Organization of Turkic States

The Organization of Turkic States (OTS), formerly called the Turkic Council or the Cooperation Council of Turkic Speaking States, is an intergovernmental organization comprising all but one of the internationally recognized Turkic sovereign states: Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkey, and Uzbekistan; while Hungary and Turkmenistan are observers. Its overarching aim is promoting comprehensive cooperation among the Turkic peoples. First proposed by Kazakh president Nursultan Nazarbayev in 2006, it was founded on 3 October 2009 in Azerbaijan's Nakhchivan. The General Secretariat is located in Turkey's Istanbul.

Organization of Turkic States Azerbaijani: Türk Dövlətləri Təşkilatı Hungarian: Türk Államok Szervezete Kazakh: Түркі мемлекеттерінің ұйымы Kyrgyz: Түркий мамлекеттеринин уюму Turkish: Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı Turkmen: Türki döwletleriň guramasy Uzbek: Turkiy davlatlar tashkiloti
Flag Emblem
Motto:  Together We Are Stronger! Biz birlikdə daha güclüyük! (Azerbaijani) Erősebbek vagyunk együtt! (Hungarian) Біз бірге мықтымыз! (Kazakh) Биз бирге күчтүрөөкбүз! (Kyrgyz) Biz birlikte daha güçlüyüz! (Turkish) Biz bilelikde has güýçli! (Turkmen) Biz birgalikda kuchliroqmiz! (Uzbek)
Member states   Observer states
Political centres	Baku, Azerbaijan^a Budapest, Hungary^b Istanbul, Turkey^c Kyiv, Ukraine^d Astana, Kazakhstan^e Turkistan, Kazakhstan^f
Largest city	Istanbul
Official languages	Azerbaijani Kazakh Kyrgyz Turkish Uzbek
Working languages	English
Other languages	Hungarian Turkmen
Demonym(s)	Turkic
Type	Intergovernmental organization^[1]
Membership^[2]	5 member states  Azerbaijan  Kazakhstan  Kyrgyzstan  Turkey  Uzbekistan 4 observers  Hungary  Northern Cyprus  Turkmenistan Economic Cooperation Organization
Leaders
• Secretary-General	Kubanychbek Ömüraaly uulu
• Chairman	Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
• Honorary Chairman	Nursultan Nazarbayev
Establishment
• Nakhchivan Agreement	3 October 2009
• Last polity admitted	12 November 2021
Area
• Total	4,242,362 km^2 (1,637,985 sq mi) (unranked)
Population
• 2023 estimate	160,616,392
Website turkicstates.org
Parliamentary Assembly Europe Office General Secretariat Regional Diaspora Center Turkic Academy Spiritual capital

In addition to Turkmenistan, the organization has also admitted Hungary and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus as observers, although the latter is only recognized by Turkey.^[3]

During the 8th summit in Istanbul in 2021, the organization was restructured and adopted its current name.^[4][5][6][7]

History

The organization was established on 3 October 2009 as the Cooperation Council of the Turkic Speaking States (Turkic Council), by the Nakhchivan Agreement signed among Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Turkey. According to Halil Akıncı, the founding Secretary-General of the organization, the Turkic Council became the first voluntary alliance of Turkic states in history.^[8]

In 2012, the flag of the Turkic Council was adopted at its 2nd Summit, which took place in Bishkek on 23 August 2012 and officially raised on 12 October 2012. The flag combines the symbols of the four founding member states: the light blue color of the flag of Kazakhstan which also evokes the traditional Turkic color of turquoise, the sun of the flag of Kyrgyzstan, the star of the flag of Azerbaijan and the crescent of the Turkish flag.

On 30 April 2018, it was announced that Uzbekistan would join the Cooperation Council of Turkic-Speaking States^[9] and attend the upcoming summit of the organisation in Bishkek.^[10] It formally applied for membership on 12 September 2019.^[11]

Since late 2018, Hungary has been an observer and may request full membership.^[12] Turkmenistan received the observer status in 2021.^[13]

In November 2021, the organization was renamed the Organization of Turkic States.^[14]

Of great importance is the comprehensive structure of the Union of Municipalities of the Turkic World, in which local governments from 30 countries and regions are represented. 10 June, 2022 6th Congress of the Union of Municipalities of the Turkic World.^[15]

In 2022, the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus was admitted to the organisation as an observer member.^[16]

Purpose

 

Headquarters of The Organization of Turkic States.

