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Wikipedia

New Hampshire

January 16, 2023

This article is about the U.S. state. For other uses, see New Hampshire (disambiguation).

New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Gulf of Maine to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. Of the 50 U.S. states, New Hampshire is the fifth smallest by area and the tenth least populous, with slightly more than 1.3 million residents. Concord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city. New Hampshire's motto, "Live Free or Die", reflects its role in the American Revolutionary War; its nickname, "The Granite State", refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries.[11] It is well known nationwide for holding the first primary (after the Iowa caucus) in the U.S. presidential election cycle, and for its resulting influence on American electoral politics, leading the adage "As New Hampshire goes, so goes the nation".[12]

New Hampshire
State
State of New Hampshire
Flag
Seal
Nickname(s): 
The Granite State[1]
The White Mountain State[2]
Motto: 
"Live Free or Die"
Anthem: "Old New Hampshire"[3]
Map of the United States with New Hampshire highlighted
CountryUnited States
Before statehoodProvince of New Hampshire
Admitted to the UnionJune 21, 1788 (9th)
CapitalConcord
Largest cityManchester
Largest metro and urban areasGreater Boston (combined and metro)
Nashua (urban)
Government
 • GovernorChris Sununu (R)
 • Senate PresidentJeb Bradley (R)[note 1]
LegislatureGeneral Court
 • Upper houseSenate
 • Lower houseHouse of Representatives
JudiciaryNew Hampshire Supreme Court
U.S. senatorsJeanne Shaheen (D)
Maggie Hassan (D)
U.S. House delegation1: Chris Pappas (D)
2: Ann McLane Kuster (D) (list)
Area
 • Total9,349 sq mi (24,214[4] km2)
 • Rank46th
Dimensions
 • Length190 mi (305 km)
 • Width68 mi (110 km)
Elevation
1,000 ft (300 m)
Highest elevation
(Mount Washington[5][6][note 2][note 3])
6,288 ft (1,916.66 m)
Lowest elevation
(Atlantic Ocean[6])
0 ft (0 m)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total1,377,529
 • Rank41st
 • Density150/sq mi (57/km2)
  • Rank21st
 • Median household income
$73,381[7]
 • Income rank
8th
Demonym(s)Granite Stater
New Hampshirite
Language
 • Official languageEnglish[8]
(French allowed for official business with Quebec)[9]
Time zoneUTC−05:00 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−04:00 (EDT)
USPS abbreviation
NH
ISO 3166 codeUS-NH
Traditional abbreviationN.H.
Latitude42° 42′ N to 45° 18′ N
Longitude70° 36′ W to 72° 33′ W
Websitewww.nh.gov

New Hampshire was inhabited for thousands of years by Algonquian-speaking peoples such as the Abenaki. Europeans arrived in the early 17th century, with the English establishing some of the earliest non-indigenous settlements. The Province of New Hampshire was established in 1629, named after the English county of Hampshire.[13] Following mounting tensions between the British colonies and the crown during the 1760s, New Hampshire saw one of the earliest overt acts of rebellion, with the seizing of Fort William and Mary from the British in 1774. In January 1776, it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish an independent government and state constitution; six months later, it signed the United States Declaration of Independence and contributed troops, ships, and supplies in the war against Britain. In June 1788, it was the ninth state to ratify the U.S. Constitution, bringing that document into effect.

Through the mid-19th century, New Hampshire was an active center of abolitionism, and fielded close to 32,000 soldiers for the Union during the U.S. Civil War. After the war, the state saw rapid industrialization and population growth, becoming a center of textile manufacturing, shoemaking, and papermaking; the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company in Manchester was at one time the largest cotton textile plant in the world. The Merrimack and Connecticut rivers were lined with industrial mills, most of which employed workers from Canada and Europe; French Canadians formed the most significant influx of immigrants, and today roughly a quarter of all New Hampshire residents claim French American ancestry, second only to Maine.

Reflecting a nationwide trend, New Hampshire's industrial sector declined after the Second World War. Since 1950, its economy has heavily diversified to include financial and professional services, real estate, education, and transportation, with manufacturing still higher than the national average.[14] Beginning in the 1980s, its population surged as major highways connected it to the Greater Boston and led to more bedroom communities. In the 21st century, New Hampshire is among the wealthiest states in the U.S., with the seventh-highest median household income and some of the lowest rates of poverty, unemployment, and crime. It is one of only nine states without an income tax, and has no taxes on sales, capital gains, or inheritance; consequently, its overall tax burden is the lowest in the U.S. after Florida. New Hampshire ranks among the top ten states in metrics such as governance, healthcare, socioeconomic opportunity, and fiscal stability.[15][16]

With its mountainous and heavily forested terrain, New Hampshire has a growing tourism sector centered on outdoor recreation. It has some of the highest ski mountains on the East Coast and is a major destination for winter sports; Mount Monadnock is among the most climbed mountains in the U.S. Other activities include observing the fall foliage, summer cottages along many lakes and the seacoast, motorsports at the New Hampshire Motor Speedway, and Motorcycle Week, a popular motorcycle rally held in Weirs Beach in Laconia. The White Mountain National Forest links the Vermont and Maine portions of the Appalachian Trail, and has the Mount Washington Auto Road, where visitors may drive to the top of 6,288-foot (1,917 m) Mount Washington.

History

Main article: History of New Hampshire
 
The historical coat of arms of New Hampshire, from 1876

Various Algonquian-speaking Abenaki tribes, largely divided between the Androscoggin and Pennacook nations, inhabited the area before European settlement.[17] Despite the similar language, they had a very different culture and religion from other Algonquian peoples. English and French explorers visited New Hampshire in 1600–1605, and David Thompson settled at Odiorne's Point in present-day Rye in 1623. The first permanent settlement was at Hilton's Point (present-day Dover). By 1631, the Upper Plantation comprised modern-day Dover, Durham and Stratham; in 1679, it became the "Royal Province". Father Rale's War was fought between the colonists and the Wabanaki Confederacy throughout New Hampshire.

New Hampshire was one of the thirteen colonies that rebelled against British rule during the American Revolution. By the time of the American Revolution, New Hampshire was a divided province. The economic and social life of the Seacoast region revolved around sawmills, shipyards, merchants' warehouses, and established village and town centers. Wealthy merchants built substantial homes, furnished them with the finest luxuries, and invested their capital in trade and land speculation. At the other end of the social scale, there developed a permanent class of day laborers, mariners, indentured servants and even slaves.

 
Site of first house in New Hampshire, present mansion constructed in 1750, by Gov. W. B. Wentworth, New York Public Library

The only battle fought in New Hampshire was the raid on Fort William and Mary, December 14, 1774, in Portsmouth Harbor, which netted the rebellion sizable quantities of gunpowder, small arms, and cannon over the course of two nights. (General Sullivan, leader of the raid, described it as "remainder of the powder, the small arms, bayonets, and cartouche-boxes, together with the cannon and ordnance stores".) This raid was preceded by a warning to local patriots the previous day, by Paul Revere on December 13, 1774, that the fort was to be reinforced by troops sailing from Boston. According to unverified accounts, the gunpowder was later used at the Battle of Bunker Hill, transported there by Major Demerit, who was one of several New Hampshire patriots who stored the powder in their homes until it was transported elsewhere for use in revolutionary activities. During the raid, the British soldiers fired upon the rebels with cannon and muskets. Although there were apparently no casualties, these were among the first shots in the American Revolutionary period, occurring approximately five months before the Battles of Lexington and Concord. On January 5, 1776, New Hampshire became the first colony to declare independence from Great Britain, almost six months before the Declaration of Independence was signed by the Continental Congress.[18]

The United States Constitution was ratified by New Hampshire on June 21, 1788, when New Hampshire became the ninth state to do so.[19]

New Hampshire was a Jacksonian stronghold; the state sent Franklin Pierce to the White House in the election of 1852. Industrialization took the form of numerous textile mills, which in turn attracted large flows of immigrants from Quebec (the "French Canadians") and Ireland. The northern parts of the state produced lumber, and the mountains provided tourist attractions. After 1960, the textile industry collapsed, but the economy rebounded as a center of high technology and as a service provider.

Starting in 1952, New Hampshire gained national and international attention for its presidential primary held early in every presidential election year. It immediately became the most important testing ground for candidates for the Republican and Democratic nominations. The media gave New Hampshire and Iowa about half of all the attention paid to all states in the primary process, magnifying the state's decision powers and spurring repeated efforts by out-of-state politicians to change the rules.

Geography

Further information: List of counties in New Hampshire, List of mountains in New Hampshire, List of lakes in New Hampshire, List of rivers in New Hampshire, and Geology of New Hampshire
 
Map of New Hampshire, with roads, rivers, and major cities
 
Shaded relief map of New Hampshire
 
Mount Adams (5,774 ft or 1,760 m) is part of New Hampshire's Presidential Range.

New Hampshire is part of the six-state New England region of the Northeastern United States. It is bounded by Quebec, Canada, to the north and northwest; Maine and the Gulf of Maine to the east; Massachusetts to the south; and Vermont to the west. New Hampshire's major regions are the Great North Woods, the White Mountains, the Lakes Region, the Seacoast, the Merrimack Valley, the Monadnock Region, and the Dartmouth-Lake Sunapee area. New Hampshire has the shortest ocean coastline of any U.S. coastal state, with a length of 18 miles (29 km),[20] sometimes measured as only 13 miles (21 km).[21]

The White Mountains range in New Hampshire spans the north-central portion of the state. The range includes Mount Washington, the tallest in the northeastern U.S.—site of the second-highest wind speed ever recorded—[22] as well as Mount Adams and Mount Jefferson. With hurricane-force winds every third day on average, more than a hundred recorded deaths among visitors, and conspicuous krumholtz (dwarf, matted trees much like a carpet of bonsai trees), the climate on the upper reaches of Mount Washington has inspired the weather observatory on the peak to claim that the area has the "World's Worst Weather".[23] The White Mountains were home to the rock formation called the Old Man of the Mountain, a face-like profile in Franconia Notch, until the formation disintegrated in May 2003. Even after its loss, the Old Man remains an enduring symbol for the state, seen on state highway signs, automobile license plates, and many government and private entities around New Hampshire.

In the flatter southwest corner of New Hampshire, the landmark Mount Monadnock has given its name to a class of earth-forms—a monadnock—signifying, in geomorphology, any isolated resistant peak rising from a less resistant eroded plain.

Major rivers include the 110-mile (177 km) Merrimack River, which bisects the lower half of the state north–south before passing into Massachusetts and reaching the sea in Newburyport. Its tributaries include the Contoocook River, Pemigewasset River, and Winnipesaukee River. The 410-mile (660 km) Connecticut River, which starts at New Hampshire's Connecticut Lakes and flows south to Connecticut, defines the western border with Vermont. The state border is not in the center of that river, as is usually the case, but at the low-water mark on the Vermont side; meaning the entire river along the Vermont border (save for areas where the water level has been raised by a dam) lies within New Hampshire.[24] Only one town—Pittsburg—shares a land border with the state of Vermont. The "northwesternmost headwaters" of the Connecticut also define the part of Canada–U.S. border.

The Piscataqua River and its several tributaries form the state's only significant ocean port where they flow into the Atlantic at Portsmouth. The Salmon Falls River and the Piscataqua define the southern portion of the border with Maine. The Piscataqua River boundary was the subject of a border dispute between New Hampshire and Maine in 2001, with New Hampshire claiming dominion over several islands (primarily Seavey's Island) that include the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard. The U.S. Supreme Court dismissed the case in 2002, leaving ownership of the island with Maine. New Hampshire still claims sovereignty of the base, however.[25]

The largest of New Hampshire's lakes is Lake Winnipesaukee, which covers 71 square miles (184 km2) in the east-central part of New Hampshire. Umbagog Lake along the Maine border, approximately 12.3 square miles (31.9 km2), is a distant second. Squam Lake is the second largest lake entirely in New Hampshire.

New Hampshire has the shortest ocean coastline of any state in the United States, approximately 18 miles (29 km) long.[26] Hampton Beach is a popular local summer destination. About 7 miles (11 km) offshore are the Isles of Shoals, nine small islands (four of which are in New Hampshire) known as the site of a 19th-century art colony founded by poet Celia Thaxter, and the alleged location of one of the buried treasures of the pirate Blackbeard.

 
1922 map of New Hampshire published in the bulletin of the Brown Company in Berlin

It is the state with the highest percentage of timberland area in the country.[27] New Hampshire is in the temperate broadleaf and mixed forests biome. Much of the state, in particular the White Mountains, is covered by the conifers and northern hardwoods of the New England-Acadian forests. The southeast corner of the state and parts of the Connecticut River along the Vermont border are covered by the mixed oaks of the Northeastern coastal forests.[28] The state's numerous forests are popular among autumnal leaf peepers seeking the brilliant foliage of the numerous deciduous trees.

The northern third of the state is locally referred to as the "north country" or "north of the notches", in reference to the White Mountain passes that channel traffic. It contains less than 5% of the state's population, suffers relatively high poverty, and is steadily losing population as the logging and paper industries decline. However, the tourist industry, in particular visitors who go to northern New Hampshire to ski, snowboard, hike and mountain bike, has helped offset economic losses from mill closures.

By the 1950s, concern with protecting the environment became a factor, emerging as an active politicized movement by the 1970s. Activists defeated a proposal to build an oil refinery along the coast and one to widen an interstate highway through Franconia Notch.[29][30]

Winter season lengths are projected to decline at ski areas across New Hampshire due to the effects of climate change, which is likely to continue the historic contraction and consolidation of the ski industry and threaten individual ski businesses and communities that rely on ski tourism.[31]


Climate

 
Autumn leaves on many hardwood trees in New Hampshire turn colors, attracting many tourists

New Hampshire experiences a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfa in some southern areas, Dfb in most of the state, and Dfc subarctic in some northern highland areas), with warm, humid summers, and long, cold, and snowy winters. Precipitation is fairly evenly distributed all year. The climate of the southeastern portion is moderated by the Atlantic Ocean and averages relatively milder winters (for New Hampshire), while the northern and interior portions experience colder temperatures and lower humidity. Winters are cold and snowy throughout the state, and especially severe in the northern and mountainous areas. Average annual snowfall ranges from 60 inches (150 cm) to over 100 inches (250 cm) across the state.[32]

Average daytime highs are in the mid 70s°F to low 80s°F (24–28 °C) throughout the state in July, with overnight lows in the mid 50s°F to low 60s°F (13–15 °C). January temperatures range from an average high of 34 °F (1 °C) on the coast to overnight lows below 0 °F (−18 °C) in the far north and at high elevations. Average annual precipitation statewide is roughly 40 inches (100 cm) with some variation occurring in the White Mountains due to differences in elevation and annual snowfall. New Hampshire's highest recorded temperature was 106 °F (41 °C) in Nashua on July 4, 1911, while the lowest recorded temperature was −47 °F (−44 °C) atop Mount Washington on January 29, 1934. Mount Washington also saw an unofficial −50 °F (−46 °C) reading on January 22, 1885, which, if made official, would tie the record low for New England (also −50 °F (−46 °C) at Big Black River, Maine, on January 16, 2009, and Bloomfield, Vermont on December 30, 1933).

