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Geneva

February 13, 2023

This article is about the city of Geneva. For the canton, see canton of Geneva. For other uses, see Geneva (disambiguation).

Geneva (/dʒəˈniːvə/ jə-NEE-və;[4] French: Genève [ʒənɛv] (listen))[note 1] is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and the most populous city of Romandy, the French-speaking part of Switzerland. Situated in the south west of the country, where the Rhône exits Lake Geneva, it is the capital of the Republic and Canton of Geneva.

Geneva
Genève (French)
Municipality in Switzerland
A view over Geneva and the lake
Flag
Coat of arms
Location of Geneva
Genève (French)
Geneva
Genève (French)
Geneva
Genève (French)
Coordinates: 46°12′06″N 06°08′49″E / 46.20167°N 6.14694°E / 46.20167; 6.14694Coordinates: 46°12′06″N 06°08′49″E / 46.20167°N 6.14694°E / 46.20167; 6.14694
CountrySwitzerland
CantonGeneva
Government
 • ExecutiveConseil administratif
with 5 members
 • MayorLa Mairie (list)
Marie Barbey-Chappuis The Centre
(as of June 2022)
 • ParliamentConseil municipal
with 80 members
Area
[1]
 • Total15.92 km2 (6.15 sq mi)
Elevation
(Pont du Mont Blanc)
375 m (1,230 ft)
Highest elevation
(Chemin du Pommier)
457 m (1,499 ft)
Lowest elevation
(Le Rhône)
370 m (1,210 ft)
Population
 (2018-12-31)[2]
 • Total201,818
 • Density13,000/km2 (33,000/sq mi)
Demonym(s)Genevan or Genevese
French: Genevois(e)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (Central European Time)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (Central European Summer Time)
Postal code(s)
1200, or 1201–09 Genève, 1213 Petit-Lancy, 1227 Les Acacias[3]
SFOS number6621
Surrounded byCarouge, Chêne-Bougeries, Cologny, Lancy, Grand-Saconnex, Pregny-Chambésy, Vernier, Veyrier
Websitewww.geneve.ch
SFSO statistics

The city of Geneva (ville de Genève) had a population of 203,951 in 2020 (Jan. estimate)[5] within its small municipal territory of 16 km2 (6 sq mi),[6] but the Canton of Geneva (the city and its closest Swiss suburbs and exurbs) had a population of 504,128 (Jan. 2020 estimate)[5] over 246 km2 (95 sq mi),[6] and together with the suburbs and exurbs located in the canton of Vaud and in the French departments of Ain and Haute-Savoie the cross-border Geneva metropolitan area as officially defined by Eurostat,[7] which extends over 2,292 km2 (885 sq mi),[8] had a population of 1,044,766 in Jan. 2020 (Swiss estimates and French census).[9]

Since 2013, the Canton of Geneva, the Nyon District (in the canton of Vaud), and the Pôle métropolitain du Genevois français (literally 'Metropolitan hub of the French Genevan territory'), this last one a federation of eight French intercommunal councils, have formed Grand Genève ("Greater Geneva"), a Local Grouping of Transnational Cooperation (GLCT in French, a public entity under Swiss law) in charge of organizing cooperation within the cross-border metropolitan area of Geneva (in particular metropolitan transports).[10] The Grand Genève GLCT extends over 1,996 km2 (771 sq mi)[11] and had a population of 1,037,407 in Jan. 2020 (Swiss estimates and French census), 58.4% of them living on Swiss territory, and 41.6% on French territory.[12]

Geneva is a global city, a financial centre, and a worldwide centre for diplomacy due to the presence of numerous international organizations, including the headquarters of many agencies of the United Nations[13] and the Red Cross.[14] Geneva hosts the highest number of international organizations in the world.[15] It is also where the Geneva Conventions were signed, which chiefly concern the treatment of wartime non-combatants and prisoners of war. Together with, for instance, New York City (global headquarters of the UN), Basel (Bank for International Settlements), and Strasbourg (Council of Europe), Geneva is a city serving as the headquarters of one of the most important international organizations, without being the capital of a country.[16][17][18]

In 2021, Geneva was ranked as the world's ninth most important financial centre for competitiveness by the Global Financial Centres Index, fifth in Europe behind London, Zürich, Frankfurt and Luxembourg.[19] In 2019, Geneva was ranked among the ten most liveable cities in the world by Mercer together with Zürich and Basel.[20] The city has been referred to as the world's most compact metropolis[21] and the "Peace Capital".[22] In 2019, Mercer ranked Geneva as the thirteenth most expensive city in the world.[23] In a UBS ranking of global cities in 2018, Geneva was ranked first for gross earnings, second most expensive, and fourth in purchasing power.[24]

Name

The city was mentioned in Latin texts, by Caesar, with the spelling Genava,[25] probably from the Celtic *genawa- from the stem *genu- ("bend, knee"), in the sense of a bending river or estuary, an etymology shared with the Italian port city of Genoa (in Italian Genova).[26]

The medieval county of Geneva in Middle Latin was known as pagus major Genevensis or Comitatus Genevensis (also Gebennensis). After 1400 it became the Genevois province of Savoy (albeit not extending to the city proper, until the reformation of the seat of the Bishop of Geneva).[27]

History

Main article: History of Geneva
For a chronological guide, see Timeline of Geneva.
For the Catholic ecclesiastical history, see bishopric of Geneva.
 
A view of Geneva by Frances Elizabeth Wynne, 4 August 1858
 
L'Escalade is what Genevans call the failed surprise attack of 12 December 1602 by troops sent by Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy, to take Geneva. This imaginative image was drawn by Matthias Quad, or the workshop of Frans Hogenberg, around 1603. Invaders are pictured crossing the moat in the center left while reinforcements are entering Plainpalais at the bottom. A column of defenders is in the center, headed toward the Savoyards. Lake Léman is at center top.

Geneva was an Allobrogian border town, fortified against the Helvetii tribe,[28] when the Romans took it in 121 BC. It became Christian under the Late Roman Empire, and acquired its first bishop in the 5th century, having been connected to the Bishopric of Vienne in the 4th.

 
Aerial view (1966)

In the Middle Ages, Geneva was ruled by a count under the Holy Roman Empire until the late 14th century, when it was granted a charter giving it a high degree of self-governance. Around this time, the House of Savoy came to at least nominally dominate the city. In the 15th century, an oligarchic republican government emerged with the creation of the Grand Council. In the first half of the 16th century, the Protestant Reformation reached the city, causing religious strife, during which Savoy rule was thrown off and Geneva allied itself with the Swiss Confederacy. In 1541, with Protestantism on the rise, John Calvin, the Protestant Reformer and proponent of Calvinism, became the spiritual leader of the city and established the Republic of Geneva. By the 18th century, Geneva had come under the influence of Catholic France, which cultivated the city as its own. France tended to be at odds with the ordinary townsfolk, which inspired the failed Geneva Revolution of 1782, an attempt to win representation in the government for men of modest means. In 1798, revolutionary France under the Directory annexed Geneva. At the end of the Napoleonic Wars, on 1 June 1814, Geneva was admitted to the Swiss Confederation. In 1907, the separation of Church and State was adopted. Geneva flourished in the 19th and 20th centuries, becoming the seat of many international organizations.[29]

Geography

Topography

 
Satellite view of Geneva; Cointrin Airport is centre left. The Salève (in France) is the large area of green at bottom right.

Geneva is located at 46°12' North, 6°09' East, at the south-western end of Lake Geneva, where the Rhône flows out. It is surrounded by three mountain chains, each belonging to the Jura: the Jura main range lies north-westward, the Vuache southward, and the Salève south-eastward.

 
The Geneva area seen from above the Jura mountain chain, with the International airport in the foreground, and the Mont Blanc mountain range in the background

The city covers an area of 15.93 km2 (6.2 sq mi), while the area of the canton is 282 km2 (108.9 sq mi), including the two small exclaves of Céligny in Vaud. The part of the lake that is attached to Geneva has an area of 38 km2 (14.7 sq mi) and is sometimes referred to as petit lac (small lake). The canton has only a 4.5 km-long (2.8 mi) border with the rest of Switzerland. Of 107.5 km (66.8 mi) of border, 103 are shared with France, the Département de l'Ain to the north and west and the Département de la Haute-Savoie to the south and east.

Of the land in the city, 0.24 km2 (0.093 sq mi), or 1.5%, is used for agricultural purposes, while 0.5 km2 (0.19 sq mi), or 3.1%, is forested. The rest of the land, 14.63 km2 (5.65 sq mi), or 91.8%, is built up (buildings or roads), 0.49 km2 (0.19 sq mi), or 3.1%, is either rivers or lakes and 0.02 km2 (4.9 acres), or 0.1%, is wasteland.[30]

Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 3.4%, housing and buildings made up 46.2% and transportation infrastructure 25.8%, while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 15.7%. Of the agricultural land, 0.3% is used for growing crops. Of the water in the municipality, 0.2% is composed of lakes and 2.9% is rivers and streams.[30]

 
Confluence of the Rhône and the Arve

The altitude of Geneva is 373.6 m (1,225.7 ft) and corresponds to the altitude of the largest of the Pierres du Niton, two large rocks emerging from the lake which date from the last ice age. This rock was chosen by General Guillaume Henri Dufour as the reference point for surveying in Switzerland.[31] The second main river of Geneva is the Arve, which flows into the Rhône just west of the city centre. Mont Blanc can be seen from Geneva and is an hour's drive from the city.

Climate

 
Average temperature and precipitation 1961–1990[32]

The climate of Geneva is a temperate climate, more specifically an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfb). Winters are cool, usually with light frosts at night and thawing conditions during the day. Summers are relatively warm. Precipitation is adequate and is relatively well-distributed throughout the year, although autumn is slightly wetter than other seasons. Ice storms near Lac Léman are normal in the winter: Geneva can be affected by the Bise, a north-easterly wind. This can lead to severe icing in winter.[33]

In summer, many people swim in the lake and patronise public beaches such as Genève Plage and the Bains des Pâquis. The city, in certain years, receives snow during colder months. The nearby mountains are subject to substantial snowfall and are suitable for skiing. Many world-renowned ski resorts such as Verbier and Crans-Montana are less than three hours away by car. Mont Salève (1,379 m (4,524 ft)), just across the border in France, dominates the southerly view from the city centre, and Mont Blanc, the highest of the Alpine range, is visible from most of the city, towering high above Chamonix, which, along with Morzine, Le Grand Bornand, La Clusaz, and resorts of the Grand Massif such as Samoens, Morillon, and Flaine, are the closest French skiing destinations to Geneva.

During the years 2000–2009, the mean yearly temperature was 11 °C and the mean number of sunshine-hours per year was 2003.[34]

The highest temperature recorded in Genève–Cointrin was 39.7 °C (103.5 °F) in July 2015, and the lowest temperature recorded was −20.0 °C (−4.0 °F) in February 1956.

Climate data for Geneva (GVA), elevation: 412 m (1,352 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1901–present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 17.3
(63.1) 		20.6
(69.1) 		24.9
(76.8) 		27.5
(81.5) 		33.8
(92.8) 		36.5
(97.7) 		39.7
(103.5) 		38.3
(100.9) 		34.8
(94.6) 		27.3
(81.1) 		23.2
(73.8) 		20.8
(69.4) 		39.7
(103.5)
Average high °C (°F) 5.1
(41.2) 		7.0
(44.6) 		11.8
(53.2) 		15.9
(60.6) 		20.1
(68.2) 		24.2
(75.6) 		26.7
(80.1) 		26.2
(79.2) 		21.1
(70.0) 		15.5
(59.9) 		9.3
(48.7) 		5.6
(42.1) 		15.7
(60.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) 2.1
(35.8) 		2.9
(37.2) 		6.7
(44.1) 		10.5
(50.9) 		14.5
(58.1) 		18.4
(65.1) 		20.6
(69.1) 		20.0
(68.0) 		15.7
(60.3) 		11.3
(52.3) 		6.0
(42.8) 		2.8
(37.0) 		11.0
(51.8)
Average low °C (°F) −1.1
(30.0) 		−1.1
(30.0) 		1.7
(35.1) 		5.0
(41.0) 		9.1
(48.4) 		12.7
(54.9) 		14.6
(58.3) 		14.2
(57.6) 		10.7
(51.3) 		7.2
(45.0) 		2.6
(36.7) 		−0.2
(31.6) 		6.3
(43.3)
Record low °C (°F) −19.9
(−3.8) 		−20.0
(−4.0) 		−13.3
(8.1) 		−5.2
(22.6) 		−2.2
(28.0) 		1.3
(34.3) 		3.0
(37.4) 		4.9
(40.8) 		0.2
(32.4) 		−4.7
(23.5) 		−10.9
(12.4) 		−17.0
(1.4) 		−20.0
(−4.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 73
(2.9) 		56
(2.2) 		62
(2.4) 		67
(2.6) 		78
(3.1) 		83
(3.3) 		79
(3.1) 		81
(3.2) 		91
(3.6) 		96
(3.8) 		89
(3.5) 		90
(3.5) 		946
(37.2)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 8
(3.1) 		5
(2.0) 		2
(0.8) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		3
(1.2) 		5
(2.0) 		23
(9.1)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 9.5 7.9 8.2 8.6 10.2 9.1 8.1 7.8 8.3 9.7 9.9 10.3 107.6
Average snowy days (≥ 1.0 cm) 2.0 1.5 0.8 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 1.8 7.0
Average relative humidity (%) 81 75 68 65 68 66 64 67 73 80 82 82 73
Mean monthly sunshine hours 61 96 161 187 212 246 269 242 184 116 65 48 1,887
Percent possible sunshine 25 38 50 51 50 57 62 62 56 40 27 21 48
Source 1: MeteoSwiss[35]
Source 2: KNMI[36][37]
Climate data for Geneva (GVA), elevation: 420 m (1,378 ft), 1961-1990 normals and extremes
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 15.5
(59.9) 		18.0
(64.4) 		22.3
(72.1) 		25.8
(78.4) 		28.6
(83.5) 		33.9
(93.0) 		36.6
(97.9) 		35.5
(95.9) 		32.9
(91.2) 		27.5
(81.5) 		21.1
(70.0) 		16.4
(61.5) 		36.6
(97.9)
Mean maximum °C (°F) 11.0
(51.8) 		13.3
(55.9) 		18.1
(64.6) 		21.5
(70.7) 		25.3
(77.5) 		29.9
(85.8) 		33.1
(91.6) 		32.6
(90.7) 		28.0
(82.4) 		22.1
(71.8) 		15.9
(60.6) 		12.5
(54.5) 		33.1
(91.6)
Average high °C (°F) 3.5
(38.3) 		5.3
(41.5) 		9.2
(48.6) 		13.5
(56.3) 		17.6
(63.7) 		21.8
(71.2) 		24.6
(76.3) 		23.7
(74.7) 		20.3
(68.5) 		13.9
(57.0) 		8.0
(46.4) 		4.2
(39.6) 		13.8
(56.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) 0.7
(33.3) 		2.0
(35.6) 		5.0
(41.0) 		8.8
(47.8) 		12.8
(55.0) 		16.5
(61.7) 		19.1
(66.4) 		18.1
(64.6) 		14.9
(58.8) 		9.9
(49.8) 		5.0
(41.0) 		1.8
(35.2) 		9.6
(49.2)
Average low °C (°F) −2.3
(27.9) 		−1.2
(29.8) 		0.3
(32.5) 		3.5
(38.3) 		7.1
(44.8) 		10.3
(50.5) 		11.8
(53.2) 		11.3
(52.3) 		9.0
(48.2) 		5.4
(41.7) 		1.8
(35.2) 		−1.1
(30.0) 		4.7
(40.4)
Mean minimum °C (°F) −9.6
(14.7) 		−7.5
(18.5) 		−5.7
(21.7) 		−2.0
(28.4) 		1.0
(33.8) 		4.9
(40.8) 		6.3
(43.3) 		6.1
(43.0) 		3.6
(38.5) 		−0.1
(31.8) 		−3.9
(25.0) 		−7.7
(18.1) 		−9.6
(14.7)
Record low °C (°F) −19.5
(−3.1) 		−17.4
(0.7) 		−13.4
(7.9) 		−4.9
(23.2) 		−2.3
(27.9) 		1.3
(34.3) 		2.5
(36.5) 		4.3
(39.7) 		−0.2
(31.6) 		−2.1
(28.2) 		−9.2
(15.4) 		−16.7
(1.9) 		−19.5
(−3.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 73.0
(2.87) 		74.0
(2.91) 		74.0
(2.91) 		61.0
(2.40) 		72.0
(2.83) 		84.0
(3.31) 		65.0
(2.56) 		78.0
(3.07) 		80.0
(3.15) 		73.0
(2.87) 		88.0
(3.46) 		82.0
(3.23) 		904
(35.57)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 10.0 9.0 10.0 9.0 11.0 10.0 8.0 9.0 8.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 111
Average relative humidity (%) 82.0 77.0 72.0 69.0 70.0 67.0 64.0 67.0 73.0 79.0 79.0 81.0 73.3
Mean monthly sunshine hours 49.8 76.2 130.8 161.2 180.5 212.3 255.2 225.5 184.9 114.9 60.9 42.0 1,694.2
Source: NOAA[38]

