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Mauricio Macri

November 26, 2023

Mauricio Macri (Spanish pronunciation: [mawˈɾisjo ˈmakɾi] ⓘ; born 8 February 1959[1]) is an Argentine businessman and politician who served as the President of Argentina from 2015 to 2019.[2] He has been the leader of the Republican Proposal (PRO) party since its founding in 2005. He previously served as 5th Chief of Government of Buenos Aires from 2007 to 2015, and was a member of the Chamber of Deputies representing Buenos Aires from 2005 to 2007. Ideologically, he identifies himself as a liberal and conservative on the Argentine centre-right.[3][4][5]

Mauricio Macri
Official portrait, 2015
President of Argentina
In office
10 December 2015 – 10 December 2019
Vice PresidentGabriela Michetti
Preceded byCristina Fernández de Kirchner
Succeeded byAlberto Fernández
President pro tempore of the Union of South American Nations
In office
17 April 2017 – 17 April 2018
Preceded byNicolás Maduro
Succeeded byEvo Morales
5th Chief of Government of Buenos Aires
In office
10 December 2007 – 10 December 2015
DeputyGabriela Michetti
María Eugenia Vidal
Preceded byJorge Telerman
Succeeded byHoracio Rodríguez Larreta
National Deputy
In office
10 December 2005 – 18 July 2007
Succeeded byJulián Obiglio
ConstituencyCity of Buenos Aires
Personal details
Born (1959-02-08) 8 February 1959 (age 64)
Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Political partyRepublican Proposal (PRO) (2008–present)
Other political
affiliations		Commitment to Change (2003–2008)
Juntos por el Cambio (2015–present)
Spouses
Ivonne Bordeu
​
​
(m. 1981; div. 1991)​
Isabel Menditeguy
​
​
(m. 1994; div. 2005)​
​
(m. 2010)​
Children4
Parent
Alma materPontifical Catholic University of Argentina
Columbia University
ProfessionCivil engineer
Signature
WebsiteOfficial website

Born in Tandil, Macri trained as a civil engineer at the Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina and attended Columbia University for business school. After embarking on a business career, he was kidnapped in 1991. The experience prompted him to enter politics, after being released by his captors. He served as president of football club Boca Juniors from 1994 to 2007, reestablishing its profitability which raised his public profile. In 2003 he launched the Commitment for Change, eventually developing it into the modern PRO party. Following an unsuccessful bid for Chief of Government of Buenos Aires in 2003, Macri was elected in 2007 and won re-election in 2011. Four years later he was elected president of Argentina in the 2015 general election – the first presidential runoff ballotage in Argentine history.

The presidency of Macri focused on reforming the national economy and improving diplomatic relations. He moved from a fixed exchange-rate system to a floating one, and removed taxes on exports and reduced subsidies on energy to reduce the fiscal deficit.[6][7][8] He aligned the country with gradualist neoliberalism and re-opened Argentina to international markets by lifting currency controls (which he reinstated shortly before his term ended), restructuring sovereign debt, and pressing free-market solutions. Domestically, he pursued moderate socially liberal policies, and liberalized the energy sector.

Macri strongly opposed the government of Nicolás Maduro in Venezuela for human rights abuses and called for a restoration of democracy in the country.[9] He recognized Juan Guaidó, who was elected President of Venezuela by the National Assembly during the Venezuelan presidential crisis of 2019.[10] Macri improved the relations with the United States[11] and from Mercosur achieved a free trade agreement with the European Union[12] and closer ties with the Pacific Alliance.[13] During the first week in office, Macri annulled the Memorandum of understanding between Argentina and Iran, which would have established a joint investigation into the 1994 bombing with AMIA, a terrorist attack on a Jewish organization for which Argentina blamed Hezbollah and Iran.[14]

His legislative pursuits varied in efficacy and received mixed reception from Argentines and globally. His presidency has been praised for leaving a legacy of anti-corruption[15] and increasing Argentina's sovereign marketability,[16][17] but has been criticized for failing to materially reform the economy,[18][19] falling short of containing inflation,[20][21] and building up external debt.[22] Real wages declined[23] during his term in office and a large number of small and medium-sized companies went out of business.[24] In the 2019 general election, he became the first incumbent president in Argentina to lose reelection to a second term and was defeated by Alberto Fernandez.

Early life, education and early career

Macri was born in Tandil in the province of Buenos Aires, the son of Italian-born tycoon Francesco "Franco" Macri (owner of the Philco affiliate in Argentina) and Alicia Blanco-Villegas Cinque.[25] The family moved to Buenos Aires a short time later, and kept their houses in Tandil as vacation properties.[25] His father, and his uncle Jorge Blanco Villegas, influenced Macri to become a businessman, and Franco expected his son to succeed him as leader of his firms. Macri preferred his uncle's company to constant scrutiny by his father. He was educated at Colegio Cardenal Newman,[26] and received a bachelor's degree in civil engineering from the Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina. At this time Macri became interested in neoliberalism and joined the now-defunct Union of the Democratic Centre and a think tank led by former minister Álvaro Alsogaray.[27] In 1985, he briefly attended Columbia Business School, the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania and the Universidad del CEMA in Buenos Aires.[28]

Macri's professional experience began at SIDECO Americana, a construction company which was part of his father's Socma Group (Sociedad Macri) holding company, where he worked for three years as a junior analyst and became a senior analyst. In 1984, he worked in the credit department of Citibank Argentina in Buenos Aires. Macri joined Socma Group the same year, and became its general manager in 1985. In 1992, he became vice president of Sevel Argentina (then manufacturing Fiat and Peugeot automobiles under licence in Argentina as part of Socma), and became president two years later.[28]

Boca Juniors

 
Mauricio Macri and Martín Palermo, football player of Boca Juniors.

Macri intended to run for chairman of sports club Boca Juniors in 1991, but his father convinced him to keep working at Sevel. He tried to buy the Deportivo Español team, but could not get support from the team's board of directors. Macri supported Boca Juniors, paying coach César Luis Menotti's salary and buying players for the team (including forward Walter Perazzo). Franco, skeptical about his son's prospects for success, later allowed him to run Boca Juniors. He instructed aide Orlando Salvestrini to work with Mauricio for two reasons: to help him and to monitor his activities. Mauricio met with former Boca Juniors chairmen Antonio Alegre and Carlos Heller, and tried to convince them to work with him; both rebuffed him. Macri later sought the support of other groups in Boca Juniors, eventually winning the team's internal elections in 1995 with 7,058 votes.[29][30]

His first years were unsuccessful; the team's performance was poor, players frequently complained about salaries and bonuses, and Macri changed coaches three times. The only initial improvement was a partial reconstruction of the stadium. He arranged for the Boca Juniors institution to operate on the stock exchange, selling shares of active football players owned by the club.[31] Macri's first coach was Carlos Salvador Bilardo, who brought 14 new players to the team and finished the 1996 Apertura league in 10th place.[32] His second coach, Héctor Veira, also performed poorly.[33] New coach Carlos Bianchi helped Juan Román Riquelme improve his performance, and had Martín Palermo and Guillermo Barros Schelotto as effective forwards. They won the first two tournaments, beginning a record 40-match unbeaten run.[34]

During his tenure at the helm of Boca Juniors, the xeneize team obtained sixteen titles, which established him as the president of the institution that has obtained the most football titles, displacing Alberto J. Armando to second place, with twelve total titles.[35]

Macri has been trying to reform the Argentine soccer statutes for almost two decades to allow clubs to become sports limited companies.[36]

Early political career

 
Macri in 2007

In 1991, Macri was kidnapped for 12 days by officers of the Argentine Federal Police. Kept in a small room with a chemical toilet and a hole in the roof to receive food, he was freed when his family reportedly paid a multimillion-dollar ransom.[37] Macri has said that the ordeal led him to enter politics.[38]

Macri entered politics in 2003, founding the centre-right party Commitment to Change (Spanish: Compromiso para el Cambio).[39] The party was intended to be a source of new politicians, since the major parties were discredited after the December 2001 riots.[40] Later that year, Macri ran for mayor of Buenos Aires, alongside Horacio Rodríguez Larreta. Although he won the first round of the election with 37 percent of the vote,[41] he lost the runoff election with 46 percent of the vote going to sitting mayor Aníbal Ibarra, who was re-elected.[42] In 2005, Macri joined Ricardo López Murphy of Recrear in a political coalition, the Republican Proposal (PRO), and was elected to the Chamber of Deputies with 33.9 percent of the vote.[43] His campaigns were managed by Jaime Durán Barba.[44] According to a 2007 report, Macri had participated in only 44 of 321 votings; he countered that he had become disappointed with Congress, since bills sent by the president were not open to debate or amendment.[45] Ibarra was impeached and removed from office in 2006 as a result of the República Cromañón nightclub fire, and his term was completed by vice-chief of government Jorge Telerman.[46]

During 2006, Macri worked both on his political activities as deputy and with his presidency of Boca Juniors. Before the 2007 general elections, he negotiated with the likely presidential candidate Jorge Sobisch, the governor of Neuquén Province, to create a national right-wing political coalition.[47] This conflicted with Macri's alliance with Ricardo López Murphy, who also intended to run for president and had denounced Sobisch for corruption. Later that year, Sobisch's image was severely tarnished when teacher Carlos Fuentealba was killed during a union demonstration in Neuquén.[48]

 
Macri (center) with President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner (left) and Buenos Aires Governor Daniel Scioli (right) in 2008

He immediately backed out of his pact with Sobisch and remained neutral during the national election,[49] which was won by Cristina Fernández de Kirchner of the Front for Victory (FPV).[50]

In February 2007, Macri announced that he would run again for mayor of Buenos Aires, heading the PRO slate with Gabriela Michetti. In the 2 June 2007 first round, he received 45.6 percent of the vote and defeated government-backed Daniel Filmus (who received 23.8 percent of the vote); incumbent Jorge Telerman finished third. In the 24 June runoff election, Macri defeated Filmus with 60.96 percent of the vote.[51]

For the 2009 midterm elections, he allied with Francisco de Narváez and Felipe Solá. The alliance was successful; De Narvaez defeated former president Néstor Kirchner in Buenos Aires Province and Gabriela Michetti won the city election. With this defeat, the Kirchners lost their majority in both chambers of the Congress. Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, whose public image was good after the death and state funeral of Néstor Kirchner in late 2010, ran for re-election. Macri, who was considered a likely candidate for the opposition, ran for re-election as mayor instead. He won the first round on 10 July 2011 with 47.08 percent of the vote against Filmus's 27.78 percent, and then the 31 July runoff against Filmus with 64.25 percent of the vote.[52]

Buenos Aires administration

Public transport

 
Macri on a 200 Series train on Line A of the Buenos Aires Underground, January 2013

Macri's administration worked on public transport in an attempt to reduce auto traffic in Buenos Aires. One project was the Metrobus, a bus rapid transit system added to the city's main streets. By the end of Macri's term as mayor, the 50.5-kilometre (31.4 mi) system had five lines and 113 stations.[53]

Other streets have bikeways to promote cycling, and the city created its EcoBici bicycle-sharing scheme. By the end of Macri's administration, about 155 km (96 mi) of bicycle lanes were constructed and 49 of the planned 200 automated bicycle-sharing stations were built.[54]

Several level crossings on the city's commuter-rail network were replaced by tunnels to improve road and rail traffic flow.[55] Under Macri, the city committed to two large rail-infrastructure projects: running viaducts through the center of the city to extend the Belgrano Sur Line, and raising the San Martín Line to eliminate level crossings.[56]

 
Macri with President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner during the inauguration of Autopista Illia in 2014

Macri proposed the Red de Expresos Regionales project to link the city's main railway terminals and lines with a series of tunnels; as of 2018, in the term of his successor Horacio Rodríguez Larreta, the project is still in the planning stages.[57]

The Buenos Aires Underground, initially maintained by the national government, was the subject of a year-long dispute between him and the Fernández de Kirchner government. The national government sought to transfer it to the city, which Macri supported, but the budget and length of the transition period were contested. He announced that the city would take over the underground on 13 November 2012.[58]

Line A, which was using wooden cars almost a century old, received a fleet of modern cars from the national government; Line H also received new cars.[59][60] Madrid Metro rolling-stock purchases for Line B were criticised, despite their technical superiority, for having a limited compatibility with the line and costing more than new trains for the city's commuter-rail network.[61]

Metropolitan police

 
Macri inspecting Metropolitan Police graduates

Buenos Aires, initially a federal district with limited autonomy, had become an autonomous city with the 1994 amendment of the Constitution of Argentina. The Argentine Federal Police, under national-government jurisdiction, still worked in the city and disputes over a potential transfer to a local force were unresolved when Macri was elected. He unsuccessfully tried to negotiate a transfer with President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner. As an alternative, in 2008 Macri proposed a bill for the creation of the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Police to work with federal police in the city. The bill, supported by the PRO and the Kirchnerite blocs, was rejected by Civic Coalition blocs and those aligned with Ibarra. Elisa Carrió, leader of the Civic Coalition, thought that Macri had abandoned the transfer request, and Ibarra said that the forces' duties would overlap.[62] The Metropolitan Police began with nearly 1,000 officers; the Federal Police had 17,000 officers working in the city. As a result, the metropolitan police worked on a small scale during the transition and more complex tasks were reserved for the federal police.[63]

Jorge Alberto Palacios was the first chief of the Metropolitan Police. A member of the police unit which rescued Macri from his kidnappers, Palacios was fired by then-President Néstor Kirchner for his alleged involvement in the murder of Axel Blumberg (for which he was acquitted). His appointment was controversial; Palacios had been investigated for concealing evidence of the 1994 AMIA bombing,[64] and he resigned a short time later.[65] The transfer of police protection to the city was completed during the Larreta administration.[66]

Same-sex marriage

 
Macri and Archbishop Jorge Bergoglio (now Pope Francis)

A gay couple, José María Di Bello and Alex Freyre, started a judicial case so that they could get married in Buenos Aires. They challenged articles 172 and 188 of the civil code, which restrict marriage to people of different genders, as unconstitutional. Judge Gabriela Seijas agreed, and the couple married in 2009. It was the first same-sex marriage in Argentina. Macri did not appeal the ruling, saying that same-sex marriage was becoming universally accepted and individuals had a right to happiness. He compared the controversy with the sanctioning of divorce during the 1980s after the restoration of democracy in Argentina; highly controversial at first, it was eventually accepted.[67] A federal law permitting same-sex marriage was passed the following year.[68]

Macri's refusal to appeal the sentence affected his relationship with Archbishop Jorge Bergoglio (who later became Pope Francis). Bergoglio opposed same-sex marriage, and expected Macri to appeal the ruling. According to the archbishop, a lower-court judge should not establish the constitutionality of a law and Macri should have appealed the ruling in a higher court. Bergoglio was also annoyed by what he considered a lack of communication between himself and Macri.[69]

Presidential elections

2015 Argentine general election

Main article: 2015 Argentine general election
Further information: Presidential debates in Argentina and Ballotage in Argentina
 
Macri's 2015 presidential campaign logo

Macri ran for president of Argentina in 2015. With President Cristina Kirchner unable to run, early opinion polls indicated a close three-way race between Macri, Kirchnerite governor Daniel Scioli and Tigre mayor Sergio Massa.[70] Other minor parties, such as the Radical Civic Union (UCR), the Civic Coalition (CC) and some socialist parties, made a political coalition, the Broad Front UNEN. This coalition disbanded before the elections, and the UCR and CC made a coalition with the PRO, named Cambiemos (English: Let's change). Macri supported Horacio Rodríguez Larreta against Gabriela Michetti in the PRO primary elections for mayor of Buenos Aires. Larreta won the primary and general elections, and Michetti was selected as Macri's vice-presidential candidate. María Eugenia Vidal, Macri's deputy mayor, ran on the Cambiemos ticket for governor of Buenos Aires Province, a populous province which was strategic to the elections. Macri and Massa negotiated a coalition against Kirchnerism, which would have seen Massa withdraw from the presidential race to run for governor of Buenos Aires on the Cambiemos ticket. Macri declined this proposal, kept Vidal as the party's candidate for governor, and Massa ran for president with his own party.[71]

Macri, Carrió and Ernesto Sanz ran in the primary elections, which Macri won.[72] Pre-election polls indicated that Scioli would win by a wide margin, possibly avoiding a ballotage. The final results showed Scioli finishing first with 37.08 percent, just ahead of Macri's 34.15 percent, leading to a ballotage round on 22 November. Massa finished third with 21 percent of the vote, and the other two candidates contended for his voters. Scioli and Macri were polarized about the presidency of Cristina Kirchner; Scioli wanted to keep most Kirchnerite policies, and Macri wanted to change them. In the legislative elections, the Front for Victory (FPV) lost its majority in the Chamber of Deputies but kept it in the Senate.[73]

