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Siege of Derry

Coordinates: 54°59′38″N 7°19′34″W / 54.994°N 7.326°W / 54.994; -7.326

The siege of Derry in 1689 was the first major event in the Williamite War in Ireland. The siege was preceded by an attempt against the town by Jacobite forces on 7 December 1688 that was foiled when 13 apprentices shut the gates. This was an act of rebellion against James II.

Siege of Derry
Part of the Williamite War

Cannons on the walls of Derry
Date18 April – 1 August 1689
Location
Result

Williamite victory

  • City relieved by Royal Navy ships
Belligerents
Williamites Jacobites
France
Commanders and leaders
Henry Baker
Adam Murray
George Walker
John Mitchelburne
King James II (exiled)
Richard Hamilton
Conrad de Rosen
Strength
~8,000 ~21,000
Casualties and losses
4,000 killed (mostly by disease) or wounded

The second attempt began on 18 April 1689 when James himself appeared before the walls with an Irish army led by Jacobite and French officers. The town was summoned to surrender but refused. The siege began. The besiegers tried to storm the walls, but failed. They then resorted to starving Derry. They raised the siege and left when supply ships broke through to the town. The siege lasted 105 days from 18 April to 1 August 1689. It is commemorated yearly by the Protestant community.

Introduction

The "Glorious Revolution" overthrew James II, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland and replaced him with William of Orange, who landed in England on 5 November 1688. James fled to France in December. Louis XIV, King of France, received James well because he needed him and his supporters, the Jacobites, as allies in the Nine Years' War, which he had just started by investing Philippsburg on 27 September and declaring war on the Dutch Republic on 6/16 November.[a] On 7 May 1689, Williamite England declared war on France, quite belatedly, as French officers and experts had already been fighting William's troops at Derry before that time. This siege is part of the Williamite War in Ireland, which in turn is a side-show of the Nine Years' War.

In Scotland, the privy council asked William to assume responsibility for the government in January 1689, and William and Mary were formally offered the Scottish throne in March. However, many Scottish people, especially among the Highland clans, had sympathies for the Jacobite cause.

Ireland, however, was still ruled by Richard Talbot, Earl of Tyrconnell, whom James had appointed viceroy (i.e. Lord Deputy) in 1687. Tyrconnell was from an Old English (Norman) Catholic family. He had re-admitted Catholics to the Irish Parliament and public office, and had replaced Protestant officers with Catholic ones in the army. Tyrconnell, and Irish Catholics in general, stayed loyal to James and many Irish Protestants hesitated to declare themselves openly for William. Tyrconnell took action against those who did, and by November 1688 only the Protestants of Ulster were still resisting. Two Ulster towns, Enniskillen and Derry, were to become the focal points of the first stage of the Williamite war.

Louis XIV had revoked the Edict of Nantes in 1685, which resulted in Huguenots fleeing to northern Europe and rekindled fears of persecution in Protestant communities.[1]

Apprentice boys

When the Dutch invasion threatened, James doubted the loyalty of his English troops. He therefore asked Tyrconnell to send him reliable Irish ones. These units sailed to Chester in September and early October 1688.[2] To replace them Tyrconnell ordered four new regiments to be raised, one for each Irish province. He ordered Alexander MacDonnell, Earl of Antrim, a Catholic nobleman of Scottish origin, to raise the Ulster regiment. MacDonnell, already in his seventies, hired 1,200 Scottish mercenaries (called redshanks), making sure they were all Catholics. The unit was supposed to be ready on 20 November,[3] but delays occurred.

At that time Tyrconnell's recast of the Irish army had advanced so far that few units still had significant numbers of Protestants. One of those was the regiment of Viscount Mountjoy, a Protestant loyal to James. This unit was in garrison at Derry. Tyrconnell considered Mountjoy's regiment unreliable and on 23 November ordered it to march to Dublin.[4] Mountjoy's regiment was to be replaced by MacDonnell's,[5] which was not ready so that Derry was left without a garrison.