Politics

Coat of arms

 
Coat of arms of Geneva as part of the pavement in front of the Reformation Wall, 2013

Administrative divisions

The city is divided into eight quartiers, or districts, sometimes composed of several neighbourhoods. On the left bank are: (1) Jonction, (2) Centre, Plainpalais, and Acacias; (3) Eaux-Vives; and (4) Champel. The right bank includes: (1) Saint-Jean and Charmilles; (2) Servette and Petit-Saconnex; (3) Grottes and Saint-Gervais; and (4) Paquis and Nations.[39]

Government

See also: List of mayors of Geneva

The Administrative Council (Conseil administratif) constitutes the executive government of the city of Geneva and operates as a collegiate authority. It is composed of five councilors (French: Conseiller administratif/ Conseillère administrative), each presiding over a department. The president of the executive department acts as mayor (la maire/le maire). In the governmental year 2021–2022, the Administrative Council is presided over by Madame la maire de Genève Frédérique Perler. Departmental tasks, coordination measures and implementation of laws decreed by the Municipal Council are carried out by the Administrative Council. Elections for the Administrative Council are held every five years. The current term of (la législature) is from 1 June 2020 to 31 May 2025. The delegates are elected by means of a system of Majorz. The mayor and vice change each year, while the heads of the other departments are assigned by the collegiate. The executive body holds its meetings in the Palais Eynard, near the Parc des Bastions.[40]

As of 2020, Geneva's Administrative Council is made up of two representatives each of the Social Democratic Party (PS) and the Green Party (PES), and one member of the Christian Democratic Party (PDC). This gives the left-wing parties four out of the five seats and, for the first time in history, a female majority. The last election was held on 15 March/5 April 2020.[41] Except for the mayor, all other councillors have been elected for the first time.[42]

Le Conseil administratif of Geneva [42]
Councillor
(M. Conseiller administratif/ Mme Conseillère administrative)		 Party Head of Office (Département, since) of elected in
Frédérique Perler[SR 1]   PES Planning, Construction, and Mobility (de l'aménagement, des constructions et de la mobilité, 2020) 2020
Marie Barbey-Chappuis[SR 2]   PDC Security and Sport (de la sécurité et des sports, 2020) 2020
Sami Kanaan   PS Culture and Digital Change (de la culture et de la transition numérique, 2020) 2011
Alfonso Gomez   PES Finance, Environment and Housing (des finances, de l'environnement et du logement, 2020) 2020
Christina Kitsos   PS Social Cohesion and Solidarity (de la cohésion sociale et de la solidarité, 2020) 2020
  1. ^ Mayor (la maire de Genève) 2021/22
  2. ^ Vice President (Vice-présidente) 2021/22

Parliament

Le Conseil municipal of Geneva for the mandate period of 2020–2025

  Ensemble à gauche (PST-POP & Sol) (8.8%)
  PS (23.8%)
  Les Verts (PES) (22.5%)
  PDC (10%)
  PLR (17.5%)
  UDC (8.8%)
  MCG (8.8%)

The Municipal Council (Conseil municipal) holds legislative power. It is made up of 80 members, with elections held every five years. The Municipal Council makes regulations and by-laws that are executed by the Administrative Council and the administration. The delegates are selected by means of a system of proportional representation with a seven percent threshold. The sessions of the Municipal Council are public. Unlike members of the Administrative Council, members of the Municipal Council are not politicians by profession, and they are paid a fee based on their attendance. Any resident of Geneva allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the Municipal Council. The Council holds its meetings in the Town Hall (Hôtel de Ville), in the old city.[43]

The last election of the Municipal Council was held on 15 March 2020 for the (législature) of 2020–2025. Currently, the Municipal Council consists of: 19 members of the Social Democratic Party (PS), 18 Green Party (PES), 14 Les Libéraux-Radicaux (PLR), 8 Christian Democratic People's Party (PDC); 7 Geneva Citizens' Movement (MCG), 7 Ensemble à Gauche (an alliance of the left parties PST-POP (Parti Suisse du Travail – Parti Ouvrier et Populaire) and solidaritéS), 6 Swiss People's Party (UDC).[44]

Elections

National Council

In the 2019 federal election for the Swiss National Council the most popular party was the Green Party which received 26% (+14.6) of the vote. The next seven most popular parties were the PS (17.9%, -5.9), PLR (15.1%, -2.4), the UDC (12.6%, -3.7), the PdA/solidaritéS (10%, +1.3), the PDC (5.4%, -5.3), the pvl (5%, +2.9), and MCR (4.9%, -2.7).[45] In the federal election a total of 34,319 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 39.6%.[46]

In the 2015 federal election for the Swiss National Council the most popular party was the PS which received 23.8% of the vote. The next five most popular parties were the PLR (17.6%), the UDC (16.3%), the Green Party (11.4%), the PDC (10.7%), and the solidaritéS (8.8%). In the federal election a total of 36,490 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 44.1%.[47]

Metropolitan cooperation

The city centre of Geneva is located only 1.9 km (1.2 mi) from the border of France. As a result, the urban area and the metropolitan area largely extend across the border on French territory. Due to the small size of the municipality of Geneva (16 km2 (6 sq mi))[6] and extension of the urban area over an international border, official bodies of transnational cooperation were developed as early as the 1970s to manage the cross-border Greater Geneva area at a metropolitan level.

In 1973, a Franco-Swiss agreement created the Comité régional franco-genevois ("Franco-Genevan Regional Committee", CRFG in French). In 1997 an 'Urban planning charter' of the CRFG defined for the first time a planning territory called agglomération franco-valdo-genevoise ("Franco-Vaud-Genevan urban area"). 2001 saw the creation of a Comité stratégique de développement des transports publics régionaux ("Strategic Committee for the Development of Regional Public Transports", DTPR in French), a committee which adopted in 2003 a 'Charter for Public Transports', first step in the development of a metropolitan, cross-border commuter rail network (see Léman Express).

In 2004, a public transnational body called Projet d’agglomération franco-valdo-genevois ("Franco-Vaud-Genevan urban area project") was created to serve as the main body of metropolitan cooperation for the planning territory defined in 1997, with more local French councils taking part in this new public body than in the CRFG created in 1973. Finally in 2012 the Projet d’agglomération franco-valdo-genevois was renamed Grand Genève ("Greater Geneva"), and the following year it was transformed into a Local Grouping of Transnational Cooperation (GLCT in French), a public entity under Swiss law, which now serves as the executive body of the Grand Genève.

The Grand Genève GLCT is made up of the Canton of Geneva, the Nyon District (in the canton of Vaud), and the Pôle métropolitain du Genevois français (literally "Metropolitan hub of the French Genevan territory"), this last one a federation of eight French intercommunal councils in Ain and Haute-Savoie. The Grand Genève GLCT extends over 1,996 km2 (771 sq mi)[11] and had a population of 1,025,316 in Jan. 2019 (Swiss estimates and French census), 58.5% of them living on Swiss territory, and 41.5% on French territory.[12]

International relations

Geneva does not have any sister relationships with other cities. It declares itself related to the entire world.[48][49]

Demographics

Population

 
The Flowered Clock at the Quai du Général-Guisan (English Garden), during the 2012 Geneva Festival
 
Rue Pierre-Fatio in Geneva

The city of Geneva (ville de Genève) had a population 203,951 in 2020 (Jan. estimate)[5] within its small municipal territory of 16 km2 (6 sq mi).[6] The city of Geneva is at the centre of the Geneva metropolitan area, a Functional Urban Area (as per Eurostat methodology) which extends over Swiss territory (entire Canton of Geneva and part of the canton of Vaud) and French territory (parts of the departments of Ain and Haute-Savoie).[7] The Geneva Functional Urban Area covers a land area of 2,292 km2 (885 sq mi) (24.2% in Switzerland, 75.8% in France)[8] and had 1,044,766 inhabitants in Jan. 2020 (Swiss estimates and French census), 58.0% of them on Swiss territory and 42.0% on French territory.[9]

The Geneva metropolitan area is one of the fastest growing in Europe. Its population rose from 888,651 in Jan. 2009[50] to 1,044,766 in Jan. 2020, which means the metropolitan area registered a population growth rate of +1.48% per year during those 11 years. Growth is higher in the French part of the metropolitan area (+1.93% per year between 2009 and 2020) than in the Swiss part (+1.17% per year between 2009 and 2020), as Geneva attracts many French commuters due to high Swiss salaries and a favorable Franco-Swiss tax regime for French residents working in Switzerland.

The official language of Geneva (both the city and the canton) is French. English is also common due to the high number of anglophone immigrants and foreigners working in international institutions and in the bank sector. As of 2000, 128,622 or 72.3% of the population speaks French as a first language, with English being the second most common (7,853 or 4.4%) language. 7,462 inhabitants speak Spanish (or 4.2%), 7,320 speak Italian (4.1%), 7,050 speak German (4.0%) and 113 people who speak Romansh.[51] As a result of immigration flows in the 1960s and 1980s, Portuguese is also spoken by a considerable proportion[vague] of the population.

In the city of Geneva, as of 2013, 48% of the population are resident foreign nationals.[52] For a list of the largest groups of foreign residents see the cantonal overview. Over the last 10 years (1999–2009), the population has changed at a rate of 7.2%; a rate of 3.4% due to migration and at a rate of 3.4% due to births and deaths.[53]

As of 2008, the gender distribution of the population was 47.8% male and 52.2% female. The population was made up of 46,284 Swiss men (24.2% of the population) and 45,127 (23.6%) non-Swiss men. There were 56,091 Swiss women (29.3%) and 43,735 (22.9%) non-Swiss women.[54] As of 2000 approximately 24.3% of the population of the municipality were born in Geneva and lived there in 2000 – 43,296. A further 11,757 or 6.6% who were born in the same canton, while 27,359 or 15.4% were born elsewhere in Switzerland, and 77,893 or 43.8% were born outside of Switzerland.[51]

In 2008, there were 1,147 live births to Swiss citizens and 893 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in the same time span there were 1,114 deaths of Swiss citizens and 274 non-Swiss citizen deaths. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens increased by 33, while the foreign population increased by 619. There were 465 Swiss men and 498 Swiss women who emigrated from Switzerland. At the same time, there were 2933 non-Swiss men and 2662 non-Swiss women who immigrated from another country to Switzerland. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 135 and the non-Swiss population increased by 3181 people. This represents a population growth rate of 1.8%.[55]

As of 2000, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 18.2% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 65.8% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 16%.[53]

As of 2000, there were 78,666 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 74,205 married individuals, 10,006 widows or widowers and 15,087 individuals who are divorced.[51]

As of 2000, there were 86,231 private households in the municipality, and an average of 1.9 persons per household.[53] There were 44,373 households that consist of only one person and 2,549 households with five or more people. Out of a total of 89,269 households that answered this question, 49.7% were households made up of just one person and there were 471 adults who lived with their parents. Of the rest of the households, there are 17,429 married couples without children, 16,607 married couples with children. There were 5,499 single parents with a child or children. There were 1,852 households that were made up of unrelated people and 3,038 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.[51]

 
Apartment buildings in the Quartier des Grottes
 
Geneva, with Lake Geneva in the background

In 2000, there were 743 single family homes (or 10.6% of the total) out of a total of 6,990 inhabited buildings. There were 2,758 multi-family buildings (39.5%), along with 2,886 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (41.3%) and 603 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (8.6%). Of the single family homes, 197 were built before 1919, while 20 were built between 1990 and 2000. The greatest number of single family homes (277) were built between 1919 and 1945.[56]

In 2000, there were 101,794 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was 3 rooms of which there were 27,084. There were 21,889 single room apartments and 11,166 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, a total of 85,330 apartments (83.8% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 13,644 apartments (13.4%) were seasonally occupied and 2,820 apartments (2.8%) were empty.[56] As of 2009, the construction rate of new housing units was 1.3 new units per 1000 residents.[53]

As of 2003, the average price to rent an average apartment in Geneva was 1163.30 Swiss francs (CHF) per month (US$930, £520, €740 approx. exchange rate from 2003). The average rate for a one-room apartment was 641.60 CHF (US$510, £290, €410), a two-room apartment was about 874.46 CHF (US$700, £390, €560), a three-room apartment was about 1126.37 CHF (US$900, £510, €720) and a six or more room apartment cost an average of 2691.07 CHF (US$2150, £1210, €1720). The average apartment price in Geneva was 104.2% of the national average of 1116 CHF.[57] The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2010, was 0.25%.[53]

In June 2011, the average price of an apartment in and around Geneva was 13,681 CHF per square metre (11 sq ft). The average can be as high as 17,589 Swiss francs (CHF) per square metre (11 sq ft) for a luxury apartment and as low as 9,847 Swiss francs (CHF) for an older or basic apartment. For houses in and around Geneva, the average price was 11,595 Swiss francs (CHF) per square metre (11 sq ft) (June 2011), with a lowest price per square metre (11 sq ft) of 4,874 Swiss francs (CHF), and a maximum price of 21,966 Swiss francs (CHF).[58]

Historical population

William Monter calculates that the city's total population was 12,000–13,000 in 1550, doubling to over 25,000 by 1560.[59]

The historical population is given in the following chart:[60]

Religion

The 2000 census recorded 66,491 residents (37.4% of the population) as Catholic, while 41,289 people (23.20%) belonged to no church or were agnostic or atheist, 24,105 (13.5%) belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church, and 8,698 (4.89%) were Muslim. There were also 3,959 members of an Orthodox church (2.22%), 220 individuals (or about 0.12% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland, 2,422 (1.36%) who belonged to another Christian church, and 2,601 people (1.46%) who were Jewish. There were 707 individuals who were Buddhist, 474 who were Hindu and 423 who belonged to another church. 26,575 respondents (14.93%) did not answer the question.[51]

According to 2012 statistics by Swiss Bundesamt für Statistik 49.2% of the population were Christian, (34.2% Catholic, 8.8% Swiss Reformed (organized in the Protestant Church of Geneva) and 6.2% other Christians, mostly other Protestants), 38% of Genevans were non-religious, 6.1% were Muslim and 1.6% were Jews.[61]

Geneva has historically been considered a Protestant city and was known as the Protestant Rome due to it being the base of John Calvin, William Farel, Theodore Beza and other Protestant reformers. Over the past century, substantial immigration from France and other predominantly Catholic countries, as well as general secularization, has changed its religious landscape. As a result, three times as many Roman Catholics as Protestants lived in the city in 2000, while a large number of residents were members of neither group. Geneva forms part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Lausanne, Geneva and Fribourg.

The World Council of Churches and the Lutheran World Federation both have their headquarters at the Ecumenical Centre in Grand-Saconnex, Geneva. The World Communion of Reformed Churches, a worldwide organization of Presbyterian, Continental Reformed, Congregational and other Calvinist churches gathering more than 80 million people around the world was based here from 1948 until 2013. The executive committee of the World Communion of Reformed Churches voted in 2012 to move its offices to Hanover, Germany, citing the high costs of running the ecumenical organization in Geneva, Switzerland. The move was completed in 2013. Likewise, the Conference of European Churches have moved their headquarters from Geneva to Brussels.

"Protestant Rome"

 
Reformation Wall in Geneva; from left to right: William Farel, John Calvin, Theodore Beza, and John Knox

Prior to the Protestant Reformation the city was de jure and de facto Catholic. Reaction to the new movement varied across Switzerland. John Calvin went to Geneva in 1536 after William Farel encouraged him to do so. In Geneva, the Catholic bishop had been obliged to seek exile in 1532. Geneva became a stronghold of Calvinism. Some of the tenets created there influenced Protestantism as a whole. St. Pierre Cathedral was where Calvin and his Protestant reformers preached. It constituted the epicentre of the newly developing Protestant thought that would later become known as the Reformed tradition. Many prominent Reformed theologians operated there, including William Farel and Theodore Beza, Calvin's successor who progressed Reformed thought after his death.