 
Macri campaigning in Cordoba, in August 2015

Scioli did not participate in the first presidential debate, which was held with the other five candidates. When the ballotage was confirmed, Macri agreed to a debate with Scioli.[74] Two debates were planned: one by the Argentina Debate NGO and another by TV news channel Todo Noticias (TN). Macri preferred a single debate, and opted for the one organized by Argentina Debate.[75]

He criticized Scioli for negative campaigning by the FPV.[76] Several politicians and FPV institutions had issued warnings about what might happen if Macri were elected president.[77] According to Scioli, the campaign was intended to encourage public awareness.[78] It was rumored that the campaign might have been suggested by Brazilian political consultant João Santana, who had organized a similar campaign in Brazil during the ballotage of Dilma Rousseff and Aécio Neves in the 2014 Brazilian general election.[79]

The ballotage was held on 22 November. Scioli conceded with 70 percent of the votes counted and provisional results of 53 and 47 percent.[80] The gap between the candidates slowly narrowed over the next few hours, giving Macri a smaller margin of victory than most exit polls suggested.[81] His election ended a dozen years of Kirchnerism in Argentina.[82]

For The Economist, this was the "end of populism." Macri's victory could transform his country and the region.[83]

Macri owed his victory to Córdoba, the second-largest province, swinging dramatically to support him; he carried the province by over 930,000 votes in the second round, far exceeding his nationwide margin of 680,600 votes. Buenos Aires also swung hard to Macri, giving its mayor over 64 percent of the vote in the second round.[84]

2019 Argentine general election

Main article: 2019 Argentine general election

On 11 August 2019, Macri scored the primary election which gave him renomination as his party's candidate in the 2019 general election.[85] He was renominated, but scored only 32%, compared to 47% to populist Peronist Alberto Fernández and his running mate, two-term former president Cristina Kirchner, in their primary for Frente de Todos.[86]

In the 27 October general election, Fernández won the presidency by attaining 48.1% of the vote to Macri's 40.4%, exceeding the threshold required to win without the need for a ballotage.[87]

Alberto Fernández emerged from an electrifying election night as Argentina's next president, without the need for a ballottage, despite Mauricio Macri's surprising rebound from the primaries.[88]

Presidency

Main article: Presidency of Mauricio Macri
Presidential styles of
Mauricio Macri
 
Reference styleExcelentísimo Señor Presidente de la Nación (Most Excellent President of the Nation)
Spoken stylePresidente de la Nación (President of the Nation)
Alternative styleSeñor Presidente (Mister President)

Inauguration

Main article: Inauguration of Mauricio Macri

Macri announced his cabinet on 25 November 2015, about two weeks before he was due to take office.[89][90][91] The presidential transition was difficult. Macri and Kirchner met briefly; she provided no help to the new administration, and spoke only about the inauguration ceremony.[92] They disagreed about its location; Kirchner wanted it to take place at the Palace of the Argentine National Congress, and Macri favoured the White Hall of the Casa Rosada.[93][94] Plans for violence against Macri supporters near the Plaza during the inauguration were rumoured, and it was unclear who would control the police during the ceremony.[95] Judge María Servini de Cubría ruled that Kirchner's term of office ended at midnight on the morning of 10 December, and provisional Senate president Federico Pinedo was in charge of the executive branch for the 12 hours between the end of Kirchner's term and Macri's swearing-in.[96] Kirchner left Buenos Aires that day to attend the inauguration of sister-in-law Alicia Kirchner as governor of Santa Cruz Province.[97]

Macri took office on 10 December. He took the oath of office at the National Congress of Argentina after Vice President Gabriela Michetti. Macri delivered a 27-minute speech pledging "support for an independent judiciary, to fight corruption and drug trafficking, the internal union of Argentina, universal social protection, a 21st-century style of education and for everyone to have a roof, water and sewer" and greeted his electoral rivals.[98]

 
Macri receives the presidential sash from acting president Federico Pinedo.

He later went to the Casa Rosada and received the presidential sash in the White Hall from Senate President Federico Pinedo, accompanied by Michetti, Chamber of Deputies President Emilio Monzó and Supreme Court President Ricardo Lorenzetti. Minutes later, Macri went to the balcony and told the crowd in the Plaza de Mayo that "Argentines deserve to live better, and we are about to start a wonderful period for our country. I promise to always tell the truth and show where our problems are". He called on "all Argentines to follow [his] administration and alert them when [the government] makes mistakes".[99] After his swearing-in, Macri hosted a reception at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs' San Martín Palace for heads of state Michelle Bachelet (Chile), Horacio Cartes (Paraguay), Juan Manuel Santos (Colombia), Rafael Correa (Ecuador), Evo Morales (Bolivia), Dilma Rousseff (Brazil) and King Juan Carlos I of Spain, and representatives of other countries who attended his inauguration.[100]

Economic policy

See also: 2018 Argentine monetary crisis
 
Macri at the World Economic Forum, January 2018.

Macri began his presidency with economic difficulties carried over from previous governments. The Central Bank of Argentina's reserves were depleted; inflation was over 30 percent, although the widely discredited National Institute of Statistics and Census of Argentina (INDEC) provided a lower figure. The country had the highest tax rates in its history, but the government budget balance had an eight-percent deficit. There had been a sovereign default since 2001, and a conflict existed with hedge funds; tight currency controls had been in place since 2011. Since Argentina is a developing country, a global drop in commodity prices reduced trade revenue.[101]

One of Macri's first economic policies was the removal of currency controls, allowing Argentines to freely buy and sell foreign currencies. Argentina has had a floating exchange rate since then, with intervention from the Central Bank,[102] and the Argentine peso was devalued by 30 percent.[103] Another early policy was the removal of export quotas and tariffs on corn and wheat.[104] Tariffs on soybeans, the most lucrative Argentine export, were reduced from 35 to 30 percent.[105]

 
Argentine delegation to the World Economic Forum in Davos, in 2016. It was the return of the country to the conference after 11 years of absence.

Macri wanted to negotiate with holdouts and end the default to return to the international capital markets and strengthen the national economy.[106] Argentina offered to pay $6.5 billion to settle lawsuits on 5 February 2016, requesting that the prior ruling on its payments be lifted.[107] Although Cambiemos did not have a majority in either house of Congress, the bill was approved in March and Argentina faced a court hearing in New York on 13 April.[108] The court upheld judge Thomas P. Griesa's ruling, allowing Argentina to pay the 2005 and 2010 bondholders to whom it was still in default.[109] The payment, made with a bond sale,[110] was reportedly the end of the Argentine default, which had begun in 2001.[111]

 
Macri with former president Bill Clinton, Italian prime minister Matteo Renzi, economist Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala and London mayor Sadiq Khan at the Clinton Global Initiative

On 19 January 2016, Macri attended the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, with opposition figure Sergio Massa and part of his cabinet, in a search for investors.[112] He was one of the best-known figures at the meeting, along with Canadian prime minister Justin Trudeau and US vice president Joe Biden.[113] It was the first time since 2003 that Argentina had participated in the forum.[114]

During Macri's first year, economic recovery was slow. Unemployment and inflation remained high and growth did not come as expected.[115] Kirchner's Careful Pricing price-control program, which benefited small and medium-sized enterprises, was kept with a revision of its included products. The government began several public-works projects to stimulate the economy and help the construction sector.[116] Political intervention in the INDEC figures ended, and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) declared in November 2016 that Argentine statistics were again in accordance with international standards.[117] The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) estimated that Argentina would emerge from recession in 2017 or 2018, and lowered its country risk classification from seven points to six.[118]

Inflation continued to be a problem, with a rate of 25% in 2017, second only to Venezuela in South America and the highest rate in the G20. On 28 December, the Central Bank of Argentina together with the Treasury announced a change of the inflation target. This was seen by the market as a relaxation of the monetary policy. They attempted to reduce it to 15%, but these efforts failed.[119][120]

Between 2017 and 2018 the government cut import tariffs on capital goods and eliminated tariffs on the importation of technology products to encourage investment.[121][122][123][124]

The deregulation area allowed the incorporation of low cost airlines, such as JetSmart, Norwegian and Flybondi.[125]

The economy worsened in 2018: inflation remained high, due in part to a trade deficit. The production of soy, the country's main export, had been reduced by a drought which was among the worst natural disasters in the world that year.[126] The US Federal Reserve increased its interest rates, which raised the price of the US dollar against other currencies.[127] The Central Bank of Argentina increased the interest rate to 60 percent, but could not hold off inflation.[128]

 
Macri negotiating the loan with Christine Lagarde, Managing Director of the IMF.

Macri announced on 8 May that Argentina would seek a loan from the IMF. The initial loan was US$50bn.[129] Federico Sturzenegger, president of the Central Bank, resigned a week later. Macri replaced him with Luis Caputo, and merged the ministries of treasury and finances into a single ministry led by Nicolás Dujovne.[130] The US–Turkey diplomatic conflict caused a new increase on the US dollar. As a result of the crisis, the tariffs on soy exports were restored. Caputo resigned, and Guido Sandleris replaced him as president of the Central Bank.[131] The IMF expanded the loan with an extra 7 billion, on the condition that the Central Bank would only adjust the price of the peso against the US dollar under certain conditions.[132]

For 2019, the government accelerated the austerity plans, with less expenses and more taxes, to completely remove the fiscal deficit.[133]

Energy policy

 
Macri announcing an investment deal for the Vaca Muerta shale deposit in Patagonia

Prices for public utilities, such as electricity, gas and water, were fixed in 2002 by president Eduardo Duhalde during the 1998–2002 Argentine great depression. The Kirchners kept them fixed, and the state subsidized them to compensate for inflation, which rose by nearly 700 percent during their government.[39] Investment in the utility sectors decreased, and generation and distribution networks deteriorated. Argentina lost its self-sufficiency, and went from an energy exporter to an importer.[134] The cost of energy imports increased the trade deficit and the inflation rate, and power outages became frequent.[135] The Kirchners left the grid on the brink of collapse,[136] while their lavish subsidies were a large factor in the fiscal deficit that harmed the overall economy.[39]

In 2016, Minister Juan José Aranguren arranged the removal of state subsidies for electricity, gas and water, which caused a huge increase in prices for those utilities. The increases were met with protests in several cities.[137] Because mandatory public hearings had not been held on the price increases, these were annulled by the courts. The Supreme Court upheld a temporary halt of the price increase for residential customers in September 2016.[138]

Seeking to increase energy production, Macri signed an investment deal for the Vaca Muerta shale deposit in Patagonia. Roughly the size of Belgium, Vaca Muerta has the second-largest reserve of shale gas in the world. To finalise the deal, the unions negotiated flexibility in labour costs, which had been the main drawback to industrial development in the area. The Neuquén Province government pledged to improve roads and general infrastructure.[139]

Human rights

Human rights organizations had aligned themselves with the governments of both Néstor and Cristina Kirchner, even in topics unrelated to human rights, and often worked as their spokesmen. They continued this role after 2015, when Macri defeated the Kirchnerite candidate in the presidential elections,[140] which undermined the legitimacy of the organizations in Argentine society.[141] Macri maintained a distant relation with those organizations, and did not seek their support, but did not openly confront them. They kept their funding and the institutions under their control, and the trials of military personnel for crimes in the Dirty War (1974–1983) continued. Nevertheless, the organizations continued their opposition to Macri.[142] His cabinet was divided on an approach to take: whether to directly confront the organizations and remove their state financing, or to take an active role in their activities and replace their leaders with less politically motivated figures.[143] The general policy, however, was to ignore the disputes and focus the activities of the government towards more pressing matters, such as the economy.[144]

The government modified the public holiday for the Day of Remembrance for Truth and Justice, which makes reference to the 1976 Argentine coup d'état, to allow it to be celebrated on a movable date. This ruling was met with huge criticism.[145] The ruling was reverted some days later, and the holiday was kept at the fixed date of 24 March.[146]

Social issues

The #NiUnaMenos movement, which advanced a feminist agenda in Argentina since 2015, stayed strong during the Macri presidency. Macri said during the 2018 opening of the National Congress that, although he was anti-abortion, he wanted the Congress to have an abortion debate and discuss a bill for a new abortion law.[147] As of 2018, abortion was only legally allowed for rapes and cases that may threaten the mother's health. The feminist movement organized several demonstrations in the following months, in support of the voluntary termination of pregnancy abortion bill that was proposed in Congress. The proposal, however, became highly polarizing. The country has a strong conservative catholic population, particularly in the less-populated provinces, who rejected the bill. This polarization was unrelated to the political polarization of the country, and the legislators of both Cambiemos and the Justicialist Party (PJ) were divided on the vote.[148] The bill was approved by the Chamber of Deputies in June, but opposition became more organized after its approval[149] and the Senate rejected the bill, by 38 to 31 votes.[150]

In December 2017, police officer Luis Chocobar killed a fleeing man who had stabbed an American tourist in La Boca, Buenos Aires. Macri hosted him in early 2018 and hailed him as a hero. His administration would later enact the "Chocobar doctrine", broadening the rights of police officer to exercise lethal force when responding to criminal cases.[151]

Foreign relations

 
Mauricio Macri, US president Donald Trump and their respective first ladies, at the White House in the United States

During Macri's presidency, Argentina's foreign relations shifted substantially from those under Kirchner. He immediately proposed action against Nicolás Maduro in Venezuela for human-rights abuses and to remove that country from Mercosur.[152] This shift was part of a change in the Latin American pink tide.[153] The other countries in the bloc also opposed Maduro's socialist government, and prevented Venezuela from taking the pro tempore presidency of Mercosur. The bloc sought a trade and cooperation agreement with the European Union and closer ties with the Pacific Alliance.[154] Macri agreed with Brazilian president Michel Temer to guarantee free trade between their countries.[155] Macri and Temer increased their interest in better trade relations with Mexico, the second-largest economy in Latin America, after Mexican-American relations started to turn sour under the Trump administration.[156]

Argentina and Venezuela had troubled relations at the time. The 2017 Venezuelan Constituent Assembly election was considered illegal by Argentina, which does not acknowledge the legislative body established by it.[157] Macri also removed the Order of the Liberator General San Martín award from Maduro.[158] Argentina signed the Declaration of Lima, which established the Lima Group, a supranational body of countries that consider Venezuela to be under a dictatorship and want to restore its democracy.[159] Maduro was re-elected in the 2018 Venezuelan presidential election and took office for a new term on 10 January 2019. This started the 2019 Venezuelan presidential crisis, as many countries believed that Maduro had committed electoral fraud. Argentina and Brazil, under the newly elected Jair Bolsonaro, refused to acknowledge Maduro as a legitimate ruler. They instead acknowledged Juan Guaidó, who was appointed president of Venezuela by the National Assembly.[160] Furthermore, during the Venezuelan uprising attempt of April 2019, Macri supported anti-Maduro military forces and reiterated his position of recognizing Guaidó as legitimate President of Venezuela.[161]

 
Macri and German chancellor Angela Merkel during the 2017 G20 Summit in Hamburg

Macri also shifted Argentina's relations with the United States. During a visit in 2016, president Barack Obama praised him: "I'm impressed because he has moved rapidly on so many of the reforms that he promised, to create more sustainable and inclusive economic growth, to reconnect Argentina with the global economy and the world community". Obama announced that the US would declassify its military and intelligence records of the 1970s Dirty War.[162] Foreign Minister Susana Malcorra supported Democrat Hillary Clinton in the 2016 US presidential election, which was won by Republican Donald Trump. Macri tried to remain in good terms with the US after the Trump was elected president. In 2019, Trump declassified more than 5,600 US documents about the Dirty War.[163]

Macri maintained the Argentine claim in the Falkland Islands sovereignty dispute. However, he took a less-confrontational stance towards the United Kingdom and allowed more flights between Argentina and the islands. Relations between Argentina and the UK improved greatly, but both Argentine and the United Kingdom maintain their respective claim on the islands.[164]

 
Macri acknowledged Juan Guaidó as president of Venezuela during the 2019 Venezuelan presidential crisis.

