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Wikipedia

Miami

Miami (/mˈæmi/ my-AM-ee), officially the City of Miami, known as "the 305", "The Magic City", and "Gateway to the Americas", is a major city, a coastal metropolis and the county seat of Miami-Dade County in South Florida, United States. With a population of 442,241 at the 2020 census,[6] it is the second-most populous city in Florida and the eleventh-most populous city in the Southeastern United States. The Miami metropolitan area is the ninth largest in the U.S. with a population of 6.138 million in 2020.[7] The city has the third-largest skyline in the U.S. with over 300 high-rises,[11] 58 of which exceed 491 ft (150 m).[12]

Miami
Nicknames: 
The 305, Magic City, Gateway to the Americas, Gateway to Latin America, Capital of Latin America,[1] The 305 and Vice City
Interactive map outlining Miami
Miami
Location within the state of Florida
Miami
Location within the United States
Miami
Location within North America
Coordinates: 25°46′31″N 80°12′31″W / 25.775163°N 80.208615°W / 25.775163; -80.208615Coordinates: 25°46′31″N 80°12′31″W / 25.775163°N 80.208615°W / 25.775163; -80.208615[2]
CountryUnited States
StateFlorida
Constituent counties (County)Miami-Dade
RegionSouth Atlantic
SettledAfter 1858[a]
IncorporatedJuly 28, 1896
Founded byJulia Tuttle
Named forMayaimi
Government
 • TypeMayor–Commission
 • MayorFrancis X. Suarez (R)
Area
 • Total56.07 sq mi (145.23 km2)
 • Land36.00 sq mi (93.23 km2)
 • Water20.08 sq mi (52.00 km2)
 • Metro
6,137 sq mi (15,890 km2)
Elevation
6 ft (1.8 m)
Highest elevation
42 ft (12.8 m)
Population
 • Total442,241
 • Estimate 
(2021)[6]
439,890
 • Rank44th in the United States
2nd in Florida
 • Density12,284.47/sq mi (4,743.55/km2)
 • Urban
6,077,522 (US: 4th)
 • Urban density4,884.8/sq mi (1,886.0/km2)
 • Metro6,091,747 (US: 9th)
DemonymMiamian
Time zoneUTC– 05:00 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC– 04:00
ZIP Codes
33101-33102, 33106, 33109, 33111-33112, 33114, 33116, 33119, 33122, 33124-33138, 33140-33147, 33149-33158, 33160-33170, 33172-33199, 33206, 33222, 33231, 33233-33234, 33238-33239, 33242-33243, 33245, 33247, 33255-33257, 33261, 33265-33266, 33269, 33280, 33283, 33296, 33299
Area code(s)305 and 786
FIPS code12-45000
GNIS feature ID277593, 2411786
International airportsMiami International Airport
Fort Lauderdale–Hollywood International Airport
Palm Beach International Airport
Commuter railTri-Rail, Brightline
Rapid transit
GDP (City, 2019)$151 billion[8] (14th)
GMP (Metro, 2020)$377.5 billion[9][10] (12th)
Websitemiamigov.com

Miami is a major center and leader in finance, commerce, culture, arts, and international trade.[13][14] Miami's metropolitan area is by far the largest urban economy in Florida and the 12th largest in the U.S., with a GDP of $344.9 billion as of 2017.[15] According to a 2018 UBS study of 77 world cities, Miami is the second richest city in the U.S. and third richest globally in purchasing power.[16] Miami is a majority-minority city with a Hispanic population of 310,472, or 70.2 percent of the city's population, as of 2020.[17]

Downtown Miami has one of the largest concentrations of international banks in the U.S. and is home to many large national and international companies.[18] The Health District is home to several major University of Miami-affiliated hospital and health facilities, including Jackson Memorial Hospital, the nation's largest hospital with 1,547 beds,[19] and the Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, the University of Miami's academic medical center and teaching hospital, and others engaged in health-related care and research. PortMiami, the city's seaport, is the busiest cruise port in the world in both passenger traffic and cruise lines.[20] Miami is the second largest tourism hub for international visitors, after New York City.[21] Miami has sometimes been called the Gateway to Latin America because of the magnitude of its commercial and cultural ties to the region.[22]

In 2019, Miami ranked seventh in the U.S. in business activity, human capital, information exchange, cultural experience, and political engagement.[23]

Toponymy

Miami was named in 1896 after the Miami River, derived from Mayaimi, the historic name of Lake Okeechobee and the Native Americans who lived around it.[24]

History

 
In 1896, approximately 400 men gathered in the building pictured to the left and voted to incorporate Miami.
 
The mouth of Miami River at Brickell Key, February 2010

The Tequesta tribe occupied the Miami area for around 2,000 years before contact with Europeans. A village of hundreds of people, dating to 500–600 BCE, was located at the mouth of the Miami River. It is believed that the entire tribe migrated to Cuba by the mid-1700s.[25]

Settlement

In 1566, admiral Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, Florida's first governor, claimed the area for Spain. A Spanish mission was constructed one year later. Spain and Britain successively ruled Florida until Spain ceded it to the United States in 1821. In 1836, the U.S. built Fort Dallas on the banks of the Miami River as part of their development of the Florida Territory and their attempt to suppress and remove the Seminoles. As a result, the Miami area became a site of fighting in the Second Seminole War.

Founding

Miami is noted as the only major city in the United States founded by a woman. Julia Tuttle, a local citrus grower and a wealthy Cleveland native, was the original owner of the land upon which the city was built.[26] In the late 19th century, the area was known as "Biscayne Bay Country", and reports described it as a promising wilderness and "one of the finest building sites in Florida".[27][28] The Great Freeze of 1894–1895 hastened Miami's growth, as the crops there were the only ones in Florida that survived. Julia Tuttle subsequently convinced railroad tycoon Henry Flagler to extend his Florida East Coast Railway to the region, for which she became known as "the mother of Miami".[29][30] Miami was officially incorporated as a city on July 28, 1896, with a population of just over 300.[31] African American labor played a crucial role in Miami's early development.

20th century

During the early 20th century, migrants from the Bahamas and African-Americans constituted 40 percent of the city's population.[32]: 25  Despite their role in the city's growth, their community was limited to a small space. When landlords began to rent homes to African-Americans around Avenue J (what would later become NW Fifth Avenue), a gang of white men with torches marched through the neighborhood and warned the residents to move or be bombed.[32]: 33 

Miami prospered during the 1920s with an increase in population and development in infrastructure as northerners moved to the city. The legacy of Jim Crow was embedded in these developments. Miami's chief of police at the time, H. Leslie Quigg, did not hide the fact that he, like many other white Miami police officers, was a member of the Ku Klux Klan. Unsurprisingly, these officers enforced social codes far beyond the written law. Quigg, for example, "personally and publicly beat a colored bellboy to death for speaking directly to a white woman".[32]: 53 [33]

The collapse of the Florida land boom of the 1920s, the 1926 Miami Hurricane, and the Great Depression in the 1930s slowed development. When World War II began, Miami became a base for U.S. defense against German submarines due to its prime location on the southern coast of Florida. This brought an increase in Miami's population; 172,172 people lived in the city by 1940. The city's nickname, The Magic City, came from its rapid growth, which was noticed by winter visitors who remarked that the city grew so much from one year to the next that it was like magic.[34]

After Fidel Castro rose to power in Cuba following the Revolution in 1959, many wealthy Cubans sought refuge in Miami, further increasing the city's population. The city's national profile expanded dramatically in the 1970s, particularly in 1972.[35] The region hosted both the Democratic and Republican National Conventions in the 1972 Presidential election. The Miami Dolphins also made history with their undefeated "perfect" season. The area's educational and cultural institutions had also developed significantly in this period, positioning the city to service a larger and increasingly international populace.[35] Miami also developed new businesses and cultural amenities as part of the New South in the 1980s and 1990s. At the same time, South Florida weathered social problems related to drug wars, immigration from Haiti and Latin America, and the widespread destruction of Hurricane Andrew.[36][34] Racial and cultural tensions sometimes sparked, but the city developed in the latter half of the 20th century as a major international, financial, and cultural center. It is the second-largest U.S. city with a Spanish-speaking majority (after El Paso, Texas), and the largest city with a Cuban-American plurality.[37][38]

Geography

Miami and its suburbs are located on a broad plain between the Everglades to the west and Biscayne Bay to the east, which extends from Lake Okeechobee southward to Florida Bay. The elevation of the area averages at around 6 ft (1.8 m)[39] above sea level in most neighborhoods, especially near the coast. The highest points are found along the Miami Rock Ridge, which lies under most of the eastern Miami metro. The main portion of the city is on the shores of Biscayne Bay, which contains several hundred natural and artificial barrier islands, the largest of which contains Miami Beach and South Beach. The Gulf Stream, a warm ocean current, runs northward just 15 miles (24 km) off the coast, allowing the city's climate to stay warm and mild all year.

Geology

The surface bedrock under the Miami area is called Miami oolite or Miami limestone. This bedrock is covered by a thin layer of soil, and is no more than 50 feet (15 m) thick. Miami limestone formed as the result of the drastic changes in sea level associated with recent glacial periods, or ice ages. Beginning some 130,000 years ago, the Sangamonian Stage raised sea levels to approximately 25 feet (8 m) above the current level. All of southern Florida was covered by a shallow sea. Several parallel lines of reef formed along the edge of the submerged Florida plateau, stretching from the present Miami area to what is now the Dry Tortugas. The area behind this reef line was, in fact, a large lagoon, and the Miami limestone formed throughout the area from the deposition of oolites and the shells of bryozoans. Starting about 100,000 years ago, the Wisconsin glaciation began lowering sea levels, exposing the floor of the lagoon. By 15,000 years ago, the sea level had dropped 300 to 350 feet (90 to 110 m) below the current level. The sea level rose quickly after that, stabilizing at the current level about 4,000 years ago, leaving the mainland of South Florida just above sea level.[40]

Beneath the plain lies the Biscayne Aquifer, a natural underground source of fresh water that extends from southern Palm Beach County to Florida Bay. It comes closest to the surface around the cities of Miami Springs and Hialeah.[41] Most of the Miami metropolitan area obtains its drinking water from the Biscayne Aquifer. As a result of the aquifer, it is not possible to dig more than 15 to 20 ft (5 to 6 m) beneath the city without hitting water, which impedes underground construction, though some underground parking garages exist. For this reason, the mass transit systems in and around Miami are elevated or at-grade.[40]

Most of the western fringes of the city border the Everglades, a tropical marshland covering most of the southern portion of Florida. Alligators that live in the marshes have ventured into Miami communities and onto major highways.[40]

Cityscape

 
Downtown Miami seen from Virginia Key, 2014
 
Northern Downtown Miami overlooking Interstate 95, 2014
 
Downtown as seen from PortMiami, 2009

Neighborhoods

 
View from one of the higher points in Miami, west of Downtown Miami. The highest natural point in the city of Miami is in Coconut Grove, near Biscayne Bay along the Miami Rock Ridge at 24 feet (7.3 m) above sea level.[42]
 
The historic district of Downtown Miami is one of the city's oldest with buildings constructed as far back as 1896.
 
Map of Miami neighborhoods

Miami is split roughly into north, south, west, and Downtown areas. The heart of the city is Downtown Miami, which is on the eastern side and includes the neighborhoods of Brickell, Virginia Key, Watson Island, as well as PortMiami. Downtown Miami is Florida's largest and most influential central business district, with many major banks, courthouses, financial headquarters, cultural and tourist attractions, schools, parks, and a large residential population. Brickell Avenue has the largest concentration of international banks in the United States. Just northwest of Downtown is the Health District, which is Miami's center for hospitals, research institutes and biotechnology, with hospitals such as Jackson Memorial Hospital, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, and the University of Miami's Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine.[43]

The southern side of Miami includes the neighborhoods of Coral Way, The Roads, and Coconut Grove. Coral Way is a historic residential neighborhood built in 1922 between Downtown and Coral Gables, and is home to many old homes and tree-lined streets. Coconut Grove, established in 1825, is a historic neighborhood with narrow, winding roads and a heavy tree canopy.[43][44] It is the location of Miami's City Hall at Dinner Key, the former Coconut Grove Playhouse, CocoWalk, and the Coconut Grove Convention Center. It is also home to many nightclubs, bars, restaurants, and bohemian shops, which makes it very popular with local college students. Coconut Grove is known for its many parks and gardens, such as Vizcaya Museum, The Kampong, The Barnacle Historic State Park, and numerous other historic homes and estates.[43]

The western side of Miami includes the neighborhoods of Little Havana, West Flagler, and Flagami. Although at one time a mostly Jewish neighborhood, today western Miami is home to immigrants from mostly Central America and Cuba, while the west central neighborhood of Allapattah is a multicultural community of many ethnicities.[43]

The northern side of Miami includes Midtown, a district with a great mix of diversity ranging from West Indians to Hispanics to European Americans. The Edgewater neighborhood of Midtown is mostly composed of high-rise residential towers and is home to the Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts. Wynwood is an art district with ten galleries in former warehouses, as well as a large outdoor mural project. The wealthier residents of Miami usually live in the Design District and the Upper Eastside, which has many 1920s homes as well as examples of Miami Modern architecture in the MiMo Historic District.[45] The northern side of Miami also has notable African-American and Caribbean immigrant communities, including Little Haiti, Overtown (home of the Lyric Theater), and Liberty City.[43]

Climate

 
Summer afternoon thunderstorm rolling into Miami from the Everglades, January 2009

Miami has a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen climate classification Am)[46][47] with hot and wet summers and warm and dry winters.

The city's sea-level elevation, coastal location, position just above the Tropic of Cancer, and proximity to the Gulf Stream shape its climate. Average winter high temperatures, from December to March, range from 76.4–80.3 °F (24.7–26.8 °C). January is the coolest month with an average daily temperature of 68.2 °F (20.1 °C). Low temperatures fall below 50 °F (10 °C) about 3 to 4 nights during the winter season,[citation needed] after the passage of cold fronts that produce what little rainfall that falls in the winter.

There are two basic seasons in Miami, a hot and wet season from May through October, and a warm and dry season from November through April. During the hot and wet season, daily thundershowers occur in the humid unstable air masses. The wet season in Miami is defined as the period during which the average daily dew point temperature is above 70 °F (21 °C). The rainy season typically begins on the first day that occurs, or within a few days later. Similarly, daily rainfall in Miami decreases sharply when the average daily dew point falls to 70 °F (21 °C) or below, although in some years, a stalled front to the south of the Florida peninsula may cause rains to continue for a few more days. During the years 1956 to 1997, the date summer began ranged from April 16 to June 3, with a median date of May 21. During those same years, the date summer ended ranged from September 24 to November 1, with a median date of October 17.[48] During the summer, temperatures range from the mid-80s to low 90s °F (29–35 °C) and are accompanied by high humidity, though the heat is often relieved in the afternoon by thunderstorms or a sea breeze that develops off the Atlantic Ocean. Much of the year's 61.9 inches (1,572 mm) of rainfall occurs during this period. Dew points in the warm months range from 71.9 °F (22.2 °C) in June to 73.7 °F (23.2 °C) in August.[49]

Extremes range from 27 °F (−2.8 °C) on February 3, 1917, to 100 °F (38 °C) on July 21, 1942.[50] While Miami has never recorded snowfall at any official weather station since records have been kept, snow flurries fell in some parts of the city on January 19, 1977.[51][52][53][54] The coldest daytime maximum temperature on record is 45 °F (7 °C) in 1989, while the coldest maximum temperature average between 1991 and 2020 stood at 59 °F (15 °C).[49] The warmest overnight low measured is 84 °F (29 °C) on several occasions.[49] The stability of summer overnight lows is underlined by the mean maximum annual overnight low is just one degree lower.[49]

Hurricane season officially runs from June 1 through November 30, although hurricanes can develop beyond those dates. The most likely time for Miami to be hit is during the peak of the Cape Verde season, which is mid-August through the end of September.[55] Although tornadoes are uncommon in the area, one struck in 1925 and another in 1997. Around 40% of homes in Miami are built upon floodplains and are considered as flood-risk zones.[56]

Miami falls under the Department of Agriculture's 10b/11a plant hardiness zone.[57]

Miami is one of the major coastal cities and major cities in the United States that will be most affected by climate change.[58][59] Globally, it is one of the most at-risk cities as well, according to a 2020 report by Resources for the Future.[60][61] Global sea level rise, which in Miami is projected to be 21 inches (53 cm) to 40 inches (100 cm) by 2070, will lead to an increase in storm damage, more intense flooding, and will threaten the city's water supply.[62][63][64] Other potential impacts of climate change include higher hurricane wind speeds and severe thunderstorms, which can bring about hail or tornadoes.[61] Some protective efforts are in place, including nourishing beaches and adding protective barriers, raising buildings and roads that are vulnerable, and restoring natural habitats such as wetlands.[61] Miami Beach has invested $500 million to protect roads, buildings, and water systems.[61] Real estate prices in Miami already reflect the increase in prices for real estate at a higher elevation within the city compared to real estate at a lower elevation.[65]

