Initially this revival came as a passive attempt, but after 2005 it became an offensive interest in developing relations with the continent. The recent Turkey–Africa Cooperation Summit in 2008 marks the latest stage in Turkey's keen interest in developing relations with Africa, and should be seen as a turning point.[224] Turkey since its involvement in Somalia in 2011, is eager to be considered as a political actor in the continent.[225][226]
Since 2008, Turkey has prioritized friendly relations with Africa partly to build friendly and conflict–free relations, which was not available in the hostile atmosphere in its neighborhood.[247] Capitalizing on a strong sentiment of fellowship among Turkish people towards Africans, economic and diplomatic relations with Africa flourished: Foreign trade between sub-Saharan Africa and Turkey increased from US$581 million[248] in 1998 to US$5.08[249] billion in 2015.
Dating back to 1800, Turkey's relations with sub-Saharan Africa flourished from the 1860s—when the Ottoman Empire started sending trained imams to the region—until 1885 when other European colonial powers blocked Ottoman influence.[250] Relations were restored in the 1950s,[251] and gained momentum when Emperor Haile Selassie visited Turkey in March 1967 and December 1969.[252]
Turkey has also dramatically increased financial aid to the region,[248] providing a total of US$6.38 billion to the region just between 2006 and 2011[254] including the 2011 donation of US$200 million to fight the famine in East Africa.[253]
Following its NATO membership in 1952 and subsequent hosting of the United States Air Force in Incirlik Air Base, Turkey became the bulwark of NATO's southeastern flank, the directly bordering Warsaw Pact countries. Turkey participated with the United States during the Korean War of the early 1950s and the Gulf War of 1990.
Azerbaijan-Turkey relations have been described as "one nation with two states" due to a common culture and the mutual intelligibility of Turkish and Azerbaijani.
Turkey became the first state to recognize the Republic of Azerbaijan in November 1991.[373]
Trade volume between the two countries was 6.53 billion USD in 2018 (Turkish exports/imports: 0.88/5.64 billion USD).[448]
212,970 South Korean tourists visited Turkey in 2019.[448]
Free Trade Agreement between the two countries entered into force on 1 May 2013 and was updated on 1 August 2018 to include an Investment Agreement.[448]
Turkey ranks third in number of martyrs among the 16 countries that participated in the Korean War. United Nations Memorial Cemetery in Busan honors 462 of the 966 Turkish soldiers who died during the war.
foreign, relations, turkey, physically, bridging, europe, asia, turkey, secular, country, that, historically, pursued, western, oriented, foreign, policy, this, turkey, uses, global, diplomatic, network, third, most, extensive, diplomatic, consular, missions, . Physically bridging Europe and Asia Turkey is a secular country that has historically pursued a Western oriented foreign policy 1 To this end Turkey uses its global diplomatic network the third most extensive of 252 diplomatic and consular missions 2 3 4 Turkish ambassador s residence in Embassy of Turkey Washington D C Since the Cold War Turkey s most important ally has been the United States which shared Turkey s interest in containing Soviet expansion 5 6 In support of the United States Turkey contributed personnel to the UN forces in the Korean War 1950 1953 joined NATO in 1952 recognized Israel in 1949 and has cooperated closely with it 7 Turkey s alliance with Israel during the Arab Israeli conflict strained its relations with the Arab world 8 and Iran 1 and subsequently led to overt Syrian support for Palestinian and Armenian militant operations against Turkish diplomats abroad until 1990 9 10 11 Contents 1 History 1 1 After 1945 2 Diplomatic relations 3 Bilateral relations 3 1 Multilateral 3 2 Africa 3 2 1 Northern Africa 3 2 2 Sub Saharan Africa 3 3 Americas 3 3 1 Southern Cone 3 3 2 North America 3 3 3 Caribbean 3 3 4 Central America 3 3 5 Latin America rest of 3 4 Asia and Oceania 3 4 1 Turkic states 3 4 2 Asia Pacific 3 4 3 Western Asia 3 5 Europe 4 International organizations 5 See also 6 References 7 Further reading 7 1 European Union Turkey relations 7 2 Greece Turkey relations 7 3 Middle East Turkey relations 7 4 Russia Turkey relations and the Turkish Straits 7 5 Turkey Turkic world relations 7 6 Turkey United States relations 7 7 Foreign relations 1923 1945 7 8 Foreign relations 1945 2002 7 9 Foreign relations 2002 present 8 External linksHistory editHistorically the Foreign relations of the Ottoman Empire and later Turkey balanced regional and global powers off against one another forming alliances that best protected the interests of the incumbent regime 12 The Soviet Union played a major role in supplying weapons to and financing Mustafa Kemal Ataturk s faction during the Turkish War of Independence but Turkey s followed a course of relative international isolation during the period of Ataturk s Reforms in 1920s and 1930s International conferences gave Turkey full control of the strategic straits linking the Black Sea and the Mediterranean through the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923 and the Montreux Convention of 1936 13 In the late 1930s Nazi Germany made a major effort to promote anti Soviet propaganda in Turkey and exerted economic pressure Britain and France eager to outmaneuver Germany negotiated a tripartite treaty in 1939 They gave Turkey a line of credit to purchase war materials from the West and a loan to facilitate the purchase of commodities 14 Afraid of threats from Germany and Russia Turkey maintained neutrality 15 It sold chrome an important war material to both sides It was clear by 1944 that Germany would be defeated and the chrome sales to Germany stopped 16 17 18 After 1945 edit nbsp Northern Cyprus is considered one of Turkey s closest allies After World War II Turkey sought closer relations with Western powers It became a founding member of the United Nations in 1945 a recipient of Marshall Plan aid and a member of North Atlantic Treaty Organization in 1952 European Union Turkey relations warmed during the Cold War period and the post Cold War period has seen a diversification of relations with Turkey at various moments seeking to strengthen its regional presence in the Balkans the Middle East and the Caucasus as well as taking steps toward EU membership The independence of the Turkic states of the Soviet Union in 1991 with which Turkey shares a common cultural historic and linguistic heritage allowed Turkey to extend its economic and political relations deep into Central Asia 19 The International Organization of Turkic Culture TURKSOY was established in 1993 and the Organization of Turkic States OTS was established in 2009 The Baku Tbilisi Ceyhan pipeline a multi billion dollar oil and natural gas pipeline that extends from Baku in Azerbaijan to the port of Ceyhan in Turkey forms part of Turkey s foreign policy strategy to become an energy conduit from the Caspian Sea basin to Europe Turkey sealed its land border with Armenia in a gesture of support to Azerbaijan a Turkic state in the Caucasus region during the First 1993 and Second 2020 Nagorno Karabakh Wars and it remains closed 20 Armenia and Turkey started diplomatic talks in order to normalize the relationship between the two countries The discussions include opening the closed borders and starting trade Turkey and Armenia have also restarted commercial flights between the two countries 21 Under the AKP government 2003 Turkey s economy has grown rapidly and the country s influence has grown in the Middle East based on a strategic depth doctrine sometimes mistakenly called Neo Ottomanism 22 23 Debate on Turkey s foreign relations is controversial both within Turkey itself and outside the country In the West there is a