Macri changed Argentina's position on conflicts in the Middle East. During Macri's first week in office, he voided the memorandum of understanding between Argentina and Iran, which would have established a joint investigation of the 1994 AMIA bombing, a terrorist attack on a Jewish organization for which Argentina had blamed Hezbollah and Iran. The memorandum had been ruled unconstitutional by the judiciary, a ruling which was appealed during Kirchner's presidency. Macri withdrew the appeal, upholding the original ruling.[165] He distanced himself from Iran and encouraged continued investigations of the AMIA bombing and the death of Alberto Nisman, a prosecutor investigating the case.[166] Those cases and Nisman's probe into Cristina Kirchner involvement with Iran have special importance for Argentina–Israel relations, and ambassador Carlos Faustino García and Israeli diplomat Modi Efraim praised Macri for encouraging the investigations.[167] Macri further improved relations with Israel and in September 2017, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu became the first Israeli Prime Minister to ever visit Argentina.[168][169] In July 2016, it was announced that Argentina would grant asylum to 3,000 refugees of the Syrian Civil War.[170] In July 2019, Macri designated Hezbollah as a terrorist organization in relation to the Israeli embassy bombing, and especially related to the AMIA bombing.[171]

Midterm elections

 
Mauricio Macri during the electoral campaign of 2017
Main article: 2017 Argentine legislative election

The 2017 Argentine legislative election renewed a third of the seats in the Senate and half in the chamber of deputies.[172] The election was considered a referendum on the presidency of Macri up to that point. Kirchner, leader of the opposition, ran for senator for the populous Buenos Aires province. She left the PJ to avoid the primary elections and created a new party, Citizen's Unity. Esteban Bullrich, minister of education, was the candidate of Cambiemos in the district. Kirchner and Bullrich had a close tie in the primary election, and Kirchner prevailed by just 0.21 percent of the vote.[173]

The electoral campaign, however, was largely ignored, as the media was focused on the ongoing controversy over the disappearance of Santiago Maldonado (see below). Kirchner used the case in her political campaign, stating that Maldonado was the victim of a forced disappearance, similar to those of the Dirty War.[174] Maldonado was found dead a few days before the general elections, and the circumstances and autopsy refuted Kirchner's theory. Cambiemos won in thirteen of the twenty-three provinces of Argentina, and in the five most-populated districts.[172] Kirchner ended in a distant second place, as a result of the higher turnout for the general elections.[175]

Controversies

Wiretapping case

Sergio Burstein was the leader of a group of people whose relatives died in the AMIA bombing. Macri was charged in a 2010 wiretapping case, suspected of spying on Burstein and his brother-in-law Néstor Daniel Leonardo. Macri denied the charges. Judge Norberto Oyarbide indicted him, and Federal Chamber members Eduardo Farah, Eduardo Freiler and Jorge Ballestero confirmed the indictment. It was suspected at the time that Macri had organized a clandestine spy network with the aid of Jorge Alberto Palacios and Ciro James. The case was transferred to judge Sebastián Casanello, who ordered further investigation. It was learned that Macri had little knowledge about Palacios' daily activities and his minister, Mariano Narodowski, had appointed James. Franco Macri, the president's father, admitted to hiring private agencies to spy on Daniel Leonardo.[176]

Although Casanello dismissed the charges in 2015,[177] Leonardo appealed the ruling; the dismissal was upheld several months later in federal court. Farah, Freiler and Ballestero voted for acquittal; others involved in the case, including Palacios, are still under investigation.[176]

Panama Papers

In 2016, the Panama Papers were leaked, comprising 11.5 million documents detailing offshore entities owned by people from many countries. Macri was listed as a director of Fleg Trading from 1998 to 2009. He did not declare his involvement in 2007, when he became mayor, or in 2015, when he became president. Prosecutor Federico Delgado asked the judiciary to determine if Macri "maliciously failed to complete his tax declaration". Macri argued that he did not report his involvement because he was not a stakeholder and did not receive money from it.[178] The company was established by his father to run a failed Brazilian business.[179] Macri owns other foreign accounts with properly-disclosed transactions,[180] and said that he would file a judicial "declaration of certainty" to affirm his statements.[181] A similar company, Kagemusha, was discovered several months later. It was established in 1981 by Franco Macri, with his then-22-year-old son as its vice president.[182]

On 20 September 2017, civil judge Andrés Fraga determined that, in Fleg Trading Ltd, Mauricio Macri accepted the position of director for the sole and only effect of designating a replacement and resigning, and that in Kagemusha he did not even tacitly accept the position of director for which he was appointed by Franco Macri. The ruling added that he was not a shareholder in either of the two companies, that he did not receive any dividends or profits, did not participate in the business decisions, nor was he the owner or co-owner of any current bank account of the companies.[183]

Detention of Milagro Sala

Gerardo Morales of the UCR was elected governor of Jujuy Province in the 2015 elections. Although the UCR was part of Cambiemos in federal politics, it was allied with Sergio Massa in the province. Morales was the first non-Peronist governor in the province since 1983.[184] He opposed activist Milagro Sala, accusing her of leading a government parallel to that of Eduardo Fellner.[185] According to Morales, Sala led a violent and coercive group and children were forced to join her party to attend school.[186] When he was elected governor, Morales ordered all organizations to operate though banks instead of on a cash basis to retain their legal standing.[187] Sala began a protest in front of the government plaza, but most of her supporters accepted Morales's edict.[188] Prosecutor Viviana Montiel asked local judge Raúl Gutiérrez to order Sala's arrest for causing a disturbance and encouraging crime. Gutiérrez agreed, and Sala was arrested on 16 January 2016.[189]

After Sala's arrest, she was charged with embezzlement in connection with housing construction. Although her initial charges were dropped, she remained in jail on the later ones. The case generated international criticism, and the United Nations and the Organization of American States requested her release. Macri said that the case was under provincial, not federal, jurisdiction.[190] Amnesty International considers "that Milagro Sala is being criminalized for peacefully exercising her rights to freedom of expression and protest" and, along with other human rights groups, have called for the granting of precautionary measures to guarantee the liberty of Milagro Sala, along with the exercise of freedom of expression and the right to social protest in Argentina.[191][192][193] The Supreme Court refused to hear the case, which continues in the province.[194]

Death of Santiago Maldonado

 
Demonstration in support of Maldonado during the Day of Remembrance for Truth and Justice.
Main article: Death of Santiago Maldonado

The Benetton Group has territories at the Chubut Province, and the Mapuche indigenous people claim that those territories belonged to them. Facundo Jones Huala, from the Resistencia Ancestral Mapuche group,[195] was jailed because of violent protests, and a group of eight people organized a picketing protest at the National Route 40, advocating for his liberation. The road was completely blocked by stones, trees and fire. Judge Guido Otranto instructed the Argentine National Gendarmerie (GNA) to clear the blockade and disperse the protesters. The protesters reacted violently, then escaped from the GNA. Some of them swam across the nearby Chubut River and others hid in the adjacent forest.[196]

One of those protesters was Santiago Maldonado, and his whereabouts were unknown after the incident. Kirchnerist and human-rights organizations considered that Maldonado was a victim of a forced disappearance, and posited that he could be the first victim of a wider plan of political repression.[197] Other theories were proposed during the investigation: that he escaped to Chile, that he was hiding, or that he had been murdered some days before in an unrelated crime and was never in the protest at all (the protesters wore hoods).[198] It was also proposed that he could have drowned, but the Mapuches held control of the area and impeded access by the GNA.[199] When the GNA did enter the area, the corpse was found in the river.[200] An autopsy confirmed his identity, that the body had no signs of blows or injuries, and that he died by asphyxia and hypothermia. The judicial case was closed a year later, as the judge ruled that there was no forced disappearance and that there was no further evidence pointing towards anything other than an accidental drowning.[201]

 
Arms of Mauricio Macri as member of the Order of Isabella the Catholic

ARA San Juan

On 15 November 2017, the submarine ARA San Juan (S-42) went missing. There were several irregularities both in the search process and in the communication with the families of those affected by the accident. The families started a judiciary process to establish the chain of responsibilities in the process. In a recent hearing, one of the accused stated that the government knew the location of the submarine and found it in 5 December 2017, but kept the finding secret until a year after, when on 16 November 2018, was communicated that the submarine was found.[202]

2019 Bolivian political crisis

During the last days of his tenure as President, allegations of electoral fraud and subsequent protests occurred in Bolivia, leading to the 2019 Bolivian political crisis. This caused President Evo Morales to resign and the military and police of Bolivia clashed with pro-Morales protesters, resulting in dozens of deaths from the engagement. The government of Macri immediately recognized the legitimacy of the interim presidency of Jeanine Áñez and denied Morales asylum and also blocked Argentine air space for Morales's airplane to fly over Argentina in the bid to escape Bolivia to seek asylum in Mexico.[203] In July 2021, Bolivian Foreign Minister Rogelio Mayta accused the Macri's government of providing weaponry to the Bolivian security forces which engaged in the Senkata and Secaba massacres. In the report, the government of Luis Arce (who succeeded Áñez) also denounced Security Minister of Macri, Patricia Bullrich, and other officials for the conflict.[203]

The denounciation was based on a thank you letter from aviation general Jorge Gonzalo Terceros Lara. Lara denounced that the letter was a forgery, and that he resigned on 13 November 2019, the same day the alleged letter was sent.[204] His lawyer also pointed that anti-riot weapons would be useless for the aviation military, and would have made no sense for Lara to request them.[204] Former chancellor Karen Longaric pointed as well that if the shipment arrived in Bolivia the same day that Añez became president, it would have had to be prepared and sent while Morales was still president.[204] Longaric also pointed that, regardless of the wording, the letter does not mention war weapons but just police weapons, whose trade between nations in good standing is regular and non-controversial.[204]

Personal life

His first wife was Ivonne Bordeu, daughter of race-car driver Juan Manuel Bordeu. They had three sons: Agustina, Jimena and Francisco. After they divorced, Macri married model Isabel Menditeguy in 1994; Macri's father Franco requested a prenuptial agreement. Although the marriage reached a crisis when Macri became chairman of Boca Juniors, they did not divorce until 2005. He began a romance with María Laura Groba which did not lead to marriage. Macri left Groba in 2010, after which began a relationship with businesswoman Juliana Awada[205] and married Awada that year. At the wedding reception, he wore a fake moustache as part of his impersonation of singer Freddie Mercury. Macri accidentally swallowed the moustache, and Minister of Health Jorge Lemus performed first aid to save his life.[206][207] He is a very good bridge player and represented Argentina at the 45th World Bridge Team Championships in 2022.[208]

Electoral history

Executive

Electoral history of Mauricio Macri
Election Office List Votes Result Ref.
Total % P.
2003 1-R Chief of Government of Buenos Aires Commitment to Change 660,748 37.55% 2nd → Round 2 [209]
2003 2-R Commitment to Change 807,385 46.52% 2nd Not elected
2007 1-R Republican Proposal 798,292 45.76% 1st → Round 2 [210]
2007 2-R Republican Proposal 1,007,729 60.94% 1st Elected
2011 1-R Republican Proposal 836,608 47.07% 1st → Round 2 [211]
2011 2-R Republican Proposal 1,090,389 64.27% 1st Elected
2015 1-R President of Argentina Cambiemos 8,601,131 34.15% 2nd → Round 2 [212]
2015 2-R Cambiemos 12,988,349 51.34% 1st Elected
2019 Juntos por el Cambio 10,811,586 40.28% 2nd Not elected [213]

Legislative

Electoral history of Mauricio Macri
Election Office List # District Votes Result Ref.
Total % P.
2005 National Deputy Republican Proposal 1 City of Buenos Aires 611,178 34.09% 1st[a] Elected [214]
  1. ^ Presented on an electoral list. The data shown represents the share of the vote the entire party/alliance received in that constituency.

Honours

National honours

Foreign honours

Ancestry

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Bibliography

  • (several authors) (November 2015). Todo Macri: vida, poder y secretos del nuevo presidente. Argentina: Perfil.
  • Novaro, Marcos (2017). El Caso Maldonado (in Spanish). Argentina: Edhasa. ISBN 978-987-628-470-7.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mauricio Macri.
 
Wikiquote has quotations related to Mauricio Macri.
  • Office of the President (in Spanish)
  • Mauricio Macri's Official Website
  • Official Facebook
  • CityMayors profile
  • Biography by CIDOB (in Spanish)
Political offices
Preceded by Chief of Government of Buenos Aires
2007–2015 		Succeeded by
Preceded by President of Argentina
2015–2019 		Succeeded by
Diplomatic posts
Preceded by Chair of the Group of 20
2018 		Succeeded by
Olympic Games
Preceded by Person who opened the Olympic Games
2018 		Succeeded by
TBD 2020
Preceded by Person who opened the Summer Youth Olympic Games
2018 		Succeeded by
TBD 2022
Sporting positions
Preceded by Chairman of Boca Juniors (1995-2007) Succeeded by
Preceded by Chairman of Boca Juniors (2008) Succeeded by