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 88
(31)
89
(32)
93
(34)
97
(36)
98
(37)
98
(37)
100
(38)
98
(37)
97
(36)
95
(35)
91
(33)
89
(32)
100
(38)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 84.4
(29.1)
85.8
(29.9)
89.0
(31.7)
90.7
(32.6)
92.8
(33.8)
94.2
(34.6)
94.7
(34.8)
94.5
(34.7)
93.2
(34.0)
90.9
(32.7)
87.0
(30.6)
84.9
(29.4)
95.8
(35.4)
Average high °F (°C) 76.2
(24.6)
78.2
(25.7)
80.6
(27.0)
83.6
(28.7)
86.7
(30.4)
89.3
(31.8)
90.6
(32.6)
90.7
(32.6)
89.0
(31.7)
85.9
(29.9)
81.3
(27.4)
78.2
(25.7)
84.2
(29.0)
Daily mean °F (°C) 68.6
(20.3)
70.7
(21.5)
73.1
(22.8)
76.7
(24.8)
80.1
(26.7)
82.8
(28.2)
84.1
(28.9)
84.2
(29.0)
83.0
(28.3)
80.1
(26.7)
74.8
(23.8)
71.2
(21.8)
77.4
(25.2)
Average low °F (°C) 61.0
(16.1)
63.2
(17.3)
65.6
(18.7)
69.8
(21.0)
73.4
(23.0)
76.3
(24.6)
77.5
(25.3)
77.7
(25.4)
76.9
(24.9)
74.2
(23.4)
68.3
(20.2)
64.3
(17.9)
70.7
(21.5)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 45.1
(7.3)
48.5
(9.2)
52.3
(11.3)
59.6
(15.3)
66.7
(19.3)
71.5
(21.9)
72.5
(22.5)
72.8
(22.7)
72.7
(22.6)
65.0
(18.3)
55.7
(13.2)
49.7
(9.8)
42.5
(5.8)
Record low °F (°C) 28
(−2)
27
(−3)
32
(0)
39
(4)
50
(10)
60
(16)
66
(19)
67
(19)
62
(17)
45
(7)
36
(2)
30
(−1)
27
(−3)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 1.83
(46)
2.15
(55)
2.46
(62)
3.36
(85)
6.32
(161)
10.51
(267)
7.36
(187)
9.58
(243)
10.22
(260)
7.65
(194)
3.53
(90)
2.44
(62)
67.41
(1,712)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 7.7 6.5 6.3 6.9 10.8 17.6 17.3 19.4 18.1 13.8 8.6 8.0 141.0
Average relative humidity (%) 72.7 70.9 69.5 67.3 71.6 76.2 74.8 76.2 77.8 74.9 73.8 72.5 73.2
Average dew point °F (°C) 57.6
(14.2)
57.6
(14.2)
60.4
(15.8)
62.6
(17.0)
67.6
(19.8)
72.0
(22.2)
73.0
(22.8)
73.8
(23.2)
73.2
(22.9)
68.7
(20.4)
63.9
(17.7)
59.2
(15.1)
65.8
(18.8)
Mean monthly sunshine hours 219.8 216.9 277.2 293.8 301.3 288.7 308.7 288.3 262.2 260.2 220.8 216.1 3,154
Percent possible sunshine 66 69 75 77 72 70 73 71 71 73 68 66 71
Source: NOAA (relative humidity, dew point and sun 1961–1990),[49][66][67] The Weather Channel[68]

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop.
19001,681
19105,471225.5%
192029,571440.5%
1930110,637274.1%
1940172,17255.6%
1950249,27644.8%
1960291,68817.0%
1970334,85914.8%
1980346,6813.5%
1990358,5483.4%
2000362,4701.1%
2010399,45710.2%
2020442,24110.7%
2021 (est.)439,890[6]−0.5%
U.S. Decennial Census[69]
2010–2020[6]
Demographic profile[70] 2020[71] 2010 2000 1990 1980 1970 1960 1950 1940 1930 1920 1910
White (Includes White Hispanics) 65.4% 72.6% 66.6% 65.6% 66.6% 76.6% 77.4% 83.7% 78.5% 77.3% 68.5% 58.7%
Hispanics 72.5% 70.0% 65.8% 62.5% 55.9% 44.6% 17.6%
Black or African American 16.0% 19.2% 22.3% 27.4% 25.1% 22.7% 22.4% 16.2% 21.4% 22.7% 31.3% 41.3%
Non-Hispanic White 11.5% 11.9% 11.8% 12.2% 19.4% 41.7%
Other 4.2% 5.6% 6.4% 7.8% 0.4% 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Asian 1.3% 1.0% 0.7% 0.6% 0.5% 0.3%

Religion in the Miami Metro Area (2014)[72]

  Protestantism (39%)
  Catholicism (27%)
  Mormonism (0.5%)
  Other Christian (1%)
  No religion (21%)
  Judaism (9%)
  Other religion (1%)
Miami demographics
2020 census Miami[73] Miami-Dade County[74] Florida
Total population 442,241 2,701,767 21,538,187
Population, percent change, 2010 to 2020 +10.7% +8.2% +14.6%
Population density 12,284.5/sq mi
(4,743.1/km2)
1,422.9/sq mi
(549.4/km2)
402.0/sq mi
(155.2/km2)
White or Caucasian (including White Hispanic) 65.4% 82.7% 69.4%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 72.5% 69.1% 26.5%
Black or African-American 16.0% 17.4% 15.1%
(Non-Hispanic White or Caucasian) 11.5% 13.6% 57.7%
Asian 1.3% 1.6% 3.0%
Native American or Native Alaskan 0.3% 0.06% 0.4%
Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian 0.0% 0.01% 0.1%
Two or more races (Multiracial) 12.6% 1.3% 16.5%
Some Other Race 4.2% 0.5% 7.3%

The city is home to less than one-thirteenth of the population of South Florida. Miami is the 44th most populous city in the United States. The Miami metropolitan area, which includes Miami-Dade, Broward, and Palm Beach counties, has a population of 6.1 million people, ranking eighth in the United States.[75]

 
Map of racial/ethnic distribution in Miami, 2010 U.S. Census. Each dot is 25 people:  Non-Hispanic White  Black  Asian  Hispanic  Other

In 1960, people of Hispanic origin made up about 5% of the population of Miami-Dade County. Between 1960 and 2000, Hispanics accounted for 90% of the population growth in the county, and their share of the county's population grew to more than 57% by 2000.[76]

In 1970, the Census Bureau reported Miami's population as 45% Hispanic, 41.7% non-Hispanic white, and 22.7% black.[77] Miami's explosive population growth has been driven by internal migration from other parts of the country, primarily up until the 1980s, as well as by immigration, primarily from the 1960s to the 1990s. Today, immigration to Miami has continued and Miami's growth today is attributed greatly to its fast urbanization and high-rise construction, which has increased its inner city neighborhood population densities, such as in Downtown, Brickell, and Edgewater, where one area in Downtown alone saw a 2,069% increase in population in the 2010 Census. Miami is regarded as more of a multicultural mosaic, than it is a melting pot, with residents still maintaining much of, or some of their cultural traits. The overall culture of Miami is heavily influenced by its large population from the Caribbean and South America.[78]

Culture

Miami has a minority-majority population, as non-Hispanic whites comprised only 11.5% of the total. As of the 2020 census, the racial makeup of the population of Miami was 65.4% White American (including White Hispanic), 16.0% black or African American, 1.3% Asian American, and the remainder belonged to other groups or was of mixed ancestry. The 2020 US Census reported that Hispanic or Latino residents of any race made up 72.5% of Miami's population.[79]

In 2010, 34.4% of city residents were of Cuban origin, 15.8% had a Central American background (7.2% Nicaraguan, 5.8% Honduran, 1.2% Salvadoran, and 1.0% Guatemalan), 8.7% were of South American descent (3.2% Colombian, 1.4% Venezuelan, 1.2% Peruvian, 1.2% Argentine, 1.0% Chilean and 0.7% Ecuadorian), 4.0% had other Hispanic or Latino origins (0.5% Spaniard), 3.2% descended from Puerto Ricans, 2.4% were Dominican, and 1.5% had Mexican ancestry.

As of 2010, 5.6% of city residents were West Indian or Afro-Caribbean American origin (4.4% Haitian, 0.4% Jamaican, 0.4% Bahamian, 0.1% British West Indian, and 0.1% Trinidadian and Tobagonian, 0.1% Other or Unspecified West Indian),[80] 3.0% were Black Hispanics,[81] and 0.4% were Subsaharan African origin.[82][83]

As of 2010, those of (non-Hispanic white) European ancestry accounted for 11.9% of Miami's population. Of the city's total population, 1.7% were German, 1.6% Italian, 1.4% Irish, 1.0% English, 0.8% French, 0.6% Russian, and 0.5% were Polish.[82][83] Since the 1960s, there has been massive white flight with many non-Hispanic whites moving outside Miami due to the influx of immigrants settling in most parts of Miami.[84][85]

As of 2010, those of Asian ancestry accounted for 1.0% of Miami's population. Of the city's total population, 0.3% were Indian/Indo-Caribbean (1,206 people), 0.3% Chinese/Chinese Caribbean (1,804 people), 0.2% Filipino (647 people), 0.1% were other Asian (433 people), 0.1% Japanese (245 people), 0.1% Korean (213 people), and 0.0% were Vietnamese (125 people).[82]

In 2010, 1.9% of the population considered themselves to be of only American ancestry (regardless of race or ethnicity),[82][83] while 0.5% were of Arab ancestry, as of 2010.[82]

According to a 2014 study by the Pew Research Center, Christianity is the most-practiced religion in Miami (68%), with 39% professing attendance at a variety of churches that could be considered Protestant, and 27% professing Catholicism.[86][87] Followed by Judaism (9%); Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, and a variety of other religions have smaller followings; atheism or no self-identifying organized religious affiliation was practiced by 21%.

There has been a Norwegian Seamen's church in Miami since the early 1980s. In November 2011, Crown Princess of Norway Mette-Marit opened a new building for the church. The church was built as a center for the 10,000 Scandinavians that live in Florida. Around 4,000 of them are Norwegian. The church is also an important place for the 150 Norwegians that work at Walt Disney World in Central Florida.[88]

As of 2020, a total of 74.7% of Miami's population age five and over spoke a language other than English at home; 66.3% of Miami residents spoke Spanish at home, 7.1% other Indo-European languages, 0.9% Asian and Pacific Islander languages, and 0.7% other.[89]

Other demographics

As of the 2020 United States census, 81.8% of people over age 25 were a high school graduate or higher, while 30.7% had a bachelor's degree or higher.

There were 1,074,685 housing units, of which 902,200 were households; 43.7% were married-couple families, 31.2% had a female householder with a family and no spouse, and 18.0% had a male householder with the same. The average family size was 3.3. 20.2% of people were under the age of 18, while 16.9% were over 65.

In 2020, 53.6% of the county's population was foreign-born, with 59% being naturalized American citizens.

About 14.9% of the population was below the poverty line at the census, including 21.1% of those under age 18 and 20.8% of those aged 65 or over.[89]

Economy

 
Downtown Miami is a national hub for finance, commerce, and international business. Brickell Avenue in Downtown Miami has the largest concentration of international banks in the nation.
 
As seen in 2006, the high-rise construction in Miami has inspired popular opinion of "Miami's Manhattanization".
 
Brickell Avenue in Downtown Miami's Brickell Financial District, February 2010

Miami is a major center of commerce and finance and boasts a strong international business community. According to the 2020 ranking of world cities undertaken by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network (GaWC) based on the level of presence of global corporate service organizations, Miami is considered a Beta + level world city, along with Atlanta, Dallas, and Houston, however according to the US census between the years 2015–2019, Miami lacks in terms of owner-occupied housing, computer and internet usage, education regarding bachelor's degree or higher, median household income, per capita income, while achieving higher percentage of persons in poverty.[90][91] Miami has a Gross Metropolitan Product of $257 billion, ranking 11th in the United States and 20th worldwide in GMP.[92][93]

Several large companies are headquartered in Miami, including but not limited to Akerman LLP,[94] Alienware,[95] Arquitectonica,[96] Brightstar Corporation, Celebrity Cruises,[97] Carnival Corporation,[98] Duany Plater-Zyberk,[99] Greenberg Traurig, Inktel Direct, Lennar Corporation, Norwegian Cruise Line, Oceania Cruises, OPKO Health, Parkjockey, RCTV International,[100] Royal Caribbean International, Sitel, Southern Wine & Spirits,[101] Telemundo, Vector Group, Watsco and World Fuel Services. Over 1,400 multinational firms are located in Miami, with many major global organisations headquartering their Latin American operations (or regional offices) in the city including Walmart.[102] Additionally, companies based in nearby cities or unincorporated areas of Miami-Dade County include, Benihana, Burger King, Carnival Cruise Line, Navarro Discount Pharmacies, Perry Ellis International, Ryder, Sedano's, UniMás, and U.S. Century Bank.[103][104]

Miami is a major television production center, and the most important city in the United States for Spanish language media. Telemundo and UniMás have their headquarters in the Miami area. Univisión Studios and Telemundo Studios produce much of the original programming for their respective parent networks, such as telenovelas, news, sports, and talk shows. In 2011, 85% of Telemundo's original programming was filmed in Miami.[105] Miami is also a significant music recording center, with the Sony Music Latin headquarters in the city,[106] along with many other smaller record labels. The city also attracts many artists for music video and film shoots.

During the mid-2000s, the city witnessed its largest real estate boom since the Florida land boom of the 1920s, and the city had well over a hundred approved high-rise construction projects. However, only 50 were actually built.[107] Rapid high-rise construction led to fast population growth in the Miami's inner neighborhoods, with Downtown, Brickell and Edgewater becoming the fastest-growing areas of the city. The city currently has the seven tallest (as well as fifteen of top twenty) skyscrapers in the state of Florida, with the tallest being the 868-foot (265 m) Panorama Tower.[108]

The housing market crash of 2007 caused a foreclosure crisis in the area.[109] Like other metro areas in the United States, crime in Miami is localized to specific neighborhoods.[110] In a 2016 study by the website 24/7 Wall Street, Miami was rated as the worst U.S. city in which to live, based on crime, poverty, income inequality, education, and housing costs that far exceed the national median.[111]

Miami International Airport (MIA) and PortMiami are among the nation's busiest ports of entry, especially for cargo from South America and the Caribbean. PortMiami is the world's busiest cruise port, and MIA is the busiest airport in Florida and the largest gateway between the United States and Latin America.[112] Due to its strength in international business, finance and trade, the city has among the largest concentration of international banks in the country, primarily along Brickell Avenue in Brickell, Miami's financial district. Miami was the host city of the 2003 Free Trade Area of the Americas negotiations.

Miami is the home to the National Hurricane Center and the headquarters of the United States Southern Command, responsible for military operations in Central and South America. Miami is also an industrial center, especially for stone quarrying and warehousing. These industries are centered largely on the western fringes of the city near Doral and Hialeah.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau in 2012, Miami had the fourth highest percentage of family incomes below the federal poverty line out of all large cities in the United States, behind Detroit, Michigan, Cleveland, Ohio, and Cincinnati, Ohio, respectively. Miami is also one of the very few cities in the U.S. where the local government has gone bankrupt, in 2001.[113]

The Little Fire Ant (Wasmannia auropunctata) is an invasive agricultural pest here.[114]

PortMiami

 
PortMiami is the world's largest cruise ship port, and is the headquarters of many of the world's largest cruise companies.

Miami is home to one of the largest ports in the United States, the PortMiami. It is the largest cruise ship port in the world, and is often called the "Cruise Capital of the World" and the "Cargo Gateway of the Americas".[115] It has retained its status as the number one cruise/passenger port in the world for well over a decade, accommodating the largest cruise ships and the major cruise lines. In 2017, the port served 5,340,559 cruise passengers.[116] Additionally, the port is one of the nation's busiest cargo ports, importing 9,162,340 tons of cargo in 2017.[116] Among North American ports, it ranks second to New Orleans' Port of South Louisiana in cargo tonnage imported from Latin America. The port sits on 518 acres (2 km2) and has seven passenger terminals. China is the port's number one import country and number one export country. Miami has the world's largest amount of cruise line headquarters, home to Carnival Cruise Line, Celebrity Cruises, Norwegian Cruise Line, Oceania Cruises, and Royal Caribbean International. In 2014, the Port of Miami Tunnel was opened, connecting the MacArthur Causeway to PortMiami.[117]

Tourism and conventions

Tourism is one of the Miami's largest private-sector industries, accounting for more than 144,800 jobs in Miami-Dade County.[118] The city's frequent portrayal in music, film, and popular culture has made the city and its landmarks recognizable worldwide. In 2016, it attracted the second-highest number of foreign tourists of any city in the United States, after New York City, and is among the top 20 cities worldwide by international visitor spending. More than 15.9 million visitors arrived in Miami in 2017, adding $26.1 billion to the economy.[119] With a large hotel infrastructure and the newly renovated Miami Beach Convention Center, Miami is a popular destination for annual conventions and conferences.

Some of the most popular tourist destinations in Miami include South Beach, Lincoln Road, Bayside Marketplace, Downtown Miami, and Brickell City Centre. The Art Deco District in Miami Beach is reputed as one of the most glamorous in the world for its nightclubs, beaches, historical buildings, and shopping. Annual events such as the Miami Open, Art Basel, the Winter Music Conference, the South Beach Wine and Food Festival, and Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week Miami attract millions to the metropolis every year.