Geneva was a shelter for Calvinists, but at the same time it persecuted Roman Catholics and others considered heretics. The case of Michael Servetus, an early Nontrinitarian, is notable. Condemned by both Catholics and Protestants alike, he was arrested in Geneva and burnt at the stake as a heretic by order of the city's Protestant governing council. John Calvin and his followers denounced him, and possibly contributed to his sentence.

In 1802, during its annexation to France under Napoleon I, the Diocese of Geneva was united with the Diocese of Chambéry, but the 1814 Congress of Vienna and the 1816 Treaty of Turin stipulated that in the territories transferred to a now considerably extended Geneva, the Catholic religion was to be protected and that no changes were to be made in existing conditions without an agreement with the Holy See.[28] Napoleon's common policy was to emancipate Catholics in Protestant-majority areas, and the other way around, as well as emancipating Jews. In 1819, the city of Geneva and 20 parishes were united to the Diocese of Lausanne by Pope Pius VII and in 1822, the non-Swiss territory was made into the Diocese of Annecy. A variety of concord with the civil authorities came as a result of the separation of church and state, enacted with strong Catholic support in 1907.[28]

Crime

See also: Crime in Switzerland

In 2014 the incidence of crimes listed in the Swiss Criminal Code in Geneva was 143.9 per thousand residents. During the same period the rate of drug crimes was 33.6 per thousand residents. The rate of violations of immigration, visa and work permit laws was 35.7 per thousand residents.[62]

Cityscape

 
View of Geneva to the south. Mont Salève (in France) looms large behind the city, with the white summit of Mont Blanc just visible behind it 70 km (43 mi) away to the southeast. To the left of Mont Blanc is the point of Le Môle, with the Jet d'Eau in the foreground.
 
View of Geneva from the Salève.

Heritage sites of national significance

There are 82 buildings or sites in Geneva that are listed as Swiss heritage sites of national significance, and the entire old city of Geneva is part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.[63]

Religious buildings: Cathedral St-Pierre et Chapel des Macchabés, Notre-Dame Church, Russian church, St-Germain Church, Temple de la Fusterie, Temple de l'Auditoire

Civic buildings: Former Arsenal and Archives of the City of Genève, Former Crédit Lyonnais, Former Hôtel Buisson, Former Hôtel du Résident de France et Bibliothèque de la Société de lecture de Genève, Former école des arts industriels, Archives d'État de Genève (Annexe), Bâtiment des forces motrices, Bibliothèque de Genève, Library juive de Genève «Gérard Nordmann», Cabinet des estampes, Centre d'Iconographie genevoise, Collège Calvin, École Geisendorf, University Hospital of Geneva (HUG), Hôtel de Ville et tour Baudet, Immeuble Clarté at Rue Saint-Laurent 2 and 4, Immeubles House Rotonde at Rue Charles-Giron 11–19, Immeubles at Rue Beauregard 2, 4, 6, 8, Immeubles at Rue de la Corraterie 10–26, Immeubles at Rue des Granges 2–6, Immeuble at Rue des Granges 8, Immeubles at Rue des Granges 10 and 12, Immeuble at Rue des Granges 14, Immeuble and Former Armory at Rue des Granges 16, Immeubles at Rue Pierre Fatio 7 and 9, House de Saussure at Rue de la Cité 24, House Des arts du Grütli at Rue du Général-Dufour 16, House Royale et les deux immeubles à côté at Quai Gustave Ador 44–50, Tavel House at Rue du Puits-St-Pierre 6, Turrettini House at Rue de l'Hôtel-de-Ville 8 and 10, Brunswick Monument, Palais de Justice, Palais de l'Athénée, Palais des Nations with library and archives of the SDN and ONU, Palais Eynard et Archives de la ville de Genève, Palais Wilson, Parc des Bastions avec Mur des Réformateurs, Place de Neuve et Monument du Général Dufour, Pont de la Machine, Pont sur l'Arve, Poste du Mont-Blanc, Quai du Mont-Blanc, Quai et Hôtel des Bergues, Quai Général Guisan and English Gardens, Quai Gustave-Ador and Jet d'eau, Télévision Suisse Romande, University of Geneva, Victoria Hall.

Archeological sites: Foundation Baur and Museum of the arts d'Extrême-Orient, Parc et campagne de la Grange and Library (neolithic shore settlement/Roman villa), Bronze Age shore settlement of Plonjon, Temple de la Madeleine archeological site, Temple Saint-Gervais archeological site, Old City with Celtic, Roman and medieval villages.

Museums, theaters, and other cultural sites: Conservatoire de musique at Place Neuve 5, Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques, Fonds cantonal d'art contemporain, Ile Rousseau and statue, Institut et Musée Voltaire with Library and Archives, Mallet House and Museum international de la Réforme, Musée Ariana, Museum of Art and History, Museum d'art moderne et contemporain, Museum d'ethnographie, Museum of the International Red Cross, Musée Rath, Natural History Museum, Plainpalais Commune Auditorium, Pitoëff Theatre, Villa Bartholoni at the Museum of History and Science.

International organizations: International Labour Organization (ILO), International Committee of the Red Cross, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), World Meteorological Organization, World Trade Organization, International Telecommunication Union, World YMCA.

Society and culture

Media

The city's main newspaper is the daily Tribune de Genève, with a readership of about 187,000. Le Courrier mainly focuses on Geneva. Both Le Temps (headquartered in Geneva) and Le Matin are widely read in Geneva, but cover the whole of Romandy.

Geneva is the main media center for French-speaking Switzerland. It is the headquarters for the numerous French language radio and television networks of the Swiss Broadcasting Corporation, known collectively as Radio Télévision Suisse. While both networks cover the whole of Romandy, special programs related to Geneva are sometimes broadcast on some of the local radio frequencies. Other local radio stations broadcast from the city, including YesFM (FM 91.8 MHz), Radio Cité (non-commercial radio, FM 92.2 MHz), OneFM (FM 107.0 MHz, also broadcast in Vaud), and World Radio Switzerland (FM 88.4 MHz). Léman Bleu is a local TV channel, founded in 1996 and distributed by cable. Due to the proximity to France, many French television channels are also available.

Traditions and customs

Geneva observes Jeûne genevois on the first Thursday following the first Sunday in September. By local tradition, this commemorates the date news of the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre of Huguenots reached Geneva.

Geneva celebrates L'Escalade on the weekend nearest 12 December, celebrating the defeat of the surprise attack of troops sent by Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy during the night of 11–12 December 1602. Festive traditions include chocolate cauldrons filled with vegetable-shaped marzipan treats and the Escalade procession on horseback in seventeenth century armour. Geneva has also been organizing a 'Course de l'Escalade', which means 'Climbing Race'. This race takes place in Geneva's Old Town, and has been popular across all ages. Non-competitive racers dress up in fancy costumes, while walking in the race.

Since 1818, a particular chestnut tree has been used as the official "herald of the spring" in Geneva. The sautier (secretary of the Parliament of the Canton of Geneva) observes the tree and notes the day of arrival of the first bud. While this event has no practical effect, the sautier issues a formal press release and the local newspaper will usually mention the news.[64]

As this is one of the world's oldest records of a plant's reaction to climatic conditions, researchers have been interested to note that the first bud has been appearing earlier and earlier in the year. During the 19th century many dates were in March or April. In recent years, they have usually been in late February (sometimes earlier).[65] In 2002, the first bud appeared unusually early, on 7 February, and then again on 29 December of the same year. The following year, one of the hottest years recorded in Europe, was a year with no bud. In 2008, the first bud also appeared early, on 19 February.

Music and festivals

 
Fireworks at the Fêtes de Genève, 2012

The opera house, the Grand Théâtre de Genève, which officially opened in 1876, was partly destroyed by a fire in 1951 and reopened in 1962. It has the largest stage in Switzerland. It features opera and dance performances, recitals, concerts and, occasionally, theatre. The Victoria Hall is used for classical music concerts. It is the home of the Orchestre de la Suisse Romande.

Every summer the Fêtes de Genève (Geneva Festival) are organised in Geneva. According to Radio Télévision Suisse in 2013 hundreds of thousands of people came to Geneva to see the annual hour-long grand firework display of the Fêtes de Genève.[66]

An annual music festival takes place in June. Groups of artists perform in different parts of the city. In 2016 the festival celebrated its 25th anniversary.[67]

Further annual festivals are the Fête de l'Olivier, a festival of Arabic music, organized by the ICAM since 1980,[68] and the Genevan Brass Festival, founded by Christophe Sturzenegger in 2010.[69]

Education

The Canton of Geneva's public school system has écoles primaires (ages 4–12) and cycles d'orientation (ages 12–15). Students can leave school at 15, but secondary education is provided by collèges (ages 15–19), the oldest of which is the Collège Calvin, which could be considered one of the oldest public schools in the world,[66][70] écoles de culture générale (15–18/19) and the écoles professionnelles (15–18/19). The écoles professionnelles offer full-time courses and part-time study as part of an apprenticeship. Geneva also has a number of private schools.[71]

In 2011 89,244 (37.0%) of the population had completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 107,060 or (44.3%) had completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 107,060 who completed tertiary schooling, 32.5% were Swiss men, 31.6% were Swiss women, 18.1% were non-Swiss men and 17.8% were non-Swiss women.

During the 2011–2012 school year, there were a total of 92,311 students in the Geneva school system (primary to university). The education system in the Canton of Geneva has eight years of primary school, with 32,716 students. The secondary school program consists of three lower, obligatory years of schooling, followed by three to five years of optional, advanced study. There were 13,146 lower-secondary students who attended schools in Geneva. There were 10,486 upper-secondary students from the municipality along with 10,330 students who were in a professional, non-university track program. An additional 11,797 students were attending private schools.[72]

Geneva is home to the University of Geneva where approximately 16,500 students are regularly enrolled.[73] In 1559 John Calvin founded the Geneva Academy, a theological and humanist seminary. In the 19th century the academy lost its ecclesiastic links and in 1873, with the addition of a medical faculty, it became the University of Geneva. In 2011 it was ranked 35th European university.[74]

The Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies was among the first academic institutions in the world to teach international relations. It is one of Europe's most prestigious institutions, offering MA and PhD programmes in anthropology and sociology, law, political science, history, economics, international affairs, and development studies.

The oldest international school in the world is the International School of Geneva, founded in 1924 along with the League of Nations. The Geneva School of Diplomacy and International Relations is a private, for-profit university in the grounds of the Château de Penthes.

CERN (the European Organization for Nuclear Research) is probably the best known of Geneva's educational and research facilities, most recently for the Large Hadron Collider. Founded in 1954, CERN was one of Europe's first joint ventures and has developed as the world's largest particle physics laboratory. Physicists from around the world travel to CERN to research matter and explore the fundamental forces and materials that form the universe.

Geneva is home to five major libraries, the Bibliothèques municipales Genève, the Haute école de travail social, the Institut d'études sociales, the Haute école de santé, the École d'ingénieurs de Genève and the Haute école d'art et de design. There were (as of 2008) 877,680 books or other media in the libraries, and in the same year 1,798,980 items were loaned.[75]

Further information: Foundation For Technical Education

Economy

Geneva's economy is largely service-driven and closely linked to the rest of the canton. The city is one of the global leaders in financial centres.[76] Three main sectors dominate the financial sector: commodity trading; trade finance, and wealth management.

Around a third of the world's free traded oil, sugar, grains and oil seeds is traded in Geneva. Approximately 22% of the world's cotton is traded in the Lake Geneva region. Other major commodities traded in the canton include steel, electricity, or coffee.[77] Large trading companies have their regional or global headquarters in the canton, such as Bunge, Cargill, Vitol, Gunvor, BNP Paribas, Trafigura or Mercuria Energy Group, in addition to being home to the world's largest shipping company, Mediterranean Shipping Company. Commodity trading is sustained by a strong trade finance sector, with large banks such as BCGE, BCP, BNP Paribas, BCV, Crédit Agricole, Credit Suisse, ING, Société Générale, and UBS, all having their headquarters in the area for this business.

Wealth management is dominated by non-publicly listed banks and private banks, particularly Pictet, Lombard Odier, Edmond de Rothschild Group, Union Bancaire Privée, Mirabaud Group, Dukascopy Bank, Bordier & Cie, Banque SYZ, or REYL & Cie. In addition, the canton is home to the largest concentration of foreign-owned banks in Switzerland, such as HSBC Private Bank, JPMorgan Chase, or Arab Bank.

Behind the financial sector, the next largest major economic sector is watchmaking, dominated by luxury firms Rolex, Richemont, Patek Philippe, Piaget, Roger Dubuis, and others, whose factories are concentrated in the Les Acacias neighbourhood, as well as the neighbouring municipalities of Plan-les-Ouates, Satigny, and Meyrin.

Trade finance, wealth management, and watchmaking, approximately contribute two thirds of the corporate tax paid in the canton[78]

Other large multinationals are also headquartered in the city and canton, such as Firmenich (in Satigny), and Givaudan (in Vernier), the world's two largest manufacturers of flavours, fragrances and active cosmetic ingredients; SGS, the world's largest inspection, verification, testing and certification services company; Temenos, a large banking software provider; or the local headquarters for Procter & Gamble, Japan Tobacco International, or L'Oréal (in Vernier).

Although they do not directly contribute to the local economy, the city of Geneva is also host to the world's largest concentration of international organisations and UN agencies, such as the Red Cross, the World Health Organization, the World Trade Organization, the International Telecommunication Union, the World Intellectual Property Organization, the World Meteorological Organization, and the International Labour Organization, as well as the European headquarters of the United Nations.

Its international mindedness, well-connected airport, and centrality in the continent, also make Geneva a good destination for congresses and trade fairs, of which the largest is the Geneva Motor Show held in Palexpo.

Agriculture is commonplace in the hinterlands of Geneva, particularly wheat and wine. Despite its relatively small size, the canton produces around 10% of the Swiss wine and has the highest vineyard density in the country.[79] The largest strains grown in Geneva are gamay, chasselas, pinot noir, gamaret, and chardonnay.

As of  2019, Geneva had an unemployment rate of 3.9%.[80] As of 2008, there were five[clarification needed] people employed in the primary economic sector and about three[clarification needed] businesses involved in this sector. 9,783 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 1,200 businesses in this sector. 134,429 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 12,489 businesses in this sector.[53] There were 91,880 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, with women making up 47.7% of the workforce.

In 2008, the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 124,185. The number of jobs in the primary sector was four, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 9,363 of which 4,863 or (51.9%) were in manufacturing and 4,451 (47.5%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 114,818. In the tertiary sector; 16,573 or 14.4% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 3,474 or 3.0% were in the movement and storage of goods, 9,484 or 8.3% were in a hotel or restaurant, 4,544 or 4.0% were in the information industry, 20,982 or 18.3% were the insurance or financial industry, 12,177 or 10.6% were technical professionals or scientists, 10,007 or 8.7% were in education and 15,029 or 13.1% were in health care.[81]

In 2000, there were 95,190 workers who commuted into the municipality and 25,920 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 3.7 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. About 13.8% of the workforce coming into Geneva are coming from outside Switzerland, while 0.4% of the locals commute out of Switzerland for work.[82] Of the working population, 38.2% used public transportation to get to work, and 30.6% used a private car.[53]

Sport

Ice hockey is one of the most popular sports in Geneva.[83] Geneva is home to Genève-Servette HC, which plays in the National League (NL). They play their home games in the 7,135-seat Patinoire des Vernets. In 2008, 2010 and 2021 the team made it to the league finals but lost to the ZSC Lions, SC Bern and EV Zug respectively.[84] The team was by far the most popular one in both the city and the canton of Geneva, drawing three times more spectators than the football team in 2017.[85][86] Since the return of Servette FC in the Swiss Super League, however, both teams have similar attendance numbers.[87]

The town is home to Servette FC, a football club founded in 1890 and named after a borough on the right bank of the Rhône. It is the most successful football club in Romandy, and the third in Switzerland overall, with 17 league titles and 7 Swiss Cups.[88] The home of Servette FC is the 30,000-seat Stade de Genève. Servette FC plays in the Credit Suisse Super League. Étoile Carouge FC and Urania Genève Sport also play in the city.

