January 2 – King Amangkurat II of Mataram (located on the island of Java, part of modern-day Indonesia), invites Trunajaya, who had led a failed rebellion against him until his surrender on December 26, for a ceremonial visit to the royal palace. After Trunajaya arrives, King Amangkurat stabs his guest to death.
January 24 – William Harris, one of the four English Puritans who established the Plymouth Colony and then the Providence Plantations at Rhode Island in 1636, is captured by Algerian pirates, when his ship is boarded while he is making a voyage back to England. After being sold into slavery on February 23, he remains a slave until ransom is paid. He dies in 1681, three days after his return to England.
February 12 – The Marquis de Croissy, Charles Colbert, becomes France's Minister of Foreign Affairs and serves for 16 years until his death, when he is succeeded as Foreign Minister by his son Jean-Baptiste Colbert.
February 22 – Catherine Deshayes Monvoisin, a fortune teller in France who organized a ring of killers in what became known as the "Affair of the Poisons" that killed at least 1,000 people, is burned at the stake after being convicted of witchcraft. In all, 36 people are executed for their role in the poisoning.
March 25 – Troops sent by the Sultan of Morocco, Ismail Ibn Sharif, begin a blockade of the port of Tangier, occupied by the English and located on the North African coast. Palmes Fairborne is dispatched to defend Tangier as the colonial governor and commander-in-chief of English forces.
April 21 – Prince Rajaram Bhosle, the 10-year-old son of the Shivaji, the Chhatrapati (Emperor) of the Maratha Empire in India, is installed on the throne as the new Emperor, less than three weeks after the death of his father. Sambhaji Bhosle, the eldest son of Shivaji, learns the news while imprisoned at Panhala and makes plans to escape prison and take over the throne.
April 27 – Prince Sambhaji and fellow prisoners kill the commander of the Panhala prison and take control of the fort, as he makes plans to become ruler of the Maratha Empire.
April 30 – The first FrenchHuguenots in the New World arrive at Charleston, South Carolina, as 45 of the religious exiles arrive at Oyster Point on the ship Richmond, after being sent there by King Charles II of England.[2]
June 10 – England and Spain sign a mutual defense treaty.[3]
June 11 – Elizabeth Cellier, an English Catholic midwife, is tried and acquitted of treason for pamphleting against the government.
June 16 – Sambhaji Bhosle and his troops capture Raigad, the capital of the Maratha Empire and Sambhaji becomes the new Chhatrapati or Emperor. Sambhaji deposes his younger brother Rajaram I and places Rajaram and Rajaram's mother under house arrest.
August 10 – A Pueblo medicine man named Popé begins an attack by the Puebloans and their Apache allies on Spanish outposts throughout what is the modern-day U.S. state of New Mexico, choosing the campaign to begin before a supply caravan can reach the Spaniards.[4]
A four month truce between England and Morocco expires and the Alcaid Omar, Viceroy of Morocco, begins a bombardment of the English fort at Tangier.[6]
A treaty is concluded between the Dutch Republic and the Ottoman Empire for Ottoman Sultan Mehmed IV and his subjects to apply Dutch law to Dutch visitors to Ottoman territory.[7]
September 21 – Spanish troops make a counterattack on Santa Fe in the modern-day U.S. state of New Mexico, allowing the remaining Spanish troops in the besieged city to flee to El Paso (now in Texas).[4]
December 17 (December 7 O.S.) – The trial for treason of William Howard, 1st Viscount Stafford before his fellow members of the House of Lords having concluded after seven days, the Lords vote on whether to convict him of the articles of impeachment. The Lords vote, 55 to 31 to convict him and to impose the death sentence [13] and Lord Stafford is beheaded on 29 December (8 January 1681 N.S.)
Date unknownedit
Chambers of Reunion (French courts under Louis XIV) decide on the complete annexation of Alsace.
January 1 – Prince Muhammad Akbar, son of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb, initiates a civil war in India. With the support of troops from the Rajput states, Akbar declares himself the new Mughal Emperor and prepares to fight his father, but is ultimately defeated.
January 18 – The "Exclusion Bill Parliament", summoned by King Charles II of England in October, is dissolved after three months, with directions that new elections be held, and that a new parliament be convened in March in Oxford.
March 21 – The "Oxford Parliament" is summoned in England by King Charles II and meets in Oxford rather than in Westminster, but is dissolved seven days later. No further sessions of parliament are held until after the death of Charles in 1685.
May 15 – The Canal du Midi in France is opened officially, as the Canal Royal de Languedoc.[15]
June 23 – The Church of the East, an Eastern Orthodox rite in Mesopotamia (now Iraq), already split between two patriarchs in the Eliya line and the Shimun line, is split along a third line by the Roman Catholic Church when Mar Yousip of the Archdiocese of Amid (now Diyarbakır in Turkey) is proclaimed by Pope Innocent XI as Joseph I, "Patriarch of the Chaldean nation deprived of its patriarch", creating the "Josephite line" of the Chaldean Catholic Church.
October 27 – Sir John Child of England becomes the new Governor of Bombay province and, unofficially, Governor-General of all of the settlements of the East India Company in India. With the exception of a rebellion by Captain Richard Keigwin during the year 1684, Child expands British control until involving the British in a war with the Mughal Empire.
November 29 – A storm strikes the Isthmus of Panama and overwhelms the Spanish Navy's Flota de Tierra Firma, sinking the ship Nuestra Señora de Encarnación in the Chagres River. The Encarnación wreckage is not found until almost 340 years later, in 2011, mostly intact and still loaded with most of its cargo.
December 3 – Another ship in the Flota de Terra Firma, Nuestra Señora de la Soledad, sinks in the Chagres River with the loss of its 280 crew.
January 7 – The Republic of Genoa forbids the unauthorized printing of newspapers and all handwritten newssheets; the ban is lifted after three months.
January 12 – Scottish minister James Renwick, one of the Covenanters resisting the Scottish government's suppression of alternate religious views, publishes the Declaration of Lanark.
January 21 – The Ottoman Empire army is mobilized in preparation for a war against Austria that culminates with the 1683 Battle of Vienna.
March 22 – A fire breaks out in Newmarket, Suffolk, consuming half the town and spreading into sections of surrounding Cambridgeshire. Historian Laurence Echard describes it later as "A Providential Fire", noting that King Charles II "by the approach of the fury of the flames was immediately driven out of his own palace", and, after moving to safety in another section of town, was forced to flee again "when the wind, as conducted by an invisible power, suddenly changed about, and blew the smoke and cinders directly on his new lodgings, and in a moment made them as untenable as the other."[20]
May 7 (April 27 O.S.) – Upon the death of the Tsar Feodor III of Russia, Feodor's younger brother, 15-year-old Ivan is passed over in favor of a half-brother, 10-year-old Peter.
May 11 – The Moscow Uprising of 1682 occurs when a mob, outraged by the rejection of Prince Ivan and upset over rumors that Ivan has been strangled, invades the Kremlin and lynches the leading boyars and military commanders. Ivan V and Peter I are named co-rulers of Russia as a result of a compromise between Peter's mother Natalya Naryshkina and Ivan's mother Maria Miloslavskaya and both are crowned a month later.
June 8 – The English trading freighter Johanna is wrecked off of the coast of South Africa with the loss of 10 of her 114 crew, becoming the first of Britain's East India Company fleet to be lost.
August 6 – The Ottoman Empire declares war on the Holy Roman Empire and makes plans to attack Vienna.
August 12 – Vesuvius begins a period of volcanic activity lasting for 10 days.
August 23 – A comet that will later become known as Comet Halley, is observed from several locations on Earth after reaching magnitude 2 and becoming visible to the naked eye. Arthur Storer sees it from the North American colony of Maryland, while German astronomer Johannes Hevelius measures it from Danzig (now Gdansk in Poland). [21]Edmond Halley successfully predicts that it will return in 1758.
December 11 – William Penn meets with Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore for the first discussion of the boundary between the colonies of Pennsylvania and Maryland, fixed at 40 degrees north. Recognizing that 40° north would remove Pennsylvania's access to the sea, Penn proposes a purchase of some of Maryland's territory.
December 27 – Colonists from the German electorate of Brandenburg arrive at Akwidaa on the Brandenburger Gold Coast at what is now Ghana and, five days later, begin building a fort at what is now Princes Town.
Date unknownedit
Celia Fiennes, noblewoman and traveller, begins her journeys across Britain, in a venture that will prove to be her life's work. Her aim is to chronicle the towns, cities and great houses of the country. Her travels continue until at least 1712, and will take her to every county in England, though the main body of her journal is not written until the year 1702.
The Richard Wall House, believed to be the longest continuously inhabited residence in the US, is built in Pennsylvania.
January 27 – Gove's Rebellion breaks out in the Province of New Hampshire in North America as a revolt against the Royal Governor, Edward Cranfield. Most of the participants, and their leader Edward Gove, are arrested. Gowe is convicted of treason but pardoned three years later.
March 17 – In a battle at Kalyan (near Bombay) between the Maratha Empire and the Mughal Empire in India, Maratha General Hambirrao Mohite defeats the local Mughal official, Ranamast Khan.
July 21 – The gruesome execution of Lord Russell, for his role in the 1683 Rye House Plot to assassinate King Charles II of England, is carried out by the royal executioner Jack Ketch, who wields his axe in a manner requiring multiple blows to make Russell suffer as much as possible during the beheading. [24]
August 4 – Turhan, in the powerful role of the Valide sultan of the Ottoman Empire since 1648 as the mother of Sultan Mehmed IV, dies at the age of 56, bringing an end to the era in Ottoman history known as the "Sultanate of Women". Upon the overthrow of Mehmed IV four years later, the role of the mother of the Ottoman Sultan is less powerful.
August 25 – The Earl of Limerick, Irishman Thomas Dongan, takes office as the new British Colonial Governor of the Province of New York and makes major reforms to restore public order and rescue the province from bankruptcy.
Battle of Vienna: The Ottoman siege of the city is broken with the arrival of a force of 70,000 Poles, Austrians and Germans under Polish–Lithuanian king Jan III Sobieski, whose cavalry turns their flank. The victory marks a turning point in the Ottoman Empire's fortunes and the end of the Turkish attempt to expand its control into Western Europe. [25]
October 6 – Germantown, Philadelphia is founded as the first permanent German settlement in North America (in 1983 U.S. President Ronald Reagan declares a 300th Year Celebration, and in 1987, it becomes an annual holiday, German-American Day).
George Ducas, the Prince of Moldavia installed by the Ottomans in 1678, is arrested by Polish authorities while on his way back to Bucharest from the defeat by Poland in the Battle of Vienna. Ducas is replaced by Ștefan Petriceicu.
December 27 – Richard Keigwin leads a rebellion against the East India Company to take over as Governor of Bombay and most of the British territory in India, driving out Governor Sir John Child and arresting the Deputy Governor, Charles Ward. Keigwin surrenders the office less than a year later.
January 15 (January 5 O.S.) – To demonstrate that the River Thames, frozen solid during the Great Frost that started in December, is safe to walk upon, "a Coach and six horses drove over the Thames for a wager" and within three days "whole streets of Booths are built on the Thames and thousands of people are continually walking thereon." Sir Richard Newdigate, 2nd Baronet, records the events in his diary.[30]
February 7 – Morocco retakes control of the city of Tangier from England, which had controlled the North African port since 1661.[34] During the five months prior to evacuation of the English from the city, the Governor, Lord Dartmouth had ordered the destruction of the wall around the city, its fortifications and port facilities that had been built by the English during the occupation.
February 8 – Prince Dumitrașcu Cantacuzino returns to the throne of the principality of Moldavia for a third reign but is overthrown 14 months later on June 25. In 1859, Moldavia will unite with neighboring Wallachia to form the Kingdom of Romania.
February 15 (February 5 O.S.) – The Great Frost in Britain, during which the River Thames was frozen in London and the sea as far as 2 miles (3.2 km) out from land and which started the previous December, ends as the Thames begins to thaw. William Maitland later writes that the Frost, which started in December 1683, "congealed the river Thames to that degree that another city, as it were, was erected thereon; where by the great number of streets and shops, with their rich furniture, it represented a great fair, with a variety of carriages, and diversions of all sorts."[35] During the freeze, there had been great loss of beast and of wildlife, especially birds, and similar reports from across Northern Europe.[36] The Chipperfield's Circus dynasty began during the freeze, with James Chipperfield introducing performing animals to the country at the Frost Fair on the Thames in London.
March 19 – In Japan, the Tenna era ends on the 21st day of the 2nd month of the Chinese calendar of the 4th year of the Tenna era and the Jōkyō era begins as Japan's royal astronomer, Shibukawa Shunkai institutes the Jōkyō calendar to replace Chinese calendar which had been used in Japan since 859 AD, after calculating that the length of the solar year is 365.2417 days.[39]
May 18 – The French Navy begins a 10-day bombardment of the Italian city of Genoa in the course of the War of the Reunions between France and the Republic of Genoa. During the fight, the French fleet, commanded by Abraham Duquesne, fires almost 13,000 cannonballs, pausing only during a cease-fire on May 21 and May 22, and uses the new technology of explosive bombs. When the bombardment ends on May 28, two-thirds of the city has been destroyed or damaged.[40]
October 7 – Japanese Chief Minister Hotta Masatoshi is assassinated, leaving Shōgun Tokugawa Tsunayoshi without any adequate advisors, leading him to issue impractical edicts and create hardships for the Japanese people.
November 8 – James Renwick, a Scottish minister and one of the "Covenanters" challenging the attempt by Kings James VI and Charles I to take over churches in Scotland, posts his "Apologetical Declaration" on church doors and market crosses in and around Cambusnethan, Lanarkshire.[46]
Japanese poet Ihara Saikaku composes 23,500 verses in 24 hours at the Sumiyoshi-taisha (shrine) at Osaka; the scribes cannot keep pace with his dictation and just count the verses.[50]
The British East India Company receives Chinese permission to build a trading station at Canton.[51]Tea sells in Europe for less than a shilling a pound, but the import duty of 5 shillings makes it too expensive for most English people to afford; hence smuggled tea is drunk much more than legally imported tea.
January 8 – Almost 200 people are arrested in Coventry by English authorities for gathering to hear readings of the sermons of the non-conformist Protestant minister Obadiah Grew
February 4 – A treaty is signed between Brandenburg-Prussia and the indigenous chiefs at Takoradi in what is now Ghana to permit the German colonists to build a third fort on the Brandenburger Gold Coast. [53]
March 28 – An attack on a Mughal Empire envoy, Khwajah Abdur Rahim, outside of the Maratha fortress at the Bijapur Fort in India leads to a siege of the city by the forces of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. The siege lasts for 15 months before Bijapur surrenders.
September 29 – The first organised street lighting is introduced by the city of London in England, as Edward Hemming begins carrying out his contract to be paid for lighting an oil lamp "at every tenth house on main streets between 6 PM and midnight between September 29 and March 25" on nights in the autumn and winter without adequate moonlight. [57]
October–Decemberedit
October 22 – Louis XIV of France issues the Edict of Fontainebleau, which revokes the Edict of Nantes and declares Protestantism illegal, thereby depriving Huguenots of civil rights. Their Temple de Charenton-le-Pont is immediately demolished and many flee to England, Prussia and elsewhere.
December 3 – King Charles XI of Sweden issues an order banning Jews from settling in Sweden, particularly in the capital at Stockholm "on account of the danger of the eventual influence of the Jewish religion on the pure evangelical faith." [58]
December 10 – In what is now Thailand, King Narai of Ayutthaya signs a treaty with representatives of France at Lopburi, allowing Roman Catholic missionaries to preach the Gospel and exempting Thai Catholics from work on Sunday, as well as appointing a special court to settle disputes between Thai Christians and non-Christians.
January 3 – In Madras (now Chennai) in India, local residents employed by the East India Company threaten to boycott their jobs after corporate administrator William Gyfford imposes a house tax on residences within the city walls. Gyfford places security forces at all entrances to the city and threatens to banish anyone who fails to pay their taxes, as well as to confiscate the goods of merchants who refuse to make sales.[61] A compromise is reached the next day on the amount of the taxes. [62]
January 17 – King Louis XIV of France reports the success of the Edict of Fontainebleau, issued on October 22 against the Protestant Huguenots, and reports that after less than three months, the vast majority of the Huguenot population had left the country.[63]
January 31 – In the wake of the success of France's campaign against Protestantism, Victor Amadeus II, the Duke of Savoy, issues an edict against the Valdesi, the Duchy's Protestant minority, setting a 15-day deadline for members of the Valdesi to publicly renounce their beliefs as erroneous, or face banishment or death.[64] The February 15 deadline is ignored.
February 15 – After the Valdesi in the Duchy of Savoy decline to obey the edict to convert to Catholicism, Duke Victor Amadeus dispatches a force of 9,000 French and Piedmontese soldiers to enforce the edict.
February 22 – Sweden's Council of State endorses the reforms proposed by King Charles XI for the Swedish Church Law 1686, after having debated it in three sessions on February 18, 19 and 20.[65] The law confirms and describes the rights of the Lutheran Church and confirms Sweden as a Lutheran state; all non-Lutherans are banned from immigration unless they convert to Lutheranism; the Romani people are to be incorporated to the Lutheran Church; the poor care law is regulated; and all parishes are forced by law to teach the children within them to read and write, in order to learn the scripture, which closely eradicates illiteracy in Sweden.[66]
February 27 – Gabriel Milan, the controversial Governor of the Danish West Indies since 1684, is removed from office by order of King Frederick III and placed under arrest for treason. Three years later, after being found guilty in a trial after being brought back to Copenhagen, Milan is beheaded on March 26, 1689.[67]
March 3 – A group of 107 French Canadian soldiers, under the command of Pierre de Troyes, begins the Hudson Bay expedition, departing from Montreal on an 800-mile (1,300 km) journey to take control of the properties of British North American settlers of the Hudson's Bay Company.[68] The group marches for 82 days and arrives at the first Hudson's Bay fort, at Moose Factory on June 19.[69]
April–Juneedit
April 9 – As the Valdesi rebellion continues, the Duke of Savoy issues a second edict, giving the Protestant Valdesi eight days to lay down their arms and allows safe passage into exile for those who agree.
April 22 – In the wake of Savoy's newest repression of the Protestant Valdesi, a third war breaks out and Protestant pastor Henri Arnaud leads the resistance with 3,000 rebel soldiers against 8,500 Savoyard soldiers and mercenaries. The Valdesi are overwhelmed within one month.
May 25 – The third war against the Protestant Valdesi ends. Soon afterward, 2,000 of the Valdesi are massacred, 8,500 taken prisoner and about 3,000 surviving civilians forcibly resettled and converted to Catholicism.
July 18 – An army of 3,000 Chinese troops demand Russian surrender of a Russian Empire fortress at Albazino on the Amur River. The fortress is manned by only 736 Russian soldiers and militia but is armed with cannons. Over the next several weeks, the Chinese troops are joined by another 3,000 men in supply boats, but the Russians hold off the attacks for the next five months. By December, only 24 Russians remain, and Albazino is ceded to China in 1689.
August 4 – Portuguese soldiers hired by the East India Company mutiny rather than follow orders to join the war in Bengal. The ringleaders are quickly arrested and executed, and the mutiny ends.
August 15 – Christina, who had ruled as the monarch of Sweden until her abdication in 1654 in favor of her cousin Charles, responds to the revocation in France of the Edict of Nantz and declares that Jews within Sweden will be under her protection.
August 16 – King James VII of Scotland dismisses the Parliament of Scotland after the members refuse to remove restrictions on Roman Catholics and on Protestants outside of the Church of Scotland and the Church of England. The Parliament does not meet again for more than two and a half years.
August 17 – Spanish troops attack and plunder the Scottish colony of Stuarts Town in the Province of Carolina (now Port Royal, South Carolina) and plunder the city.[79] After three days, the Spaniards begin a march of over 75 miles (121 km) toward the larger port city of Charles Town.
September 30 – The Ottoman fortress of Sinj in Dalmatia falls to the army of the Republic of Venice.[82]
October–Decemberedit
October 17 – As the Savoyard–Waldensian wars, draw to a close, the Duke of Savoy announces that the Protestant Valdisi defenders will be granted safe passage to Switzerland, and that children taken during the war will be allowed to return to their families.[83] By January, a little more than 2,500 Valdisi take the offer.