Nominally, the Preamble of the Nakhchivan Agreement reaffirms the will of Member States to adhere to the purposes and principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations, and defines the main objective of the Organization of Turkic States as further deepening comprehensive cooperation among Turkic Speaking States, as well as making joint contributions to peace and stability in the region and in the world. Member States have nominally confirmed their commitment to democratic values, human rights, the rule of law, and principles of good governance.

The Nakhchivan Agreement sets out the main purposes and tasks of the Organization as follows:

• Strengthening mutual confidence and friendship among the Parties;
• Developing common positions on foreign policy issues;
• Coordinating actions to combat international terrorism, separatism, extremism and cross-border crimes;
• Promoting effective regional and bilateral cooperation in all areas of common interest;
• Creating favorable conditions for trade and investment;
• Aiming for comprehensive and balanced economic growth, social and cultural development;
• Expanding interaction in the fields of science, technology, education, health, culture, sports and tourism;
• Encouraging interaction of mass media and other means of communication;
• Strengthening cooperation and integration between member states;
• Promoting exchange of relevant legal information and enhancing legal cooperation.^[17]

Structure and operation

Main organs of the Organization of Turkic States include:^[18]

• Council of Heads of State
• Council of Foreign Ministers
• Senior Officials Committee
• Council of Elders (Aksakals)
• The Secretariat

The main decision-making and governing body of the Organization of Turkic States is the Council of Heads of State, which is presided over by the President whose country holds the chairmanship. The chairmanship rotates on an annual basis. All activities of the Organization of Turkic States are coordinated and monitored by its Secretariat, which is located in Istanbul in accordance with the Nakhchivan Agreement. Presidents meet once a year in a previously determined Turkic city. Senior officials, Aksakals, as well as other Ministers and government officials, all meet on a regular basis.

Affiliated bodies and organizations

 

The Turkic-speaking areas

OTS functions as an umbrella for organization like:

• the Parliamentary Assembly of Turkic States (TURKPA) (administrative capital in Baku)
• the International Organization of Turkic Culture (TURKSOY) (administrative capital in Ankara)
• the Turkic Academy (administrative capital in Astana)
• Turkic Culture and Heritage Foundation (administrative capital in Baku)
• Center of Nomadic Civilizations (administrative capital in Bishkek)
• Turkic Business Council (administrative capital in Istanbul)

International cooperation

OTS is an observer at the Economic Cooperation Organization and has also applied for an observer status at the UN and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. Besides, OTS maintains close cooperative relations with the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe and the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia.^{[citation needed]}

Projects

Since its founding agreement defines comprehensive cooperation among Turkic states as the organization's main objective and raison d'être, the Organization of Turkic States is working on a variety of projects. The projects are grouped under six cooperation processes, which are: economy, culture, education, transport, customs, and diaspora. Examples of the projects include establishing the Turkic University Union^[19] and writing a common history textbook. The Organization of Turkic States also works on ways to boost economic development in underdeveloped regions of Member States. The Secretariat brings together Economy Ministers, Education Ministers, Transport Ministers, Heads of Customs Administrations, and other senior officials from different ministries and agencies in order to work on ways to promote cooperation in relevant spheres. Prior to being brought before ministers and heads of administrations, projects and issues of cooperation are elaborated by working groups. One recently launched project is the establishment of a mechanism for closer cooperation among Turkic diasporas all over the world.