 
Köppen climate types of New Hampshire, using 1991-2020 climate normals.

Extreme snow is often associated with a nor'easter, such as the Blizzard of '78 and the Blizzard of 1993, when several feet accumulated across portions of the state over 24 to 48 hours. Lighter snowfalls of several inches occur frequently throughout winter, often associated with an Alberta Clipper.

New Hampshire, on occasion, is affected by hurricanes and tropical storms—although, by the time they reach the state, they are often extratropical—with most storms striking the southern New England coastline and moving inland or passing by offshore in the Gulf of Maine. Most of New Hampshire averages fewer than 20 days of thunderstorms per year and an average of two tornadoes occur annually statewide.[33]

The National Arbor Day Foundation plant hardiness zone map depicts zones 3, 4, 5, and 6 occurring throughout the state[34] and indicates the transition from a relatively cooler to warmer climate as one travels southward across New Hampshire. The 1990 USDA plant hardiness zones for New Hampshire range from zone 3b in the north to zone 5b in the south.[35]

Average daily maximum and minimum temperatures for selected cities in New Hampshire[36]
Location July (°F) July (°C) January (°F) January (°C)
Manchester 82/64 28/17 33/15 0/−9
Nashua 82/59 28/15 33/12 0/−11
Concord 82/57 28/14 30/10  −1/−12
Portsmouth 79/61 26/16 32/16 0/−9
Keene 82/56 28/13 31/9  −1/−12
Laconia 81/60 27/16 30/11  −1/−11
Lebanon 82/58 28/14 30/8 −1/−13
Berlin 78/55 26/13 27/5 –3/–15

Metropolitan areas

For a more comprehensive list, see List of cities and towns in New Hampshire.
 
Downtown Manchester
 
Main Street, Nashua

Metropolitan areas in the New England region are defined by the U.S. Census Bureau as New England City and Town Areas (NECTAs). The following is a list of NECTAs fully or partially in New Hampshire:[37][38]

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
1790141,885—
1800183,85829.6%
1810214,46016.6%
1820244,15513.8%
1830269,32810.3%
1840284,5745.7%
1850317,97611.7%
1860326,0732.5%
1870318,300−2.4%
1880346,9919.0%
1890376,5308.5%
1900411,5889.3%
1910430,5724.6%
1920443,0832.9%
1930465,2935.0%
1940491,5245.6%
1950533,2428.5%
1960606,92113.8%
1970737,68121.5%
1980920,61024.8%
19901,109,25220.5%
20001,235,78611.4%
20101,316,4706.5%
20201,377,5294.6%
2022 (est.)1,395,2311.3%
Source: 1910–2020[39]

Population

 

As of the 2020 census, the resident population of New Hampshire was 1,377,529,[39] a 4.6% increase since the 2010 United States Census. The center of population of New Hampshire is in Merrimack County, in the town of Pembroke.[40] The center of population has moved south 12 miles (19 km) since 1950,[41] a reflection of the fact that the state's fastest growth has been along its southern border, which is within commuting range of Boston and other Massachusetts cities.

The most densely populated areas generally lie within 50 miles (80 km) of the Massachusetts border, and are concentrated in two areas: along the Merrimack River Valley running from Concord to Nashua, and in the Seacoast Region along an axis stretching from Rochester to Portsmouth. Outside of those two regions, only one community, the city of Keene, has a population of over 20,000. The four counties covering these two areas account for 72% of the state population, and one (Hillsborough) has nearly 30% of the state population, as well as the two most populous communities, Manchester and Nashua. The northern portion of the state is very sparsely populated: the largest county by area, Coos, covers the northern one-fourth of the state and has only around 31,000 people, about a third of whom live in a single community (Berlin). The trends over the past several decades have been for the population to shift southward, as many northern communities lack the economic base to maintain their populations, while southern communities have been absorbed by the Greater Boston metropolis.

 
Largest reported ancestry groups in New Hampshire by town as of 2013. Dark purple indicates Irish, light purple English, pink French, turquoise French Canadian, dark blue Italian, and light blue German. Gray indicates townships with no reported data.

As of the 2010 census, the population of New Hampshire was 1,316,470. The gender makeup of the state at that time was 49.3% male and 50.7% female. 21.8% of the population were under the age of 18; 64.6% were between the ages of 18 and 64; and 13.5% were 65 years of age or older.[42] Additionally, about 57.3% of the population was born out of state.[43]

New Hampshire racial composition of population
Racial composition 1990[44] 2000[45] 2010[42] 2019[46]
White 98.0% 96.0% 93.9% 89.8%
Black or African American 0.6% 0.7% 1.1% 1.8%
American Indian and Alaska Native 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.3%
Asian 0.8% 1.3% 2.2% 3.0%
Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander – – 0.0% < 0.1%
Other race 0.3% 0.6% 0.9%
Two or more races – 1.1% 1.6% 1.8%
Hispanic or Latino 4.0%

Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.8% of the population in 2010: 0.6% were of Mexican, 0.9% Puerto Rican, 0.1% Cuban, and 1.2% other Hispanic or Latino origin. As of 2019, the Hispanic or Latino population was estimated at 4.0%.[46]

According to the 2012–2017 American Community Survey, the largest ancestry groups in the state were Irish (20.6%), English (16.5%), French (14.0%), Italian (10.4%), German (9.1%), French Canadian (8.9%), and American (4.8%).[47]

New Hampshire has the highest percentage (22.9%) of residents with French/French-Canadian/Acadian ancestry of any U.S. state.[48]

According to the Census Bureau's American Community Survey estimates from 2017, 2.1% of the population aged 5 and older speak Spanish at home, while 1.8% speak French.[49] In Coos County, 9.6% of the population speaks French at home,[50] down from 16% in 2000.[51]

Estimated demographics of the top five municipalities by population[46]
Manchester Nashua Concord Derry Dover
Population, Census (2010) 109,565 86,494 42,695 33,109 29,987
Population estimates (July 1, 2019) 112,673 89,355 43,627 33,485 32,191
Population change (April 1, 2010, to July 1, 2019) 2.8% 3.3% 2.2% 1.1% 7.4%
Age and sex
Persons under 5 years 6.0% 5.3% 4.8% 4.9% 6.4%
Persons under 18 years 19.5% 19.5% 18.4% 21.2% 19.1%
Persons 65 years and over 13.2% 15.7% 16.4% 12.1% 16.0%
Female persons 49.6% 50.7% 49.7% 50.2% 52.5%
Race and ethnicity
White 84.8% 82.6% 88.1% 94.7% 91.4%
Non-Hispanic White 76.9% 73.2% 86.1% 92.5% 88.1%
Hispanic or Latino alone 10.4% 12.7% 3.0% 4.2% 3.7%
Black or African American 6.1% 4.1% 3.5% 0.8% 1.3%
American Indian and Alaska Native 0.1% 0.1% 0.6% 0.1% 0.1%
Asian 5.1% 8.4% 4.7% 1.2% 4.1%
Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander - - - - -
Two or more races 3.0% 3.2% 2.3% 1.7% 3.0%
Population characteristics
Veterans (2015-2019) 6,352 5,575 2,945 2,290 2,061
Foreign-born persons (2015-2019) 14.5% 15.7% 9.5% 4.6% 7.2%

Birth data

Note: Percentages in the table do not add up to 100, because Hispanics are counted both by their ethnicity and by their race, giving a higher overall number.

Live Births by Single Race/Ethnicity of Mother
Race 2013[52] 2014[53] 2015[54] 2016[55] 2017[56] 2018[57] 2019[58] 2020[59]
White: 11,570 (93.3%) 11,494 (93.4%) 11,600 (93.3%) ... ... ... ... ...
> Non-Hispanic White 11,064 (89.2%) 10,917 (88.7%) 10,928 (87.9%) 10,641 (86.7%) 10,524 (86.9%) 10,317 (86.0%) 10,079 (85.1%) 10,075 (85.4%)
Asian 485 (3.9%) 528 (4.3%) 527 (4.2%) 504 (4.1%) 479 (4.0%) 472 (3.9%) 508 (4.3%) 428 (3.6%)
Black 316 (2.5%) 259 (2.1%) 280 (2.3%) 208 (1.7%) 234 (1.9%) 241 (2.0%) 255 (2.2%) 256 (2.2%)
American Indian 25 (0.2%) 21 (0.2%) 26 (0.2%) 8 (0.0%) 26 (0.2%) 13 (0.1%) 18 (0.2%) 10 (0.1%)
Hispanic (of any race) 513 (4.1%) 591 (4.8%) 638 (5.1%) 697 (5.7%) 673 (5.6%) 745 (6.2%) 771 (6.5%) 797 (6.7%)
Total New Hampshire 12,396 (100%) 12,302 (100%) 12,433 (100%) 12,267 (100%) 12,116 (100%) 11,995 (100%) 11,839 (100%) 11,791 (100%)
  • Since 2016, data for births of White Hispanic origin are not collected, but included in one Hispanic group; persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.

Religion

Religion in New Hampshire (2020)[60]
Affiliation Percent
Protestant
 
 39%
Catholic
 
 24%
Unaffiliated
 
 25%
Other Christian
 
 1%
Jewish
 
 3%
Hindu
 
 1%
Other religion
 
 0%

A Pew survey in 2014 showed that the religious affiliations of the people of New Hampshire was as follows: nonreligious 36%, Protestant 30%, Catholic 26%, Jehovah's Witness 2%, LDS (Mormon) 1%, and Jewish 1%.[61]

A survey suggests people in New Hampshire and Vermont[note 4] are less likely than other Americans to attend weekly services and only 54% say they are "absolutely certain there is a God" compared to 71% in the rest of the nation.[note 5][62] New Hampshire and Vermont are also at the lowest levels among states in religious commitment. In 2012, 23% of New Hampshire residents in a Gallup poll considered themselves "very religious", while 52% considered themselves "non-religious".[63] According to the Association of Religion Data Archives (ARDA) in 2010, the largest denominations were the Catholic Church with 311,028 members; the United Church of Christ with 26,321 members; and the United Methodist Church with 18,029 members.[64]

In 2016, a Gallup Poll found that New Hampshire was the least religious state in the United States. Only 20% of respondents in New Hampshire categorized themselves as "very religious", while the nationwide average was 40%.[65]

According to the 2020 Public Religion Research Institute study, 64% of the population was Christian, dominated by Roman Catholicism and evangelical Protestantism.[66] In contrast with varying studies of estimated irreligiosity, the Public Religion Research Institute reported that irreligion declined from 36% at the separate 2014 Pew survey to 25% of the population in 2020.

Economy

Further information: New Hampshire locations by per capita income and List of power stations in New Hampshire
  • Total employment (2016): 594,243
  • Number of employer establishments: 37,868[67]

The Bureau of Economic Analysis estimates that New Hampshire's total state product in 2018 was $86 billion, ranking 40th in the United States.[68] Median household income in 2017 was $74,801, the fourth highest in the country (including Washington, DC).[69] Its agricultural outputs are dairy products, nursery stock, cattle, apples and eggs. Its industrial outputs are machinery, electric equipment, rubber and plastic products, and tourism is a major component of the economy.[70]

New Hampshire experienced a major shift in its economic base during the 20th century. Historically, the base was composed of traditional New England textiles, shoemaking, and small machine shops, drawing upon low-wage labor from nearby small farms and parts of Quebec. Today, of the state's total manufacturing dollar value, these sectors contribute only two percent for textiles, two percent for leather goods, and nine percent for machining.[71] They experienced a sharp decline due to obsolete plants and the lure of cheaper wages in the Southern United States.

New Hampshire today has a broad-based and growing economy, with a state GDP growth rate of 2.2% in 2018.[68] The state's largest economic sectors in 2018, based on contribution to GDP, are: 15% real estate and rental and leasing; 13% professional business services; 12% manufacturing; 10% government and government services; and 9% health care and social services.[72]

The state's budget in FY2018 was $5.97 billion, including $1.79 billion in federal funds.[73] The issue of taxation is controversial in New Hampshire, which has a property tax (subject to municipal control) but no broad sales tax or income tax. The state does have narrower taxes on meals, lodging, vehicles, business and investment income, and tolls on state roads.

According to the Energy Information Administration, New Hampshire's energy consumption and per capita energy consumption are among the lowest in the country. The Seabrook Station Nuclear Power Plant, near Portsmouth, is the largest nuclear reactor in New England and provided 57% of New Hampshire's electricity generation and 27% of its electricity consumption in 2017. In 2016 and 2017, New Hampshire obtained more of its electricity generation from wind power than from coal-fired power plants. Approximately 32% of New Hampshire's electricity consumption came from renewable resources (including nuclear, hydroelectric, wind, and other renewable resources). New Hampshire was a net exporter of electricity, exporting 63 trillion British thermal units (18 TWh).[74]

New Hampshire's residential electricity use is low compared with the national average, in part because demand for air conditioning is low during the generally mild summer months and because few households use electricity as their primary energy source for home heating. Nearly half of New Hampshire households use fuel oil for winter heating, which is one of the largest shares in the United States. New Hampshire has potential for renewable energies like wind power, hydroelectricity, and wood fuel.[74]

The state has no general sales tax and no personal state income tax (the state currently does tax, at a five percent rate, income from dividends and interest, but this tax is set to expire in 2027.[75])

New Hampshire's lack of a broad-based tax system has resulted in the state's local jurisdictions having the 8th-highest property taxes as of a 2019 ranking by the Tax Foundation.[76] However, the state's overall tax burden is relatively low; in 2010 New Hampshire ranked 8th-lowest among states in combined average state and local tax burden.[77]

The (preliminary) seasonally unemployment rate in April 2019 was 2.4% based on a 767,500 person civilian workforce with 749,000 people in employment. New Hampshire's workforce is 90% in nonfarm employment, with 18% employed in trade, transportation, and utilities; 17% in education and health care; 12% in government; 11% in professional and business services; and 10% in leisure and hospitality.[78]

Largest employers

In March 2018, 86% of New Hampshire's workforce were employed by the private sector, with 53% of those workers being employed by firms with fewer than 100 employees. About 14% of private-sector employees are employed by firms with more than 1,000 employees.[79]

According to community surveys by the Economic & Labor Market Information Bureau of NH Employment Security, the following are the largest private employers in the state:[80]

New Hampshire's state government employs approximately 6,100 people. Additionally, the U.S. Department of State employs approximately 1,600 people at the National Visa Center in Portsmouth, which processes United States immigrant visa petitions.[80]

Law and government

Main article: Government of New Hampshire

The governor of New Hampshire, since January 5, 2017, is Chris Sununu (Republican). New Hampshire's two U.S. senators are Jeanne Shaheen and Maggie Hassan (both Democrats), both of whom are former governors. New Hampshire's two U.S. representatives as of January 2019 are Chris Pappas and Ann McLane Kuster (both Democrats).