October 22 – In the Great Turkish War, the Siege of Pécs ends when the Ottoman-held city, located across the Danube River from the recent liberated Buda, surrenders[84] to Austrian troops of the Holy League, continuing the Austrian assumption of control of Hungary.[85] Buda and Pécs are later combined to form the Hungarian city (and now capital) of Budapest.
October 31 – Anglurah Agung, the virtual leader of the island of Bali as king of the paramount state of Gelgel, is killed in battle fighting Batu Lepang (who also dies in the fighting), ending the unification of the island (now part of Indonesia) and causing Bali to split into several principalities.
November 26 – The Treaty of Whitehall, more formerly the Treaty of Neutrality for America, is signed at the Palace of Whitehall in Westminster between representatives of King Louis XIV of France and King James II of England, with both sides pledging that "though the two Countries might be at war in Europe their Colonies in America should continue in peace and Neutrality".[87] The treaty is broken less than two years later when King William's War breaks out in what is now the U.S. state of Maine.
English historian and naturalist Robert Plot publishes The Natural History of Staffordshire, a collection of illustrations and texts detailing the history of the county.[90] It is the first document known to mention crop circles[91] and a double sunset.[92]
January 3 – With the end of latest of the Savoyard–Waldensian wars in the Duchy of Savoy between the Savoyard government and Protestant Italians known as the Waldensians, Victor Amadeus III, Duke of Savoy, carries out the release of 3,847 surviving prisoners and their families, who had forcibly been converted to Catholicism, and permits the group to emigrate to Switzerland.
January 8 – Richard Talbot, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell, is appointed as the last Lord Deputy of Ireland by the English crown, and begins efforts to include more Roman Catholic Irishmen in the administration. Upon the removal of King James II in England and Scotland, the Earl of Tyrconnell loses his job and is replaced by James, who reigns briefly as King of Ireland until William III establishes his rule over the isle.
January 27 – In one of the most sensational cases in England in the 17th century, midwife Mary Hobry murders her abusive husband, Denis Hobry, after he beats her up for the last time. Mary then dismembers his body and scatters the remains in a dunghill and in several outhouses (or privies) in the area. Despite a defense of justifiable homicide, Mary is convicted of murder and burned at the stake.
February 12 – The Declaration of Indulgence is issued in Scotland by King James VII as one of the first steps in establishing freedom of religion in the British Isles, eliminating enforcement of criminal penalties against persons who failed to conform with Anglicanism. As King James II of England, he issues a similar declaration on April 4.
April 26 – The Spanish city of Guayaquil (now part of Ecuador) is attacked and looted by English and French pirates under the command of George Hout (English) and Pierre Le Picard and Francois Groniet (French). [98] Of more than 260 pirates, 35 are killed and 46 were wounded; 75 defenders of the city died and more than 100 are wounded.
June 14 – In one of the few actions on land in the Anglo-Siamese War, English sailors on the coast of Mergui in Burma (now Myeik, Myanmar) are massacred by Siamese troops.
October 20 – An estimated 8.7 magnitude earthquake strikes 50 kilometres (31 mi) off of the coast of Peru and kills at least 5,000 people, primarily from a tsunami that washes away the city of Pisco and causes severe damage to the Spanish colonial cities of Lima, Callao and Ica. [99]
October 31 – The legend of the Charter Oak begins as a successful attempt to hide the 1662 Royal Charter of the British colony (and now a U.S. state) of Connecticut after Edmund Andros, the Governor of the Dominion of New England, makes a mission of attempting to confiscate the founding documents for the seven colonies that make up the new administrative area. After Governor Andros arrives in Hartford and comes to the tavern of Zachariah Sanford to demand the Connecticut Colony charter, Captain Joseph Wadsworth spirits the parchment away from the and hides the Charter in a hollowed out portion of a white oak tree on Wyllys Hyll until Andros is recalled to London. [100]
December 31 – In response to the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, a group of Huguenots set sail from France, and settle in the recently established Dutch colony at the Cape of Good Hope, where, using their native skills, they establish the first South African vineyards.
January 2 – Fleeing from the Spanish Navy, French pirate Raveneau de Lussan and his 70 men arrive on the west coast of Nicaragua, sink their boats, and make a difficult 10 day march to the city of Ocotal.[101]
March – William Dampier makes the first recorded visit to Christmas Island, now a territory of Australia, located south of the island of Java (now part of Indonesia).
June 10 – The birth of James Francis Edward Stuart (later known as the Old Pretender), son and heir to James II of England and his Catholic wife Mary of Modena, at St James's Palace in London, increases public disquiet about a Catholic dynasty, particularly when the baby is baptised into the Catholic faith. Rumours about his true maternity swiftly begin to circulate.
June 24 – French forces under Chevalier de Beauregard abandon their garrison at Mergui, following repeated Siamese attacks; this ultimately leads to their withdrawal from the country.[118]
September 24 – Louis XIV publishes his manifesto Memoire de raisons, which lists his grievances and demands. He cites three major things as grievances: Wilhelm Egon von Fürstenberg, who had been earlier elected to be the coadjutor-archbishop of Cologne with support of Louis being vetoed by the pope, the continued aggressions and forming of alliances against France and providing an alternative to Fürstenberg in the Cologne election by the Holy Roman Empire, and Philip William becoming Elector Palatine and seizing the territory, which he believed belonged to Elizabeth Charlotte.[124]
November 15 (November 5 OS) – The Glorious Revolution begins: William of Orange lands at Torbay, England with a multinational force of 20,000 soldiers.[129] He makes no claim to the British Crown, saying only that he has come to save Protestantism and to maintain English liberty, and begins a march on London.
November 19 (November 9 OS) – William of Orange captures Exeter, after the magistrates flee the city.[130]
November 20 (November 10 OS) – The Wincanton Skirmish between forces loyal to James II led by Patrick Sarsfield and a party of Dutch troops is one of the few armed clashes in England during the Glorious Revolution.[131]
December 9 – The Battle of Reading takes place in Reading, Berkshire. It is the only substantial military action in England during the Glorious Revolution and ends in a decisive victory for forces loyal to William of Orange.
March 27 – Japanese haiku master Bashō sets out on his last great voyage, which will result in the prose and verse classic Oku no Hosomichi ("Narrow Road to the Interior").
The Siege of Derry begins in Ireland as former King James II arrives at the gates of Derry and asks for its surrender during the Williamite War in Ireland. The Protestant defenders refuse and the siege lasts until August 1 when it is abandoned. .[142]
William and Mary accept the Scottish throne a month after the Scottish Parliament votes to depose King James VII
May 12 – Nine Years' War: With England and the Netherlands now both ruled by William III, they join the Grand Alliance (League of Augsburg), thus escalating the conflict, which continues until 1697. This is also the effective beginning of King William's War, the first of four North American Wars (until 1763) between English and French colonists, both sides allied to Native American tribes. The nature of the fighting is a series of raids on each other's settlements, across the Canadian and New England borders.
August 12 – Innocent XI (Benedetto Odescalchi, b. 1611), Pope since 1676, dies. He played a major part in founding both the League of Augsburg, against Louis XIV, and the Holy League, against the Ottoman Empire.
Roman Catholic cardinals convene in Rome for a papal conclave to elect a successor to Pope Innocent XI. The conclave lasts until October 6.
Gravely ill, the Empress Xiaoyiren is proclaimed empress by her husband, China's Kangxi Emperor, after having been Imperial Noble Consort since 1682. She dies the next day.
September 8 – The Siege of Mainz (in the modern-day Rheinland-Pfalz state of Germany), which had started on June 1, ends after almost three months, as French General Nicolas Chalon du Blé surrenders the walled city to the armies of Austria and the Dutch Republic.
September 9 – King William brings England into a military alliance with the Holy Roman Empire in a fight against France in the Nine Years War.
October 6 – The papal conclave in Rome unanimously elects Pietro Vito Ottoboni as the new Pope. Ottoboni takes the name Alexander VIII and succeeds Pope Innocent XI, to become the 241st pope, the first Venetian to hold the office in over 200 years.
December 10 – A great comet is visible from Pekin and sightings continue until December 24th, including many from Dutch ships near the equator.[148]
December 16 – The Bill of Rights (An Act Declaring the Rights and Liberties of the Subject and Settling the Succession of the Crown), drawn up by the Convention Parliament of England to establish constitutional monarchy in England, but with Roman Catholics barred from the throne, receives royal assent; it will remain substantially in force into the 21st century.
1680s, decade, from, january, 1680, december, 1689, 1681, last, dodo, killed, contents, events, 1680, january, march, april, june, july, september, october, december, date, unknown, 1681, january, march, april, june, july, september, october, december, date, u. The 1680s decade ran from January 1 1680 to December 31 1689 In 1681 the last dodo was killed Contents 1 Events 1 1 1680 1 1 1 January March 1 1 2 April June 1 1 3 July September 1 1 4 October December 1 1 5 Date unknown 1 2 1681 1 2 1 January March 1 2 2 April June 1 2 3 July September 1 2 4 October December 1 2 5 Date unknown 1 3 1682 1 3 1 January March 1 3 2 April June 1 3 3 July September 1 3 4 October December 1 3 5 Date unknown 1 4 1683 1 4 1 January March 1 4 2 April June 1 4 3 July September 1 4 4 October December 1 4 5 Date unknown 1 5 1684 1 5 1 January March 1 5 2 April June 1 5 3 July September 1 5 4 October December 1 5 5 Date unknown 1 6 1685 1 6 1 January March 1 6 2 April June 1 6 3 July September 1 6 4 October December 1 6 5 Date unknown 1 7 1686 1 7 1 January March 1 7 2 April June 1 7 3 July September 1 7 4 October December 1 7 5 Date unknown 1 8 1687 1 8 1 January March 1 8 2 April June 1 8 3 July December 1 8 4 October December 1 9 1688 1 9 1 January March 1 9 2 April June 1 9 3 July September 1 9 4 October December 1 9 5 Date unknown 1 10 1689 1 10 1 January March 1 10 2 April June 1 10 3 July September 1 10 4 October December 1 10 5 Date unknown 2 Births 3 Deaths 4 ReferencesEvents1680 This section is transcluded from 1680 edit history January March edit January 2 King Amangkurat II of Mataram located on the island of Java part of modern day Indonesia invites Trunajaya who had led a failed rebellion against him until his surrender on December 26 for a ceremonial visit to the royal palace After Trunajaya arrives King Amangkurat stabs his guest to death January 24 William Harris one of the four English Puritans who established the Plymouth Colony and then the Providence Plantations at Rhode Island in 1636 is captured by Algerian pirates when his ship is boarded while he is making a voyage back to England After being sold into slavery on February 23 he remains a slave until ransom is paid He dies in 1681 three days after his return to England February 12 The Marquis de Croissy Charles Colbert becomes France s Minister of Foreign Affairs and serves for 16 years until his death when he is succeeded as Foreign Minister by his son Jean Baptiste Colbert February 16 Rev Ralph Davenant s will provides for foundation of the Davenant Foundation School for poor boys in Whitechapel in the East End of London 1 February 22 Catherine Deshayes Monvoisin a fortune teller in France who organized a ring of killers in what became known as the Affair of the Poisons that killed at least 1 000 people is burned at the stake after being convicted of witchcraft In all 36 people are executed for their role in the poisoning February 24 The German Duchy of Saxe Coburg is divided by treaty among the sons of the late Ernest I Duke of Saxe Gotha who had died in 1675 The oldest son Frederick receives Saxe Gotha Altenburg The rest is divided among Albert Duke of Saxe Coburg Bernhard Saxe Meiningen Henry Saxe Romhild Christian Saxe Eisenberg Ernest Saxe Hildburghausen and John Ernest Saxe Coburg Saalfeld March 24 The Earl of Shaftesbury informs the Privy Council of England that the Roman Catholics of Ireland were about to launch a rebellion backed by France The investigation leads to the arrest and ultimate execution of the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Armagh Oliver Plunkett March 25 Troops sent by the Sultan of Morocco Ismail Ibn Sharif begin a blockade of the port of Tangier occupied by the English and located on the North African coast Palmes Fairborne is dispatched to defend Tangier as the colonial governor and commander in chief of English forces March 27 The London Penny Post delivery service begins operations after being created by Robert Murray and William Dockwra with a policy of delivering letters to any part of London or its suburbs for the price of one English penny March 30 A total eclipse of the Sun takes place and is visible over central Africa with totality over the Opala Territory in the modern day Democratic Republic of the Congo April June edit April 21 Prince Rajaram Bhosle the 10 year old son of the Shivaji the Chhatrapati Emperor of the Maratha Empire in India is installed on the throne as the new Emperor less than three weeks after the death of his father Sambhaji Bhosle the eldest son of Shivaji learns the news while imprisoned at Panhala and makes plans to escape prison and take over the throne April 27 Prince Sambhaji and fellow prisoners kill the commander of the Panhala prison and take control of the fort as he makes plans to become ruler of the Maratha Empire April 30 The first French Huguenots in the New World arrive at Charleston South Carolina as 45 of the religious exiles arrive at Oyster Point on the ship Richmond after being sent there by King Charles II of England 2 May 6 King Charles XI of Sweden marries Princess Elonora daughter of the late King Frederick III of Denmark Norway and sister of King Christian V May The volcano Krakatoa erupts probably on a relatively small scale June 4 Tokugawa Tsunayoshi becomes the new Shōgun of Japan upon the death of his older brother Tokugawa Ietsuna who had been shōgun for 29 years June 10 England and Spain sign a mutual defense treaty 3 June 11 Elizabeth Cellier an English Catholic midwife is tried and acquitted of treason for pamphleting against the government June 16 Sambhaji Bhosle and his troops capture Raigad the capital of the Maratha Empire and Sambhaji becomes the new Chhatrapati or Emperor Sambhaji deposes his younger brother Rajaram I and places Rajaram and Rajaram s mother under house arrest June 22 The Sanquhar Declaration written by Richard Cameron leader of the Covenanters who oppose the control of religion in Scotland by King Charles is read aloud by Richard s brother Michael Cameron at the public square in the village of Sanquhar in Dumfriesshire June 30 During the Spanish Inquisition an auto da fe takes place in the Plaza Mayor Madrid July September edit July 8 The first documented tornado in America kills a servant at Cambridge Massachusetts August 10 A Pueblo medicine man named Pope begins an attack by the Puebloans and their Apache allies on Spanish outposts throughout what is the modern day U S state of New Mexico choosing the campaign to begin before a supply caravan can reach the Spaniards 4 August 20 August 10 Old Style The settlement of Karlskrona in Sweden is founded 5 as the Royal Swedish Navy relocates there August 21 In the Pueblo Revolt the native Pueblo people capture Santa Fe now in New Mexico from the Spanish colonists August 24 Comedie Francaise is founded by decree of Louis XIV of France as La maison de Moliere in Paris September 15 A four month truce between England and Morocco expires and the Alcaid Omar Viceroy of Morocco begins a bombardment of the English fort at Tangier 6 A treaty is concluded between the Dutch Republic and the Ottoman Empire for Ottoman Sultan Mehmed IV and his subjects to apply Dutch law to Dutch visitors to Ottoman territory 7 September 21 Spanish troops make a counterattack on Santa Fe in the modern day U S state of New Mexico allowing the remaining Spanish troops in the besieged city to flee to El Paso now in Texas 4 September 30 Robert Boyle having rediscovered the process of manufacturing phosphorus from bone ash deposits his summary of the directions with The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge 8 Boyle s assistant Ambrose Godfrey later develops Boyle s discovery to produce phosphorus commercially October December edit October 9 A massive 9 0 magnitude Mw earthquake destroys part of Malaga and other cities in the province of the same name 9 October 29 At the request of King Charles XI of Sweden the Riksdag in Sweden enacts the Great Reduction returning fiefs which had been granted to the Swedish nobility to the Crown The nation becomes an absolute monarchy under the rule of Charles 10 November 14 The Great Comet of 1680 is first sighted by Gottfried Kirch the first comet discovered by telescope 11 November 17 The Green Ribbon Club a predecessor of the British Whigs organizes a procession to burn an effigy of the Pope in London for the second year running 12 December 17 December 7 O S The trial for treason of William Howard 1st Viscount Stafford before his fellow members of the House of Lords having concluded after seven days the Lords vote on whether to convict him of the articles of impeachment The Lords vote 55 to 31 to convict him and to impose the death sentence 13 and Lord Stafford is beheaded on 29 December 8 January 1681 N S Date unknown edit Chambers of Reunion French courts under Louis XIV decide on the complete annexation of Alsace The first Portuguese governor is appointed to Macau Johann Pachelbel writes his Canon in D Major 1681 This section is transcluded from 1681 edit history January March edit January 1 Prince Muhammad Akbar son of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb initiates a civil war in India With the support of troops from the Rajput states Akbar declares himself the new Mughal Emperor and prepares to fight his father but is ultimately defeated January 3 The Treaty of Bakhchisarai is signed between the Ottoman vassal Crimean Khanate and the Russian Empire January 18 The Exclusion Bill Parliament summoned by King Charles II of England in October is dissolved after three months with directions that new elections be held and that a new parliament be convened in March in Oxford February 2 In India the Mughal Empire city of Burhanpur now in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh is sacked and looted by troops of the Maratha Empire on orders of the Maratha emperor the Chhatrapati Sambhaji General Hambirrao Mohite began the pillaging three days earlier March 4 In order to settle a debt of 16 000 King Charles II of England grants a land charter to William Penn for territory west of Delaware River in America between 40 N and 42 N later to be called Pennsylvania 14 March 21 The Oxford Parliament is summoned in England by King Charles II and meets in Oxford rather than in Westminster but is dissolved seven days later No further sessions of parliament are held until after the death of Charles in 1685 April June edit April 11 Following the death of its last count the Palatinate Landsberg passes to the King of Sweden May 15 The Canal du Midi in France is opened officially as the Canal Royal de Languedoc 15 June 23 The Church of the East an Eastern Orthodox rite in Mesopotamia now Iraq already split between two patriarchs in the Eliya line and the Shimun line is split along a third line by the Roman Catholic Church when Mar Yousip of the Archdiocese of Amid now Diyarbakir in Turkey is proclaimed by Pope Innocent XI as Joseph I Patriarch of the Chaldean nation deprived of its patriarch creating the Josephite line of the Chaldean Catholic Church July September edit July 1 Oliver Plunkett Roman Catholic Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland falsely convicted in June of treason is hanged drawn and quartered at Tyburn London the last Catholic martyr to die in England 16 he is canonised in 1975 July 23 The Bombardment of Chios during the French Tripolitania War 1681 1685 is part of a wider campaign by France against the Barbary Pirates in the 1680s August 10 English sea captain Robert Knox of the East India Company publishes his book An Historical Relation of the Island Ceylon about his adventures 20 years imprisonment and escape from Ceylon 17 August 12 Ahom King Gadadhar Singha or Gadapani who takes the Tai name Supaatphaa ascends the throne August 31 English perjurer Titus Oates is told to leave his state apartments in Whitehall his fame begins to wane and he is soon arrested and imprisoned for sedition September 30 France annexes the city of Strasbourg German Strassburg previously a free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire October December edit October 27 Sir John Child of England becomes the new Governor of Bombay province and unofficially Governor General of all of the settlements of the East India Company in India With the exception of a rebellion by Captain Richard Keigwin during the year 1684 Child expands British control until involving the British in a war with the Mughal Empire November 20 Don Melchor de Navarra Duke of Palata arrives in Lima after a voyage of almost 10 months from Spain and becomes the new Viceroy of Peru succeeding the Archbishop of Lima Melchor Linan y Cisneros who had administered the area since 1678 November 25 Cornelis Speelman of the Netherlands becomes the new Governor General of the Dutch East Indies now Indonesia and concludes an alliance with the Sultan Amangkurat II of the Mataram Sultanate on the island of Java then uses the Dutch Army to suppress the rebellion started by the Sultan s half brother Prince Puger Puger surrenders on November 28 to the ranking Dutch officer Jacob Couper November 29 A storm strikes the Isthmus of Panama and overwhelms the Spanish Navy s Flota de Tierra Firma sinking the ship Nuestra Senora de Encarnacion in the Chagres River The Encarnacion wreckage is not found until almost 340 years later in 2011 mostly intact and still loaded with most of its cargo December 3 Another ship in the Flota de Terra Firma Nuestra Senora de la Soledad sinks in the Chagres River with the loss of its 280 crew December 7 Wu Shifan grandson of Chinese general Wu Sangui commits suicide at Kunming in Yunnan province ending the 8 year Revolt of the Three Feudatories against the Kangxi Emperor and the Qing dynasty in China 18 December 22 King Charles II of England signs a warrant for the building of the Royal Hospital Chelsea in London for wounded and retired soldiers Date unknown edit Collections are made in England for needy French refugees Havertown and Bryn Mawr are founded in Pennsylvania by Welsh Quakers The bell Emmanuel in Notre Dame de Paris is recast The Port of Honfleur France is re modelled by Abraham Duquesne The basilica of Santa Maria della Salute in Venice designed by Baldassare Longhena in 1631 is dedicated Dodo becomes extinct 1682 This section is transcluded from 1682 edit history January March edit January 7 The Republic of Genoa forbids the unauthorized printing of newspapers and all handwritten newssheets the ban is lifted after three months January 12 Scottish minister James Renwick one of the Covenanters resisting the Scottish government s suppression of alternate religious views publishes the Declaration of Lanark January 21 The Ottoman Empire army is mobilized in preparation for a war against Austria that culminates with the 1683 Battle of Vienna January 24 The first public theater in Brussels the Opera du Quai au Foin is opened February 5 In Japan on the 28th day of the 12th month in the year Tenna 1 a major fire sweeps through Edo now Tokyo February 9 Thomas Otway s classic play Venice Preserv d or A Plot Discover d is given its first performance premiering at the Duke s Theatre March 11 Work begins on construction of the Royal Hospital Chelsea for old soldiers in London England 19 March 22 A fire breaks out in Newmarket Suffolk consuming half the town and spreading into sections of surrounding Cambridgeshire Historian Laurence Echard describes it later as A Providential Fire noting that King Charles II by the approach of the fury of the flames was immediately driven out of his own palace and after moving to safety in another section of town was forced to flee again when the wind as conducted by an invisible power suddenly changed about and blew the smoke and cinders directly on his new lodgings and in a moment made them as untenable as the other 20 April June edit April 7 Rene Robert Cavelier Sieur de La Salle exploring rivers in America reaches the mouth of the Mississippi River April 9 At the mouth of the Mississippi River near modern Venice Louisiana Robert de La Salle buries an engraved plate and a cross claiming the territory as La Louisiane for France May 6 Louis XIV of France moves his court to Versailles May 7 April 27 O S Upon the death of the Tsar Feodor III of Russia Feodor s younger brother 15 year old Ivan is passed over in favor of a half brother 10 year old Peter May 11 The Moscow Uprising of 1682 occurs when a mob outraged by the rejection of Prince Ivan and upset over rumors that Ivan has been strangled invades the Kremlin and lynches the leading boyars and military commanders Ivan V and Peter I are named co rulers of Russia as a result of a compromise between Peter s mother Natalya Naryshkina and Ivan s mother Maria Miloslavskaya and both are crowned a month later June 8 The English trading freighter Johanna is wrecked off of the coast of South Africa with the loss of 10 of her 114 crew becoming the first of Britain s East India Company fleet to be lost June 17 The Indonesian city of Bandar Lampung is founded on the island of Sumatra June 25 June 15 O S Ivan V and Peter I are crowned as joint Tsars of Russia at the Cathedral of the Dormition in Moscow with actual power exercised by their older sister Sophia Alekseyevna for the next seven years July September edit July 19 Iyasus succeeds his father Yohannes I as Emperor of Ethiopia August 6 The Ottoman Empire declares war on the Holy Roman Empire and makes plans to attack Vienna August 12 Vesuvius begins a period of volcanic activity lasting for 10 days August 23 A comet that will later become known as Comet Halley is observed from several locations on Earth after reaching magnitude 2 and becoming visible to the naked eye Arthur Storer sees it from the North American colony of Maryland while German astronomer Johannes Hevelius measures it from Danzig now Gdansk in Poland 21 Edmond Halley successfully predicts that it will return in 1758 August 25 Following the Bideford witch trial three women probably become the penultimate known to be hanged for witchcraft in England at Exeter 22 September 14 Bishop Gore School is founded in Swansea Wales September 24 Trinh Can becomes the new ruler of Tonkin located in the northern part of Vietnam as far south as the Ha Tinh province upon the death of his father Trinh Tac and begins a program of reforms October December edit October 12 Sultan Mehmed IV departs Istanbul for Adrianople October 19 Kara Mustafa departs with the Ottoman army to Adrianople October 27 The city of Philadelphia Pennsylvania is founded by William Penn November 22 Nearly 1 000 houses in Wapping London are destroyed in a fire 20 December 11 William Penn meets with Charles Calvert 3rd Baron Baltimore for the first discussion of the boundary between the colonies of Pennsylvania and Maryland fixed at 40 degrees north Recognizing that 40 north would remove Pennsylvania s access to the sea Penn proposes a purchase of some of Maryland s territory December 27 Colonists from the German electorate of Brandenburg arrive at Akwidaa on the Brandenburger Gold Coast at what is now Ghana and five days later begin building a fort at what is now Princes Town Date unknown edit Celia Fiennes noblewoman and traveller begins her journeys across Britain in a venture that will prove to be her life s work Her aim is to chronicle the towns cities and great houses of the country Her travels continue until at least 1712 and will take her to every county in England though the main body of her journal is not written until the year 1702 The Richard Wall House believed to be the longest continuously inhabited residence in the US is built in Pennsylvania 1683 This section is transcluded from 1683 edit history January March edit January 5 The Brandenburger African Company of the German state of Brandenburg signs a treaty with representatives of the Ahanta tribe in what is now Ghana to establish the fort and settlement of Gross Friedrichsburg in honor of Frederick William Elector of Brandenburg The location is later renamed Princes Town also called Pokesu January 6 The tragic opera Phaeton written by Jean Baptiste Lully and Philippe Quinault is premiered at the Palace of Versailles January 27 Gove s Rebellion breaks out in the Province of New Hampshire in North America as a revolt against the Royal Governor Edward Cranfield Most of the participants and their leader Edward Gove are arrested Gowe is convicted of treason but pardoned three years later February 7 The opera Giustino by Giovanni Legrenzi and about the life of the Byzantine Emperor Justin premieres in Venice March 14 Ageng Tirtayasa Sultan of Banten on the island of Java now part of Indonesia is captured by the soldiers hired by the Dutch East India Company March 17 In a battle at Kalyan near Bombay between the Maratha Empire and the Mughal Empire in India Maratha General Hambirrao Mohite defeats the local Mughal official Ranamast Khan March 31 Authorized representatives of King John III Sobieski of Poland and Emperor Leopold I of the Holy Roman Empire sign a military alliance treaty in Warsaw April June edit April 10 Charles V Duke of Lorraine is appointed commander of the Imperial Army of the Holy Roman Empire May 3 Sultan Mehmed IV of the Ottoman Empire enters Belgrade May 24 The Ashmolean Museum opens in Oxford England as the world s first university museum June 12 The Rye House Plot to assassinate Charles II of England is discovered 23 July September edit July 8 Admiral Shi Lang of Qing dynasty China leads 300 ships with 20 000 troops out of Tongshan Fujian and sails towards the Kingdom of Tungning in modern day Taiwan and Penghu in order to quell the kingdom in the name of the Qing July 14 A 173 000 man Ottoman force arrives at Vienna and starts to besiege the city July 16 17 Battle of Penghu Qing Chinese admiral Shi Lang defeats the naval forces of Zheng Keshuang decisively July 21 The gruesome execution of Lord Russell for his role in the 1683 Rye House Plot to assassinate King Charles II of England is carried out by the royal executioner Jack Ketch who wields his axe in a manner requiring multiple blows to make Russell suffer as much as possible during the beheading 24 August 4 Turhan in the powerful role of the Valide sultan of the Ottoman Empire since 1648 as the mother of Sultan Mehmed IV dies at the age of 56 bringing an end to the era in Ottoman history known as the Sultanate of Women Upon the overthrow of Mehmed IV four years later the role of the mother of the Ottoman Sultan is less powerful August 18 Francesco Maria Imperiale Lercari becomes the new Doge of the Republic of Genoa August 20 Bahadur son of the Emperor Aurangzeb of the Mughal Empire in India is dispatched along with other Mughal nobles on an invasion of Konkan the area on the southwestern Indian coast under the control of the Maratha Empire August 25 The Earl of Limerick Irishman Thomas Dongan takes office as the new British Colonial Governor of the Province of New York and makes major reforms to restore public order and rescue the province from bankruptcy September 5 Qing Chinese admiral Shi Lang receives the formal surrender of Zheng Keshuang ushering in the collapse of the Kingdom of Tungning which is then incorporated into the Qing Empire September 12 Battle of Vienna The Ottoman siege of the city is broken with the arrival of a force of 70 000 Poles Austrians and Germans under Polish Lithuanian king Jan III Sobieski whose cavalry turns their flank The victory marks a turning point in the Ottoman Empire s fortunes and the end of the Turkish attempt to expand its control into Western Europe 25 Pedro II becomes the King of Portugal after having served as regent since 1668 for his older brother Afonso VI October December edit October 3 Shi Lang reaches Taiwan and occupies modern day Kaohsiung October 6 Germantown Philadelphia is founded as the first permanent German settlement in North America in 1983 U S President Ronald Reagan declares a 300th Year Celebration and in 1987 it becomes an annual holiday German American Day October 9 possible date Louis XIV of France makes a morganatic marriage with Madame de Maintenon in a secret ceremony following the death on July 30 of his queen consort Maria Theresa of Spain 26 November 1 The English crown colony of the Province of New York is subdivided into 12 counties Albany Dutchess Orange Ulster and Westchester upstate Kings New York County Queens Richmond within New York City Suffolk eastern Long Island and two areas not in New York state Dukes County now in Massachusetts and Cornwall County now 11 counties in Maine 27 December 7 Algernon Sidney opponent of King Charles II of England and author of the rebel tract Discourses Concerning Government is beheaded after having been arrested on June 25 and found guilty on November 7 December 25 Kara Mustafa Pasha Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire since 1676 is executed on orders of Sultan Mehmed IV after being blamed for the Ottoman loss of the Battle of Vienna on September 12 The execution is carried out in Belgrade as Kara Mustafa is strangled with a silk cord The Sultan appoints Bayburtlu Kara Ibrahim Pasha as the new Grand Vizier George Ducas the Prince of Moldavia installed by the Ottomans in 1678 is arrested by Polish authorities while on his way back to Bucharest from the defeat by Poland in the Battle of Vienna Ducas is replaced by Ștefan Petriceicu December 27 Richard Keigwin leads a rebellion against the East India Company to take over as Governor of Bombay and most of the British territory in India driving out Governor Sir John Child and arresting the Deputy Governor Charles Ward Keigwin surrenders the office less than a year later December The River Thames in England freezes allowing a frost fair to be held Date unknown edit Wild boars are hunted to extinction in Britain 23 1684 This section is transcluded from 1684 edit history January March edit January 5 King Charles II of England gives the title Duke of St Albans to Charles Beauclerk his illegitimate son by Nell Gwyn The earliest form of what is now the University of Tokyo formally chartered in 1877 the Temnongata is established in Japan 28 29 January 15 January 5 O S To demonstrate that the River Thames frozen solid during the Great Frost that started in December is safe to walk upon a Coach and six horses drove over the Thames for a wager and within three days whole streets of Booths are built on the Thames and thousands of people are continually walking thereon Sir Richard Newdigate 2nd Baronet records the events in his diary 30 January 26 Marcantonio Giustinian is elected Doge of Venice 31 January Edmond Halley Christopher Wren and Robert Hooke have a conversation in which Hooke later claimed not only to have derived the inverse square law but also all the laws of planetary motion attributed to Sir Isaac Newton 32 Hooke s claim is that in a letter to Newton on 6 January 1680 he first stated the inverse square law 33 February 7 Morocco retakes control of the city of Tangier from England which had controlled the North African port since 1661 34 During the five months prior to evacuation of the English from the city the Governor Lord Dartmouth had ordered the destruction of the wall around the city its fortifications and port facilities that had been built by the English during the occupation February 8 Prince Dumitrașcu Cantacuzino returns to the throne of the principality of Moldavia for a third reign but is overthrown 14 months later on June 25 In 1859 Moldavia will unite with neighboring Wallachia to form the Kingdom of Romania February 15 February 5 O S The Great Frost in Britain during which the River Thames was frozen in London and the sea as far as 2 miles 3 2 km out from land and which started the previous December ends as the Thames begins to thaw William Maitland later writes that the Frost which started in December 1683 congealed the river Thames to that degree that another city as it were was erected thereon where by the great number of streets and shops with their rich furniture it represented a great fair with a variety of carriages and diversions of all sorts 35 During the freeze there had been great loss of beast and of wildlife especially birds and similar reports from across Northern Europe 36 The Chipperfield s Circus dynasty began during the freeze with James Chipperfield introducing performing animals to the country at the Frost Fair on the Thames in London February 24 A treaty is signed between European German colonists in Brandenburg Prussia and the African chiefs in what is now Ghana to permit the German colonists to build a second fort on the Brandenburger Gold Coast and the fortress of Dorotheenschanze is built The area is now the Ghanaian city of Akwida 37 March 5 Pope Innocent XI forms a Holy League with the Habsburg Empire Venice and Poland to end Ottoman Turkish rule in Europe 38 March 19 In Japan the Tenna era ends on the 21st day of the 2nd month of the Chinese calendar of the 4th year of the Tenna era and the Jōkyō era begins as Japan s royal astronomer Shibukawa Shunkai institutes the Jōkyō calendar to replace Chinese calendar which had been used in Japan since 859 AD after calculating that the length of the solar year is 365 2417 days 39 April June edit April 25 The Morean War begins as the Republic of Venice declares war on the Ottoman Empire for control of the Peloponnese area of Greece a peninsula which includes Corinth and Sparta and has been referred to by the Ottomans as Morea May 18 The French Navy begins a 10 day bombardment of the Italian city of Genoa in the course of the War of the Reunions between France and the Republic of Genoa During the fight the French fleet commanded by Abraham Duquesne fires almost 13 000 cannonballs pausing only during a cease fire on May 21 and May 22 and uses the new technology of explosive bombs When the bombardment ends on May 28 two thirds of the city has been destroyed or damaged 40 June 7 After a siege of six weeks that began on April 27 Luxembourg City is taken by the French Army from control by Spain and the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg previously part of the Spanish Netherlands now Belgium is acquired by France June 27 Francisco de Tavora the Viceroy of Portuguese India a small colony located in southwestern India at Goa issues an order prohibiting indigenous residents from speaking their native language Konkani and directs them to learn Portuguese within the next three years 41 July September edit July 21 August 6 Morean War Siege of Santa Maura The Republic of Venice captures the Ottoman island fortress of Santa Maura 42 July 24 Rene Robert Cavelier Sieur de La Salle sails again from France with a large expedition designed to establish a French colony on the Gulf of Mexico at the mouth of the Mississippi River 43 August Edmond Halley goes to Cambridge to discuss the problem of planetary motion with Isaac Newton 44 August 15 France under Louis XIV makes the Truce of Ratisbon separately with the Holy Roman Empire Habsburg and Spain 45 Louis XIV decrees the foundation of the Maison royale de Saint Louis a boarding school for girls at Saint Cyr at the urging of Madame de Maintenon September 21 Morean War The Republic of Venice captures the fortress town of Preveza from the Ottoman Empire October December edit October 7 Japanese Chief Minister Hotta Masatoshi is assassinated leaving Shōgun Tokugawa Tsunayoshi without any adequate advisors leading him to issue impractical edicts and create hardships for the Japanese people November 8 James Renwick a Scottish minister and one of the Covenanters challenging the attempt by Kings James VI and Charles I to take over churches in Scotland posts his Apologetical Declaration on church doors and market crosses in and around Cambusnethan Lanarkshire 46 November 19 Richard Keigwin who had arrested the East India Company s Governor of Bombay in 1683 Josiah Child and had taken over as the unauthorized administrator of Bombay turns control back to the company and its envoy Sir Thomas Grantham receiving a general pardon 47 48 December 10 Isaac Newton s derivation of Kepler s laws from his theory of gravity contained in the paper De