Culture

 
Miami Beach skyline from the ocean

Miami enjoys a vibrant culture that is influenced by a diverse population from all around the world. Miami is known as the "Magic City" for seemingly popping up overnight due to its young age, massive growth, and its aesthetics of neon art deco. The city itself is infamous for its drug war in the early 1980s and its outrun aesthetics.[120] It is also nicknamed the "Capital of Latin America" because of its high population of Spanish-speakers.[121][122]

Miami has been the setting of numerous films and television shows, including Miami Vice, Cocaine Cowboys, Burn Notice, Jane the Virgin, Scarface, The Birdcage, Ace Ventura: Pet Detective, The Golden Girls, 2 Fast 2 Furious, and Dexter. Several video games, including Hotline Miami, the Gameloft racing game Asphalt Overdrive, Scarface: The World Is Yours, and the fictional Vice City in several video games across the Grand Theft Auto series, most notably Grand Theft Auto: Vice City, is based on Miami.[123]

Entertainment and performing arts

 
Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts, the second-largest performing arts center in the United States

In addition to annual festivals like the Calle Ocho Festival, Miami is home to many entertainment venues, theaters, museums, parks and performing arts centers. The newest addition to the Miami arts scene is the Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts, home of the Florida Grand Opera and the second-largest performing arts center in the United States after Lincoln Center in New York City.[124] The center attracts many large-scale operas, ballets, concerts, and musicals from around the world. Other performing arts venues in Miami include the Olympia Theater, Wertheim Performing Arts Center, the Fair Expo Center, the Tower Theater, and the Bayfront Park Amphitheater.

Another celebrated event is the Miami International Film Festival, taking place every year for 10 days around the first week of March, during which independent international and American films are screened across the city. Miami has over a half dozen independent film theaters.[125]

Miami attracts a large number of musicians, singers, actors, dancers, and orchestral players. The city has numerous orchestras, symphonies and performing art conservatories. These include the Florida Grand Opera, FIU School of Music, Frost School of Music, and the New World School of the Arts.

Miami is also a major fashion center, home to models and some of the top modeling agencies in the world. The city is host to many fashion shows and events, including the annual Miami Fashion Week and the Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week Miami, held in the Wynwood Art District.[126]

Miami will be having their first boat-in movie theater on Saturday, July 25, 2020.[127]

Museums and visual arts

 

Some of the museums in Miami include the Frost Art Museum, Frost Museum of Science, HistoryMiami, Institute of Contemporary Art, Miami Children's Museum, Pérez Art Museum, Lowe Art Museum, and the Vizcaya Museum and Gardens, a National Historic Landmark set on a 28-acre early 20th century estate in Coconut Grove.

Cuisine

The cuisine of Miami is a reflection of its diverse population, with a heavy influence from Caribbean and Latin American cuisine. By combining the two with American cuisine, it has spawned a unique South Florida style of cooking known as Floribbean cuisine. It is widely available throughout Miami and South Florida and can be found in restaurant chains such as Pollo Tropical.

Cuban immigrants in the 1960s originated the Cuban sandwich and brought medianoche, Cuban espresso, Bistec de palomilla, and croquetas, all of which have grown in popularity among all Miamians and have become symbols of the city's varied cuisine. Today, these are part of the local culture and can be found throughout the city at window cafés, particularly outside of supermarkets and restaurants.[128][129] Some of these locations, such as the Versailles restaurant in Little Havana, are landmark eateries of Miami. Located on the Atlantic Ocean, and with a long history as a seaport, Miami is also known for its seafood, with many seafood restaurants located along the Miami River and in and around Biscayne Bay.[130] The city is also the headquarters of restaurant chains such as Burger King and Benihana.

Dialect

The Miami area has a unique dialect, commonly called the "Miami accent", that is widely spoken. The accent developed among second- or third-generation Hispanics, including Cuban Americans, whose first language was English (though some non-Hispanic white, black, and other races who were born and raised in the Miami area tend to adopt it as well).[131] It is based on a fairly standard American accent but with some changes, very similar to dialects in the Mid-Atlantic (especially those in the New York area and Northern New Jersey, including New York Latino English). Unlike Virginia Piedmont, Coastal Southern American, Northeast American dialects and Florida Cracker dialect, "Miami accent" is rhotic; it also incorporates a rhythm and pronunciation heavily influenced by Spanish (wherein rhythm is syllable-timed).[132]

This is a native dialect of English, not learner English or interlanguage; it is possible to differentiate this variety from an interlanguage spoken by second-language speakers in that the "Miami accent" does not generally display the following features: there is no addition of /ɛ/ before initial consonant clusters with /s/, speakers do not confuse of /dʒ/ with /j/, (e.g., Yale with jail), and /r/ and /rr/ are pronounced as alveolar approximant [ɹ] instead of alveolar tap [ɾ] or alveolar trill [r] in Spanish.[133][134][135][136]

Sports

 

Miami's main five sports teams are Inter Miami CF of Major League Soccer (MLS),[137] the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League (NFL),[138] the Miami Heat of the National Basketball Association (NBA),[139] the Miami Marlins of Major League Baseball (MLB),[140] and the Florida Panthers of the National Hockey League (NHL).[141] The Miami Open, an annual tennis tournament, was previously held in Key Biscayne before moving to Hard Rock Stadium after the tournament was purchased by Miami Dolphins owner Stephen Ross in 2019. The city is home to numerous marinas, jai alai venues, and golf courses. The city streets have hosted professional auto races in the past, most notably the open-wheel Grand Prix of Miami, the sports car Grand Prix of Miami, and Miami Grand Prix of Formula One.[142] The Homestead-Miami Speedway oval hosts NASCAR races.[143]

The Heat and the Marlins play within Miami's city limits, at the FTX Arena in Downtown and LoanDepot Park in Little Havana, respectively. Marlins Park is built on the site of the old Miami Orange Bowl stadium.[144]

The Miami Dolphins play at Hard Rock Stadium in suburban Miami Gardens, while the Florida Panthers play in nearby Sunrise at the FLA Live Arena. Inter Miami CF plays at DRV PNK Stadium in nearby Fort Lauderdale, temporarily until a stadium is built in Miami.

The Orange Bowl, one of the major bowl games in the College Football Playoff of the NCAA, is played at Hard Rock Stadium every winter. The stadium has also hosted the Super Bowl; the Miami metro area has hosted the game a total of ten times (five times at the current Hard Rock Stadium and five at the Miami Orange Bowl), tying New Orleans for the most games.[145]

Miami is also the home of many college sports teams. The two largest are the University of Miami Hurricanes, whose football team plays at Hard Rock Stadium and Florida International University Panthers, whose football team plays at Ricardo Silva Stadium. The Hurricanes compete in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC), while the Panthers compete in the Conference USA of the National Collegiate Athletic Association.[146][147]

Miami is also home to Paso Fino horses, and competitions are held at Tropical Park Equestrian Center.[148]

Miami will serve as one of eleven US host cities for the 2026 FIFA World Cup. [149]

The following are the major professional sports teams in the Miami metropolitan area:

Miami major league professional sports teams
Club Sport Miami Area since League Venue League Championships
Miami Dolphins American football 1965 National Football League Hard Rock Stadium 1972 (VII), 1973 (VIII)
Florida Panthers Ice hockey 1993 National Hockey League FLA Live Arena
Miami Heat Basketball 1988 National Basketball Association FTX Arena 2006,[150] 2012,[151] 2013[152]
Miami Marlins Baseball 1993 Major League Baseball LoanDepot Park 1997, 2003
Inter Miami CF Soccer 2018 Major League Soccer DRV PNK Stadium

Beaches and parks

 
Bayfront Park on Biscayne Bay, February 2017

The City of Miami has various lands operated by the National Park Service, the Florida Division of Recreation and Parks, and the City of Miami Department of Parks and Recreation.

Miami's tropical weather allows for year-round outdoor activities. The city has numerous marinas, rivers, bays, canals, and the Atlantic Ocean, which make boating, canoeing, sailing, and fishing popular outdoor activities. Biscayne Bay has numerous coral reefs that make snorkeling and scuba diving popular. There are over 80 parks and gardens in the city.[153] The largest and most popular parks are Bayfront Park and Museum Park (located in the heart of Downtown and the location of the FTX Arena and Bayside Marketplace), Tropical Park, Peacock Park, Virginia Key, and Watson Island.

Other popular cultural destinations in or near Miami include Zoo Miami,[154] Jungle Island,[155] the Miami Seaquarium,[156] Monkey Jungle,[157] Coral Castle,[158] Charles Deering Estate,[159] Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, and Key Biscayne.

In its 2020 ParkScore ranking, The Trust for Public Land reported that the park system in the City of Miami was the 64th best park system among the 100 most populous US cities,[160] down slightly from 48th place in the 2017 ranking.[161] The City of Miami was analyzed to have a median park size of 2.6 acres, park land as percent of city area of 6.5%, 87% of residents living within a 10-minute walk of a park, $48.39 spending per capita of park services, and 1.3 playgrounds per 10,000 residents.[162]

Law and government

 
Miami City Hall, located at Dinner Key in Coconut Grove, is home to Miami's primary administrative offices.

The government of the City of Miami uses the mayor-commissioner type of system. The city commission consists of five commissioners that are elected from single member districts. The city commission constitutes the governing body with powers to pass ordinances, adopt regulations, and exercise all powers conferred upon the city in the city charter. The mayor is elected at large and appoints a city manager. The City of Miami is governed by Mayor Francis X. Suarez and 5 city commissioners that oversee the five districts in the city.[163] The commission's regular meetings are held at Miami City Hall, which is located at 3500 Pan American Drive on Dinner Key in the neighborhood of Coconut Grove. In the United States House of Representatives, Miami is represented by Republican Maria Elvira Salazar and Democrat Frederica Wilson.

City Commission

  1. Francis X. Suarez – Mayor of the City of Miami
Allapattah and Grapeland Heights
Arts & Entertainment District, Brickell, Coconut Grove, Coral Way, Downtown Miami, Edgewater, Midtown Miami, Park West and the South part Upper Eastside
Coral Way, Little Havana and The Roads
  • Manolo Reyes – Miami Commissioner, District 4
Coral Way, Flagami and West Flagler
  • Christine King – Miami Commissioner, District 5
Buena Vista, Design District, Liberty City, Little Haiti, Little River, Lummus Park, Overtown, Spring Garden and Wynwood and northern part of the Upper Eastside
  • Arthur Noriega – City Manager
  • Victoria Méndez – City Attorney
  • Todd B. Hannon – City Clerk

Education

Colleges and universities

 
Florida International University, with its main campus in nearby University Park, is the largest university in South Florida and the fourth largest university by enrollment in the U.S. It is also one of Florida's primary research universities.
 
Founded in 1925, the University of Miami in nearby Coral Gables is Florida's top ranked private institution of higher education.

Miami-Dade County has over 200,000 students enrolled in local colleges and universities, placing it seventh in the nation in per capita university enrollment. In 2010, the city's four largest colleges and universities, Miami Dade College, Florida International University, University of Miami, and Barry University, graduated 28,000 students.[164]

Miami is also home to both for-profit and nonprofit organizations that offer a range of professional training and other, related educational programs. Per Scholas, for example is a nonprofit organization that offers free professional certification training directed towards successfully passing CompTIA A+ and Network+ certification exams as a route to securing jobs and building careers.[165][166][167]

Colleges and universities in and around Miami:

  1. Barry University (private)[168]
  2. Broward College (public)[169]
  3. Carlos Albizu University (private)[170]
  4. Florida Atlantic University (public)[171]
  5. Florida International University (public)[172]
  6. Florida Memorial University (private)[173]
  7. Keiser University (private)[174]
  8. Manchester Business School (satellite location, UK public)[175]
  9. Miami Culinary Institute (public)[176]
  10. Miami Dade College (public)[177]
  11. Miami International University of Art & Design (private)[178]
  12. Nova Southeastern University (private)[179]
  13. Palm Beach State College (public)
  14. St. Thomas University (private)[180]
  15. Southeastern College (private)[181]
  16. Talmudic University (private)[182]
  17. University of Miami (private)[183]

Primary and secondary schools

 
Miami Senior High School, founded in 1903, is Miami's first high school.

Public schools in Miami are governed by Miami-Dade County Public Schools, which is the largest school district in Florida and the fourth-largest in the United States. As of September 2008 it has a student enrollment of 385,655 and over 392 schools and centers. The district is also the largest minority public school system in the country, with 60% of its students being of Hispanic origin, 28% Black or West Indian American, 10% White (non-Hispanic) and 2% non-white of other minorities.[184]

Miami is home to some of the nation's best high schools, such as Design and Architecture High School, ranked the nation's best magnet school, MAST Academy, Coral Reef High School, ranked 20th-best public high school in the U.S., Miami Palmetto High School, and the New World School of the Arts.[185] M-DCPS is also one of a few public school districts in the United States to offer optional bilingual education in Spanish, French, German, Haitian Creole, and Mandarin Chinese.

Miami is home to several well-known Roman Catholic, Jewish and non-denominational private schools. The Archdiocese of Miami operates the city's Catholic private schools, which include St. Hugh Catholic School, St. Agatha Catholic School, St. Theresa School, Immaculata-Lasalle High School, Monsignor Edward Pace High School, Archbishop Curley-Notre Dame High School, St. Brendan High School, among numerous other Catholic elementary and high schools.

Catholic preparatory schools operated by religious orders are Belen Jesuit Preparatory School and Christopher Columbus High School for boys and Carrollton School of the Sacred Heart and Our Lady of Lourdes Academy for girls.

Non-denominational private schools in Miami are Ransom Everglades, Gulliver Preparatory School, and Miami Country Day School. Other schools in the area include Samuel Scheck Hillel Community Day School, Dade Christian School, Palmer Trinity School, Westminster Christian School, and Riviera Schools.

Supplementary education

The Miami Hoshuko, is a part-time Japanese school for Japanese citizens and ethnic Japanese people in the area. Previously it was located on Virginia Key, at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science.[186] Currently the school holds classes in Westchester and has offices in Doral.[187]

Media

 
The former headquarters of The Miami Herald on Biscayne Bay

Miami has one of the largest television markets in the nation and the second largest in the state of Florida after Tampa Bay.[188] Miami has several major newspapers, the main and largest newspaper being The Miami Herald. El Nuevo Herald is the major and largest Spanish-language newspaper. The Miami Herald and El Nuevo Herald are Miami's and South Florida's main, major and largest newspapers. The papers left their longtime home in Downtown Miami in 2013. The newspapers are now headquartered at the former home of U.S. Southern Command in Doral.[189]

Other major newspapers include Miami Today, headquartered in Brickell, Miami New Times, headquartered in Midtown, Miami SunPost, South Florida Business Journal, and The Miami Times. An additional Spanish-language newspaper, Diario Las Americas also serves Miami. Student newspapers from the local universities include the University of Miami's The Miami Hurricane, Florida International University's The Beacon, Miami-Dade College's The Metropolis, and Barry University's The Buccaneer. Many neighborhoods and neighboring areas also have their own local newspapers, such as the Aventura News, Coral Gables Tribune, Biscayne Bay Tribune, Biscayne Times, and the Palmetto Bay News.[citation needed]

A number of magazines circulate throughout the greater Miami area, including Miami Monthly, Southeast Florida's only city/regional, and Ocean Drive, a hot-spot social scene glossy.

Miami is also the headquarters and main production city of many of the world's largest television networks, record label companies, broadcasting companies and production facilities, such as Telemundo, Univision, Univision Communications, Mega TV, Universal Music Latin Entertainment, RCTV International and Sunbeam Television. In 2009, Univision announced plans to build a new production studio in Miami, dubbed Univision Studios. Univision Studios is currently headquartered in Miami, and will produce programming for all of Univision Communications' television networks.[190]

Miami is the twelfth largest radio market[191] and the seventeenth largest television market[192] in the United States. Television stations serving the Miami area include WAMI (UniMás), WBFS (Independent), WSFL (The CW), WFOR (CBS O&O), WHFT (TBN), WLTV (Univision), WPLG (ABC), WPXM (Ion), WSCV (Telemundo), WSVN (Fox), WTVJ (NBC O&O), WPBT (PBS), and WLRN (also PBS).

Transportation

According to the 2016 American Community Survey, 72.3% of working city of Miami residents commuted by driving alone, 8.7% carpooled, 9% used public transportation, and 3.7% walked. About 1.8% used all other forms of transportation, including taxicab, motorcycle, and bicycle. About 4.5% of working city of Miami residents worked at home.[193] In 2015, 19.9% of city of Miami households were without a car, which decreased to 18.6% in 2016. The national average was 8.7 percent in 2016. Miami averaged 1.24 cars per household in 2016, compared to a national average of 1.8 per household.[194]

Expressways and roads

 
 
State Road 886, also known as Port Boulevard, connects Downtown Miami and PortMiami over Biscayne Bay.

Miami's road system is based along the numerical Miami grid where Flagler Street forms the east–west baseline and Miami Avenue forms the north–south meridian. The corner of Flagler Street and Miami Avenue is in the middle of Downtown in front of the Downtown Macy's (formerly the Burdine's headquarters). The Miami grid is primarily numerical so that, for example, all street addresses north of Flagler Street and west of Miami Avenue have "NW" in their address. Because its point of origin is in Downtown, which is close to the coast, the "NW" and "SW" quadrants are much larger than the "SE" and "NE" quadrants. Many roads, especially major ones, are also named (e.g., Tamiami Trail/SW 8th St), although, with exceptions, the number is in more common usage among locals.