New Hampshire is an alcoholic beverage control state, and through the State Liquor Commission takes in $100 million from the sale and distribution of liquor.[81]

New Hampshire is the only state in the U.S. that does not require adults to wear seat belts in their vehicles. It is one of three states that have no mandatory helmet law.


Governing documents

Main article: Law of New Hampshire

The New Hampshire State Constitution of 1783 is the supreme law of the state, followed by the New Hampshire Revised Statutes Annotated and the New Hampshire Code of Administrative Rules. These are roughly analogous to the federal United States Constitution, United States Code and Code of Federal Regulations respectively.

Branches of government

New Hampshire has a bifurcated executive branch, consisting of the governor and a five-member executive council which votes on state contracts worth more than $5,000 and "advises and consents" to the governor's nominations to major state positions such as department heads and all judgeships and pardon requests. New Hampshire does not have a lieutenant governor; the Senate president serves as "acting governor" whenever the governor is unable to perform the duties.

The legislature is called the General Court. It consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate. There are 400 representatives, making it one of the largest elected bodies in the English-speaking world,[82] and 24 senators. Legislators are paid a nominal salary of $200 per two-year term plus travel costs, the lowest in the U.S. by far. Thus most are effectively volunteers, nearly half of whom are retirees.[83] (For details, see the article on Government of New Hampshire.)

The state's sole appellate court is the New Hampshire Supreme Court. The Superior Court is the court of general jurisdiction and the only court which provides for jury trials in civil or criminal cases. The other state courts are the Probate Court, District Court, and the Family Division.

Local government

New Hampshire has 10 counties and 234 cities and towns.

New Hampshire is a "Dillon Rule" state, meaning the state retains all powers not specifically granted to municipalities. Even so, the legislature strongly favors local control, particularly concerning land use regulations. New Hampshire municipalities are classified as towns or cities, which differ primarily by the form of government. Most towns generally operate on the town meeting form of government, where the registered voters in the town act as the town legislature, and a board of selectmen acts as the executive of the town. Larger towns and the state's thirteen cities operate either on a council–manager or council–mayor form of government. There is no difference, from the state government's point of view, between towns and cities besides the form of government. All state-level statutes treat all municipalities identically.

New Hampshire has a small number of unincorporated areas that are titled as grants, locations, purchases, or townships. These locations have limited to no self-government, and services are generally provided for them by neighboring towns or the county or state where needed. As of the 2000 census, there were 25 of these left in New Hampshire, accounting for a total population of 173 people (as of 2000); several were entirely depopulated. All but two of these unincorporated areas are in Coos County.

Politics

Main article: Politics of New Hampshire

New Hampshire is socially liberal like the rest of New England, and is the least religious state in the Union as of a 2016 Gallup poll.[65] Yet the Live Free or Die state has also long had a great disdain for state taxation and state bureaucracy.[84][85] As of 2021, New Hampshire has a Republican Governor (Chris Sununu), a Republican New Hampshire Senate and a Republican New Hampshire House of Representatives, and is one of nine states (the only one of the American Northeast) to have no general state income tax imposed on individuals.

The Democratic Party and the Republican Party, in that order, are the two largest parties in the state. A plurality of voters are registered as undeclared, and can choose either ballot in the primary and then regain their undeclared status after voting.[86] The Libertarian Party had official party status from 1990 to 1996 and from 2016 to 2018. A movement known as the Free State Project suggests libertarians move to the state to concentrate their power. As of February 1, 2022, there were 869,339 registered voters, of whom 327,365 (37.66%) did not declare a political party affiliation, 276,206 (31.77%) were Democratic, and 265,768 (30.57%) were Republican.[87]

New Hampshire primary

 
Saint Anselm College has held several national debates on campus.

New Hampshire is internationally known for the New Hampshire primary, the first primary in the quadrennial American presidential election cycle. State law requires that the Secretary of State schedule this election at least one week before any "similar event". While the Iowa caucus precedes the New Hampshire primary, the New Hampshire election is the nation's first contest that uses the same procedure as the general election, draws more attention than those in other states, and has been decisive in shaping the national contest.

State law permits a town with fewer than 100 residents to open its polls at midnight and close when all registered citizens have cast their ballots. As such, the communities of Dixville Notch in Coos County and Hart's Location in Carroll County, among others, have chosen to implement these provisions. Dixville Notch and Hart's Location are traditionally the first places in both New Hampshire and the U.S. to vote in presidential primaries and elections.

Nominations for all other partisan offices are decided in a separate primary election. In Presidential election cycles, this is the second primary election held in New Hampshire.

Saint Anselm College in Goffstown has become a popular campaign spot for politicians as well as several national presidential debates because of its proximity to Manchester-Boston Regional Airport.[88][89][90]

Elections

Main article: Elections in New Hampshire
Further information: United States presidential elections in New Hampshire
 
Dartmouth College before a debate in 2008

In the past, New Hampshire has often voted Republican. Between 1856 and 1988, New Hampshire cast its electoral votes for the Democratic presidential ticket six times: Woodrow Wilson (twice), Franklin D. Roosevelt (three times), and Lyndon B. Johnson (once).

Beginning in 1992, New Hampshire became a swing state in national and local elections, and in that time has supported Democrats in all presidential elections except 2000. It was the only state in the country to switch from supporting Republican George W. Bush in the 2000 election to supporting his Democratic challenger in the 2004 election, when John Kerry, a senator from neighboring Massachusetts, won the state.

The Democrats dominated elections in New Hampshire in 2006 and 2008. In 2006, Democrats won both congressional seats (electing Carol Shea-Porter in the first district and Paul Hodes in the second), re-elected Governor John Lynch, and gained a majority on the Executive Council and in both houses for the first time since 1911. Democrats had not held both the legislature and the governorship since 1874.[91] Neither U.S. Senate seat was up for a vote in 2006. In 2008, Democrats retained their majorities, governorship, and Congressional seats; and former governor Jeanne Shaheen defeated incumbent Republican John E. Sununu for the U.S. Senate in a rematch of the 2002 contest.

The 2008 elections resulted in women holding a majority, 13 of the 24 seats, in the New Hampshire Senate, a first for any legislative body in the United States.[92]

In the 2010 midterm elections, Republicans made historic gains in New Hampshire, capturing veto-proof majorities in the state legislature, taking all five seats in the Executive Council, electing a new U.S. senator, Kelly Ayotte, winning both U.S. House seats, and reducing the margin of victory of incumbent Governor John Lynch compared to his 2006 and 2008 landslide wins.

In the 2012 state legislative elections, Democrats took back the New Hampshire House of Representatives and narrowed the Republican majority in the New Hampshire Senate to 13–11.[93] In 2012, New Hampshire became the first state in U.S. history to elect an all-female federal delegation: Democratic Congresswomen Carol Shea-Porter of Congressional District 1 and Ann McLane Kuster of Congressional District 2 accompanied U.S. Senators Jeanne Shaheen and Kelly Ayotte in 2013. Further, the state elected its second female governor: Democrat Maggie Hassan.

In the 2014 elections, Republicans retook the New Hampshire House of Representatives with a 239–160 majority and expanded their majority in the New Hampshire Senate to 14 of the Senate's 24 seats. On the national level, incumbent Democratic Senator Jeanne Shaheen defeated her Republican challenger, former Massachusetts senator Scott Brown. New Hampshire also elected Frank Guinta (R) for its First Congressional District representative and Ann Kuster (D) for its Second Congressional District representative.

In the 2016 elections, Republicans held the New Hampshire House of Representatives with a majority of 220–175 and held onto their 14 seats in the New Hampshire Senate. In the gubernatorial race, retiring Governor Maggie Hassan was succeeded by Republican Chris Sununu, who defeated Democratic nominee Colin Van Ostern. Sununu became the state's first Republican governor since Craig Benson, who left office in 2005 following defeat by John Lynch. Republicans control the governor's office and both chambers of the state legislature, a governing trifecta in which the Republicans have full governing power.[94] In the presidential race, the state voted for the Democratic nominee, former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton over the Republican nominee, Donald Trump, by a margin of 2,736 votes, or 0.3%, one of the closest results the state has ever seen in a presidential race, while Libertarian nominee Gary Johnson received 4.12% of the vote. The Democrats also won a competitive race in the Second Congressional District, as well as a competitive senate race. New Hampshire's congressional delegation currently consists of exclusively Democrats. In the 116th United States Congress, it is one of only seven states with an entirely Democratic delegation, five of which are in New England (the others are Delaware and Hawaii).

Free State Project

The Free State Project (FSP) is a movement founded in 2001 to recruit at least 20,000 libertarians to move to a single low-population state (New Hampshire, was selected in 2003), to concentrate libertarian activism around a single region.[95] The Free State Project emphasizes decentralized decision-making, encouraging new movers and prior residents of New Hampshire to participate in a way the individual mover deems most appropriate. For example, as of 2017, there were 17 so-called Free Staters elected to the New Hampshire House of Representatives,[96] and in 2021, the New Hampshire Liberty Alliance, which ranks bills and elected representatives based on their adherence to what they see as libertarian principles, scored 150 representatives as "A-" or above rated representatives.[97] Participants also engage with other like-minded activist groups such as Rebuild New Hampshire, [98] Young Americans for Liberty,[99] and Americans for Prosperity. [100] As of April 2022, approximately 6,232 participants have moved to New Hampshire for the Free State Project.[101]

Transportation

Highways

Main article: New Hampshire Highway System

New Hampshire has a well-maintained, well-signed network of Interstate highways, U.S. highways, and state highways. State highway markers still depict the Old Man of the Mountain despite that rock formation's demise in 2003. Several route numbers align with the same route numbers in neighboring states. State highway numbering is arbitrary, with no overall system as with U.S. and Interstate systems. Major routes include:

  •   Interstate 89 runs northwest from near Concord to Lebanon on the Vermont border.
  •   Interstate 93 is the main Interstate highway in New Hampshire and runs north from Salem (on the Massachusetts border) to Littleton (on the Vermont border). I-93 connects the more densely populated southern part of the state to the Lakes Region and the White Mountains further to the north.
  •   Interstate 95 runs north–south briefly along New Hampshire's seacoast to serve the city of Portsmouth, before entering Maine
  •   U.S. Route 1 runs north–south briefly along New Hampshire's seacoast to the east of and paralleling I-95.
  •   U.S. Route 2 runs east–west through Coos County from Maine, intersecting Route 16, skirting the White Mountain National Forest passing through Jefferson and into Vermont.
  •   U.S. Route 3 is the longest numbered route in the state, and the only one to run completely through the state from the Massachusetts border to the Canada–U.S. border. It generally parallels Interstate 93. South of Manchester, it takes a more westerly route through Nashua. North of Franconia Notch, U.S. 3 takes a more easterly route, before terminating at the Canada–U.S. border.
  •   U.S. Route 4 terminates at the Portsmouth Traffic Circle and runs east–west across the southern part of the state connecting Durham, Concord, Boscawen, and Lebanon.
  •   New Hampshire Route 16 is a major north–south highway in the eastern part of the state that generally parallels the border with Maine, eventually entering Maine as Maine Route 16. The southernmost portion of NH 16 is a four-lane freeway, co-signed with U.S. Route 4.
  •   New Hampshire Route 101 is a major east–west highway in the southern part of the state that connects Keene with Manchester and the Seacoast region. East of Manchester, NH 101 is a four-lane, limited-access highway that runs to Hampton Beach and I-95.

Air

For a more comprehensive list, see List of airports in New Hampshire.

New Hampshire has 25 public-use airports, three with some scheduled commercial passenger service. The busiest airport by number of passengers handled is Manchester-Boston Regional Airport in Manchester and Londonderry, which serves the Greater Boston metropolitan area.

Public transportation

Long-distance intercity passenger rail service is provided by Amtrak's Vermonter and Downeaster lines.

Greyhound, Concord Coach, Vermont Translines, and Dartmouth Coach all provide intercity bus connections to and from points in New Hampshire and to long-distance points beyond and in between.

As of 2013, Boston-centered MBTA Commuter Rail services reach only as far as northern Massachusetts. The New Hampshire Rail Transit Authority is working to extend "Capital Corridor" service from Lowell, Massachusetts, to Nashua, Concord, and Manchester, including Manchester-Boston Regional Airport; and "Coastal Corridor" service from Haverhill, Massachusetts, to Plaistow, New Hampshire.[102][103] Legislation in 2007 created the New Hampshire Rail Transit Authority (NHRTA) with the goal of overseeing the development of commuter rail in the state of New Hampshire. In 2011, Governor John Lynch vetoed HB 218, a bill passed by Republican lawmakers, which would have drastically curtailed the powers and responsibilities of NHRTA.[104][105] The I-93 Corridor transit study suggested a rail alternative along the Manchester and Lawrence branch line which could provide freight and passenger service.[106] This rail corridor would also have access to Manchester-Boston Regional Airport.

Eleven public transit authorities operate local and regional bus services around the state, and eight private carriers operate express bus services which link with the national intercity bus network.[107] The New Hampshire Department of Transportation operates a statewide ride-sharing match service, in addition to independent ride matching and guaranteed ride home programs.[107]

Tourist railroads include the Conway Scenic Railroad, Hobo-Winnipesaukee Railroad, and the Mount Washington Cog Railway.

Freight railways

For a more comprehensive list, see List of New Hampshire railroads.

Freight railways in New Hampshire include Claremont & Concord Railroad (CCRR), Pan Am Railways via subsidiary Springfield Terminal Railway (ST), the New England Central Railroad (NHCR), the St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railroad (SLR), and New Hampshire Northcoast Corporation (NHN).

Education

 
Thompson Hall, at UNH, was built in 1892.

High schools

For a more comprehensive list, see List of high schools in New Hampshire.

The first public high schools in the state were the Boys' High School and the Girls' High School of Portsmouth, established either in 1827 or 1830, depending on the source.[108][109][110]

New Hampshire has more than 80 public high schools, many of which serve more than one town. The largest is Pinkerton Academy in Derry, which is owned by a private non-profit organization and serves as the public high school of several neighboring towns. There are at least 30 private high schools in the state.

New Hampshire is also the home of several prestigious university-preparatory schools, such as Phillips Exeter Academy, St. Paul's School, Proctor Academy, Brewster Academy, and Kimball Union Academy.

In 2008, the state tied with Massachusetts as having the highest scores on the SAT and ACT standardized tests given to high school students.[111]

Colleges and universities

For a more comprehensive list, see List of colleges and universities in New Hampshire.

Media

Daily newspapers

For a more comprehensive list, see List of newspapers in New Hampshire.