motu corporum in gyrum is read to the Royal Society by Edmond Halley 49 December 17 The Tibet Ladakh Mughal War which had been going on since 1679 ends with the signing of the Treaty at Tingmosgang between the 5th Dalai Lama Desi Sangye Gyatso and King Delek Namgyal of Ladakh The Ladakh kingdom agrees to not invite foreign armies into the area now part of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir in return for a respect for its sovereignty Date unknown edit Japanese poet Ihara Saikaku composes 23 500 verses in 24 hours at the Sumiyoshi taisha shrine at Osaka the scribes cannot keep pace with his dictation and just count the verses 50 The British East India Company receives Chinese permission to build a trading station at Canton 51 Tea sells in Europe for less than a shilling a pound but the import duty of 5 shillings makes it too expensive for most English people to afford hence smuggled tea is drunk much more than legally imported tea John Bunyan publishes the second part of The Pilgrim s Progress 52 1685 This section is transcluded from 1685 edit history January March edit January 6 American born British citizen Elihu Yale for whom Yale University in the U S is named completes his term as the first leader of the Madras Presidency in India administering the colony on behalf of the East India Company and is succeeded by William Gyfford January 8 Almost 200 people are arrested in Coventry by English authorities for gathering to hear readings of the sermons of the non conformist Protestant minister Obadiah Grew February 4 A treaty is signed between Brandenburg Prussia and the indigenous chiefs at Takoradi in what is now Ghana to permit the German colonists to build a third fort on the Brandenburger Gold Coast 53 February 6 Catholic James Stuart Duke of York becomes King James II of England and Ireland and King James VII of Scotland in succession to his brother Charles II 1660 1685 King of England Scotland and Ireland since 1660 James II and VII reigns until deposed in 1688 February 20 Rene Robert Cavelier Sieur de La Salle intending to establish a colony near the mouth of the Mississippi River lands with 200 surviving colonists at Matagorda Bay on the Texas coast believing the Mississippi to be near He establishes Fort St Louis 54 February March Morean War part of the Great Turkish War The Ottoman serasker Halil Pasha invades the Mani Peninsula and forces it to surrender hostages March 28 An attack on a Mughal Empire envoy Khwajah Abdur Rahim outside of the Maratha fortress at the Bijapur Fort in India leads to a siege of the city by the forces of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb The siege lasts for 15 months before Bijapur surrenders March Louis XIV of France passes the Code Noir allowing the full use of slaves in the French colonies April June edit April 16 Wara Dhammaraza becomes the new King of Arakan on the western coast of Burma upon the death of his brother Thiri Thuriya April 23 The coronation of King James II of England and his Queen Consort Mary of Modena takes place at Westminster Abbey May 7 Morean War Battle on Vrtijeljka Advancing Ottoman forces prevail over defending Venetian irregulars on a hill in the Sanjak of Montenegro May 11 The Killing Time Five Covenanters in Wigtown Scotland notably Margaret Wilson are executed for refusing to swear an oath declaring King James of England Scotland and Ireland as head of the church becoming the Wigtown martyrs 55 June 11 Monmouth Rebellion James Scott 1st Duke of Monmouth illegitimate son of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland lands at Lyme Regis with an invasion force brought from the Netherlands to challenge his uncle James II for the Crown of England 56 June 20 Monmouth Rebellion James Duke of Monmouth declares himself at Taunton to be King and heir to his father s Kingdoms as James II of England and Ireland and James VII of Scotland 56 July September edit July 6 Monmouth Rebellion In the Battle of Sedgemoor the last pitched battle fought on English soil the armies of King James II of England defeat rebel forces under James Scott 1st Duke of Monmouth and capture the Duke himself shortly after the battle July 15 James Scott 1st Duke of Monmouth is executed at Tower Hill London England August 11 Morean War The Republic of Venice captures the fortress of Koroni from the Ottoman Empire its garrison is massacred August 25 The Bloody Assizes begin in Winchester Lord Chief Justice of England George Jeffreys tries over 1000 of Monmouth s rebels and condemns them to death or transportation September 14 Morean War The Republic of Venice defeats an Ottoman army at Kalamata September 29 The first organised street lighting is introduced by the city of London in England as Edward Hemming begins carrying out his contract to be paid for lighting an oil lamp at every tenth house on main streets between 6 PM and midnight between September 29 and March 25 on nights in the autumn and winter without adequate moonlight 57 October December edit October 22 Louis XIV of France issues the Edict of Fontainebleau which revokes the Edict of Nantes and declares Protestantism illegal thereby depriving Huguenots of civil rights Their Temple de Charenton le Pont is immediately demolished and many flee to England Prussia and elsewhere November 8 October 29 O S The Edict of Potsdam is issued by Frederick William Elector of Brandenburg in response to France s Edict of Fontainebleau welcoming the Protestant Huguenots of France to resettle in eastern Germany in Brandenburg The French Colony of Magdeburg is established on December 1 in Saxony as a community separate from Magdeburg November 11 Morean War The Republic of Venice captures the fortress town of Igoumenitsa from the Ottoman Empire and razes it to the ground December 3 King Charles XI of Sweden issues an order banning Jews from settling in Sweden particularly in the capital at Stockholm on account of the danger of the eventual influence of the Jewish religion on the pure evangelical faith 58 December 10 In what is now Thailand King Narai of Ayutthaya signs a treaty with representatives of France at Lopburi allowing Roman Catholic missionaries to preach the Gospel and exempting Thai Catholics from work on Sunday as well as appointing a special court to settle disputes between Thai Christians and non Christians Date unknown edit The Chinese army of the Qing dynasty attacks a Russian post at Albazin during the reigns of the Kangxi Emperor and the dual Russian rulers Ivan V of Russia and Peter I of Russia The event leads to the Treaty of Nerchinsk in 1689 59 Adam Baldridge founds a pirate base at Ile Sainte Marie Madagascar Alice Molland becomes the last known person in England to be sentenced to death for witchcraft in Exeter 60 The Old Dutch Church of Sleepy Hollow in the State of New York is constructed by the original Dutch settlers later to become famous as the site of the rampage of the Headless Horseman spirit in the novel The Legend of Sleepy Hollow 1686 This section is transcluded from 1686 edit history January March edit January 3 In Madras now Chennai in India local residents employed by the East India Company threaten to boycott their jobs after corporate administrator William Gyfford imposes a house tax on residences within the city walls Gyfford places security forces at all entrances to the city and threatens to banish anyone who fails to pay their taxes as well as to confiscate the goods of merchants who refuse to make sales 61 A compromise is reached the next day on the amount of the taxes 62 January 17 King Louis XIV of France reports the success of the Edict of Fontainebleau issued on October 22 against the Protestant Huguenots and reports that after less than three months the vast majority of the Huguenot population had left the country 63 January 29 In Guatemala Spanish Army Captain Melchor Rodriguez Mazariegos leads a campaign to conquer the indigenous Maya people in the rain forests of Lacandona departing from Huehuetenango to rendezvous with the colonial governor at San Mateo Ixtatan January 31 In the wake of the success of France s campaign against Protestantism Victor Amadeus II the Duke of Savoy issues an edict against the Valdesi the Duchy s Protestant minority setting a 15 day deadline for members of the Valdesi to publicly renounce their beliefs as erroneous or face banishment or death 64 The February 15 deadline is ignored February 15 After the Valdesi in the Duchy of Savoy decline to obey the edict to convert to Catholicism Duke Victor Amadeus dispatches a force of 9 000 French and Piedmontese soldiers to enforce the edict February 22 Sweden s Council of State endorses the reforms proposed by King Charles XI for the Swedish Church Law 1686 after having debated it in three sessions on February 18 19 and 20 65 The law confirms and describes the rights of the Lutheran Church and confirms Sweden as a Lutheran state all non Lutherans are banned from immigration unless they convert to Lutheranism the Romani people are to be incorporated to the Lutheran Church the poor care law is regulated and all parishes are forced by law to teach the children within them to read and write in order to learn the scripture which closely eradicates illiteracy in Sweden 66 February 27 Gabriel Milan the controversial Governor of the Danish West Indies since 1684 is removed from office by order of King Frederick III and placed under arrest for treason Three years later after being found guilty in a trial after being brought back to Copenhagen Milan is beheaded on March 26 1689 67 March 3 A group of 107 French Canadian soldiers under the command of Pierre de Troyes begins the Hudson Bay expedition departing from Montreal on an 800 mile 1 300 km journey to take control of the properties of British North American settlers of the Hudson s Bay Company 68 The group marches for 82 days and arrives at the first Hudson s Bay fort at Moose Factory on June 19 69 April June edit April 9 As the Valdesi rebellion continues the Duke of Savoy issues a second edict giving the Protestant Valdesi eight days to lay down their arms and allows safe passage into exile for those who agree April 22 In the wake of Savoy s newest repression of the Protestant Valdesi a third war breaks out and Protestant pastor Henri Arnaud leads the resistance with 3 000 rebel soldiers against 8 500 Savoyard soldiers and mercenaries The Valdesi are overwhelmed within one month May 4 The Municipality of Ilagan is founded in the Philippines 70 May 6 The Treaty of Perpetual Peace 1686 is signed between the Tsardom of Russia and the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth recognizing the former s possession of Left bank Ukraine and the city of Kiev as agreed upon in the earlier Treaty of Andrusovo in 1667 71 The treaty also brings the Tsardom of Russia into the Great Turkish War on the side of the Holy League of 1684 72 May 14 Joseph Dudley formally begins his tenure as President of the Council of the newly formed Dominion of New England 73 May 25 The third war against the Protestant Valdesi ends Soon afterward 2 000 of the Valdesi are massacred 8 500 taken prisoner and about 3 000 surviving civilians forcibly resettled and converted to Catholicism June 20 French Canadian soldiers on the Hudson Bay expedition capture the first of the British Hudson s Bay Company outposts with the surrender the unarmed inhabitants of the fortress at Moose Factory Ontario 74 July September edit July 9 The Grand Alliance League of Augsburg is founded in response to claims made by Louis XIV of France on the Electorate of the Palatinate in western Germany It comprises the Holy Roman Empire the Netherlands Sweden Spain the electors of Bavaria Saxony and the Electorate of the Palatinate 75 76 July 17 King James II of England appoints four Roman Catholics to the Privy Council of England 77 in defiance of the Test Acts which bar Catholics from public office Suspicions about James s intentions lead to a group of conspirators meeting at Charborough House in Dorset to plan his overthrow and replacement with the Protestant Dutch Stadtholder William III of Orange Nassau James s son in law July 18 An army of 3 000 Chinese troops demand Russian surrender of a Russian Empire fortress at Albazino on the Amur River The fortress is manned by only 736 Russian soldiers and militia but is armed with cannons Over the next several weeks the Chinese troops are joined by another 3 000 men in supply boats but the Russians hold off the attacks for the next five months By December only 24 Russians remain and Albazino is ceded to China in 1689 July 22 Albany New York is granted a city charter by the colonial governor 78 August 4 Portuguese soldiers hired by the East India Company mutiny rather than follow orders to join the war in Bengal The ringleaders are quickly arrested and executed and the mutiny ends August 15 Christina who had ruled as the monarch of Sweden until her abdication in 1654 in favor of her cousin Charles responds to the revocation in France of the Edict of Nantz and declares that Jews within Sweden will be under her protection August 16 King James VII of Scotland dismisses the Parliament of Scotland after the members refuse to remove restrictions on Roman Catholics and on Protestants outside of the Church of Scotland and the Church of England The Parliament does not meet again for more than two and a half years August 17 Spanish troops attack and plunder the Scottish colony of Stuarts Town in the Province of Carolina now Port Royal South Carolina and plunder the city 79 After three days the Spaniards begin a march of over 75 miles 121 km toward the larger port city of Charles Town September 2 Great Turkish War Battle of Buda Imperial forces of the Holy League of 1684 Russia Saxony Brandenburg and Bavaria under Austrian leadership liberate Buda now part of Budapest from Ottoman Turkish rule leading to the end of Ottoman rule in Hungary during subsequent years 80 September 4 A hurricane saves Charleston South Carolina from attack by Spanish vessels 81 September 30 The Ottoman fortress of Sinj in Dalmatia falls to the army of the Republic of Venice 82 October December edit October 17 As the Savoyard Waldensian wars draw to a close the Duke of Savoy announces that the Protestant Valdisi defenders will be granted safe passage to Switzerland and that children taken during the war will be allowed to return to their families 83 By January a little more than 2 500 Valdisi take the offer October 22 In the Great Turkish War the Siege of Pecs ends when the Ottoman held city located across the Danube River from the recent liberated Buda surrenders 84 to Austrian troops of the Holy League continuing the Austrian assumption of control of Hungary 85 Buda and Pecs are later combined to form the Hungarian city and now capital of Budapest October 23 Szeged now the second largest city in Hungary is liberated from Turkish Ottoman rule 86 October 31 Anglurah Agung the virtual leader of the island of Bali as king of the paramount state of Gelgel is killed in battle fighting Batu Lepang who also dies in the fighting ending the unification of the island now part of Indonesia and causing Bali to split into several principalities November 26 The Treaty of Whitehall more formerly the Treaty of Neutrality for America is signed at the Palace of Whitehall in Westminster between representatives of King Louis XIV of France and King James II of England with both sides pledging that though the two Countries might be at war in Europe their Colonies in America should continue in peace and Neutrality 87 The treaty is broken less than two years later when King William s War breaks out in what is now the U S state of Maine November 30 Melchor Portocarrero 3rd Count of Monclova becomes the new Viceroy of New Spain encompassing what is now Mexico and much of the southwestern United States as he arrives in Mexico City to take over at the end of the term of Tomas de la Cerda 3rd Marquess of la Laguna 88 December 20 Edmund Andros arrives in Boston to become the British Governor of the newly created Dominion of New England which includes most of the what are now the U S states of Connecticut Maine Massachusetts New Hampshire New Jersey Rhode Island Vermont and much of the eastern portion of New York 89 The unpopular Andros who reigns as a dictator after being appointed by King James II is driven out of office in 1689 after the overthrow of James and the Dominion of New England is broken up into its constituent colonies December 22 Frederick William Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia head of the House of Hohenzollern enters into an alliance with the Holy Roman Empire Date unknown edit English historian and naturalist Robert Plot publishes The Natural History of Staffordshire a collection of illustrations and texts detailing the history of the county 90 It is the first document known to mention crop circles 91 and a double sunset 92 The Cafe Procope which remains in business in the 21st century is opened in Paris by Procopio Cuto as a coffeehouse 93 1687 This section is transcluded from 1687 edit history January March edit January 3 With the end of latest of the Savoyard Waldensian wars in the Duchy of Savoy between the Savoyard government and Protestant Italians known as the Waldensians Victor Amadeus III Duke of Savoy carries out the release of 3 847 surviving prisoners and their families who had forcibly been converted to Catholicism and permits the group to emigrate to Switzerland January 8 Richard Talbot 1st Earl of Tyrconnell is appointed as the last Lord Deputy of Ireland by the English crown and begins efforts to include more Roman Catholic Irishmen in the administration Upon the removal of King James II in England and Scotland the Earl of Tyrconnell loses his job and is replaced by James who reigns briefly as King of Ireland until William III establishes his rule over the isle January 27 In one of the most sensational cases in England in the 17th century midwife Mary Hobry murders her abusive husband Denis Hobry after he beats her up for the last time Mary then dismembers his body and scatters the remains in a dunghill and in several outhouses or privies in the area Despite a defense of justifiable homicide Mary is convicted of murder and burned at the stake February 7 The Arjeplog blasphemy trial begins for Erik Eskilsson and Amund Thorsson two practitioners of the Sami religion who had resisted Sweden s efforts at their conversion to Christianity Eskilsson and Thorsson are acquitted of the charges after agreeing to convert to Christianity February 11 In India troops under the command of Job Charnock of the East India Company preparing to go to war against the Nawab of Bengal Shaista Khan of the Mughal empire destroy his fortresses located at Thana 94 February 12 The Declaration of Indulgence is issued in Scotland by King James VII as one of the first steps in establishing freedom of religion in the British Isles eliminating enforcement of criminal penalties against persons who failed to conform with Anglicanism As King James II of England he issues a similar declaration on April 4 March 19 The men under explorer Robert Cavelier Sieur de La Salle mutiny while searching for the mouth of the Mississippi River Pierre Duhaut murders La Salle near what is now Navasota Texas April June edit April 4 King James II of England issues the Declaration of Indulgence or Declaration for the Liberty of Conscience suspending laws against Roman Catholics and nonconformists 95 April 23 Ignatius George II becomes Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch or April 22 96 97 April 26 The Spanish city of Guayaquil now part of Ecuador is attacked and looted by English and French pirates under the command of George Hout English and Pierre Le Picard and Francois Groniet French 98 Of more than 260 pirates 35 are killed and 46 were wounded 75 defenders of the city died and more than 100 are wounded May 6 Emperor Higashiyama succeeds Emperor Reigen on the throne of Japan June 14 In one of the few actions on land in the Anglo Siamese War English sailors on the coast of Mergui in Burma now Myeik Myanmar are massacred by Siamese troops July December edit July 11 Isaac Newton s Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica known as the Principia is published by the Royal Society of London In it Newton describes his law of universal gravitation explains the laws of mechanics and gives a formula for the speed of sound The writing of Principia Mathematica ushers in a tidal wave of changes in thought significantly accelerating the Scientific Revolution by providing new and practical intellectual tools and becomes the foundation of modern physics July 24 Morean War Battle of Patras The Republic of Venice defeats the Ottomans which flee in panic allowing the Venetians to capture the fortresses of Patras Rio Antirrio and Lepanto unopposed August 12 Great Turkish War Battle of Mohacs The Habsburg imperial army and allies under Charles V Duke of Lorraine defeat