divide between those who are worried about Turkey s perceived movement away from the West toward a less democratic more Islamic or more pro Russian and pro Chinese 24 orientation and those who do not see Turkey s changing political structure growing regional power and diversification of relations with countries such as Russia as a threat 25 Diplomatic relations editDespite being one of the first countries to recognize Armenia s independence Turkey has never established formal diplomatic relations with Armenia Turkey formerly had diplomatic relations with Cyprus Syria and Taiwan List of countries which Turkey maintains diplomatic relations with nbsp Country Date 1 nbsp Russia 31 August 1492 26 2 nbsp Austria 1526 27 3 nbsp United Kingdom 23 April 1583 28 4 nbsp Sweden 1603 29 5 nbsp Netherlands 1612 30 6 nbsp United States 13 September 1831 31 7 nbsp Greece 24 August 1833 32 8 nbsp Iran 1835 33 9 nbsp Belgium 4 April 1838 34 10 nbsp Portugal 20 March 1843 35 11 nbsp Italy 25 September 1856 36 12 nbsp Guatemala 18 July 1874 37 13 nbsp Romania 22 October 1878 38 14 nbsp Bulgaria July 1879 39 15 nbsp Serbia 1879 40 16 nbsp Switzerland 1899 41 17 nbsp Norway 31 December 1905 42 18 nbsp Afghanistan 1 March 1921 43 19 nbsp France 20 October 1921 44 20 nbsp Poland 23 July 1923 45 21 nbsp Albania 15 December 1923 46 22 nbsp Spain 27 September 1924 47 23 nbsp Czech Republic 11 October 1924 48 24 nbsp Finland 9 December 1924 49 25 nbsp Denmark 26 January 1925 50 26 nbsp Japan March 1925 51 27 nbsp Egypt 8 May 1925 52 28 nbsp Chile 30 January 1926 53 29 nbsp Ethiopia 30 January 1926 54 30 nbsp Argentina 29 June 1926 55 31 nbsp Brazil 8 September 1927 56 32 nbsp Iraq 16 January 1928 57 33 nbsp Mexico 12 July 1928 58 34 nbsp Saudi Arabia 3 August 1929 59 35 nbsp Uruguay 8 December 1933 60 36 nbsp Canada 25 November 1943 61 37 nbsp Yemen 4 March 1946 62 38 nbsp Lebanon 8 March 1946 63 nbsp Syria suspended 8 March 1946 63 39 nbsp Haiti 10 July 1946 64 40 nbsp Luxembourg 10 July 1946 65 41 nbsp Hungary 23 January 1947 66 42 nbsp Jordan 31 March 1947 67 43 nbsp India 15 August 1947 68 44 nbsp Pakistan 30 November 1947 69 45 nbsp Sri Lanka 4 February 1948 70 46 nbsp Philippines 13 June 1949 71 47 nbsp Israel January 1950 72 48 nbsp Honduras 4 April 1950 73 49 nbsp Panama 14 April 1950 74 50 nbsp Bolivia 26 July 1950 75 51 nbsp Indonesia 30 July 1950 76 52 nbsp Costa Rica 21 September 1950 77 53 nbsp El Salvador 21 September 1950 78 54 nbsp Nicaragua 21 September 1950 79 55 nbsp Venezuela 29 December 1950 80 56 nbsp Ireland 2 October 1951 81 57 nbsp Dominican Republic 28 November 1951 82 58 nbsp Germany 21 June 1952 83 59 nbsp Cuba 25 November 1952 84 60 nbsp Libya 30 December 1952 85 61 nbsp Peru 1952 86 62 nbsp Paraguay 11 September 1953 87 63 nbsp Morocco 17 April 1956 88 64 nbsp Tunisia 1956 89 65 nbsp South Korea 8 March 1957 90 66 nbsp Sudan 20 July 1957 91 67 nbsp Iceland 25 November 1957 92 68 nbsp Thailand 12 May 1958 93 69 nbsp Laos 20 June 1958 94 70 nbsp Liberia 1 August 1958 95 71 nbsp Myanmar 2 September 1958 96 72 nbsp Ghana 1958 97 98 73 nbsp Colombia 10 April 1959 99 74 nbsp Ecuador 11 December 1959 100 nbsp Holy See 25 January 1960 101 nbsp Cyprus suspended 18 August 1960 102 75 nbsp Nigeria 16 February 1961 103 76 nbsp Cameroon 11 October 1962 104 105 77 nbsp Guinea 11 October 1962 105 78 nbsp Nepal 15 November 1962 106 79 nbsp Togo 6 December 1962 107 80 nbsp Madagascar 30 January 1963 108 81 nbsp Gabon 1 February 1963 109 82 nbsp Mali 17 April 1963 110 83 nbsp Algeria 30 June 1963 111 84 nbsp Tanzania 5 July 1963 112 85 nbsp Senegal 17 October 1963 113 86 nbsp Kuwait 10 January 1964 114 87 nbsp Malaysia 17 June 1964 115 88 nbsp Ivory Coast 14 July 1964 116 89 nbsp Somalia 13 December 1965 117 90 nbsp Gambia 1965 118 91 nbsp Niger 30 March 1967 119 92 nbsp Malta 10 October 1967 120 93 nbsp Kenya 30 March 1968 121 94 nbsp Australia April 1968 122 95 nbsp Singapore 12 February 1969 123 96 nbsp Mongolia 24 June 1969 124 97 nbsp Malawi 4 August 1969 125 98 nbsp Uganda 18 September 1969 126 99 nbsp Chad 27 January 1970 127 100 nbsp Burkina Faso 6 April 1970 128 101 nbsp Mauritania 14 April 1970 129 102 nbsp Sierra Leone 15 February 1971 130 103 nbsp Zambia 25 February 1971 131 104 nbsp Jamaica 30 March 1971 132 105 nbsp China 4 August 1971 133 106 nbsp Trinidad and Tobago 22 May 1972 134 107 nbsp Barbados 20 September 1972 135 108 nbsp Qatar 20 March 1973 136 109 nbsp United Arab Emirates 21 March 1973 137 110 nbsp Bahrain 12 April 1973 138 111 nbsp Guyana 2 May 1973 139 112 nbsp Oman 18 June 1973 140 113 nbsp Bangladesh 22 February 1974 141 114 nbsp Benin 29 March 1974 142 115 nbsp Bahamas 5 November 1974 143 116 nbsp Grenada 8 May 1975 144 117 nbsp Democratic Republic of the Congo 22 October 1975 145 118 nbsp Fiji 17 November 1975 146 119 nbsp Guinea Bissau 1975 147 120 nbsp Tonga 26 January 1976 148 121 nbsp Nauru 27 April 1976 149 122 nbsp Suriname 29 June 1976 150 123 nbsp Mauritius 18 October 1976 151 124 nbsp Vietnam 7 June 1978 152 125 nbsp New Zealand 12 December 1978 153 126 nbsp Solomon Islands 8 March 1979 154 127 nbsp Samoa 12 April 1979 155 128 nbsp Maldives 28 May 1979 156 129 nbsp Papua New Guinea 30 May 1979 157 130 nbsp Cape Verde 24 June 1979 158 131 nbsp Djibouti 25 June 1979 159 132 nbsp Tuvalu 19 July 1979 160 133 nbsp Comoros 22 August 1979 161 134 nbsp Central African Republic 29 January 1980 162 135 nbsp Rwanda 18 February 1980 163 136 nbsp Burundi 30 April 1980 164 137 nbsp Angola 9 July 1980 165 138 nbsp Equatorial Guinea 16 September 1980 166 139 nbsp Lesotho 1980 167 140 nbsp Botswana 20 January 1981 168 141 nbsp Eswatini 20 January 1981 169 142 nbsp Mozambique 20 January 1981 170 143 nbsp Republic of the Congo 9 November 1981 171 144 nbsp Sao Tome and Principe 1981 172 145 nbsp Zimbabwe 2 July 1982 173 nbsp Northern Cyprus 1983 174 146 nbsp Brunei 27 June 1984 175 147 nbsp Belize November 1987 176 148 nbsp Namibia 27 March 1990 177 149 nbsp Lithuania 3 September 1991 178 150 nbsp Latvia 22 October 1991 179 151 nbsp Estonia 23 October 1991 180 nbsp State of Palestine 19 December 1991 181 152 nbsp Kyrgyzstan 23 December 1991 182 153 nbsp Azerbaijan 14 January 1992 183 154 nbsp Tajikistan 29 January 1992 184 155 nbsp Moldova 3 February 1992 185 156 nbsp Turkmenistan 29 February 1992 186 157 nbsp Kazakhstan 2 March 1992 187 158 nbsp Ukraine 3 March 1992 188 159 nbsp Uzbekistan 4 March 1992 189 160 nbsp Belarus 25 March 1992 190 161 nbsp Georgia 21 May 1992 191 162 nbsp Croatia 26 August 1992 192 163 nbsp North Macedonia 26 August 1992 193 164 nbsp Slovenia 26 August 1992 194 165 nbsp Bosnia and Herzegovina 29 August 1992 195 166 nbsp Liechtenstein 2 October 1992 196 167 nbsp South Africa 12 October 1992 197 168 nbsp Slovakia 1 January 1993 198 169 nbsp Eritrea 19 July 1993 199 170 nbsp Cambodia 14 June 1994 200 171 nbsp Seychelles 22 June 1995 201 172 nbsp Vanuatu 14 July 1995 202 173 nbsp Andorra 8 October 1998 203 174 nbsp Antigua and Barbuda June 1999 204 175 nbsp North Korea 27 June 2001 205 176 nbsp Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 4 April 2002 206 177 nbsp East Timor 20 May 2002 207 178 nbsp Saint Lucia 25 May 2005 208 179 nbsp San Marino 12 October 2005 209 180 nbsp Dominica 13 April 2006 210 181 nbsp Palau 2 May 2006 211 182 nbsp Montenegro 3 July 2006 212 183 nbsp Federated States of Micronesia 6 December 2006 213 nbsp Kosovo 18 February 2008 214 184 nbsp Marshall Islands 11 April 2008 215 185 nbsp Kiribati 20 June 2008 216 186 nbsp Monaco 16 September 2008 217 nbsp Cook Islands 20 October 2008 218 187 nbsp Saint Kitts and Nevis 3 June 2010 219 188 nbsp South Sudan 9 July 2011 220 189 nbsp Bhutan 26 September 2012 221 nbsp Niue 7 June 2014 222 Bilateral relations editMultilateral edit Organization Formal Relations Began Notes nbsp European Union See European Union Turkey relations and Accession of Turkey to the European Union nbsp President of the European