With few exceptions, within this grid north–south roads are designated as Courts, Roads, Avenues or Places (often remembered by their acronym), while east–west roads are Streets, Terraces, Drives or occasionally Ways. Major roads in each direction are located at one mile intervals. There are 16 blocks to each mile on north–south avenues, and 10 blocks to each mile on east–west streets. Major north–south avenues generally end in "7" – e.g., 17th, 27th, 37th/Douglas Aves., 57th/Red Rd., 67th/Ludlam, 87th/Galloway, etc., all the way west beyond 177th/Krome Avenue. (One prominent exception is 42nd Avenue, LeJeune Road, located at the half-mile point instead.) Major east–west streets to the south of Downtown are multiples of 16, though the beginning point of this system is at SW 8th St, one half-mile south of Flagler ("zeroth") Street. Thus, major streets are at 8th St., 24th St./Coral Way, 40th St./Bird, 56th/Miller, 72nd/ Sunset, 88th/N. Kendall, 104th (originally S. Kendall), 120th/Montgomery, 136th/Howard, 152nd/Coral Reef, 168th/Richmond, 184th/Eureka, 200th/Quail Roost, 216th/Hainlin Mill, 232nd/Silver Palm, 248th/Coconut Palm, etc., well into the 300s. Within the grid, odd-numbered addresses are generally on the north or east side, and even-numbered addresses are on the south or west side.

All streets and avenues in Miami-Dade County follow the Miami grid, with a few exceptions, most notably in Coral Gables, Hialeah, Coconut Grove and Miami Beach. One neighborhood, The Roads, is named as such because its streets run off the Miami grid at a 45-degree angle, and therefore are all named roads.

Miami-Dade County is served by four Interstate Highways (I-75, I-95, I-195, I-395) and several U.S. Highways including U.S. Route 1, U.S. Route 27, U.S. Route 41, and U.S. Route 441.

Some of the major Florida State Roads (and their common names) serving Miami are:

Miami has six major causeways that span over Biscayne Bay connecting the western mainland, with the eastern barrier islands along the Atlantic Ocean. The Rickenbacker Causeway is the southernmost causeway and connects Brickell to Virginia Key and Key Biscayne. The Venetian Causeway and MacArthur Causeway connect Downtown with South Beach. The Julia Tuttle Causeway connects Midtown and Miami Beach. The 79th Street Causeway connects the Upper East Side with North Beach. The northernmost causeway, the Broad Causeway, is the smallest of Miami's six causeways and connects North Miami to Bay Harbor Islands and Bal Harbour.

In 2007, Miami was identified as having the rudest drivers in the United States, the second year in a row to have been cited, in a poll commissioned by automobile club AutoVantage.[195] Miami is also consistently ranked as one of the most dangerous cities in the United States for pedestrians.[196]

Public transportation

 
Miami's Metrorail is the city's rapid transit system and connects Miami with its outlying suburbs.
 
Tri-Rail is Miami's commuter rail that runs north–south from Miami's suburbs in West Palm Beach to Miami International Airport.

Public transportation in Miami is operated by Miami-Dade Transit and SFRTA, and includes commuter rail (Tri-Rail), heavy-rail rapid transit (Metrorail), an elevated people mover (Metromover), and buses (Metrobus). Miami has Florida's highest transit ridership as about 17% of Miamians use transit on a daily basis.[197] The average Miami public transit commute on weekdays is 90 minutes, while 39% of public transit riders commute for more than 2 hours a day. The average wait time at a public transit stop or station is 18 minutes, while 37% of riders wait for more than 20 minutes on average every day. The average single trip distance with public transit is 7.46 mi (12 km), while 38% travel more than 8.08 mi (13 km) in each direction.[198]

Miami's heavy-rail rapid transit system, Metrorail, is an elevated system comprising two lines and 23 stations on a 24.4-mile (39.3 km)-long line. Metrorail connects the urban western suburbs of Hialeah, Medley, and inner-city Miami with suburban The Roads, Coconut Grove, Coral Gables, South Miami, and urban Kendall via the central business districts of Miami International Airport, the Health District, and Downtown. A free, elevated people mover, Metromover, operates 21 stations on three different lines in greater Downtown Miami, with a station at roughly every two blocks of Downtown and Brickell. Several expansion projects are being funded by a transit development sales tax surcharge throughout Miami-Dade County.

Tri-Rail, a commuter rail system operated by the South Florida Regional Transportation Authority (SFRTA), runs from Miami International Airport northward to West Palm Beach, making eighteen stops throughout Miami-Dade, Broward, and Palm Beach counties.

The Miami Intermodal Center is a massive transportation hub servicing Metrorail, Amtrak, Tri-Rail, Metrobus, Greyhound Lines, taxis, rental cars, MIA Mover, private automobiles, bicycles and pedestrians adjacent to Miami International Airport. Miami Intermodal Center was completed in 2010, and is serving about 150,000 commuters and travelers in the Miami area. Phase I of MiamiCentral Station was completed in 2012, and the Tri-Rail part of Phase II was completed in 2015, but the construction of the Amtrak part remains delayed.

Two new light rail systems, Baylink and the Miami Streetcar, have been proposed and are currently in the planning stage. BayLink would connect Downtown with South Beach, and the Miami Streetcar would connect Downtown with Midtown.

Miami is the southern terminus of Amtrak's Atlantic Coast services, running two lines, the Silver Meteor and the Silver Star, both terminating in New York City. The Miami Amtrak Station is located in the suburb of Hialeah near the Tri-Rail/Metrorail Station on NW 79 St and NW 38 Ave. Current construction of the Miami Central Station will move all Amtrak operations from its current out-of-the-way location to a centralized location with Metrorail, MIA Mover, Tri-Rail, Miami International Airport, and the Miami Intermodal Center all within the same station closer to Downtown. The station was expected to be completed by 2012,[199] but experienced several delays and was later expected to be completed in late 2014,[200] again pushed back to early 2015.[201]

Airports

 
Miami International Airport is the nation's 10th largest airport.

Miami International Airport serves as the primary international airport of the Greater Miami Area. One of the busiest international airports in the world because of its centric location, Miami International Airport caters to over 45 million passengers a year. The airport is a major hub and the largest international gateway for American Airlines. Miami International is the second busiest airport by passenger traffic in Florida, the United States' third-largest international port of entry for foreign air passengers behind New York's John F. Kennedy International Airport and Los Angeles International Airport. The airport's extensive international route network includes non-stop flights to over seventy international cities in North and South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Middle East.[202]

Alternatively, nearby Fort Lauderdale–Hollywood International Airport and Palm Beach International Airport also serve commercial traffic in the Miami area.[203] Miami-Opa Locka Executive Airport in Opa-locka and Miami Executive Airport in an unincorporated area southwest of Miami serve general aviation traffic in the Miami area.

Cycling and walking

The city government under former mayor Manny Diaz took an ambitious stance in support of bicycling in Miami for both recreation and commuting.[204] In 2010, Miami was ranked as the 44th-most bike-friendly city in the US according to Bicycling Magazine.[205]

A 2011 study by Walk Score ranked Miami the eighth-most walkable of the fifty largest cities in the U.S.[206]

Public safety

International relations

Sister cities

Cooperation agreements

Notable people

Notes

  1. ^ Bahamians were farming along the Miami River before 1830. Richard Fitzpatrick established a plantation there in 1830, but abandoned it when the Second Seminole War (1835–1843) began. The U.S. Army established Fort Dallas there in 1836, but left the fort in 1841. William English reopened Fitzpatrick's plantation after the war and sold city lots, but left the area at the end of the 1840s. The Army returned to the fort in 1849–1851, and again for the Third Seminole War (1855–1858).[3][4]
  2. ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
  3. ^ Official records for Miami were kept at the Lemon City from September 1895 to November 1900, the Miami COOP from December 1900 to May 1911, the Weather Bureau Office from June 1911 to February 1937, at various locations in and around the city from March 1937 to July 1942, and at Miami Int'l since August 1942. For more information, see ThreadEx.

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Further reading

  • Elizabeth M. Aranda, Sallie Hughes, and Elena Sabogal, Making a Life in Multiethnic Miami: Immigration and the Rise of a Global City. Boulder, Colorado: Renner, 2014.