Joint investment fund

In November 2020, Kyrgyz Minister of Foreign Affairs Ruslan Kazakbaev pointed that Organization of Turkic States members have to strengthen their economic relations, they have to establish a joint investment fund and build its center on Kyrgyzstan on his meeting with Turkish Minister Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu.^[20] Baghdad Amreyev visited Minister of Treasury and Finance of Turkey Lütfi Elvan and sides talked about establishment of Joint Investment Fund.^[21] In September 2021, on meeting of Turkic ministers responsible for the economy, sides negotiated about a Turkic Joint Investment Fund feasibility work and agreement to establish the fund.^[22]

Common Alphabet

In September 2022, on the occasion of the 90th anniversary of the Language Festival, the Organization of Turkic States decided to establish a "Common Alphabet Commission" within the body of OTS for a unified alphabet of the Turkic world. During the event, scientists from the Turkic states gave information about the alphabets and historical processes used in their own countries, and thus it was emphasized that the transition processes to the common alphabet should be accelerated, and the application should be widespread. The commission, which will hold its first meeting in Kyrgyzstan, will observe the work of the common alphabet and report to the Council of Elders.^[23]

Simplified Customs Corridor

On 11 November 2022, in the city of Samarkand, the member countries of the Organization of Turkic States signed an agreement "On the establishment of simplified customs corridor".^[24] Azerbaijan was the first member country to enact the agreement, in May 2023 the Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev signed a law creating the simplified customs corridor.^[25]

Summits

Main articles: List of Turkic Speaking States summits and List of Turkic Council summits

 

7th Summit of Cooperation Council of Turkic-Speaking States in Baku

Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the newly independent Turkic States of Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan as well as Turkey organized Summits of the Heads of Turkic Speaking States, the first of which took place in 1992 in Ankara. With the establishment of Turkic Council, at the 10th Summit it was decided to rename the top-level meetings to Turkic Council Summits.

Turkic Council Summit is the highlight of the year whereby Heads of State evaluate outcomes of the past period and set goals for the next year. The First Summit took place in Almaty, Kazakhstan, on 20–21 October 2011 and focused primarily on economic cooperation. The Second Summit was held in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, on 22–23 August 2012 and concentrated on educational, scientific, and cultural cooperation. The Third Summit took place on 15–16 August 2013 in Qabala, Azerbaijan with a theme of transport and connectivity.^[26]

On 15 October 2019, the Seventh Turkic Council Summit was organized in Baku with the participation of Presidents of member states Ilham Aliyev, Sooronbai Jeenbekov, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Shavkat Mirziyoyev, as well as Purli Agamyradov as a guest, Viktor Orban as an observer and heads of Turkic cooperation institutions. The participants celebrated the 10th anniversary of the Nakhchivan Agreement on the establishment of the Turkic Council in addition to Uzbekistan's joining the organization as a full-fledged member. The title of Honorary Chairman of the Turkic Council was given to the former President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev. In the conclusion of the Summit, the Heads of States signed Baku Declaration. Besides, the presidency in the Council officially passed to Azerbaijan.^[27][28]

Extraordinary Summit

The Extraordinary Summit of the Turkic Council focused on the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic was conducted through videoconferencing by the initiative of the chairman of the organization Ilham Aliyev on 10 April 2020. The conference titled "Cooperation and solidarity in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic" was held with the participation of the Director-General of the World Health Organization, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus along with the head of states of the member countries. Participants discussed the measures taken at the national level to fight against the coronavirus epidemic, to improve multilateral cooperation in the field of healthcare, and to undertake the common challenges caused by the outbreak of COVID-19. Exchanging views on the ways of overcoming negative effects of coronavirus on the national and global economies, they touched upon trade relations and continuous transportation and they entrusted the Ministries of Commerce and Transport of the member States with reviewing the process via videoconferencing and with presenting practical solutions for the free flow of goods among Turkic Council states across the Trans-Caspian Corridor.^[29][30] An 18-point list of mutual priorities of all member nations was outlined in the Baku Declaration.^[31]