Commission Ursula von der Leyen and Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan in Vilnius July 2023 nbsp NATO See Turkey in NATO Africa edit There has been a revival in Turkey s relation with Africa after 1998 and civil society is the leading factor in this process 223 Initially this revival came as a passive attempt but after 2005 it became an offensive interest in developing relations with the continent The recent Turkey Africa Cooperation Summit in 2008 marks the latest stage in Turkey s keen interest in developing relations with Africa and should be seen as a turning point 224 Turkey since its involvement in Somalia in 2011 is eager to be considered as a political actor in the continent 225 226 Northern Africa edit Country Region Relations began Notes Free trade agreement nbsp Algeria See Algeria Turkey relations Algeria has an Embassy in Ankara and a Consulate General in Istanbul Turkey has an Embassy in Algiers 227 Trade volume between the two countries was 3 17 billion USD in 2018 Turkish exports imports 2 03 1 14 billion USD 228 213 333 Algerian tourists visited Turkey in 2017 228 Yunus Emre Institute has a local headquarters in Algiers 229 X nbsp Egypt 8 May 1925 230 See Egypt Turkey relations Egypt has an Embassy in Ankara and a Consulate General in Istanbul Turkey has an Embassy in Cairo 231 and a Consulate General in Alexandria 232 Trade volume between the two countries was 5 25 billion USD in 2018 Turkish exports imports 3 06 2 19 billion USD 233 100 971 Egyptian tourists visited Turkey in 2017 233 Yunus Emre Institute has a local headquarters in Cairo since 2010 234 235 nbsp Libya 30 December 1952 236 See Libya Turkey relations Libya has an Embassy in Ankara and a Consulate General in Istanbul Turkey has an Embassy in Tripoli 237 and a Consulate General in Misurata 238 Trade volume between the two countries was 1 87 billion USD in 2018 Turkish exports imports 1 50 0 37 billion USD 239 188 312 Libyan tourists visited Turkey in 2018 239 X nbsp Mauritania 14 April 1970 129 See Mauritania Turkey relations Mauritania has an Embassy in Ankara 240 Turkey has an Embassy in Nouakchott 240 Trade volume between the two countries was 245 million USD in 2019 240 There are direct flights from Istanbul to Nouakchott 240 X nbsp Morocco 17 April 1956 241 See Morocco Turkey relations Morocco has an Embassy in Ankara and a Consulate General in Istanbul Turkey has an Embassy in Rabat 242 Trade volume between the two countries was 2 71 billion USD in 2018 Turkish exports imports 1 99 0 72 billion USD 243 114 155 Moroccan tourists visited Turkey in 2017 243 Yunus Emre Institute has a local headquarters in Rabat 235 nbsp Sudan 20 July 1957 91 See Sudan Turkey relations Sudan has an Embassy in Ankara 91 Turkey has an Embassy in Khartoum 91 Trade volume between the two countries was 434 million USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 361 73 million USD 91 Yunus Emre Institute has a local headquarters in Khartoum X nbsp Tunisia 1956 244 See Tunisia Turkey relations Tunisia has an Embassy in Ankara and a Consulate General in Istanbul Turkey has an Embassy in Tunis 245 Trade volume between the two countries was 1 09 billion USD in 2018 Turkish exports imports 904 182 million USD 246 Yunus Emre Institute has a local headquarters in Tunis 235 Sub Saharan Africa edit Since 2008 Turkey has prioritized friendly relations with Africa partly to build friendly and conflict free relations which was not available in the hostile atmosphere in its neighborhood 247 Capitalizing on a strong sentiment of fellowship among Turkish people towards Africans economic and diplomatic relations with Africa flourished Foreign trade between sub Saharan Africa and Turkey increased from US 581 million 248 in 1998 to US 5 08 249 billion in 2015 Dating back to 1800 Turkey s relations with sub Saharan Africa flourished from the 1860s when the Ottoman Empire started sending trained imams to the region until 1885 when other European colonial powers blocked Ottoman influence 250 Relations were restored in the 1950s 251 and gained momentum when Emperor Haile Selassie visited Turkey in March 1967 and December 1969 252 Since 2008 Turkey has contributed to the region through participation in peacekeeping missions including the UN Mission in Ivory Coast UNOC the Democratic Republic of the Congo Liberia Central African Republic Chad 253 Turkey has also dramatically increased financial aid to the region 248 providing a total of US 6 38 billion to the region just between 2006 and 2011 254 including the 2011 donation of US 200 million to fight the famine in East Africa 253 Country Region Relations began Notes Free trade agreement nbsp Angola 9 July 1980 255 See Angola Turkey relations Angola has an Embassy in Ankara 256 Turkey has an Embassy in Luanda 256 Trade volume between the two countries was 212 million USD in 2019 256 There are direct flights from Istanbul to Luanda since 27 October 2021 257 X nbsp Benin 29 March 1974 258 See Benin Turkey relations Benin closed its embassy in Ankara in 2021 Turkey has an Embassy in Cotonou 259 Trade volume between the two countries was 142 million USD in 2019 259 There are direct flights from Istanbul to Cotonou since 2014 259 X nbsp Botswana 20 January 1981 260 Permanent Representation of Botswana in the UN Geneva Office is also accredited to Turkey Turkey has an Embassy in Gaborone 261 Trade volume between the two countries was 2 9 million USD in 2019 261 X nbsp Burkina Faso 6 April 1970 262 See Burkina Faso Turkey relations Burkina Faso has an Embassy in Ankara 263 Turkey has an Embassy in Ouagadougou 263 Trade volume between the two countries was 52 2 million USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 31 4 20 8 million USD 263 X nbsp Burundi 30 April 1980 264 See Burundi Turkey relations Burundi has an Embassy in Ankara 265 Turkey has an Embassy in Bujumbura 265 Trade volume between the two countries was 3 1 million USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 2 6 0 5 million USD 265 X nbsp Cameroon 9 August 1963 266 See Cameroon Turkey relations Cameroon has an Embassy in Ankara Turkey has an Embassy in Yaounde Trade volume between the two countries was 205 million USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 151 54 million USD 267 There are direct flights from Istanbul to Yaounde X nbsp Cape Verde 24 June 1979 268 See Cape Verde Turkey relations The Turkish ambassador in Dakar to Senegal is also accredited to Cabo Verde 269 Trade volume between the two countries was 9 5 million USD in 2019 269 X nbsp Central African Republic 18 February 1980 270 See Central African Republic Turkey relations Central African Republic has an Honorary Consulate in Istanbul 271 The Turkish ambassador in Yaounde to Cameroon is also accredited to the Central African Republic 271 Trade volume between the two countries was 5 81 million USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 3 84 1 97 million USD 271 X nbsp Chad 27 January 1970 272 See Chad Turkey relations Chad has an Embassy in Ankara 273 Turkey has an Embassy in N Djamena 273 Trade volume between the two countries was 72 4 million USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 39 9 32 5 million USD 273 There are direct flights from Istanbul to N Djamena since 12 December 2013 273 X nbsp Comoros 22 August 1979 274 See Comoros Turkey relations The ambassador of the Comoros in Cairo to Egypt is also accredited to Turkey 275 The Turkish ambassador in Antananarivo to Madagascar is also accredited to the Union of the Comoros 275 Trade volume between the two countries was 21 1 million USD in 2019 275 X nbsp Congo 9 November 1981 171 See Republic of the Congo Turkey relations Congo has an Embassy in Ankara 276 Turkey has an Embassy in Brazzaville 276 Trade volume between the two countries was 57 25 million USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 55 8 1 47 million USD 276 X nbsp Cote d Ivoire 14 July 