External links

  • City of Miami – official site
  • Greater Miami Convention and Visitors Bureau

miami, this, article, about, city, florida, other, uses, disambiguation, officially, city, known, magic, city, gateway, americas, major, city, coastal, metropolis, county, seat, dade, county, south, florida, united, states, with, population, 2020, census, seco. This article is about the city in Florida For other uses see Miami disambiguation Miami m aɪ ˈ ae m i my AM ee officially the City of Miami known as the 305 The Magic City and Gateway to the Americas is a major city a coastal metropolis and the county seat of Miami Dade County in South Florida United States With a population of 442 241 at the 2020 census 6 it is the second most populous city in Florida and the eleventh most populous city in the Southeastern United States The Miami metropolitan area is the ninth largest in the U S with a population of 6 138 million in 2020 7 The city has the third largest skyline in the U S with over 300 high rises 11 58 of which exceed 491 ft 150 m 12 MiamiCityBrickellFreedom TowerFTX ArenaOcean DriveVizcaya Museum and GardensPortMiamiFlagSealLogoNicknames The 305 Magic City Gateway to the Americas Gateway to Latin America Capital of Latin America 1 The 305 and Vice CityInteractive map outlining MiamiMiamiLocation within the state of FloridaShow map of FloridaMiamiLocation within the United StatesShow map of the United StatesMiamiLocation within North AmericaShow map of North AmericaCoordinates 25 46 31 N 80 12 31 W 25 775163 N 80 208615 W 25 775163 80 208615 Coordinates 25 46 31 N 80 12 31 W 25 775163 N 80 208615 W 25 775163 80 208615 2 CountryUnited StatesStateFloridaConstituent counties County Miami DadeRegionSouth AtlanticSettledAfter 1858 a IncorporatedJuly 28 1896Founded byJulia TuttleNamed forMayaimiGovernment TypeMayor Commission MayorFrancis X Suarez R Area 5 Total56 07 sq mi 145 23 km2 Land36 00 sq mi 93 23 km2 Water20 08 sq mi 52 00 km2 Metro6 137 sq mi 15 890 km2 Elevation6 ft 1 8 m Highest elevation42 ft 12 8 m Population 2020 6 Total442 241 Estimate 2021 6 439 890 Rank44th in the United States2nd in Florida Density12 284 47 sq mi 4 743 55 km2 Urban6 077 522 US 4th Urban density4 884 8 sq mi 1 886 0 km2 Metro 7 6 091 747 US 9th DemonymMiamianTime zoneUTC 05 00 EST Summer DST UTC 04 00ZIP Codes33101 33102 33106 33109 33111 33112 33114 33116 33119 33122 33124 33138 33140 33147 33149 33158 33160 33170 33172 33199 33206 33222 33231 33233 33234 33238 33239 33242 33243 33245 33247 33255 33257 33261 33265 33266 33269 33280 33283 33296 33299Area code s 305 and 786FIPS code12 45000GNIS feature ID277593 2411786International airportsMiami International AirportFort Lauderdale Hollywood International AirportPalm Beach International AirportCommuter railTri Rail BrightlineRapid transitGDP City 2019 151 billion 8 14th GMP Metro 2020 377 5 billion 9 10 12th Websitemiamigov comMiami is a major center and leader in finance commerce culture arts and international trade 13 14 Miami s metropolitan area is by far the largest urban economy in Florida and the 12th largest in the U S with a GDP of 344 9 billion as of 2017 15 According to a 2018 UBS study of 77 world cities Miami is the second richest city in the U S and third richest globally in purchasing power 16 Miami is a majority minority city with a Hispanic population of 310 472 or 70 2 percent of the city s population as of 2020 17 Downtown Miami has one of the largest concentrations of international banks in the U S and is home to many large national and international companies 18 The Health District is home to several major University of Miami affiliated hospital and health facilities including Jackson Memorial Hospital the nation s largest hospital with 1 547 beds 19 and the Leonard M Miller School of Medicine the University of Miami s academic medical center and teaching hospital and others engaged in health related care and research PortMiami the city s seaport is the busiest cruise port in the world in both passenger traffic and cruise lines 20 Miami is the second largest tourism hub for international visitors after New York City 21 Miami has sometimes been called the Gateway to Latin America because of the magnitude of its commercial and cultural ties to the region 22 In 2019 Miami ranked seventh in the U S in business activity human capital information exchange cultural experience and political engagement 23 Contents 1 Toponymy 2 History 2 1 Settlement 2 2 Founding 2 3 20th century 3 Geography 3 1 Geology 3 2 Cityscape 3 2 1 Neighborhoods 3 3 Climate 4 Demographics 4 1 Culture 4 2 Other demographics 5 Economy 5 1 PortMiami 5 2 Tourism and conventions 6 Culture 6 1 Entertainment and performing arts 6 2 Museums and visual arts 6 3 Cuisine 6 4 Dialect 7 Sports 8 Beaches and parks 9 Law and government 9 1 City Commission 10 Education 10 1 Colleges and universities 10 2 Primary and secondary schools 10 3 Supplementary education 11 Media 12 Transportation 12 1 Expressways and roads 12 2 Public transportation 12 3 Airports 12 4 Cycling and walking 12 5 Public safety 13 International relations 13 1 Sister cities 13 2 Cooperation agreements 14 Notable people 15 Notes 16 References 17 Further reading 18 External linksToponymy EditMiami was named in 1896 after the Miami River derived from Mayaimi the historic name of Lake Okeechobee and the Native Americans who lived around it 24 History EditMain article History of Miami For a chronological guide see Timeline of Miami See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Miami In 1896 approximately 400 men gathered in the building pictured to the left and voted to incorporate Miami The mouth of Miami River at Brickell Key February 2010 The Tequesta tribe occupied the Miami area for around 2 000 years before contact with Europeans A village of hundreds of people dating to 500 600 BCE was located at the mouth of the Miami River It is believed that the entire tribe migrated to Cuba by the mid 1700s 25 Settlement Edit In 1566 admiral Pedro Menendez de Aviles Florida s first governor claimed the area for Spain A Spanish mission was constructed one year later Spain and Britain successively ruled Florida until Spain ceded it to the United States in 1821 In 1836 the U S built Fort Dallas on the banks of the Miami River as part of their development of the Florida Territory and their attempt to suppress and remove the Seminoles As a result the Miami area became a site of fighting in the Second Seminole War Founding Edit Miami is noted as the only major city in the United States founded by a woman Julia Tuttle a local citrus grower and a wealthy Cleveland native was the original owner of the land upon which the city was built 26 In the late 19th century the area was known as Biscayne Bay Country and reports described it as a promising wilderness and one of the finest building sites in Florida 27 28 The Great Freeze of 1894 1895 hastened Miami s growth as the crops there were the only ones in Florida that survived Julia Tuttle subsequently convinced railroad tycoon Henry Flagler to extend his Florida East Coast Railway to the region for which she became known as the mother of Miami 29 30 Miami was officially incorporated as a city on July 28 1896 with a population of just over 300 31 African American labor played a crucial role in Miami s early development 20th century Edit See also Cuban migration to Miami During the early 20th century migrants from the Bahamas and African Americans constituted 40 percent of the city s population 32 25 Despite their role in the city s growth their community was limited to a small space When landlords began to rent homes to African Americans around Avenue J what would later become NW Fifth Avenue a gang of white men with torches marched through the neighborhood and warned the residents to move or be bombed 32 33 Miami prospered during the 1920s with an increase in population and development in infrastructure as northerners moved to the city The legacy of Jim Crow was embedded in these developments Miami s chief of police at the time H Leslie Quigg did not hide the fact that he like many other white Miami police officers was a member of the Ku Klux Klan Unsurprisingly these officers enforced social codes far beyond the written law Quigg for example personally and publicly beat a colored bellboy to death for speaking directly to a white woman 32 53 33 The collapse of the Florida land boom of the 1920s the 1926 Miami Hurricane and the Great Depression in the 1930s slowed development When World War II began Miami became a base for U S defense against German submarines due to its prime location on the southern coast of Florida This brought an increase in Miami s population 172 172 people lived in the city by 1940 The city s nickname The Magic City came from its rapid growth which was noticed by winter visitors who remarked that the city grew so much from one year to the next that it was like magic 34 After Fidel Castro rose to power in Cuba following the Revolution in 1959 many wealthy Cubans sought refuge in Miami further increasing the city s population The city s national profile expanded dramatically in the 1970s particularly in 1972 35 The region hosted both the Democratic and Republican National Conventions in the 1972 Presidential election The Miami Dolphins also made history with their undefeated perfect season The area s educational and cultural institutions had also developed significantly in this period positioning the city to service a larger and increasingly international populace 35 Miami also developed new businesses and cultural amenities as part of the New South in the 1980s and 1990s At the same time South Florida weathered social problems related to drug wars immigration from Haiti and Latin America and the widespread destruction of Hurricane Andrew 36 34 Racial and cultural tensions sometimes sparked but the city developed in the latter half of the 20th century as a major international financial and cultural center It is the second largest U S city with a Spanish speaking majority after El Paso Texas and the largest city with a Cuban American plurality 37 38 Geography EditMiami and its suburbs are located on a broad plain between the Everglades to the west and Biscayne Bay to the east which extends from Lake Okeechobee southward to Florida Bay The elevation of the area averages at around 6 ft 1 8 m 39 above sea level in most neighborhoods especially near the coast The highest points are found along the Miami Rock Ridge which lies under most of the eastern Miami metro The main portion of the city is on the shores of Biscayne Bay which contains several hundred natural and artificial barrier islands the largest of which contains Miami Beach and South Beach The Gulf Stream a warm ocean current runs northward just 15 miles 24 km off the coast allowing the city s climate to stay warm and mild all year Geology Edit The surface bedrock under the Miami area is called Miami oolite or Miami limestone This bedrock is covered by a thin layer of soil and is no more than 50 feet 15 m thick Miami limestone formed as the result of the drastic changes in sea level associated with recent glacial periods or ice ages Beginning some 130 000 years ago the Sangamonian Stage raised sea levels to approximately 25 feet 8 m above the current level All of southern Florida was covered by a shallow sea Several parallel lines of reef formed along the edge of the submerged Florida plateau stretching from the present Miami area to what is now the Dry Tortugas The area behind this reef line was in fact a large lagoon and the Miami limestone formed throughout the area from the deposition of oolites and the shells of bryozoans Starting about 100 000 years ago the Wisconsin glaciation began lowering sea levels exposing the floor of the lagoon By 15 000 years ago the sea level had dropped 300 to 350 feet 90 to 110 m below the current level The sea level rose quickly after that stabilizing at the current level about 4 000 years ago leaving the mainland of South Florida just above sea level 40 Beneath the plain lies the Biscayne Aquifer a natural underground source of fresh water that extends from southern Palm Beach County to Florida Bay It comes closest to the surface around the cities of Miami Springs and Hialeah 41 Most of the Miami metropolitan area obtains its drinking water from the Biscayne Aquifer As a result of the aquifer it is not possible to dig more than 15 to 20 ft 5 to 6 m beneath the city without hitting water which impedes underground construction though some underground parking garages exist For this reason the mass transit systems in and around Miami are elevated or at grade 40 Most of the western fringes of the city border the Everglades a tropical marshland covering most of the southern portion of Florida Alligators that live in the marshes have ventured into Miami communities and onto major highways 40 Cityscape Edit See also List of tallest buildings in Miami and Miami Modern architecture Downtown Miami seen from Virginia Key 2014 Northern Downtown Miami overlooking Interstate 95 2014 Downtown as seen from PortMiami 2009 Neighborhoods Edit Main article Neighborhoods in Miami View from one of the higher points in Miami west of Downtown Miami The highest natural point in the city of Miami is in Coconut Grove near Biscayne Bay along the Miami Rock Ridge at 24 feet 7 3 m above sea level 42 The historic district of Downtown Miami is one of the city s oldest with buildings constructed as far back as 1896 Map of Miami neighborhoods Miami is split roughly into north south west and Downtown areas The heart of the city is Downtown Miami which is on the eastern side and includes the neighborhoods of Brickell Virginia Key Watson Island as well as PortMiami Downtown Miami is Florida s largest and most influential central business district with many major banks courthouses financial headquarters cultural and tourist attractions schools parks and a large residential population Brickell Avenue has the largest concentration of international banks in the United States Just northwest of Downtown is the Health District which is Miami s center for hospitals research institutes and biotechnology with hospitals such as Jackson Memorial Hospital Bascom Palmer Eye Institute and the University of Miami s Leonard M Miller School of Medicine 43 The southern side of Miami includes the neighborhoods of Coral Way The Roads and Coconut Grove Coral Way is a historic residential neighborhood built in 1922 between Downtown and Coral Gables and is home to many old homes and tree lined streets Coconut Grove established in 1825 is a historic neighborhood with narrow winding roads and a heavy tree canopy 43 44 It is the location of Miami s City Hall at Dinner Key the former Coconut Grove Playhouse CocoWalk and the Coconut Grove Convention Center It is also home to many nightclubs bars restaurants and bohemian shops which makes it very popular with local college students Coconut Grove is known for its many parks and gardens such as Vizcaya Museum The Kampong The Barnacle Historic State Park and numerous other historic homes and estates 43 The western side of Miami includes the neighborhoods of Little Havana West Flagler and Flagami Although at one time a mostly Jewish neighborhood today western Miami is home to immigrants from mostly Central America and Cuba while the west central neighborhood of Allapattah is a multicultural community of many ethnicities 43 The northern side of Miami includes Midtown a district with a great mix of diversity ranging from West Indians to Hispanics to European Americans The Edgewater neighborhood of Midtown is mostly composed of high rise residential towers and is home to the Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts Wynwood is an art district with ten galleries in former warehouses as well as a large outdoor mural project The wealthier residents of Miami usually live in the Design District and the Upper Eastside which has many 1920s homes as well as examples of Miami Modern architecture in the MiMo Historic District 45 The northern side of Miami also has notable African American and Caribbean immigrant communities including Little Haiti Overtown home of the Lyric Theater and Liberty City 43 Climate Edit Main article Climate of Miami Summer afternoon thunderstorm rolling into Miami from the Everglades January 2009 Miami has a tropical monsoon climate Koppen climate classification Am 46 47 with hot and wet summers and warm and dry winters The city s sea level elevation coastal location position just above the Tropic of Cancer and proximity to the Gulf Stream shape its climate Average winter high temperatures from December to March range from 76 4 80 3 F 24 7 26 8 C January is the coolest month with an average daily temperature of 68 2 F 20 1 C Low temperatures fall below 50 F 10 C about 3 to 4 nights during the winter season citation needed after the passage of cold fronts that produce what little rainfall that falls in the winter There are two basic seasons in Miami a hot and wet season from May through October and a warm and dry season from November through April During the hot and wet season daily thundershowers occur in the humid unstable air masses The wet season in Miami is defined as the period during which the average daily dew point temperature is above 70 F 21 C The rainy season typically begins on the first day that occurs or within a few days later Similarly daily rainfall in Miami decreases sharply when the average daily dew point falls to 70 F 21 C or below although in some years a stalled front to the south of the Florida peninsula may cause rains to continue for a few more days During the years 1956 to 1997 the date summer began ranged from April 16 to June 3 with a median date of May 21 During those same years the date summer ended ranged from September 24 to November 1 with a median date of October 17 48 During the summer temperatures range from the mid 80s to low 90s F 29 35 C and are accompanied by high humidity though the heat is often relieved in the afternoon by thunderstorms or a sea breeze that develops off the Atlantic Ocean Much of the year s 61 9 inches 1 572 mm of rainfall occurs during this period Dew points in the warm months range from 71 9 F 22 2 C in June to 73 7 F 23 2 C in August 49 Extremes range from 27 F 2 8 C on February 3 1917 to 100 F 38 C on July 21 1942 50 While Miami has never recorded snowfall at any official weather station since records have been kept snow flurries fell in some parts of the city on January 19 1977 51 52 53 54 The coldest daytime maximum temperature on record is 45 F 7 C in 1989 while the coldest maximum temperature average between 1991 and 2020 stood at 59 F 15 C 49 The warmest overnight low measured is 84 F 29 C on several occasions 49 The stability of summer overnight lows is underlined by the mean maximum annual overnight low is just one degree lower 49 Hurricane season officially runs from June 1 through November 30 although hurricanes can develop beyond those dates The most likely time for Miami to be hit is during the peak of the Cape Verde season which is mid August through the end of September 55 Although tornadoes are uncommon in the area one struck in 1925 and another in 1997 Around 40 of homes in Miami are built upon floodplains and are considered as flood risk zones 56 Miami falls under the Department of Agriculture s 10b 11a plant hardiness zone 57 Miami is one of the major coastal cities and major cities in the United States that will be most affected by climate change 58 59 Globally it is one of the most at risk cities as well according to a 2020 report by Resources for the Future 60 61 Global sea level rise which in Miami is projected to be 21 inches 53 cm to 40 inches 100 cm by 2070 will lead to an increase in storm damage more intense flooding and will threaten the city s water supply 62 63 64 Other potential impacts of climate change include higher hurricane wind speeds and severe thunderstorms which can bring about hail or tornadoes 61 Some protective efforts are in place including nourishing beaches and adding protective barriers raising buildings and roads that are vulnerable and restoring natural habitats such as wetlands 61 Miami Beach has invested 500 million to protect roads buildings and water systems 61 Real estate prices in Miami already reflect the increase in prices for real estate at a higher elevation within the city compared to real estate at a lower elevation 65 vteClimate data for Miami International Airport 1991 2020 normals b extremes 1895 present c Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high F C 88 31 89 32 93 34 97 36 98 37 98 37 100 38 98 37 97 36 95 35 91 33 89 32 100 38 Mean maximum F C 84 4 29 1 85 8 29 9 89 0 31 7 90 7 32 6 92 8 33 8 94 2 34 6 94 7 34 8 94 5 34 7 93 2 34 0 90 9 32 7 87 0 30 6 84 9 29 4 95 8 35 4 Average high F C 76 2 24 6 78 2 25 7 80 6 27 0 83 6 28 7 86 7 30 4 89 3 31 8 90 6 32 6 90 7 32 6 89 0 31 7 85 9 29 9 81 3 27 4 78 2 25 7 84 2 29 0 Daily mean F C 68 6 20 3 70 7 21 5 73 1 22 8 76 7 24 8 80 1 26 7 82 8 28 2 84 1 28 9 84 2 29 0 83 0 28 3 80 1 26 7 74 8 23 8 71 2 21 8 77 4 25 2 Average low F C 61 0 16 1 63 2 17 3 65 6 18 7 69 8 21 0 73 4 23 0 76 3 24 6 77 5 25 3 77 7 25 4 76 9 24 9 74 2 23 4 68 3 20 2 64 3 17 9 70 7 21 5 Mean minimum F C 45 1 7 3 48 5 9 2 52 3 11 3 59 6 15 3 66 7 19 3 71 5 21 9 72 5 22 5 72 8 22 7 72 7 22 6 65 0 18 3 55 7 13 2 49 7 9 8 42 5 5 8 Record low F C 28 2 27 3 32 0 39 4 50 10 60 16 66 19 67 19 62 17 45 7 36 2 30 1 27 3 Average precipitation inches mm 1 83 46 2 15 55 2 46 62 3 36 85 6 32 161 10 51 267 7 36 187 9 58 243 10 22 260 7 65 194 3 53 90 2 44 62 67 41 1 712 Average precipitation days 0 01 in 7 7 6 5 6 3 6 9 10 8 17 6 17 3 19 4 18 1 13 8 8 6 8 0 141 0Average relative humidity 72 7 70 9 69 5 67 3 71 6 76 2 74 8 76 2 77 8 74 9 73 8 72 5 73 2Average dew point F C 57 6 14 2 57 6 14 2 60 4 15 8 62 6 17 0 67 6 19 8 72 0 22 2 73 0 22 8 73 8 23 2 73 2 22 9 68 7 20 4 63 9 17 7 59 2 15 1 65 8 18 8 Mean monthly sunshine hours 219 8 216 9 277 2 293 8 301 3 288 7 308 7 288 3 262 2 260 2 220 8 216 1 3 154Percent possible sunshine 66 69 75 77 72 70 73 71 71 73 68 66 71Source NOAA relative humidity dew point and sun 1961 1990 49 66 67 The Weather Channel 68 Demographics EditMain article Demographics of Miami Further information Cuban migration to Miami Historical populationCensus Pop 19001 681 19105 471225 5 192029 571440 5 1930110 637274 1 1940172 17255 6 1950249 