Other publications

  • The Liberty Block

Radio stations

For a more comprehensive list, see List of radio stations in New Hampshire.

Television stations

For a more comprehensive list, see List of television stations in New Hampshire.

Sports

The following sports teams are based in New Hampshire:

Club Sport Venue League Level notes
Amoskeag Rugby Club Rugby union Northeast Athletic Club, Pembroke New England Rugby Football Union Amateur
Nashua Silver Knights Baseball Holman Stadium, Nashua Futures Collegiate Baseball League Collegiate summer baseball
New Hampshire Fisher Cats Baseball Delta Dental Stadium, Manchester Double-A Eastern League Professional Double-A affiliate of the Toronto Blue Jays
New Hampshire Wild Baseball Doane Diamond, Concord Empire Professional Baseball League Professional Independent minor league
Northeast Ruckus American football Nor Rock Field Womans Football Alliance Professional Based in Windham, plays home games in nearby Raymond, New Hampshire
Seacoast United Phantoms Soccer New England Sports Park USL League Two Semi-professional Based in Portsmouth, plays home games in nearby Hampton, New Hampshire

The New Hampshire Motor Speedway in Loudon is an oval track and road course that has been visited by national motorsport championship series such as the NASCAR Cup Series, the NASCAR Xfinity Series, the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series, NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour, American Canadian Tour (ACT), the Champ Car and the IndyCar Series. Other motor racing venues include Star Speedway and New England Dragway in Epping, Lee USA Speedway in Lee, Twin State Speedway in Claremont, Monadnock Speedway in Winchester and Canaan Fair Speedway in Canaan.

New Hampshire has two universities competing at the NCAA Division I in all collegiate sports: the Dartmouth Big Green (Ivy League) and the New Hampshire Wildcats (America East Conference), as well as three NCAA Division II teams: Franklin Pierce Ravens, Saint Anselm Hawks, and Southern New Hampshire Penmen (Northeast-10 Conference). Most other schools compete in NCAA Division III or the NAIA.

Annually since 2002, high-school statewide all-stars compete against Vermont in 10 sports during "Twin State" playoffs.[116]

Culture

In the spring, New Hampshire's many sap houses hold sugaring-off open houses. In summer and early autumn, New Hampshire is home to many county fairs, the largest being the Hopkinton State Fair, in Contoocook. New Hampshire's Lakes Region is home to many summer camps, especially around Lake Winnipesaukee, and is a popular tourist destination. The Peterborough Players have performed every summer in Peterborough since 1933. The Barnstormers Theatre in Tamworth, founded in 1931, is one of the longest-running professional summer theaters in the United States.[117]

In September, New Hampshire is host to the New Hampshire Highland Games. New Hampshire has also registered an official tartan with the proper authorities in Scotland, used to make kilts worn by the Lincoln Police Department while its officers serve during the games. The fall foliage peaks in mid-October. In the winter, New Hampshire's ski areas and snowmobile trails attract visitors from a wide area.[118] After the lakes freeze over they become dotted with ice fishing ice houses, known locally as bobhouses.

Funspot, the world's largest video arcade[119][120] (now termed a museum), is in Laconia.

In fiction

Theater

  • The fictional New Hampshire town of Grover's Corners serves as the setting of the Thornton Wilder play Our Town. Grover's Corners is based, in part, on the real town of Peterborough. Several local landmarks and nearby towns are mentioned in the text of the play, and Wilder himself spent some time in Peterborough at the MacDowell Colony, writing at least some of the play while in residence there.[121]

Comics

  • Al Capp, creator of the comic strip Li'l Abner, used to joke that Dogpatch, the setting for the strip, was based on Seabrook, where he would vacation with his wife.[122]

Television

Notable people

For a more comprehensive list, see List of people from New Hampshire.

Prominent individuals from New Hampshire include 14th President of the United States Franklin Pierce, founding father Nicholas Gilman, Senator Daniel Webster, Revolutionary War hero John Stark, editor Horace Greeley, founder of the Christian Science religion Mary Baker Eddy, poet Robert Frost, astronaut Alan Shepard, rock musician Ronnie James Dio, author Dan Brown, actor Adam Sandler, inventor Dean Kamen, comedians Sarah Silverman and Seth Meyers, restaurateurs Richard and Maurice McDonald, and WWE wrestler Triple H, aka Paul Michael Levesque.

New Hampshire firsts

  • On January 5, 1776, at Exeter, the Provincial Congress of New Hampshire ratified the first independent constitution in the Americas, free of British rule.[125]
  • On June 12, 1800, Fernald's Island in the Piscataqua River became the first government-sanctioned U.S. Navy shipyard.
  • Started in 1822, Dublin's Juvenile Library was the first free public library.
  • In 1828, the first women's strike in the nation took place at Dover's Cocheco Mills.
  • Founded in 1833, the Peterborough Town Library was the first public library, supported with public funds, in the world.[126]
  • On August 3, 1852, Center Harbor was the site of the first intercollegiate athletic event. Harvard defeated Yale in a 2-mile (3.2 km) rowing race on Lake Winnipesaukee, the first meeting in a rivalry that continues to this day.
  • Finished on June 27, 1874, the first trans-Atlantic telecommunications cable between Europe and America stretched from Balinskelligs Bay, Ireland, to Rye, New Hampshire.
  • On February 6, 1901, a group of nine conservationists founded the Society for the Protection of New Hampshire Forests, the first forest-conservation advocacy group in the U.S.
  • In 1908, Monsignor Pierre Hevey organized the nation's first credit union, "La Caisse Populaire, Ste-Marie" (The People's Bank) in Manchester, to help mill workers save and borrow money, which is now St. Mary's Bank.[127]
  • In 1933, the League of New Hampshire Craftsmen held the first crafts fair in the nation.[128]
  • In July 1944, the Bretton Woods Agreement, the first fully negotiated system intended to govern monetary relations among independent nation-states, was signed at the Mount Washington Hotel.
  • On May 5, 1961, Alan Shepard of Derry rode a Mercury spacecraft and became the first American in space.
  • In 1963, New Hampshire's legislature approved the nation's first modern state lottery, which began play in 1964.
  • In 1966, Ralph Baer of Sanders Associates, Inc., Nashua, recruited engineers to develop the first home video game.
  • In January 1974, the first municipal recycling center in the U.S. opened in Nottingham.[129]
  • Christa McAuliffe of Concord became the first private citizen selected to venture into space. She perished with her six Challenger crewmates on January 28, 1986.
  • On May 17, 1996, New Hampshire became the first state in the country to install a green LED traffic light. New Hampshire was selected because it was the first state to install the red and yellow variety statewide.[130]
  • On May 31, 2007, New Hampshire became the first state to recognize same-sex unions "without a court order or the threat of one".[131]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ In the event of a vacancy in the office of governor, the president of the State Senate is first in line to assume the gubernatorial powers and duties as acting governor.
  2. ^ Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.
  3. ^ The summit of Mount Washington is the highest point in northeastern North America.
  4. ^ which were polled jointly
  5. ^ 86% in Alabama and South Carolina

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Further reading

  • Sletcher, Michael (2004). New England. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-32753-7.
  • , a 2006 documentary presentation by James M. Patterson of the Valley News, depicts various aspects of the societal and cultural environment of northern New Hampshire.

External links

State government

  • Official website
  • New Hampshire Almanac
  • Visitnh.gov, New Hampshire Office of Travel and Tourism Development

U.S. Government

  • New Hampshire State Guide from the Library of Congress
  • New Hampshire State Facts, USDA Economic Research Service
  • USGS real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of New Hampshire

Other

  • Internet Movie Database listing of films shot in the state
  • New Hampshire Historical Society
  • New Hampshire at Curlie
  •   Geographic data related to New Hampshire at OpenStreetMap
Preceded by List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union
Ratified Constitution on June 21, 1788 (9th) 		Succeeded by

Coordinates: 43°30′N 71°30′W / 43.5°N 71.5°W / 43.5; -71.5 (State of New Hampshire)