the Ottoman Turks and enable Austria to conquer most of Ottoman occupied Hungary September 21 Morean War The navy of the Republic of Venice raids the Dalmatian coast and attacks Ottoman Turkish strongholds in Greece September 22 The Siege of Golconda ordered by Emperor Aurangzeb of India s Mughal Empire against the capital of the Golconda sultanate ends after nine months when a traitor inside the walled city Sarandaz Khan opens the first of several entrances into the fortress The Sultan Abul Hasan Qutb Shah is taken prisoner by General Mir Shahab ud Din and Golconda now part of Hyderabad in the Telangana state September 26 Half of the Parthenon is destroyed in Athens after mortar shells are fired by Republic of Venice forces under the command of Francesco Morosini in a battle against the Ottoman Empire for control of the city The strike ignites a stock of gunpowder that the Ottomans had stored inside the 2 200 year old temple which had been completed in 438 BC as a shrine to the goddess Athena During the fighting September 23 and September 29 for control of the Acropolis in the Morean War the Temple of Athena Nike is demolished and the Propylaea suffers damage October December edit October 20 An estimated 8 7 magnitude earthquake strikes 50 kilometres 31 mi off of the coast of Peru and kills at least 5 000 people primarily from a tsunami that washes away the city of Pisco and causes severe damage to the Spanish colonial cities of Lima Callao and Ica 99 October 31 The legend of the Charter Oak begins as a successful attempt to hide the 1662 Royal Charter of the British colony and now a U S state of Connecticut after Edmund Andros the Governor of the Dominion of New England makes a mission of attempting to confiscate the founding documents for the seven colonies that make up the new administrative area After Governor Andros arrives in Hartford and comes to the tavern of Zachariah Sanford to demand the Connecticut Colony charter Captain Joseph Wadsworth spirits the parchment away from the and hides the Charter in a hollowed out portion of a white oak tree on Wyllys Hyll until Andros is recalled to London 100 November 8 Suleiman II succeeds the deposed Mehmed IV as Ottoman Emperor December 31 In response to the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685 a group of Huguenots set sail from France and settle in the recently established Dutch colony at the Cape of Good Hope where using their native skills they establish the first South African vineyards 1688 This section is transcluded from 1688 edit history January March edit January 2 Fleeing from the Spanish Navy French pirate Raveneau de Lussan and his 70 men arrive on the west coast of Nicaragua sink their boats and make a difficult 10 day march to the city of Ocotal 101 January 5 Pirates Charles Swan and William Dampier and the crew of the privateer Cygnet become the first Englishmen to set foot on the continent of Australia 102 January 11 The Patta Fort and the Avandha Fort located in what is now India s Maharashtra state near Ahmednagar are captured from the Maratha clan by Mughul Army commander Matabar Khan The Mughal Empire rules the area 73 years January 17 Ilona Zrinyi who has defended the Palanok Castle in Hungary from Austrian Imperial forces since 1685 is forced to surrender to General Antonio Caraffa January 29 Madame Jeanne Guyon French mystic is arrested in France and imprisoned for seven months 103 January 30 January 20 1687 old style King James II of England and Scotland issues a proclamation offering amnesty to pirates in the West Indies who surrender to Sir Robert Holmes 104 February 7 Six French Jesuit scientists Joachim Bouvet Jean Francois Gerbillon Louis Daniel Lecomte Guy Tachard Claude de Visdelou and the leader Jean de Fontaney arrive in Beijing and are welcomed by the Emperor of China Kangxi 105 February 17 James Renwick the last of the Covenanters in Scotland to be martyred for opposing the authority of King Charles II is publicly hanged at Grassmarket square in Edinburgh February 23 Abaza Siyavus Pasha the Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire is assassinated by the Janissaries the Turkish troops who had placed him in power in September after the new Sultan fails to make payment of an expected bonus February 28 The French opera David et Jonathas composed by Marc Antoine Charpentier is performed for the first time 106 March 1 A great fire devastates Bungay England 107 March William Dampier makes the first recorded visit to Christmas Island now a territory of Australia located south of the island of Java now part of Indonesia April June edit April 3 Francesco Morosini becomes Doge of Venice 108 346 109 April 9 Morean War The Venetian forces under Francesco Morosini evacuate Athens 110 and Piraeus April 18 Julian calendar The Germantown Quaker Protest Against Slavery is drafted by four Germantown Quakers 111 May 4 King James II of England orders his Declaration of Indulgence suspending penal laws against Catholics to be read from every Anglican pulpit in England 112 The Church of England and its staunchest supporters the peers and gentry are outraged on June 8 the Archbishop of Canterbury William Sancroft is imprisoned in the Tower of London for refusing to proclaim it May 9 April 29 OS Friedrich Wilhelm the Great Elector of Brandenburg Prussia dies 113 Friedrich III becomes Elector of Brandenburg Prussia until 1701 when he becomes the first King of Prussia as Friedrich I May 10 King Narai of Ayutthaya nominates Princess Sudawadi as his successor with Constantine Phaulkon Mom Pi and Phetracha acting as joint regents 114 444 115 May 17 The arrest of King Narai of Ayutthaya launches a coup d etat June 5 A 7 0 magnitude earthquake 116 strikes southern Italy at 6 30 in the evening and kills at least 10 000 people in the Kingdom of Naples in what is now the province of Benevento Constantine Phaulkon is beheaded after having been arrested in May 117 June 10 The birth of James Francis Edward Stuart later known as the Old Pretender son and heir to James II of England and his Catholic wife Mary of Modena at St James s Palace in London increases public disquiet about a Catholic dynasty particularly when the baby is baptised into the Catholic faith Rumours about his true maternity swiftly begin to circulate June 24 French forces under Chevalier de Beauregard abandon their garrison at Mergui following repeated Siamese attacks this ultimately leads to their withdrawal from the country 118 June 30 A high powered conspiracy of notables the Immortal Seven invite Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange and Princess Mary to defend the liberties of England and depose King James VII and II 119 July September edit July 13 The siege of Negroponte by the Venetians begins 120 August 1 Phetracha becomes king of Ayutthaya after a coup d etat 121 August 27 The funding of the armed invasion of William III in England causes a financial crisis in the Dutch Republic 122 September 6 Great Turkish War The Habsburg army captures Belgrade 123 September 24 Louis XIV publishes his manifesto Memoire de raisons which lists his grievances and demands He cites three major things as grievances Wilhelm Egon von Furstenberg who had been earlier elected to be the coadjutor archbishop of Cologne with support of Louis being vetoed by the pope the continued aggressions and forming of alliances against France and providing an alternative to Furstenberg in the Cologne election by the Holy Roman Empire and Philip William becoming Elector Palatine and seizing the territory which he believed belonged to Elizabeth Charlotte 124 September 27 The Nine Years War begins in Europe and America after Louis XIV attacks Philippsburg in the Holy Roman Empire 125 October December edit October 21 The Venetians raise the siege of Negroponte 108 358 October 26 King James II of England dismisses his minister Robert Spencer 2nd Earl of Sunderland 126 November 11 November 1 OS Glorious Revolution William III of Orange sets sail a second time from Hellevoetsluis the Netherlands to take over England Scotland and Ireland from King James II of England 127 128 November 15 November 5 OS The Glorious Revolution begins William of Orange lands at Torbay England with a multinational force of 20 000 soldiers 129 He makes no claim to the British Crown saying only that he has come to save Protestantism and to maintain English liberty and begins a march on London November 19 November 9 OS William of Orange captures Exeter after the magistrates flee the city 130 November 20 November 10 OS The Wincanton Skirmish between forces loyal to James II led by Patrick Sarsfield and a party of Dutch troops is one of the few armed clashes in England during the Glorious Revolution 131 November 23 A group of 1 500 Old Believers immolate themselves to avoid capture when troops of the tsar lay siege to their monastery on Lake Onega November 26 Hearing that William of Orange has landed in England Louis XIV declares war on the Netherlands 132 December 7 nbsp December 7 The shutting of the gates in Derry in a stained glass window of the Guildhall 133 The gates of Derry are shut in front of the Jacobite Earl of Antrim and his redshanks 134 This initiates the siege of Derry which is the first major event in the Williamite War in Ireland December 9 The Battle of Reading takes place in Reading Berkshire It is the only substantial military action in England during the Glorious Revolution and ends in a decisive victory for forces loyal to William of Orange December 11 Having led his army to Salisbury and been deserted by his troops James VII and II attempts to flee to France December 18 William of Orange Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic and the future King William III of the United Kingdom enters London 135 Date unknown edit The Austrians incite the Chiprovtsi Uprising against the Ottomans in Bulgaria after the siege of Belgrade 136 Neuruppin becomes a Prussian garrison town The earliest known mention of the balalaika is made 137 Oroonoko one of the first English novels and the first by a professional female author Aphra Behn is published 1689 This section is transcluded from 1689 edit history Notable events during this year include Coup war and legislation in England and its territories The overthrow of Catholic king James of England Ireland and Scotland in the Glorious Revolution The latter realms entering the Nine Years War and its expansion to the American colonies in the King William s War The Bill of Rights becomes law in England Japanese writer Bashō goes on a voyage resulting in the classic Narrow Road to the Interior The death of Pope Innocent XI and the election of the 241st Pope Alexander VIII The Holy Roman Empire wins the Battle of Nis fought against the Ottoman Empire Morocco wins in the Siege of Larache against Spain Peter the Great decrees the construction of the Great Siberian Road to China January March edit January 22 January 12 1688 O S Glorious Revolution in England The Convention Parliament is convened to determine if King James II of England the last Roman Catholic British monarch vacated the throne when he fled to France at the end of 1688 The settlement of this is agreed on 8 February 138 January 30 The first performance of the opera Henrico Leone composed by Agostino Steffani takes place in Hannover to inaugurate the new royal theatre in the Leineschloss February 12 John Locke returned to London from exile in Holland 139 February 23 February 13 1688 O S William III and Mary II are proclaimed co rulers of England Scotland and Ireland 138 March 2 Nine Years War As French forces leave they set fire to Heidelberg Castle and the nearby town of Heidelberg March 22 March 12 O S Start of the Williamite War in Ireland The deposed James II of England lands with 6 000 French soldiers in Ireland where there is a Catholic majority hoping to use it as the base for a counter coup 140 However many Irish Catholics see him as an agent of Louis XIV of France and refuse to support him March 27 Japanese haiku master Bashō sets out on his last great voyage which will result in the prose and verse classic Oku no Hosomichi Narrow Road to the Interior April June edit April 4 A total lunar eclipse is visible in central Asia 141 April 11 O S William III and Mary II are crowned in London as King and Queen of England Scotland and Ireland 19 Ireland does not recognise them yet while the Estates of Scotland declare King James VII of Scotland deposed April 18 Boston revolt Unpopular New England Governor Sir Edmund Andros and other officials are overthrown by a mob of Bostonians Andros an appointee of James II of England is disliked for his support of the Church of England and revocation of various colonial charters The Siege of Derry begins in Ireland as former King James II arrives at the gates of Derry and asks for its surrender during the Williamite War in Ireland The Protestant defenders refuse and the siege lasts until August 1 when it is abandoned 142 May 11 May 1 O S The Battle of Bantry Bay begins during the Williamite War in Ireland as the French fleet under the Marquis de Chateaurenault is able to protect its transports unloading supplies for James II from the English Royal Navy under the Earl of Torrington and withdraws unpursued 143 William and Mary accept the Scottish throne a month after the Scottish Parliament votes to depose King James VII May 12 Nine Years War With England and the Netherlands now both ruled by William III they join the Grand Alliance League of Augsburg thus escalating the conflict which continues until 1697 This is also the effective beginning of King William s War the first of four North American Wars until 1763 between English and French colonists both sides allied to Native American tribes The nature of the fighting is a series of raids on each other s settlements across the Canadian and New England borders May 24 The Act of Toleration drawn up by the Convention Parliament of England to protect Protestants but with Roman Catholics intentionally excluded is passed this effectively concludes the Glorious Revolution May 25 The last hearth tax is collected in England and Wales May 31 Leisler s Rebellion Calvinist Jacob Leisler deposes lieutenant governor Francis Nicholson and assumes control of the Province of New York June 5 The Convention of Estates adjourns in Scotland after 11 weeks and its members form a new Scottish parliament June 14 The Duke of Gordon a Scottish peer and Jacobite supporter surrenders Edinburgh Castle to Protestant attackers after holding out for 20 days following the Glorious Revolution July September edit July 25 The Council of Wales and the Marches is abolished July 27 First Jacobite rising Battle of Killiecrankie near Pitlochry in Perthshire Scottish Covenanter supporters of William III and Mary II under Hugh Mackay are defeated by Jacobite supporters of James II but the latter s leader John Graham Viscount Dundee is killed Hand grenades are used in action 144 July 28 English sailors break through a floating boom across the River Foyle to end the siege of Derry after 105 days 145 August 2 Boston Revolt Edmund Andros former governor of the Dominion of New England escapes from Boston to Connecticut but is recaptured August 5 Beaver Wars Lachine massacre A force of 1 500 Iroquois largely destroys the village of Lachine New France August 12 Innocent XI Benedetto Odescalchi b 1611 Pope since 1676 dies He played a major part in founding both the League of Augsburg against Louis XIV and the Holy League against the Ottoman Empire August 20 A large Williamite force under Marshal Schomberg begins the siege of Carrickfergus in the north of Ireland which surrenders on August 27 August 21 First Jacobite rising Battle of Dunkeld Covenanters defeat the Jacobites in Scotland 146 August 23 Roman Catholic cardinals convene in Rome for a papal conclave to elect a successor to Pope Innocent XI The conclave lasts until October 6 Gravely ill the Empress Xiaoyiren is proclaimed empress by her husband China s Kangxi Emperor after having been Imperial Noble Consort since 1682 She dies the next day August 27 China and Russia sign the Treaty of Nerchinsk September 8 The Siege of Mainz in the modern day Rheinland Pfalz state of Germany which had started on June 1 ends after almost three months as French General Nicolas Chalon du Ble surrenders the walled city to the armies of Austria and the Dutch Republic September 9 King William brings England into a military alliance with the Holy Roman Empire in a fight against France in the Nine Years War September 24 The Holy Roman Empire wins the Battle of Nis fought against the Ottoman Empire during the Great Turkish War in modern day Serbia September 28 29 A total lunar eclipse is visible in eastern America western Europe and west Africa 147 October December edit October 6 The papal conclave in Rome unanimously elects Pietro Vito Ottoboni as the new Pope Ottoboni takes the name Alexander VIII and succeeds Pope Innocent XI to become the 241st pope the first Venetian to hold the office in over 200 years October 26 Skopje fire of 1689 occurs lasting for two days and burning much of the city November 11 The Siege of Larache in Morocco ends when the Spanish troops surrender to Mawlay Ismail and the Moroccan forces November 22 Peter the Great decrees the construction of the Great Siberian Road to China December 10 A great comet is visible from Pekin and sightings continue until December 24th including many from Dutch ships near the equator 148 December 16 The Bill of Rights An Act Declaring the Rights and Liberties of the Subject and Settling the Succession of the Crown drawn up by the Convention Parliament of England to establish constitutional monarchy in England but with Roman Catholics barred from the throne receives royal assent it will remain substantially in force into the 21st century December 22 A serious earthquake strikes Innsbruck Austria 149 Date unknown edit Peter the Great plots to overthrow his half sister Sophia as regent of Russia Supporters of William of Orange seize Liverpool Castle in the north west of England 150 The English East India Company expands its influence and a Committee of the House of Commons is formed to deal with the concerns of the Company 151 Valvasor s The Glory of the Duchy of Carniola is printed in Nuremberg The first documented performance of the opera Dido and Aeneas by Henry Purcell takes place at Josias Priest s girls school in Chelsea London with a libretto based on Virgil s Aeneid 152 Boston suffers a smallpox epidemic 153 BirthsTranscluding articles 1680 1681 1682 1683 1684 1685 1686 1687 1688 and 1689 1680 nbsp Jean Baptiste Le Moyne January 23 Joseph Ames English author d 1759 February 14 John Sidney 6th Earl of Leicester English privy councillor d 1737 February 23 Jean Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville French colonizer and Governor of Louisiana d 1767 April 9 Philippe Nericault Destouches French dramatist d 1754 April 23 Anna Canalis di Cumiana morganatic spouse of Victor Amadeus II of Savoy d 1769 June 22 Ebenezer Erskine Scottish religious dissenter d 1754 September 22 Barthold Heinrich Brockes German poet d 1747 October 19 John Abernethy Irish Protestant minister d 1740 date unknown Bulleh Shah Sufi poet d 1757 date unknown Julianna Geczy Hungarian heroine d 1714 approximate Edward Teach Blackbeard English pirate d 1718 1681 nbsp Vitus Bering March 24 Georg Philipp Telemann German composer d 1767 June 26 Hedvig Sophia of Sweden Swedish princess d 1708 August 5 Vitus Bering Danish born Russian explorer d 1741 September 11 Johann Gottlieb Heineccius German jurist d 1741 September 28 Johann Mattheson German composer d 1764 October 1 Giulia Lama Italian painter d 1747 154 November 17 Pierre Francois le Courayer French theologian d 1776 November 28 Jean Cavalier French Protestant rebel leader d 1740 1682 nbsp Charles XII of Sweden February 25 Giovanni Battista Morgagni Italian anatomist d 1771 April 16 John Hadley English inventor d 1744 May 17 Bartholomew Roberts a k a Black Bart Welsh pirate d 1722 June 17 King Charles XII of Sweden d 1718 July 10 Roger Cotes English mathematician d 1716 August 16 Louis duc de Bourgogne heir to the throne of France d 1712 October 29 Pierre Francois Xavier de Charlevoix French historian d 1761 date unknown Margareta Capsia Finnish artist d 1759 1683 nbsp Maria Anna of Austria January 13 Christoph Graupner German composer d 1760 January 29 Juan de Galavis Spanish Catholic Archbishop of Santo Domingo Bogota d 1739 February 4 Jean Baptiste Benard de la Harpe French explorer of North America d 1765 February 28 Rene Antoine Ferchault de Reaumur French scientist d 1757 March 1 Caroline of Ansbach British queen and regent wife of George II of Great Britain d 1737 April 3 Mark Catesby English naturalist d 1749 June 23 Etienne Fourmont French orientalist d 1745 September 7 Maria Anna of Austria Archduchess of Austria and Queen consort of Portugal d 1754 September 11 Farrukhsiyar Mughal Emperor d 1719 