27644 8 1960291 68817 0 1970334 85914 8 1980346 6813 5 1990358 5483 4 2000362 4701 1 2010399 45710 2 2020442 24110 7 2021 est 439 890 6 0 5 U S Decennial Census 69 2010 2020 6 Demographic profile 70 2020 71 2010 2000 1990 1980 1970 1960 1950 1940 1930 1920 1910White Includes White Hispanics 65 4 72 6 66 6 65 6 66 6 76 6 77 4 83 7 78 5 77 3 68 5 58 7 Hispanics 72 5 70 0 65 8 62 5 55 9 44 6 17 6 Black or African American 16 0 19 2 22 3 27 4 25 1 22 7 22 4 16 2 21 4 22 7 31 3 41 3 Non Hispanic White 11 5 11 9 11 8 12 2 19 4 41 7 Other 4 2 5 6 6 4 7 8 0 4 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1Asian 1 3 1 0 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 3 Religion in the Miami Metro Area 2014 72 Protestantism 39 Catholicism 27 Mormonism 0 5 Eastern Orthodoxy 0 5 Jehovah s Witnesses 1 Other Christian 1 No religion 21 Judaism 9 Other religion 1 Miami demographics2020 census Miami 73 Miami Dade County 74 FloridaTotal population 442 241 2 701 767 21 538 187Population percent change 2010 to 2020 10 7 8 2 14 6 Population density 12 284 5 sq mi 4 743 1 km2 1 422 9 sq mi 549 4 km2 402 0 sq mi 155 2 km2 White or Caucasian including White Hispanic 65 4 82 7 69 4 Hispanic or Latino of any race 72 5 69 1 26 5 Black or African American 16 0 17 4 15 1 Non Hispanic White or Caucasian 11 5 13 6 57 7 Asian 1 3 1 6 3 0 Native American or Native Alaskan 0 3 0 06 0 4 Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian 0 0 0 01 0 1 Two or more races Multiracial 12 6 1 3 16 5 Some Other Race 4 2 0 5 7 3 The city is home to less than one thirteenth of the population of South Florida Miami is the 44th most populous city in the United States The Miami metropolitan area which includes Miami Dade Broward and Palm Beach counties has a population of 6 1 million people ranking eighth in the United States 75 Map of racial ethnic distribution in Miami 2010 U S Census Each dot is 25 people Non Hispanic White Black Asian Hispanic Other In 1960 people of Hispanic origin made up about 5 of the population of Miami Dade County Between 1960 and 2000 Hispanics accounted for 90 of the population growth in the county and their share of the county s population grew to more than 57 by 2000 76 In 1970 the Census Bureau reported Miami s population as 45 Hispanic 41 7 non Hispanic white and 22 7 black 77 Miami s explosive population growth has been driven by internal migration from other parts of the country primarily up until the 1980s as well as by immigration primarily from the 1960s to the 1990s Today immigration to Miami has continued and Miami s growth today is attributed greatly to its fast urbanization and high rise construction which has increased its inner city neighborhood population densities such as in Downtown Brickell and Edgewater where one area in Downtown alone saw a 2 069 increase in population in the 2010 Census Miami is regarded as more of a multicultural mosaic than it is a melting pot with residents still maintaining much of or some of their cultural traits The overall culture of Miami is heavily influenced by its large population from the Caribbean and South America 78 Culture Edit See also Music of Miami Miami has a minority majority population as non Hispanic whites comprised only 11 5 of the total As of the 2020 census the racial makeup of the population of Miami was 65 4 White American including White Hispanic 16 0 black or African American 1 3 Asian American and the remainder belonged to other groups or was of mixed ancestry The 2020 US Census reported that Hispanic or Latino residents of any race made up 72 5 of Miami s population 79 In 2010 34 4 of city residents were of Cuban origin 15 8 had a Central American background 7 2 Nicaraguan 5 8 Honduran 1 2 Salvadoran and 1 0 Guatemalan 8 7 were of South American descent 3 2 Colombian 1 4 Venezuelan 1 2 Peruvian 1 2 Argentine 1 0 Chilean and 0 7 Ecuadorian 4 0 had other Hispanic or Latino origins 0 5 Spaniard 3 2 descended from Puerto Ricans 2 4 were Dominican and 1 5 had Mexican ancestry As of 2010 update 5 6 of city residents were West Indian or Afro Caribbean American origin 4 4 Haitian 0 4 Jamaican 0 4 Bahamian 0 1 British West Indian and 0 1 Trinidadian and Tobagonian 0 1 Other or Unspecified West Indian 80 3 0 were Black Hispanics 81 and 0 4 were Subsaharan African origin 82 83 As of 2010 update those of non Hispanic white European ancestry accounted for 11 9 of Miami s population Of the city s total population 1 7 were German 1 6 Italian 1 4 Irish 1 0 English 0 8 French 0 6 Russian and 0 5 were Polish 82 83 Since the 1960s there has been massive white flight with many non Hispanic whites moving outside Miami due to the influx of immigrants settling in most parts of Miami 84 85 As of 2010 update those of Asian ancestry accounted for 1 0 of Miami s population Of the city s total population 0 3 were Indian Indo Caribbean 1 206 people 0 3 Chinese Chinese Caribbean 1 804 people 0 2 Filipino 647 people 0 1 were other Asian 433 people 0 1 Japanese 245 people 0 1 Korean 213 people and 0 0 were Vietnamese 125 people 82 In 2010 1 9 of the population considered themselves to be of only American ancestry regardless of race or ethnicity 82 83 while 0 5 were of Arab ancestry as of 2010 update 82 According to a 2014 study by the Pew Research Center Christianity is the most practiced religion in Miami 68 with 39 professing attendance at a variety of churches that could be considered Protestant and 27 professing Catholicism 86 87 Followed by Judaism 9 Islam Buddhism Hinduism and a variety of other religions have smaller followings atheism or no self identifying organized religious affiliation was practiced by 21 There has been a Norwegian Seamen s church in Miami since the early 1980s In November 2011 Crown Princess of Norway Mette Marit opened a new building for the church The church was built as a center for the 10 000 Scandinavians that live in Florida Around 4 000 of them are Norwegian The church is also an important place for the 150 Norwegians that work at Walt Disney World in Central Florida 88 As of 2020 update a total of 74 7 of Miami s population age five and over spoke a language other than English at home 66 3 of Miami residents spoke Spanish at home 7 1 other Indo European languages 0 9 Asian and Pacific Islander languages and 0 7 other 89 Other demographics Edit As of the 2020 United States census 81 8 of people over age 25 were a high school graduate or higher while 30 7 had a bachelor s degree or higher There were 1 074 685 housing units of which 902 200 were households 43 7 were married couple families 31 2 had a female householder with a family and no spouse and 18 0 had a male householder with the same The average family size was 3 3 20 2 of people were under the age of 18 while 16 9 were over 65 In 2020 53 6 of the county s population was foreign born with 59 being naturalized American citizens About 14 9 of the population was below the poverty line at the census including 21 1 of those under age 18 and 20 8 of those aged 65 or over 89 Economy Edit Downtown Miami is a national hub for finance commerce and international business Brickell Avenue in Downtown Miami has the largest concentration of international banks in the nation As seen in 2006 the high rise construction in Miami has inspired popular opinion of Miami s Manhattanization Brickell Avenue in Downtown Miami s Brickell Financial District February 2010 Miami is a major center of commerce and finance and boasts a strong international business community According to the 2020 ranking of world cities undertaken by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network GaWC based on the level of presence of global corporate service organizations Miami is considered a Beta level world city along with Atlanta Dallas and Houston however according to the US census between the years 2015 2019 Miami lacks in terms of owner occupied housing computer and internet usage education regarding bachelor s degree or higher median household income per capita income while achieving higher percentage of persons in poverty 90 91 Miami has a Gross Metropolitan Product of 257 billion ranking 11th in the United States and 20th worldwide in GMP 92 93 Several large companies are headquartered in Miami including but not limited to Akerman LLP 94 Alienware 95 Arquitectonica 96 Brightstar Corporation Celebrity Cruises 97 Carnival Corporation 98 Duany Plater Zyberk 99 Greenberg Traurig Inktel Direct Lennar Corporation Norwegian Cruise Line Oceania Cruises OPKO Health Parkjockey RCTV International 100 Royal Caribbean International Sitel Southern Wine amp Spirits 101 Telemundo Vector Group Watsco and World Fuel Services Over 1 400 multinational firms are located in Miami with many major global organisations headquartering their Latin American operations or regional offices in the city including Walmart 102 Additionally companies based in nearby cities or unincorporated areas of Miami Dade County include Benihana Burger King Carnival Cruise Line Navarro Discount Pharmacies Perry Ellis International Ryder Sedano s UniMas and U S Century Bank 103 104 Miami is a major television production center and the most important city in the United States for Spanish language media Telemundo and UniMas have their headquarters in the Miami area Univision Studios and Telemundo Studios produce much of the original programming for their respective parent networks such as telenovelas news sports and talk shows In 2011 85 of Telemundo s original programming was filmed in Miami 105 Miami is also a significant music recording center with the Sony Music Latin headquarters in the city 106 along with many other smaller record labels The city also attracts many artists for music video and film shoots During the mid 2000s the city witnessed its largest real estate boom since the Florida land boom of the 1920s and the city had well over a hundred approved high rise construction projects However only 50 were actually built 107 Rapid high rise construction led to fast population growth in the Miami s inner neighborhoods with Downtown Brickell and Edgewater becoming the fastest growing areas of the city The city currently has the seven tallest as well as fifteen of top twenty skyscrapers in the state of Florida with the tallest being the 868 foot 265 m Panorama Tower 108 The housing market crash of 2007 caused a foreclosure crisis in the area 109 Like other metro areas in the United States crime in Miami is localized to specific neighborhoods 110 In a 2016 study by the website 24 7 Wall Street Miami was rated as the worst U S city in which to live based on crime poverty income inequality education and housing costs that far exceed the national median 111 Miami International Airport MIA and PortMiami are among the nation s busiest ports of entry especially for cargo from South America and the Caribbean PortMiami is the world s busiest cruise port and MIA is the busiest airport in Florida and the largest gateway between the United States and Latin America 112 Due to its strength in international business finance and trade the city has among the largest concentration of international banks in the country primarily along Brickell Avenue in Brickell Miami s financial district Miami was the host city of the 2003 Free Trade Area of the Americas negotiations Miami is the home to the National Hurricane Center and the headquarters of the United States Southern Command responsible for military operations in Central and South America Miami is also an industrial center especially for stone quarrying and warehousing These industries are centered largely on the western fringes of the city near Doral and Hialeah According to the U S Census Bureau in 2012 Miami had the fourth highest percentage of family incomes below the federal poverty line out of all large cities in the United States behind Detroit Michigan Cleveland Ohio and Cincinnati Ohio respectively Miami is also one of the very few cities in the U S where the local government has gone bankrupt in 2001 113 The Little Fire Ant Wasmannia auropunctata is an invasive agricultural pest here 114 PortMiami Edit Main article PortMiami PortMiami is the world s largest cruise ship port and is the headquarters of many of the world s largest cruise companies Miami is home to one of the largest ports in the United States the PortMiami It is the largest cruise ship port in the world and is often called the Cruise Capital of the World and the Cargo Gateway of the Americas 115 It has retained its status as the number one cruise passenger port in the world for well over a decade accommodating the largest cruise ships and the major cruise lines In 2017 the port served 5 340 559 cruise passengers 116 Additionally the port is one of the nation s busiest cargo ports importing 9 162 340 tons of cargo in 2017 116 Among North American ports it ranks second to New Orleans Port of South Louisiana in cargo tonnage imported from Latin America The port sits on 518 acres 2 km2 and has seven passenger terminals China is the port s number one import country and number one export country Miami has the world s largest amount of cruise line headquarters home to Carnival Cruise Line Celebrity Cruises Norwegian Cruise Line Oceania Cruises and Royal Caribbean International In 2014 the Port of Miami Tunnel was opened connecting the MacArthur Causeway to PortMiami 117 Tourism and conventions Edit The Royal Caribbean International headquarters at PortMiami Tourism is one of the Miami s largest private sector industries accounting for more than 144 800 jobs in Miami Dade County 118 The city s frequent portrayal in music film and popular culture has made the city and its landmarks recognizable worldwide In 2016 it attracted the second highest number of foreign tourists of any city in the United States after New York City and is among the top 20 cities worldwide by international visitor spending More than 15 9 million visitors arrived in Miami in 2017 adding 26 1 billion to the economy 119 With a large hotel infrastructure and the newly renovated Miami Beach Convention Center Miami is a popular destination for annual conventions and conferences Some of the most popular tourist destinations in Miami include South Beach Lincoln Road Bayside Marketplace Downtown Miami and Brickell City Centre The Art Deco District in Miami Beach is reputed as one of the most glamorous in the world for its nightclubs beaches historical buildings and shopping Annual events such as the Miami Open Art Basel the Winter Music Conference the South Beach Wine and Food Festival and Mercedes Benz Fashion Week Miami attract millions to the metropolis every year Culture EditSee also LGBT culture in Miami List of films and television shows set in Miami and Music of Miami Miami Beach skyline from the ocean Miami enjoys a vibrant culture that is influenced by a diverse population from all around the world Miami is known as the Magic City for seemingly popping up overnight due to its young age massive growth and its aesthetics of neon art deco The city itself is infamous for its drug war in the early 1980s and its outrun aesthetics 120 It is also nicknamed the Capital of Latin America because of its high population of Spanish speakers 121 122 Miami has been the setting of numerous films and television shows including Miami Vice Cocaine Cowboys Burn Notice Jane the Virgin Scarface The Birdcage Ace Ventura Pet Detective The Golden Girls 2 Fast 2 Furious and Dexter Several video games including Hotline Miami the Gameloft racing game Asphalt Overdrive Scarface The World Is Yours and the fictional Vice City in several video games across the Grand Theft Auto series most notably Grand Theft Auto Vice City is based on Miami 123 Entertainment and performing arts Edit Main article Music of Miami Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts the second largest performing arts center in the United States In addition to annual festivals like the Calle Ocho Festival Miami is home to many entertainment venues theaters museums parks and performing arts centers The newest addition to the Miami arts scene is the Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts home of the Florida Grand Opera and the second largest performing arts center in the United States after Lincoln Center in New York City 124 The center attracts many large scale operas ballets concerts and musicals from around the world Other performing arts venues in Miami include the Olympia Theater Wertheim Performing Arts Center the Fair Expo Center the Tower Theater and the Bayfront Park Amphitheater Another celebrated event is the Miami International Film Festival taking place every year for 10 days around the first week of March during which independent international and American films are screened across the city Miami has over a half dozen independent film theaters 125 Miami attracts a large number of musicians singers actors dancers and orchestral players The city has numerous orchestras symphonies and performing art conservatories These include the Florida Grand Opera FIU School of Music Frost School of Music and the New World School of the Arts Miami is also a major fashion center home to models and some of the top modeling agencies in the world The city is host to many fashion shows and events including the annual Miami Fashion Week and the Mercedes Benz Fashion Week Miami held in the Wynwood Art District 126 Miami will be having their first boat in movie theater on Saturday July 25 2020 127 Museums and visual arts Edit Lowe Art Museum on the campus of the University of Miami Some of the museums in Miami include the Frost Art Museum Frost Museum of Science HistoryMiami Institute of Contemporary Art Miami Children s Museum Perez Art Museum Lowe Art Museum and the Vizcaya Museum and Gardens a National Historic Landmark set on a 28 acre early 20th century estate in Coconut Grove Cuisine Edit The cuisine of Miami is a reflection of its diverse population with a heavy influence from Caribbean and Latin American cuisine By combining the two with American cuisine it has spawned a unique South Florida style of cooking known as Floribbean cuisine It is widely available throughout Miami and South Florida and can be found in restaurant chains such as Pollo Tropical Cuban immigrants in the 1960s originated the Cuban sandwich and brought medianoche Cuban espresso Bistec de palomilla and croquetas all of which have grown in popularity among all Miamians and have become symbols of the city s varied cuisine Today these are part of the local culture and can be found throughout the city at window cafes particularly outside of supermarkets and restaurants 128 129 Some of these locations such as the Versailles restaurant in Little Havana are landmark eateries of Miami Located on the Atlantic Ocean and with a long history as a seaport Miami is also known for its seafood with many seafood restaurants located along the Miami River and in and around Biscayne Bay 130 The city is also the headquarters of restaurant chains such as Burger King and Benihana Dialect Edit Main article Miami accent The Miami area has a unique dialect commonly called the Miami accent that is widely spoken The accent developed among second or third generation Hispanics including Cuban Americans whose first language was English though some non Hispanic white black and other races who were born and raised in the Miami area tend to adopt it as well 131 It is based on a fairly standard American accent but with some changes very similar to dialects in the Mid Atlantic especially those in the New York area and Northern New Jersey including New York Latino English Unlike Virginia Piedmont Coastal Southern American Northeast American dialects and Florida Cracker dialect Miami accent is rhotic it also incorporates a rhythm and pronunciation heavily influenced by Spanish wherein rhythm is syllable timed 132 This is a native dialect of English not learner English or interlanguage it is possible to differentiate this variety from an interlanguage spoken by second language speakers in that the Miami accent does not generally display the following features there is no addition of ɛ before initial consonant clusters with s speakers do not confuse of dʒ with j e g Yale with jail and r and rr are pronounced as alveolar approximant ɹ instead of alveolar tap ɾ or alveolar trill r in Spanish 133 134 135 136 Sports EditMain article Sports in Miami See also Florida Panthers Inter Miami CF Miami Dolphins Miami Heat Miami Hurricanes and Miami Marlins Hard Rock Stadium is the home field for the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League the Miami Hurricanes football team of the University of Miami and College Football Playoff s Orange Bowl game held annually each January LoanDepot Park home of the Miami Marlins of Major League Baseball Miami s main five sports teams are Inter Miami CF of Major League Soccer MLS 137 the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League NFL 138 the Miami Heat of the National Basketball Association NBA 139 the Miami Marlins of Major League Baseball MLB 140 and the Florida Panthers of the National Hockey League NHL 141 The Miami Open an annual tennis tournament was previously held in Key Biscayne before moving to Hard Rock Stadium after the tournament was purchased by Miami Dolphins owner Stephen Ross in 2019 The city is home to numerous marinas jai alai venues and golf courses The city streets have hosted professional auto races in the past most notably the open wheel Grand Prix of Miami the sports car Grand Prix of Miami and Miami Grand Prix of Formula One 142 The Homestead Miami Speedway oval hosts NASCAR races 143 The Heat and the Marlins play within Miami s city limits at the FTX Arena in Downtown and LoanDepot Park in Little Havana respectively Marlins Park is built on the site of the old Miami Orange Bowl stadium 144 The Miami Dolphins play at Hard Rock Stadium in suburban Miami Gardens while the Florida Panthers play in nearby Sunrise at the FLA Live Arena Inter Miami CF plays at DRV PNK Stadium in nearby Fort Lauderdale temporarily until a stadium is built in Miami The Orange Bowl one of the major bowl games in the College Football Playoff of the NCAA is played at Hard Rock Stadium every winter The stadium has also hosted the Super Bowl the Miami metro area has hosted the game a total of ten times five times at the current Hard Rock Stadium and five at the Miami Orange Bowl tying New Orleans for the most games 145 Miami is also the home of many college