January 16, 2023
hampshire, this, article, about, state, other, uses, disambiguation, state, england, region, northeastern, united, states, bordered, massachusetts, south, vermont, west, maine, gulf, maine, east, canadian, province, quebec, north, states, fifth, smallest, area. This article is about the U S state For other uses see New Hampshire disambiguation New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south Vermont to the west Maine and the Gulf of Maine to the east and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north Of the 50 U S states New Hampshire is the fifth smallest by area and the tenth least populous with slightly more than 1 3 million residents Concord is the state capital while Manchester is the largest city New Hampshire s motto Live Free or Die reflects its role in the American Revolutionary War its nickname The Granite State refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries 11 It is well known nationwide for holding the first primary after the Iowa caucus in the U S presidential election cycle and for its resulting influence on American electoral politics leading the adage As New Hampshire goes so goes the nation 12 New HampshireStateState of New HampshireFlagSealNickname s The Granite State 1 The White Mountain State 2 Motto Live Free or Die Anthem Old New Hampshire 3 Map of the United States with New Hampshire highlightedCountryUnited StatesBefore statehoodProvince of New HampshireAdmitted to the UnionJune 21 1788 9th CapitalConcordLargest cityManchesterLargest metro and urban areasGreater Boston combined and metro Nashua urban Government GovernorChris Sununu R Senate PresidentJeb Bradley R note 1 LegislatureGeneral Court Upper houseSenate Lower houseHouse of RepresentativesJudiciaryNew Hampshire Supreme CourtU S senatorsJeanne Shaheen D Maggie Hassan D U S House delegation1 Chris Pappas D 2 Ann McLane Kuster D list Area Total9 349 sq mi 24 214 4 km2 Rank46thDimensions Length190 mi 305 km Width68 mi 110 km Elevation1 000 ft 300 m Highest elevation Mount Washington 5 6 note 2 note 3 6 288 ft 1 916 66 m Lowest elevation Atlantic Ocean 6 0 ft 0 m Population 2020 Total1 377 529 Rank41st Density150 sq mi 57 km2 Rank21st Median household income 73 381 7 Income rank8thDemonym s Granite StaterNew HampshiriteLanguage Official languageEnglish 8 French allowed for official business with Quebec 9 Time zoneUTC 05 00 Eastern Summer DST UTC 04 00 EDT USPS abbreviationNHISO 3166 codeUS NHTraditional abbreviationN H Latitude42 42 N to 45 18 NLongitude70 36 W to 72 33 WWebsitewww wbr nh wbr govNew Hampshire state symbolsFlag of New HampshireLiving insigniaAmphibianRed spotted newtNotophthalmus viridescensBirdPurple finchHaemorhous purpureusButterflyKarner BlueLycaeides melissa samuelisDog breedChinookFishFreshwater Brook troutSalvelinus fontinalisSaltwater Striped bassMorone saxatilisFlowerPurple lilacSyringa vulgarisInsectLadybugCoccinellidaeMammalWhite tailed deerOdocoileus virginianusTreeWhite birchBetula papyriferaInanimate insigniaFoodFruit PumpkinVegetable White PotatoBerry Blackberry 10 GemstoneSmoky quartzMineralBerylRockGraniteSportSkiingTartanNew Hampshire state tartanOtherEmblem Old Man of the Mountain pictured State route markerState quarterReleased in 2000Lists of United States state symbolsNew Hampshire was inhabited for thousands of years by Algonquian speaking peoples such as the Abenaki Europeans arrived in the early 17th century with the English establishing some of the earliest non indigenous settlements The Province of New Hampshire was established in 1629 named after the English county of Hampshire 13 Following mounting tensions between the British colonies and the crown during the 1760s New Hampshire saw one of the earliest overt acts of rebellion with the seizing of Fort William and Mary from the British in 1774 In January 1776 it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish an independent government and state constitution six months later it signed the United States Declaration of Independence and contributed troops ships and supplies in the war against Britain In June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the U S Constitution bringing that document into effect Through the mid 19th century New Hampshire was an active center of abolitionism and fielded close to 32 000 soldiers for the Union during the U S Civil War After the war the state saw rapid industrialization and population growth becoming a center of textile manufacturing shoemaking and papermaking the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company in Manchester was at one time the largest cotton textile plant in the world The Merrimack and Connecticut rivers were lined with industrial mills most of which employed workers from Canada and Europe French Canadians formed the most significant influx of immigrants and today roughly a quarter of all New Hampshire residents claim French American ancestry second only to Maine Reflecting a nationwide trend New Hampshire s industrial sector declined after the Second World War Since 1950 its economy has heavily diversified to include financial and professional services real estate education and transportation with manufacturing still higher than the national average 14 Beginning in the 1980s its population surged as major highways connected it to the Greater Boston and led to more bedroom communities In the 21st century New Hampshire is among the wealthiest states in the U S with the seventh highest median household income and some of the lowest rates of poverty unemployment and crime It is one of only nine states without an income tax and has no taxes on sales capital gains or inheritance consequently its overall tax burden is the lowest in the U S after Florida New Hampshire ranks among the top ten states in metrics such as governance healthcare socioeconomic opportunity and fiscal stability 15 16 With its mountainous and heavily forested terrain New Hampshire has a growing tourism sector centered on outdoor recreation It has some of the highest ski mountains on the East Coast and is a major destination for winter sports Mount Monadnock is among the most climbed mountains in the U S Other activities include observing the fall foliage summer cottages along many lakes and the seacoast motorsports at the New Hampshire Motor Speedway and Motorcycle Week a popular motorcycle rally held in Weirs Beach in Laconia The White Mountain National Forest links the Vermont and Maine portions of the Appalachian Trail and has the Mount Washington Auto Road where visitors may drive to the top of 6 288 foot 1 917 m Mount Washington Contents 1 History 2 Geography 2 1 Climate 2 2 Metropolitan areas 3 Demographics 3 1 Population 3 2 Birth data 3 3 Religion 4 Economy 4 1 Largest employers 5 Law and government 5 1 Governing documents 5 2 Branches of government 5 3 Local government 5 4 Politics 5 4 1 New Hampshire primary 5 4 2 Elections 5 4 3 Free State Project 6 Transportation 6 1 Highways 6 2 Air 6 3 Public transportation 6 4 Freight railways 7 Education 7 1 High schools 7 2 Colleges and universities 8 Media 8 1 Daily newspapers 8 2 Other publications 8 3 Radio stations 8 4 Television stations 9 Sports 10 Culture 10 1 In fiction 10 1 1 Theater 10 1 2 Comics 10 1 3 Television 11 Notable people 12 New Hampshire firsts 13 See also 14 Notes 15 References 16 Further reading 17 External links 17 1 State government 17 2 U S Government 17 3 OtherHistory EditMain article History of New Hampshire The historical coat of arms of New Hampshire from 1876 Various Algonquian speaking Abenaki tribes largely divided between the Androscoggin and Pennacook nations inhabited the area before European settlement 17 Despite the similar language they had a very different culture and religion from other Algonquian peoples English and French explorers visited New Hampshire in 1600 1605 and David Thompson settled at Odiorne s Point in present day Rye in 1623 The first permanent settlement was at Hilton s Point present day Dover By 1631 the Upper Plantation comprised modern day Dover Durham and Stratham in 1679 it became the Royal Province Father Rale s War was fought between the colonists and the Wabanaki Confederacy throughout New Hampshire New Hampshire was one of the thirteen colonies that rebelled against British rule during the American Revolution By the time of the American Revolution New Hampshire was a divided province The economic and social life of the Seacoast region revolved around sawmills shipyards merchants warehouses and established village and town centers Wealthy merchants built substantial homes furnished them with the finest luxuries and invested their capital in trade and land speculation At the other end of the social scale there developed a permanent class of day laborers mariners indentured servants and even slaves Site of first house in New Hampshire present mansion constructed in 1750 by Gov W B Wentworth New York Public LibraryThe only battle fought in New Hampshire was the raid on Fort William and Mary December 14 1774 in Portsmouth Harbor which netted the rebellion sizable quantities of gunpowder small arms and cannon over the course of two nights General Sullivan leader of the raid described it as remainder of the powder the small arms bayonets and cartouche boxes together with the cannon and ordnance stores This raid was preceded by a warning to local patriots the previous day by Paul Revere on December 13 1774 that the fort was to be reinforced by troops sailing from Boston According to unverified accounts the gunpowder was later used at the Battle of Bunker Hill transported there by Major Demerit who was one of several New Hampshire patriots who stored the powder in their homes until it was transported elsewhere for use in revolutionary activities During the raid the British soldiers fired upon the rebels with cannon and muskets Although there were apparently no casualties these were among the first shots in the American Revolutionary period occurring approximately five months before the Battles of Lexington and Concord On January 5 1776 New Hampshire became the first colony to declare independence from Great Britain almost six months before the Declaration of Independence was signed by the Continental Congress 18 The United States Constitution was ratified by New Hampshire on June 21 1788 when New Hampshire became the ninth state to do so 19 New Hampshire was a Jacksonian stronghold the state sent Franklin Pierce to the White House in the election of 1852 Industrialization took the form of numerous textile mills which in turn attracted large flows of immigrants from Quebec the French Canadians and Ireland The northern parts of the state produced lumber and the mountains provided tourist attractions After 1960 the textile industry collapsed but the economy rebounded as a center of high technology and as a service provider Fort William and Mary in 1705 Starting in 1952 New Hampshire gained national and international attention for its presidential primary held early in every presidential election year It immediately became the most important testing ground for candidates for the Republican and Democratic nominations The media gave New Hampshire and Iowa about half of all the attention paid to all states in the primary process magnifying the state s decision powers and spurring repeated efforts by out of state politicians to change the rules Geography EditFurther information List of counties in New Hampshire List of mountains in New Hampshire List of lakes in New Hampshire List of rivers in New Hampshire and Geology of New Hampshire Map of New Hampshire with roads rivers and major cities Shaded relief map of New Hampshire Mount Adams 5 774 ft or 1 760 m is part of New Hampshire s Presidential Range Lake Winnipesaukee and the Ossipee Mountains New Hampshire is part of the six state New England region of the Northeastern United States It is bounded by Quebec Canada to the north and northwest Maine and the Gulf of Maine to the east Massachusetts to the south and Vermont to the west New Hampshire s major regions are the Great North Woods the White Mountains the Lakes Region the Seacoast the Merrimack Valley the Monadnock Region and the Dartmouth Lake Sunapee area New Hampshire has the shortest ocean coastline of any U S coastal state with a length of 18 miles 29 km 20 sometimes measured as only 13 miles 21 km 21 The White Mountains range in New Hampshire spans the north central portion of the state The range includes Mount Washington the tallest in the northeastern U S site of the second highest wind speed ever recorded 22 as well as Mount Adams and Mount Jefferson With hurricane force winds every third day on average more than a hundred recorded deaths among visitors and conspicuous krumholtz dwarf matted trees much like a carpet of bonsai trees the climate on the upper reaches of Mount Washington has inspired the weather observatory on the peak to claim that the area has the World s Worst Weather 23 The White Mountains were home to the rock formation called the Old Man of the Mountain a face like profile in Franconia Notch until the formation disintegrated in May 2003 Even after its loss the Old Man remains an enduring symbol for the state seen on state highway signs automobile license plates and many government and private entities around New Hampshire In the flatter southwest corner of New Hampshire the landmark Mount Monadnock has given its name to a class of earth forms a monadnock signifying in geomorphology any isolated resistant peak rising from a less resistant eroded plain Major rivers include the 110 mile 177 km Merrimack River which bisects the lower half of the state north south before passing into Massachusetts and reaching the sea in Newburyport Its tributaries include the Contoocook River Pemigewasset River and Winnipesaukee River The 410 mile 660 km Connecticut River which starts at New Hampshire s Connecticut Lakes and flows south to Connecticut defines the western border with Vermont The state border is not in the center of that river as is usually the case but at the low water mark on the Vermont side meaning the entire river along the Vermont border save for areas where the water level has been raised by a dam lies within New Hampshire 24 Only one town Pittsburg shares a land border with the state of Vermont The northwesternmost headwaters of the Connecticut also define the part of Canada U S border The Piscataqua River and its several tributaries form the state s only significant ocean port where they flow into the Atlantic at Portsmouth The Salmon Falls River and the Piscataqua define the southern portion of the border with Maine The Piscataqua River boundary was the subject of a border dispute between New Hampshire and Maine in 2001 with New Hampshire claiming dominion over several islands primarily Seavey s Island that include the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard The U S Supreme Court dismissed the case in 2002 leaving ownership of the island with Maine New Hampshire still claims sovereignty of the base however 25 The largest of New Hampshire s lakes is Lake Winnipesaukee which covers 71 square miles 184 km2 in the east central part of New Hampshire Umbagog Lake along the Maine border approximately 12 3 square miles 31 9 km2 is a distant second Squam Lake is the second largest lake entirely in New Hampshire New Hampshire has the shortest ocean coastline of any state in the United States approximately 18 miles 29 km long 26 Hampton Beach is a popular local summer destination About 7 miles 11 km offshore are the Isles of Shoals nine small islands four of which are in New Hampshire known as the site of a 19th century art colony founded by poet Celia Thaxter and the alleged location of one of the buried treasures of the pirate Blackbeard 1922 map of New Hampshire published in the bulletin of the Brown Company in Berlin It is the state with the highest percentage of timberland area in the country 27 New Hampshire is in the temperate broadleaf and mixed forests biome Much of the state in particular the White Mountains is covered by the conifers and northern hardwoods of the New England Acadian forests The southeast corner of the state and parts of the Connecticut River along the Vermont border are covered by the mixed oaks of the Northeastern coastal forests 28 The state s numerous forests are popular among autumnal leaf peepers seeking the brilliant foliage of the numerous deciduous trees The northern third of the state is locally referred to as the north country or north of the notches in reference to the White Mountain passes that channel traffic It contains less than 5 of the state s population suffers relatively high poverty and is steadily losing population as the logging and paper industries decline However the tourist industry in particular visitors who go to northern New Hampshire to ski snowboard hike and mountain bike has helped offset economic losses from mill closures By the 1950s concern with protecting the environment became a factor emerging as an active politicized movement by the 1970s Activists defeated a proposal to build an oil refinery along the coast and one to widen an interstate highway through Franconia Notch 29 30 Winter season lengths are projected to decline at ski areas across New Hampshire due to the effects of climate change which is likely to continue the historic contraction and consolidation of the ski industry and threaten individual ski businesses and communities that rely on ski tourism 31 Climate Edit Autumn leaves on many hardwood trees in New Hampshire turn colors attracting many tourists New Hampshire experiences a humid continental climate Koppen climate classification Dfa in some southern areas Dfb in most of the state and Dfc subarctic in some northern highland areas with warm humid summers and long cold and snowy winters Precipitation is fairly evenly distributed all year The climate of the southeastern portion is moderated by the Atlantic Ocean and averages relatively milder winters for New Hampshire while the northern and interior portions experience colder temperatures and lower humidity Winters are cold and snowy throughout the state and especially severe in the northern and mountainous areas Average annual snowfall ranges from 60 inches 150 cm to over 100 inches 250 cm across the state 32 Average daytime highs are in the mid 70s F to low 80s F 24 28 C throughout the state in July with overnight lows in the mid 50s F to low 60s F 13 15 C January temperatures range from an average high of 34 F 1 C on the coast to overnight lows below 0 F 18 C in the far north and at high elevations Average annual precipitation statewide is roughly 40 inches 100 cm with some variation occurring in the White Mountains due to differences in elevation and annual snowfall New Hampshire s highest recorded temperature was 106 F 41 C in Nashua on July 4 1911 while the lowest recorded temperature was 47 F 44 C atop Mount Washington on January 29 1934 Mount Washington also saw an unofficial 50 F 46 C reading on January 22 1885 which if made official would tie the record low for New England also 50 F 46 C at Big Black River Maine on January 16 2009 and Bloomfield Vermont on December 30 1933 Koppen climate types of New Hampshire using 1991 2020 climate normals Extreme snow is often associated with