November 26, 2023
mauricio, macri, spanish, pronunciation, mawˈɾisjo, ˈmakɾi, born, february, 1959, argentine, businessman, politician, served, president, argentina, from, 2015, 2019, been, leader, republican, proposal, party, since, founding, 2005, previously, served, chief, g. Mauricio Macri Spanish pronunciation mawˈɾisjo ˈmakɾi born 8 February 1959 1 is an Argentine businessman and politician who served as the President of Argentina from 2015 to 2019 2 He has been the leader of the Republican Proposal PRO party since its founding in 2005 He previously served as 5th Chief of Government of Buenos Aires from 2007 to 2015 and was a member of the Chamber of Deputies representing Buenos Aires from 2005 to 2007 Ideologically he identifies himself as a liberal and conservative on the Argentine centre right 3 4 5 Mauricio MacriOfficial portrait 2015President of ArgentinaIn office 10 December 2015 10 December 2019Vice PresidentGabriela MichettiPreceded byCristina Fernandez de KirchnerSucceeded byAlberto FernandezPresident pro tempore of the Union of South American NationsIn office 17 April 2017 17 April 2018Preceded byNicolas MaduroSucceeded byEvo Morales5th Chief of Government of Buenos AiresIn office 10 December 2007 10 December 2015DeputyGabriela MichettiMaria Eugenia VidalPreceded byJorge TelermanSucceeded byHoracio Rodriguez LarretaNational DeputyIn office 10 December 2005 18 July 2007Succeeded byJulian ObiglioConstituencyCity of Buenos AiresPersonal detailsBorn 1959 02 08 8 February 1959 age 64 Tandil Buenos Aires ArgentinaPolitical partyRepublican Proposal PRO 2008 present Other politicalaffiliationsCommitment to Change 2003 2008 Juntos por el Cambio 2015 present SpousesIvonne Bordeu m 1981 div 1991 wbr Isabel Menditeguy m 1994 div 2005 wbr Juliana Awada m 2010 wbr Children4ParentFranco Macri father Alma materPontifical Catholic University of ArgentinaColumbia UniversityProfessionCivil engineerSignatureWebsiteOfficial websiteBorn in Tandil Macri trained as a civil engineer at the Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina and attended Columbia University for business school After embarking on a business career he was kidnapped in 1991 The experience prompted him to enter politics after being released by his captors He served as president of football club Boca Juniors from 1994 to 2007 reestablishing its profitability which raised his public profile In 2003 he launched the Commitment for Change eventually developing it into the modern PRO party Following an unsuccessful bid for Chief of Government of Buenos Aires in 2003 Macri was elected in 2007 and won re election in 2011 Four years later he was elected president of Argentina in the 2015 general election the first presidential runoff ballotage in Argentine history The presidency of Macri focused on reforming the national economy and improving diplomatic relations He moved from a fixed exchange rate system to a floating one and removed taxes on exports and reduced subsidies on energy to reduce the fiscal deficit 6 7 8 He aligned the country with gradualist neoliberalism and re opened Argentina to international markets by lifting currency controls which he reinstated shortly before his term ended restructuring sovereign debt and pressing free market solutions Domestically he pursued moderate socially liberal policies and liberalized the energy sector Macri strongly opposed the government of Nicolas Maduro in Venezuela for human rights abuses and called for a restoration of democracy in the country 9 He recognized Juan Guaido who was elected President of Venezuela by the National Assembly during the Venezuelan presidential crisis of 2019 10 Macri improved the relations with the United States 11 and from Mercosur achieved a free trade agreement with the European Union 12 and closer ties with the Pacific Alliance 13 During the first week in office Macri annulled the Memorandum of understanding between Argentina and Iran which would have established a joint investigation into the 1994 bombing with AMIA a terrorist attack on a Jewish organization for which Argentina blamed Hezbollah and Iran 14 His legislative pursuits varied in efficacy and received mixed reception from Argentines and globally His presidency has been praised for leaving a legacy of anti corruption 15 and increasing Argentina s sovereign marketability 16 17 but has been criticized for failing to materially reform the economy 18 19 falling short of containing inflation 20 21 and building up external debt 22 Real wages declined 23 during his term in office and a large number of small and medium sized companies went out of business 24 In the 2019 general election he became the first incumbent president in Argentina to lose reelection to a second term and was defeated by Alberto Fernandez Contents 1 Early life education and early career 2 Boca Juniors 3 Early political career 4 Buenos Aires administration 4 1 Public transport 4 2 Metropolitan police 4 3 Same sex marriage 5 Presidential elections 5 1 2015 Argentine general election 5 2 2019 Argentine general election 6 Presidency 6 1 Inauguration 6 2 Economic policy 6 3 Energy policy 6 4 Human rights 6 5 Social issues 6 6 Foreign relations 6 7 Midterm elections 7 Controversies 7 1 Wiretapping case 7 2 Panama Papers 7 3 Detention of Milagro Sala 7 4 Death of Santiago Maldonado 7 5 ARA San Juan 7 6 2019 Bolivian political crisis 8 Personal life 9 Electoral history 9 1 Executive 9 2 Legislative 10 Honours 10 1 National honours 10 2 Foreign honours 11 Ancestry 12 References 13 Bibliography 14 External linksEarly life education and early careerMacri was born in Tandil in the province of Buenos Aires the son of Italian born tycoon Francesco Franco Macri owner of the Philco affiliate in Argentina and Alicia Blanco Villegas Cinque 25 The family moved to Buenos Aires a short time later and kept their houses in Tandil as vacation properties 25 His father and his uncle Jorge Blanco Villegas influenced Macri to become a businessman and Franco expected his son to succeed him as leader of his firms Macri preferred his uncle s company to constant scrutiny by his father He was educated at Colegio Cardenal Newman 26 and received a bachelor s degree in civil engineering from the Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina At this time Macri became interested in neoliberalism and joined the now defunct Union of the Democratic Centre and a think tank led by former minister Alvaro Alsogaray 27 In 1985 he briefly attended Columbia Business School the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania and the Universidad del CEMA in Buenos Aires 28 Macri s professional experience began at SIDECO Americana a construction company which was part of his father s Socma Group Sociedad Macri holding company where he worked for three years as a junior analyst and became a senior analyst In 1984 he worked in the credit department of Citibank Argentina in Buenos Aires Macri joined Socma Group the same year and became its general manager in 1985 In 1992 he became vice president of Sevel Argentina then manufacturing Fiat and Peugeot automobiles under licence in Argentina as part of Socma and became president two years later 28 Boca Juniors nbsp Mauricio Macri and Martin Palermo football player of Boca Juniors Macri intended to run for chairman of sports club Boca Juniors in 1991 but his father convinced him to keep working at Sevel He tried to buy the Deportivo Espanol team but could not get support from the team s board of directors Macri supported Boca Juniors paying coach Cesar Luis Menotti s salary and buying players for the team including forward Walter Perazzo Franco skeptical about his son s prospects for success later allowed him to run Boca Juniors He instructed aide Orlando Salvestrini to work with Mauricio for two reasons to help him and to monitor his activities Mauricio met with former Boca Juniors chairmen Antonio Alegre and Carlos Heller and tried to convince them to work with him both rebuffed him Macri later sought the support of other groups in Boca Juniors eventually winning the team s internal elections in 1995 with 7 058 votes 29 30 His first years were unsuccessful the team s performance was poor players frequently complained about salaries and bonuses and Macri changed coaches three times The only initial improvement was a partial reconstruction of the stadium He arranged for the Boca Juniors institution to operate on the stock exchange selling shares of active football players owned by the club 31 Macri s first coach was Carlos Salvador Bilardo who brought 14 new players to the team and finished the 1996 Apertura league in 10th place 32 His second coach Hector Veira also performed poorly 33 New coach Carlos Bianchi helped Juan Roman Riquelme improve his performance and had Martin Palermo and Guillermo Barros Schelotto as effective forwards They won the first two tournaments beginning a record 40 match unbeaten run 34 During his tenure at the helm of Boca Juniors the xeneize team obtained sixteen titles which established him as the president of the institution that has obtained the most football titles displacing Alberto J Armando to second place with twelve total titles 35 Macri has been trying to reform the Argentine soccer statutes for almost two decades to allow clubs to become sports limited companies 36 Early political career nbsp Macri in 2007In 1991 Macri was kidnapped for 12 days by officers of the Argentine Federal Police Kept in a small room with a chemical toilet and a hole in the roof to receive food he was freed when his family reportedly paid a multimillion dollar ransom 37 Macri has said that the ordeal led him to enter politics 38 Macri entered politics in 2003 founding the centre right party Commitment to Change Spanish Compromiso para el Cambio 39 The party was intended to be a source of new politicians since the major parties were discredited after the December 2001 riots 40 Later that year Macri ran for mayor of Buenos Aires alongside Horacio Rodriguez Larreta Although he won the first round of the election with 37 percent of the vote 41 he lost the runoff election with 46 percent of the vote going to sitting mayor Anibal Ibarra who was re elected 42 In 2005 Macri joined Ricardo Lopez Murphy of Recrear in a political coalition the Republican Proposal PRO and was elected to the Chamber of Deputies with 33 9 percent of the vote 43 His campaigns were managed by Jaime Duran Barba 44 According to a 2007 report Macri had participated in only 44 of 321 votings he countered that he had become disappointed with Congress since bills sent by the president were not open to debate or amendment 45 Ibarra was impeached and removed from office in 2006 as a result of the Republica Cromanon nightclub fire and his term was completed by vice chief of government Jorge Telerman 46 During 2006 Macri worked both on his political activities as deputy and with his presidency of Boca Juniors Before the 2007 general elections he negotiated with the likely presidential candidate Jorge Sobisch the governor of Neuquen Province to create a national right wing political coalition 47 This conflicted with Macri s alliance with Ricardo Lopez Murphy who also intended to run for president and had denounced Sobisch for corruption Later that year Sobisch s image was severely tarnished when teacher Carlos Fuentealba was killed during a union demonstration in Neuquen 48 nbsp Macri center with President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner left and Buenos Aires Governor Daniel Scioli right in 2008He immediately backed out of his pact with Sobisch and remained neutral during the national election 49 which was won by Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner of the Front for Victory FPV 50 In February 2007 Macri announced that he would run again for mayor of Buenos Aires heading the PRO slate with Gabriela Michetti In the 2 June 2007 first round he received 45 6 percent of the vote and defeated government backed Daniel Filmus who received 23 8 percent of the vote incumbent Jorge Telerman finished third In the 24 June runoff election Macri defeated Filmus with 60 96 percent of the vote 51 For the 2009 midterm elections he allied with Francisco de Narvaez and Felipe Sola The alliance was successful De Narvaez defeated former president Nestor Kirchner in Buenos Aires Province and Gabriela Michetti won the city election With this defeat the Kirchners lost their majority in both chambers of the Congress Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner whose public image was good after the death and state funeral of Nestor Kirchner in late 2010 ran for re election Macri who was considered a likely candidate for the opposition ran for re election as mayor instead He won the first round on 10 July 2011 with 47 08 percent of the vote against Filmus s 27 78 percent and then the 31 July runoff against Filmus with 64 25 percent of the vote 52 Buenos Aires administrationPublic transport nbsp Macri on a 200 Series train on Line A of the Buenos Aires Underground January 2013Macri s administration worked on public transport in an attempt to reduce auto traffic in Buenos Aires One project was the Metrobus a bus rapid transit system added to the city s main streets By the end of Macri s term as mayor the 50 5 kilometre 31 4 mi system had five lines and 113 stations 53 Other streets have bikeways to promote cycling and the city created its EcoBici bicycle sharing scheme By the end of Macri s administration about 155 km 96 mi of bicycle lanes were constructed and 49 of the planned 200 automated bicycle sharing stations were built 54 Several level crossings on the city s commuter rail network were replaced by tunnels to improve road and rail traffic flow 55 Under Macri the city committed to two large rail infrastructure projects running viaducts through the center of the city to extend the Belgrano Sur Line and raising the San Martin Line to eliminate level crossings 56 nbsp Macri with President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner during the inauguration of Autopista Illia in 2014Macri proposed the Red de Expresos Regionales project to link the city s main railway terminals and lines with a series of tunnels as of 2018 in the term of his successor Horacio Rodriguez Larreta the project is still in the planning stages 57 The Buenos Aires Underground initially maintained by the national government was the subject of a year long dispute between him and the Fernandez de Kirchner government The national government sought to transfer it to the city which Macri supported but the budget and length of the transition period were contested He announced that the city would take over the underground on 13 November 2012 58 Line A which was using wooden cars almost a century old received a fleet of modern cars from the national government Line H also received new cars 59 60 Madrid Metro rolling stock purchases for Line B were criticised despite their technical superiority for having a limited compatibility with the line and costing more than new trains for the city s commuter rail network 61 Metropolitan police nbsp Macri inspecting Metropolitan Police graduatesBuenos Aires initially a federal district with limited autonomy had become an autonomous city with the 1994 amendment of the Constitution of Argentina The Argentine Federal Police under national government jurisdiction still worked in the city and disputes over a potential transfer to a local force were unresolved when Macri was elected He unsuccessfully tried to negotiate a transfer with President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner As an alternative in 2008 Macri proposed a bill for the creation of the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Police to work with federal police in the city The bill supported by the PRO and the Kirchnerite blocs was rejected by Civic Coalition blocs and those aligned with Ibarra Elisa Carrio leader of the Civic Coalition thought that Macri had abandoned the transfer request and Ibarra said that the forces duties would overlap 62 The Metropolitan Police began with nearly 1 000 officers the Federal Police had 17 000 officers working in the city As a result the metropolitan police worked on a small scale during the transition and more complex tasks were reserved for the federal police 63 Jorge Alberto Palacios was the first chief of the Metropolitan Police A member of the police unit which rescued Macri from his kidnappers Palacios was fired by then President Nestor Kirchner for his alleged involvement in the murder of Axel Blumberg for which he was acquitted His appointment was controversial Palacios had been investigated for concealing evidence of the 1994 AMIA bombing 64 and he resigned a short time later 65 The transfer of police protection to the city was completed during the Larreta administration 66 Same sex marriage nbsp Macri and Archbishop Jorge Bergoglio now Pope Francis A gay couple Jose Maria Di Bello and Alex Freyre started a judicial case so that they could get married in Buenos Aires They challenged articles 172 and 188 of the civil code which restrict marriage to people of different genders as unconstitutional Judge Gabriela Seijas agreed and the couple married in 2009 It was the first same sex marriage in Argentina Macri did not appeal the ruling saying that same sex marriage was becoming universally accepted and individuals had a right to happiness He compared the controversy with the sanctioning of divorce during the 1980s after the restoration of democracy in Argentina highly controversial at first it was eventually accepted 67 A federal law permitting same sex marriage was passed the following year 68 Macri s refusal to appeal the sentence affected his relationship with Archbishop Jorge Bergoglio who later became Pope Francis Bergoglio opposed same sex marriage and expected Macri to appeal the ruling According to the archbishop a lower court judge should not establish the constitutionality of a law and Macri should have appealed the ruling in a higher court Bergoglio was also annoyed by what he considered a lack of communication between himself and Macri 69 Presidential elections2015 Argentine general election Main article 2015 Argentine general election Further information Presidential debates in Argentina and Ballotage in Argentina nbsp Macri s 2015 presidential campaign logoMacri ran for president of Argentina in 2015 With President Cristina Kirchner unable to run early opinion polls indicated a close three way race between Macri Kirchnerite governor Daniel Scioli and Tigre mayor Sergio Massa 70 Other minor parties such as the Radical Civic Union UCR the Civic Coalition CC and some socialist parties made a political coalition the Broad Front UNEN This coalition disbanded before the elections and the UCR and CC made a coalition with the PRO named Cambiemos English Let s change Macri supported Horacio Rodriguez Larreta against Gabriela Michetti in the PRO primary elections for mayor of Buenos Aires Larreta won the primary and general elections and Michetti was selected as Macri s vice presidential candidate Maria Eugenia Vidal Macri s deputy mayor ran on the Cambiemos ticket for governor of Buenos Aires Province a populous province which was strategic to the elections Macri and Massa negotiated a coalition against Kirchnerism which would have seen Massa withdraw from the presidential race to run for governor of Buenos Aires on the Cambiemos ticket Macri declined this proposal kept