Geneva is home to the basketball team Lions de Genève, 2013 and 2015 champions of the Swiss Basketball League. The team plays its home games in the Pavilion des Sports.

Geneva Jets Australian Football Club have been playing Australian Football in the AFL Switzerland league since 2019.

Infrastructure

Transportation

Main article: Transports Publics Genevois
 
Geneva railway station
 
TCMC (Tramway Cornavin – Meyrin – CERN)

The city is served by the Geneva Airport. It is connected by Geneva Airport railway station (French: Gare de Genève-Aéroport) to both the Swiss Federal Railways network and the French SNCF network, including links to Paris, Lyon, Marseille and Montpellier by TGV. Geneva is connected to the motorway systems of both Switzerland (A1 motorway) and France.

Public transport by bus, trolleybus or tram is provided by Transports Publics Genevois. In addition to an extensive coverage of the city centre, the network extends to most of the municipalities of the Canton, with a few lines reaching into France. Public transport by boat is provided by the Mouettes Genevoises, which link the two banks of the lake within the city, and by the Compagnie Générale de Navigation sur le lac Léman which serves more distant destinations such as Nyon, Yvoire, Thonon, Évian, Lausanne and Montreux using both modern diesel vessels and vintage paddle steamers.

 
Geneva Sécheron railway station

Trains operated by Swiss Federal Railways connect the airport to the main station of Cornavin in six minutes. Regional train services are being developed towards Coppet and Bellegarde. At the city limits two new railway stations have been opened since 2002: Genève-Sécheron (close to the UN and the Botanical Gardens) and Lancy-Pont-Rouge.

In 2011 work started on the CEVA rail (Cornavin – Eaux-Vives – Annemasse) project, first planned in 1884, which will connect Cornavin with the Cantonal hospital, Eaux-Vives railway station and Annemasse, in France. The link between the main railway station and the classification yard of La Praille already exists; from there, the line runs mostly underground to the Hospital and Eaux-Vives, where it links to the existing line to France. The line fully opened in December 2019, as part of the Léman Express regional rail network.

 
TOSA Bus at PALEXPO Flash bus stops

In May 2013, the demonstrator electric bus system[89] with a capacity of 133 passengers commenced between Geneva Airport and Palexpo. The project aims to introduce a new system of mass transport with electric "flash" recharging of the buses at selected stops while passengers are disembarking and embarking.[90]

Taxis in Geneva can be difficult to find, and may need to be booked in advance, especially in the early morning or at peak hours. Taxis can refuse to take babies and children because of seating legislation.[91]

An ambitious project to close 200 streets in the centre of Geneva to cars was approved by the Geneva cantonal authorities in 2010 and was planned to be implemented over a span of four years (2010–2014), though as of 2018, work on the project has yet to be started.[92]

Utilities

 
The SIG-owned incinerator of Cheneviers, Verbois dam, and the solar farm

Water, natural gas and electricity are provided to the municipalities of the Canton of Geneva by the state-owned Services Industriels de Genève, known as SIG. Most of the drinking water (80%) is extracted from the lake; the remaining 20% is provided by groundwater, originally formed by infiltration from the Arve. 30% of the Canton's electricity needs is locally produced, mainly by three hydroelectric dams on the Rhône (Seujet, Verbois and Chancy-Pougny). In addition, 13% of the electricity produced in the Canton is from the burning of waste at the waste incineration facility of Les Cheneviers. The remaining needs (57%) are covered by imports from other cantons in Switzerland or other European countries; SIG buys only electricity produced by renewable methods, and in particular does not use electricity produced using nuclear reactors or fossil fuels. Natural gas is available in the City of Geneva, as well as in about two-thirds of the municipalities of the canton, and is imported from Western Europe by the Swiss company Gaznat. SIG also provides telecommunication facilities to carriers, service providers and large enterprises. From 2003 to 2005, "Voisin, voisine" a fibre to the Home pilot project with a triple play offering was launched to test the end-user market in the Charmilles district.

International organisations

See also: List of international organizations based in Geneva
 
The assembly hall of the Palais des nations.

Geneva is the European headquarters of the United Nations, in the Palace of Nations building, up the hill from the headquarters of the former League of Nations. Several agencies are headquartered in Geneva, including the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, the World Health Organization, the International Labour Organization, International Telecommunication Union, the International Baccalaureate Organization and the World Intellectual Property Organization.

Apart from the UN agencies, Geneva hosts many inter-governmental organizations, such as the World Trade Organization, the South Centre, the World Meteorological Organization, the World Economic Forum, the International Organization for Migration, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and the International Committee of the Red Cross.

The Maison de la Paix building hosts the three Geneva centres supported by the Swiss Confederation: the International Centre for Humanitarian Demining, the Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces and the Geneva Centre for Security Policy, as well as other organisations active in the field of peace, international affairs and sustainable development.[93]

Organizations on the European level include the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and CERN (the European Organization for Nuclear Research) which is the world's largest particle physics laboratory.

The Geneva Environment Network (GEN) publishes the Geneva Green Guide,[94] an extensive listing of Geneva-based global organisations working on environmental protection and sustainable development. A website,[95] jointly run by the Swiss Government, the World Business Council for Sustainable Development, the United Nations Environment Programme and the International Union for Conservation of Nature, includes accounts of how NGOs, business, government and the UN cooperate. By doing so, it attempts to explain why Geneva has been picked by so many NGOs and UN bodies as their headquarters' location.

The World Organization of the Scout Movement and the World Scout Bureau Central Office are headquartered in Geneva.

Notable people

A–C

 
Gustave Ador
 
Christiane Brunner
 
John Calvin, c. 1550
 
Isaac Casaubon

D–G

 
Michel Decastel, 2012
 
Jean Henri Dunant, 1901
 
Kat Graham, 2017

H–M

 
Francois Huber
 
Paul Lachenal, 1939
 
Lenin in Switzerland, 1916
 
Amelie Mauresmo, 2014

N–R

 
Liliane Maury Pasquier, 2007
 
Pierre Prévost
 
Jean-Jacques Rousseau

S–Z

 
Ferdinand de Saussure
 
Michael Schade, 2012
 
Michel Simon, 1964
 
Johann Vogel, 2006
 
Voltaire

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Arpitan: Genèva [dzəˈnɛva] ( listen); German: Genf [ɡɛnf] ( listen); Italian: Ginevra [dʒiˈneːvra]; Romansh: Genevra