a nor easter such as the Blizzard of 78 and the Blizzard of 1993 when several feet accumulated across portions of the state over 24 to 48 hours Lighter snowfalls of several inches occur frequently throughout winter often associated with an Alberta Clipper New Hampshire on occasion is affected by hurricanes and tropical storms although by the time they reach the state they are often extratropical with most storms striking the southern New England coastline and moving inland or passing by offshore in the Gulf of Maine Most of New Hampshire averages fewer than 20 days of thunderstorms per year and an average of two tornadoes occur annually statewide 33 The National Arbor Day Foundation plant hardiness zone map depicts zones 3 4 5 and 6 occurring throughout the state 34 and indicates the transition from a relatively cooler to warmer climate as one travels southward across New Hampshire The 1990 USDA plant hardiness zones for New Hampshire range from zone 3b in the north to zone 5b in the south 35 Average daily maximum and minimum temperatures for selected cities in New Hampshire 36 Location July F July C January F January C Manchester 82 64 28 17 33 15 0 9Nashua 82 59 28 15 33 12 0 11Concord 82 57 28 14 30 10 1 12Portsmouth 79 61 26 16 32 16 0 9Keene 82 56 28 13 31 9 1 12Laconia 81 60 27 16 30 11 1 11Lebanon 82 58 28 14 30 8 1 13Berlin 78 55 26 13 27 5 3 15Metropolitan areas Edit For a more comprehensive list see List of cities and towns in New Hampshire Downtown Manchester Main Street Nashua Metropolitan areas in the New England region are defined by the U S Census Bureau as New England City and Town Areas NECTAs The following is a list of NECTAs fully or partially in New Hampshire 37 38 Berlin Boston Cambridge Nashua Haverhill Newburyport Amesbury Town NECTA Division Lawrence Methuen Town Salem NECTA Division Lowell Billerica Chelmsford NECTA Division Nashua NECTA Division Claremont Concord Dover Durham Franklin Keene Laconia Lebanon Manchester PortsmouthDemographics EditHistorical populationCensus Pop 1790141 885 1800183 85829 6 1810214 46016 6 1820244 15513 8 1830269 32810 3 1840284 5745 7 1850317 97611 7 1860326 0732 5 1870318 300 2 4 1880346 9919 0 1890376 5308 5 1900411 5889 3 1910430 5724 6 1920443 0832 9 1930465 2935 0 1940491 5245 6 1950533 2428 5 1960606 92113 8 1970737 68121 5 1980920 61024 8 19901 109 25220 5 20001 235 78611 4 20101 316 4706 5 20201 377 5294 6 2022 est 1 395 2311 3 Source 1910 2020 39 Population Edit As of the 2020 census the resident population of New Hampshire was 1 377 529 39 a 4 6 increase since the 2010 United States Census The center of population of New Hampshire is in Merrimack County in the town of Pembroke 40 The center of population has moved south 12 miles 19 km since 1950 41 a reflection of the fact that the state s fastest growth has been along its southern border which is within commuting range of Boston and other Massachusetts cities The most densely populated areas generally lie within 50 miles 80 km of the Massachusetts border and are concentrated in two areas along the Merrimack River Valley running from Concord to Nashua and in the Seacoast Region along an axis stretching from Rochester to Portsmouth Outside of those two regions only one community the city of Keene has a population of over 20 000 The four counties covering these two areas account for 72 of the state population and one Hillsborough has nearly 30 of the state population as well as the two most populous communities Manchester and Nashua The northern portion of the state is very sparsely populated the largest county by area Coos covers the northern one fourth of the state and has only around 31 000 people about a third of whom live in a single community Berlin The trends over the past several decades have been for the population to shift southward as many northern communities lack the economic base to maintain their populations while southern communities have been absorbed by the Greater Boston metropolis Largest reported ancestry groups in New Hampshire by town as of 2013 Dark purple indicates Irish light purple English pink French turquoise French Canadian dark blue Italian and light blue German Gray indicates townships with no reported data As of the 2010 census the population of New Hampshire was 1 316 470 The gender makeup of the state at that time was 49 3 male and 50 7 female 21 8 of the population were under the age of 18 64 6 were between the ages of 18 and 64 and 13 5 were 65 years of age or older 42 Additionally about 57 3 of the population was born out of state 43 New Hampshire racial composition of population Racial composition 1990 44 2000 45 2010 42 2019 46 White 98 0 96 0 93 9 89 8 Black or African American 0 6 0 7 1 1 1 8 American Indian and Alaska Native 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 3 Asian 0 8 1 3 2 2 3 0 Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander 0 0 lt 0 1 Other race 0 3 0 6 0 9 Two or more races 1 1 1 6 1 8 Hispanic or Latino 4 0 Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2 8 of the population in 2010 0 6 were of Mexican 0 9 Puerto Rican 0 1 Cuban and 1 2 other Hispanic or Latino origin As of 2019 the Hispanic or Latino population was estimated at 4 0 46 According to the 2012 2017 American Community Survey the largest ancestry groups in the state were Irish 20 6 English 16 5 French 14 0 Italian 10 4 German 9 1 French Canadian 8 9 and American 4 8 47 New Hampshire has the highest percentage 22 9 of residents with French French Canadian Acadian ancestry of any U S state 48 According to the Census Bureau s American Community Survey estimates from 2017 2 1 of the population aged 5 and older speak Spanish at home while 1 8 speak French 49 In Coos County 9 6 of the population speaks French at home 50 down from 16 in 2000 51 Estimated demographics of the top five municipalities by population 46 Manchester Nashua Concord Derry DoverPopulation Census 2010 109 565 86 494 42 695 33 109 29 987Population estimates July 1 2019 112 673 89 355 43 627 33 485 32 191Population change April 1 2010 to July 1 2019 2 8 3 3 2 2 1 1 7 4 Age and sexPersons under 5 years 6 0 5 3 4 8 4 9 6 4 Persons under 18 years 19 5 19 5 18 4 21 2 19 1 Persons 65 years and over 13 2 15 7 16 4 12 1 16 0 Female persons 49 6 50 7 49 7 50 2 52 5 Race and ethnicityWhite 84 8 82 6 88 1 94 7 91 4 Non Hispanic White 76 9 73 2 86 1 92 5 88 1 Hispanic or Latino alone 10 4 12 7 3 0 4 2 3 7 Black or African American 6 1 4 1 3 5 0 8 1 3 American Indian and Alaska Native 0 1 0 1 0 6 0 1 0 1 Asian 5 1 8 4 4 7 1 2 4 1 Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander Two or more races 3 0 3 2 2 3 1 7 3 0 Population characteristicsVeterans 2015 2019 6 352 5 575 2 945 2 290 2 061Foreign born persons 2015 2019 14 5 15 7 9 5 4 6 7 2 Birth data Edit Note Percentages in the table do not add up to 100 because Hispanics are counted both by their ethnicity and by their race giving a higher overall number Live Births by Single Race Ethnicity of Mother Race 2013 52 2014 53 2015 54 2016 55 2017 56 2018 57 2019 58 2020 59 White 11 570 93 3 11 494 93 4 11 600 93 3 gt Non Hispanic White 11 064 89 2 10 917 88 7 10 928 87 9 10 641 86 7 10 524 86 9 10 317 86 0 10 079 85 1 10 075 85 4 Asian 485 3 9 528 4 3 527 4 2 504 4 1 479 4 0 472 3 9 508 4 3 428 3 6 Black 316 2 5 259 2 1 280 2 3 208 1 7 234 1 9 241 2 0 255 2 2 256 2 2 American Indian 25 0 2 21 0 2 26 0 2 8 0 0 26 0 2 13 0 1 18 0 2 10 0 1 Hispanic of any race 513 4 1 591 4 8 638 5 1 697 5 7 673 5 6 745 6 2 771 6 5 797 6 7 Total New Hampshire 12 396 100 12 302 100 12 433 100 12 267 100 12 116 100 11 995 100 11 839 100 11 791 100 Since 2016 data for births of White Hispanic origin are not collected but included in one Hispanic group persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race Religion Edit Religion in New Hampshire 2020 60 Affiliation PercentProtestant 39 Catholic 24 Unaffiliated 25 Other Christian 1 Jewish 3 Hindu 1 Other religion 0 A Pew survey in 2014 showed that the religious affiliations of the people of New Hampshire was as follows nonreligious 36 Protestant 30 Catholic 26 Jehovah s Witness 2 LDS Mormon 1 and Jewish 1 61 A survey suggests people in New Hampshire and Vermont note 4 are less likely than other Americans to attend weekly services and only 54 say they are absolutely certain there is a God compared to 71 in the rest of the nation note 5 62 New Hampshire and Vermont are also at the lowest levels among states in religious commitment In 2012 23 of New Hampshire residents in a Gallup poll considered themselves very religious while 52 considered themselves non religious 63 According to the Association of Religion Data Archives ARDA in 2010 the largest denominations were the Catholic Church with 311 028 members the United Church of Christ with 26 321 members and the United Methodist Church with 18 029 members 64 In 2016 a Gallup Poll found that New Hampshire was the least religious state in the United States Only 20 of respondents in New Hampshire categorized themselves as very religious while the nationwide average was 40 65 According to the 2020 Public Religion Research Institute study 64 of the population was Christian dominated by Roman Catholicism and evangelical Protestantism 66 In contrast with varying studies of estimated irreligiosity the Public Religion Research Institute reported that irreligion declined from 36 at the separate 2014 Pew survey to 25 of the population in 2020 Economy EditFurther information New Hampshire locations by per capita income and List of power stations in New Hampshire Farmers market of Mack s Apples Total employment 2016 594 243 Number of employer establishments 37 868 67 The Bureau of Economic Analysis estimates that New Hampshire s total state product in 2018 was 86 billion ranking 40th in the United States 68 Median household income in 2017 was 74 801 the fourth highest in the country including Washington DC 69 Its agricultural outputs are dairy products nursery stock cattle apples and eggs Its industrial outputs are machinery electric equipment rubber and plastic products and tourism is a major component of the economy 70 New Hampshire experienced a major shift in its economic base during the 20th century Historically the base was composed of traditional New England textiles shoemaking and small machine shops drawing upon low wage labor from nearby small farms and parts of Quebec Today of the state s total manufacturing dollar value these sectors contribute only two percent for textiles two percent for leather goods and nine percent for machining 71 They experienced a sharp decline due to obsolete plants and the lure of cheaper wages in the Southern United States New Hampshire today has a broad based and growing economy with a state GDP growth rate of 2 2 in 2018 68 The state s largest economic sectors in 2018 based on contribution to GDP are 15 real estate and rental and leasing 13 professional business services 12 manufacturing 10 government and government services and 9 health care and social services 72 The state s budget in FY2018 was 5 97 billion including 1 79 billion in federal funds 73 The issue of taxation is controversial in New Hampshire which has a property tax subject to municipal control but no broad sales tax or income tax The state does have narrower taxes on meals lodging vehicles business and investment income and tolls on state roads According to the Energy Information Administration New Hampshire s energy consumption and per capita energy consumption are among the lowest in the country The Seabrook Station Nuclear Power Plant near Portsmouth is the largest nuclear reactor in New England and provided 57 of New Hampshire s electricity generation and 27 of its electricity consumption in 2017 In 2016 and 2017 New Hampshire obtained more of its electricity generation from wind power than from coal fired power plants Approximately 32 of New Hampshire s electricity consumption came from renewable resources including nuclear hydroelectric wind and other renewable resources New Hampshire was a net exporter of electricity exporting 63 trillion British thermal units 18 TWh 74 New Hampshire s residential electricity use is low compared with the national average in part because demand for air conditioning is low during the generally mild summer months and because few households use electricity as their primary energy source for home heating Nearly half of New Hampshire households use fuel oil for winter heating which is one of the largest shares in the United States New Hampshire has potential for renewable energies like wind power hydroelectricity and wood fuel 74 The state has no general sales tax and no personal state income tax the state currently does tax at a five percent rate income from dividends and interest but this tax is set to expire in 2027 75 New Hampshire s lack of a broad based tax system has resulted in the state s local jurisdictions having the 8th highest property taxes as of a 2019 ranking by the Tax Foundation 76 However the state s overall tax burden is relatively low in 2010 New Hampshire ranked 8th lowest among states in combined average state and local tax burden 77 The preliminary seasonally unemployment rate in April 2019 was 2 4 based on a 767 500 person civilian workforce with 749 000 people in employment New Hampshire s workforce is 90 in nonfarm employment with 18 employed in trade transportation and utilities 17 in education and health care 12 in government 11 in professional and business services and 10 in leisure and hospitality 78 Largest employers Edit In March 2018 86 of New Hampshire s workforce were employed by the private sector with 53 of those workers being employed by firms with fewer than 100 employees About 14 of private sector employees are employed by firms with more than 1 000 employees 79 According to community surveys by the Economic amp Labor Market Information Bureau of NH Employment Security the following are the largest private employers in the state 80 Employer Location base EmployeesDartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center Lebanon 7 000Fidelity Investments Merrimack 6 000BAE Systems North America Nashua 4 700Liberty Mutual Dover 3 800Elliot Hospital Manchester 3 800Dartmouth College Hanover 3 500Southern New Hampshire University Manchester 3 200Capital Regional Health Care Concord 3 000Catholic Medical Center Manchester 2 300Southern New Hampshire Health System Nashua 2 200New Hampshire s state government employs approximately 6 100 people Additionally the U S Department of State employs approximately 1 600 people at the National Visa Center in Portsmouth which processes United States immigrant visa petitions 80 Law and government EditMain article Government of New Hampshire The New Hampshire State House in Concord The governor of New Hampshire since January 5 2017 is Chris Sununu Republican New Hampshire s two U S senators are Jeanne Shaheen and Maggie Hassan both Democrats both of whom are former governors New Hampshire s two U S representatives as of January 2019 are Chris Pappas and Ann McLane Kuster both Democrats New Hampshire is an alcoholic beverage control state and through the State Liquor Commission takes in 100 million from the sale and distribution of liquor 81 New Hampshire is the only state in the U S that does not require adults to wear seat belts in their vehicles It is one of three states that have no mandatory helmet law Governing documents Edit Main article Law of New Hampshire The New Hampshire State Constitution of 1783 is the supreme law of the state followed by the New Hampshire Revised Statutes Annotated and the New Hampshire Code of Administrative Rules These are roughly analogous to the federal United States Constitution United States Code and Code of Federal Regulations respectively Branches of government Edit New Hampshire has a bifurcated executive branch consisting of the governor and a five member executive council which votes on state contracts worth more than 5 000 and advises and consents to the governor s nominations to major state positions such as department heads and all judgeships and pardon requests New Hampshire does not have a lieutenant governor the Senate president serves as acting governor whenever the governor is unable to perform the duties The legislature is called the General Court It consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate There are 400 representatives making it one of the largest elected bodies in the English speaking world 82 and 24 senators Legislators are paid a nominal salary of 200 per two year term plus travel costs the lowest in the U S by far Thus most are effectively volunteers nearly half of whom are retirees 83 For details see the article on Government of New Hampshire The state s sole appellate court is the New Hampshire Supreme Court The Superior Court is the court of general jurisdiction and the only court which provides for jury trials in civil or criminal cases The other state courts are the Probate Court District Court and the Family Division Local government Edit New Hampshire has 10 counties and 234 cities and towns New Hampshire is a Dillon Rule state meaning the state retains all powers not specifically granted to municipalities Even so the legislature strongly favors local control particularly concerning land use regulations New Hampshire municipalities are classified as towns or cities which differ primarily by the form of government Most towns generally operate on the town meeting form of government where the registered voters in the town act as the town legislature and a board of selectmen acts as the executive of the town Larger towns and the state s thirteen cities operate either on a council manager or council mayor form of government There is no difference from the state government s point of view between towns and cities besides the form of government All state level statutes treat all municipalities identically New Hampshire has a small number of unincorporated areas that are titled as grants locations purchases or townships These locations have limited to no self government and services are generally provided for them by neighboring towns or the county or state where needed As of the 2000 census there were 25 of these left in New Hampshire accounting for a total population of 173 people as of 2000 update several were entirely depopulated All but two of these unincorporated areas are in Coos County Politics Edit Main article Politics of New Hampshire New Hampshire is socially liberal like the rest of New England and is the least religious state in the Union as of a 2016 Gallup poll 65 Yet the Live Free or Die state has also long had a great disdain for state taxation and state bureaucracy 84 85 As of 2021 New Hampshire has a Republican Governor Chris Sununu a Republican New Hampshire Senate and a Republican New Hampshire House of Representatives and is one of nine states the only one of the American Northeast to have no general state income tax imposed on individuals The Democratic Party and the Republican Party in that order are the two largest parties in the state A plurality of voters are registered as undeclared and can choose either ballot in the primary and then regain their undeclared status after voting 86 The Libertarian Party had official party status from 1990 to 1996 and from 2016 to 2018 A