1964 116 See Ivory Coast Turkey relations Cote d Ivoire has an Embassy in Ankara 277 Turkey has an Embassy in Abidjan 277 Trade volume between the two countries was 409 7 million USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 220 9 188 8 million USD 277 There are direct flights from Istanbul to Abidjan since July 2012 277 X nbsp Democratic Republic of Congo 22 October 1975 145 See Democratic Republic of Congo Turkey relations Democratic Republic of Congo has an Embassy in Ankara 278 Turkey has an Embassy in Kinshasa 278 Trade volume between the two countries was 54 7 million USD in 2019 278 X nbsp Djibouti 25 June 1979 159 See Djibouti Turkey relations Djibouti has an Embassy in Ankara 279 Turkey has an Embassy in Djibouti 279 Trade volume between the two countries was 252 million USD in 2019 279 X nbsp Eritrea 19 July 1993 199 See Eritrea Turkey relations The ambassador of Eritrea in Doha to Qatar is also accredited to Turkey 280 Turkey has an Embassy in Asmara 280 Trade volume between the two countries was 13 9 million USD in 2019 280 X nbsp Equatorial Guinea 16 September 1980 166 See Equatorial Guinea Turkey relations Equatorial Guinea has an Embassy in Ankara 281 Turkey has an Embassy in Malabo 281 Trade volume between the two countries was 23 8 million USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 20 2 3 6 million USD 281 There are direct flights from Istanbul to Malabo since 7 February 2020 281 X nbsp Eswatini 20 January 1981 282 The Embassy of the Eswatini in Brussels to Belgium is also accredited to Turkey 283 The Turkish ambassador in Pretoria to South Africa is also accredited to Eswatini 283 Trade volume between the two countries was 309 thousand USD in 2019 283 X nbsp Ethiopia 30 January 1926 severed in 1936 re established 23 December 1957 284 See Ethiopia Turkey relations Ethiopia has an Embassy in Ankara 285 Turkey has an Embassy in Addis Ababa 285 Trade volume between the two countries was 398 8 million USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 378 3 27 5 million USD 285 X nbsp Gabon 1 February 1963 286 See Gabon Turkey relations Gabon has an Embassy in Ankara 287 Turkey has an Embassy in Libreville 287 Trade volume between the two countries was 38 9 million USD in 2018 287 X nbsp Gambia 1965 118 See Gambia Turkey relations Gambia has an Embassy in Ankara 118 Turkey has an Embassy in Banjul 118 There are direct flights from Istanbul to Banjul since August 2018 118 X nbsp Ghana See Ghana Turkey relations Ghana has an Embassy in Ankara 288 Turkey has an Embassy in Accra 288 Trade volume between the two countries was 353 3 million USD in 2018 288 Pending Ratification 235 nbsp Guinea See Guinea Turkey relations Guinea has an Embassy in Ankara 289 Turkey has an Embassy in Conakry 289 Trade volume between the two countries was 136 7 million USD in 2019 289 There are direct flights from Istanbul to Conakry since 30 January 2017 289 X nbsp Guinea Bissau See Guinea Bissau Turkey relations Guinea Bissau has an embassy in Ankara Turkey has an embassy in Bissau Trade volume between the two countries was 4 95 million USD in 2019 290 X nbsp Kenya 30 March 1968 121 See Kenya Turkey relations Kenya has an Embassy in Ankara 291 Turkey has an Embassy in Nairobi 291 Trade volume between the two countries was 234 million USD in 2019 291 There are direct flights from Istanbul to Nairobi since 20 February 2009 291 X nbsp Lesotho 1980 167 The Embassy of Lesotho in Rome is also accredited to Turkey 292 The Turkish ambassador in Pretoria to South Africa is also accredited to Lesotho 292 Trade volume between the two countries was 1 65 million USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 1 62 0 03 million USD 292 X nbsp Liberia 1 August 1958 95 See Liberia Turkey relations The Embassy of Liberia in Brussels is also accredited to Turkey 293 The Turkish ambassador in Accra to Ghana is also accredited to Liberia 293 Trade volume between the two countries was 191 9 million USD in 2019 293 X nbsp Madagascar See Madagascar Turkey relations Embassy of Madagascar in Rome to Italy is also accredited to Turkey 294 Turkey has an Embassy in Antananarivo 294 Trade volume between the two countries was 76 5 million USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 71 3 5 2 million USD 294 X nbsp Mali 17 April 1963 295 See Mali Turkey relations Mali has an Embassy in Ankara 296 Turkey has an Embassy in Bamako 296 Trade volume between the two countries was 57 million USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 48 4 8 6 million USD 296 X nbsp Malawi 4 August 1969 125 See Malawi Turkey relations The Embassy of Malawi in Berlin to Germany is also accredited to Turkey 297 The Turkish ambassador in Lusaka to Zambia is also accredited to Malawi 297 Trade volume between the two countries was 21 million USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 4 67 16 4 million USD 297 X nbsp Mauritius 18 October 1976 151 See Mauritius Turkey relations The Embassy of Mauritius in Berlin to Germany is also accredited to Turkey 298 The Turkish ambassador in Antananarivo to Madagascar is also accredited to Mauritius 298 Trade volume between the two countries was 76 5 million USD in 2019 298 There are direct flights from Istanbul to Mauritius since 15 December 2015 298 235 nbsp Mozambique 20 January 1981 299 See Mozambique Turkey relations The Embassy of Mozambique in Rome to Italy is also accredited to Turkey 300 Turkey has an Embassy in Maputo 300 Trade volume between the two countries was 153 million USD in 2019 300 X nbsp Namibia 27 March 1990 177 See Namibia Turkey relations Turkey has an Embassy in Windhoek 301 Trade volume between the two countries was 11 84 million USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 9 40 2 44 million USD 301 X nbsp Niger 30 March 1967 119 See Niger Turkey relations Niger has an Embassy in Ankara 302 Turkey has an Embassy in Niamey 302 Trade volume between the two countries was 72 million USD in 2019 302 X nbsp Nigeria 16 February 1961 303 See Nigeria Turkey relations Nigeria has an Embassy in Ankara 304 Turkey has an Embassy in Abuja 304 Trade volume between the two countries was 726 million USD in 2019 304 There are direct flights from Istanbul to Abuja Lagos and Port Harcourt 304 X nbsp Rwanda 18 February 1980 305 See Rwanda Turkey relations Rwanda has an Embassy in Ankara 306 Turkey has an Embassy in Kigali 306 Trade volume between the two countries was 32 4 million USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 32 2 0 2 million USD 306 X nbsp Sao Tome and Principe The Embassy of Sao Tome and Principe in Lisbon is also accredited to Turkey 307 The Turkish ambassador in Libreville to Gabon is also accredited to Sao Tome and Principe 307 Trade volume between the two countries was 2 3 million USD in 2019 307 X nbsp Senegal 17 October 1963 308 See Senegal Turkey relations Senegal has an Embassy in Ankara 309 Turkey has an Embassy in Dakar 309 Trade volume between the two countries was 292 million USD in 2019 309 There are direct flights from Istanbul to Dakar 309 Yunus Emre Institute has a local headquarters in Dakar X nbsp Seychelles 22 June 1995 310 See Seychelles Turkey relations The Embassy of Seychelles in Paris is also accredited to Turkey 311 The Turkish ambassador in Nairobi to Kenya is also accredited to the Seychelles 311 Trade volume between the two countries was 25 4 million USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 17 7 7 7 million USD 311 X nbsp Sierra Leone 15 February 1971 130 See Sierra Leone Turkey relations Sierra Leone has an Embassy in Ankara 312 Turkey has an Embassy in Freetown 312 Trade volume between the two countries was 53 4 million USD in 2019 312 There are direct flights from Istanbul to Freetown 312 X nbsp Somalia 13 December 1965 117 See Somalia Turkey relations Somalia has an Embassy in Ankara 313 Turkey has an Embassy in Mogadishu and a Consulate General in Hargeisa 313 Trade volume between