Vidal as the party s candidate for governor and Massa ran for president with his own party 71 Macri Carrio and Ernesto Sanz ran in the primary elections which Macri won 72 Pre election polls indicated that Scioli would win by a wide margin possibly avoiding a ballotage The final results showed Scioli finishing first with 37 08 percent just ahead of Macri s 34 15 percent leading to a ballotage round on 22 November Massa finished third with 21 percent of the vote and the other two candidates contended for his voters Scioli and Macri were polarized about the presidency of Cristina Kirchner Scioli wanted to keep most Kirchnerite policies and Macri wanted to change them In the legislative elections the Front for Victory FPV lost its majority in the Chamber of Deputies but kept it in the Senate 73 nbsp Macri campaigning in Cordoba in August 2015Scioli did not participate in the first presidential debate which was held with the other five candidates When the ballotage was confirmed Macri agreed to a debate with Scioli 74 Two debates were planned one by the Argentina Debate NGO and another by TV news channel Todo Noticias TN Macri preferred a single debate and opted for the one organized by Argentina Debate 75 He criticized Scioli for negative campaigning by the FPV 76 Several politicians and FPV institutions had issued warnings about what might happen if Macri were elected president 77 According to Scioli the campaign was intended to encourage public awareness 78 It was rumored that the campaign might have been suggested by Brazilian political consultant Joao Santana who had organized a similar campaign in Brazil during the ballotage of Dilma Rousseff and Aecio Neves in the 2014 Brazilian general election 79 The ballotage was held on 22 November Scioli conceded with 70 percent of the votes counted and provisional results of 53 and 47 percent 80 The gap between the candidates slowly narrowed over the next few hours giving Macri a smaller margin of victory than most exit polls suggested 81 His election ended a dozen years of Kirchnerism in Argentina 82 For The Economist this was the end of populism Macri s victory could transform his country and the region 83 Macri owed his victory to Cordoba the second largest province swinging dramatically to support him he carried the province by over 930 000 votes in the second round far exceeding his nationwide margin of 680 600 votes Buenos Aires also swung hard to Macri giving its mayor over 64 percent of the vote in the second round 84 2019 Argentine general election Main article 2019 Argentine general election On 11 August 2019 Macri scored the primary election which gave him renomination as his party s candidate in the 2019 general election 85 He was renominated but scored only 32 compared to 47 to populist Peronist Alberto Fernandez and his running mate two term former president Cristina Kirchner in their primary for Frente de Todos 86 In the 27 October general election Fernandez won the presidency by attaining 48 1 of the vote to Macri s 40 4 exceeding the threshold required to win without the need for a ballotage 87 Alberto Fernandez emerged from an electrifying election night as Argentina s next president without the need for a ballottage despite Mauricio Macri s surprising rebound from the primaries 88 PresidencyMain article Presidency of Mauricio Macri Presidential styles of Mauricio Macri nbsp Reference styleExcelentisimo Senor Presidente de la Nacion Most Excellent President of the Nation Spoken stylePresidente de la Nacion President of the Nation Alternative styleSenor Presidente Mister President Inauguration Main article Inauguration of Mauricio Macri Macri announced his cabinet on 25 November 2015 about two weeks before he was due to take office 89 90 91 The presidential transition was difficult Macri and Kirchner met briefly she provided no help to the new administration and spoke only about the inauguration ceremony 92 They disagreed about its location Kirchner wanted it to take place at the Palace of the Argentine National Congress and Macri favoured the White Hall of the Casa Rosada 93 94 Plans for violence against Macri supporters near the Plaza during the inauguration were rumoured and it was unclear who would control the police during the ceremony 95 Judge Maria Servini de Cubria ruled that Kirchner s term of office ended at midnight on the morning of 10 December and provisional Senate president Federico Pinedo was in charge of the executive branch for the 12 hours between the end of Kirchner s term and Macri s swearing in 96 Kirchner left Buenos Aires that day to attend the inauguration of sister in law Alicia Kirchner as governor of Santa Cruz Province 97 Macri took office on 10 December He took the oath of office at the National Congress of Argentina after Vice President Gabriela Michetti Macri delivered a 27 minute speech pledging support for an independent judiciary to fight corruption and drug trafficking the internal union of Argentina universal social protection a 21st century style of education and for everyone to have a roof water and sewer and greeted his electoral rivals 98 nbsp Macri receives the presidential sash from acting president Federico Pinedo He later went to the Casa Rosada and received the presidential sash in the White Hall from Senate President Federico Pinedo accompanied by Michetti Chamber of Deputies President Emilio Monzo and Supreme Court President Ricardo Lorenzetti Minutes later Macri went to the balcony and told the crowd in the Plaza de Mayo that Argentines deserve to live better and we are about to start a wonderful period for our country I promise to always tell the truth and show where our problems are He called on all Argentines to follow his administration and alert them when the government makes mistakes 99 After his swearing in Macri hosted a reception at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs San Martin Palace for heads of state Michelle Bachelet Chile Horacio Cartes Paraguay Juan Manuel Santos Colombia Rafael Correa Ecuador Evo Morales Bolivia Dilma Rousseff Brazil and King Juan Carlos I of Spain and representatives of other countries who attended his inauguration 100 Economic policy See also 2018 Argentine monetary crisis nbsp Macri at the World Economic Forum January 2018 Macri began his presidency with economic difficulties carried over from previous governments The Central Bank of Argentina s reserves were depleted inflation was over 30 percent although the widely discredited National Institute of Statistics and Census of Argentina INDEC provided a lower figure The country had the highest tax rates in its history but the government budget balance had an eight percent deficit There had been a sovereign default since 2001 and a conflict existed with hedge funds tight currency controls had been in place since 2011 Since Argentina is a developing country a global drop in commodity prices reduced trade revenue 101 One of Macri s first economic policies was the removal of currency controls allowing Argentines to freely buy and sell foreign currencies Argentina has had a floating exchange rate since then with intervention from the Central Bank 102 and the Argentine peso was devalued by 30 percent 103 Another early policy was the removal of export quotas and tariffs on corn and wheat 104 Tariffs on soybeans the most lucrative Argentine export were reduced from 35 to 30 percent 105 nbsp Argentine delegation to the World Economic Forum in Davos in 2016 It was the return of the country to the conference after 11 years of absence Macri wanted to negotiate with holdouts and end the default to return to the international capital markets and strengthen the national economy 106 Argentina offered to pay 6 5 billion to settle lawsuits on 5 February 2016 requesting that the prior ruling on its payments be lifted 107 Although Cambiemos did not have a majority in either house of Congress the bill was approved in March and Argentina faced a court hearing in New York on 13 April 108 The court upheld judge Thomas P Griesa s ruling allowing Argentina to pay the 2005 and 2010 bondholders to whom it was still in default 109 The payment made with a bond sale 110 was reportedly the end of the Argentine default which had begun in 2001 111 nbsp Macri with former president Bill Clinton Italian prime minister Matteo Renzi economist Ngozi Okonjo Iweala and London mayor Sadiq Khan at the Clinton Global InitiativeOn 19 January 2016 Macri attended the World Economic Forum in Davos Switzerland with opposition figure Sergio Massa and part of his cabinet in a search for investors 112 He was one of the best known figures at the meeting along with Canadian prime minister Justin Trudeau and US vice president Joe Biden 113 It was the first time since 2003 that Argentina had participated in the forum 114 During Macri s first year economic recovery was slow Unemployment and inflation remained high and growth did not come as expected 115 Kirchner s Careful Pricing price control program which benefited small and medium sized enterprises was kept with a revision of its included products The government began several public works projects to stimulate the economy and help the construction sector 116 Political intervention in the INDEC figures ended and the International Monetary Fund IMF declared in November 2016 that Argentine statistics were again in accordance with international standards 117 The Organisation for Economic Co operation and Development OECD estimated that Argentina would emerge from recession in 2017 or 2018 and lowered its country risk classification from seven points to six 118 Inflation continued to be a problem with a rate of 25 in 2017 second only to Venezuela in South America and the highest rate in the G20 On 28 December the Central Bank of Argentina together with the Treasury announced a change of the inflation target This was seen by the market as a relaxation of the monetary policy They attempted to reduce it to 15 but these efforts failed 119 120 Between 2017 and 2018 the government cut import tariffs on capital goods and eliminated tariffs on the importation of technology products to encourage investment 121 122 123 124 The deregulation area allowed the incorporation of low cost airlines such as JetSmart Norwegian and Flybondi 125 The economy worsened in 2018 inflation remained high due in part to a trade deficit The production of soy the country s main export had been reduced by a drought which was among the worst natural disasters in the world that year 126 The US Federal Reserve increased its interest rates which raised the price of the US dollar against other currencies 127 The Central Bank of Argentina increased the interest rate to 60 percent but could not hold off inflation 128 nbsp Macri negotiating the loan with Christine Lagarde Managing Director of the IMF Macri announced on 8 May that Argentina would seek a loan from the IMF The initial loan was US 50bn 129 Federico Sturzenegger president of the Central Bank resigned a week later Macri replaced him with Luis Caputo and merged the ministries of treasury and finances into a single ministry led by Nicolas Dujovne 130 The US Turkey diplomatic conflict caused a new increase on the US dollar As a result of the crisis the tariffs on soy exports were restored Caputo resigned and Guido Sandleris replaced him as president of the Central Bank 131 The IMF expanded the loan with an extra 7 billion on the condition that the Central Bank would only adjust the price of the peso against the US dollar under certain conditions 132 For 2019 the government accelerated the austerity plans with less expenses and more taxes to completely remove the fiscal deficit 133 Energy policy nbsp Macri announcing an investment deal for the Vaca Muerta shale deposit in PatagoniaPrices for public utilities such as electricity gas and water were fixed in 2002 by president Eduardo Duhalde during the 1998 2002 Argentine great depression The Kirchners kept them fixed and the state subsidized them to compensate for inflation which rose by nearly 700 percent during their government 39 Investment in the utility sectors decreased and generation and distribution networks deteriorated Argentina lost its self sufficiency and went from an energy exporter to an importer 134 The cost of energy imports increased the trade deficit and the inflation rate and power outages became frequent 135 The Kirchners left the grid on the brink of collapse 136 while their lavish subsidies were a large factor in the fiscal deficit that harmed the overall economy 39 In 2016 Minister Juan Jose Aranguren arranged the removal of state subsidies for electricity gas and water which caused a huge increase in prices for those utilities The increases were met with protests in several cities 137 Because mandatory public hearings had not been held on the price increases these were annulled by the courts The Supreme Court upheld a temporary halt of the price increase for residential customers in September 2016 138 Seeking to increase energy production Macri signed an investment deal for the Vaca Muerta shale deposit in Patagonia Roughly the size of Belgium Vaca Muerta has the second largest reserve of shale gas in the world To finalise the deal the unions negotiated flexibility in labour costs which had been the main drawback to industrial development in the area The Neuquen Province government pledged to improve roads and general infrastructure 139 Human rights Human rights organizations had aligned themselves with the governments of both Nestor and Cristina Kirchner even in topics unrelated to human rights and often worked as their spokesmen They continued this role after 2015 when Macri defeated the Kirchnerite candidate in the presidential elections 140 which undermined the legitimacy of the organizations in Argentine society 141 Macri maintained a distant relation with those organizations and did not seek their support but did not openly confront them They kept their funding and the institutions under their control and the trials of military personnel for crimes in the Dirty War 1974 1983 continued Nevertheless the organizations continued their opposition to Macri 142 His cabinet was divided on an approach to take whether to directly confront the organizations and remove their state financing or to take an active role in their activities and replace their leaders with less politically motivated figures 143 The general policy however was to ignore the disputes and focus the activities of the government towards more pressing matters such as the economy 144 The government modified the public holiday for the Day of Remembrance for Truth and Justice which makes reference to the 1976 Argentine coup d etat to allow it to be celebrated on a movable date This ruling was met with huge criticism 145 The ruling was reverted some days later and the holiday was kept at the fixed date of 24 March 146 Social issues The NiUnaMenos movement which advanced a feminist agenda in Argentina since 2015 stayed strong during the Macri presidency Macri said during the 2018 opening of the National Congress that although he was anti abortion he wanted the Congress to have an abortion debate and discuss a bill for a new abortion law 147 As of 2018 abortion was only legally allowed for rapes and cases that may threaten the mother s health The feminist movement organized several demonstrations in the following months in support of the voluntary termination of pregnancy abortion bill that was proposed in Congress The proposal however became highly polarizing The country has a strong conservative catholic population particularly in the less populated provinces who rejected the bill This polarization was unrelated to the political polarization of the country and the legislators of both Cambiemos and the Justicialist Party PJ were divided on the vote 148 The bill was approved by the Chamber of Deputies in June but opposition became more organized after its approval 149 and the Senate rejected the bill by 38 to 31 votes 150 In December 2017 police officer Luis Chocobar killed a fleeing man who had stabbed an American tourist in La Boca Buenos Aires Macri hosted him in early 2018 and hailed him as a hero His administration would later enact the Chocobar doctrine broadening the rights of police officer to exercise lethal force when responding to criminal cases 151 Foreign relations nbsp Mauricio Macri US president Donald Trump and their respective first ladies at the White House in the United StatesDuring Macri s presidency Argentina s foreign relations shifted substantially from those under Kirchner He immediately proposed action against Nicolas Maduro in Venezuela for human rights abuses and to remove that country from Mercosur 152 This shift was part of a change in the Latin American pink tide 153 The other countries in the bloc also opposed Maduro s socialist government and prevented Venezuela from taking the pro tempore presidency of Mercosur The bloc sought a trade and cooperation agreement with the European Union and closer ties with the Pacific Alliance 154 Macri agreed with Brazilian president Michel Temer to guarantee free trade between their countries 155 Macri and Temer increased their interest in better trade relations with Mexico the second largest economy in Latin America after Mexican American relations started to turn sour under the Trump administration 156 Argentina and Venezuela had troubled relations at the time The 2017 Venezuelan Constituent Assembly election was considered illegal by Argentina which does not acknowledge the legislative body established by it 157 Macri also removed the Order of the Liberator General San Martin award from Maduro 158 Argentina signed the Declaration of Lima which established the Lima Group a supranational body of countries that consider Venezuela to be under a dictatorship and want to restore its democracy 159 Maduro was re elected in the 2018 Venezuelan presidential election and took office for a new term on 10 January 2019 This started the 2019 Venezuelan presidential crisis as many countries believed that Maduro had committed electoral fraud Argentina and Brazil under the newly elected Jair Bolsonaro refused to acknowledge Maduro as a legitimate ruler They instead acknowledged Juan Guaido who was appointed president of Venezuela by the National Assembly 160 Furthermore during the Venezuelan uprising attempt of April 2019 Macri supported anti Maduro military forces and reiterated his position of recognizing Guaido as legitimate President of Venezuela 161 nbsp Macri and German chancellor Angela Merkel during the 2017 G20 Summit in HamburgMacri also shifted Argentina s relations with the United States During a visit in 2016 president Barack Obama praised him I m impressed because he has moved rapidly on so many of the reforms that he promised to create more sustainable and inclusive economic growth to reconnect Argentina with the global economy and the world community Obama announced that the US would declassify its military and intelligence records of the 1970s Dirty War 162 Foreign Minister Susana Malcorra supported Democrat Hillary Clinton in the 2016 US presidential election which was won by Republican Donald Trump Macri tried to remain in good terms with the US after the Trump was elected president In 2019 Trump declassified more than 5 600 US documents about the Dirty War 163 Macri maintained the Argentine claim in the Falkland Islands sovereignty dispute However he took a less confrontational