movement known as the Free State Project suggests libertarians move to the state to concentrate their power As of February 1 2022 there were 869 339 registered voters of whom 327 365 37 66 did not declare a political party affiliation 276 206 31 77 were Democratic and 265 768 30 57 were Republican 87 New Hampshire primary Edit Saint Anselm College has held several national debates on campus New Hampshire is internationally known for the New Hampshire primary the first primary in the quadrennial American presidential election cycle State law requires that the Secretary of State schedule this election at least one week before any similar event While the Iowa caucus precedes the New Hampshire primary the New Hampshire election is the nation s first contest that uses the same procedure as the general election draws more attention than those in other states and has been decisive in shaping the national contest State law permits a town with fewer than 100 residents to open its polls at midnight and close when all registered citizens have cast their ballots As such the communities of Dixville Notch in Coos County and Hart s Location in Carroll County among others have chosen to implement these provisions Dixville Notch and Hart s Location are traditionally the first places in both New Hampshire and the U S to vote in presidential primaries and elections Nominations for all other partisan offices are decided in a separate primary election In Presidential election cycles this is the second primary election held in New Hampshire Saint Anselm College in Goffstown has become a popular campaign spot for politicians as well as several national presidential debates because of its proximity to Manchester Boston Regional Airport 88 89 90 Elections Edit Main article Elections in New Hampshire Further information United States presidential elections in New Hampshire Dartmouth College before a debate in 2008 In the past New Hampshire has often voted Republican Between 1856 and 1988 New Hampshire cast its electoral votes for the Democratic presidential ticket six times Woodrow Wilson twice Franklin D Roosevelt three times and Lyndon B Johnson once Beginning in 1992 New Hampshire became a swing state in national and local elections and in that time has supported Democrats in all presidential elections except 2000 It was the only state in the country to switch from supporting Republican George W Bush in the 2000 election to supporting his Democratic challenger in the 2004 election when John Kerry a senator from neighboring Massachusetts won the state The Democrats dominated elections in New Hampshire in 2006 and 2008 In 2006 Democrats won both congressional seats electing Carol Shea Porter in the first district and Paul Hodes in the second re elected Governor John Lynch and gained a majority on the Executive Council and in both houses for the first time since 1911 Democrats had not held both the legislature and the governorship since 1874 91 Neither U S Senate seat was up for a vote in 2006 In 2008 Democrats retained their majorities governorship and Congressional seats and former governor Jeanne Shaheen defeated incumbent Republican John E Sununu for the U S Senate in a rematch of the 2002 contest The 2008 elections resulted in women holding a majority 13 of the 24 seats in the New Hampshire Senate a first for any legislative body in the United States 92 In the 2010 midterm elections Republicans made historic gains in New Hampshire capturing veto proof majorities in the state legislature taking all five seats in the Executive Council electing a new U S senator Kelly Ayotte winning both U S House seats and reducing the margin of victory of incumbent Governor John Lynch compared to his 2006 and 2008 landslide wins In the 2012 state legislative elections Democrats took back the New Hampshire House of Representatives and narrowed the Republican majority in the New Hampshire Senate to 13 11 93 In 2012 New Hampshire became the first state in U S history to elect an all female federal delegation Democratic Congresswomen Carol Shea Porter of Congressional District 1 and Ann McLane Kuster of Congressional District 2 accompanied U S Senators Jeanne Shaheen and Kelly Ayotte in 2013 Further the state elected its second female governor Democrat Maggie Hassan In the 2014 elections Republicans retook the New Hampshire House of Representatives with a 239 160 majority and expanded their majority in the New Hampshire Senate to 14 of the Senate s 24 seats On the national level incumbent Democratic Senator Jeanne Shaheen defeated her Republican challenger former Massachusetts senator Scott Brown New Hampshire also elected Frank Guinta R for its First Congressional District representative and Ann Kuster D for its Second Congressional District representative In the 2016 elections Republicans held the New Hampshire House of Representatives with a majority of 220 175 and held onto their 14 seats in the New Hampshire Senate In the gubernatorial race retiring Governor Maggie Hassan was succeeded by Republican Chris Sununu who defeated Democratic nominee Colin Van Ostern Sununu became the state s first Republican governor since Craig Benson who left office in 2005 following defeat by John Lynch Republicans control the governor s office and both chambers of the state legislature a governing trifecta in which the Republicans have full governing power 94 In the presidential race the state voted for the Democratic nominee former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton over the Republican nominee Donald Trump by a margin of 2 736 votes or 0 3 one of the closest results the state has ever seen in a presidential race while Libertarian nominee Gary Johnson received 4 12 of the vote The Democrats also won a competitive race in the Second Congressional District as well as a competitive senate race New Hampshire s congressional delegation currently consists of exclusively Democrats In the 116th United States Congress it is one of only seven states with an entirely Democratic delegation five of which are in New England the others are Delaware and Hawaii Free State Project Edit The Free State Project FSP is a movement founded in 2001 to recruit at least 20 000 libertarians to move to a single low population state New Hampshire was selected in 2003 to concentrate libertarian activism around a single region 95 The Free State Project emphasizes decentralized decision making encouraging new movers and prior residents of New Hampshire to participate in a way the individual mover deems most appropriate For example as of 2017 there were 17 so called Free Staters elected to the New Hampshire House of Representatives 96 and in 2021 the New Hampshire Liberty Alliance which ranks bills and elected representatives based on their adherence to what they see as libertarian principles scored 150 representatives as A or above rated representatives 97 Participants also engage with other like minded activist groups such as Rebuild New Hampshire 98 Young Americans for Liberty 99 and Americans for Prosperity 100 As of April 2022 approximately 6 232 participants have moved to New Hampshire for the Free State Project 101 Transportation EditHighways Edit Main article New Hampshire Highway System New Hampshire has a well maintained well signed network of Interstate highways U S highways and state highways State highway markers still depict the Old Man of the Mountain despite that rock formation s demise in 2003 Several route numbers align with the same route numbers in neighboring states State highway numbering is arbitrary with no overall system as with U S and Interstate systems Major routes include Interstate 89 runs northwest from near Concord to Lebanon on the Vermont border Interstate 93 is the main Interstate highway in New Hampshire and runs north from Salem on the Massachusetts border to Littleton on the Vermont border I 93 connects the more densely populated southern part of the state to the Lakes Region and the White Mountains further to the north Interstate 95 runs north south briefly along New Hampshire s seacoast to serve the city of Portsmouth before entering Maine U S Route 1 runs north south briefly along New Hampshire s seacoast to the east of and paralleling I 95 U S Route 2 runs east west through Coos County from Maine intersecting Route 16 skirting the White Mountain National Forest passing through Jefferson and into Vermont U S Route 3 is the longest numbered route in the state and the only one to run completely through the state from the Massachusetts border to the Canada U S border It generally parallels Interstate 93 South of Manchester it takes a more westerly route through Nashua North of Franconia Notch U S 3 takes a more easterly route before terminating at the Canada U S border U S Route 4 terminates at the Portsmouth Traffic Circle and runs east west across the southern part of the state connecting Durham Concord Boscawen and Lebanon New Hampshire Route 16 is a major north south highway in the eastern part of the state that generally parallels the border with Maine eventually entering Maine as Maine Route 16 The southernmost portion of NH 16 is a four lane freeway co signed with U S Route 4 New Hampshire Route 101 is a major east west highway in the southern part of the state that connects Keene with Manchester and the Seacoast region East of Manchester NH 101 is a four lane limited access highway that runs to Hampton Beach and I 95 Air Edit Manchester Boston Regional Airport from the air For a more comprehensive list see List of airports in New Hampshire New Hampshire has 25 public use airports three with some scheduled commercial passenger service The busiest airport by number of passengers handled is Manchester Boston Regional Airport in Manchester and Londonderry which serves the Greater Boston metropolitan area Public transportation Edit Long distance intercity passenger rail service is provided by Amtrak s Vermonter and Downeaster lines Greyhound Concord Coach Vermont Translines and Dartmouth Coach all provide intercity bus connections to and from points in New Hampshire and to long distance points beyond and in between As of 2013 update Boston centered MBTA Commuter Rail services reach only as far as northern Massachusetts The New Hampshire Rail Transit Authority is working to extend Capital Corridor service from Lowell Massachusetts to Nashua Concord and Manchester including Manchester Boston Regional Airport and Coastal Corridor service from Haverhill Massachusetts to Plaistow New Hampshire 102 103 Legislation in 2007 created the New Hampshire Rail Transit Authority NHRTA with the goal of overseeing the development of commuter rail in the state of New Hampshire In 2011 Governor John Lynch vetoed HB 218 a bill passed by Republican lawmakers which would have drastically curtailed the powers and responsibilities of NHRTA 104 105 The I 93 Corridor transit study suggested a rail alternative along the Manchester and Lawrence branch line which could provide freight and passenger service 106 This rail corridor would also have access to Manchester Boston Regional Airport Eleven public transit authorities operate local and regional bus services around the state and eight private carriers operate express bus services which link with the national intercity bus network 107 The New Hampshire Department of Transportation operates a statewide ride sharing match service in addition to independent ride matching and guaranteed ride home programs 107 Tourist railroads include the Conway Scenic Railroad Hobo Winnipesaukee Railroad and the Mount Washington Cog Railway Freight railways Edit For a more comprehensive list see List of New Hampshire railroads Freight railways in New Hampshire include Claremont amp Concord Railroad CCRR Pan Am Railways via subsidiary Springfield Terminal Railway ST the New England Central Railroad NHCR the St Lawrence and Atlantic Railroad SLR and New Hampshire Northcoast Corporation NHN Education Edit Dartmouth College s Baker Library Thompson Hall at UNH was built in 1892 High schools Edit For a more comprehensive list see List of high schools in New Hampshire The first public high schools in the state were the Boys High School and the Girls High School of Portsmouth established either in 1827 or 1830 depending on the source 108 109 110 New Hampshire has more than 80 public high schools many of which serve more than one town The largest is Pinkerton Academy in Derry which is owned by a private non profit organization and serves as the public high school of several neighboring towns There are at least 30 private high schools in the state New Hampshire is also the home of several prestigious university preparatory schools such as Phillips Exeter Academy St Paul s School Proctor Academy Brewster Academy and Kimball Union Academy In 2008 the state tied with Massachusetts as having the highest scores on the SAT and ACT standardized tests given to high school students 111 Colleges and universities Edit For a more comprehensive list see List of colleges and universities in New Hampshire Antioch University New England Colby Sawyer College Community College System of New Hampshire Great Bay Community College Lakes Region Community College Manchester Community College Nashua Community College NHTI Concord s Community College River Valley Community College White Mountains Community College Dartmouth College Tuck School of Business Geisel School of Medicine Thayer School of Engineering Franklin Pierce University Hellenic American University Magdalen College of the Liberal Arts MCPHS University New England College New Hampshire Institute of Art Rivier University Saint Anselm College Southern New Hampshire University Thomas More College of Liberal Arts University System of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire School of Law University of New Hampshire at Manchester Granite State College Keene State College Plymouth State UniversityMedia EditDaily newspapers Edit For a more comprehensive list see List of newspapers in New Hampshire Berlin Daily Sun Concord Monitor Conway Daily Sun The Dartmouth of Dartmouth College Hanover Eagle Times of Claremont Eagle Tribune Lawrence Massachusetts area including parts of southern New Hampshire Foster s Daily Democrat of Dover Keene Sentinel Laconia Citizen Laconia Daily Sun New Hampshire Union Leader of Manchester formerly known as the Manchester Union Leader The Portsmouth Herald The Telegraph of Nashua The Sun Lowell Massachusetts area including parts of southern New Hampshire Valley News of Lebanon Other publications Edit Area News Group Business New Hampshire Magazine The Cabinet Press Milford Cabinet Bedford Journal Hollis Brookline Journal Merrimack Journal Carriage Towne News covering Kingston and surrounding towns The Exeter News Letter Free Keene The Hampton Union Hippo Press covering Manchester Nashua and Concord Manchester Express Manchester Ink Link 112 The New Hampshire University of New Hampshire student newspaper New Hampshire Business Review New Hampshire Free Press The New Hampshire Gazette Portsmouth alternative biweekly NH Living Magazine 113 NH Rocks 114 NH Roots 115 Salmon Press Newspapers family of weekly newspapers covering Lakes Region amp North Country The Liberty BlockRadio stations Edit For a more comprehensive list see List of radio stations in New Hampshire Television stations Edit For a more comprehensive list see List of television stations in New Hampshire ABC affiliate WMUR Channel 9 Manchester PBS affiliate Channel 11 Durham New Hampshire Public Television repeater stations in Keene and Littleton True Crime Network affiliate WWJE Channel 50 Derry Manchester Ion Television station WPXG Channel 21 Concord satellite of WBPX in Boston Sports EditThe following sports teams are based in New Hampshire Club Sport Venue League Level notesAmoskeag Rugby Club Rugby union Northeast Athletic Club Pembroke New England Rugby Football Union AmateurNashua Silver Knights Baseball Holman Stadium Nashua Futures Collegiate Baseball League Collegiate summer baseballNew Hampshire Fisher Cats Baseball Delta Dental Stadium Manchester Double A Eastern League Professional Double A affiliate of the Toronto Blue JaysNew Hampshire Wild Baseball Doane Diamond Concord Empire Professional Baseball League Professional Independent minor leagueNortheast Ruckus American football Nor Rock Field Womans Football Alliance Professional Based in Windham plays home games in nearby Raymond New HampshireSeacoast United Phantoms Soccer New England Sports Park USL League Two Semi professional Based in Portsmouth plays home games in nearby Hampton New HampshireThe New Hampshire Motor Speedway in Loudon is an oval track and road course that has been visited by national motorsport championship series such as the NASCAR Cup Series the NASCAR Xfinity Series the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour American Canadian Tour ACT the Champ Car and the IndyCar Series Other motor racing venues include Star Speedway and New England Dragway in Epping Lee USA Speedway in Lee Twin State Speedway in Claremont Monadnock Speedway in Winchester and Canaan Fair Speedway in Canaan New Hampshire has two universities competing at the NCAA Division I in all collegiate sports the Dartmouth Big Green Ivy League and the New Hampshire Wildcats America East Conference as well as three NCAA Division II teams Franklin Pierce Ravens Saint Anselm Hawks and Southern New Hampshire Penmen Northeast 10 Conference Most other schools compete in NCAA Division III or the NAIA Annually since 2002 high school statewide all stars compete against Vermont in 10 sports during Twin State playoffs 116 Culture EditIn the spring New Hampshire s many sap houses hold sugaring off open houses In summer and early autumn New Hampshire is home to many county fairs the largest being the Hopkinton State Fair in Contoocook New Hampshire s Lakes Region is home to many summer camps especially around Lake Winnipesaukee and is a popular tourist destination The Peterborough Players have performed every summer in Peterborough since 1933 The Barnstormers Theatre in Tamworth founded in 1931 is one of the longest running professional summer theaters in the United States 117 In September New Hampshire is host to the New Hampshire Highland Games New Hampshire has also registered an official tartan with the proper authorities in Scotland used to make kilts worn by the Lincoln Police Department while its officers serve during the games The fall foliage peaks in mid October In the winter New Hampshire s ski areas and snowmobile trails attract visitors from a wide area 118 After the lakes freeze over they become dotted with ice fishing ice houses known locally as bobhouses Funspot the world s largest video arcade 119 120 now termed a museum is in Laconia In fiction Edit Theater Edit The fictional New Hampshire town of Grover s Corners serves as the setting of the Thornton Wilder play Our Town Grover s Corners is based in part on the real town of Peterborough Several local landmarks and nearby towns are mentioned in the text of the play and Wilder himself spent some time in Peterborough at the MacDowell Colony writing at least some of the play while in residence there 121 Comics Edit Al Capp creator of the comic strip Li l Abner used to joke that Dogpatch the setting for the strip