the two countries was 250 8 million USD in 2019 313 Yunus Emre Institute has a local headquarters in Mogadishu X nbsp South Africa 12 October 1992 314 See South Africa Turkey relations South Africa has an Embassy in Ankara 315 Turkey has an Embassy in Pretoria 315 Trade volume between the two countries was 1 3 billion USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 552 5 757 5 million USD 315 There are direct flights from Istanbul to Cape Town and Durban since 2015 315 3 600 Turkish citizens reside in South Africa 315 Yunus Emre Institute has a local headquarters in Johannesburg X nbsp South Sudan 9 July 2011 220 See South Sudan Turkey relations South Sudan has an Embassy in Ankara 316 Turkey has an Embassy in Juba 316 Trade volume between the two countries was 3 2 million USD in 2019 316 X nbsp Tanzania 5 July 1963 317 See Tanzania Turkey relations Tanzania has an Embassy in Ankara 318 Turkey has an Embassy in Dar es Salaam 318 Trade volume between the two countries was 151 million USD in 2015 318 There are direct flights from Istanbul to Dar es Salaam and Kilimanjaro since 2010 318 X nbsp Togo 6 December 1962 319 See Togo Turkey relations Turkey has an Embassy in Lome planned 320 Trade volume between the two countries was 106 million USD in 2019 320 X nbsp Uganda 18 September 1969 126 See Turkey Uganda relations Uganda has an Embassy in Ankara 321 Turkey has an Embassy in Kampala 321 Trade volume between the two countries was 40 million USD in 2018 321 X nbsp Zambia 25 February 1971 131 See Turkey Zambia relations Zambia has an Embassy in Ankara 322 Turkey has an Embassy in Lusaka 322 Trade volume between the two countries was 23 7 million USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 17 8 5 9 million USD 322 There are direct flights from Istanbul to Lusaka since 14 December 2018 322 X nbsp Zimbabwe 2 July 1982 173 See Turkey Zimbabwe relations Zimbabwe has an Embassy in Ankara 323 Turkey has an Embassy in Harare 323 Trade volume between the two countries was 17 7 million USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 5 9 11 8 million USD 323 X Americas edit Southern Cone edit Country Region Relations began Notes Free trade agreement nbsp Argentina 29 June 1926 55 See Argentina Turkey relations nbsp President Erdogan with then president Mauricio Macri in Buenos Aires Argentina has an Embassy in Ankara Turkey has an Embassy in Buenos Aires Both countries are members of G20 and WTO Flights from Istanbul to Buenos Aires via Sao Paulo commenced in December 2013 and are taking place on a daily basis 324 Trade volume between the two countries was 455 million USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 161 294 million USD 324 64 483 Argentine tourists visited Turkey in 2019 X nbsp Chile 30 January 1926 53 See Chile Turkey relations nbsp President Erdogan and Sebastian Pinera Chile has an Embassy in Ankara Turkey has an Embassy in Santiago Both countries are members of OECD and WTO Chile Turkey Free Trade Agreement was signed on 14 July 2009 and is in effect since 1 March 2011 325 Trade volume between the two countries was 579 million USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 344 236 million USD 325 18 509 Chilean tourists visited Turkey in 2019 Chile was the first country in Latin America that recognized Turkey 235 nbsp Paraguay 11 September 1953 87 See Paraguay Turkey relations Paraguay has an Embassy in Ankara 326 Turkey has an Embassy in Asuncion 326 Trade volume between the two countries was 82 1 million USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 47 1 35 million USD 326 1 328 Paraguayan tourists visited Turkey in 2019 X nbsp Uruguay 8 December 1933 60 See Turkey Uruguay relations Uruguay has an embassy in Ankara and a consulate general in Istanbul 327 Turkey has an Embassy in Montevideo 327 Trade volume between the two countries was 341 4 million USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 42 8 298 6 million USD 327 7 191 Uruguayan tourists visited Turkey in 2019 X North America edit Country Relations began Notes Free trade agreement nbsp Canada 25 November 1943 61 See Canada Turkey relations Canada has an Embassy in Ankara and a Consulate General in Istanbul Turkey has an Embassy in Ottawa and Consulates General in Montreal Toronto and Vancouver Both countries are members of OECD G20 NATO and WTO There are direct flights from Istanbul to Toronto Montreal and Vancouver starting in December 2020 328 Trade volume between the two countries was 2 46 billion USD in 2019 328 139 164 Canadian tourists visited Turkey in 2019 Around 65 000 people of Turkish origin live in Canada 328 X nbsp Mexico 12 July 1928 58 See Mexico Turkey relations nbsp President Erdogan visiting Mexico with former Mexican President Enrique Pena Nieto Mexico has an embassy in Ankara 329 and a consulate in Istanbul 330 Turkey has an embassy in Mexico City 331 Both countries are members of OECD G20 and WTO Flights from Istanbul to Mexico City and Cancun were launched in August 2019 332 Trade volume between the two countries was 1 3 billion USD USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 602 678 million USD 332 66 557 Mexican tourists visited Turkey in 2019 Yunus Emre Institute has a local headquarters in Mexico City X nbsp United States 13 September 1831 relations broke off 20 April 1917 re established 17 February 1927 333 See Turkey United States relations nbsp Presidents Erdogan and Trump with the First Ladies United States has an Embassy in Ankara a Consulate General in Istanbul and a Consulate in Adana Turkey has an Embassy in Washington D C and Consulates General in Boston Chicago Houston Los Angeles Miami and New York City Both countries are members of OECD G20 NATO and WTO There are direct flights from Istanbul to Atlanta Boston Chicago Dallas Houston Los Angeles Miami Newark San Francisco Seattle starts 9 March 2022 and Washington D C 578 074 American tourists visited Turkey in 2019 Yunus Emre Institute has a local headquarters in Washington D C Following its NATO membership in 1952 and subsequent hosting of the United States Air Force in Incirlik Air Base Turkey became the bulwark of NATO s southeastern flank the directly bordering Warsaw Pact countries Turkey participated with the United States during the Korean War of the early 1950s and the Gulf War of 1990 X Caribbean edit Country Region Relations began Notes Free trade agreement nbsp Antigua and Barbuda June 1999 204 The Turkish ambassador in Santo Domingo to the Dominican Republic is also accredited to Antigua and Barbuda 334 Trade volume between the two countries was 12 5 million USD in 2019 334 X nbsp Bahamas 5 November 1974 143 See Bahamas Turkey relations The Turkish ambassador in Havana to Cuba is also accredited to the Commonwealth of the Bahamas 335 Trade volume between the two countries was 86 1 million USD in 2019 335 X nbsp Barbados 20 September 1972 135 The Turkish ambassador in Port of Spain to Trinidad and Tobago is also accredited to Barbados 336 Trade volume between the two countries was 8 5 million USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 8 45 0 05 million USD 336 X nbsp Cuba 25 November 1952 84 See Cuba Turkey relations Turkey has an Embassy in Havana 337 Trade volume between the two countries was 54 7 million USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 42 9 11 8 million USD 337 The Ottoman Empire Embassy to Cuba opened in 1873 338 X nbsp Dominica 13 April 2006 339 The Turkish ambassador in Santo Domingo to the Dominican Republic is also accredited to Dominica 340 Trade volume between the two countries was 1 6 million USD in 2019 340 X nbsp Dominican Republic 28 November 1951 341 See Dominican Republic Turkey relations Turkey has an Embassy in Santo Domingo 342 Trade volume between the two countries was 132 7 million USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 118 6 14 1 million USD 342 X nbsp Grenada 8 May 1975 144 The Turkish ambassador