Members

Current

Country	Accession	Population (2021)^[32]^[33]	Area (km^2)	GDP (nominal)^[34]		GDP (PPP)^[34]
				(USD)	Per capita ($)	(Int$)	Per capita (Int$)
Azerbaijan	Founder	10,312,992	86,600	78,721 million (2022)	7,737 (2022)	180,754 million (2022)	17,764 (2022)
Kazakhstan		19,196,465	2,724,900	220,623 million (2022)	11,244 (2022)	543,474 million (2021)	28,600 (2021)
Kyrgyzstan		6,527,743	199,900	10,931 million (2022)	1,607 (2022)	35,398 million (2021)	5,288 (2021)
Turkey		84,775,404	783,562	905,988 million (2022)	10,616 (2022)	2,591,455 million (2021)	30,472 (2021)
Uzbekistan	2019	34,081,449	447,400	80,392 million (2022)	2,255 (2022)	296,689 million (2021)	8,497 (2021)
Organization of Turkic States		154,894,053	4,242,362	1,594,537	10,300	5,074,665	32,760

Observer states

Country	Accession	Population (2021)^[32]^[33]	Area (km^2)	GDP (nominal)^[34]		GDP (PPP)
				(USD million)	Per capita ($)	(Int$)	Per capita (Int$)
Hungary^[35]	2018	9,709,786	93,030	139,135 million (2017)	14,278 (2017)	281,880 million (2017)	28,799 (2017)
Turkmenistan^[13]	2021	6,341,855	491,210	45,611 million (2020)	7,297 (2020)	96,228 million (2019)	16,194 (2019)
Northern Cyprus^[36]	2022	382,836	3,355	4,234 million (2018)	14,648 (2022)
Economic Cooperation Organization^[37]	2023

Possible future members and observers

In 2020, Ukrainian Deputy Foreign Minister Emine Ceppar, who is of Crimean Tatar descent, stated Ukraine wanted to be an observer. Crimea, currently under Russian occupation, is the homeland of the Crimean Tatars.^[38]

Turkish Minister of Foreign Affairs Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu announced that Turkmenistan, currently an observer state, could become a full member during the 2022 Organization of Turkic States summit.^[39]

Former applicants

On 3 May 2021, the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan officially applied for observer status.^[40][41] But with the Taliban overthrowing the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan with its Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan in August that year, the status of its application for observer status is uncertain.

Events

#	Date	Location		Notes	Participation
Turkic Speaking States Summits
I	30 October 1992	Turkey	Ankara	First Turkic Speaking States Summit	H	H	H	H	H	H
—	12 July 1993	Kazakhstan	Almaty	the Almaty Agreement for founding TURKSOY	O	O	O	O	O	O
II	18 October 1994	Turkey	Istanbul	Second Turkic Speaking States Summit	H	H	H	H	H	H
III	28 August 1995	Kyrgyzstan	Bishkek	Third Turkic Speaking States Summit	H	H	H	H	H	H
IV	21 October 1996	Uzbekistan	Tashkent	Fourth Turkic Speaking States Summit	H	H	H	H	H	H
V	9 June 1998	Kazakhstan	Astana	Fifth Turkic Speaking States Summit	H	H	H	H	H	H
VI	8 April 2000	Azerbaijan	Baku	Sixth Turkic Speaking States Summit	H	H	H	H	H	H
VII	26 April 2001	Turkey	Istanbul	Seventh Turkic Speaking States Summit	H	H	H	H	H	O
VIII	17 November 2006	Turkey	Antalya	Eighth Turkic Speaking States Summit	H	H	H	H	O
—	21 November 2008	Turkey	Istanbul	the Istanbul Agreement for founding TURKPA	O	O	O	O
IX	3 October 2009	Azerbaijan	Nakhchivan	Ninth Turkic Speaking States Summit, the Nakhchivan Agreement for founding the Turkic Council	H	H	H	H	O
X	15 September 2010	Turkey	Istanbul	Tenth Turkic Speaking States Summit (The end of Non-Corporate Summits of Turkic-Speaking Countries State)	H	H	H	H	H
Turkic Council Summits
I	21 October 2011	Kazakhstan	Almaty	First Turkic Council Summit, Cooperation in Economic Area and Trade Area	H	H	H	O
II	23 August 2012	Kyrgyzstan	Bishkek	Second Turkic Council Summit, Cooperation in Education, Science and Culture^[42]	H	H	H	H
III	16 August 2013	Azerbaijan	Qabala	Third Turkic Council Summit, Cooperation in Transportation^[43]	H	H	H	H
IV	5 June 2014	Turkey	Bodrum	Fourth Turkic Council Summit, Cooperation in Tourism^[44]	H	H	H	H	H
—	24 December 2014	Ukraine	Kyiv	Opening of the first Turkic Council Regional Diaspora Center^[45]	O	O	O	O
V	11 September 2015	Kazakhstan	Astana	Fifth Turkic Council Summit, Cooperation in Media and Information	H	H	H	O	O
VI	2 September 2018	Kyrgyzstan	Cholpon Ata	Sixth Turkic Council Summit	H	H	H	H		H	H
VII	15 October 2019	Azerbaijan	Baku	Seventh Turkic Council Summit	H	H	H	H	O	H	H
—	10 April 2020	Teleconference		Extraordinary Video Summit^[46]	H	H	H	H	H	H	H
—	31 March 2021	Teleconference		Informal Video Summit^[47]	H	H	H	H	H	H	H
VIII	12 November 2021	Turkey	Istanbul	Eighth Turkic Council Summit, organization status granted.^[47]^[48]	H	H	H	H	H	H	H
Organization of Turkic States Summits
IX	11 November 2022	Uzbekistan	Samarkand^[49]	First Organization of Turkic States Summit^[50]^[51]	H	H	H	H	O	H	H
—	16 March 2023	Turkey	Ankara	Extraordinary Summit^[52]	H	H	H	H	O	H	H	H
X	3 November 2023	Kazakhstan	Astana	Tenth OTS summit^[53]^[54]	H	H	H	H	O	H	H
—	July 2024	Azerbaijan	Shusha	Informal summit^[55]^[56]
XI	2024	Kyrgyzstan		Eleventh OTS summit ^[55]