stance towards the United Kingdom and allowed more flights between Argentina and the islands Relations between Argentina and the UK improved greatly but both Argentine and the United Kingdom maintain their respective claim on the islands 164 nbsp Macri acknowledged Juan Guaido as president of Venezuela during the 2019 Venezuelan presidential crisis Macri changed Argentina s position on conflicts in the Middle East During Macri s first week in office he voided the memorandum of understanding between Argentina and Iran which would have established a joint investigation of the 1994 AMIA bombing a terrorist attack on a Jewish organization for which Argentina had blamed Hezbollah and Iran The memorandum had been ruled unconstitutional by the judiciary a ruling which was appealed during Kirchner s presidency Macri withdrew the appeal upholding the original ruling 165 He distanced himself from Iran and encouraged continued investigations of the AMIA bombing and the death of Alberto Nisman a prosecutor investigating the case 166 Those cases and Nisman s probe into Cristina Kirchner involvement with Iran have special importance for Argentina Israel relations and ambassador Carlos Faustino Garcia and Israeli diplomat Modi Efraim praised Macri for encouraging the investigations 167 Macri further improved relations with Israel and in September 2017 Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu became the first Israeli Prime Minister to ever visit Argentina 168 169 In July 2016 it was announced that Argentina would grant asylum to 3 000 refugees of the Syrian Civil War 170 In July 2019 Macri designated Hezbollah as a terrorist organization in relation to the Israeli embassy bombing and especially related to the AMIA bombing 171 Midterm elections nbsp Mauricio Macri during the electoral campaign of 2017Main article 2017 Argentine legislative election The 2017 Argentine legislative election renewed a third of the seats in the Senate and half in the chamber of deputies 172 The election was considered a referendum on the presidency of Macri up to that point Kirchner leader of the opposition ran for senator for the populous Buenos Aires province She left the PJ to avoid the primary elections and created a new party Citizen s Unity Esteban Bullrich minister of education was the candidate of Cambiemos in the district Kirchner and Bullrich had a close tie in the primary election and Kirchner prevailed by just 0 21 percent of the vote 173 The electoral campaign however was largely ignored as the media was focused on the ongoing controversy over the disappearance of Santiago Maldonado see below Kirchner used the case in her political campaign stating that Maldonado was the victim of a forced disappearance similar to those of the Dirty War 174 Maldonado was found dead a few days before the general elections and the circumstances and autopsy refuted Kirchner s theory Cambiemos won in thirteen of the twenty three provinces of Argentina and in the five most populated districts 172 Kirchner ended in a distant second place as a result of the higher turnout for the general elections 175 ControversiesThis article s criticism or controversy section may compromise the article s neutrality Please help rewrite or integrate negative information to other sections January 2023 Wiretapping case Sergio Burstein was the leader of a group of people whose relatives died in the AMIA bombing Macri was charged in a 2010 wiretapping case suspected of spying on Burstein and his brother in law Nestor Daniel Leonardo Macri denied the charges Judge Norberto Oyarbide indicted him and Federal Chamber members Eduardo Farah Eduardo Freiler and Jorge Ballestero confirmed the indictment It was suspected at the time that Macri had organized a clandestine spy network with the aid of Jorge Alberto Palacios and Ciro James The case was transferred to judge Sebastian Casanello who ordered further investigation It was learned that Macri had little knowledge about Palacios daily activities and his minister Mariano Narodowski had appointed James Franco Macri the president s father admitted to hiring private agencies to spy on Daniel Leonardo 176 Although Casanello dismissed the charges in 2015 177 Leonardo appealed the ruling the dismissal was upheld several months later in federal court Farah Freiler and Ballestero voted for acquittal others involved in the case including Palacios are still under investigation 176 Panama Papers In 2016 the Panama Papers were leaked comprising 11 5 million documents detailing offshore entities owned by people from many countries Macri was listed as a director of Fleg Trading from 1998 to 2009 He did not declare his involvement in 2007 when he became mayor or in 2015 when he became president Prosecutor Federico Delgado asked the judiciary to determine if Macri maliciously failed to complete his tax declaration Macri argued that he did not report his involvement because he was not a stakeholder and did not receive money from it 178 The company was established by his father to run a failed Brazilian business 179 Macri owns other foreign accounts with properly disclosed transactions 180 and said that he would file a judicial declaration of certainty to affirm his statements 181 A similar company Kagemusha was discovered several months later It was established in 1981 by Franco Macri with his then 22 year old son as its vice president 182 On 20 September 2017 civil judge Andres Fraga determined that in Fleg Trading Ltd Mauricio Macri accepted the position of director for the sole and only effect of designating a replacement and resigning and that in Kagemusha he did not even tacitly accept the position of director for which he was appointed by Franco Macri The ruling added that he was not a shareholder in either of the two companies that he did not receive any dividends or profits did not participate in the business decisions nor was he the owner or co owner of any current bank account of the companies 183 Detention of Milagro Sala Gerardo Morales of the UCR was elected governor of Jujuy Province in the 2015 elections Although the UCR was part of Cambiemos in federal politics it was allied with Sergio Massa in the province Morales was the first non Peronist governor in the province since 1983 184 He opposed activist Milagro Sala accusing her of leading a government parallel to that of Eduardo Fellner 185 According to Morales Sala led a violent and coercive group and children were forced to join her party to attend school 186 When he was elected governor Morales ordered all organizations to operate though banks instead of on a cash basis to retain their legal standing 187 Sala began a protest in front of the government plaza but most of her supporters accepted Morales s edict 188 Prosecutor Viviana Montiel asked local judge Raul Gutierrez to order Sala s arrest for causing a disturbance and encouraging crime Gutierrez agreed and Sala was arrested on 16 January 2016 189 After Sala s arrest she was charged with embezzlement in connection with housing construction Although her initial charges were dropped she remained in jail on the later ones The case generated international criticism and the United Nations and the Organization of American States requested her release Macri said that the case was under provincial not federal jurisdiction 190 Amnesty International considers that Milagro Sala is being criminalized for peacefully exercising her rights to freedom of expression and protest and along with other human rights groups have called for the granting of precautionary measures to guarantee the liberty of Milagro Sala along with the exercise of freedom of expression and the right to social protest in Argentina 191 192 193 The Supreme Court refused to hear the case which continues in the province 194 Death of Santiago Maldonado nbsp Demonstration in support of Maldonado during the Day of Remembrance for Truth and Justice Main article Death of Santiago Maldonado The Benetton Group has territories at the Chubut Province and the Mapuche indigenous people claim that those territories belonged to them Facundo Jones Huala from the Resistencia Ancestral Mapuche group 195 was jailed because of violent protests and a group of eight people organized a picketing protest at the National Route 40 advocating for his liberation The road was completely blocked by stones trees and fire Judge Guido Otranto instructed the Argentine National Gendarmerie GNA to clear the blockade and disperse the protesters The protesters reacted violently then escaped from the GNA Some of them swam across the nearby Chubut River and others hid in the adjacent forest 196 One of those protesters was Santiago Maldonado and his whereabouts were unknown after the incident Kirchnerist and human rights organizations considered that Maldonado was a victim of a forced disappearance and posited that he could be the first victim of a wider plan of political repression 197 Other theories were proposed during the investigation that he escaped to Chile that he was hiding or that he had been murdered some days before in an unrelated crime and was never in the protest at all the protesters wore hoods 198 It was also proposed that he could have drowned but the Mapuches held control of the area and impeded access by the GNA 199 When the GNA did enter the area the corpse was found in the river 200 An autopsy confirmed his identity that the body had no signs of blows or injuries and that he died by asphyxia and hypothermia The judicial case was closed a year later as the judge ruled that there was no forced disappearance and that there was no further evidence pointing towards anything other than an accidental drowning 201 nbsp Arms of Mauricio Macri as member of the Order of Isabella the CatholicARA San Juan On 15 November 2017 the submarine ARA San Juan S 42 went missing There were several irregularities both in the search process and in the communication with the families of those affected by the accident The families started a judiciary process to establish the chain of responsibilities in the process In a recent hearing one of the accused stated that the government knew the location of the submarine and found it in 5 December 2017 but kept the finding secret until a year after when on 16 November 2018 was communicated that the submarine was found 202 2019 Bolivian political crisis During the last days of his tenure as President allegations of electoral fraud and subsequent protests occurred in Bolivia leading to the 2019 Bolivian political crisis This caused President Evo Morales to resign and the military and police of Bolivia clashed with pro Morales protesters resulting in dozens of deaths from the engagement The government of Macri immediately recognized the legitimacy of the interim presidency of Jeanine Anez and denied Morales asylum and also blocked Argentine air space for Morales s airplane to fly over Argentina in the bid to escape Bolivia to seek asylum in Mexico 203 In July 2021 Bolivian Foreign Minister Rogelio Mayta accused the Macri s government of providing weaponry to the Bolivian security forces which engaged in the Senkata and Secaba massacres In the report the government of Luis Arce who succeeded Anez also denounced Security Minister of Macri Patricia Bullrich and other officials for the conflict 203 The denounciation was based on a thank you letter from aviation general Jorge Gonzalo Terceros Lara Lara denounced that the letter was a forgery and that he resigned on 13 November 2019 the same day the alleged letter was sent 204 His lawyer also pointed that anti riot weapons would be useless for the aviation military and would have made no sense for Lara to request them 204 Former chancellor Karen Longaric pointed as well that if the shipment arrived in Bolivia the same day that Anez became president it would have had to be prepared and sent while Morales was still president 204 Longaric also pointed that regardless of the wording the letter does not mention war weapons but just police weapons whose trade between nations in good standing is regular and non controversial 204 Personal lifeHis first wife was Ivonne Bordeu daughter of race car driver Juan Manuel Bordeu They had three sons Agustina Jimena and Francisco After they divorced Macri married model Isabel Menditeguy in 1994 Macri s father Franco requested a prenuptial agreement Although the marriage reached a crisis when Macri became chairman of Boca Juniors they did not divorce until 2005 He began a romance with Maria Laura Groba which did not lead to marriage Macri left Groba in 2010 after which began a relationship with businesswoman Juliana Awada 205 and married Awada that year At the wedding reception he wore a fake moustache as part of his impersonation of singer Freddie Mercury Macri accidentally swallowed the moustache and Minister of Health Jorge Lemus performed first aid to save his life 206 207 He is a very good bridge player and represented Argentina at the 45th World Bridge Team Championships in 2022 208 Electoral historyExecutive Electoral history of Mauricio Macri Election Office List Votes Result Ref Total P 2003 1 R Chief of Government of Buenos Aires Commitment to Change 660 748 37 55 2nd Round 2 209 2003 2 R Commitment to Change 807 385 46 52 2nd Not elected2007 1 R Republican Proposal 798 292 45 76 1st Round 2 210 2007 2 R Republican Proposal 1 007 729 60 94 1st Elected2011 1 R Republican Proposal 836 608 47 07 1st Round 2 211 2011 2 R Republican Proposal 1 090 389 64 27 1st Elected2015 1 R President of Argentina Cambiemos 8 601 131 34 15 2nd Round 2 212 2015 2 R Cambiemos 12 988 349 51 34 1st Elected2019 Juntos por el Cambio 10 811 586 40 28 2nd Not elected 213 Legislative Electoral history of Mauricio Macri Election Office List District Votes Result Ref Total P 2005 National Deputy Republican Proposal 1 City of Buenos Aires 611 178 34 09 1st a Elected 214 Presented on an electoral list The data shown represents the share of the vote the entire party alliance received in that constituency HonoursNational honours nbsp Argentina Grand Master of the Order of the Liberator General San Martin 215 nbsp Argentina Grand Master of the Order of May 216 Foreign honours nbsp Brazil Grand Collar of the Order of the Southern Cross awarded by Michel Temer 217 Grand Collar of the Order of Industrial Merit of Sao Paulo awarded by the Federation of Industries of the State of Sao Paulo 218 nbsp France Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour awarded by Francois Hollande 219 nbsp Italy Grand Officer of Order of the Star of Italian Solidarity awarded by Giorgio Napolitano 220 nbsp Italy Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic awarded by Sergio Mattarella 221 nbsp Japan Grand Cordon of the Order of the Chrysanthemum 222 nbsp Mexico Grand Cross of the Order of the Aztec Eagle awarded by Enrique Pena Nieto 223 nbsp Netherlands Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Netherlands Lion awarded by Willem Alexander of the Netherlands 224 nbsp Norway Grand Cross of the Order of St Olav awarded by King Harald V 225 nbsp Spain Knight of the Collar of the Order of Isabella the Catholic awarded by Felipe VI of Spain 226 AncestryAncestors of Mauricio Macri 227 4 Giorgio MacriPolistena Calabria Italy2 Franco MacriRome Italy20 Augusto GarbiniItaly10 Galileo GarbiniItaly21 Giuseppa RocchiniItaly5 Lea Lidia GarbiniLazio Italy11 Erminia SensiniItaly1 Mauricio Macri Tandil Argentina24 Jose BlancoSpain12 Manuel Blanco SuarezSpain25 Josefa SuarezSpain6 Debilio Blanco VillegasRamallo Buenos Aires26 Casiano VillegasSpain13 Adela VillegasSan Nicolas de los Arroyos Buenos Aires27 Juana Leandra CenturionVilleta Paraguay3 Alicia Blanco VillegasBuenos Aires Argentina28 Vincenzo CinqueItaly14 Antonio CinqueItaly29 Candida CastellucciItaly7 Argentina Cinque30 Leonardo BarlettaItaly15 Giuseppa BarlettaItaly31 Carmen FilomenoItalyReferences Biografia del Presidente Mauricio Macri Casa Rosada in European Spanish Archived from the original on 20 July 2018 Retrieved 20 July 2018 Galeria de Presidentes Archived from the original on 16 November 2020 Retrieved 11 November 2020 Cue Carlos E 23 November 2015 Macri gana en Argentina y pone fin al kirchnerismo tras 12 anos El Pais Archived from the original on 28 June 2021 Retrieved 28 June 2021 Conservative Mauricio Macri wins Argentina presidency BBC 23 November 2015 Archived from the original on 28 June 2021 Retrieved 28 June 2021 Mauricio Macri wins Argentina presidential election Financial Times 23 November 2015 Archived from the original on 8 August 2021 Retrieved 8 August 2021 Mander Benedict 20 January 2016 Macri raises hopes for Argentina s economic renewal Financial Times Archived from the original on 23 February 2017 Retrieved 22 February 2017 Kerner Daniel October 2018 Mauricio Macri s failure to plan has put Argentina in a tight spot Financial Times Archived from the original on 25 July 2020 Retrieved 11 February 2021 Mander Benedict 18 October 2017 Election tests Macri s promise to make Argentina normal again Financial Times Archived from the original on 25 May 2021 Retrieved 11 February 2021 Diputados de Cambiemos lanzaron una mesa de trabajo para seguir de cerca la crisis de Venezuela Deputies of Cambiemos started a workgroup to follow the crisis in Venezuela in Spanish Infobae 6 July 2017 Archived from the original on 2 October 2018 Retrieved 1 October 2018 Crisis en Venezuela Macri reconocio a Juan Guaido como presidente interino La Nacion 23 January 2019 Archived from the original on 7 November 2020 Retrieved 11 February 2021 Mauricio Macri se reunio con Barack Obama en la Casa Rosada La Nacion Archived from the original on 8 November 2020 Retrieved 11 February 2021 Historico firman el acuerdo comercial entre el Mercosur y la Union Europea La Nacion 28 June 2019 Archived from the original on 12 November 2020 Retrieved 11 February 2021 Giro estrategico Macri busca un acercamiento a la Alianza del Pacifico La Nacion Archived from the original on 5 May 2021 Retrieved 11 February 2021 Macri confirmo que se cae definitivamente el memorandum con Iran La Nacion Archived from the original on 8 November 2020 Retrieved 11 February 2021 The Editorial Board 9 December 2019 Argentina must preserve anti corruption legacy Financial Times Archived from the original on 11 June 2020 Retrieved 6 June 2020 Wallencraft Jeff 31 October 2019 Mauricio Macri Biography Encyclopedia Britannica Archived from the original on 5 March 2019 Retrieved 6 June 2020 Mauricio Macri s long odds The Economist ISSN 0013 0613 Archived from the original on 11 June 2020 Retrieved 11 June 2020 Zorzoli Luciana 14 May 2019 The Consequences of Mr Macri Jacobin Archived from the original on 28 June 2020 Retrieved 6 June 2020 Gedan Benjamin N 24 October 2019 Mauricio Macri Was Bound for Disaster Foreign Policy Archived from the original on 11 June 2020 Retrieved 11 June 2020 Argentina 2019 inflation was 53 8 highest in 28 years Reuters 15 January 2020 Retrieved 9 July 2022 Mauricio Macri freezes prices The Economist ISSN 0013 0613 Retrieved 9 July 2022 Argentina how IMF s biggest ever bailout crumbled under Macri Financial Times 2 September 2019 Retrieved 9 July 2022 El salario real es el mas bajo de la ultima decada y preocupa al Gobierno argentino Bloomberg Linea in Spanish 13 April 2023 Retrieved 3 June 2023 Las Pymes en su peor momento el numero de cierres ya se acerca a 100 por dia infobae in European Spanish Retrieved 3 June 2023 a b Quien es Alicia Blanco Villegas la madre