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February 13, 2023
geneva, this, article, about, city, canton, canton, other, uses, disambiguation, french, genève, ʒənɛv, listen, note, second, most, populous, city, switzerland, after, zürich, most, populous, city, romandy, french, speaking, part, switzerland, situated, south,. This article is about the city of Geneva For the canton see canton of Geneva For other uses see Geneva disambiguation Geneva dʒ e ˈ n iː v e je NEE ve 4 French Geneve ʒenɛv listen note 1 is the second most populous city in Switzerland after Zurich and the most populous city of Romandy the French speaking part of Switzerland Situated in the south west of the country where the Rhone exits Lake Geneva it is the capital of the Republic and Canton of Geneva GenevaGeneve French Municipality in SwitzerlandA view over Geneva and the lakeFlagCoat of armsLocation of GenevaGeneve French GenevaGeneve French Show map of SwitzerlandGenevaGeneve French Show map of Canton of GenevaCoordinates 46 12 06 N 06 08 49 E 46 20167 N 6 14694 E 46 20167 6 14694 Coordinates 46 12 06 N 06 08 49 E 46 20167 N 6 14694 E 46 20167 6 14694CountrySwitzerlandCantonGenevaGovernment ExecutiveConseil administratif with 5 members MayorLa Mairie list Marie Barbey Chappuis The Centre as of June 2022 ParliamentConseil municipal with 80 membersArea 1 Total15 92 km2 6 15 sq mi Elevation Pont du Mont Blanc 375 m 1 230 ft Highest elevation Chemin du Pommier 457 m 1 499 ft Lowest elevation Le Rhone 370 m 1 210 ft Population 2018 12 31 2 Total201 818 Density13 000 km2 33 000 sq mi Demonym s Genevan or GeneveseFrench Genevois e Time zoneUTC 01 00 Central European Time Summer DST UTC 02 00 Central European Summer Time Postal code s 1200 or 1201 09 Geneve 1213 Petit Lancy 1227 Les Acacias 3 SFOS number6621Surrounded byCarouge Chene Bougeries Cologny Lancy Grand Saconnex Pregny Chambesy Vernier VeyrierWebsitewww wbr geneve wbr ch SFSO statisticsThe city of Geneva ville de Geneve had a population of 203 951 in 2020 Jan estimate 5 within its small municipal territory of 16 km2 6 sq mi 6 but the Canton of Geneva the city and its closest Swiss suburbs and exurbs had a population of 504 128 Jan 2020 estimate 5 over 246 km2 95 sq mi 6 and together with the suburbs and exurbs located in the canton of Vaud and in the French departments of Ain and Haute Savoie the cross border Geneva metropolitan area as officially defined by Eurostat 7 which extends over 2 292 km2 885 sq mi 8 had a population of 1 044 766 in Jan 2020 Swiss estimates and French census 9 Since 2013 the Canton of Geneva the Nyon District in the canton of Vaud and the Pole metropolitain du Genevois francais literally Metropolitan hub of the French Genevan territory this last one a federation of eight French intercommunal councils have formed Grand Geneve Greater Geneva a Local Grouping of Transnational Cooperation GLCT in French a public entity under Swiss law in charge of organizing cooperation within the cross border metropolitan area of Geneva in particular metropolitan transports 10 The Grand Geneve GLCT extends over 1 996 km2 771 sq mi 11 and had a population of 1 037 407 in Jan 2020 Swiss estimates and French census 58 4 of them living on Swiss territory and 41 6 on French territory 12 Geneva is a global city a financial centre and a worldwide centre for diplomacy due to the presence of numerous international organizations including the headquarters of many agencies of the United Nations 13 and the Red Cross 14 Geneva hosts the highest number of international organizations in the world 15 It is also where the Geneva Conventions were signed which chiefly concern the treatment of wartime non combatants and prisoners of war Together with for instance New York City global headquarters of the UN Basel Bank for International Settlements and Strasbourg Council of Europe Geneva is a city serving as the headquarters of one of the most important international organizations without being the capital of a country 16 17 18 In 2021 Geneva was ranked as the world s ninth most important financial centre for competitiveness by the Global Financial Centres Index fifth in Europe behind London Zurich Frankfurt and Luxembourg 19 In 2019 Geneva was ranked among the ten most liveable cities in the world by Mercer together with Zurich and Basel 20 The city has been referred to as the world s most compact metropolis 21 and the Peace Capital 22 In 2019 Mercer ranked Geneva as the thirteenth most expensive city in the world 23 In a UBS ranking of global cities in 2018 Geneva was ranked first for gross earnings second most expensive and fourth in purchasing power 24 Contents 1 Name 2 History 3 Geography 3 1 Topography 3 2 Climate 4 Politics 4 1 Coat of arms 4 2 Administrative divisions 4 3 Government 4 4 Parliament 4 5 Elections 4 5 1 National Council 4 6 Metropolitan cooperation 4 7 International relations 5 Demographics 5 1 Population 5 2 Historical population 5 3 Religion 5 3 1 Protestant Rome 5 4 Crime 6 Cityscape 7 Heritage sites of national significance 8 Society and culture 8 1 Media 8 2 Traditions and customs 8 3 Music and festivals 9 Education 10 Economy 11 Sport 12 Infrastructure 12 1 Transportation 12 2 Utilities 13 International organisations 14 Notable people 14 1 A C 14 2 D G 14 3 H M 14 4 N R 14 5 S Z 15 See also 16 Notes 17 References 18 Bibliography 19 External linksName EditThe city was mentioned in Latin texts by Caesar with the spelling Genava 25 probably from the Celtic genawa from the stem genu bend knee in the sense of a bending river or estuary an etymology shared with the Italian port city of Genoa in Italian Genova 26 The medieval county of Geneva in Middle Latin was known as pagus major Genevensis or Comitatus Genevensis also Gebennensis After 1400 it became the Genevois province of Savoy albeit not extending to the city proper until the reformation of the seat of the Bishop of Geneva 27 History EditMain article History of Geneva For a chronological guide see Timeline of Geneva For the Catholic ecclesiastical history see bishopric of Geneva A view of Geneva by Frances Elizabeth Wynne 4 August 1858 L Escalade is what Genevans call the failed surprise attack of 12 December 1602 by troops sent by Charles Emmanuel I Duke of Savoy to take Geneva This imaginative image was drawn by Matthias Quad or the workshop of Frans Hogenberg around 1603 Invaders are pictured crossing the moat in the center left while reinforcements are entering Plainpalais at the bottom A column of defenders is in the center headed toward the Savoyards Lake Leman is at center top Geneva was an Allobrogian border town fortified against the Helvetii tribe 28 when the Romans took it in 121 BC It became Christian under the Late Roman Empire and acquired its first bishop in the 5th century having been connected to the Bishopric of Vienne in the 4th Aerial view 1966 In the Middle Ages Geneva was ruled by a count under the Holy Roman Empire until the late 14th century when it was granted a charter giving it a high degree of self governance Around this time the House of Savoy came to at least nominally dominate the city In the 15th century an oligarchic republican government emerged with the creation of the Grand Council In the first half of the 16th century the Protestant Reformation reached the city causing religious strife during which Savoy rule was thrown off and Geneva allied itself with the Swiss Confederacy In 1541 with Protestantism on the rise John Calvin the Protestant Reformer and proponent of Calvinism became the spiritual leader of the city and established the Republic of Geneva By the 18th century Geneva had come under the influence of Catholic France which cultivated the city as its own France tended to be at odds with the ordinary townsfolk which inspired the failed Geneva Revolution of 1782 an attempt to win representation in the government for men of modest means In 1798 revolutionary France under the Directory annexed Geneva At the end of the Napoleonic Wars on 1 June 1814 Geneva was admitted to the Swiss Confederation In 1907 the separation of Church and State was adopted Geneva flourished in the 19th and 20th centuries becoming the seat of many international organizations 29 Geography EditTopography Edit Satellite view of Geneva Cointrin Airport is centre left The Saleve in France is the large area of green at bottom right Geneva is located at 46 12 North 6 09 East at the south western end of Lake Geneva where the Rhone flows out It is surrounded by three mountain chains each belonging to the Jura the Jura main range lies north westward the Vuache southward and the Saleve south eastward The Geneva area seen from above the Jura mountain chain with the International airport in the foreground and the Mont Blanc mountain range in the background The city covers an area of 15 93 km2 6 2 sq mi while the area of the canton is 282 km2 108 9 sq mi including the two small exclaves of Celigny in Vaud The part of the lake that is attached to Geneva has an area of 38 km2 14 7 sq mi and is sometimes referred to as petit lac small lake The canton has only a 4 5 km long 2 8 mi border with the rest of Switzerland Of 107 5 km 66 8 mi of border 103 are shared with France the Departement de l Ain to the north and west and the Departement de la Haute Savoie to the south and east Of the land in the city 0 24 km2 0 093 sq mi or 1 5 is used for agricultural purposes while 0 5 km2 0 19 sq mi or 3 1 is forested The rest of the land 14 63 km2 5 65 sq mi or 91 8 is built up buildings or roads 0 49 km2 0 19 sq mi or 3 1 is either rivers or lakes and 0 02 km2 4 9 acres or 0 1 is wasteland 30 Of the built up area industrial buildings made up 3 4 housing and buildings made up 46 2 and transportation infrastructure 25 8 while parks green belts and sports fields made up 15 7 Of the agricultural land 0 3 is used for growing crops Of the water in the municipality 0 2 is composed of lakes and 2 9 is rivers and streams 30 Confluence of the Rhone and the Arve The altitude of Geneva is 373 6 m 1 225 7 ft and corresponds to the altitude of the largest of the Pierres du Niton two large rocks emerging from the lake which date from the last ice age This rock was chosen by General Guillaume Henri Dufour as the reference point for surveying in Switzerland 31 The second main river of Geneva is the Arve which flows into the Rhone just west of the city centre Mont Blanc can be seen from Geneva and is an hour s drive from the city Climate Edit Average temperature and precipitation 1961 1990 32 The climate of Geneva is a temperate climate more specifically an oceanic climate Koppen climate classification Cfb Winters are cool usually with light frosts at night and thawing conditions during the day Summers are relatively warm Precipitation is adequate and is relatively well distributed throughout the year although autumn is slightly wetter than other seasons Ice storms near Lac Leman are normal in the winter Geneva can be affected by the Bise a north easterly wind This can lead to severe icing in winter 33 In summer many people swim in the lake and patronise public beaches such as Geneve Plage and the Bains des Paquis The city in certain years receives snow during colder months The nearby mountains are subject to substantial snowfall and are suitable for skiing Many world renowned ski resorts such as Verbier and Crans Montana are less than three hours away by car Mont Saleve 1 379 m 4 524 ft just across the border in France dominates the southerly view from the city centre and Mont Blanc the highest of the Alpine range is visible from most of the city towering high above Chamonix which along with Morzine Le Grand Bornand La Clusaz and resorts of the Grand Massif such as Samoens Morillon and Flaine are the closest French skiing destinations to Geneva During the years 2000 2009 the mean yearly temperature was 11 C and the mean number of sunshine hours per year was 2003 34 The highest temperature recorded in Geneve Cointrin was 39 7 C 103 5 F in July 2015 and the lowest temperature recorded was 20 0 C 4 0 F in February 1956 Climate data for Geneva GVA elevation 412 m 1 352 ft 1991 2020 normals extremes 1901 presentMonth Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 17 3 63 1 20 6 69 1 24 9 76 8 27 5 81 5 33 8 92 8 36 5 97 7 39 7 103 5 38 3 100 9 34 8 94 6 27 3 81 1 23 2 73 8 20 8 69 4 39 7 103 5 Average high C F 5 1 41 2 7 0 44 6 11 8 53 2 15 9 60 6 20 1 68 2 24 2 75 6 26 7 80 1 26 2 79 2 21 1 70 0 15 5 59 9 9 3 48 7 5 6 42 1 15 7 60 3 Daily mean C F 2 1 35 8 2 9 37 2 6 7 44 1 10 5 50 9 14 5 58 1 18 4 65 1 20 6 69 1 20 0 68 0 15 7 60 3 11 3 52 3 6 0 42 8 2 8 37 0 11 0 51 8 Average low C F 1 1 30 0 1 1 30 0 1 7 35 1 5 0 41 0 9 1 48 4 12 7 54 9 14 6 58 3 14 2 57 6 10 7 51 3 7 2 45 0 2 6 36 7 0 2 31 6 6 3 43 3 Record low C F 19 9 3 8 20 0 4 0 13 3 8 1 5 2 22 6 2 2 28 0 1 3 34 3 3 0 37 4 4 9 40 8 0 2 32 4 4 7 23 5 10 9 12 4 17 0 1 4 20 0 4 0 Average precipitation mm inches 73 2 9 56 2 2 62 2 4 67 2 6 78 3 1 83 3 3 79 3 1 81 3 2 91 3 6 96 3 8 89 3 5 90 3 5 946 37 2 Average snowfall cm inches 8 3 1 5 2 0 2 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 2 5 2 0 23 9 1 Average precipitation days 1 0 mm 9 5 7 9 8 2 8 6 10 2 9 1 8 1 7 8 8 3 9 7 9 9 10 3 107 6Average snowy days 1 0 cm 2 0 1 5 0 8 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 1 8 7 0Average relative humidity 81 75 68 65 68 66 64 67 73 80 82 82 73Mean monthly sunshine hours 61 96 161 187 212 246 269 242 184 116 65 48 1 887Percent possible sunshine 25 38 50 51 50 57 62 62 56 40 27 21 48Source 1 MeteoSwiss 35 Source 2 KNMI 36 37 Climate data for Geneva GVA elevation 420 m 1 378 ft 1961 1990 normals and extremesMonth Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 15 5 59 9 18 0 64 4 22 3 72 1 25 8 78 4 28 6 83 5 33 9 93 0 36 6 97 9 35 5 95 9 32 9 91 2 27 5 81 5 21 1 70 0 16 4 61 5 36 6 97 9 Mean maximum C F 11 0 51 8 13 3 55 9 18 1 64 6 21 5 70 7 25 3 77 5 29 9 85 8 33 1 91 6 32 6 90 7 28 0 82 4 22 1 71 8 15 9 60 6 12 5 54 5 33 1 91 6 Average high C F 3 5 38 3 5 3 41 5 9 2 48 6 13 5 56 3 17 6 63 7 21 8 71 2 24 6 76 3 23 7 74 7 20 3 68 5 13 9 57 0 8 0 46 4 4 2 39 6 13 8 56 8 Daily mean C F 0 7 33 3 2 0 35 6 5 0 41 0 8 8 47 8 12 8 55 0 16 5 61 7 19 1 66 4 18 1 64 6 14 9 58 8 9 9 49 8 5 0 41 0 1 8 35 2 9 6 49 2 Average low C F 2 3 27 9 1 2 29 8 0 3 32 5 3 5 38 3 7 1 44 8 10 3 50 5 11 8 53 2 11 3 52 3 9 0 48 2 5 4 41 7 1 8 35 2 1 1 30 0 4 7 40 4 Mean minimum C F 9 6 14 7 7 5 18 5 5 7 21 7 2 0 28 4 1 0 33 8 4 9 40 8 6 3 43 3 6 1 43 0 3 6 38 5 0 1 31 8 3 9 25 0 7 7 18 1 9 6 14 7 Record low C F 19 5 3 1 17 4 0 7 13 4 7 9 4 9 23 2 2 3 27 9 1 3 34 3 2 5 36 5 4 3 39 7 0 2 31 6 2 1 28 2 9 2 15 4 16 7 1 9 19 5 3 1 Average precipitation mm inches 73 0 2 87 74 0 2 91 74 0 2 91 61 0 2 40 72 0 2 83 84 0 3 31 65 0 2 56 78 0 3 07 80 0 3 15 73 0 2 87 88 0 3 46 82 0 3 23 904 35 57 Average precipitation days 1 0 mm 10 0 9 0 10 0 9 0 11 0 10 0 8 0 9 0 8 0 8 0 9 0 10 0 111Average relative humidity 82 0 77 0 72 0 69 0 70 0 67 0 64 0 67 0 73 0 79 0 79 0 81 0 73 3Mean monthly sunshine hours 49 8 76 2 130 8 161 2 180 5 212 3 255 2 225 5 184 9 114 9 60 9 42 0 1 694 2Source NOAA 38 Politics EditCoat of arms Edit Coat of arms of Geneva as part of the pavement in front of the Reformation Wall 2013 Administrative divisions Edit The city is divided into eight quartiers or districts sometimes composed of several neighbourhoods On the left bank are 1 Jonction 2 Centre Plainpalais and Acacias 3 Eaux Vives and 4 Champel The right bank includes 1 Saint Jean and Charmilles 2 Servette and Petit Saconnex 3 Grottes and Saint Gervais and 4 Paquis and Nations 39 Government Edit See also List of mayors of Geneva The Administrative Council Conseil administratif constitutes the executive government of the city of Geneva and operates as a collegiate authority It is composed of five councilors French Conseiller administratif Conseillere administrative each presiding over a department The president of the executive department acts as mayor la maire le maire In the governmental year 2021 2022 the Administrative Council is presided over by Madame la maire de Geneve Frederique Perler Departmental tasks coordination measures and implementation of laws decreed by the Municipal Council are carried out by the Administrative Council Elections for the Administrative Council are held every five years The current term of la legislature is from 1 June 2020 to 31 May 2025 The delegates are elected by means of a system of Majorz The mayor and vice change each year while the heads of the other departments are assigned by the collegiate The executive body holds its meetings in the Palais Eynard near the Parc des Bastions 40 As of 2020 update Geneva s Administrative Council is made up of two representatives each of the Social Democratic Party PS and the Green Party PES and one member of the Christian Democratic Party PDC This gives the left wing parties four out of the five seats and for the first time in history a female majority The last election was held on 15 March 5 April 2020 41 Except for the mayor all other councillors have been elected for the first time 42 Le Conseil administratif of Geneva 42 Councillor M Conseiller administratif Mme Conseillere administrative Party Head of Office Departement since of elected inFrederique Perler SR 1 PES Planning Construction and Mobility de l amenagement des constructions et de la mobilite 2020 2020Marie Barbey Chappuis SR 2 PDC Security and Sport de la securite et des sports 2020 2020Sami Kanaan PS Culture and Digital Change de la culture et de la transition numerique 2020 2011Alfonso Gomez PES Finance Environment and Housing des finances de l environnement et du logement 2020 2020Christina Kitsos PS Social Cohesion and Solidarity de la cohesion sociale et de la solidarite 2020 2020 Mayor la maire de Geneve 2021 22 Vice President Vice presidente 2021 22 Parliament Edit Le Conseil municipal of Geneva for the mandate period of 2020 2025 Ensemble a gauche PST POP amp Sol 8 8 PS 23 8 Les Verts PES 22 5 PDC 10 PLR 17 5 UDC 8 8 MCG 8 8 The Municipal Council Conseil municipal holds legislative power It is made up of 80 members with elections held every five years The Municipal Council makes regulations and by laws that are executed by the Administrative Council and the administration The delegates are selected by means of a system of proportional representation with a seven percent threshold The sessions of the Municipal Council are public Unlike members of the Administrative Council members of the Municipal Council are not politicians by profession and they are paid a fee based on their attendance Any resident of Geneva allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the Municipal Council The Council holds its meetings in the Town Hall Hotel de Ville in the old city 43 The last election of the Municipal Council was held on 15 March 2020 for the legislature of 2020 2025 Currently the Municipal Council consists of 19 members of the Social Democratic Party PS 18 Green Party PES 14 Les Liberaux Radicaux PLR 8 Christian Democratic People s Party PDC 7 Geneva Citizens Movement MCG 7 Ensemble a Gauche an alliance of the left parties PST POP Parti Suisse du Travail Parti Ouvrier et Populaire and solidariteS 6 Swiss People s Party UDC 44 Elections Edit National Council Edit In the 2019 federal election for the Swiss National Council the most popular party was the Green Party which received 26 14 6 of the vote The next seven most popular parties were the PS 17 9 5 9 PLR 15 1 2 4 the UDC 12 6 3 7 the PdA solidariteS 10 1 3 the PDC 5 4 5 3 the pvl 5 2 9 and MCR 4 9 2 7 45 In the federal election a total of 34 319 votes were cast and the voter turnout was 39 6 46 In the 2015 federal election for the Swiss National Council the most popular party was the PS which received 23 8 of the vote The next five most popular parties were the PLR 17 6 the UDC 16 3 the Green Party 11 4 the PDC 10 7 and the solidariteS 8 8 In the federal election a total of 36 490 votes were cast and the voter turnout was 44 1 47 Metropolitan cooperation Edit The city centre of Geneva is located only 1 9 km 1 2 mi from the border of France As a result the urban area and the metropolitan area largely extend across the border on French territory Due to the small size of the municipality of Geneva 16 km2 6 sq mi 6 and extension of the urban area over an international border official bodies of transnational cooperation were developed as early as the 1970s to manage the cross border Greater Geneva area at a metropolitan level In 1973 a Franco Swiss agreement created the Comite regional franco genevois Franco Genevan Regional Committee CRFG in French