sports teams The two largest are the University of Miami Hurricanes whose football team plays at Hard Rock Stadium and Florida International University Panthers whose football team plays at Ricardo Silva Stadium The Hurricanes compete in the Atlantic Coast Conference ACC while the Panthers compete in the Conference USA of the National Collegiate Athletic Association 146 147 Miami is also home to Paso Fino horses and competitions are held at Tropical Park Equestrian Center 148 Miami will serve as one of eleven US host cities for the 2026 FIFA World Cup 149 The following are the major professional sports teams in the Miami metropolitan area Miami major league professional sports teams Club Sport Miami Area since League Venue League ChampionshipsMiami Dolphins American football 1965 National Football League Hard Rock Stadium 1972 VII 1973 VIII Florida Panthers Ice hockey 1993 National Hockey League FLA Live ArenaMiami Heat Basketball 1988 National Basketball Association FTX Arena 2006 150 2012 151 2013 152 Miami Marlins Baseball 1993 Major League Baseball LoanDepot Park 1997 2003Inter Miami CF Soccer 2018 Major League Soccer DRV PNK StadiumBeaches and parks Edit Bayfront Park on Biscayne Bay February 2017 The City of Miami has various lands operated by the National Park Service the Florida Division of Recreation and Parks and the City of Miami Department of Parks and Recreation Miami s tropical weather allows for year round outdoor activities The city has numerous marinas rivers bays canals and the Atlantic Ocean which make boating canoeing sailing and fishing popular outdoor activities Biscayne Bay has numerous coral reefs that make snorkeling and scuba diving popular There are over 80 parks and gardens in the city 153 The largest and most popular parks are Bayfront Park and Museum Park located in the heart of Downtown and the location of the FTX Arena and Bayside Marketplace Tropical Park Peacock Park Virginia Key and Watson Island Other popular cultural destinations in or near Miami include Zoo Miami 154 Jungle Island 155 the Miami Seaquarium 156 Monkey Jungle 157 Coral Castle 158 Charles Deering Estate 159 Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden and Key Biscayne In its 2020 ParkScore ranking The Trust for Public Land reported that the park system in the City of Miami was the 64th best park system among the 100 most populous US cities 160 down slightly from 48th place in the 2017 ranking 161 The City of Miami was analyzed to have a median park size of 2 6 acres park land as percent of city area of 6 5 87 of residents living within a 10 minute walk of a park 48 39 spending per capita of park services and 1 3 playgrounds per 10 000 residents 162 Law and government Edit Miami City Hall located at Dinner Key in Coconut Grove is home to Miami s primary administrative offices Main article Government of the City of Miami See also List of mayors of Miami Further information Youth Crime Watch of America The government of the City of Miami uses the mayor commissioner type of system The city commission consists of five commissioners that are elected from single member districts The city commission constitutes the governing body with powers to pass ordinances adopt regulations and exercise all powers conferred upon the city in the city charter The mayor is elected at large and appoints a city manager The City of Miami is governed by Mayor Francis X Suarez and 5 city commissioners that oversee the five districts in the city 163 The commission s regular meetings are held at Miami City Hall which is located at 3500 Pan American Drive on Dinner Key in the neighborhood of Coconut Grove In the United States House of Representatives Miami is represented by Republican Maria Elvira Salazar and Democrat Frederica Wilson City Commission Edit See also List of mayors of Miami Francis X Suarez Mayor of the City of MiamiAlex Diaz de la Portilla Miami Commissioner District 1Allapattah and Grapeland Heights dd Ken Russell Miami Commissioner District 2Arts amp Entertainment District Brickell Coconut Grove Coral Way Downtown Miami Edgewater Midtown Miami Park West and the South part Upper Eastside dd Joe Carollo Miami Commissioner District 3Coral Way Little Havana and The Roads dd Manolo Reyes Miami Commissioner District 4Coral Way Flagami and West Flagler dd Christine King Miami Commissioner District 5Buena Vista Design District Liberty City Little Haiti Little River Lummus Park Overtown Spring Garden and Wynwood and northern part of the Upper Eastside dd Arthur Noriega City Manager Victoria Mendez City Attorney Todd B Hannon City ClerkEducation EditSee also Miami Dade Public Library System Colleges and universities Edit Florida International University with its main campus in nearby University Park is the largest university in South Florida and the fourth largest university by enrollment in the U S It is also one of Florida s primary research universities Founded in 1925 the University of Miami in nearby Coral Gables is Florida s top ranked private institution of higher education Miami Dade County has over 200 000 students enrolled in local colleges and universities placing it seventh in the nation in per capita university enrollment In 2010 the city s four largest colleges and universities Miami Dade College Florida International University University of Miami and Barry University graduated 28 000 students 164 Miami is also home to both for profit and nonprofit organizations that offer a range of professional training and other related educational programs Per Scholas for example is a nonprofit organization that offers free professional certification training directed towards successfully passing CompTIA A and Network certification exams as a route to securing jobs and building careers 165 166 167 Colleges and universities in and around Miami Barry University private 168 Broward College public 169 Carlos Albizu University private 170 Florida Atlantic University public 171 Florida International University public 172 Florida Memorial University private 173 Keiser University private 174 Manchester Business School satellite location UK public 175 Miami Culinary Institute public 176 Miami Dade College public 177 Miami International University of Art amp Design private 178 Nova Southeastern University private 179 Palm Beach State College public St Thomas University private 180 Southeastern College private 181 Talmudic University private 182 University of Miami private 183 Primary and secondary schools Edit Main article Miami Dade County Public Schools Miami Senior High School founded in 1903 is Miami s first high school Public schools in Miami are governed by Miami Dade County Public Schools which is the largest school district in Florida and the fourth largest in the United States As of September 2008 it has a student enrollment of 385 655 and over 392 schools and centers The district is also the largest minority public school system in the country with 60 of its students being of Hispanic origin 28 Black or West Indian American 10 White non Hispanic and 2 non white of other minorities 184 Miami is home to some of the nation s best high schools such as Design and Architecture High School ranked the nation s best magnet school MAST Academy Coral Reef High School ranked 20th best public high school in the U S Miami Palmetto High School and the New World School of the Arts 185 M DCPS is also one of a few public school districts in the United States to offer optional bilingual education in Spanish French German Haitian Creole and Mandarin Chinese Miami is home to several well known Roman Catholic Jewish and non denominational private schools The Archdiocese of Miami operates the city s Catholic private schools which include St Hugh Catholic School St Agatha Catholic School St Theresa School Immaculata Lasalle High School Monsignor Edward Pace High School Archbishop Curley Notre Dame High School St Brendan High School among numerous other Catholic elementary and high schools Catholic preparatory schools operated by religious orders are Belen Jesuit Preparatory School and Christopher Columbus High School for boys and Carrollton School of the Sacred Heart and Our Lady of Lourdes Academy for girls Non denominational private schools in Miami are Ransom Everglades Gulliver Preparatory School and Miami Country Day School Other schools in the area include Samuel Scheck Hillel Community Day School Dade Christian School Palmer Trinity School Westminster Christian School and Riviera Schools Supplementary education Edit The Miami Hoshuko is a part time Japanese school for Japanese citizens and ethnic Japanese people in the area Previously it was located on Virginia Key at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science 186 Currently the school holds classes in Westchester and has offices in Doral 187 Media EditMain article Media in Miami See also Film in Miami List of newspapers in Florida List of radio stations in Florida and List of television stations in Florida The former headquarters of The Miami Herald on Biscayne Bay Miami has one of the largest television markets in the nation and the second largest in the state of Florida after Tampa Bay 188 Miami has several major newspapers the main and largest newspaper being The Miami Herald El Nuevo Herald is the major and largest Spanish language newspaper The Miami Herald and El Nuevo Herald are Miami s and South Florida s main major and largest newspapers The papers left their longtime home in Downtown Miami in 2013 The newspapers are now headquartered at the former home of U S Southern Command in Doral 189 Other major newspapers include Miami Today headquartered in Brickell Miami New Times headquartered in Midtown Miami SunPost South Florida Business Journal and The Miami Times An additional Spanish language newspaper Diario Las Americas also serves Miami Student newspapers from the local universities include the University of Miami s The Miami Hurricane Florida International University s The Beacon Miami Dade College s The Metropolis and Barry University s The Buccaneer Many neighborhoods and neighboring areas also have their own local newspapers such as the Aventura News Coral Gables Tribune Biscayne Bay Tribune Biscayne Times and the Palmetto Bay News citation needed A number of magazines circulate throughout the greater Miami area including Miami Monthly Southeast Florida s only city regional and Ocean Drive a hot spot social scene glossy Miami is also the headquarters and main production city of many of the world s largest television networks record label companies broadcasting companies and production facilities such as Telemundo Univision Univision Communications Mega TV Universal Music Latin Entertainment RCTV International and Sunbeam Television In 2009 Univision announced plans to build a new production studio in Miami dubbed Univision Studios Univision Studios is currently headquartered in Miami and will produce programming for all of Univision Communications television networks 190 Miami is the twelfth largest radio market 191 and the seventeenth largest television market 192 in the United States Television stations serving the Miami area include WAMI UniMas WBFS Independent WSFL The CW WFOR CBS O amp O WHFT TBN WLTV Univision WPLG ABC WPXM Ion WSCV Telemundo WSVN Fox WTVJ NBC O amp O WPBT PBS and WLRN also PBS Transportation EditMain article Transportation in South Florida See also Brightline and Tri Rail According to the 2016 American Community Survey 72 3 of working city of Miami residents commuted by driving alone 8 7 carpooled 9 used public transportation and 3 7 walked About 1 8 used all other forms of transportation including taxicab motorcycle and bicycle About 4 5 of working city of Miami residents worked at home 193 In 2015 19 9 of city of Miami households were without a car which decreased to 18 6 in 2016 The national average was 8 7 percent in 2016 Miami averaged 1 24 cars per household in 2016 compared to a national average of 1 8 per household 194 Expressways and roads Edit Venetian Causeway left and MacArthur Causeway right connect Downtown and South Beach State Road 886 also known as Port Boulevard connects Downtown Miami and PortMiami over Biscayne Bay Miami s road system is based along the numerical Miami grid where Flagler Street forms the east west baseline and Miami Avenue forms the north south meridian The corner of Flagler Street and Miami Avenue is in the middle of Downtown in front of the Downtown Macy s formerly the Burdine s headquarters The Miami grid is primarily numerical so that for example all street addresses north of Flagler Street and west of Miami Avenue have NW in their address Because its point of origin is in Downtown which is close to the coast the NW and SW quadrants are much larger than the SE and NE quadrants Many roads especially major ones are also named e g Tamiami Trail SW 8th St although with exceptions the number is in more common usage among locals With few exceptions within this grid north south roads are designated as Courts Roads Avenues or Places often remembered by their acronym while east west roads are Streets Terraces Drives or occasionally Ways Major roads in each direction are located at one mile intervals There are 16 blocks to each mile on north south avenues and 10 blocks to each mile on east west streets Major north south avenues generally end in 7 e g 17th 27th 37th Douglas Aves 57th Red Rd 67th Ludlam 87th Galloway etc all the way west beyond 177th Krome Avenue One prominent exception is 42nd Avenue LeJeune Road located at the half mile point instead Major east west streets to the south of Downtown are multiples of 16 though the beginning point of this system is at SW 8th St one half mile south of Flagler zeroth Street Thus major streets are at 8th St 24th St Coral Way 40th St Bird 56th Miller 72nd Sunset 88th N Kendall 104th originally S Kendall 120th Montgomery 136th Howard 152nd Coral Reef 168th Richmond 184th Eureka 200th Quail Roost 216th Hainlin Mill 232nd Silver Palm 248th Coconut Palm etc well into the 300s Within the grid odd numbered addresses are generally on the north or east side and even numbered addresses are on the south or west side All streets and avenues in Miami Dade County follow the Miami grid with a few exceptions most notably in Coral Gables Hialeah Coconut Grove and Miami Beach One neighborhood The Roads is named as such because its streets run off the Miami grid at a 45 degree angle and therefore are all named roads Miami Dade County is served by four Interstate Highways I 75 I 95 I 195 I 395 and several U S Highways including U S Route 1 U S Route 27 U S Route 41 and U S Route 441 Miami CausewaysName Termini Year builtRickenbacker Causeway Brickell and Key Biscayne 1947Venetian Causeway Downtown and South Beach 1912 1925MacArthur Causeway Downtown and South Beach 1920Julia Tuttle Causeway Wynwood Edgewater and Miami Beach 195979th Street Causeway Upper East Side and North Beach 1929Broad Causeway North Miami and Bal Harbour 1951 Some of the major Florida State Roads and their common names serving Miami are SR 112 Airport Expressway Interstate 95 to MIA Homestead Extension of Florida s Turnpike SR 821 Florida s Turnpike mainline SR 91 Miami Gardens to U S Route 1 Florida City SR 826 Palmetto Expressway Golden Glades Interchange to U S Route 1 Pinecrest SR 836 Dolphin Expressway Downtown to SW 137th Ave via MIA SR 874 Don Shula Expressway 826 Bird Road to Homestead Extension of Florida s Turnpike Kendall SR 878 Snapper Creek Expressway SR 874 Kendall to U S Route 1 Pinecrest amp South Miami SR 924 Gratigny Parkway Miami Lakes to Opa lockaMiami has six major causeways that span over Biscayne Bay connecting the western mainland with the eastern barrier islands along the Atlantic Ocean The Rickenbacker Causeway is the southernmost causeway and connects Brickell to Virginia Key and Key Biscayne The Venetian Causeway and MacArthur Causeway connect Downtown with South Beach The Julia Tuttle Causeway connects Midtown and Miami Beach The 79th Street Causeway connects the Upper East Side with North Beach The northernmost causeway the Broad Causeway is the smallest of Miami s six causeways and connects North Miami to Bay Harbor Islands and Bal Harbour In 2007 Miami was identified as having the rudest drivers in the United States the second year in a row to have been cited in a poll commissioned by automobile club AutoVantage 195 Miami is also consistently ranked as one of the most dangerous cities in the United States for pedestrians 196 Public transportation Edit See also Metrobus Miami Dade County Metromover and Miami Dade Transit Miami s Metrorail is the city s rapid transit system and connects Miami with its outlying suburbs Tri Rail is Miami s commuter rail that runs north south from Miami s suburbs in West Palm Beach to Miami International Airport Public transportation in Miami is operated by Miami Dade Transit and SFRTA and includes commuter rail Tri Rail heavy rail rapid transit Metrorail an elevated people mover Metromover and buses Metrobus Miami has Florida s highest transit ridership as about 17 of Miamians use transit on a daily basis 197 The average Miami public transit commute on weekdays is 90 minutes while 39 of public transit riders commute for more than 2 hours a day The average wait time at a public transit stop or station is 18 minutes while 37 of riders wait for more than 20 minutes on average every day The average single trip distance with public transit is 7 46 mi 12 km while 38 travel more than 8 08 mi 13 km in each direction 198 Miami s heavy rail rapid transit system Metrorail is an elevated system comprising two lines and 23 stations on a 24 4 mile 39 3 km long line Metrorail connects the urban western suburbs of Hialeah Medley and inner city Miami with suburban The Roads Coconut Grove Coral Gables South Miami and urban Kendall via the central business districts of Miami International Airport the Health District and Downtown A free elevated people mover Metromover operates 21 stations on three different lines in greater Downtown Miami with a station at roughly every two blocks of Downtown and Brickell Several expansion projects are being funded by a transit development sales tax surcharge throughout Miami Dade County Tri Rail a commuter rail system operated by the South Florida Regional Transportation Authority SFRTA runs from Miami International Airport northward to West Palm Beach making eighteen stops throughout Miami Dade Broward and Palm Beach counties The Miami Intermodal Center is a massive transportation hub servicing Metrorail Amtrak Tri Rail Metrobus Greyhound Lines taxis rental cars MIA Mover private automobiles bicycles and pedestrians adjacent to Miami International Airport Miami Intermodal Center was completed in 2010 and is serving about 150 000 commuters and travelers in the Miami area Phase I of MiamiCentral Station was completed in 2012 and the Tri Rail part of Phase II was completed in 2015 but the construction of the Amtrak part remains delayed Two new light rail systems Baylink and the Miami Streetcar have been proposed and are currently in the planning stage BayLink would connect Downtown with South Beach and the Miami Streetcar would connect Downtown with Midtown Miami is the southern terminus of Amtrak s Atlantic Coast services running two lines the Silver Meteor and the Silver Star both terminating in New York City The Miami Amtrak Station is located in the suburb of Hialeah near the Tri Rail Metrorail Station on NW 79 St and NW 38 Ave Current construction of the Miami Central Station will move all Amtrak operations from its current out of the way location to a centralized location with Metrorail MIA Mover Tri Rail Miami International Airport and the Miami Intermodal Center all within the same station closer to Downtown The station was expected to be completed by 2012 199 but experienced several delays and was later expected to be completed in late 2014 200 again pushed back to early 2015 201 Airports Edit See also Miami International Airport Fort Lauderdale Hollywood International Airport and Palm Beach International Airport Miami International Airport is the nation s 10th largest airport Miami International Airport serves as the primary international airport of the Greater Miami Area One of the busiest international airports in the world because of its centric location Miami International Airport caters to over 45 million passengers a year The airport is a major hub and the largest international gateway for American Airlines Miami International is the second busiest airport by passenger traffic in Florida the United States third largest international port of entry for foreign air passengers behind New York s John F Kennedy International Airport and Los Angeles International Airport The airport s extensive international route network includes non stop flights to over seventy international cities in North and South America Europe Africa Asia and the Middle East 202 Alternatively nearby Fort Lauderdale Hollywood International Airport and Palm Beach International Airport also serve commercial traffic in the Miami area 203 Miami Opa Locka Executive Airport in Opa locka and Miami Executive Airport in an unincorporated area southwest of Miami serve general aviation traffic in the Miami area Cycling and walking Edit The city government under former mayor Manny Diaz took an ambitious stance in support of bicycling in Miami for both recreation and commuting 204 In 2010 Miami was ranked as the 44th most bike friendly city in the US according to Bicycling Magazine 205 A 2011 study by Walk Score ranked Miami the eighth most walkable of the fifty largest cities in the U S 206 Public safety Edit Main articles Miami Fire Rescue Department and Miami Police DepartmentInternational relations EditSee also List of sister cities in Florida Sister cities Edit Agadir Morocco since 1995 207 Barranquilla Colombia since 2015 208 Bogota Colombia since 1971 209 Buenos Aires Argentina since 1979 209 Kagoshima Japan since 1990 209 210 Kaohsiung Taiwan since 1987 211 Lima Peru since 1977 209 Madrid Spain since 2014 209 212 Murcia Spain since 1993 213 Nice France since 1986 214 Palermo Italy since 1997 215 Qingdao China since 2005 209 Salvador da Bahia Brazil since 2006 209 San Salvador El Salvador since 1991 209 Santiago Chile since 1986 209 Santo Domingo Dominican Republic since 1987 209 Southampton United Kingdom since 2019 216 Cooperation agreements Edit Lisbon Portugal 217 218 Yeruham