de Mauricio Macri Who is Alicia Blanco Villegas the mother of Mauricio Macri La Nacion in Spanish 16 October 2016 Archived from the original on 23 November 2016 Retrieved 22 November 2016 Los amigos de Macri del Cardenal Newman y la empresa al poder La Nacion 27 November 2015 Archived 19 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 17 June 2016 Todo Macri pp 8 10 a b Mauricio Macri s curriculum vitae Archived 27 June 2007 at the Wayback Machine CEMA accessed 23 November 2015 Todo Macri pp 29 33 Guillermo Dos Santos Coelho 3 December 2015 El dia de los 10 goles y la primera victoria de Macri The day of the 10 goals and the first victory of Macri Clarin in Spanish Archived from the original on 8 November 2018 Retrieved 8 November 2018 Boca Juniors ya esta en la Bolsa Boca Juniors is at the stock exchange Clarin in Spanish 23 September 1997 Archived from the original on 3 February 2018 Retrieved 22 May 2019 En el 96 Boca trajo 15 jugadores y salio en la mitad 14 February 2015 En el 96 Boca trajo 15 jugadores y salio en la mitad In the 96 Boca brought 15 players and ended in the middle in Spanish Ole Archived from the original on 3 December 2015 Retrieved 27 February 2016 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint numeric names authors list link Leblebidjian Christian 22 September 1998 El mejor arranque de Boca The best start of Boca La Nacion in Spanish Archived from the original on 6 March 2016 Retrieved 27 February 2016 A cuanto quedo el River de Gallardo del invicto del Boca de Bianchi How far is River from the unbeaten s run of Bianchi s Boca in Spanish TN 3 October 2018 Archived from the original on 7 November 2018 Retrieved 7 November 2018 Los momentos de Mauricio Macri en Boca que marcaron su perfil politico The moments of Mauricio Macri in Boca that left a mark in his political profile in Spanish Decision Retrieved 1 February 2023 El fantasma de las SAD vuelve a sobrevolar el futbol argentino 18 October 2018 Archived from the original on 16 August 2021 Retrieved 16 August 2021 Nash Nathaniel C 8 December 1991 Argentina Finds a Kidnapping Ring of Policemen New York Times Archived from the original on 25 November 2015 Retrieved 2 January 2016 Adrian Collins 23 November 2015 Kidnapped by police and the former chief executive of a football club who is Argentina s new president News Talk Archived from the original on 7 November 2018 Retrieved 7 November 2018 a b c Benedict Mander 9 September 2016 Interview Argentine president Mauricio Macri looks to end confrontational politics Financial Times Archived from the original on 6 November 2018 Retrieved 6 November 2018 Fabian Bosoer 23 November 2015 Macri y el PRO en el poder una suma de novedades historicas Macri and the PRO in power a sum of historical novelties Clarin in Spanish Archived from the original on 6 November 2018 Retrieved 6 November 2018 Macri le gana a Ibarra y hay ballottage Macri defeats Ibarra and there is ballotage La Nacion in Spanish 25 August 2003 Archived from the original on 20 December 2016 Retrieved 6 December 2016 Macri establecio un nuevo record en la ciudad Macri set a new score in the city La Nacion in Spanish 1 August 2011 Archived from the original on 18 October 2017 Retrieved 6 December 2016 Macri s profile Terra com ar Archived from the original on 27 May 2012 Retrieved 31 July 2012 El guru de Macri y De Narvaez reparte consejos a los politicos clarin 25 May 2009 Archived from the original on 18 October 2017 Retrieved 16 November 2015 Serra Laura 22 February 2007 Polemica por una lista de ausencias en Diputados Controversy over a list of absences in the chamber of deputies La Nacion in Spanish Archived from the original on 20 December 2016 Retrieved 7 December 2016 Castro Angeles 8 March 2006 La Legislatura destituyo a Ibarra The legislature removed Ibarra La Nacion in Spanish Archived from the original on 20 December 2016 Retrieved 7 December 2016 Oliver Galak 16 March 2005 Alianza de Macri y Sobisch para 2007 Alliance of Macri and Sobisch for 2007 La Nacion in Spanish Archived from the original on 7 November 2021 Retrieved 7 November 2018 Ariel Bofelli 4 July 2022 Macri se mete en la interna de Neuquen y apuntala a Sobisch como candidato Macri meddles into the Neuquen primaries and support Sobisch as candidate in Spanish Letra P Retrieved 1 February 2023 Macri volvio a tomar distancia del gobernador Jorge Sobisch Macri distanced himself again from governor Jorge Sobisch La Nacion in Spanish Archived from the original on 12 September 2014 Retrieved 31 July 2012 Attewill Fred 29 October 2007 Argentina elects first woman president The Guardian Archived from the original on 14 July 2014 Retrieved 1 July 2014 BBC News 25 June 2007 Profile Mauricio Macri Archived 1 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine Macri establecio un nuevo record en la ciudad Macri set a new high score in the city La Nacion in Spanish 1 August 2011 Archived from the original on 9 January 2017 Retrieved 7 January 2017 Barrett Chris 10 December 2015 For Argentine Environmentalists New President Macri Elicits Hope and Skepticism Latin America News Dispatch Archived from the original on 22 December 2015 Retrieved 11 December 2015 Ecobici Buenos Aires Ciudad Archived from the original on 19 December 2015 Retrieved 11 December 2015 Tomino Pablo 8 April 2014 Haran otros seis pasos bajo nivel en la ciudad que seran estrenados en 2015 La Nacion Archived from the original on 22 December 2015 Retrieved 11 December 2015 Castro Angeles 17 December 2014 Eliminaran 20 pasos a nivel de las lineas San Martin y Belgrano Sur La Nacion Archived from the original on 23 December 2015 Retrieved 11 December 2015 Red de Expresos Regionales RER como es la obra que presento el Gobierno Red de Expresos Regionales RER this is the project presented by the government La Nacion in Spanish 13 March 2018 Archived from the original on 13 March 2018 Retrieved 8 November 2018 Traspaso del subte un ano de idas y vueltas Transfer of the underground a year of comes and goes in Spanish TN 13 November 2012 Archived from the original on 2 February 2017 Retrieved 25 January 2017 Preadjudican 105 coches a CNR para la linea A EnElSubte 13 May 2013 Archived from the original on 17 November 2015 Retrieved 24 November 2015 Linea H abriran dos estaciones mas antes de fin de ano Perfil 3 October 2015 Archived from the original on 15 September 2018 Retrieved 11 December 2015 Bochorno los trenes usados de la B ya costaron mas que comprar 0 km EnElSubte 30 June 2015 Archived from the original on 1 January 2016 Retrieved 11 December 2015 Gutman Daniel 29 October 2008 Crearon la Policia Metropolitana y estaria en la calle a fines de 2009 The new metropolitan police was created and it will be in the streets by the ending of 2009 Clarin in Spanish Archived from the original on 18 October 2017 Retrieved 25 January 2017 Gutman Daniel 30 October 2008 La nueva Policia podra efectuar desalojos y controlar marchas The new police will be able to control house usurpations and street protests Clarin in Spanish Archived from the original on 18 October 2017 Retrieved 25 January 2017 Arbiser Florencia 8 July 2009 New top cop in Buenos Aires in AMIA probe Jewish Telegraphic Agency Archived from the original on 2 February 2017 Retrieved 25 January 2017 Investigator of Argentinean Jewish center attack resigns Ynetnews Ynet 26 August 2009 Archived from the original on 2 February 2017 Retrieved 25 January 2017 Larreta to announce new City police Buenos Aires Herald 5 October 2016 Archived from the original on 24 February 2017 Retrieved 18 February 2017 Iglesias Mariana 14 November 2009 Macri dio un fuerte respaldo al matrimonio entre homosexuales Macri gave a strong support to same sex marriage Clarin in Spanish Archived from the original on 18 October 2017 Retrieved 18 February 2017 Barrionuevo Alexei 15 July 2010 Argentina Approves Gay Marriage in a First for Region The New York Times Archived from the original on 17 June 2012 Retrieved 18 February 2017 Castro Angeles 25 November 2009 Tensa reunion entre Bergoglio y Macri por el matrimonio gay Tense meeting between Bergoglio and Macri over same sex marriage La Nacion in Spanish Archived from the original on 18 October 2017 Retrieved 18 February 2017 Las ultimas encuestas confirman que sigue el triple empate entre Massa y Macri y Scioli The last polls confirm the triple draw between Massa Macri and Scioli in Spanish La Politica Online 22 November 2014 Archived from the original on 7 August 2015 Retrieved 1 September 2015 Rosemberg Jaime 22 November 2015 Macri el gladiador del cambio que suena con vencer al kirchnerismo Macri the gladiator of change who dreams of defeating kirchnerism La Nacion in Spanish Archived from the original on 22 November 2015 Retrieved 21 November 2015 Total nacional in Spanish Elecciones argentinas Archived from the original on 31 August 2015 Retrieved 1 September 2015 Jonathan Watts and Uki Goni 26 October 2015 Argentina s presidential election headed for second round after no clear winner The Guardian Archived from the original on 26 October 2015 Retrieved 26 October 2015 Argentina Debate acelera la organizacion del debate Scioli Macri No tenemos mucho tiempo Argentina debate speeds up the organization of the Scioli Macri debate We don t have enough time La Nacion in Spanish 27 October 2015 Archived from the original on 29 October 2015 Retrieved 27 October 2015 Mauricio Macri se bajo del debate organizado por el canal TN Mauricio Macri stepped down from the debate organized by the channel TN La Nacion in Spanish 28 October 2015 Archived from the original on 30 October 2015 Retrieved 29 October 2015 Rosemberg Jaime 2 November 2015 Macri hablo de una estrategia oscura pero se centrara en sus propuestas de gestion Macri talked about a dark strategy but will focus on his proposals La Nacion in Spanish Archived from the original on 5 November 2015 Retrieved 29 October 2015 Olivera Francisco 3 November 2015 Extienden a todas las areas del Estado la campana contra Macri They expand to all state areas the campaign against Macri La Nacion in Spanish Archived from the original on 3 November 2015 Retrieved 3 November 2015 Alfie Alejandro 3 November 2015 Con agravios e intimidaciones comenzo una campana sucia hacia el balotaje The dirty campaign towards the ballotage started with defamations and threats Clarin in Spanish Archived from the original on 3 November 2015 Retrieved 3 November 2015 Santana el experto en el centro de los rumores Santana the expert in the middle of rumors La Nacion in Spanish 2 November 2015 Archived from the original on 5 November 2015 Retrieved 3 November 2015 Catherine E Shoichet 22 November 2015 Argentina elections Daniel Scioli concedes defeat CNN Archived from the original on 23 November 2015 Retrieved 21 November 2015 Jonathan Watts and Uki Goni 22 November 2015 Argentina shifts to the right after Mauricio Macri wins presidential runoff The Guardian Archived from the original on 23 November 2015 Retrieved 21 November 2015 Jonathan Watts and Uki Goni 22 November 2015 Argentina election second round vote could spell end for Kirchnerism The Guardian Archived from the original on 22 November 2015 Retrieved 21 November 2015 The end of populism The Economist 26 November 2015 Archived from the original on 16 August 2021 Retrieved 16 August 2021 Elecciones 2015 Los resultados del ballottage en Cordoba LA NACION La Nacion Archived from the original on 16 August 2021 Retrieved 16 August 2021 Politi Daniel 12 August 2019 Argentina s Macri Trounced in Primary by Voters Angry over Economy The New York Times Archived from the original on 13 August 2019 Retrieved 13 August 2019 Neuman Scott 13 August 2019 Markets in Argentina Plunge After Poor Primary Showing for Incumbent President NPR Archived from the original on 13 August 2019 Retrieved 13 August 2019 Goni Uki 28 October 2019 Argentina election Macri out as Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner returns to office as VP The Guardian Archived from the original on 1 December 2019 Retrieved 26 November 2019 Fernandez gano en primera vuelta y ya negocia con Macri la transicion LA NACION La Nacion Archived from the original on 16 August 2021 Retrieved 16 August 2021 Marcos Pena anuncio el Gabinete de Mauricio Macri Prat Gay va a Hacienda y Patricia Bullrich a Seguridad La Nacion Archived from the original on 6 January 2016 Retrieved 27 January 2016 Copesa Grupo Mauricio Macri anuncia su gabinete para su gobierno en Argentina www latercera com Archived from the original on 26 November 2015 Retrieved 27 January 2016 Lalani Azzura Mauricio Macri Announces Future Cabinet The Argentina Independent Archived from the original on 5 April 2016 Retrieved 18 March 2016 Mauricio Macri despues de la reunion con Cristina Kirchner No valio la pena Mauricio Macri after the meeting with Cristina Kirchner It was not worth it La Nacion in Spanish 24 November 2015 Archived from the original on 30 November 2015 Retrieved 3 December 2015 Obarrio Mariano 2 December 2015 Crece el conflicto por el lugar de la transmision del mando Conflict grows over where to hold the government handover La Nacion in Spanish Archived from the original on 1 March 2016 Retrieved 17 February 2016 Congreso o Casa Rosada Donde debe realizarse el traspaso de mando Congress or Casa Rosada Where should the government handover be held in Spanish Perfil 6 December 2015 Archived from the original on 10 December 2015 Retrieved 17 February 2016 Doman Fabian 6 December 2015 El entramado detras de la entrega de la banda y el baston presidencial Infobae Archived from the original on 6 March 2016 Retrieved 28 February 2016 Amato Alberto 11 December 2015 Federico Pinedo paso a la historia como el presidente de 12 horas Federico Pinedo passed to history as the 12 hours president in Spanish Perfil Archived from the original on 13 March 2016 Retrieved 20 January 2016 Manuel Pablo 11 December 2015 Alicia Kirchner asumio en Santa Cruz con Cristina y Maximo en primera fila Alicia Kirchner took office in Santa Cruz with Cristina and Maximo in the first row in Spanish Perfil Archived from the original on 31 January 2016 Retrieved 20 January 2016 Las 20 frases del discurso de Macri durante la asuncion como presidente Clarin 10 December 2015 Archived from the original on 10 December 2015 Retrieved 11 December 2015 Macri desde el balcon de la Rosada Los argentinos mereciamos vivir mejor Clarin 10 December 2015 Archived from the original on 10 December 2015 Retrieved 11 December 2015 Tras asumir la presidencia Macri se reune con las delegaciones extranjeras en el Palacio San Martin La Nacion 10 December 2015 Archived from the original on 14 December 2015 Retrieved 11 December 2015 Benedict Mander and Daniel Politi 20 January 2016 Macri raises hopes for Argentina s economic renewal Financial Times Archived from the original on 23 February 2017 Retrieved 18 February 2017 Politi Daniel 16 December 2015 President Mauricio Macri lifts Argentina s capital controls Financial Times Archived from the original on 18 February 2017 Retrieved 17 February 2017 Argentina to relax foreign exchange controls BBC 17 December 2015 Archived from the original on 18 February 2017 Retrieved 17 February 2017 Argentina s Macri scraps corn and wheat export quotas Reuters 29 December 2015 Archived from the original on 28 June 2017 Retrieved 18 February 2017 Argentina delays soy export tax cut to 2018 amid budget shortfall Reuters 3 October 2016 Archived from the original on 22 February 2017 Retrieved 18 February 2017 Argentina reaches 4 65bn deal with holdouts Financial Times 29 February 2016 Archived from the original on 3 March 2016 Retrieved 29 February 2016 Stevenson Alexandra 24 March 2016 Hedge Funds Dealt Setback as U S Sides With Argentina on Defaulted Bonds New York Times Archived from the original on 26 March 2016 Retrieved 25 March 2016 Mander Benedict 31 March 2016 Argentina clears way for repayment of holdout creditors Financial Times Archived from the original on 7 November 2021 Retrieved 31 March 2016 Rafael Mathus Ruiz La Corte de Nueva York confirmo la orden de Thomas Griesa para que la Argentina salga del default The Court of New York confirmed the order of Thomas Griesa for Argentina to leave the default La Nacion in Spanish Archived from the original on 27 October 2016 Retrieved 13 April 2016 US court ruling allows Argentina bond sale to proceed Financial Times 13 April 2016 Retrieved 13 April 2016 Bob Van Voris 13 April 2016 Argentina Wins Court Ruling Letting Bond Sale Proceed Bloomberg Archived from the original on 14 April 2016 Retrieved 13 April 2016 Bronstein Hugh 18 January 2016 Argentina s Macri will attend Davos forum despite cracked rib Reuters Archived from the original on 23 February 2017 Retrieved 18 February 2017 Michael J de la Merced 19 January 2016 Trudeau Macri and Biden Are Among the Big Names at Davos The New York Times Archived from the original on 10 February 2018 Retrieved 18 February 2017 Macri will become first Argentine president to attend Davos forum in twelve years Merco Press 7 January 2016 Archived from the original on 22 April 2017 Retrieved 18 February 2017 Bremmer Ian 21 October 2016 Argentina s Mauricio Macri on the Challenge of Change Time Archived from the original on 21 February 2017 Retrieved 18 February 2017 Garcia Raquel 5 January 2017 Macri Maintains Kirchner Era Price Controls in Argentina Panam Post Archived from the original on 24 February 2017 Retrieved 18 February 2017 Garcia Raquel 10 November 2016 IMF Deems Argentina s Statistics Credible Again Panam Post Archived from the original on 24 February 2017 Retrieved 18 February 2017 Garcia Raquel 29 November 2016 Argentina s Economy to Pull Out of Recession over Next Two Years Panam Post Archived from the original on 15 February 2017 Retrieved 18 February 2017 Argentina asks IMF to release 50bn loan as crisis worsens BBC 30 August 2018 Archived from the original on 24 November 2018 Retrieved 11 March 2019 Argentina raises interest rates to 40 BBC 4 May 2018 Archived from the original on 3 February 2019 Retrieved 18 March 2019 El Gobierno eliminara en 2017 el arancel para importar computadoras LA NACION La Nacion Archived from the original on 9 August 2017 Retrieved 12 April 2021 El Gobierno oficializo la eliminacion de aranceles para la importacion de productos electronicos LA NACION La Nacion Archived from the original on 7 November 2021 Retrieved 12 April 2021 El Gobierno elimina aranceles para la importacion de productos tecnologicos LA NACION La Nacion Archived from the original on 26 January 2021 Retrieved 12 April 2021 Reducen los aranceles de importacion de bienes de capital para fomentar inversiones LA NACION La Nacion Archived from the original on 7 November 2021 Retrieved 12 April 2021 Los grandes aciertos y los errores de Macri segun los economistas LA NACION La Nacion Archived from the original on 5 November 2019 Retrieved 12 April 2021 Fernando Massa 26 December 2018 La sequia en la Argentina entre los 10 fenomenos climaticos mas destructivos del ano The drought in Argentina among the 10 most destructive climate events of the year La Nacion in Spanish Archived from the original on 7 November 2021 Retrieved 8 March 2019 Why US rates have a global impact BBC 13 June 2018 Archived from the original on 18 February 2019 Retrieved 11 March 2019 Argentina raises rates as peso plummets BBC 30 August 2018 Archived from the original on 24 November 2018 Retrieved 11 March 2019 Argentina asks IMF to release 50bn loan