September 25 Jean Philippe Rameau French composer d 1764 October 17 Aixinjueluo Yuntang born Aixinjueluo Yintang Qing prince d 1726 October 25 Charles FitzRoy 2nd Duke of Grafton British politician d 1757 November 10 King George II of Great Britain d 1760 November 30 Ludwig Andreas von Khevenhuller Austrian field marshal d 1744 December 19 King Philip V of Spain d 1746 December 27 Conyers Middleton English minister d 1750 date unknown Anna Maria Thelott Swedish artist d 1710 Benedicta Margareta von Lowendal German industrialist d 1776 1684 nbsp Catherine I of Russia nbsp Jean Antoine Watteau nbsp Edward Vernon January 1 Arnold Drakenborch Dutch classical scholar d 1748 155 January 4 Henry Coote 5th Earl of Mountrath British politician d 1720 156 Henry Grove English nonconformist minister d 1738 157 January 14 Johann Matthias Hase German astronomer mathematician and cartographer d 1742 158 Jean Baptiste van Loo French subject and portrait painter d 1745 159 January 18 Johann David Kohler German historian d 1755 160 January 23 Christian Rantzau Danish noble d 1771 161 January 24 Charles Alexander Duke of Wurttemberg regent of the Kingdom of Serbia 1720 1733 d 1737 162 February 16 Bohuslav Matej Cernohorsky Czech composer d 1742 163 February 19 George Duckett English Member of Parliament d 1732 164 February 20 Edward Bayly Irish politician d 1741 165 February 21 Justus van Effen Dutch author d 1735 166 February 22 Charles Count of Armagnac French noble d 1751 167 February 24 Matthias Braun Czech sculptor d 1738 168 March 2 Christopher Wandesford 2nd Viscount Castlecomer Anglo Irish Member of Parliament d 1719 169 March 19 Jean Astruc French physician and scholar d 1766 170 March 21 Oley Douglas English Member of Parliament d 1719 171 March 22 Matthias Bel Hungarian pastor polymath d 1749 172 William Pulteney 1st Earl of Bath English noble d 1764 173 March 24 Samuel von Schmettau Prussian field marshal d 1751 March 28 Tekle Haymanot I Emperor of Ethiopia d 1708 March 31 Francesco Durante Neapolitan composer d 1755 174 April 2 Henry Somerset 2nd Duke of Beaufort English noble d 1714 175 April 10 Joseph Paris Duverney French banker d 1770 April 15 Catherine I of Russia empress consort d 1727 176 April 25 Marco Benefial Italian painter d 1764 177 May 2 William Henry Prince of Nassau Usingen Prince of Nassau Usingen 1702 1718 d 1718 178 May 5 Francoise Charlotte d Aubigne French noble d 1739 179 May 23 Hachisuka Muneteru Japanese daimyō of the Edo period d 1743 May 27 Wilhelm Reinhard von Neipperg Austrian field marshal d 1774 180 May 31 Timothy Cutler American Episcopal clergyman rector of Yale College d 1765 181 Georg Engelhard Schroder Swedish artist d 1750 182 June 4 Louis Charles Duke of Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Franzhagen German nobleman d 1707 June 6 Nathaniel Lardner English theologian d 1768 183 June 15 Ernest Leopold Landgrave of Hesse Rotenburg German noble d 1749 184 June 22 Francesco Manfredini Italian Baroque composer d 1762 185 July 3 Jean Baptiste Baudry Canadian gunsmith d 1755 186 August 22 Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria d 1696 August 24 Sir Robert Munro 6th Baronet British politician d 1746 187 August 30 Marguerite de Launay baronne de Staal French author d 1750 188 September 1 Jaime Alvares Pereira de Melo 3rd Duke of Cadaval Portuguese noble and statesman d 1749 189 September 17 Henry Cantrell Anglican clergyman writer d 1773 190 Elizabeth Hanson American captive of Native Americans and writer d 1737 September 18 Johann Gottfried Walther German music theorist organist and composer d 1748 191 September 22 Charles Louis Auguste Fouquet duc de Belle Isle French general and statesman d 1761 192 October 2 Thomas Seaton English religious writer d 1741 193 October 8 Karl Aigen Austrian painter d 1762 October 9 Christopher of Baden Durlach German prince d 1723 194 October 10 Jean Antoine Watteau French painter d 1721 195 October 16 Peter Walkden English Presbyterian minister and diarist d 1769 196 October 26 Kurt Christoph Graf von Schwerin Prussian Generalfeldmarschall d 1757 197 October 28 Paul Alpheran de Bussan French bishop d 1757 198 November 1 Mikhail Mikhailovich Golitsyn Russian admiral d 1764 November 11 Algernon Seymour 7th Duke of Somerset English noble d 1750 199 November 12 Edward Vernon English admiral d 1757 November 16 Allen Bathurst 1st Earl Bathurst English noble d 1775 200 November 25 Paul Hippolyte de Beauvilliers duke of Saint Aignan French diplomat and soldier d 1776 201 December 3 Ludvig Holberg Norwegian historian and writer d 1754 202 December 9 Abraham Vater German anatomist d 1751 203 December 14 Siwart Haverkamp Dutch classical scholar d 1742 December 15 James Jurin British mathematician doctor d 1750 204 August Friedrich Muller German legal scholar logician d 1761 205 December 16 Samuel Clark of St Albans English theologian d 1750 206 December 21 Ippolito Desideri Italian Tibetologist d 1733 207 December 31 William Grimston 1st Viscount Grimston Irish noble d 1756 208 Date unknown Celia Grillo Borromeo Genovese scientist and mathematician d 1777 209 Jaime de la Te y Sagau Spanish composer d 1736 210 1685 nbsp George Frideric Handel nbsp George Berkeley nbsp Johann Sebastian Bach nbsp Charles VI January 1 Joseph Burroughs English minister d 1761 January 6 Manuel de Montiano Spanish colonial administrator d 1762 January 7 Jonas Alstromer Swedish pioneer of agriculture and industry d 1761 George Clifford III Dutch banker and gardener d 1760 January 9 Tiberius Hemsterhuis Dutch philologist and critic d 1766 January 24 Giuseppe Alessandro Furietti Italian Catholic cardinal d 1764 February 6 Sir John Rushout 4th Baronet England d 1775 February 8 Charles Jean Francois Henault French writer and historian d 1770 February 9 Francesco Loredan Doge of Venice d 1762 February 10 Aaron Hill writer English dramatist and miscellaneous writer d 1750 February 12 George Hadley English lawyer and amateur meteorologist d 1768 February 23 George Frideric Handel German composer d 1759 February 24 Hieronymus Pez Austrian historian d 1762 March 2 Moses Williams antiquarian Welsh scholar d 1742 March 11 William Flower 1st Baron Castle Durrow Irish politician d 1746 Jean Pierre Niceron French encyclopedist d 1738 March 12 George Berkeley Irish philosopher d 1753 March 13 Johann Paul Schiffelholz German Baroque composer d 1758 March 17 Jean Marc Nattier French painter d 1766 March 18 Ralph Erskine preacher Scottish churchman d 1752 March 24 John Fane 7th Earl of Westmorland British politician d 1762 March 26 Germain Louis Chauvelin French politician d 1762 Johann Alexander Thiele German painter d 1752 March 27 Simon Hatley English sailor d 1723 March 31 Johann Sebastian Bach German composer d 1750 April 4 Claude Sallier French librarian d 1761 April 18 Jacques Pierre de Taffanel de la Jonquiere Marquis de la Jonquiere French admiral colonial administrator d 1752 April 24 Cosimo Imperiali Italian cardinal d 1764 April 30 Hermann Friedrich Teichmeyer German botanist d 1746 May 4 Akdun Chinese Manchu statesman d 1756 May 6 Sophia Louise of Mecklenburg Schwerin Prussian queen consort d 1735 May 19 Neri Maria Corsini Italian Catholic priest and cardinal d 1770 June 6 Spencer Phips Acting governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay d 1757 June 10 Harry Grey 3rd Earl of Stamford English peer d 1739 June 11 Thomas Wedgwood III English potter father of Josiah Wedgwood d 1739 June 14 Princess Charlotte Wilhelmine of Saxe Coburg Saalfeld countess by marriage of Hanau Munzenberg d 1767 June 23 Antonio Bernacchi Italian opera singer d 1756 June 24 Hans von Lehwaldt German general d 1768 June 30 John Gay English writer d 1732 211 Dominikus Zimmermann German Rococo architect stuccoist d 1766 July 3 Sir Robert Rich 4th Baronet British cavalry officer d 1768 July 22 Henrik Magnus von Buddenbrock Swedish general noble d 1743 July 28 Richard Newport MP d 1716 August 6 Martin Bouquet French Benedictine monk and historian d 1754 August 7 Claude Lamoral 6th Prince of Ligne Austrian field marshal d 1766 August 8 Claude Joseph Geoffroy brother of Etienne Francois Geoffroy d 1752 August 15 Jacob Theodor Klein German scholar d 1759 August 18 Brook Taylor English mathematician d 1731 September 2 Christiane Charlotte of Nassau Ottweiler Countess later Landgravine of Hesse Homburg d 1761 September 3 Charles Powlett 3rd Duke of Bolton d 1754 September 4 Johann Adolf II Duke of Saxe Weissenfels d 1746 September 14 Didier Diderot French craftsman d 1759 September 16 Daniel Gottlieb Messerschmidt German scientist d 1735 September 17 Joshua Allen 2nd Viscount Allen Irish politician d 1742 Charles August Prince of Nassau Weilburg Prince of Nassau Weilburg 1719 1753 d 1753 Robert Marsham 1st Baron Romney British politician d 1724 Uvedale Tomkins Price British politician d 1764 September 20 Giuseppe Matteo Alberti Italian Baroque composer and violinist d 1751 September 29 George Brudenell 3rd Earl of Cardigan d 1732 October 1 Charles VI Holy Roman Emperor d 1740 October 13 Henri Francois Le Dran French surgeon d 1770 October 15 Diederik van Domburg 23rd Governor of Zeylan during the Dutch period in Ceylon d 1736 October 21 George Forbes 3rd Earl of Granard English Royal Navy admiral d 1765 October 26 Domenico Scarlatti Italian composer d 1757 October 28 Hans Gram historian Danish historian d 1748 October 31 John Murray 2nd Earl of Dunmore Scottish soldier and peer d 1752 November 3 Francois Roettiers Flemish engraver medallist painter sculptor d 1742 November 5 Peter Angelis French painter d 1734 November 7 Jared Eliot Connecticut farmer author on horticulture d 1763 Georg Lenck German musician d 1744 November 10 Duncan Forbes Lord Culloden Scottish politician judge d 1747 November 11 Lucrezia Elena Cevoli Italian Catholic professed religious of the Capuchin Poor Clares d 1767 Jean Charles de Saint Nectaire French general d 1771 November 15 Balthasar Denner German artist d 1749 November 17 Pierre Gaultier de Varennes sieur de La Verendrye French Canadian military officer d 1749 November 24 Princess Dorothea of Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Beck German noble d 1761 November 25 Eiler Hagerup d e Norwegian bishop d 1743 November 29 John Willes judge English lawyer d 1761 December 6 Marie Adelaide of Savoy wife of Louis Dauphin of France Duke of Burgundy d 1712 December 8 Johann Maria Farina Italian born German perfumier d 1766 December 12 Lodovico Giustini Italian composer d 1743 December 17 Thomas Tickell minor English poet and man of letters d 1740 date unknown Henri Guillaume Hamal Walloon musician and composer d 1752 212 Antoinette Larcher French engraver d unknown Aldegonde Jeanne Pauli banker in the Austrian Netherlands d 1761 Mary Read English born pirate d 1721 213 Marie Wulf Danish Pietist leader d 1738 1686 nbsp Hans Egede nbsp Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit nbsp Allan Ramsay January 8 William Frederick Margrave of Brandenburg Ansbach Margrave of Brandenburg Ansbach 1703 1723 d 1723 214 January 12 Adam Christian Thebesius German anatomist d 1732 215 January 17 Archibald Bower Scottish historian d 1766 216 January 23 Moritz Georg Weidmann German bookseller d 1743 217 January 31 Hans Egede Norwegian Lutheran missionary who launched mission efforts to Greenland d 1758 218 February 1 Suzanne Henriette of Lorraine French noblewoman Duchess of Mantua and Montferrat d 1710 219 February 2 John Eames English academic d 1744 220 February 10 Jan Frederik Gronovius Dutch botanist notable as a patron of Linnaeus d 1762 February 11 William Bowles British politician d 1748 221 February 13 John Churchill Marquess of Blandford British noble d 1703 February 14 Harry Pulteney British politician d 1767 222 February 16 Eleonore of Lowenstein Wertheim German countess d 1753 March 17 Jean Baptiste Oudry French painter d 1755 223 March 22 James Hamilton 7th Earl of Abercorn d 1744 224 March 27 Johann Jakob Quandt Lutheran theologian translated the Bible into Lithuanian d 1772 225 April 1 Jan Frans van Bredael Flemish painter d 1750 226 April 7 Francois Victor Le Tonnelier de Breteuil French nobleman d 1743 227 April 8 Stefano Felice Ficatelli Italian painter of the late Baroque period d 1771 April 9 James Craggs the Younger English politician d 1721 228 April 19 Vasily Tatishchev Russian statesman ethnographer d 1750 229 April 28 Michael Brokoff Czech sculptor d 1721 April 29 Peregrine Bertie 2nd Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven d 1742 230 May 19 Samuel Jacques Bernard French billionaire d 1753 231 May 24 Gabriel Fahrenheit German physicist inventor of the Fahrenheit temperature scale d 1736 232 May 25 William Steuart d 1768 233 May 31 Antonina Houbraken Dutch artist d 1736 234 June 5 Edward Howard 9th Duke of Norfolk British peer d 1777 235 Ignatius of Santhia Italian Catholic priest d 1770 236 June 6 John Reading Colonial Governor of New Jersey d 1767 237 June 7 Adolphus Frederick III Duke of Mecklenburg Strelitz d 1752 Armand de La Richardie French missionary d 1758 238 June 9 Andrei Osterman Russian statesman d 1747 239 Andrew Michael Ramsay Scottish writer d 1743 240 June 24 Domenico Montagnana Italian luthier d 1750 June 29 Pietro Paolo Troisi Maltese artist d 1743 241 July 3 Edward Watson Viscount Sondes Member of the Parliament of Great Britain d 1722 242 July 5 Jan Macare interim Dutch governor of Ceylon d 1742 243 July 6 Antoine de Jussieu French naturalist d 1758 244 July 9 Philip Livingston American politician d 1749 245 July 24 Benedetto Marcello Italian composer d 1739 246 July 25 William Hardres British politician d 1736 247 July 27 Mary Butterworth American colonial counterfeiter d 1775 248 July 31 Charles Duke of Berry grandson of Louis XIV of France d 1714 August 3 Gervais Baudoin Canadian physician d 1752 249 August 10 Johann Georg Christian Prince of Lobkowicz Austrian field marshal d 1755 250 August 12 John Balguy English divine and philosopher d 1748 251 Bendix Grodtschilling the Youngest Danish painter d 1737 252 August 17 Nicola Porpora Neapolitan composer of Baroque operas and teacher of singing d 1768 253 August 18 Peter von Bemmel German artist d 1754 August 19 Eustace Budgell English writer and politician d 1737 254 August 22 Albert Schultens Dutch philologist d 1750 255 August 26 or August 27 Agostino Cornacchini Italian sculptor and painter of the Rococo period d 1754 256 257 August 29 Aloysius Centurione Italian Jesuit d 1757 258 September 5 Antoine Touron French historian d 1775 September 29 Cosmas Damian Asam German painter and architect during the late Baroque period d 1739 259 September 30 John Alexander d 1743 October 15 Allan Ramsay Scottish poet or makar d 1758 260 October 17 Jacques Hardion French historian d 1766 261 October 17 bapt John Machin English mathematician d 1751 October 19 Peter van der Bosch Jesuit hagiographer d 1736 262 October 30 Charles Jean Baptiste Fleuriau French politician d 1732 263 October 31 Senesino Italian singer d 1758 264 November 1 Colin Campbell Scottish businessman d 1757 265 Axel Lowen Swedish duke d 1773 266 November 13 Eleonora Luisa Gonzaga Tuscan princess d 1741 267 November 15 Claude Louis d Espinchal marquis de Massiac French politician d 1770 November 16 Yinxiang Manchu prince of the Qing Dynasty d 1730 268 November 23 Ignacio Barbosa Machado Portuguese historian d 1734 269 November 30 Richard Lumley 2nd Earl of Scarbrough d 1740 270 December 8 John Dawnay British politician d 1740 271 December 15 Jean Joseph Fiocco Flemish composer d 1746 272 December 25 Giovanni Battista Somis Italian violinist and composer d 1763 273 date unknown William Law English cleric d 1761 274 Netawatwees Indigenous American Lenape leader d 1776 275 approximate date Queen Nanny of the Maroons Jamaican national heroine d 1755 1687 nbsp Sophia Dorothea of Hanover January 27 Johann Balthasar Neumann German architect d 1753 February 4 Joseph Effner German architect d 1745 March 7 Jean Lebeuf French historian d 1760 March 16 Sophia Dorothea of Hanover queen consort of Frederick William I d 1757 May 12 Johann Heinrich Schulze German professor and polymath d 1744 June 24 Johann Albrecht Bengel German scholar d 1752 September 7 Durastante Natalucci Italian historian d 1772 October 4 Robert Simson Scottish mathematician d 1768 October 5 Maria Maddalena Martinengo Italian nun d 1737 October 21 Nicolaus I Bernoulli Swiss mathematician d 1759 November 7 William Stukeley English archaeologist d 1765 December 5 Francesco Geminiani Italian violinist and composer d 1762 December 24 Richard Hancorne Welsh clergyman d 1732 December 26 Johann Georg Pisendel German musician d 1755 date unknown Gabriel de Clieu French naval officer and governor of Guadeloupe 1737 1752 d 1774 Shahzada Assadullah Khan Abdali Persian Governor of Herat d 1720 1688 nbsp Emanuel Swedenborg January 15 Maria van Lommen Dutch gold and silversmith d 1742 276 January 18 Lionel Cranfield Sackville 1st Duke of Dorset Lord Lieutenant of Ireland d 1765 277 January 23 Queen Ulrika Eleonora of Sweden d 1741 278 January 29 Emanuel Swedenborg Swedish scientist philosopher and theologian d 1772 279 February 4 Pierre de Marivaux French playwright d 1763 280 March William Burnet British colonial administrator d 1729 281 March 14 Anna Maria Garthwaite British designer d 1763 282 April 4 Joseph Nicolas Delisle French astronomer d 1768 283 April 15 Johann Friedrich Fasch German composer d 1758 284 May 21 Alexander Pope English poet d 1744 285 June 10 James Francis Edward Stuart The Old Pretender claimant to the English and Scottish throne d 1766 286 July 19 Giuseppe Castiglione Italian missionary to China d 1766 287 June 30 Abu l Hasan Ali I ruler of Tunisia d 1756 August 14 King Frederick William I of Prussia d 1740 September 12 Ferdinand Brokoff Czech sculptor d 1731 288 October 17 Domenico Zipoli Italian born composer d 1726 289 October 22 Nader Shah of Persia d 1747 290 November 15 bapt Charles Rivington English publisher d 1742 291 1689 nbsp Montesquieu born 18 January nbsp Pierre Joseph Alary born 19 March nbsp Richard Ward governor born 15 April nbsp Marie Anne de Bourbon born 18 April nbsp Antoine Louis Rouille born 7 June nbsp Mary Montagu Duchess of Montagu born 15 July nbsp Szymon Czechowicz born 22 July nbsp Prince William Duke of Gloucester born 24 July nbsp Henric Benzelius born 7 August nbsp Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer born 1 September nbsp Anna Sophie Schack born 4 September nbsp Catharina Backer born 22 September nbsp Nijō Yoshitada born 26 September nbsp Frans van Mieris the Younger born 24 December January 7 Robert Murray Brigadier General Scottish soldier Member of Parliament d 1738 January 11 Charles Parkin English clergyman and antiquarian d 1765 January 15 Giovanni Gaetano Bottari Italian scholar and critic d 1775 January 16 Edmond Jean Francois Barbier French historian d 1771 January 18 Montesquieu French social commentator and political thinker d 1755 Jan Abel Wassenbergh painter from the Northern Netherlands d 1750 January 21 Daniel Henchman bookseller d 1761 January 22 Philibert Orry French politician d 1747 January 23 Joseph Ames English bibliographer and antiquary d 1759 January 24 Gaspare Diziani Italian painter d 1767 January 29 James Rait Bishop of Brechin d 1777 February 1 Thomas Jenner English academic d 1768 February 3 Blas de Lezo admiral of the Spanish Empire d 1741 February 23 Leonardo Antonio Olivieri Italian painter d 1752 c February 23 Samuel Bellamy English pirate captain d 1717 February 27 Pietro Gnocchi Italian composer d 1775 John Roosevelt American businessman and alderman d 1750 Maximilian Emanuel of Wurttemberg Winnental German noble d 1709 March 3 Thomas Ingoldsby British politician d 1768 March 3 Mattias Alexander von Ungern Sternberg Swedish politician and field marshal d 1763 March 7 Charles Michel Mesaiger Jesuit priest d 1766 March 11 Roger Handasyd British Army officer d 1763 Nanbu Toshimoto mid Edo period Japanese samurai the 6th daimyō of Morioka Domain d 1725 March 19 Pierre Joseph Alary French ecclesiastic and writer d 1770 March 20 Thomas Robie Colonial American scientist and physician d 1729 March 25 Peder Hersleb Norwegian bishop d 1757 March 26 Archduchess Maria Magdalena of Austria Austrian Royal d 1743 April 2 Arthur Dobbs Irish politician governor of the Province of North Carolina d 1765 April 5 William Holmes English academic and Dean of Exeter d 1748 April 14 William Murray Marquess of Tullibardine Scottish army officer and Jacobite leader d 1746 April 15 Richard Ward American colonial governor d 1763 April 18 Marie Anne de Bourbon French noble d 1720 April 21 Johann Jakob Fried German obstetrician d 1769 April 24 Giovanni Antonio Faldoni Italian painter and engraver d 1770 April 30 Jean Jacques Amelot de Chaillou French politician d 1749 May 1 Martha Fowke English poet d 1736 May 2 Franz de Paula Ferg Austrian painter d 1740 May 5 John Tufts American minister and music educator d 1750 May 10 Jose Manso de Velasco 1st Count