H Head of state or government attended.

O Other officials attended.

  No attendees.

List of secretaries-general

No.	Name	Country of origin	Took office	Left office
1	Halil Akıncı	Turkey	15 September 2010	16 September 2014
2	Ramil Hasan	Azerbaijan	16 September 2014	3 September 2018
3	Baghdad Amreyev	Kazakhstan	3 September 2018	11 November 2022
4	Kubanychbek Omuraliev	Kyrgyzstan	11 November 2022	incumbent

List of chairmen

According to article 8 of the Nakhchivan Agreement, the state that hosts the regular summit, will assume the chairmanship until next meeting.^[57]

No.	Name	Country of origin	Took office	Left office
1	Nursultan Nazarbayev	Kazakhstan	21 October 2011	23 August 2012
2	Almazbek Atambayev	Kyrgyzstan	23 August 2012	16 August 2013^[58]
3	Ilham Aliyev	Azerbaijan	16 August 2013^[58]	5 June 2014
4	Abdullah Gül	Turkey	5 June 2014	28 August 2014
5	Recep Tayyip Erdoğan		28 August 2014	11 September 2015
(1)	Nursultan Nazarbayev	Kazakhstan	11 September 2015	3 September 2018
6	Sooronbay Jeenbekov	Kyrgyzstan	3 September 2018^[59]	15 October 2019
(3)	Ilham Aliyev	Azerbaijan	15 October 2019^[60]	12 November 2021^[61]
(5)	Recep Tayyip Erdoğan	Turkey	12 November 2021^[61]	11 November 2022
7	Shavkat Mirziyoyev	Uzbekistan	11 November 2022^[62]	3 November 2023
8	Kassym-Jomart Tokayev	Kazakhstan	3 November 2023^[63]	incumbent

Leaders of member states

•  
    Republic of Azerbaijan
  Ilham Aliyev
  President of Azerbaijan
•  
    Republic of Kazakhstan
  Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
  President of Kazakhstan
•  
    Kyrgyz Republic
  Sadyr Japarov
  President of Kyrgyzstan
•  
    Republic of Turkey
  Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
  President of Turkey
•  
    Republic of Uzbekistan
  Shavkat Mirziyoyev
  President of Uzbekistan

See also

• Azerbaijan–Organization of Turkic States relations
• List of international organizations based in Istanbul
• World Turks Qurultai

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External links

 

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Organization of Turkic States.

• Official website  
• Text of Nakhchivan Agreement