was based on Seabrook where he would vacation with his wife 122 Television Edit In the AMC drama Breaking Bad Granite State 123 series lead Walter White escapes to a cabin in a fictional county in northern New Hampshire In the sixth season of HBO hit series The Sopranos in an episode named for New Hampshire s famous slogan of Live Free or Die character Vito Spatafore flees New Jersey for the small fictional town of Dartford New Hampshire because of his inadvertently being outed as a gay man 124 Notable people EditFor a more comprehensive list see List of people from New Hampshire Prominent individuals from New Hampshire include 14th President of the United States Franklin Pierce founding father Nicholas Gilman Senator Daniel Webster Revolutionary War hero John Stark editor Horace Greeley founder of the Christian Science religion Mary Baker Eddy poet Robert Frost astronaut Alan Shepard rock musician Ronnie James Dio author Dan Brown actor Adam Sandler inventor Dean Kamen comedians Sarah Silverman and Seth Meyers restaurateurs Richard and Maurice McDonald and WWE wrestler Triple H aka Paul Michael Levesque New Hampshire firsts EditOn January 5 1776 at Exeter the Provincial Congress of New Hampshire ratified the first independent constitution in the Americas free of British rule 125 On June 12 1800 Fernald s Island in the Piscataqua River became the first government sanctioned U S Navy shipyard Started in 1822 Dublin s Juvenile Library was the first free public library In 1828 the first women s strike in the nation took place at Dover s Cocheco Mills Founded in 1833 the Peterborough Town Library was the first public library supported with public funds in the world 126 On August 3 1852 Center Harbor was the site of the first intercollegiate athletic event Harvard defeated Yale in a 2 mile 3 2 km rowing race on Lake Winnipesaukee the first meeting in a rivalry that continues to this day Finished on June 27 1874 the first trans Atlantic telecommunications cable between Europe and America stretched from Balinskelligs Bay Ireland to Rye New Hampshire On February 6 1901 a group of nine conservationists founded the Society for the Protection of New Hampshire Forests the first forest conservation advocacy group in the U S In 1908 Monsignor Pierre Hevey organized the nation s first credit union La Caisse Populaire Ste Marie The People s Bank in Manchester to help mill workers save and borrow money which is now St Mary s Bank 127 In 1933 the League of New Hampshire Craftsmen held the first crafts fair in the nation 128 In July 1944 the Bretton Woods Agreement the first fully negotiated system intended to govern monetary relations among independent nation states was signed at the Mount Washington Hotel On May 5 1961 Alan Shepard of Derry rode a Mercury spacecraft and became the first American in space In 1963 New Hampshire s legislature approved the nation s first modern state lottery which began play in 1964 In 1966 Ralph Baer of Sanders Associates Inc Nashua recruited engineers to develop the first home video game In January 1974 the first municipal recycling center in the U S opened in Nottingham 129 Christa McAuliffe of Concord became the first private citizen selected to venture into space She perished with her six Challenger crewmates on January 28 1986 On May 17 1996 New Hampshire became the first state in the country to install a green LED traffic light New Hampshire was selected because it was the first state to install the red and yellow variety statewide 130 On May 31 2007 New Hampshire became the first state to recognize same sex unions without a court order or the threat of one 131 See also Edit New Hampshire portalOutline of New Hampshire List of states and territories of the United StatesNotes Edit In the event of a vacancy in the office of governor the president of the State Senate is first in line to assume the gubernatorial powers and duties as acting governor Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988 The summit of Mount Washington is the highest point in northeastern North America which were polled jointly 86 in Alabama and South CarolinaReferences Edit New Hampshire Almanac Fast New Hampshire Facts NH gov New Hampshire State Library 2011 Archived from the original on July 16 2012 Retrieved December 22 2014 For use in a reference publication see Mencken H L 1990 American Language Supplement 2 Knopf Doubleday The adjoining New Hampshire is usually called the Granite State which the DAE traces to 1830 It has also been called the White Mountain State the Mother of Rivers and the Switzerland of America For official use see Fast New Hampshire Facts New Hampshire Almanac State of New Hampshire Archived from the original on May 25 2017 Retrieved February 12 2018 For contemporary use see Live Free or Die The Story of the New Hampshire Motto New England Today Yankee Publishing Inc August 10 2017 Archived from the original on February 12 2018 Retrieved February 12 2018 For tourism purposes however New Hampshire typically tones it down a bit presenting itself as the Granite State or the White Mountain State New Hampshire State Library State Official and Honorary State Song NH gov State of New Hampshire Retrieved February 23 2021 Geographic Identifiers New Hampshire American Factfinder U S Census Bureau Archived from the original on February 13 2020 Retrieved June 10 2016 Mt Wash NGS Data Sheet National Geodetic Survey National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration United States Department of Commerce Retrieved October 20 2011 a b Elevations and Distances in the United States United States Geological Survey 2001 Archived from the original on October 15 2011 Retrieved October 24 2011 Income in the Past 12 Months in 2017 Inflation Adjusted Dollars S1901 2017 American Community Survey 1 Year Estimates New Hampshire American Factfinder U S Census Bureau Archived from the original on February 13 2020 Retrieved April 8 2019 New Hampshire Revised Statutes Title 1 Chapter 3 C 1 Official State Language State of New Hampshire 1995 Archived from the original on October 4 2018 Retrieved December 9 2016 New Hampshire Revised Statutes Title 1 Chapter 3 C 2 Exceptions State of New Hampshire 1995 Archived from the original on November 17 2004 Retrieved December 9 2016 Fehlau Erin June 16 2017 Blackberry now the state berry of NH WMUR News Retrieved December 30 2019 Visit NH State Facts NH Department of Resources and Economic Development Archived from the original on October 14 2010 Retrieved August 30 2010 New Hampshire HISTORY Retrieved July 20 2021 Origin of New Hampshire State Symbols USA Archived from the original on September 4 2015 Retrieved August 30 2015 Economy by Industry in N H and U S Carsey School of Public Policy UNH August 21 2019 Retrieved July 20 2021 Street 100 North Main Suite 100 Concord NH NH Economy Choose New Hampshire NH Economy Retrieved July 20 2021 Best States Rankings U S News amp World Report Abenaki tolatsga org Archived from the original on April 11 2010 Retrieved September 4 2017 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Hampshire Water Resources Primer Chapter 6 Coastal and Estuarine Waters PDF NH Dept of Environmental Services Archived PDF from the original on October 5 2011 Retrieved April 11 2011 Nowak David J Greenfield Eric J May 9 2012 Tree and impervious cover in the United States 2012 PDF Landscape and Urban Planning 107 21 30 doi 10 1016 j landurbplan 2012 04 005 S2CID 9352755 Archived PDF from the original on March 12 2014 Retrieved February 3 2016 Olson D M Dinerstein E et al 2001 Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World A New Map of Life on Earth BioScience 51 11 933 938 doi 10 1641 0006 3568 2001 051 0933 TEOTWA 2 0 CO 2 Kimberly A Jarvis From the Mountains to the Sea Protecting Nature in Postwar New Hampshire University of Massachusetts Press 2020 online review Kimberly A Jarvis Franconia Notch and the Women Who Saved It Durham University of New Hampshire Press 2007 Climate Change Vulnerability of the Northeast US Winter Tourism Sector PDF University of Ottawa Department of Geography and Institute of Science Retrieved February 3 2019 Dellinger Dan June 23 2004 Snowfall Average Total in Inches NOAA Archived from the original on June 19 2011 Retrieved May 25 2007 Annual average number of tornadoes 1953 2004 NOAA Archived from the original on October 16 2011 Retrieved May 25 2007 2006 arborday org Hardiness Zone Map National Arbor Day Foundation Archived from the original on February 17 2011 Retrieved May 25 2007 New Hampshire USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map PlantMaps Archived from the original on December 8 2010 Retrieved November 15 2010 New Hampshire climate averages Weatherbase Archived from the original on November 22 2015 Retrieved November 21 2015 Metropolitan New England City and Town Areas Current ACS18 Data as of January 1 2018 U S Census Bureau Archived from the original on February 7 2019 Retrieved February 5 2019 Metropolitan and NECTA Divisions published by CES Bureau of Labor Statistics Archived from the original on February 7 2019 Retrieved February 5 2019 a b Historical Population Change Data 1910 2020 Census gov United States Census Bureau Centers of Population 2020 United States Census Bureau Retrieved January 3 2022 Population Center of New Hampshire 1950 2000 PDF NH Office of Energy and Planning October 2007 Archived from the original PDF on July 24 2008 Retrieved September 10 2008 a b 2010 Demographic Profile Data U S Census Bureau permanent dead link You re Not From Around Here Are You Census gov May 16 2013 Retrieved September 4 2017 Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals by Race 1790 to 1990 and by Hispanic Origin 1970 to 1990 for the United States Regions Divisions and States Census gov July 25 2008 Archived from the original on July 25 2008 Retrieved September 4 2017 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Census Viewer Censusviewer com January 8 2014 Archived from the original on January 8 2014 Retrieved September 4 2017 a b c U S Census Bureau QuickFacts New Hampshire www census gov Retrieved March 23 2021 2017 American Community Survey U S Census Bureau Selected Social Characteristics in the United States 2017 American Community Survey 1 Year Estimates DP02 All States within United States and Puerto Rico United States Census Bureau U S Census Bureau Retrieved March 25 2020 Language Spoken at Home by Ability to Speak English for the Population 5 Years and Over 2015 American Community Survey 5 Year Estimates B16001 New Hampshire American Factfinder U S Census Bureau Archived from the original on February 13 2020 Retrieved April 6 2017 Language Spoken at Home by Ability to Speak English for the Population 5 Years and Over 2015 American Community Survey 5 Year Estimates B16001 Coos County New Hampshire American Factfinder U S Census Bureau Archived from the original on February 13 2020 Retrieved April 6 2017 MLA Language Map Data Center Modern Language Association July 17 2007 Archived from the original on December 5 2010 Retrieved July 31 2010 Births Final Data for 2013 PDF Cdc gov Archived PDF from the original on September 11 2017 Retrieved September 4 2017 Births Final Data for 2014 PDF Cdc gov Archived PDF from the original on February 14 2017 Retrieved September 4 2017 Births Final Data for 2015 PDF Cdc gov Archived PDF from the original on August 31 2017 Retrieved September 4 2017 National Vital Statistics Reports PDF Archived PDF from the original on June 3 2018 Retrieved September 26 2018 Archived copy PDF Archived PDF from the original on February 1 2019 Retrieved February 21 2019 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Data PDF www cdc gov Retrieved December 21 2019 Data PDF www cdc gov Retrieved March 30 2021 Data PDF www cdc gov Retrieved February 20 2022 PRRI American Values Atlas Adults in New Hampshire Pew Research Center s Religion amp Public Life Project May 11 2015 Archived from the original on September 25 2017 Retrieved September 19 2017 Allen Mike June 23 2008 Pew survey finds believers flexible Politico com Politico Archived from the original on September 18 2010 Retrieved July 31 2010 Frank Newport March 27 2012 Mississippi Is the Most Religious U S State Gallup Archived from the original on March 28 2012 Retrieved March 28 2012 The Association of Religion Data Archives State Membership Report Thearda com The Association of Religion Data Archives Archived from the original on December 2 2013 Retrieved November 22 2013 a b Inc Gallup February 4 2016 New Hampshire Now Least Religious State in U S Gallup com Archived from the original on November 6 2019 Retrieved November 6 2019 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a last has generic name help PRRI American Values Atlas ava prri org Retrieved September 17 2022 U S Census Bureau QuickFacts New Hampshire Archived from the original on November 16 2019 Retrieved November 11 2019 a b Gross Domestic Product by State Fourth Quarter and Annual 2018 PDF Bea gov US Bureau of Economic Analysis May 1 2019 Archived PDF from the original on May 1 2019 Retrieved June 13 2019 U S Census Bureau Historical Income Tables Table H 8 Median Household Income by State census gov September 12 2018 Archived from the original on April 10 2019 Retrieved June 20 2019 State at a Glance New Hampshire U S Department of Labor October 12 2007 Archived from the original on October 23 2007 Retrieved October 14 2007 U S Economic Census for 1997 Manufacturing New Hampshire Bureau of Economic Analysis Gross Domestic Product by State May 1 2019 Archived from the original on October 23 2018 Retrieved June 18 2019 FY 2017 and FY2018 Budget PDF New Hampshire General Court June 22 2017 Retrieved June 13 2019 a b New Hampshire State Energy Profile Overview U S Energy Information Administration EIA www eia gov Archived from the original on June 15 2019 Retrieved June 18 2019 Rogers Josh Brouder Ed Furukawa Julia August 2 2021 What Effect Will Eliminating N H s Tax on Interest and Dividend Income Actually Have www nhpr org New Hampshire Public Radio Retrieved February 2 2022 Katherine Loughead Ranking Property Taxes on the 2019 State Business Tax Climate Index Tax Foundation October 24 2018 Accessed March 16 2021 New Hampshire s State and Local Tax Burden 1970 2006 The Tax Foundation August 7 2008 Archived from the original on May 12 2012 Retrieved February 18 2014 New Hampshire Economy at a Glance www bls gov Archived from the original on April 18 2019 Retrieved June 18 2019 Firms by Size Data amp Statistics Data and Analysis Economic amp Labor Market Information Bureau ELMI NH Employment Security www nhes nh gov Archived from the original on May 3 2017 Retrieved June 18 2019 a b New Hampshire Community Profiles Data and Analysis Economic amp Labor Market Information Bureau ELMI NH Employment Security www nhes nh gov Archived from the original on November 10 2018 Retrieved June 18 2019 State of New Hampshire Monthly Revenue Focus FY 2005 PDF NH Department of Administrative Services Archived from the original PDF on August 11 2011 Retrieved February 3 2016 House Fast Fact New Hampshire House of Representatives Gencourt state nh us New Hampshire General Court Archived from the original on August 15 2007 Retrieved July 31 2010 Cunningham Geoff Why run for N H Legislature It s not for 100 fame or a license plate fosters com Foster s Daily Democrat Retrieved April 12 2021 Frank L Kluckhohn NEW ENGLAND New Hampshire Is Cautious on New Expenses and Taxes The New York Times May 25 1947 Accessed March 17 2021 AP New Hampshire Taxes Low The New York Times November 21 1972 Accessed March 17 2021 Independents Become Largest Voting Bloc in New Hampshire PBS Archived from the original on September 8 2008 Retrieved December 29 2008 Voting in New Hampshire NH Secretary of State February 1 2022 Retrieved March 11 2022 CBS s Face the Nation Saint Anselm College November 13 2008 Archived from the original on November 13 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Education Timeline PDF New Hampshire Historical Society Archived from the original PDF on February 25 2009 Retrieved January 28 2009 The IQ Trapper V weiss de Volkmar Weiss May 30 2009 Archived from the original on April 17 2010 Retrieved July 31 2010 ManchesterInkLink com Manchester Ink Link Archived from the original on December 1 2016 Retrieved December 9 2016 NHLiving com New Hampshire Living Archived from the original on January 24 2016 Retrieved February 3 2016 NH Rocks Connecting You with Things to Do in New Hampshire NH Rocks Retrieved June 22 2020 NH Roots Connecting You with Things to Do in New Hampshire NH Roots Retrieved May 11 2022 Fantino John A July 20 2008 Vermont breaks through Burlington Free Press The New England Summer Theater Six of the Oldest May 27 2017 Archived from the original on February 21 2019 Retrieved February 20 2019 Bureau of Trails nhstateparks org NH Division of Parks and Recreation Archived from the original on February 5 2016 Retrieved February 3 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Libraryhistorybuff org The Library History Buff Archived from the original on July 14 2010 Retrieved July 31 2010 History St Mary s Bank Archived from the original on February 8 2016 Retrieved February 3 2016 Nowers E August 25 2007 League of New Hampshire Craftsmen s Fair nhcrafts org League of N H Craftsmen Archived from the original on October 13 2007 Retrieved November 9 2007 40 Years of Recycling nottingham nh gov Town of Nottingham New Hampshire Retrieved December 25 2020 Sending a bright signal Concord Monitor pg B 6 May 18 1996 Wang Beverley April 26 2007 State Senate approves civil unions for same sex couples Concord Monitor Archived from the original on November 3 2007 Retrieved April 26 2007 Further reading EditSletcher Michael 2004 New England Westport CT Greenwood Press ISBN 978 0 313 32753 7 Land Use in Cornish N H a 2006 documentary presentation by James M Patterson of the Valley News depicts various aspects of the societal and cultural environment of northern New Hampshire External links EditNew Hampshire at Wikipedia s sister projects Definitions from Wiktionary Media from Commons News from Wikinews Quotations from Wikiquote Texts from Wikisource Textbooks from Wikibooks Travel information from Wikivoyage Resources from Wikiversity State government Edit Official website New Hampshire Almanac Visitnh gov New Hampshire Office of Travel and Tourism DevelopmentU S Government Edit New Hampshire State Guide from the Library of Congress Energy Facts for New Hampshire New Hampshire State Facts USDA Economic Research Service USGS real time geographic and other scientific resources of New HampshireOther Edit Internet Movie Database listing of films shot in the state New Hampshire Historical Society New Hampshire at Curlie Geographic data related to New Hampshire at OpenStreetMap Preceded bySouth Carolina List of U S states by date of admission to the UnionRatified Constitution on June 21 1788 9th Succeeded byVirginiaPortals New England United States Coordinates 43 30 N 71 30 W 43 5 N 71 5 W 43 5 71 5 State of New Hampshire Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title New Hampshire amp oldid 1133377898, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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