Israel 219 Notable people EditMain article List of people from MiamiNotes Edit Bahamians were farming along the Miami River before 1830 Richard Fitzpatrick established a plantation there in 1830 but abandoned it when the Second Seminole War 1835 1843 began The U S Army established Fort Dallas there in 1836 but left the fort in 1841 William English reopened Fitzpatrick s plantation after the war and sold city lots but left the area at the end of the 1840s The Army returned to the fort in 1849 1851 and again for the Third Seminole War 1855 1858 3 4 Mean monthly maxima and minima i e the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020 Official records for Miami were kept at the Lemon City from September 1895 to November 1900 the Miami COOP from December 1900 to May 1911 the Weather Bureau Office from June 1911 to February 1937 at various locations in and around the city from March 1937 to July 1942 and at Miami Int l since August 1942 For more information see ThreadEx References Edit Miami the Capital of Latin America Time December 2 1993 Archived from the original on December 24 2007 US Gazetteer files 2020 United States Census Bureau March 25 2021 Retrieved March 25 2021 George Paul S 1996 Miami One Hundred Years of History HistoryMiami Archived from the original on July 28 2021 Retrieved May 28 2021 Shappee Nathan D 1961 Fort Dallas and the Naval Depot on Key Biscayne 1836 1926 PDF Tequesta 21 13 40 Archived from the original PDF on August 26 2021 Retrieved May 28 2021 via Florida International University Digital Collections 2020 U S Gazetteer Files United States Census Bureau Retrieved October 31 2021 a b c d e QuickFacts Miami city Florida United States Census Bureau Retrieved March 23 2022 a b 2020 Population and Housing State Data United States Census Bureau Retrieved August 22 2021 Gross Domestic Product by County 2019 PDF Bureau of Economic Analysis December 9 2020 Retrieved December 9 2020 GDP and Personal Income U S Bureau of Economic Analysis Retrieved August 3 2021 U S metro areas ranked by Gross Metropolitan Product GMP 2020 Statista US Cities With the Most Skyscrapers WorldAtlas February 6 2018 Retrieved June 18 2019 The Skyscraper Center Buildings in Miami skyscrapercenter com CTBUH Retrieved June 18 2019 The World According to GaWC 2008 Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network Loughborough University Retrieved March 3 2009 Inventory of World Cities Globalization and World Cities GaWC Study Group and Network Archived from the original on October 14 2013 Retrieved December 1 2007 Gross Domestic Product by Metropolitan Area 2017 PDF Bea gov Retrieved October 23 2018 City Mayors Richest cities in the world www citymayors com Retrieved June 18 2019 P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE 2020 Census United States Census Bureau Retrieved October 10 2021 Beyer Scott Welcome To Brickell Miami s Wall Street South Forbes Retrieved June 18 2019 100 of the largest hospitals and health systems in America Becker s Hospital Review July 2010 PortMiami 2017 Cruise Guide PDF Miami Is The Second Most Popular Destination For International Visitors And Growing Fast TheNextMiami com Retrieved November 5 2016 Florida Gateway to Latin America and the Caribbean PDF September 2017 Archived PDF from the original on July 7 2021 Retrieved November 29 2021 2019 Global Cities Report ATKearney Name Origins of Florida City Name Origins I P FLHeritage com Florida Department of State Retrieved December 17 2013 Smith Matt February 4 2014 Questions of preservation after ancient village found in downtown Miami CNN Retrieved February 4 2014 Copquin Claudia Gryvatz January 23 2014 What s the One Major American City Founded by a Woman Parade Retrieved June 18 2019 The Day in St Augustine The Hack Line to Biscayne Bay The Florida Times Union January 10 1893 A Trip to Biscayne Bay The Tropical Sun March 9 1893 Muir Helen 1953 Miami USA Henry Holt and Company p 55 Weiner Jacqueline April 1 2010 Statue of Miami s First Lady Julia Tuttle may be birthday present Miami Today Williams Linda K amp George Paul S South Florida A Brief History Historical Museum of South Florida Archived from the original on April 29 2010 Retrieved August 24 2009 a b c Connolly Nathan 2014 A World More Concrete Real Estate and the Remaking of Jim Crow South Florida University of Chicago Press Miami Police chief is jailed for murder joins 5 other officers The New York Times March 24 1928 a b Miami Dade County Information Center Miami Dade County Archived from the original on February 25 2008 Retrieved April 18 2008 a b Permuy Antonio Cosio Leo Revisiting 1972 the year that made modern Miami www sfmn fiu edu South Florida Media Network Retrieved December 27 2022 Zoe Pound Miami October 1 2017 Reed Roy March 3 1976 Wallace Pressing the Abortion Issue The New York Times U S Census 2010 Ethnicity and Census American Community Survey 2008 language Miami Florida metropolitan area as seen from STS 62 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Archived from the original on December 1 2007 Retrieved August 19 2007 a b c Miami Geology miami americabeach com Archived from the original on March 14 2017 Retrieved April 3 2019 USGS Ground Water Atlas of the United States United States Geological Survey Retrieved February 19 2006 Whitman Dean September 1997 Notes on the geology and Water Resources of South Florida Notes on Florida Geology Florida International University Retrieved January 11 2011 a b c d e Neighborhoods in Miami miami americabeach com Archived from the original on March 14 2017 Retrieved April 1 2019 Gazaleh Mark May 2016 Coconut Grove West Grove tree canopy variations over time MIMO Biscayne Boulevard Historic District MIMO Biscayne Association 2021 Retrieved July 23 2021 Weather Miami Florida Weatherbase Retrieved March 30 2015 World Map of Koppen Geiger Climate Classification PDF Duration of Summer Season in South Florida NOAA National Weather Service Retrieved May 22 2021 a b c d e NOWData NOAA Online Weather Data National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Retrieved May 9 2021 Climatological Records for Miami FL 1895 2019 PDF National Weather Service Retrieved November 23 2019 Maine shivers at 29 Snow falls in Florida The Baltimore Sun January 20 1977 p A1 Temperatures dipped into the 30s in southern Florida with snow flurries reported even in Miami Beach Lardner Jr George Meyers Robert January 20 1977 Miami Is Hit by First Recorded Snow the State of Emergency Is Eyed for Virginia Thousands Idled as Cold Closes Factories Businesses The Washington Post p A1 The meandering jet stream in the upper atmosphere sent flurries of genuine snow onto Miami s palm trees It was the farthest south that snow has been reported in the United States since the record books were started in the 19th century The snow flurries in Miami will be only an asterisk in the record books since they didn t fall on any of the National Weather Service s recording stations in the area but they were genuine Khiss Peter January 20 1977 New York High is 26 as the South Shivers Florida Snow Causes Emergency Gas Shortage Widespread The New York Times p 1 Florida officially recorded snow for the first time yesterday in Palm Beach County 65 miles north of Miami and even that city had flurries although not at the official stations at its airport or nearby Coral Gables Kleinberg Howard December 30 1989 The Great Miami Snow Job The Dispatch Retrieved September 23 2010 Vulnerable cities Miami Florida The Weather Channel Archived from the original on April 27 2006 Retrieved February 19 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be lost forever to the climate crisis The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved November 14 2020 Olick Diana August 29 2018 Rising Risks Climate gentrification is changing Miami real estate values for better and worse CNBC Retrieved November 14 2020 Summary of Monthly Normals 1991 2020 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Retrieved May 9 2021 WMO Climate Normals for Miami FL 1961 1990 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Retrieved July 18 2020 Monthly Averages for Miami International Airport The Weather Channel Retrieved October 12 2013 Census of Population and Housing Census gov Retrieved June 4 2015 Florida Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Large Cities and Other Places PDF Retrieved April 20 2016 Miami FL Data USA census gov Retrieved November 3 2022 Adults in the Miami metro area Pew Research Center Miami FL Data USA census gov Retrieved March 25 2022 Miami Dade County Florida census gov Retrieved November 3 2022 Annual Estimates of the Population of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas April 1 2000 to July 1 2009 2009 Population Estimates United States Census Bureau Population Division March 19 2010 Archived from the original XLS on October 16 2015 Retrieved September 5 2015 Demographic Profile Miami Dade County Florida 1960 2000 PDF Miami Florida Miami Dade County Department of Planning and Zoning September 2003 p iii p 5 of PDF Archived from the original PDF on March 20 2012 Retrieved January 19 2020 Florida Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places Earliest Census to 1990 U S Census Bureau Archived from the original on August 12 2012 Retrieved April 21 2012 2020 Demographics Miami Matters Retrieved June 23 2020 U S Census Bureau QuickFacts Miami city Florida Miami Florida FIRST ANCESTRY REPORTED Universe Total population 2006 2010 American Community Survey 5 Year Estimates United States Census Bureau Retrieved October 29 2015 Race and Hispanic or Latino Origin 2010 2010 Census Summary File 1 American FactFinder US Census Bureau Archived from the original on February 12 2020 Retrieved August 18 2014 a b c d e Miami Florida Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics 2010 2010 Demographic Profile Data United States Census Bureau Retrieved October 25 2015 a b c Miami Florida SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES 2006 2010 American Community Survey 5 Year Estimates United States Census Bureau Retrieved October 25 2015 Booth William November 11 1998 A White Migration North From Miami The Washington Post The Myth of the Melting Pot Retrieved August 3 2021 Miami Herald account miamiherald com Major U S metropolitan areas differ in their religious profiles Pew Research Center America s Changing Religious Landscape Pew Research Center Religion amp Public Life May 12 2015 Crown Princess Opens Seamen s Church in Miami Norwaypost nodate November 21 2011 Retrieved August 3 2013 a b QuickFacts Miami Dade County Florida United States Census Bureau April 1 2020 Retrieved October 27 2022 GaWC The World According to GaWC 2018 www lboro ac uk Retrieved June 18 2019 US Census 2015 2019 Which are the largest city economies in the world and how might this change by 2025 PricewaterhouseCoopers UK Archived from the original on May 31 2013 Retrieved November 20 2009 Gross Metropolitan Product Greyhill Advisors Retrieved September 29 2011 Akerman LLP Miami Office akerman com Retrieved July 30 2022 Alienware Official Site Alienware Laptops amp Desktops Dell Retrieved July 30 2022 Arquitectonica Studios Miami Headquarters Arquitectonica Retrieved July 31 2022 Discover Celebrity Celebrity Cruises Retrieved July 31 2022 Corporate Information Carnival Corporation Retrieved July 31 2022 Contact DPZ Duany Plater Zyberk Retrieved July 31 2022 Contact us RCTV International Retrieved July 31 2022 Southern Glazer s Wine amp Spirits homepage southernglazers com Retrieved June 16 2022 Walmart Latinoamerica Opens New Regional Office in South Florida Introduces New Regional President and CEO Eduardo Solorzano Walmartstores com February 23 2010 Archived from the original on March 4 2010 Retrieved September 5 2015 About Us Burger King Retrieved February 27 2022 Our Story Perry Ellis International Retrieved February 27 2022 Telemundo plans to tape 1 100 hours of telenovelas in Miami Miamitodaynews com June 23 2011 Retrieved October 8 2012 The Official website of Sony Music Latin sonymusiclatin com Retrieved June 16 2022 Miami High rise buildings All Emporis Archived from the original on July 1 2004 Retrieved August 25 2007 Miami High rise buildings Completed Emporis Archived from the original on June 18 2004 Retrieved August 19 2007 Bell Maya August 27 2007 Boom of condo crash loudest in Miami Orlando Sentinel Archived from the original on September 1 2007 Retrieved August 30 2007 Werner Raleigh Moving to Miami FL Relocating Tips amp Advice Jumpshell Archived from the original on September 11 2016 Retrieved May 27 2016 Kaufmanmkaufman Michelle June 28 2016 Miami was rated Worst American City to Live In by website 24 7 Wall St Miami Herald Retrieved September 23 2017 New figures show PortMiami retained No 1 cruise port ranking Business Journal Retrieved March 31 2013 Cohen Adam June 24 2001 Gloom over Miami Time archived from the original on September 30 2007 retrieved September 2 2007 Wetterer James Porter Sanford 2003 The Little Fire Ant Wasmannia auropunctata Distribution Impact and Control Sociobiology 41 3 ISSN 0361 6525 S2CID 53132506 CABI ISC 20043012612 AGRIS ID US201300806939 Port of Miami Miami Dade County Retrieved October 28 2008 a b 2017 18 Port Report PDF PortMiami Cordle Ina Paiva May 28 2014 The new PortMiami tunnel s opening is delayed until mid June The Miami Herald Retrieved June 6 2014 Jordan John May 2 2018 Greater Miami Tourism Industry Setting Records globest com GlobeSt Retrieved April 1 2019 Herrera Chabeli May 1 2018 Despite Irma Miami tourism grew in 2017 Will Asia flights make 2018 even better miamiherald com Miami Herald Retrieved April 1 2019 8 Things you didn t know about the Miami Drug Wars culturecrusaders com February 12 2019 Retrieved February 12 2019 Fajardo Luis May 16 2016 How Miami became the capital of affluent Latin America BBC News Retrieved May 16 2016 Alvarez Lizette July 19 2014 Influx of South Americans Drives Miami s Reinvention The New York Times Retrieved July 19 2014 Grand Theft Auto Vice City Graphics Q amp A GameSpot September 27 2002 Retrieved May 29 2018 Tommasini Anthony February 4 2007 Carnival Center for the Performing Arts Miami Music The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved May 29 2018 Miami International Film Festival Miami Film Festival Retrieved June 20 2019 Miami Fashion Week Miami Fashion Week Archived from the original on May 11 2008 Retrieved April 20 2008 There s a new drive in movie theater on Biscayne Bay Be sure to bring your boat Miami Herald Retrieved February 26 2021 Cuban Sandwich History of Cuban Sandwich History of Cubano Sandwich Whatscookingamerica net May 21 2015 Local Cuisine in Miami at Frommer s Frommers com Retrieved October 8 2012 Miami Cuisine Seafood Restaurants Guide Miami Dining Guide Miami New Times Archived from the original on July 20 2012 Retrieved October 8 2012 Miami Accents Why Locals Embrace That Heavy L Or Not WLRN WLRN TV and WLRN FM August 27 2013 Retrieved September 1 2013 Miami Accent Takes Speakers By Surprise Articles Sun Sentinel com June 13 2004 Archived from the original on August 20 2012 Retrieved October 8 2012 Miami Accents How Miamah Turned Into A Different Sort Of Twang WLRN WLRN TV amp WLRN FM August 26 2013 Retrieved September 1 2013 Haggin Patience August 27 2013 Miami Accents Why Locals Embrace That Heavy L Or Not Retrieved August 10 2015 Watts Gabriella August 26 2013 Miami Accents How Miamah Turned Into A Different Sort Of Twang Retrieved August 10 2015 Haggin Patience September 16 2013 English in the 305 has its own distinct Miami sound Miami Herald Archived from the original on December 3 2013 About the Club Inter Miami CF Retrieved February 27 2022 The Official website of the Miami Dolphins Miami Dolphins Retrieved July 31 2022 Miami HEAT Team Homepage HEAT com Retrieved February 26 2022 Miami Marlins Franchise Timeline Marlins com Retrieved February 26 2022 Official website of the Florida Panthers NHL com National Hockey League Retrieved February 27 2022 Miami Grand Prix to join F1 calendar in 2022 with exciting new circuit planned Formula1 com April 18 2021 Retrieved March 9 2022 Track History and Records homestead Miami speedway com Retrieved March 9 2022 About FTX Arena FTX Arena Retrieved October 23 2022 Orange Bowl History Orange Bowl Retrieved October 23 2022 University of Miami Athletics Official Athletics Website Miami Hurricanes Retrieved October 23 2022 FIU Athletics FIUsports com Retrieved October 23 2022 Florida Paso Fino Horse Association floridapfha org Retrieved October 23 2022 FIFA announces hosts cities for FIFA World 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Retrieved July 31 2022 Why Keiser Keiser University Retrieved July 31 2022 Manchester Business School opens Miami base BBC News June 8 2010 Retrieved July 31 2022 Miami Dade College Miami Culinary Institute mdc com Retrieved July 31 2022 About MDC Miami Dade College Retrieved July 31 2022 Miami International University of Art amp Design The Art Institutes artinstitutes edu Retrieved July 31 2022 Nova Southeastern University Homepage nova edu Retrieved July 31 2022 About St Thomas University Retrieved February 27 2022 History and Mission of Southeastern College July 2 2015 Retrieved February 27 2022 About the Yeshiva Retrieved February 27 2022 About UM University of Miami miami edu Retrieved February 26 2022 Miami Dade County Public Schools PDF The Broad Foundation Archived from the original PDF on April 13 2008 Retrieved April 18 2008 Gold Medal Schools U S News amp World Report November 12 2007 Retrieved April 18 2008 Ortega Cristina M February 16 1997 Lessons to bridge cultural differences Miami Herald Miami Florida pp 1 18 19 Clipping of first and of second and third pages from Newspapers com ホーム Miami Hoshuko Retrieved April 30 2014 Local Television Market Universe Estimates PDF nielsen Archived from the original PDF on March 17 2011 Retrieved January 6 2011 It s Moving Day for Miami Herald Staff Reporters CBSMiami May 16 2013 Retrieved July 28 2013 Univision Announces Launch of Univision Studios Press release Business Wire December 7 2009 Retrieved October 30 2010 Top 50 Radio Markets Ranked By Metro 12 Population Spring 2005 Northwestern University Media Management Center Archived from the original on April 19 2008 Retrieved April 20 2008 Top 50 TV markets ranked by households Northwestern University Media Management Center Archived from the original on April 19 2008 Retrieved April 20 2008 Means of Transportation to Work by Age Census Reporter Archived from the original on May 19 2018 Car Ownership in U S Cities Data and Map Governing December 9 2014 Retrieved May 18 2018 Reaney Patricia May 15 2007 Miami drivers named the rudest Reuters Retrieved September 2 2007 Dangerous Pedestrian Cities CBS News Associated Press December 2 2004 Retrieved September 2 2007 American Community Survey Census gov Retrieved June 27 2009 Facts and usage statistics about public transit in Miami US Global Public Transit Index by Moovit Retrieved June 19 2017 Material was copied from this source which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4 0 International License Projects Miami Central Station Miami Intermodal Center Micdot com Retrieved October 30 2010 Miami airport transit hub on the way to bringing planes trains automobiles under one roof Miami Herald Retrieved August 28 2014 Turnbell Michael October 15 2014 Tri Rail station at Miami airport delayed until January Sun Sentinel Retrieved October 30 2014 The official website of the Miami International Airport Miami International Airport Retrieved October 23 2022 Southwest Airlines Cities Southwest Airlines Retrieved October 30 2008 Cycling and walking miamiherald com Miami Herald Retrieved October 7 2009 Miami becoming more bike friendly South Florida Business Journal Southflorida bizjournals com April 6 2010 Retrieved October 30 2010 2011 City and Neighborhood Rankings Walk Score 2011 Retrieved August 28 2011 Agadir Maroc Presentation de la ville d agadir Histoire economie geographie et cultures Agadirnet Archived from the original on December 29 2014 Mayor Noguera signs a sisterhood agreement with Miami Spanish El Heraldo Retrieved May 24 2020 a b c d e f g h i j Mayor s International Council Sister Cities Program City of Miami Archived from the original on May 26 2007 Retrieved July 13 2007 姉妹 友好 兄弟都市 Sister cities in Japanese Kagoshima International Affairs Division Archived from the original on June 2 2013 Retrieved August 8 2013 Taiwan Headlines Archived from the original on September 28 2007 Madrid and Miami sign up as twin towns latino foxnews June 23 2014 Archived from the original on July 14 2014 Retrieved July 13 2014 Murcia Spain Wants to Boost Ties with Sister City Miami Originated from the Miami Herald Knight Ridder Tribune Business News Archived from the original on September 30 2007 Clipped from the Miami Herald The Miami Herald April 7 1986 p 63 Sister Cities Miami Florida Palermo Italy PDF Archived from the original PDF on April 2 2015 Retrieved February 28 2015 Southampton and Miami Florida become sister cities at ceremonial signing event Southampton City Council Retrieved June 14 2019 Lisboa Geminacoes de Cidades e Vilas Lisbon Twinning of Cities and Towns in Portuguese Associacao Nacional de Municipios Portugueses National Association of Portuguese Municipalities Retrieved August 23 2013 Acordos de Geminacao de Cooperacao e ou Amizade da Cidade de Lisboa Lisbon Twinning Agreements Cooperation and Friendship in Portuguese Camara Municipal de Lisboa Archived from the original on October 31 2013 Retrieved August 23 2013 Miami Yerucham Partnership Greater Miami Jewish Federation Retrieved January 7 2018 Further reading EditElizabeth M Aranda Sallie Hughes and Elena Sabogal Making a Life in Multiethnic Miami Immigration and the Rise of a Global City Boulder Colorado Renner 2014 External links EditMiami at Wikipedia s sister projects Definitions from Wiktionary Media from Commons News from Wikinews Quotations from Wikiquote Texts from Wikisource Textbooks from Wikibooks Travel information from Wikivoyage Resources from Wikiversity City of Miami official site Greater Miami Convention and Visitors Bureau Portals Florida Geography United States North America Cities Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Miami amp oldid 1131969158, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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