In 1997 an Urban planning charter of the CRFG defined for the first time a planning territory called agglomeration franco valdo genevoise Franco Vaud Genevan urban area 2001 saw the creation of a Comite strategique de developpement des transports publics regionaux Strategic Committee for the Development of Regional Public Transports DTPR in French a committee which adopted in 2003 a Charter for Public Transports first step in the development of a metropolitan cross border commuter rail network see Leman Express In 2004 a public transnational body called Projet d agglomeration franco valdo genevois Franco Vaud Genevan urban area project was created to serve as the main body of metropolitan cooperation for the planning territory defined in 1997 with more local French councils taking part in this new public body than in the CRFG created in 1973 Finally in 2012 the Projet d agglomeration franco valdo genevois was renamed Grand Geneve Greater Geneva and the following year it was transformed into a Local Grouping of Transnational Cooperation GLCT in French a public entity under Swiss law which now serves as the executive body of the Grand Geneve The Grand Geneve GLCT is made up of the Canton of Geneva the Nyon District in the canton of Vaud and the Pole metropolitain du Genevois francais literally Metropolitan hub of the French Genevan territory this last one a federation of eight French intercommunal councils in Ain and Haute Savoie The Grand Geneve GLCT extends over 1 996 km2 771 sq mi 11 and had a population of 1 025 316 in Jan 2019 Swiss estimates and French census 58 5 of them living on Swiss territory and 41 5 on French territory 12 International relations Edit Geneva does not have any sister relationships with other cities It declares itself related to the entire world 48 49 Demographics EditPopulation Edit The Flowered Clock at the Quai du General Guisan English Garden during the 2012 Geneva Festival Rue Pierre Fatio in Geneva The city of Geneva ville de Geneve had a population 203 951 in 2020 Jan estimate 5 within its small municipal territory of 16 km2 6 sq mi 6 The city of Geneva is at the centre of the Geneva metropolitan area a Functional Urban Area as per Eurostat methodology which extends over Swiss territory entire Canton of Geneva and part of the canton of Vaud and French territory parts of the departments of Ain and Haute Savoie 7 The Geneva Functional Urban Area covers a land area of 2 292 km2 885 sq mi 24 2 in Switzerland 75 8 in France 8 and had 1 044 766 inhabitants in Jan 2020 Swiss estimates and French census 58 0 of them on Swiss territory and 42 0 on French territory 9 The Geneva metropolitan area is one of the fastest growing in Europe Its population rose from 888 651 in Jan 2009 50 to 1 044 766 in Jan 2020 which means the metropolitan area registered a population growth rate of 1 48 per year during those 11 years Growth is higher in the French part of the metropolitan area 1 93 per year between 2009 and 2020 than in the Swiss part 1 17 per year between 2009 and 2020 as Geneva attracts many French commuters due to high Swiss salaries and a favorable Franco Swiss tax regime for French residents working in Switzerland The official language of Geneva both the city and the canton is French English is also common due to the high number of anglophone immigrants and foreigners working in international institutions and in the bank sector As of 2000 update 128 622 or 72 3 of the population speaks French as a first language with English being the second most common 7 853 or 4 4 language 7 462 inhabitants speak Spanish or 4 2 7 320 speak Italian 4 1 7 050 speak German 4 0 and 113 people who speak Romansh 51 As a result of immigration flows in the 1960s and 1980s Portuguese is also spoken by a considerable proportion vague of the population In the city of Geneva as of 2013 update 48 of the population are resident foreign nationals 52 For a list of the largest groups of foreign residents see the cantonal overview Over the last 10 years 1999 2009 the population has changed at a rate of 7 2 a rate of 3 4 due to migration and at a rate of 3 4 due to births and deaths 53 As of 2008 update the gender distribution of the population was 47 8 male and 52 2 female The population was made up of 46 284 Swiss men 24 2 of the population and 45 127 23 6 non Swiss men There were 56 091 Swiss women 29 3 and 43 735 22 9 non Swiss women 54 As of 2000 update approximately 24 3 of the population of the municipality were born in Geneva and lived there in 2000 43 296 A further 11 757 or 6 6 who were born in the same canton while 27 359 or 15 4 were born elsewhere in Switzerland and 77 893 or 43 8 were born outside of Switzerland 51 In 2008 update there were 1 147 live births to Swiss citizens and 893 births to non Swiss citizens and in the same time span there were 1 114 deaths of Swiss citizens and 274 non Swiss citizen deaths Ignoring immigration and emigration the population of Swiss citizens increased by 33 while the foreign population increased by 619 There were 465 Swiss men and 498 Swiss women who emigrated from Switzerland At the same time there were 2933 non Swiss men and 2662 non Swiss women who immigrated from another country to Switzerland The total Swiss population change in 2008 from all sources including moves across municipal borders was an increase of 135 and the non Swiss population increased by 3181 people This represents a population growth rate of 1 8 55 As of 2000 update children and teenagers 0 19 years old make up 18 2 of the population while adults 20 64 years old make up 65 8 and seniors over 64 years old make up 16 53 As of 2000 update there were 78 666 people who were single and never married in the municipality There were 74 205 married individuals 10 006 widows or widowers and 15 087 individuals who are divorced 51 As of 2000 update there were 86 231 private households in the municipality and an average of 1 9 persons per household 53 There were 44 373 households that consist of only one person and 2 549 households with five or more people Out of a total of 89 269 households that answered this question 49 7 were households made up of just one person and there were 471 adults who lived with their parents Of the rest of the households there are 17 429 married couples without children 16 607 married couples with children There were 5 499 single parents with a child or children There were 1 852 households that were made up of unrelated people and 3 038 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing 51 Apartment buildings in the Quartier des Grottes Geneva with Lake Geneva in the background In 2000 update there were 743 single family homes or 10 6 of the total out of a total of 6 990 inhabited buildings There were 2 758 multi family buildings 39 5 along with 2 886 multi purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing 41 3 and 603 other use buildings commercial or industrial that also had some housing 8 6 Of the single family homes 197 were built before 1919 while 20 were built between 1990 and 2000 The greatest number of single family homes 277 were built between 1919 and 1945 56 In 2000 update there were 101 794 apartments in the municipality The most common apartment size was 3 rooms of which there were 27 084 There were 21 889 single room apartments and 11 166 apartments with five or more rooms Of these apartments a total of 85 330 apartments 83 8 of the total were permanently occupied while 13 644 apartments 13 4 were seasonally occupied and 2 820 apartments 2 8 were empty 56 As of 2009 update the construction rate of new housing units was 1 3 new units per 1000 residents 53 As of 2003 update the average price to rent an average apartment in Geneva was 1163 30 Swiss francs CHF per month US 930 520 740 approx exchange rate from 2003 The average rate for a one room apartment was 641 60 CHF US 510 290 410 a two room apartment was about 874 46 CHF US 700 390 560 a three room apartment was about 1126 37 CHF US 900 510 720 and a six or more room apartment cost an average of 2691 07 CHF US 2150 1210 1720 The average apartment price in Geneva was 104 2 of the national average of 1116 CHF 57 The vacancy rate for the municipality in 2010 update was 0 25 53 In June 2011 the average price of an apartment in and around Geneva was 13 681 CHF per square metre 11 sq ft The average can be as high as 17 589 Swiss francs CHF per square metre 11 sq ft for a luxury apartment and as low as 9 847 Swiss francs CHF for an older or basic apartment For houses in and around Geneva the average price was 11 595 Swiss francs CHF per square metre 11 sq ft June 2011 with a lowest price per square metre 11 sq ft of 4 874 Swiss francs CHF and a maximum price of 21 966 Swiss francs CHF 58 Historical population Edit William Monter calculates that the city s total population was 12 000 13 000 in 1550 doubling to over 25 000 by 1560 59 The historical population is given in the following chart 60 Historic population data 60 Year Total population German speaking French speaking Catholic Protestant Other Jewish Islamic No religion given Swiss Non Swiss1850 37 724 11 123 26 446 29 203 8 5211870 60 004 27 092 35 064 39 012 24 5071888 75 709 10 806 61 429 32 168 41 605 1 330 654 47 482 28 2271900 97 359 11 703 77 611 44 958 49 875 1 918 1 055 58 376 38 9831910 115 243 14 566 86 697 53 248 55 474 4 267 2 170 67 430 47 8131930 124 121 18 717 93 058 49 531 66 016 4 584 2 224 92 693 31 4281950 145 473 20 603 111 314 58 556 74 837 6 164 2 642 118 863 26 6101970 173 618 19 657 111 553 90 555 65 393 22 591 3 128 959 6 164 115 107 58 5111990 171 042 9 610 112 419 79 575 34 492 39 227 2 444 4 753 29 747 98 812 72 2302000 177 964 7 050 128 622 66 491 26 020 34 972 2 601 8 698 41 289 99 935 78 029Religion Edit The 2000 census update recorded 66 491 residents 37 4 of the population as Catholic while 41 289 people 23 20 belonged to no church or were agnostic or atheist 24 105 13 5 belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church and 8 698 4 89 were Muslim There were also 3 959 members of an Orthodox church 2 22 220 individuals or about 0 12 of the population who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland 2 422 1 36 who belonged to another Christian church and 2 601 people 1 46 who were Jewish There were 707 individuals who were Buddhist 474 who were Hindu and 423 who belonged to another church 26 575 respondents 14 93 did not answer the question 51 According to 2012 statistics by Swiss Bundesamt fur Statistik 49 2 of the population were Christian 34 2 Catholic 8 8 Swiss Reformed organized in the Protestant Church of Geneva and 6 2 other Christians mostly other Protestants 38 of Genevans were non religious 6 1 were Muslim and 1 6 were Jews 61 Geneva has historically been considered a Protestant city and was known as the Protestant Rome due to it being the base of John Calvin William Farel Theodore Beza and other Protestant reformers Over the past century substantial immigration from France and other predominantly Catholic countries as well as general secularization has changed its religious landscape As a result three times as many Roman Catholics as Protestants lived in the city in 2000 while a large number of residents were members of neither group Geneva forms part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Lausanne Geneva and Fribourg The World Council of Churches and the Lutheran World Federation both have their headquarters at the Ecumenical Centre in Grand Saconnex Geneva The World Communion of Reformed Churches a worldwide organization of Presbyterian Continental Reformed Congregational and other Calvinist churches gathering more than 80 million people around the world was based here from 1948 until 2013 The executive committee of the World Communion of Reformed Churches voted in 2012 to move its offices to Hanover Germany citing the high costs of running the ecumenical organization in Geneva Switzerland The move was completed in 2013 Likewise the Conference of European Churches have moved their headquarters from Geneva to Brussels Protestant Rome Edit Reformation Wall in Geneva from left to right William Farel John Calvin Theodore Beza and John Knox Prior to the Protestant Reformation the city was de jure and de facto Catholic Reaction to the new movement varied across Switzerland John Calvin went to Geneva in 1536 after William Farel encouraged him to do so In Geneva the Catholic bishop had been obliged to seek exile in 1532 Geneva became a stronghold of Calvinism Some of the tenets created there influenced Protestantism as a whole St Pierre Cathedral was where Calvin and his Protestant reformers preached It constituted the epicentre of the newly developing Protestant thought that would later become known as the Reformed tradition Many prominent Reformed theologians operated there including William Farel and Theodore Beza Calvin s successor who progressed Reformed thought after his death Geneva was a shelter for Calvinists but at the same time it persecuted Roman Catholics and others considered heretics The case of Michael Servetus an early Nontrinitarian is notable Condemned by both Catholics and Protestants alike he was arrested in Geneva and burnt at the stake as a heretic by order of the city s Protestant governing council John Calvin and his followers denounced him and possibly contributed to his sentence In 1802 during its annexation to France under Napoleon I the Diocese of Geneva was united with the Diocese of Chambery but the 1814 Congress of Vienna and the 1816 Treaty of Turin stipulated that in the territories transferred to a now considerably extended Geneva the Catholic religion was to be protected and that no changes were to be made in existing conditions without an agreement with the Holy See 28 Napoleon s common policy was to emancipate Catholics in Protestant majority areas and the other way around as well as emancipating Jews In 1819 the city of Geneva and 20 parishes were united to the Diocese of Lausanne by Pope Pius VII and in 1822 the non Swiss territory was made into the Diocese of Annecy A variety of concord with the civil authorities came as a result of the separation of church and state enacted with strong Catholic support in 1907 28 Crime Edit See also Crime in Switzerland In 2014 the incidence of crimes listed in the Swiss Criminal Code in Geneva was 143 9 per thousand residents During the same period the rate of drug crimes was 33 6 per thousand residents The rate of violations of immigration visa and work permit laws was 35 7 per thousand residents 62 Cityscape Edit View of Geneva to the south Mont Saleve in France looms large behind the city with the white summit of Mont Blanc just visible behind it 70 km 43 mi away to the southeast To the left of Mont Blanc is the point of Le Mole with the Jet d Eau in the foreground View of Geneva from the Saleve Heritage sites of national significance EditThere are 82 buildings or sites in Geneva that are listed as Swiss heritage sites of national significance and the entire old city of Geneva is part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites 63 Religious buildings Cathedral St Pierre et Chapel des Macchabes Notre Dame Church Russian church St Germain Church Temple de la Fusterie Temple de l AuditoireCivic buildings Former Arsenal and Archives of the City of Geneve Former Credit Lyonnais Former Hotel Buisson Former Hotel du Resident de France et Bibliotheque de la Societe de lecture de Geneve Former ecole des arts industriels Archives d Etat de Geneve Annexe Batiment des forces motrices Bibliotheque de Geneve Library juive de Geneve Gerard Nordmann Cabinet des estampes Centre d Iconographie genevoise College Calvin Ecole Geisendorf University Hospital of Geneva HUG Hotel de Ville et tour Baudet Immeuble Clarte at Rue Saint Laurent 2 and 4 Immeubles House Rotonde at Rue Charles Giron 11 19 Immeubles at Rue Beauregard 2 4 6 8 Immeubles at Rue de la Corraterie 10 26 Immeubles at Rue des Granges 2 6 Immeuble at Rue des Granges 8 Immeubles at Rue des Granges 10 and 12 Immeuble at Rue des Granges 14 Immeuble and Former Armory at Rue des Granges 16 Immeubles at Rue Pierre Fatio 7 and 9 House de Saussure at Rue de la Cite 24 House Des arts du Grutli at Rue du General Dufour 16 House Royale et les deux immeubles a cote at Quai Gustave Ador 44 50 Tavel House at Rue du Puits St Pierre 6 Turrettini House at Rue de l Hotel de Ville 8 and 10 Brunswick Monument Palais de Justice Palais de l Athenee Palais des Nations with library and archives of the SDN and ONU Palais Eynard et Archives de la ville de Geneve Palais Wilson Parc des Bastions avec Mur des Reformateurs Place de Neuve et Monument du General Dufour Pont de la Machine Pont sur l Arve Poste du Mont Blanc Quai du Mont Blanc Quai et Hotel des Bergues Quai General Guisan and English Gardens Quai Gustave Ador and Jet d eau Television Suisse Romande University of Geneva Victoria Hall Archeological sites Foundation Baur and Museum of the arts d Extreme Orient Parc et campagne de la Grange and Library neolithic shore settlement Roman villa Bronze Age shore settlement of Plonjon Temple de la Madeleine archeological site Temple Saint Gervais archeological site Old City with Celtic Roman and medieval villages Museums theaters and other cultural sites Conservatoire de musique at Place Neuve 5 Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques Fonds cantonal d art contemporain Ile Rousseau and statue Institut et Musee Voltaire with Library and Archives Mallet House and Museum international de la Reforme Musee Ariana Museum of Art and History Museum d art moderne et contemporain Museum d ethnographie Museum of the International Red Cross Musee Rath Natural History Museum Plainpalais Commune Auditorium Pitoeff Theatre Villa Bartholoni at the Museum of History and Science International organizations International Labour Organization ILO International Committee of the Red Cross United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNHCR World Meteorological Organization World Trade Organization International Telecommunication Union World YMCA St Pierre Cathedral College Calvin International Committee of the Red Cross CICR Conservatory and Botanical Garden of the City of Geneva Notre Dame Church Russian Orthodox Church United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNHCR Hotel de Ville and the Tour Baudet Institut et Musee Voltaire Mallet House and Museum international de la Reforme Tavel House Brunswick Monument Musee d Art et d Histoire The Villa La GrangeSociety and culture EditMedia Edit The city s main newspaper is the daily Tribune de Geneve with a readership of about 187 000 Le Courrier mainly focuses on Geneva Both Le Temps headquartered in Geneva and Le Matin are widely read in Geneva but cover the whole of Romandy Geneva is the main media center for French speaking Switzerland It is the headquarters for the numerous French language radio and television networks of the Swiss Broadcasting Corporation known collectively as Radio Television Suisse While both networks cover the whole of Romandy special programs related to Geneva are sometimes broadcast on some of the local radio frequencies Other local radio stations broadcast from the city including YesFM FM 91 8 MHz Radio Cite non commercial radio FM 92 2 MHz OneFM FM 107 0 MHz also broadcast in Vaud and World Radio Switzerland FM 88 4 MHz Leman Bleu is a local TV channel founded in 1996 and distributed by cable Due to the proximity to France many French television channels are also available Traditions and customs Edit Geneva observes Jeune genevois on the first Thursday following the first Sunday in September By local tradition this commemorates the date news of the St Bartholomew s Day massacre of Huguenots reached Geneva Geneva celebrates L Escalade on the weekend nearest 12 December celebrating the defeat of the surprise attack of troops sent by Charles Emmanuel I Duke of Savoy during the night of 11 12 December 1602 Festive traditions include chocolate cauldrons filled with vegetable shaped marzipan treats and the Escalade procession on horseback in seventeenth century armour Geneva has also been organizing a Course de l Escalade which means Climbing Race This race takes place in Geneva s Old Town and has been popular across all ages Non competitive racers dress up in fancy costumes while walking in the race Since 1818 a particular chestnut tree has been used as the official herald of the spring in Geneva The sautier secretary of the Parliament of the Canton of Geneva observes the tree and notes the day of arrival of the first bud While this event has no practical effect the sautier issues a formal