of Superunda Royal Governor of Chile d 1767 May 11 Heinrich Karl Ludwig de Herault Prussian Army general d 1757 May 15 Lady Mary Wortley Montagu writer and poet from England d 1762 May 16 Samuel Adams Sr American brewer d 1748 May 21 Andre Francois Deslandes French philosopher d 1757 May 24 Daniel Finch 8th Earl of Winchilsea British politician d 1769 May 27 Andreas Jakob von Dietrichstein Archbishop of Salzburg d 1753 May 28 Maximilian of Hesse Kassel German prince d 1753 May 29 Louis de Gramont 6th Duke of Gramont French general d 1745 June 1 Henri Francois comte de Segur French general d 1751 June 2 Edward Harley 2nd Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer British politician bibliophile collector and patron of the arts d 1741 June 6 Algernon Coote 6th Earl of Mountrath Irish politician d 1744 June 7 Antoine Louis Rouille French noble d 1761 June 12 Sir Richard Grosvenor 4th Baronet British politician d 1732 June 19 Montague Blundell 1st Viscount Blundell Irish Viscount d 1756 June 23 George Hay 8th Earl of Kinnoull British diplomat d 1758 June 24 Giovanni Casini Portrait painter and sculptor d 1748 June 26 Edward Holyoke American academic administrator 9th president of Harvard d 1769 James Radclyffe 3rd Earl of Derwentwater English noble d 1716 July 6 Johann Friedrich Karl von Ostein Roman Catholic archbishop d 1763 July 9 Alexis Piron French writer d 1773 July 14 Antoine Gaubil French missionary d 1759 July 15 Mary Montagu Duchess of Montagu d 1751 July 16 Samuel Molyneux Irish politician d 1728 July 17 Christian Landgrave of Hesse Wanfried Rheinfels d 1755 July 21 John Quincy American soldier and politician d 1767 July 22 Szymon Czechowicz Polish artist d 1775 July 24 Prince William Duke of Gloucester son of Queen Anne d 1700 July 26 Maria Anna Josepha Althann Spanish noble d 1755 August 1 Pedro de Calatayud writer d 1773 August 3 Ladislas Ignace de Bercheny Marshal of France d 1778 August 4 James Cotter the Younger Leader of the Catholics of Cork d 1720 August 7 Henric Benzelius Swedish archbishop d 1758 August 8 Wenzel Lorenz Reiner Czech painter d 1743 August 19 Samuel Richardson English writer and printer d 1761 August 21 Josep Prades i Gallent Organist and composer d 1757 September 1 Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer Czech architect d 1751 Philipp Segesser Swiss missionary d 1762 September 4 Hugh Bethell British Member of Parliament d 1747 Thomas Lawrence American mayor d 1754 Anna Sophie Schack Danish noblewoman d 1760 September 13 Johan Fredrik Peringskiold Swedish translator d 1725 September 17 Ferdinand Charles comte d Aspremont Lynden army general d 1772 September 18 Gabriel Malagrida Italian missionary d 1761 September 21 Jan Klemens Branicki Polish noble d 1771 September 22 Catharina Backer painter from the Northern Netherlands d 1766 September 23 Antonio Denzio Italian opera singer d 1763 September 24 Johann Adam Steinmetz German pastor d 1762 September 26 Nijō Yoshitada Japanese noble d 1737 September 27 Edward Stanley 11th Earl of Derby English noble and politician d 1776 September 29 Henry Perrot British Member of Parliament d 1740 September 30 Jacques Aubert French composer and violinist d 1753 October 10 Francesco Maria Pratilli Italian priest antiquarian famed for skilled forgeries d 1763 October 15 Nicolas Ignace de Beaubois French missionary d 1770 October 22 King John V of Portugal Portuguese king d 1750 Matthew Skinner English serjeant at law judge and politician d 1749 October 29 Tokugawa Yoshimichi daimyo d 1713 October 31 Mildmay Fane British politician d 1715 November 2 Michael Cox Anglican archbishop in Ireland d 1779 Charles Francois Panard French chansonnier and poet d 1765 Joan Paul Schaghen Dutch governor d 1746 November 3 Jan Josef Ignac Brentner Czech composer d 1742 John Crowley British Member of Parliament d 1728 November 4 Luis Carlos Inacio Xavier de Meneses 1st Marquis of Lourical Portuguese nobleman and statesman d 1742 November 6 Reynolds Calthorpe politician d 1714 Christoph Schutz German theologian d 1750 November 8 Henry XXXV Prince of Schwarzburg Sondershausen d 1758 November 17 Jean Francois Foppens Flemish historian d 1761 November 21 Jacques I Prince of Monaco Prince consort of Monaco d 1751 November 29 Johann Theodor Eller German chemist and physician d 1760 November 30 Lars Gathenhielm Swedish privateer d 1718 Joseph Wamps French painter d 1744 December 1 Hieronymus Albrecht Hass harpsichord maker d 1752 December 4 Gottfried Lengnich historian and politician d 1774 December 8 Albert Wolfgang of Brandenburg Bayreuth Titular margrave of Brandenburg imperial general d 1734 December 11 Ignatius van der Beken Flemish painter d 1774 December 14 Agostino Veracini Italian painter d 1762 December 21 Arthur Ingram 6th Viscount of Irvine British peer and politician d 1736 December 23 Joseph Bodin de Boismortier French composer d 1755 December 24 Frans van Mieris the Younger Dutch painter d 1763 December 27 Jacob August Franckenstein Encyclopedia editor professor d 1733 DeathsTranscluding articles 1680 1681 1682 1683 1684 1685 1686 1687 1688 and 1689 1680 nbsp Ann Lady Fanshawe nbsp Shivaji nbsp Ferdinand Bol nbsp Emperor Go Mizunoo January 2 John Jolliffe English politician and businessman b 1613 Trunajaya Maduran prince and rebel leader murdered b 1649 January 18 John Hervey English courtier and politician b 1616 January 20 Ann Lady Fanshawe English memoirist b 1625 January 23 Capel Luckyn English Member of Parliament b 1622 February Ralph Davenant English rector and founder of Davenant Foundation School February 11 Elisabeth of the Palatinate German princess philosopher and Calvinist b 1618 February 17 Denzil Holles 1st Baron Holles English statesman and writer b 1599 Frans Post Dutch painter b 1612 Jan Swammerdam Dutch scientist b 1637 February 22 Catherine Monvoisin French fortune teller and poisoner b c 1640 February 27 Philippe Balthazar de Gand French noble b 1616 March 14 Rene Le Bossu French critic b 1631 March 17 William Brereton 3rd Baron Brereton English politician b 1631 Francois de La Rochefoucauld French writer b 1613 292 March 23 Nicolas Fouquet French statesman b 1615 April 1 David Denicke German jurist and hymnwriter b 1603 April 3 Chhatrapati Shivaji Bhosale founder of the Maratha Empire b 1630 April 19 Marie Hedwig of Hesse Darmstadt Duchess consort of Saxe Meiningen 1671 1680 b 1647 April 25 Louise of Anhalt Dessau Duchess suo jure of Olawa and Wolow 1672 1680 b 1631 Simon Paulli Danish physician b 1603 April 29 Nicolas Cotoner Spanish 61st Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller b 1608 May 29 Abraham Megerle Austrian composer and organist b 1607 May 31 Joachim Neander German Calvinist clergyman b 1650 June 4 Augustus Duke of Saxe Weissenfels administrator of the archbishopric of Magdeburg b 1614 Tokugawa Ietsuna Japanese Tokugawa shōgun b 1641 June 18 Samuel Butler English poet b 1612 June 10 Johan Goransson Gyllenstierna Swedish statesman b 1635 Louis Moreri French encyclopedist b 1643 July 26 John Wilmot 2nd Earl of Rochester English poet b 1647 Sir Hugh Smith 1st Baronet English Member of Parliament b 1632 July 30 Thomas Butler 6th Earl of Ossory b 1634 August 19 John Eudes French missionary b 1601 August 20 William Bedloe English informer b 1650 August 22 John George II Elector of Saxony b 1613 August 24 Ferdinand Bol Dutch painter etcher and draftsman b 1616 Thomas Blood thief of the English Crown Jewels b 1618 August 25 Symeon of Polotsk Belarusian churchman and poet b 1629 August 27 Joan Cererols Catalan musician and Benedictine monk b 1618 August 28 Charles I Louis Elector Palatine b 1617 September 1 Anna Sophia I Abbess of Quedlinburg Dutch abbess b 1619 September 2 Per Brahe the Younger Swedish soldier and statesman b 1602 September 3 Anna Elisabeth of Anhalt Bernburg duchess consort of Wurttemberg Bernstadt b 1647 Paul Ragueneau French Jesuit missionary b 1608 September 9 Henry Marten English regicide b 1602 September 10 Baldassare Ferri Italian castrato b 1610 September 11 Roger Crab English Puritan political writer b 1621 Emperor Go Mizunoo of Japan b 1596 September 26 John Dury Scottish born Calvinist minister b 1596 September 30 Johann Grueber Austrian Jesuit missionary and astronomer b 1623 October 4 Pierre Paul Riquet French engineer and canal builder b 1609 October 13 Lelio Colista Italian composer and lutenist b 1629 October 16 Raimondo Montecuccoli Italian general b 1609 October 17 Charles FitzCharles 1st Earl of Plymouth illegitimate son of King Charles II b 1657 October 30 Antoinette Bourignon Flemish mystic b 1616 November 9 Hungerford Dunch English politician b 1639 November 27 or November 28 Athanasius Kircher German Jesuit scholar b 1602 November 28 Gian Lorenzo Bernini Italian sculptor b 1598 293 Giovanni Francesco Grimaldi Italian architect and painter b 1606 November 30 Peter Lely Dutch painter b 1618 December 4 Thomas Bartholin Danish physician mathematician and theologian b 1616 December 8 Henry Pierrepont 1st Marquess of Dorchester English politician b 1606 December 10 Marco Uccellini Italian composer and violinist b 1603 or 1610 December 20 Princess Elisabeth Sophie of Saxe Altenburg German princess b 1619 December 29 Arent Berntsen Norwegian statistician b 1610 William Howard 1st Viscount Stafford of England b 1614 November 30 Christopher Sandius Dutch Arian writer b 1644 Zhou Youde Chinese official Marie Meurdrac French chemist and alchemist b 1610 1681 nbsp Frans van Mieris the Elder nbsp Jahanara Begum January 5 Pietro Vidoni Italian Catholic cardinal b 1610 January 7 Magdalena Sibylla of Saxe Weissenfels German noblewoman b 1648 January 27 Edmund Bowyer English politician b 1613 January 28 Richard Allestree English royalist churchman b c 1621 March 6 Michel de Marolles French translator and churchman b 1600 March 12 Frans van Mieris the Elder Dutch painter b 1635 March 17 Zheng Jing Chinese pirate b 1642 April 3 Lucas Franchoys the Younger Flemish painter b 1616 April 8 Gabriel Druillettes French missionary b 1610 April 10 Philip I Count of Schaumburg Lippe 1640 1681 b 1601 April 11 Frederick Louis Count Palatine of Zweibrucken b 1619 April 12 Pietro Paolini Italian painter b 1603 April 22 Jeffrey Daniel English politician b 1626 Marie Fouquet French medical writer and philanthropist b 1590 April 23 Justus Sustermans Flemish painter b 1597 April 26 Charles Howard 3rd Earl of Nottingham son of Charles Howard b 1610 May 4 Johannes Musaeus German theologian b 1613 May 6 Catherine Trianon French fortune teller and poisoner b 1627 May 6 Sir Philip Wodehouse 3rd Baronet English baronet b 1608 May 24 Nicodemus Tessin the Elder Swedish architect b 1615 May 25 Pedro Calderon de la Barca Spanish dramatist and poet b 1600 June 9 William Lilly English astrologer b 1602 June 12 Sigmund von Birken German Baroque poet b 1626 July 1 Oliver Plunkett Irish saint b 1629 July 8 Georg Neumark German poet and composer of hymns b 1621 July 10 Christian Lupus Flemish historian b 1612 July 20 Louis Gunther II Count of Schwarzburg Ebeleben 1642 1681 b 1621 July 25 Urian Oakes English born president of Harvard University b 1631 July 31 Sir Baynham Throckmorton 3rd Baronet English Member of Parliament b 1629 August 12 Sir George Wharton 1st Baronet English baronet b 1617 August 17 Patriarch Nikon of Moscow Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church b 1605 August 18 Thomas Allen English politician b 1603 August 22 Philippe Delano Dutch Plymouth Colony settler b 1602 August 27 William Christoph Landgrave of Hesse Homburg b 1625 September 11 Dirk van Bleiswijk Dutch politician writer b 1639 Godfrey Henschen Jesuit hagiographer b 1601 September 16 Jahanara Begum Mughal princess b 1614 September 27 Jacob Masen German poet b 1606 October 7 Nicolaas Heinsius the Elder Dutch scholar b 1620 October 15 Johann Ludwig Schonleben Carniolan priest b 1618 November 2 Eleanor of Anhalt Zerbst duchess consort of Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Norburg b 1608 November 13 Arnold Braemes English politician b 1602 November 17 Tito Livio Burattini Italian inventor Egyptologist and instrument maker b 1617 November 23 Hedwig of the Palatinate Sulzbach Archduchess of Austria Duchess of Saxe Lauenburg b 1650 November 26 Jean Garnier French historian b 1612 Giovanni Paolo Oliva Italian Jesuit b 1600 December 4 Maurice Duke of Saxe Zeitz b 1619 December 5 Agatha Christine of Hanau Lichtenberg German noblewoman b 1632 December 8 Gerard ter Borch Dutch painter b 1617 December 12 Hermann Conring German philosopher b 1606 December 15 James Compton 3rd Earl of Northampton English politician b 1622 December 16 Francois Vavasseur French writer b 1605 December 18 Olimpia Aldobrandini Italian Aldobrandini family member heiress b 1623 December 21 Lacuzon Franche Comte military leader b 1607 December 22 Richard Alleine English Puritan clergyman b 1611 c December John Pordage Anglican vicar b 1607 date unknown Fatima Soltan sovereign queen of the Qasim Khanate 1682 nbsp Prince Rupert of the Rhine January 1 Jacob Kettler German noble b 1610 January 3 Olaus Verelius scholar of Old Norse and Scandinavian studies b 1618 February 2 Jean Le Pautre French designer and engraver b 1618 February 10 Sir William Hickman 2nd Baronet Member of the House of Commons of England b 1629 February 15 Claude de la Colombiere French Jesuit priest and saint b 1641 Gu Yanwu Chinese philologist and geographer b 1613 February 18 Pierre Dupuis French painter b 1610 February 19 Frederick of Hesse Darmstadt German Catholic cardinal b 1616 February 25 Robert Packer English politician b 1614 Alessandro Stradella Italian composer b 1639 March 13 Dorothea Augusta of Schleswig Holstein Gottorp German duchess b 1602 March 14 Jacob Isaakszoon van Ruisdael Dutch painter b c 1628 March 24 Frederick Duke of Wurttemberg Neuenstadt German duke b 1615 March 31 John Frescheville 1st Baron Frescheville English politician b 1607 April 1 Franz Egon of Furstenberg German politician and Archbishop of Strasbourg b 1625 April 3 Bartolome Esteban Murillo Spanish painter b 1618 April 6 Johann von Hoverbeck Prussian diplomat b 1606 April 8 Francois Perrochel French cleric b 1602 April 27 Heo Mok Korean politician poet and scholar b 1595 May 7 Tsar Feodor III of Russia b 1661 May 28 Henri Duke of Verneuil French bishop b 1601 July 12 Jean Picard French astronomer b 1620 July 19 Yohannes I Emperor of Ethiopia b c 1640 August 12 Jean Louis Raduit de Souches German Imperial field marshal b 1608 August 24 John Maitland 1st Duke of Lauderdale b 1616 Marie Charlotte de la Tremoille French noble b 1632 August 26 William Wirich Count of Daun Falkenstein German nobleman b 1613 September 8 Juan Caramuel y Lobkowitz Spanish writer b 1606 September 16 Yamazaki Ansai Japanese philosopher b 1619 October 19 Sir Thomas Browne English author physician and philosopher b 1605 October 20 Antonio das Chagas Portuguese Franciscan friar and ascetical writer b 1631 November 2 Francis Browne 3rd Viscount Montagu in the Peerage of England b 1610 November 4 Dirck Rembrantsz van Nierop Dutch astronomer and cartographer b 1610 November 14 Rijcklof van Goens Dutch colonial governor b 1619 November 23 Claude Lorrain Lorraine born landscape painter b c 1600 November 28 Valentine Greatrakes Irish faith healer b 1628 November 29 Prince Rupert of the Rhine German soldier Royalist commander in the English Civil War b 1619 December 18 Heneage Finch 1st Earl of Nottingham English politician b 1621 Gudridur Simonardottir Icelandic woman victim of the Turkish abductions b 1598 date unknown Phillip Calvert Colonial governor of Maryland b c 1626 Mariam Dadiani Queen Dowager of Kartli b 1599 1609 The Great 5th Dalai Lama of Tibet b 1617 1683 nbsp Julien Maunoir nbsp Cesare Facchinetti nbsp Alfonso VI of Portugal January 2 Sir Thomas Twisden 1st Baronet English politician b 1602 January 14 Edward Thurland English politician b 1607 January 15 Philip Warwick English writer and politician b 1609 January 21 Anthony Ashley Cooper 1st Earl of Shaftesbury British politician b 1621 January 28 Julian Maunoir French Jesuit priest b 1606 January 30 Cesare Facchinetti Italian Roman Catholic cardinal b 1608 February 18 Nicolaes Pieterszoon Berchem Dutch painter b 1620 February 27 Engel de Ruyter Dutch admiral b 1649 February 28 Johann Paul Freiherr von Hocher Austrian chancellor b 1616 March 6 Guarino Guarini Italian architect of the Piedmontese Baroque b 1624 March 8 Robert Paston 1st Earl of Yarmouth English politician earl b 1631 March 11 Giovanni Bernardo Carboni Italian painter b 1614 March 14 Robert Montagu 3rd Earl of Manchester English politician b 1634 March 16 Henrik Bjelke Norwegian military officer b 1615 March 19 Thomas Killigrew English dramatist b 1612 April 28 Daniel Casper von Lohenstein German writer diplomat and lawyer b 1635 March 29 Yaoya Oshichi young Japanese girl burned at the stake for arson b 1667 May 2 Stjepan Gradic Croatian philosopher and scientist b 1613 May 15 John Ernest II Duke of Saxe Weimar b 1627 June 4 Wolfgang George Frederick von Pfalz Neuburg German bishop b 1659 July 7 Elisabeth Henriette of Hesse Kassel daughter of William VI b 1661 July 10 Francois Eudes de Mezeray French historian b 1610 July 13 Arthur Capell 1st Earl of Essex English statesman b 1631 July 21 William Russell Lord Russell English politician b 1639 July 26 Jean Le Vacher French Lazarist missionary and French consul b 1619 July 30 Maria Theresa of Spain French queen married to Louis XIV of France b 1638 August 4 Turhan Hatice Sultan Ottoman Valide Sultan married to Ibrahim and the mother of Sultan Mehmed IV b 1627 August 18 Charles Hart English actor b 1625 August 22 Sir John Hobart 3rd Baronet English landowner and politician b 1628 August 24 John Owen English non conformist theologian b 1616 September 6 Jean Baptiste Colbert French minister of finance b 1619 September 12 King Afonso VI of Portugal b 1643 September 17 John Campanius Swedish Lutheran minister in New Sweden b 1601 October 1 John Hull colonial American merchant and politician b 1624 294 October 8 Philipp Friedrich Boddecker German organist and composer b 1607 October 9 Francesco Caetani 8th Duke of Sermoneta Governor of the Duchy of Milan b 1613 October 25 William Scroggs lord chief justice of England b c 1623 November 10 John Collins English mathematician b 1625 Robert Morison Scottish botanist and taxonomist b 1620 November 16 Margareta Huitfeldt Norwegian Swedish noble b 1608 November 29 John Wright British politician b 1615 December 7 John Oldham English poet smallpox b 1653 Algernon Sidney English politician b 1623 December 13 Anna Sophia II Abbess of Quedlinburg Abbesses of Quedlinburg b 1638 December 15 Izaak Walton English writer b 1593 December 16 John Knight Member of the Parliament of England b 1613 December 25 Samuel Clarke English writer and priest b 1599 December 27 Maria Francisca of Savoy Queen consort of Portugal b 1646 Birgitta Durell Swedish industrialist b 1616 Roger Williams English theologian and colonist b 1603 1684 nbsp Pieter de Hooch nbsp Pierre Corneille nbsp Geraud de Cordemoy January 4 Louis Isaac Lemaistre de Sacy French Bible translator b 1613 January 11 Cornelis Speelman Governor General of the Dutch East Indies b 1628 295 January 13 Henry Howard 6th Duke of Norfolk English noble b 1628 296 January 15 Alvise Contarini Doge of Venice b 1601 297 January 21 Queen Myeongseong Korean royal consort b 1642 January 29 Angelique de Saint Jean Arnauld d Andilly French Jansenist nun b 1624 298 February 6 Ernst Bogislaw von Croy German Lutheran administrator b 1620 299 February 11 Sir Thomas Peyton 2nd Baronet English politician b 1613 300 February 25 Dorothy Spencer Countess of Sunderland English noblewoman b 1617 301 March 24 Pieter de Hooch Dutch painter b 1629 302 Elizabeth Ridgeway English poisoner burned at the stake 303 April 3 Marc Restout French painter b 1616 April 5 Lord William Brouncker English mathematician b 1602 Karl Eusebius Prince of Liechtenstein b 1611 304 April 6 Domenico Maria Canuti Italian Baroque painter b 1625 305 April 12 Nicola Amati Cremonese violin maker b 1596 306 April 13 Nicolas Antonio Spanish bibliographer b 1617 307 April 24 Johann Olearius German hymnwriter b 1611 May 4 John Nevison English highwayman hanged b 1639 May 10 Anne Carr Countess of Bedford English noble b 1615 308 May 12 Edme Mariotte French physicist and priest b c 1620 309 June 24 Sir Edward Dering 2nd Baronet Irish politician b 1625 310 July 6 Peter Gunning English royalist churchman b 1614 311 July 12 John Rogers American President of Harvard University b 1630 312 July 26 Elena Cornaro Piscopia Venetian philosopher of noble descent b 1646 313 August 8 George Booth 1st Baron Delamer English royalist politician soldier and landowner b 1622 314 August 20 Maria d Este Italian noble b 1644 315 September 9 Jakob Thomasius German philosopher b 1622 316 October 1 Pierre Corneille French playwright b 1606 317 October 11 James Tuchet 3rd Earl of Castlehaven Anglo Irish noble and soldier b c 1617 