in Port of Spain to Trinidad and Tobago is also accredited to Grenada 343 Trade volume between the two countries was 910 thousand USD in 2019 343 X nbsp Haiti 1950 344 See Haiti Turkey relations The Turkish ambassador in Santo Domingo to the Dominican Republic is also accredited to Haiti 344 Trade volume between the two countries was 129 7 million USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 128 9 0 8 million USD 344 X nbsp Jamaica 30 March 1971 132 See Jamaica Turkey relations The Turkish ambassador in Havana to Cuba is also accredited to Jamaica 345 Trade volume between the two countries was 90 5 million USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 90 0 5 million USD 345 X nbsp St Kitts and Nevis The Turkish ambassador in Santo Domingo to the Dominican Republic is also accredited to St Kitts and Nevis 346 Trade volume between the two countries was 5 9 million USD in 2019 346 X nbsp St Lucia 25 May 2005 208 The Turkish ambassador in Port of Spain to Trinidad and Tobago is also accredited to St Lucia 347 Trade volume between the two countries was 3 million USD in 2019 347 X nbsp St Vincent and Grenadines 4 April 2002 348 See Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Turkey relations The Turkish ambassador in Port of Spain to Trinidad and Tobago is also accredited to St Vincent and Grenadines 349 Trade volume between the two countries was 11 3 million USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 4 8 6 5 million USD 349 X nbsp Trinidad and Tobago 22 May 1972 134 See Trinidad and Tobago Turkey relations Turkey has an Embassy in Port of Spain 350 Trade volume between the two countries was 120 8 million USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 68 4 52 4 million USD 350 X Central America edit Country Region Relations began Notes Free trade agreement nbsp Belize November 1987 351 See Belize Turkey relations The Turkish ambassador in Port of Spain to Trinidad and Tobago is also accredited to Belize 352 Trade volume between the two countries was 13 7 million USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 10 1 3 6 million USD 352 X nbsp Costa Rica 21 September 1950 77 See Costa Rica Turkey relations Costa Rica has an Embassy in Ankara 353 Turkey has an Embassy in San Jose 353 Trade volume between the two countries was 100 million USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 58 9 41 8 million USD 353 X nbsp El Salvador 21 September 1950 78 El Salvador has an embassy in Ankara Turkey has an embassy in San Salvador Trade volume between the two countries was 17 1 million USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 14 8 2 3 million USD 354 X nbsp Guatemala 1952 355 See Guatemala Turkey relations Guatemala has an Embassy in Ankara and an Honorary Consulate in Istanbul 356 Turkey has an Embassy in Guatemala City 356 Trade volume between the two countries was 63 5 million USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 53 5 10 million USD 356 X nbsp Honduras 4 April 1950 73 The Turkish ambassador in Guatemala City to Guatemala is also accredited to Honduras 357 Trade volume between the two countries was 19 8 million USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 15 4 8 million USD 357 X nbsp Nicaragua 21 September 1950 78 See Nicaragua Turkey relations The Turkish ambassador in San Jose to Costa Rica is also accredited to Nicaragua 358 Nicaraguan Embassy in Berlin to Germany is also accredited to Turkey 358 Trade volume between the two countries was 11 6 million USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 11 1 0 5 million USD 358 X nbsp Panama 14 April 1950 74 See Panama Turkey relations Panama has an Embassy in Ankara 359 Turkey has an Embassy in Panama 359 Trade volume between the two countries was 260 9 million USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 248 8 12 1 million USD 359 X Latin America rest of edit Country Region Relations began Notes Free trade agreement nbsp Bolivia 26 July 1950 75 See Bolivia Turkey relations Turkey has an Embassy in La Paz 360 Trade volume between the two countries was 130 million USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 22 108 million USD 360 2 491 Bolivian tourists visited Turkey in 2019 X nbsp Brazil 8 September 1927 361 See Brazil Turkey relations nbsp Prime Minister Erdogan meets with President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva Brazil has an Embassy in Ankara and a Consulate General in Istanbul 362 Turkey has an Embassy in Brasilia and a Consulate General in Sao Paulo 362 Both countries are members of G20 and WTO There are daily direct flights from Istanbul to Sao Paulo 362 Trade volume between the two countries was 3 1 billion USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 0 48 2 6 billion USD 362 101 164 Brazilian tourists visited Turkey in 2019 X nbsp Colombia 10 April 1959 99 See Colombia Turkey relations Colombia has an Embassy in Ankara Turkey has an Embassy in Bogota Both countries are members of OECD and WTO Flights from Istanbul to Bogota commenced in May 2016 Trade volume between the two countries was 1 7 billion USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 0 25 1 46 billion USD 363 70 974 Colombian tourists visited Turkey in 2019 X nbsp Ecuador 11 December 1959 364 365 See Ecuador Turkey relations Ecuador has an Embassy in Ankara and a Consulate General in Istanbul Turkey has an Embassy in Quito and a Consulate General in Guayaquil Trade volume between the two countries was 117 million USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 59 58 million USD 366 8 416 Ecuadorian tourists visited Turkey in 2019 X nbsp Guyana 2 May 1973 139 The Turkish ambassador in Port of Spain to Trinidad and Tobago is also accredited to Guyana 367 Trade volume between the two countries was 29 6 million USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 28 6 1 million USD 367 X nbsp Peru 1952 368 See Peru Turkey relations Peru has an Embassy in Ankara and a Consulate General in Istanbul 369 Turkey has an Embassy in Lima 369 Trade volume between the two countries was 250 million USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 177 4 72 6 million USD 369 11 430 Peruvian tourists visited Turkey in 2019 X nbsp Suriname 29 June 1976 370 See Suriname Turkey relations The Turkish ambassador in Port of Spain to Trinidad and Tobago is also accredited to Suriname 371 Trade volume between the two countries was 18 2 million USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 18 1 0 1 million USD 371 X nbsp Venezuela 29 December 1950 citation needed See Turkey Venezuela relations Turkey has an Embassy in Caracas and an Honorary Consulate in Maracaibo 372 Venezuela has an Embassy in Ankara and a Consulate General in Istanbul Trade volume between the two countries was 150 million USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 130 20 million USD 372 X Asia and Oceania edit Turkic states edit Country Region Relations began Notes Free trade agreement nbsp Azerbaijan 14 Jan 1992 373 See Azerbaijan Turkey relations Azerbaijan has an Embassy in Ankara and Consulates General in Istanbul and Kars and Consular Mission in Igdir 373 Turkey has an Embassy in Baku and Consulates General in Nakhchivan and Ganja 373 Both countries are members of Asia Cooperation Dialogue Council of Europe Economic Cooperation Organization International Organization of Turkic Culture OIC TAKM Turkic Council TURKPA Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation and OSCE Trade volume between the two countries was 4 18 billion USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 1 63 2 55 billion USD 374 901 723 Azeri tourists visited Turkey in 2019 Azerbaijan Turkey relations have been described as one nation with two states due to a common culture and the mutual intelligibility of Turkish and Azerbaijani Turkey became the first state to recognize the Republic of Azerbaijan in November 1991 373 Yunus Emre Institute has a