press release and the local newspaper will usually mention the news 64 As this is one of the world s oldest records of a plant s reaction to climatic conditions researchers have been interested to note that the first bud has been appearing earlier and earlier in the year During the 19th century many dates were in March or April In recent years they have usually been in late February sometimes earlier 65 In 2002 the first bud appeared unusually early on 7 February and then again on 29 December of the same year The following year one of the hottest years recorded in Europe was a year with no bud In 2008 the first bud also appeared early on 19 February Music and festivals Edit Fireworks at the Fetes de Geneve 2012 The opera house the Grand Theatre de Geneve which officially opened in 1876 was partly destroyed by a fire in 1951 and reopened in 1962 It has the largest stage in Switzerland It features opera and dance performances recitals concerts and occasionally theatre The Victoria Hall is used for classical music concerts It is the home of the Orchestre de la Suisse Romande Every summer the Fetes de Geneve Geneva Festival are organised in Geneva According to Radio Television Suisse in 2013 hundreds of thousands of people came to Geneva to see the annual hour long grand firework display of the Fetes de Geneve 66 An annual music festival takes place in June Groups of artists perform in different parts of the city In 2016 the festival celebrated its 25th anniversary 67 Further annual festivals are the Fete de l Olivier a festival of Arabic music organized by the ICAM since 1980 68 and the Genevan Brass Festival founded by Christophe Sturzenegger in 2010 69 Education Edit Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies The Canton of Geneva s public school system has ecoles primaires ages 4 12 and cycles d orientation ages 12 15 Students can leave school at 15 but secondary education is provided by colleges ages 15 19 the oldest of which is the College Calvin which could be considered one of the oldest public schools in the world 66 70 ecoles de culture generale 15 18 19 and the ecoles professionnelles 15 18 19 The ecoles professionnelles offer full time courses and part time study as part of an apprenticeship Geneva also has a number of private schools 71 In 2011 89 244 37 0 of the population had completed non mandatory upper secondary education and 107 060 or 44 3 had completed additional higher education either university or a Fachhochschule Of the 107 060 who completed tertiary schooling 32 5 were Swiss men 31 6 were Swiss women 18 1 were non Swiss men and 17 8 were non Swiss women During the 2011 2012 school year there were a total of 92 311 students in the Geneva school system primary to university The education system in the Canton of Geneva has eight years of primary school with 32 716 students The secondary school program consists of three lower obligatory years of schooling followed by three to five years of optional advanced study There were 13 146 lower secondary students who attended schools in Geneva There were 10 486 upper secondary students from the municipality along with 10 330 students who were in a professional non university track program An additional 11 797 students were attending private schools 72 The University of Geneva Geneva is home to the University of Geneva where approximately 16 500 students are regularly enrolled 73 In 1559 John Calvin founded the Geneva Academy a theological and humanist seminary In the 19th century the academy lost its ecclesiastic links and in 1873 with the addition of a medical faculty it became the University of Geneva In 2011 it was ranked 35th European university 74 The Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies was among the first academic institutions in the world to teach international relations It is one of Europe s most prestigious institutions offering MA and PhD programmes in anthropology and sociology law political science history economics international affairs and development studies The oldest international school in the world is the International School of Geneva founded in 1924 along with the League of Nations The Geneva School of Diplomacy and International Relations is a private for profit university in the grounds of the Chateau de Penthes CERN the European Organization for Nuclear Research is probably the best known of Geneva s educational and research facilities most recently for the Large Hadron Collider Founded in 1954 CERN was one of Europe s first joint ventures and has developed as the world s largest particle physics laboratory Physicists from around the world travel to CERN to research matter and explore the fundamental forces and materials that form the universe Geneva is home to five major libraries the Bibliotheques municipales Geneve the Haute ecole de travail social the Institut d etudes sociales the Haute ecole de sante the Ecole d ingenieurs de Geneve and the Haute ecole d art et de design There were as of 2008 update 877 680 books or other media in the libraries and in the same year 1 798 980 items were loaned 75 Further information Foundation For Technical EducationEconomy EditGeneva s economy is largely service driven and closely linked to the rest of the canton The city is one of the global leaders in financial centres 76 Three main sectors dominate the financial sector commodity trading trade finance and wealth management Around a third of the world s free traded oil sugar grains and oil seeds is traded in Geneva Approximately 22 of the world s cotton is traded in the Lake Geneva region Other major commodities traded in the canton include steel electricity or coffee 77 Large trading companies have their regional or global headquarters in the canton such as Bunge Cargill Vitol Gunvor BNP Paribas Trafigura or Mercuria Energy Group in addition to being home to the world s largest shipping company Mediterranean Shipping Company Commodity trading is sustained by a strong trade finance sector with large banks such as BCGE BCP BNP Paribas BCV Credit Agricole Credit Suisse ING Societe Generale and UBS all having their headquarters in the area for this business Wealth management is dominated by non publicly listed banks and private banks particularly Pictet Lombard Odier Edmond de Rothschild Group Union Bancaire Privee Mirabaud Group Dukascopy Bank Bordier amp Cie Banque SYZ or REYL amp Cie In addition the canton is home to the largest concentration of foreign owned banks in Switzerland such as HSBC Private Bank JPMorgan Chase or Arab Bank Behind the financial sector the next largest major economic sector is watchmaking dominated by luxury firms Rolex Richemont Patek Philippe Piaget Roger Dubuis and others whose factories are concentrated in the Les Acacias neighbourhood as well as the neighbouring municipalities of Plan les Ouates Satigny and Meyrin Trade finance wealth management and watchmaking approximately contribute two thirds of the corporate tax paid in the canton 78 Other large multinationals are also headquartered in the city and canton such as Firmenich in Satigny and Givaudan in Vernier the world s two largest manufacturers of flavours fragrances and active cosmetic ingredients SGS the world s largest inspection verification testing and certification services company Temenos a large banking software provider or the local headquarters for Procter amp Gamble Japan Tobacco International or L Oreal in Vernier Although they do not directly contribute to the local economy the city of Geneva is also host to the world s largest concentration of international organisations and UN agencies such as the Red Cross the World Health Organization the World Trade Organization the International Telecommunication Union the World Intellectual Property Organization the World Meteorological Organization and the International Labour Organization as well as the European headquarters of the United Nations Its international mindedness well connected airport and centrality in the continent also make Geneva a good destination for congresses and trade fairs of which the largest is the Geneva Motor Show held in Palexpo Agriculture is commonplace in the hinterlands of Geneva particularly wheat and wine Despite its relatively small size the canton produces around 10 of the Swiss wine and has the highest vineyard density in the country 79 The largest strains grown in Geneva are gamay chasselas pinot noir gamaret and chardonnay As of 2019 update Geneva had an unemployment rate of 3 9 80 As of 2008 update there were five clarification needed people employed in the primary economic sector and about three clarification needed businesses involved in this sector 9 783 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 1 200 businesses in this sector 134 429 people were employed in the tertiary sector with 12 489 businesses in this sector 53 There were 91 880 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity with women making up 47 7 of the workforce In 2008 update the total number of full time equivalent jobs was 124 185 The number of jobs in the primary sector was four all of which were in agriculture The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 9 363 of which 4 863 or 51 9 were in manufacturing and 4 451 47 5 were in construction The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 114 818 In the tertiary sector 16 573 or 14 4 were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles 3 474 or 3 0 were in the movement and storage of goods 9 484 or 8 3 were in a hotel or restaurant 4 544 or 4 0 were in the information industry 20 982 or 18 3 were the insurance or financial industry 12 177 or 10 6 were technical professionals or scientists 10 007 or 8 7 were in education and 15 029 or 13 1 were in health care 81 In 2000 update there were 95 190 workers who commuted into the municipality and 25 920 workers who commuted away The municipality is a net importer of workers with about 3 7 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving About 13 8 of the workforce coming into Geneva are coming from outside Switzerland while 0 4 of the locals commute out of Switzerland for work 82 Of the working population 38 2 used public transportation to get to work and 30 6 used a private car 53 Sport EditIce hockey is one of the most popular sports in Geneva 83 Geneva is home to Geneve Servette HC which plays in the National League NL They play their home games in the 7 135 seat Patinoire des Vernets In 2008 2010 and 2021 the team made it to the league finals but lost to the ZSC Lions SC Bern and EV Zug respectively 84 The team was by far the most popular one in both the city and the canton of Geneva drawing three times more spectators than the football team in 2017 85 86 Since the return of Servette FC in the Swiss Super League however both teams have similar attendance numbers 87 The town is home to Servette FC a football club founded in 1890 and named after a borough on the right bank of the Rhone It is the most successful football club in Romandy and the third in Switzerland overall with 17 league titles and 7 Swiss Cups 88 The home of Servette FC is the 30 000 seat Stade de Geneve Servette FC plays in the Credit Suisse Super League Etoile Carouge FC and Urania Geneve Sport also play in the city Geneva is home to the basketball team Lions de Geneve 2013 and 2015 champions of the Swiss Basketball League The team plays its home games in the Pavilion des Sports Geneva Jets Australian Football Club have been playing Australian Football in the AFL Switzerland league since 2019 Infrastructure EditTransportation Edit This section needs to be updated Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information July 2020 Main article Transports Publics Genevois Geneva railway station TCMC Tramway Cornavin Meyrin CERN The city is served by the Geneva Airport It is connected by Geneva Airport railway station French Gare de Geneve Aeroport to both the Swiss Federal Railways network and the French SNCF network including links to Paris Lyon Marseille and Montpellier by TGV Geneva is connected to the motorway systems of both Switzerland A1 motorway and France Public transport by bus trolleybus or tram is provided by Transports Publics Genevois In addition to an extensive coverage of the city centre the network extends to most of the municipalities of the Canton with a few lines reaching into France Public transport by boat is provided by the Mouettes Genevoises which link the two banks of the lake within the city and by the Compagnie Generale de Navigation sur le lac Leman which serves more distant destinations such as Nyon Yvoire Thonon Evian Lausanne and Montreux using both modern diesel vessels and vintage paddle steamers Geneva Secheron railway station Trains operated by Swiss Federal Railways connect the airport to the main station of Cornavin in six minutes Regional train services are being developed towards Coppet and Bellegarde At the city limits two new railway stations have been opened since 2002 Geneve Secheron close to the UN and the Botanical Gardens and Lancy Pont Rouge In 2011 work started on the CEVA rail Cornavin Eaux Vives Annemasse project first planned in 1884 which will connect Cornavin with the Cantonal hospital Eaux Vives railway station and Annemasse in France The link between the main railway station and the classification yard of La Praille already exists from there the line runs mostly underground to the Hospital and Eaux Vives where it links to the existing line to France The line fully opened in December 2019 as part of the Leman Express regional rail network TOSA Bus at PALEXPO Flash bus stops In May 2013 the demonstrator electric bus system 89 with a capacity of 133 passengers commenced between Geneva Airport and Palexpo The project aims to introduce a new system of mass transport with electric flash recharging of the buses at selected stops while passengers are disembarking and embarking 90 Taxis in Geneva can be difficult to find and may need to be booked in advance especially in the early morning or at peak hours Taxis can refuse to take babies and children because of seating legislation 91 An ambitious project to close 200 streets in the centre of Geneva to cars was approved by the Geneva cantonal authorities in 2010 and was planned to be implemented over a span of four years 2010 2014 though as of 2018 update work on the project has yet to be started 92 Utilities Edit The SIG owned incinerator of Cheneviers Verbois dam and the solar farm Water natural gas and electricity are provided to the municipalities of the Canton of Geneva by the state owned Services Industriels de Geneve known as SIG Most of the drinking water 80 is extracted from the lake the remaining 20 is provided by groundwater originally formed by infiltration from the Arve 30 of the Canton s electricity needs is locally produced mainly by three hydroelectric dams on the Rhone Seujet Verbois and Chancy Pougny In addition 13 of the electricity produced in the Canton is from the burning of waste at the waste incineration facility of Les Cheneviers The remaining needs 57 are covered by imports from other cantons in Switzerland or other European countries SIG buys only electricity produced by renewable methods and in particular does not use electricity produced using nuclear reactors or fossil fuels Natural gas is available in the City of Geneva as well as in about two thirds of the municipalities of the canton and is imported from Western Europe by the Swiss company Gaznat SIG also provides telecommunication facilities to carriers service providers and large enterprises From 2003 to 2005 Voisin voisine a fibre to the Home pilot project with a triple play offering was launched to test the end user market in the Charmilles district International organisations EditSee also List of international organizations based in Geneva The World Intellectual Property Organization The assembly hall of the Palais des nations Geneva is the European headquarters of the United Nations in the Palace of Nations building up the hill from the headquarters of the former League of Nations Several agencies are headquartered in Geneva including the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights the World Health Organization the International Labour Organization International Telecommunication Union the International Baccalaureate Organization and the World Intellectual Property Organization Apart from the UN agencies Geneva hosts many inter governmental organizations such as the World Trade Organization the South Centre the World Meteorological Organization the World Economic Forum the International Organization for Migration the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and the International Committee of the Red Cross The Maison de la Paix building hosts the three Geneva centres supported by the Swiss Confederation the International Centre for Humanitarian Demining the Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces and the Geneva Centre for Security Policy as well as other organisations active in the field of peace international affairs and sustainable development 93 Organizations on the European level include the European Broadcasting Union EBU and CERN the European Organization for Nuclear Research which is the world s largest particle physics laboratory The Geneva Environment Network GEN publishes the Geneva Green Guide 94 an extensive listing of Geneva based global organisations working on environmental protection and sustainable development A website 95 jointly run by the Swiss Government the World Business Council for Sustainable Development the United Nations Environment Programme and the International Union for Conservation of Nature includes accounts of how NGOs business government and the UN cooperate By doing so it attempts to explain why Geneva has been picked by so many NGOs and UN bodies as their headquarters location The World Organization of the Scout Movement and the World Scout Bureau Central Office are headquartered in Geneva Notable people EditA C Edit Gustave Ador Christiane Brunner John Calvin c 1550 Isaac Casaubon Alfredo Aceto born 1991 a visual artist Gustave Ador 1845 1928 statesman President of the Red Cross ICRC 96 David Aebischer born 1978 ice hockey goaltender 2001 Stanley Cup champion Jacques Laurent Agasse 1767 1849 animal and landscape painter 97 Jeff Agoos born 1968 retired American soccer defender 134 caps for the US team Henri Frederic Amiel 1821 1881 moral philosopher poet and critic 98 Gustave Amoudruz 1885 1963 sports shooter bronze medallist at the 1920 Summer Olympics Adolphe Appia 1862 1928 architect and theorist of stage lighting and decor Philip Arditti born c 1980 British Jewish Sephardic theatre and television actor 99 Aime Argand 1750 1803 physicist and chemist invented the Argand lamp 100 Jean Robert Argand 1768 1822 amateur mathematician published the Argand diagram 101 Martha Argerich born 1941 an Argentine classical concert pianist John Armleder born 1948 performance artist painter sculptor critic and curator Germaine Aussey 1909 1979 nee Agassiz an actress of Swiss origin who settled in Geneva in 1960 102 Alexandre Bardinon born 2002 racing driver Pierre Bardinon 1931 2012 businessman and car collector Mathias Beche born 1986 racing driver Jean Luc Bideau born 1940 film actor 103 Ernest Bloch 1880 1959 US composer of Swiss origin Roger Bocquet 1921 1994 footballer who won 48 caps for Switzerland Raoul Marie Joseph Count de Boigne 1862 1949 a French sports shooter bronze medallist at the 1908 Summer Olympics Caroline Boissier Butini 1786 1836 pianist and composer Francois Bonivard 1493 1570 Geneva ecclesiastic historian and libertine 104 Charles Bonnet 1720 1793 naturalist and philosophical writer 105 Jorge Luis Borges 1899 1986 Argentine short story writer studied at the College de Geneve Marc Theodore Bourrit 1739 1819 traveller and writer 106 Nicolas Bouvier 1929 1998 writer and photographer Clotilde Bressler Gianoli 1875 1912 an Italian opera singer Christiane Brunner born 1947 politician lawyer and trade union champion Mickael Buffaz born 1979 French cyclist Jean Jacques Burlamaqui 1694 1748 Genevan legal and political theorist 107 Cecile Butticaz 1884 1966 engineer Kate Burton born 1957 actress the daughter of actor Richard Burton 108 John Calvin 1509 1564 influential theologian reformer 109 Augustin Pyramus de Candolle 1778 1841 botanist worked on plant classification 110 Clint Capela born 1994 professional basketball player Jean de Carro 1770 1857 Vienna based physician promoted vaccination against smallpox 111 Isaac Casaubon 1559 1614 a classical scholar and philologist 112 Meric