318 October 12 William Croone English physician an original Fellow of the Royal Society b 1633 319 October 15 Geraud de Cordemoy French historian philosopher and lawyer b 1626 320 Julius Siegmund Duke of Wurttemberg Juliusburg German noble b 1653 321 October 24 Duchess Marie Elisabeth of Saxony b 1610 322 October 25 Dud Dudley English ironmaster b 1600 323 November 20 Bartolome Garcia de Escanuela Spanish Catholic prelate and bishop b 1627 324 Cornelius Van Steenwyk American politician b 1626 325 November 23 William Cavendish 3rd Earl of Devonshire English noble b 1617 326 December 10 Sir Thomas Sclater 1st Baronet English politician b 1615 327 December 22 Francis Hawley 1st Baron Hawley English politician b 1608 328 date unknown Alexandra Mavrokordatou Greek intellectual salonist b 1605 329 1685 nbsp King Charles II of England nbsp Emperor Go Sai nbsp James Scott January 2 Harbottle Grimston English politician b 1603 January 13 Daniello Bartoli Italian Jesuit priest b 1608 February 6 King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland b 1630 330 February 11 David Teniers III Flemish painter b 1638 February 20 Sophie Amalie of Brunswick Luneburg Danish queen b 1628 February 24 Archduchess Isabella Clara of Austria Austrian archduchess b 1629 Charles Howard 1st Earl of Carlisle English politician and military leader b 1629 March 6 Sir Thomas Spencer 3rd Baronet English Member of Parliament b 1639 March 7 Giles Hungerford English politician b 1614 March 9 Carpoforo Tencalla Swiss Italian Baroque painter of canvases and frescoes b 1623 March 11 Klara Izabella Pacowa politically active Polish court official b 1631 March 17 Sir Richard Bulkeley 1st Baronet Irish politician b 1634 March 19 Rene Francois de Sluse Walloon mathematician b 1622 March 22 Emperor Go Sai of Japan b 1638 March 25 Nicolas Robert French painter b 1614 March 30 Friedrich Casimir Count of Hanau Lichtenberg 1641 1680 and Hanau Munzenberg 1642 1680 b 1623 March 31 Juan Hidalgo de Polanco Spanish composer b 1614 April Adriaen van Ostade Dutch painter and engraver b 1610 April 5 Samuel Sandys English politician b 1615 April 14 Thomas Otway English dramatist b 1652 May 11 Margaret Wilson Scottish martyr b c 1667 May 25 Sir John Marsham 1st Baronet English politician b 1602 May 26 Karl II Elector Palatine b 1651 June 10 Henry Goring English politician b 1646 June 16 Anne Killigrew English poet and painter b 1660 June 26 John Evelyn English politician b 1601 June 30 Archibald Campbell 9th Earl of Argyll Scottish peer b 1629 July 6 Nicholas Pedley English politician b 1615 July 15 James Scott 1st Duke of Monmouth illegitimate son of Charles II of England beheaded b 1649 July 28 Henry Bennet 1st Earl of Arlington English statesman b 1618 August 8 Giovanni Battista Salvi da Sassoferrato b 1609 September 1 Leoline Jenkins Welsh lawyer and diplomat b 1625 September 5 Francis North 1st Baron Guilford b 1637 September 9 Richard Ingoldsby English politician b 1617 September 17 Arthur Spry English politician b 1612 September 24 Gustaf Otto Stenbock Swedish soldier and politician b 1614 October 1 Kanō Yasunobu Japanese painter of the Kanō school of painting during the Edo period b 1614 October 3 Juan Carreno de Miranda Spanish artist b 1614 Johann Heinrich Roos Dutch painter b 1631 October 12 Christoph Ignaz Abele Austrian jurist b 1628 Gerard Brandt Dutch historian b 1626 October 23 Yamaga Sokō Japanese philosopher b 1622 October 29 Anne Wharton English poet b 1659 October 30 Michel Le Tellier French statesman b 1603 November 4 Girolamo Grimaldi Cavalleroni Italian Catholic cardinal b 1597 November 7 Sir William Maynard 1st Baronet English politician b 1641 November 9 Louis Armand I Prince of Conti b 1661 November 18 George Courthope English politician b 1616 November 28 Maffeo Barberini Prince of Palestrina b 1631 Nicolas de Neufville de Villeroy Marshal of France b 1598 December 12 John Pell English mathematician b 1610 date unknown Nalan Xingde Chinese poet who became a scholar and officer in the Imperial Bodyguard b 1655 1686 nbsp Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie nbsp Otto von Guericke nbsp Eleonora Gonzaga January 10 Ana de los Angeles Monteagudo Peruvian nun b 1602 331 January 17 Carlo Dolci Italian painter b 1616 332 January 19 Simon Digby 4th Baron Digby English politician b 1657 333 January 21 Francois Blondel French architect b 1618 334 January 22 Duchess Johanna Magdalena of Saxe Altenburg b 1656 335 January 31 Jean Mairet French dramatist b 1604 336 February 6 dubious Dorothy White English Quaker and writer b 1630 337 February 10 William Dugdale English antiquarian b 1605 338 February 21 Sibylle Christine of Anhalt Dessau Princess of Anhalt Dessau b 1603 339 March 17 Elisabeth Marie Duchess of Oels Regent of Oels b 1625 March 22 John Frederick Margrave of Brandenburg Ansbach b 1654 340 146 March 26 Charlotte Landgravine of Hesse Kassel German noble b 1627 April 6 Arthur Annesley 1st Earl of Anglesey English royalist statesman b 1614 341 April 19 Antonio de Solis y Ribadeneyra Spanish writer b 1610 342 April 23 Henrietta Wentworth 6th Baroness Wentworth of England b 1660 343 April 26 Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie Swedish statesman and military man b 1622 344 May 11 Otto von Guericke German physicist and inventor of the Magdeburg Hemispheres b 1602 345 May 29 Ove Juul Governor General of Norway b 1615 346 May 31 Nicholas Barre French Minim friar priest and founder b 1621 347 June 23 William Coventry English statesman b c 1628 348 July 10 John Fell English churchman b 1625 349 July 16 John Pearson English theologian b 1612 350 August 3 Anna Margaret of Hesse Homburg Duchess consort of Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Wiesenburg b 1629 340 73 August 13 Louis Maimbourg French born historian b 1610 351 September 19 John George I Duke of Saxe Eisenach German duke b 1634 352 October 26 John Egerton 2nd Earl of Bridgewater English politician b 1623 353 November 1 William Duckett English politician b 1624 354 November 25 Nicolas Steno Danish pioneer in anatomy and geology bishop b 1638 355 November 28 Nicolas Letourneux French preacher ascetical writer b 1640 356 December 6 Eleonora Gonzaga Queen consort of Ferdinand III Holy Roman Emperor b 1630 357 December 11 Louis Grand Conde French general b 1621 358 December 12 Charles de Noyelle French Jesuit Superior General b 1615 359 December 24 Philip Packer British barrister and architect b 1618 date unknown but before May 8 Joseph Bridger Colonial Governor of Virginia b 1631 360 1687 nbsp William Petty January 11 Jean Claude French Protestant clergyman b 1619 January 28 Johannes Hevelius Polish astronomer b 1611 January 31 Francisco Varo Spanish linguist b 1627 February 15 Marie Elisabeth of Brunswick Wolfenbuttel German noblewoman b 1638 February 16 Charles Cotton English poet and writer b 1630 February 22 Jean Hamon French doctor and writer b 1618 February 26 Magdalena Elisabeth of Hanau German noblewoman b 1611 March 19 Rene Robert Cavelier Sieur de La Salle French explorer b 1643 March 20 Margravine Magdalene Sibylle of Brandenburg Bayreuth Electress of Saxony by marriage b 1612 March 20 Marie Eleonore of Dietrichstein Countess of Kaunitz and Oppersdorf b 1623 March 22 Jean Baptiste Lully French composer established opera in France b 1632 March 28 Constantijn Huygens Dutch poet and composer b 1596 April 12 Ambrose Dixon Virginia Colony pioneer b c 1628 April 16 George Villiers 2nd Duke of Buckingham English statesman b 1628 April 20 Richard Olmsted Connecticut settler b 1612 April 23 Ferdinand Albert I Duke of Brunswick Luneburg b 1636 April 25 Johannes Caioni Transylvanian Franciscan friar b 1629 July 19 Laura Martinozzi Duchess consort of Modena b 1639 August 9 Niccolo Albergati Ludovisi Italian Catholic cardinal b 1608 September 1 Henry More English philosopher b 1614 September 12 John Alden English born Mayflower crewman b c 1599 September 28 Francis Turretin Swiss theologian b 1623 October 13 Geminiano Montanari Italian astronomer b 1633 October 19 Giulio Bartolocci Italian Biblical scholar b 1613 October 21 Edmund Waller English poet b 1606 October 24 Countess Palatine Maria Eufrosyne of Zweibrucken Swedish princess b 1625 November 4 Jacques Leneuf de La Poterie Norman nobleman seigneur and fur trader in New France b 1604 Johanna Walpurgis of Leiningen Westerburg German noblewoman by marriage Duchess of Saxe Weissenfels b 1647 November 6 Charles de Grimaldi Regusse French aristocrat b 1612 November 14 Nell Gwyn English actress a mistress of Charles II of England b 1650 November 18 Anton Janson Dutch typefounder and printer b 1620 December 10 Horatio Townshend 1st Viscount Townshend English viscount b 1630 December 16 Sir William Petty English philosopher scientist and economist b 1623 361 December 21 Elizabeth Tilley English pilgrim settler in North America who was one of the original passengers of the Mayflower b 1607 date unknown Josias Fendall Colonial governor of Maryland b c 1628 1688 nbsp Ferdinand Verbiest nbsp James Butler 1st Duke of Ormond January 7 James Howard 3rd Earl of Suffolk 362 January 27 Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang concubine of Qing Dynasty ruler Hong Taiji b 1613 363 January 28 Ferdinand Verbiest Flemish Jesuit missionary in China b 1623 364 February 2 Abraham Duquesne French naval officer b 1610 365 February 13 David Christiani German mathematician and philosopher b 1610 366 February 17 James Renwick Scottish minister and Covenanter martyr b 1662 367 February 28 Johann Sigismund Elsholtz German naturalist and physician b 1623 368 March 1 Sir Thomas Slingsby 2nd Baronet of England b 1636 369 March 3 Marie de Lorraine Duchess of Guise b 1615 370 March 8 Honore Fabri French mathematician b 1608 371 March 20 Maria of Orange Nassau Dutch princess b 1642 372 March 23 Marcantonio Giustinian 107th Doge of Venice b 1619 373 March 26 Winston Churchill English noble soldier b 1620 374 March 27 Frederick Burgrave of Dohna Dutch officer and governor of Orange b 1621 375 April 28 Frederick Duke of Mecklenburg Grabow German nobleman titular Duke of Mecklenburg b 1638 376 April 29 Friedrich Wilhelm Elector of Brandenburg b 1620 113 May 14 Antoine Furetiere French writer b 1619 377 May 22 Johannes Andreas Quenstedt German theologian b 1617 378 June 1 Peder Hansen Resen Danish historian b 1625 379 June 3 Maximilian Henry of Bavaria Roman Catholic bishop b 1621 380 June 5 Constantine Phaulkon Greek adventurer b 1647 117 June 26 John Claypole English politician b 1625 381 Ralph Cudworth English philosopher b 1617 382 June 28 Richard Winwood English politician b 1609 383 June 29 Ippolito Lante Montefeltro della Rovere Italian nobleman and Duke of Bomarzo b 1618 384 July 11 King Narai of Thailand b 1639 114 453 July 21 James Butler 1st Duke of Ormonde Irish statesman b 1610 385 August 25 Henry Morgan Welsh privateer and Governor of Jamaica b c 1635 386 August 31 John Bunyan English writer b 1628 387 September 2 Robert Viner Lord Mayor of London b 1631 388 September 9 Claude Mellan French painter and engraver b 1598 389 September 13 Sir John Bright 1st Baronet English politician b 1619 390 September 20 Queen Jangnyeol Korean royal consort b 1624 November 26 Jacques Goulet early pioneer in New France now Quebec b 1615 391 October 4 Philips Koninck Dutch painter b 1619 392 393 Roger Pepys English lawyer and politician b 1617 394 October 6 Christopher Monck 2nd Duke of Albemarle English statesman b 1653 395 October 9 Claude Perrault French architect b 1613 396 October 14 Joachim von Sandrart German Baroque art historian and painter b 1606 397 October 23 Charles du Fresne sieur du Cange French philologist b 1610 398 November 26 Philippe Quinault French dramatist b 1635 399 November 29 Bohuslav Balbin Czech writer and Jesuit b 1621 400 December 4 Sir Edward Seymour 3rd Baronet Member of Parliament b 1610 401 December 8 Thomas Flatman British artist b 1635 402 December 15 Gaspar Fagel Dutch statesman b 1634 403 December 15 Louis Victor de Rochechouart de Mortemart French military man brother of Madame de Montespan b 1636 404 1689 nbsp Seth Ward bishop of Salisbury died 6 January nbsp Marie Louise d Orleans died 12 February nbsp Sambhaji died 11 March nbsp Kazimierz Lyszczynski died 30 March nbsp Archduchess Maria Anna Josepha of Austria died 4 April nbsp Lorenzo Onofrio Colonna died 14 April nbsp Aphra Behn died 16 April nbsp Christina Queen of Sweden died 19 April nbsp Conyers Darcy 1st Earl of Holderness died 14 June nbsp Song Si yeol died 19 July nbsp Pope Innocent XI died 12 August nbsp John Lake bishop died 30 August nbsp Jane Lane Lady Fisher died 9 September nbsp George Ent died 13 October nbsp Stephan Farffler died 24 October nbsp Thomas Sydenham died 29 December January 6 Cristoforo Ivanovich Venetian historian and librettist of Serb origin b 1628 Bishop Seth Ward Bishop of Salisbury mathematician and astronomer b 1617 January 9 Sir Hugh Cholmeley 4th Baronet English politician b 1632 January 16 Gilbert Holles 3rd Earl of Clare English politician b 1633 January 18 Ernest Gunther I Duke of Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Augustenburg b 1609 Humphrey Lloyd British bishop b 1610 January 24 Henry Waldegrave 1st Baron Waldegrave English peer and Jacobite supporter b 1661 January 27 Robert Aske merchant amp haberdasher in the City of London b 1619 Sir Henry Beaumont 2nd Baronet English politician b 1638 Thomas Colepeper 2nd Baron Colepeper English noble and colonial governor of Virginia b 1635 January 28 Bernardino Corniani Roman Catholic prelate Bishop of Pula b 1626 January 29 Maria van Cortlandt van Rensselaer Dutch director of Rensselaerswyck Albany New York b 1645 January 31 Manuel de Herrera Roman Catholic prelate Bishop of Durango b 1635 February 1 Sir John Borlase 2nd Baronet English politician b 1642 February 4 Moshe ben Yonatan Galante Ottoman rabbi b 1621 February 5 William Coddington Jr Rhode Island colonial governor b 1651 February 6 Metcalfe Robinson English politician b 1629 February 8 Sir John Gell 2nd Baronet English politician b 1613 February 12 Marie Louise d Orleans Queen of Spain as the wife of King Charles II b 1662 February 13 Carlo Pio di Savoia Italian Catholic cardinal b 1622 February 18 Alexander Farnese Prince of Parma Spanish politician and military personnel b 1635 February 19 Khushal Khattak Afghan poet b 1613 February 21 Isaac Vossius Dutch classical scholar b 1618 February 22 Willem Ogier Flemish playwright b 1618 February 24 Elsa Elisabeth Brahe Swedish countess and duchess b 1632 February 28 Thomas Benedict American settler b 1617 March 7 Franz Johann von Vogt von Altensumerau und Prasberg Bishop of Constance b 1611 March 8 Alexander Parker British minister b 1628 March 9 Francois Adhemar de Monteil French priest Bishop of Saint Paul Trois Chateaux b 1603 March 10 Philip Louis Duke of Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Wiesenburg b 1620 March 11 Kim Ik hun Korean General and philosopher soldier politician b 1619 Sambhaji High Protector of the Maratha Empire b 1657 March 14 Anthony Coucheron Norwegian engineer b 1650 March 15 Yolo Qing dynasty prince b 1625 March 18 John Dixwell regicide b 1607 March 24 Thomas Ballard American politician b 1630 Michiel ten Hove Grand Pensionary of Holland b 1640 March 26 Gabriel Milan Governor of the Danish West Indies b 1631 March 29 Sir John Hotham 2nd Baronet Member of the House of Commons of England b 1632 March 30 Kazimierz Lyszczynski Polish philosopher b 1634 March 31 Tommaso Caracciolo Bishop of Gerace b 1640 April 4 Archduchess Maria Anna Josepha of Austria youngest surviving daughter of Ferdinand III b 1654 April 12 John Hunting first ruling elder of the church of Dedham Massachusetts b 1602 April 14 Lorenzo Onofrio Colonna Italian noble b 1637 April 16 Aphra Behn British playwright poet and spy b 1640 April 18 George Jeffreys 1st Baron Jeffreys Welsh judge aka the Hanging Judge b 1645 April 19 Christina Queen of Sweden ruled from 1632 until abdication in 1654 b 1626 April 22 Thomas Proby English politician b 1632 May 11 Charles Goodall English poet b 1671 May 12 Sir John Reresby 2nd Baronet English politician and diarist b 1634 May 15 Jean Paul Medaille French Jesuit missionary b 1618 May 20 Estevao Brioso de Figueiredo Roman Catholic prelate Bishop of Funchal of Olinda b 1630 May 23 Charles Erskine Earl of Mar Scottish noble b 1650 May 25 Charles Errard French painter b 1606 June 4 Rene Gaultier de Varennes New France governor b 1635 June 7 Alphonse de Berghes Roman Catholic archbishop b 1624 June 8 Decio Azzolino Italian Catholic cardinal b 1623 June 9 Francois Bonnemer French painter and engraver b 1638 June 10 Christophe Veyrier sculptor b 1637 June 13 William Annand Minister of the Church of Scotland and the Church of England b 1633 June 14 Conyers Darcy 1st Earl of Holderness English noble b 1598 June 17 Jan Baptist de Crepu Flemish painter and army officer b 1631 Marcin Zamoyski Polish noble b 1637 June 20 Willem Coucheron Dutch general in the Dano Norwegian army b 1600 Richard Sherlock English Anglican priest b 1612 June 21 Thomas Blanchet French painter b 1614 June 25 William Thomas Welsh Anglican bishop b 1613 June 27 Richard Waldron colonial settler acting President of the Province of New Hampshire b 1615 June 28 Thomas Mainwaring English politician b 1623 July 1 Anne Crawford Lindsay Scottish nobility b 1631 July 2 Edward Villiers 1st Duke of Buckingham b 1620 July 7 Princess Louise of Savoy Hereditary Princess of Baden Baden b 1627 July 8 Menahem Mendel Auerbach Austrian banker and rabbi b 1620 Edward Wooster English Connecticut pioneer b 1622 July 19 Song Si yeol Korean philosopher b 1607 July 23 Frederick Wilhelm von Pfalz Neuburg German noble b 1665 July 27 John Graham 1st Viscount Dundee Scottish general b 1648 August 6 Princess Dorothea Sophie of Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Glucksburg Electress of Brandenburg b 1636 August 9 Dionisio Lazzari Italian sculptor and architect b 1617 August 12 Pope Innocent XI pope of the Catholic Church b 1611 August 13 Count Maximilian I Prince of Hohenzollern Sigmaringen Count of Hohenzollern Sigmaringen b 1636 August 15 John Gregory Connecticut settler b 1612 August 17 William Boynton English politician b 1641 Thomas Street astronomer b 1621 August 20 Antonio Marinari Roman Catholic prelate Auxiliary Bishop of Ostia Velletri Titular Bishop of Thagaste b 1605 August 21 William Cleland Scottish poet and soldier b c 1661 August 28 Claude Jean Allouez French Jesuit missionary and explorer of North America b 1622 Alexander Coosemans Flemish still life painter b 1627 August 29 Curwen Rawlinson English politician b 1641 August 30 John Lake English bishop b 1624 September 6 Torii Tadanori Daimyo who ruled the Takatō Domain in Shinano Province b 1646 September 9 Jane Lane Lady Fisher English Royalist b 1626 September 10 John Belasyse 1st Baron Belasyse English politician and noble b 1614 September 13 Ciro Ferri Italian painter engraver sculptor and architect b 1634 September 15 Balthasar Cellarius German theologian b 1614 Timoleon Cheminais de Montaigu French theologian b 1652 September 18 Sir Richard Head 1st Baronet English politician b 1600 September 26 August Duke of Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Beck b 1652 September 30 Julius Francis Duke of Saxe Lauenburg Bohemian noble b 1641 October 1 Alexander Voet the Elder Flemish engraver b 1608 October 4 Quirinus Kuhlmann German Baroque poet and mystic b 1651 October 11 Fyodor Shaklovity Russian diplomat b 1640 October 13 George Ent English scientist and physician b 1604 October 14 Adolph John I Count Palatine of Kleeburg Swedish prince b 1629 October 15 Sir Edward Dering 3rd Baronet English politician b 1650 October 24 Stephan Farffler German inventor b 1633 October 25 Joseph Maynard English politician b 1639 October 30 Pier Antonio Capobianco Roman Catholic prelate Bishop of Lacedonia b 1619 November 9 Enea Silvio Piccolomini imperial general b 1651 November 12 Justus de Verwer Dutch painter and illustrator b 1625 November 13 Matteo Borboni Italian painter b 1610 Philipp von Zesen German poet b 1619 November 16 Cornelis Mahu Flemish painter b 1613 November 18 Jacob van der Ulft painter from the Northern Netherlands b 1621 November 19 Elizabeth Cavendish Countess of Devonshire English noblewoman b 1619 November 20 Samuel Peterson American city founder b 1639 November 24 Carey Dillon 5th Earl of Roscommon Irish nobleman and professional soldier b 1627 November 26 Marquard Gude German archaeologist b 1635 December 2 George Speke English politician b 1623 December 6 Pjeter Bogdani Albanian priest and writer b c 1630 December 12 Louis Ferdinand Elle the Elder French painter b 1612 December 15 Anne Neville abbess of Pontoise b 1605 December 16 Cornelis Geelvinck Dutch mayor b 1621 Thomas Wyndham English Member of Parliament b 1640 December 25 Oliver Montagu English Member of Parliament b 1655, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