local branch in Baku X nbsp Kazakhstan 2 March 1992 375 See Kazakhstan Turkey relations Kazakhstan has an Embassy in Ankara and a Consulate General in Istanbul Turkey has an Embassy in Nur Sultan and a Consulate General in Almaty Both countries are members of Asia Cooperation Dialogue Economic Cooperation Organization International Organization of Turkic Culture OIC TAKM Turkic Council TURKPA OSCE and WTO Trade volume between the two countries was 3 9 billion USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 0 9 3 billion USD 376 455 724 Kazakh tourists visited Turkey in 2019 Turkey became the first state to recognize the Republic of Kazakhstan 375 Yunus Emre Institute has a local branch in Nur Sultan X nbsp Kyrgyzstan 29 Jan 1992 377 See Kyrgyzstan Turkey relations Kyrgyzstan has an Embassy in Ankara 377 Turkey has an Embassy in Bishkek 377 Both countries are members of Asia Cooperation Dialogue Economic Cooperation Organization International Organization of Turkic Culture OIC TAKM Turkic Council TURKPA OSCE and WTO Trade volume between the two countries was 519 million USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 442 77 million USD 378 121 364 Kyrgyz tourists visited Turkey in 2019 Turkey became the first state to recognize the Republic of Kyrgyzstan 379 X nbsp Turkmenistan 29 Feb 1992 380 See Turkey Turkmenistan relations Turkmenistan has an Embassy in Ankara Turkey has an Embassy in Ashgabat Both countries are members of Economic Cooperation Organization International Organization of Turkic Culture and OIC Trade volume between the two countries was 1 35 billion USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 745 601 million USD 381 297 706 Turkmen tourists visited Turkey in 2019 Turkey became the first state to recognize the Republic of Turkmenistan on 27 October 1991 380 X nbsp Uzbekistan 4 March 1992 382 See Turkey Uzbekistan relations Uzbekistan has an Embassy in Ankara and a Consulate General in Istanbul Turkey has an Embassy in Tashkent Both countries are members of Asia Cooperation Dialogue Economic Cooperation Organization International Organization of Turkic Culture OIC TAKM Turkic Council TURKPA OSCE and WTO Trade volume between the two countries was 2 3 billion USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 1 23 1 14 billion USD 383 252 138 Uzbek tourists visited Turkey in 2019 X Asia Pacific edit Country Region Relations began Notes Free trade agreement nbsp Afghanistan 1 March 1921 384 See Afghanistan Turkey relations Afghanistan has an Embassy in Ankara and a Consulate General in Istanbul Turkey has an Embassy in Kabul and Consulates General in Kandahar and Mazar e Sharif Both countries are members of Asia Cooperation Dialogue Economic Cooperation Organization OIC and WTO Trade volume between the two countries was 180 million USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 24 156 million USD 385 Yunus Emre Institute has a local branch in Kabul X nbsp Australia 1967 386 See Australia Turkey relations Australia has an Embassy in Ankara and a Consulates General in Istanbul and Canakkale 386 Turkey has an Embassy in Canberra and Consulates General in Melbourne and Sydney 386 Both countries are members of G20 MIKTA OECD and WTO 386 Trade volume between the two countries was 1 66 billion USD in 2015 Turkish exports imports 521 6 544 8 million USD 387 120 837 Australian tourists visited Turkey in 2019 150 thousand Turkish citizens reside in Australia 386 Yunus Emre Institute has a local branch in Melbourne X nbsp Bangladesh See Bangladesh Turkey relations Bangladesh has an Embassy in Ankara 388 Turkey has an Embassy in Dhaka 388 Both countries are members of OIC 388 Trade volume between the two countries was 934 million USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 427 509 million USD 389 X nbsp Bhutan 26 September 2012 390 Bhutan and Turkey cooperate through their respective embassies in New Delhi 391 Trade volume between the two countries was 1 58 million USD in 2018 Turkish exports imports 0 1 1 48 million USD 392 X nbsp Brunei Darussalam 27 June 1984 393 See Brunei Turkey relations Brunei Darussalam has an Embassy in Ankara 394 Turkey has an Embassy in Bandar Seri Begawan 394 Both countries are members of OIC Trade volume between the two countries was 4 88 billion USD in 2015 Turkish exports imports 4882 16 million USD 395 X nbsp Cambodia 1959 396 See Cambodia Turkey relations Cambodia has an Embassy in Ankara Turkey has an Embassy in Phnom Penh Trade volume between the two countries was 108 4 million USD in 2015 Turkish exports imports 13 7 94 7 million USD 397 X nbsp China 1971 398 See China Turkey relations China has an Embassy in Ankara and Consulates General in Istanbul and Izmir 398 Turkey has an Embassy in Beijing and Consulates General in Guangzhou 399 Hong Kong 400 and Shanghai 401 Both countries are members of G20 and WTO Trade volume between the two countries was 21 08 billion USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 2 58 18 49 billion USD 402 426 344 Chinese tourists visited Turkey in 2019 402 There are direct flights from Istanbul to Beijing Chengdu Guangzhou Hong Kong and Shanghai 402 X nbsp Cook Islands 28 Oct 2008 403 The Turkish ambassador in Wellington to New Zealand is also accredited to the Cook Islands 403 Trade volume between the two countries was negligible in 2019 403 X nbsp East Timor 20 May 2002 404 See East Timor Turkey relations The Turkish ambassador in Jakarta to Indonesia is also accredited to East Timor 404 Trade volume between the two countries was negligible in 2018 404 X nbsp Fiji 17 Dec 1975 405 The Turkish ambassador in Wellington to New Zealand is also accredited to Fiji 405 Trade volume between the two countries was negligible in 2018 405 X nbsp India 15 Aug 1947 68 See India Turkey relations nbsp Prime Minister Erdogan meets with Narendra Modi in India India has an Embassy in Ankara and a Consulate General in Istanbul Turkey has an Embassy in New Delhi and Consulates General in Hyderabad and Mumbai 68 Both countries are members of G20 and WTO Trade volume between the two countries was 7 80 billion USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 1 17 6 64 billion USD 406 230 131 Indian tourists visited Turkey in 2019 X nbsp Indonesia 1950 407 See Indonesia Turkey relations Indonesia has an Embassy in Ankara 408 Turkey has an Embassy in Jakarta 408 Both countries are members of D 8 G20 MIKTA OIC and WTO Trade volume between the two countries was 1 85 billion USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 0 21 1 64 billion USD 409 127 149 Indonesian tourists visited Turkey in 2019 2 400 Indonesian citizens reside in Turkey 408 X nbsp Japan 1890 410 See Japan Turkey relations Japan has an Embassy in Ankara and a Consulate General in Istanbul Turkey has an Embassy in Tokyo 411 and a Consulate General in Nagoya 412 Both countries are members of G20 OECD and WTO Trade volume between the two countries was 4 02 billion USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 0 5 3 52 billion USD 413 103 320 Japanese tourists visited Turkey in 2019 Yunus Emre Institute has a local branch in Tokyo X nbsp Kiribati 2008 414 The Turkish ambassador in Canberra to Australia is also accredited to Kiribati 414 Trade volume between the two countries was negligible in 2018 414 X nbsp Laos 1958 415 See Laos Turkey relations The Embassy of Laos in Vienna is also accredited to Turkey 415 Turkey has an Embassy in Vientiane 415 Trade volume between the two countries was 2 92 billion USD in 2018 Turkish exports imports 1 44 1 48 billion USD 416 X nbsp Maldives 1979 417 See Maldives Turkey relations The Permanent Mission of the Republic of Maldives to the United Nations Office in Geneva is also accredited to Turkey 417 The Turkish ambassador in New Delhi to India is also accredited to the Maldives 417 Both countries are members of OIC 417 Trade volume between the two countries was 46 5 million USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 28 2 18 3 million USD 418 There are direct flights from Istanbul to Male since 24 November 2012 X nbsp Malaysia 1964 419 See Malaysia Turkey relations Malaysia has an Embassy in Ankara Turkey has an Embassy in Kuala Lumpur Both countries are members of D 8 OIC and WTO Trade volume between the two countries was 1 70 billion USD in 2015 Turkish exports imports 0 36 1 34 billion USD 420 114 214 Malaysian tourists visited Turkey in 2019 Yunus Emre Institute has a local branch in Kuala Lumpur nbsp Marshall Islands 9 April 2008 421 See Marshall Islands Turkey relations Turkish ambassador in Canberra to Australia is also accredited to the Marshall Islands 421 Marshall Islands has an Honorary Consulate in Istanbul 421 Trade volume between the two countries was negligible in 2018 421 X nbsp Micronesia 6 August 2007 422 The Turkish ambassador in Canberra to Australia is also accredited to Micronesia 423 Trade volume between the two countries was negligible in 2018 423 X nbsp Mongolia 24 June 1969 424 See Mongolia Turkey relations Mongolia has an Embassy in Ankara Turkey has an Embassy in Ulaanbaatar Both countries are members of Asia Cooperation Dialogue and WTO Trade volume between the two countries was 39 7 million USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 39 2 0 5 million USD 425 X nbsp Myanmar 1958 426 See Myanmar Turkey relations The Burmese Embassy in Cairo to Egypt is also accredited to Turkey 426 Turkey has an Embassy in Yangon 426 Trade volume between the two countries was 38 7 million USD in 2015 Turkish exports imports 30 7 8 million USD 427 X nbsp Nauru The Turkish ambassador in Canberra to Australia is also accredited to Nauru 428 Trade volume between the two countries was negligible in 2018 428 X nbsp New Zealand 12 December 1978 429 See New Zealand Turkey relations New Zealand has an Embassy in Ankara 430 Turkey has an Embassy in Wellington 430 Both countries are members of OECD and WTO Trade volume between the two countries was 152 8 million USD in 2015 Turkish exports imports 90 1 62 7 million USD 431 20 912 New Zealanders visited Turkey in 2019 1 700 Turkish citizens reside in New Zealand 430 X nbsp Niue 7 June 2014 432 Trade volume between the two countries was negligible in 2018 X nbsp North Korea 15 Jan 2001 433 See North Korea Turkey relations The Embassy of North Korea in Sofia is also accredited to Turkey 433 The ambassador in Seoul to South Korea is also accredited to North Korea 433 Trade volume between the two countries was negligible in 2018 433 X nbsp Pakistan 1947 434 See Pakistan Turkey relations Pakistan has an Embassy in Ankara and a Consulate General in Istanbul Turkey has an Embassy in Islamabad 435 and Consulates General in Karachi 436 and Lahore 437 Both countries are members of Asia Cooperation Dialogue Economic Cooperation Organization OIC and WTO Trade volume between the two countries was 856 million USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 550 306 million USD 438 130 736 Pakistani tourists visited Turkey in 2019 Yunus Emre Institute has local branches in Karachi and Lahore X nbsp Palau 10 May 2007 439 Turkish ambassador in Tokyo to Japan is also accredited to Palau 439 Trade volume between the two countries was 3 7 million USD in 2014 439 X nbsp Papua New Guinea 30 May 1979 440 Papua New Guinea has an Honorary Consulate in Istanbul 440 The Turkish ambassador in Canberra is also accredited to Papua New Guinea 440 Trade volume between the two countries was negligible in 2018 440 X nbsp Philippines 13 June 1949 441 See Philippines Turkey relations Philippines has an Embassy in Ankara 441 Turkey has an Embassy in Manila 441 Trade volume between the two countries was 219 7 million USD in 2015 Turkish exports imports 104 115 7 million USD 442 139 126 Filipino tourists visited Turkey in 2019 2 200 Philippine nationals are residing in Turkey 441 There are direct flights from Istanbul to Manila since March 2015 441 X nbsp Samoa 12 April 1979 443 See Samoa Turkey relations The Turkish ambassador in Wellington to New Zealand is also accredited to Samoa 443 Trade volume between the two countries was negligible in 2018 443 X nbsp Singapore 12 Feb 1969 444 See Singapore Turkey relations Singapore has an Embassy in Ankara 444 Turkey has an Embassy in Singapore 444 Trade volume between the two countries was 808 million USD in 2015 Turkish exports imports 443 365 million USD 445 34 930 Singaporean tourists visited Turkey in 2019 There are direct flights from Istanbul to Singapore 444 nbsp Solomon Islands 8 Mar 1979 446 See Solomon Islands Turkey relations The Turkish ambassador in Canberra to Australia is also accredited to Solomon Islands since 8 March 1979 446 Trade volume between the two countries was negligible in 2018 X nbsp South Korea 11 Aug 1949 447 See South Korea Turkey relations South Korea has an Embassy in Ankara 447 Turkey has an Embassy in Seoul 447 Both countries are members of G20 MIKTA OECD and WTO Trade volume between the two countries was 6 53 billion USD in 2018 Turkish exports imports 0 88 5 64 billion USD 448 212 970 South Korean tourists visited Turkey in 2019 448 Free Trade Agreement between the two countries entered into force on 1 May 2013 and was updated on 1 August 2018 to include an Investment Agreement 448 Turkey ranks third in number of martyrs among the 16 countries that participated in the Korean War United Nations Memorial Cemetery in Busan honors 462 of the 966 Turkish soldiers who died during the war Yunus Emre Institute has a local branch in Seoul nbsp Sri Lanka 4 Feb 1948 449 See Sri Lanka Turkey relations Sri Lanka has an Embassy in Ankara 449 Turkey has an Embassy in Colombo 449 Trade volume between the two countries was 185 7 million USD in 2018 Turkish exports imports 84 3 101 4 million USD 450 X nbsp Taiwan Started in 1934 Ended in 1971 See Taiwan Turkey relations Diplomatic recognition was withdrawn in 1971 by the establishment of diplomatic relations between Turkey and China X nbsp Tajikistan 29 Jan 1992 451 See Tajikistan Turkey relations Tajikistan has an Embassy in Ankara Turkey has an Embassy in Dushanbe Both countries are members of Asia Cooperation Dialogue Economic Cooperation Organization OIC and WTO Trade volume between the two countries was 274 million USD in 2019 Turkish exports imports 143 131 million USD 452 44 155 Tajik tourists visited Turkey in 2019 X nbsp Thailand 1958 453 See Thailand Turkey relations Thailand has an Embassy in Ankara 453 Turkey has an Embassy in Bangkok 453 Trade volume between the two countries was 1 34 billion USD in 2018 Turkish exports imports 0 26 1 09 billion USD 454 62 192 Thai tourists visited Turkey in 2019 Negotiations on a bilateral Free Trade Agreement FTA began in 2017 453 There are direct flights from Istanbul to Bangkok and Phuket 453 X nbsp Tonga 26 Jan 1976 455 See Tonga Turkey relations The Turkish ambassador in Wellington to New Zealand is also accredited to Tonga since 26 January 1976 455 Trade volume between the two countries was negligible in 2018 455 X nbsp Tuvalu 19 July 1979 456 The Turkish ambassador in Wellington to New Zealand is also accredited to Tuvalu 456 Trade volume between the two countries was negligible in 2018 456 X nbsp Vanuatu 10 April 1987 457 Turkish ambassador in Canberra to Australia is also accredited to Vanuatu 457 Vanuatu has an Honorary Consulate in Istanbul 457 Trade volume between the two countries was 17 4 million USD in 2018 Turkish exports imports 10 3 7 1 million USD 457 X nbsp Vietnam 1978 458 See Turkey Vietnam relations Vietnam has an Embassy in Ankara 458 Turkey has an Embassy in Hanoi 458 Trade volume between the two countries was 1 91 billion USD in 2015 Turkish exports imports 0 16 1 76 billion USD 459 There are direct flights from Istanbul to Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City since 27 June 2016 458 td, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