Casaubon 1599 1671 son of Isaac Casaubon a French English classical scholar 113 Mike Castro de Maria born 1972 electronic music composer Jean Jacques Challet Venel 1811 1893 politician on the Swiss Federal Council 1864 1872 Alfred Edward Chalon RA 1780 1860 portrait painter 114 John James Chalon RA 1778 1854 painter of landscapes marine scenes and animal life 115 Marguerite Champendal 1870 1928 first Genevan to have obtained her doctorate in medicine at the University of Geneva 1900 Henri Christine 1867 1941 French composer of sparkling witty jazzy musical plays 116 Victor Cherbuliez 1829 1899 novelist and author 117 Etienne Claviere 1735 1793 banker and politician of the French revolution 118 Paulo Coelho born 1947 Brazilian lyricist and novelist author of The Alchemist residing in Geneva 119 Renee Colliard born 1933 former alpine skier gold medallist at the 1956 Winter Olympics Gabriel Cramer 1704 1752 Genevan mathematician 120 D G Edit Michel Decastel 2012 Jean Henri Dunant 1901 Kat Graham 2017 Maryam d Abo born 1960 English film and TV actress and Bond girl 121 Jacques Antoine Dassier 1715 1759 a Genevan medallist active in London 122 Michel Decastel born 1955 football manager and midfielder 314 club caps 19 for Switzerland Jean Denis Deletraz born 1963 racing driver Louis Deletraz born 1997 racing driver Jean Louis de Lolme 1740 1806 lawyer and constitutional writer 123 Jean Andre Deluc 1727 1817 geologist natural philosopher and meteorologist 124 Giovanni Diodati 1576 1649 Italian Calvinist theologian and Bible translator 125 Elie Ducommun 1833 1906 peace activist 1902 Nobel Peace Prize winner Armand Dufaux 1833 1941 aviation pioneer flew the length of Lake Geneva in 1910 Henri Dufaux 1879 1980 French Swiss aviation pioneer inventor painter and politician Pierre Etienne Louis Dumont 1759 1829 Genevan political writer 126 Henry Dunant 1828 1910 founded the Red Cross first recipient of Nobel Peace Prize in 1901 Emmanuel Etienne Duvillard 1775 1832 Swiss economist Isabelle Eberhardt 1877 1904 Russian Swiss explorer and travel writer Empress Elisabeth of Austria 1837 1898 Empress of Austria and Queen of Hungary 127 Emanuele Filiberto of Savoy Prince of Venice born 1972 a member of the House of Savoy Louis Favre 1826 1879 engineer responsible for the construction of the Gotthard Tunnel Philippe Favre 1961 2013 racing driver Henri Fazy 1842 1920 politician and historian 128 Edmond Fleg born Flegenheimer 1874 1963 a Swiss French writer thinker novelist essayist and playwright Ian Fleming 1908 1964 author James Bond studied psychology briefly in Geneva in 1931 Sylvie Fleury born 1961 a contemporary object artist of installation art and mixed media Sir Augustus Wollaston Franks KCB FRS FSA 1826 1897 English antiquary and museum administrator 129 Pierre Victor Galland 1822 1892 painter Albert Gallatin 1761 1849 an American politician of Genevan origin 130 diplomat ethnologist and linguist 131 Agenor de Gasparin 1810 1871 French statesman and author also researched table turning 132 Valerie de Gasparin 1813 1894 woman of letters regards freedom equality and creativity 133 Francois Gaussen 1790 1863 Protestant divine 134 Marcel Golay 1927 2015 astronomer 135 Claude Goretta 1929 2019 film director and television producer 136 137 Emilie Gourd 1879 1946 journalist and activist for Women s suffrage in Switzerland Isabelle Graessle born 1959 theologian feminist and former museum director moderator of ministers and deacons at the Protestant Church of Geneva Kat Graham born 1989 actress singer and model she plays Bonnie Bennett in The Vampire Diaries 138 Cedric Grand born 1976 bobsledder competed in four Winter Olympics bronze medallist at the 2006 Winter Olympics Romain Grosjean born 1986 racing driver currently racing for Andretti Autosport in the IndyCar SeriesH M Edit Francois Huber Paul Lachenal 1939 Lenin in Switzerland 1916 Amelie Mauresmo 2014 Admiral of the Fleet Lord John Hay GCB 1827 1916 Royal Navy officer and politician Abraham Hermanjat 1862 1932 painter who worked in the Fauvist and Divisionist styles Germain Henri Hess 1802 1850 a Swiss Russian chemist and doctor formulated Hess s law Hector Hodler 1887 1920 Esperantist Fulk Greville Howard 1773 1846 an English politician 139 Jean Huber 1721 1786 a painter silhouettiste soldier and author Francois Huber 1750 1831 naturalist studied the respiration of bees 140 Marie Huber 1695 1753 translator editor and author of theological works Pierre Jeanneret 1896 1967 architect collaborated with his cousin Le Corbusier Thomas Jouannet born 1970 actor 141 Charles Journet 1891 1975 cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church Louis Jurine 1751 1819 physician surgeon naturalist and entomologist Sonia Kacem born 1985 Swiss born visual artist Michael Krausz born 1942 American philosopher an artist and orchestral conductor Adrien Lachenal 1849 1918 politician Federal Council of Switzerland 1892 1899 Francois Lachenal 1918 1997 a publisher and diplomat Paul Lachenal 1884 1955 politician co founded Orchestre de la Suisse Romande Marie Laforet born 1939 a French singer and actress 142 Sarah Lahbati born 1993 actress and singer 143 Francois Le Fort 1656 1699 first Russian Admiral 144 Georges Louis Le Sage 1724 1803 physicist Le Sage s theory of gravitation Jean Leclerc 1657 1736 theologian and biblical scholar promoted exegesis 145 Henri Leconte born 1963 former French professional tennis player men s singles finalist French Open 1988 Philippe Le Royer 1816 1897 French and Swiss politician and lawyer served France as the Minister of Justice and President of the Senate 146 Vladimir Lenin 1870 1924 lived in Geneva 1902 1905 as an exile from the Russian Empire Jean Etienne Liotard 1702 1789 painter 147 art connoisseur and dealer 148 Corinne Maier born 1963 psychoanalyst economist and best selling writer 149 Ella Maillart 1903 1997 adventurer travel writer and photographer as well as a sportswoman Solomon Caesar Malan 1812 1894 oriental linguist and biblical scholar 150 Jacques Mallet du Pan 1749 1800 Genevan French royalist journalist 151 Alexander Marcet FRS 1770 1822 physician who became a British citizen in 1800 152 Jane Marcet 1769 1858 an innovative writer of popular introductory science books 153 Sebastian Marka born 1978 German film director and editor Frank Martin 1890 1974 composer editor of The Statesman s Year Book Nicolas Maulini born 1981 racing driver Dr Theodore Maunoir 1806 1869 co founder of the International Committee of the Red Cross Amelie Mauresmo born 1979 former professional tennis player and former world No 1 Barthelemy Menn 1815 1893 a landscape painter introduced painting en plein air Heinrich Menu von Minutoli 1772 1846 a Prussian Generalmajor explorer and archaeologist Jacques Barthelemy Micheli du Crest 1690 1766 military engineer physicist and cartographer Giorgio Mondini born 1980 racing driver Stephanie Morgenstern born 1965 Canadian actress filmmaker and screenwriter 154 Edoardo Mortara born 1987 Swiss Italian racing driver Thierry Moutinho born 1991 Swiss Portuguese footballer Gustave Moynier 1826 1910 lawyer and co founder of the Red CrossN R Edit Liliane Maury Pasquier 2007 Pierre Prevost Jean Jacques Rousseau Jacques Necker 1732 1804 banker and finance minister for Louis XVI of France 155 Louis Albert Necker 1786 1861 a crystallographer and geographer devised the Necker cube Felix Neff 1798 1829 Protestant divine and philanthropist 156 Alfred Newton FRS HFRSE 1829 1907 English zoologist and ornithologist 157 Karim Ojjeh born 1965 Saudi Arabian businessman and racing driver Julie Ordon born 1984 model and actress 158 Remy Pagani born 1954 politician Mayor of Geneva 2009 10 and 2012 13 Liliane Maury Pasquier born 1956 politician PATjE born 1970 birth name Patrice Jauffret a singer songwriter and musician 159 Faule Petitot 1572 1629 sculptor cabinetmaker and architect citizen of Geneva since 1615 160 Jean Petitot 1607 1691 enamel painter son of Faule 161 Carmen Perrin born 1953 Bolivian born Swiss visual artist designer and educator Jean Piaget 1896 1980 clinical psychologist devised genetic epistemology Robert Pinget 1919 1997 an avant garde French modernist nouveau roman writer George Pitt 1st Baron Rivers 1721 1803 English diplomat and politician 162 Barbara Polla born 1950 medical doctor gallery owner art curator and writer James Pradier 1790 1852 Genevan and then Swiss sculptor 163 neoclassical style Jean Louis Prevost 1838 1927 neurologist and physiologist Pierre Prevost 1751 1839 philosopher physicist wrote the law of exchange in radiation 164 Tariq Ramadan born 1962 a Swiss Muslim academic philosopher and writer Marcel Raymond 1897 1981 a literary critic of French literature of the Geneva School Flore Revalles 1889 1966 singer dancer and actress 165 Charles Pierre Henri Rieu 1820 1902 Orientalist and Professor of Arabic 166 Prof Auguste Arthur de la Rive 1801 1873 a physicist worked on the heat of gases 167 Charles Gaspard de la Rive 1770 1834 physicist psychiatrist and politician Francois Jules Pictet de la Rive 1809 1872 zoologist and palaeontologist 168 Tibor Rosenbaum 1923 1980 rabbi and businessman Marc Rosset born 1970 former pro tennis player gold medallist at the 1992 Olympic Games Jean Jacques Rousseau 1712 1778 writer and philosopher 169 Jean Rousset 1910 2002 literary critic and early structuralism writer of the Geneva School Xavier Ruiz born 1970 film producer and director 170 S Z Edit Ferdinand de Saussure Michael Schade 2012 Michel Simon 1964 Johann Vogel 2006 Voltaire Ferdinand de Saussure 1857 1913 a linguist and semiotician Horace Benedict de Saussure 1740 1799 geologist meteorologist physicist and Alpine explorer 171 Nicolas Theodore de Saussure 1767 1845 chemist studied plant physiology advanced phytochemistry 172 Leon Savary 1895 1968 writer and journalist Michael Schade born 1965 a Canadian operatic tenor 173 Johann Jacob Schweppe 1740 1821 watchmaker developed Schweppes bottled carbonated water Marguerite Sechehaye 1887 1965 a psychotherapist treated people with schizophrenia Louis Segond 1810 1885 theologian and translator pastor in Chene Bougeries Philippe Senderos born 1985 footballer over 200 club caps and 57 for Switzerland Jean Senebier 1742 1809 pastor and voluminous writer on vegetable physiology 174 Liberato Firmino Sifonia 1917 1996 an Italian composer Pierre Eugene du Simitiere 1737 1784 naturalist American patriot and portrait painter Michel Simon 1895 1975 actor 175 Jean Charles Leonard de Sismondi 1773 1842 historian and political economist 176 Edward Snowden born 1983 lived in Geneva between 2007 and 2009 while working for the CIA Pierre Soubeyran 1706 1775 engraver etcher and Encyclopediste 177 Terry Southern 1924 1995 American author essayist and screenwriter lived in Geneva 1956 59 178 Ezekiel Spanheim 1629 1710 Prussian diplomat Friedrich Spanheim 1632 1701 a Calvinistic theology professor at the University of Leiden Jacques Charles Francois Sturm 1803 1855 French mathematician 179 Emile Taddeoli 1879 1920 Swiss aviation pioneer Alain Tanner born 1929 film director 180 Sigismund Thalberg 1812 1871 Austrian composer and pianist 181 Max Thurian 1921 1996 theologian known as Frere Max Pierre Tirard 1827 1893 French politician 182 Rodolphe Topffer 1799 1846 teacher author painter cartoonist and caricaturist 183 Wolfgang Adam Topffer 1766 1847 painter of landscapes and watercolors 184 Vico Torriani 1920 1998 singer actor show host 185 Georges Trombert 1874 1949 a French fencer silver and bronze medallist at the 1920 Summer Olympics Theodore Tronchin 1709 1781 a Genevan physician 186 Francois Turrettini 1623 1687 a Genevan Italian Reformed scholastic theologian 187 Jean Alphonse Turrettini 1671 1737 reformed theologian 188 Princess Vittoria of Savoy 2003 heir to the Italian throne Francois Vivares 1709 1780 French landscape engraver active in England 189 Johann Vogel born 1977 former footballer played 94 games for Switzerland Prince Andrei Volkonsky 1933 2008 Russian composer of classical music and harpsichordist 190 Voltaire 1694 1778 French philosopher historian dramatist and man of letters lived at Les Delices 1755 1760 191 Nedd Willard 1926 2018 writer R Norris Williams 1891 1968 American tennis player and RMS Titanic survivor Pierre Wissmer 1915 1992 Swiss French composer pianist and music teacher Jean Ziegler born 1934 politician and sociologist Reto Ziegler born 1986 footballer has played 35 games for SwitzerlandSee also EditOutline of Geneva Bibliotheque Publique et Universitaire Geneva Boule de Geneve Calvin Auditory a chapel that played a significant role in the Reformation Circuit des Nations the historic racetrack Franco Provencal language Geneva Freeport Geneva Summit for Human Rights and DemocracyNotes Edit Arpitan Geneva dzeˈnɛva listen German Genf ɡɛnf listen Italian Ginevra dʒiˈneːvra Romansh GenevraReferences Edit a b Arealstatistik Standard Gemeinden nach 4 Hauptbereichen Federal Statistical Office Retrieved 13 January 2019 https www pxweb bfs admin ch pxweb fr px x 0102020000 201 px x 0102020000 201 px table tableViewLayout2 rxid c5985c8d 66cd 446c 9a07 d8cc07276160 retrieved 2 June 2020 40 Le Leman Map The municipality of Geneva and its ZIP Codes 2011 ed 1 100 000 National Map 1 100 000 Wabern Switzerland Federal Office of Topography swisstopo 2009 ISBN 978 3 302 00040 4 Archived from the original on 29 May 2021 Retrieved 11 February 2019 via map geo admin ch Geneva Lexico UK English Dictionary Oxford University Press Archived from the original on 22 March 2020 a b c Bilan de la population residante permanente selon les districts et les communes de 1991 a 2021 Federal Statistical Office Switzerland 25 August 2022 Retrieved 14 January 2023 a b c d Statistique de la superficie standard Communes selon 4 domaines principaux Federal Statistical Office Switzerland 25 November 2021 Retrieved 20 April 2022 a b Atlas statistique de la Suisse Niveaux geographiques de la Suisse Nomenclatures internationales Zones urbaines fonctionnelles 2014 FUA eurostat au 1 1 2020 Federal Statistical Office Switzerland Retrieved 20 April 2022 a b As of 2020 the Eurostat defined Functional Urban Area of Geneva was made up of 93 Swiss communes and 158 French communes Federal Statistical Office spreadsheet listing the Swiss and French communes of the Geneva Functional Urban Area Land area of the 93 Swiss communes 555 1 km source 1 Land area of the 158 French communes 1737 1 km source 2 a b As of 2020 the Eurostat defined Functional Urban Area of Geneva was made up of 93 Swiss communes and 158 French communes Federal Statistical Office spreadsheet listing the Swiss and French communes of the Geneva Functional Urban Area Population of the 93 Swiss communes in January 2020 605 466 source 3 Population of the 158 French communes in January 2020 439 300 source 4 Agglomeration transfrontaliere Grand Geneve 3 February 2021 Retrieved 20 April 2022 a b Grand Geneve is made up of Canton of Geneva 245 8 km 5 District of Nyon 307 4 km 6 Genevois francais 1443 2 km itself made up of CA Thonon Agglomeration 238 9 km 7 CA Annemasse les Voirons Agglomeration 78 2 km 8 CC Arve et Saleve 99 3 km 9 CC du Pays Rochois 93 9 km 10 CC Faucigny Glieres 150 7 km 11 CC du Genevois 151 5 km 12 CA du Pays de Gex 404 9 km 13 and CC du Pays Bellegardien 225 8 km 14 a b Grand Geneve is made up of Canton of Geneva 504 128 inh in Jan 2020 15 District of Nyon 101 914 inh in Jan 2020 16 Genevois francais 431 365 inh in Jan 2020 itself made up of CA Thonon Agglomeration 92 185 inh 17 CA Annemasse les Voirons Agglomeration 92 176 inh 18 CC Arve et Saleve 20 255 inh 19 CC du Pays Rochois 28 675 inh 20 CC Faucigny Glieres 27 218 inh 21 CC du Genevois 48 578 inh 22 CA du Pays de Gex 100 314 inh 23 and CC du Pays Bellegardien 21 964 inh 24 Paul Hofmann 24 June 1990 Staying on the Safe Side Geneva The New York Times Company Archived from the original on 29 May 2021 Retrieved 19 April 2008 Finn Olaf Jones 16 September 2007 36 Hours in Geneva The New York Times Archived from the original on 27 December 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Hugh ed 1911 Rieu Charles Pierre Henri Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 23 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 325 Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 De la Rive Auguste Arthur Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 7 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 944 Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Pictet de la Rive Francois Jules Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 21 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 586 Saintsbury George 1911 Rousseau Jean Jacques In Chisholm Hugh ed Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 23 11th ed Cambridge University Press pp 775 778 IMDb Database Archived 16 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 23 December 2018 Saussure Horace Benedict de Archived 30 December 2018 at the Wayback Machine in the Historical Dictionary of Switzerland Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Saussure Nicolas Theodore de Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 24 11th ed Cambridge University Press pp 238 239 IMDb Database Archived 15 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 23 December 2018 Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Senebier Jean Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 24 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 637 IMDb Database Archived 24 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 23 December 2018 Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Sismondi Jean Charles Leonard de Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 25 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 159 Soubeyran Pierre in German French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland IMDb Database Archived 20 December 2018 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 23 December 2018 Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Sturm Jacques Charles Francois Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 25 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 1053 IMDb Database Archived 11 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 23 December 2018 Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Thalberg Sigismond Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 26 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 719 Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Tirard Pierre Emanuel Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 26 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 1006 Coolidge William Augustus Brevoort 1911 Topffer Rodolphe In Chisholm Hugh ed Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 27 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 49 50 Topffer Wolfgang Adam in German French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland IMDb Database Archived 23 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 23 December 2018 Tronchin Theodore in German French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland Turrettini Francois in German French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland Turrettini Jean Alphonse in German French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland O Donoghue Freeman Marius 1899 Vivares Francois In Lee Sidney ed Dictionary of National Biography Vol 58 London Smith Elder amp Co pp 376 377 IMDb Database Archived 24 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 30 December 2018 Saintsbury George 1911 Voltaire Francois Marie Arouet de In Chisholm Hugh ed Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 28 11th ed Cambridge University Press pp 199 205 Bibliography EditGeneva municipality in German French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland Joelle Kuntz Geneva and the call of internationalism A history editions Zoe 2011 96 pages ISBN 978 2 88182 855 3 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Geneva Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Geneva Official website in French in English Coolidge William Augustus Brevoort 1911 Geneva Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 11 11th ed pp 587 592 Geneva public transport Geneva Tourist Information Office Geneva Tourist Shopping Geneva Historical amp Genealogical Society Collection Archived 5 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine Portals Switzerland Europe Geography Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Geneva amp oldid 1137656847, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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