as crisis worsens BBC 30 August 2018 Archived from the original on 24 November 2018 Retrieved 11 March 2019 Patrick Gillespie and Carolina Millan 14 June 2018 Luis Caputo Replaces Sturzenegger as Argentina Cenbank President Bloomberg com Bloomberg Archived from the original on 2 July 2018 Retrieved 11 March 2019 Argentina names Sandleris as new central bank chief Reuters 25 September 2018 Archived from the original on 13 October 2018 Retrieved 11 March 2019 Argentine Senate Approves Austerity Budget for IMF Deal Voice of America 15 November 2018 Archived from the original on 18 November 2018 Retrieved 11 March 2019 Agustino Fontevecchia 13 June 2018 Cambiemos Must Change Argentina s Macri Needs A Radical Paradigm Shift Forbes Archived from the original on 1 October 2018 Retrieved 1 October 2018 Webber Jude 14 July 2011 Argentina restricts foreign trade Financial Times Archived from the original on 23 September 2016 Retrieved 22 September 2016 Blackouts continue in Argentina while government keeps threatening power distributors Merco Press 27 December 2013 Archived from the original on 23 September 2016 Retrieved 22 September 2016 Otaola Jorge 9 July 2016 Argentina s Macri defends energy rate hikes after court injunction Reuters Archived from the original on 23 February 2017 Retrieved 18 February 2017 Argentina s economy a battle over utility bills is president Macri s first big crisis Merco Press 15 August 2016 Archived from the original on 24 February 2017 Retrieved 18 February 2017 Protestan contra el tarifazo a metros de la audiencia publica por el gas Protests against the tax increase at meters of the public audience for the gas distribution La Nacion in Spanish 16 September 2016 Archived from the original on 24 October 2016 Retrieved 24 October 2016 Mander Benedict 10 January 2017 Argentina strikes 15bn a year shale investment deal Financial Times Archived from the original on 19 February 2017 Retrieved 18 February 2017 Novaro pp 16 19 Novaro p 21 Novaro p 26 Novaro pp 30 31 Novaro p 29 Sigue la polemica por el feriado del 24 de marzo The controversy over the 24 March holiday continues Clarin in Spanish 24 January 2017 Archived from the original on 6 December 2018 Retrieved 5 December 2018 El gobierno confirmo por decreto el 24 de marzo como feriado inamovible The government confirmed by decree 24 March as an inmovable date La Nacion in Spanish 1 February 2017 Archived from the original on 19 May 2017 Retrieved 5 December 2018 Mauricio Macri en el Congreso revivi el minuto a minuto de la Asamblea Legislativa Mauricio Macri in the Congress relive the minute by minute of the Legislative assembly La Nacion in Spanish 1 March 2018 Archived from the original on 18 June 2018 Retrieved 28 February 2018 Argentina lower house passes legal abortion bill in tight vote Reuters 14 June 2018 Archived from the original on 12 April 2019 Retrieved 10 July 2018 Megan Specia 8 August 2018 What to Know About Argentina s Vote on Abortion The New York Times Archived from the original on 18 March 2019 Retrieved 12 April 2019 Uki Goni 9 August 2018 Argentina senate rejects bill to legalise abortion The Guardian Archived from the original on 26 April 2019 Retrieved 23 April 2019 Mauricio Macri defendio al condenado Luis Chocobar Mauricio Macri defended the convicted Luis Chocobar Minuto Uno in Spanish 28 May 2021 Archived from the original on 28 May 2021 Retrieved 29 May 2021 Jonathan Watts and Uki Goni 22 November 2015 Argentina president elect pledges radical policy changes in shift to right The Guardian Archived from the original on 5 February 2017 Retrieved 9 February 2017 Caistor Nick 11 December 2015 Latin America The pink tide turns BBC Archived from the original on 27 August 2016 Retrieved 12 June 2016 Mercosur in a state of disarray Venezuela s presidency disavowed by Argentina Brazil and Paraguay Merco Press 2 August 2016 Archived from the original on 17 February 2017 Retrieved 9 February 2017 Temer and Macri meet next week to make Mercosur an effective free trade space Merco Press 4 February 2017 Archived from the original on 17 February 2017 Retrieved 16 February 2017 Soto Alonso 7 February 2017 Brazil Argentina push for closer trade with Mexico in Trump era Reuters Archived from the original on 17 February 2017 Retrieved 16 February 2017 La Argentina no reconocera el resultado de la eleccion en Venezuela Argentina will not acknowledge the results of the election in Venezuela La Nacion in Spanish 30 July 2017 Archived from the original on 25 February 2019 Retrieved 30 July 2017 Mauricio Macri Vamos a retirarle a Nicolas Maduro la Orden del General San Martin por la violacion sistematica de su gobierno a los derechos humanos Mauricio Macri We will remove the San Martin order from Maduro for the systematic human rights violations of his government La Nacion in Spanish 3 August 2017 Archived from the original on 12 January 2019 Retrieved 1 August 2017 Venezuela Region Agrees It s a Dictatorship Peruvian Times 8 August 2017 Archived from the original on 23 April 2019 Retrieved 23 April 2019 Maduro isolated as Latin American nations back Venezuela opposition leader Reuters 23 January 2019 Archived from the original on 23 April 2019 Retrieved 23 April 2019 Mauricio Macri respaldo la Operacion Libertad en Venezuela Que el sufrimiento y el miedo de los venezolanos llegue a su fin Mauricio Macri supported Operation Freedom in Venezuela May the suffering and fear of Venezuelans come to an end Infobae in Spanish 30 April 2019 Archived from the original on 30 April 2019 Retrieved 19 April 2021 Jeff Mason and Richard Lough 24 March 2016 Obama praises Argentina s man in a hurry Macri for reforms Reuters Archived from the original on 10 February 2017 Retrieved 16 February 2017 U S declassifies final tranche of records on Argentina Dirty War Reuters 12 April 2019 Archived from the original on 23 April 2019 Retrieved 23 April 2019 Argentine president mentions Falklands in brief chat with Theresa May The Telegraph 21 September 2016 Archived from the original on 17 February 2017 Retrieved 16 February 2017 JTA 14 December 2015 New Argentina government voids pact with Iran on AMIA bombing Times of Israel Archived from the original on 26 April 2016 Retrieved 25 April 2016 Gardner Lange and Toby Dershowitz 18 January 2017 Honor Alberto Nisman s sacrifice by continuing his probe of Iran Jewish Telegraphic Agency Archived from the original on 17 February 2017 Retrieved 16 February 2017 Newman Marissa 18 January 2017 Knesset remembers Argentine prosecutor Nisman amid hopes for breakthrough The Times of Israel Archived from the original on 17 February 2017 Retrieved 16 February 2017 Declaracion conjunta del presidente Mauricio Macri y el primer ministro de Israel Benjamin Netanyahu Joint statement by President Mauricio Macri and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu www casarosada gob ar in Spanish Casa Rosada 12 September 2017 Archived from the original on 19 April 2021 Retrieved 19 April 2021 Primera visita oficial de un primer ministro israeli en la historia First official visit by an Israeli prime minister in history www cancilleria gob ar in Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Worship September 2017 Archived from the original on 19 April 2021 Retrieved 19 April 2021 Blohm Amanda 7 July 2016 Argentina Will Accept 3 000 Syrian Refugees Panam Post Archived from the original on 28 March 2017 Retrieved 18 February 2017 Argentina designates Hezbollah as terrorist organisation BBC News 18 July 2019 Archived from the original on 25 February 2021 Retrieved 5 April 2021 a b Argentina election Macri wins crucial mid term vote BBC 23 October 2017 Archived from the original on 29 March 2019 Retrieved 27 March 2019 Maria Jose Lucesole 29 August 2017 Cristina Kirchner gano por 0 21 en las PASO de la provincia de Buenos Aires Cristina Kirchner won by 0 21 percent in the Buenos Aires province PASO La Nacion in Spanish Archived from the original on 7 November 2021 Retrieved 27 March 2019 Where is Santiago Maldonado Argentina searches for missing protester BBC 27 August 2017 Archived from the original on 4 April 2019 Retrieved 26 August 2017 Aumento casi seis puntos la cantidad de ciudadanos que fue a votar respecto de las PASO The number of voters increased almost six points since the PASO in Spanish Telam 22 October 2017 Archived from the original on 4 April 2019 Retrieved 27 March 2019 a b Paz Rodriguez Niell 15 June 2016 La Camara confirmo el cierre de la causa contra Macri por las escuchas The chamber confirmed the closure of the case against Macri about wiretapping La Nacion in Spanish Archived from the original on 8 February 2017 Retrieved 7 February 2017 Gilbert Jonathan 29 December 2015 Mauricio Macri Argentine President Is Cleared of Wiretapping Charges The New York Times Archived from the original on 7 November 2021 Retrieved 3 February 2017 Watts Jonathan 8 April 2016 Argentina s president Mauricio Macri fights back after Panama Papers reveal offshore links The Guardian Archived from the original on 11 February 2017 Retrieved 9 February 2017 Marsh Sarah 4 April 2016 Argentina s Macri denies wrongdoing at Panama Papers offshore firm Reuters Archived from the original on 26 February 2017 Retrieved 9 February 2017 Hjelmgaard Kim 4 April 2016 Panama Papers Who s accused of what USA Today Archived from the original on 10 February 2017 Retrieved 9 February 2017 Panama Papers Argentina President Macri to go before judge BBC 8 April 2016 Archived from the original on 11 February 2017 Retrieved 9 February 2017 Tambien figura en otra firma de Panama He is in another Panama firm La Nacion in Spanish 5 April 2016 Archived from the original on 11 February 2017 Retrieved 9 February 2017 La Justicia despego a Mauricio Macri de los Panama Papers La Nacion in Spanish 20 September 2017 Archived from the original on 28 September 2017 Retrieved 6 November 2017 Historico batacazo del radical Gerardo Morales en Jujuy History surprise of the radical Gerardo Morales in Jujuy Clarin in Spanish 25 October 2015 Archived from the original on 2 January 2017 Retrieved 18 February 2017 Eizayaga Amalia 1 June 2015 Con criticas a Fellner y a Milagro Sala Gerardo Morales lanzo su candidatura Criticizing Fellner and Milagro Sala Gerardo Morales launched his candidacy La Nacion in Spanish Archived from the original on 2 March 2017 Retrieved 18 February 2017 Para Gerardo Morales Milagro Sala es una suerte de D Elia y Schoklender juntos For Gerardo Morales Milagro Sala is like some kind of mix of D Elia and Schoklender in Spanish La Gaceta de Salta 22 August 2015 Archived from the original on 2 March 2017 Retrieved 18 February 2017 Gerardo Morales emplazo por decreto a la Tupac Amaru Despues del 14 que les pague Milagro Sala Gerardo Morales pressured by the Tupac Amaru After the 14th let them be paid by Milagro Sala La Nacion in Spanish 13 January 2016 Archived from the original on 21 October 2016 Retrieved 18 February 2017 Agostini Rosario 16 January 2017 Milagro Sala un ano presa y cercada por la Justicia Milagro Sala one year jailed and surrounded by the judiciary La Nacion in Spanish Archived from the original on 2 March 2017 Retrieved 18 February 2017 Detuvieron a Milagro Sala en Jujuy por el acampe contra Gerardo Morales They arrested Milagro Sala in Jujuy because of the camping against Gerardo Morales La Nacion in Spanish 16 January 2016 Archived from the original on 13 February 2017 Retrieved 18 February 2017 Rizzi Maximiliano 28 December 2016 Argentine activist sentenced to probation remains in jail Reuters Archived from the original on 2 March 2017 Retrieved 18 February 2017 Letter in support of Milagro Sala Google Docs Archived from the original on 5 August 2019 Retrieved 15 August 2020 Peaceful protestor detained on hunger strike PDF Archived from the original PDF on 10 May 2017 Retrieved 15 August 2020 http www cels org ar comunicacion info detalleDoc amp ids 4 amp lang es amp ss 46 amp idc 2026 Archived 10 May 2017 at the Wayback Machine https www nytimes com 2016 03 24 opinion what obama should know about macris argentina html r 0 Archived 27 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine La Corte Suprema rechazo intervenir por la detencion de Milagro Sala The Supreme Court refused to intervene in the detention of Milagro Sala in Spanish Todo Noticias 28 March 2016 Archived from the original on 2 March 2017 Retrieved 18 February 2017 Cristina Kirchner pidio la aparicion con vida de Santiago Maldonado y responsabilizo a Gendarmeria Cristina Kirchner asked for Santiago Maldonado to be returned alive and blamed the gendarmerie La Nacion in Spanish 6 August 2018 Archived from the original on 13 February 2019 Retrieved 30 October 2018 Claudio Andrade 24 September 2017 A pesar de la recusacion Otranto sigue al frente de la causa por el desalojo de la ruta 40 Despite the recusal Otranto is still in charge of the case over the liberation of the Route 40 Clarin in Spanish Archived from the original on 15 December 2018 Retrieved 20 September 2017 Novaro p 16 Novaro pp 71 75 Novaro p 50 Sergio Maldonado Estamos convencidos de que es Santiago Sergio Maldonado We are sure it s Santiago La Nacion in Spanish 20 October 2017 Archived from the original on 27 March 2019 Retrieved 27 March 2019 Candela Ini 29 November 2018 Cierran la causa por la muerte de Santiago Maldonado They close the Santiago Maldonado case La Nacion in Spanish Archived from the original on 30 November 2018 Retrieved 29 November 2018 Rodriguez Carlos 7 November 2020 ARA San Juan la Armada sabia donde estaba hundido veinte dias despues de la implosion Uno de los imputados declaro que ocultaron la informacion casi un ano PAGINA12 Archived from the original on 9 December 2020 Retrieved 21 April 2021 a b MRT 9 July 2021 Bolivia accuses former Argentine president Mauricio Macri of collaborating with the removal of Evo Morales Market Researcher Telecast Archived from the original on 10 July 2021 Retrieved 10 July 2021 a b c d Ruben Guillemi 9 July 2019 El excomandante boliviano involucrado en la denuncia por el envio de armamento desde la Argentina afirma que la carta es falsificada The former Bolivian commander involved in the denounce for a shipment of weapons from Argentina claims the letter is falsified La nacion in Spanish Archived from the original on 9 July 2021 Retrieved 7 July 2021 Las bellas mujeres que fueron pareja de Mauricio Macri The beautiful women who were a couple of Mauricio Macri Clarin in Spanish 22 November 2015 Archived from the original on 22 January 2017 Retrieved 1 December 2016 Macri se trago el bigote y se vivieron momentos de panico en su casamiento Macri swallowed a mustache and lived moments of panic at his wedding El Intransigente in Spanish 22 November 2010 Archived from the original on 11 October 2017 Retrieved 5 May 2017 Moore Jack 11 December 2015 Who is Mauricio Macri Argentina s New President Newsweek Archived from the original on 31 December 2016 Retrieved 5 May 2017 newswep Archived from the original on 11 July 2022 Retrieved 4 April 2022 Elecciones 2003 tsjbaires gov ar in Spanish Tribunal Superior de Justicia de la Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires Retrieved 4 February 2023 Elecciones 2007 tsjbaires gov ar in Spanish Tribunal Superior de Justicia de la Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires Retrieved 4 February 2023 Elecciones 2011 tsjbaires gov ar in Spanish Tribunal Superior de Justicia de la Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires Retrieved 4 February 2023 Elecciones 2015 argentina gob ar in Spanish Direccion Nacional Electoral 28 August 2017 Retrieved 4 February 2023 Elecciones 2019 argentina gob ar in Spanish Direccion Nacional Electoral Retrieved 4 February 2023 permanent dead link Elecciones 2005 argentina gob ar in Spanish Direccion Nacional Electoral 8 February 2019 Retrieved 4 February 2023 En que consiste la Orden del Libertador San Martin que le retiraron a Maduro What is the Order of the Liberator General San Martin that they took from Maduro La Nacion in Spanish 11 August 2017 Archived from the original on 27 August 2020 Retrieved 23 April 2019 Orden de Mayo Order of May PDF in Spanish University of Palermo Archived from the original PDF on 23 April 2019 Retrieved 23 April 2019 Brazil and Argentina agree to move closer to Pacific Alliance Agencia Brasil 7 February 2017 Archived from the original on 13 February 2017 Retrieved 28 February 2017 MACRI RECIBIO UNA CONDECORACION EN BRASIL Industriales prometen retorno de operaciones powernoticias in Spanish 4 December 2015 Archived from the original on 7 November 2021 Retrieved 29 July 2016 Francois Hollande en Argentina infobae in Spanish 2016 Archived from the original on 4 November 2016 Retrieved 3 November 2016 Macri recibio una condecoracion enviada por Berlusconi urgente24 in Spanish 2011 Archived from the original on 20 September 2016 Retrieved 29 July 2016 Le onorificenze della Repubblica Italiana Archived from the original on 19 November 2018 Retrieved 18 November 2018 外国人叙勲受章者名簿 平成29年 Gaikokujin jokun jushōsha meibo Heisei 29 nen Non Japanese Honoree 2017 Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan in Japanese Archived from the original on 20 November 2020 Retrieved 18 January 2021 Macri recibira la Orden de Aguila Azteca elfinanciero in Spanish 29 July 2016 Archived from the original on 29 July 2016 Retrieved 29 July 2016 Familia Real de Holanda Maxima de Holanda anfitriona de Juliana Awada en su visita de Estado a Holanda Fotogalerias de Casas Reales vanitatis elconfidencial com 27 March 2017 Archived from the original on 18 May 2017 Retrieved 26 April 2017 El Rey Harald V y la Reina Sonja en Argentina Casa Rosada in Spanish 2018 Archived from the original on 12 October 2018 Retrieved 7 March 2018 Boletin Oficial del Estado PDF Archived from the original PDF on 22 February 2017 Retrieved 21 February 2017 Artusa Marina 18 October 2015 Un viaje a los ancestros de los candidatos a presidente Clarin Archived from the original on 18 October 2015 Retrieved 25 January 2015 Bibliography several authors November 2015 Todo Macri vida poder y secretos del nuevo presidente Argentina Perfil Novaro Marcos 2017 El Caso Maldonado in Spanish Argentina Edhasa ISBN 978 987 628 470 7 External links nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mauricio Macri nbsp Wikiquote has quotations related to Mauricio Macri Office of the President in Spanish Mauricio Macri s Official Website Official Facebook CityMayors profile Biography by CIDOB in Spanish Political officesPreceded byJorge Telerman Chief of Government of Buenos Aires2007 2015 Succeeded byHoracio Rodriguez LarretaPreceded byCristina Fernandez de Kirchner President of Argentina2015 2019 Succeeded byAlberto FernandezDiplomatic postsPreceded byAngela Merkel Chair of the Group of 202018 Succeeded byShinzō AbeOlympic GamesPreceded byHarald V Person who opened the Olympic Games2018 Succeeded byTBD 2020Preceded byXi Jinping Person who opened the Summer Youth Olympic Games2018 Succeeded byTBD 2022Sporting positionsPreceded byAntonio Alegre Chairman of Boca Juniors 1995 2007 Succeeded byPedro PompilioPreceded byPedro Pompilio Chairman of Boca Juniors 2008 Succeeded byJorge Amor Ameal Portals nbsp Argentina nbsp Politics nbsp Business nbsp Football nbsp 2010s Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mauricio Macri amp oldid 1186483011, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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