When MacDonnell finally got his troops on the way, he met Colonel George Philips at Newtown Limavady, who immediately sent a messenger to Derry to warn the city.[6] On 7 December, with MacDonnell's regiment ready to cross the Foyle River under Derry's Ferryquay Gate, 13 apprentices seized the city's keys and locked the gates.[7][8] With this act Derry was in open rebellion against Tyrconnell and his master James II, who was already in exile in France at that time. MacDonnell was not strong enough to take the town by force and retreated to Coleraine.

Interlude

Later generations have sometimes seen the shutting of the gates by the apprentices as the start of the siege. In reality, six peaceful months passed between the apprentices' action (7 December) and the start of the siege (18 June 1689). In a similar way Robert Lundy's blunders, flight, and supposed treachery (see further down) are often telescoped into the days of the apprentices' action, while in reality, they fell into the lead-up to the siege in June 1689.

On 9 December Philips came into town. As he had been governor of Derry and Fort Culmore under Charles I,[9] the citizens gave him the keys and accepted him as de facto governor. When Tyrconnell heard that MacDonnell had been kept out of Derry, he stopped Mountjoy on his march to Dublin and sent him back. On 21 December Mountjoy reached Derry. He struck a deal with the city, according to which two of his companies, consisting entirely of Protestants, would be allowed into town.[10] The one was commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Robert Lundy, the other by Captain William Stewart.[b]

Mountjoy appointed Lundy governor of the town in stead of Philips. On 20 February the inhabitants sided with William by proclaiming him king of England.[11] Lundy had the walls and the gates repaired, refitted gun carriages and musket stocks, removed buildings and other obstacles that might provide cover to besiegers from before the walls, purchased powder, cannonballs and matchlocks.[12]

Tyrconnell upscaled his efforts to bring Ulster back under control, and on 8 March he sent Lieutenant-General Richard Hamilton with an army of 2500 from Drogheda into Ulster.[13] On 14 March Hamilton defeated the Protestant Army of the North at the Break of Dromore in County Down.

In the meantime, on 12 March,[14][c] James had landed at Kinsale (on Ireland's south coast) with a French fleet of 30 men-of-war commanded by Jean Gabaret.[15] He was accompanied by d'Avaux, the French ambassador, many English and Irish exiles, and about a hundred French officers. He brought with him money and equipment, but few troops.[16][17] French troops were needed on the continent for the Nine Years' War and were not considered necessary in Ireland as Tyrconnell had already raised a large army and only lacked equipment and the money to pay the men.

At Kinsale, James was received by Donogh MacCarthy, 4th Earl of Clancarty, in his house there.[18] We will meet him again at Derry. From Kinsale James proceeded to Cork where he met Tyrconnell. He left Cork on 20 March[19] and entered Dublin on Palm Sunday 24. He took up quarters in the castle and established his council on which sat d'Avaux, Tyrconnell, John Drummond, Earl of Melfort, and Conrad de Rosen.

Hearing of James's arrival, Derry prepared to defend itself. On 20 or 21 March Captain James Hamilton[20] arrived from England with the frigate HMS Jersey and the merchantman Deliverance,[21] bringing gunpowder, munition, weapons, and £595 in cash.[22] James Hamilton was a nephew of Richard Hamilton but fought on the other side.[23] These provisions were to be crucial during the siege. He also brought the commission from King William and Queen Mary that confirmed Colonel Lundy as the town's Williamite governor.[24] Lundy swore the oath of allegiance to William in the cabin of the Jersey. The town committee decided to build a ravelin in front of the Bishops Gate,[25] possibly using some of the money brought by Captain Hamilton.

 
The wall at the Royal Bastion in 2009. Note the plinth of Walker's Pillar on the bastion.

Siege

Tyrconnell and James decided to bring Derry back under their control. On 2 or 3 April Major-General Jean Camus, Marquis de Pusignan,[26][27] marched north with five regiments of foot. This brought the number of troops in the north to about 12000.[28] James followed on 8 April, accompanied by d'Avaux and Melfort.[29]

The passes

On 13 April cavalry forming part of the Jacobite vanguard was reported approaching Derry. Lundy called a council of war that decided to defend a line along the River Finn, SW of Derry, near Strabane. Passes over the river at Castlefin, Clady, Long Causeway, and Lifford were manned. On 15 April, this line was attacked by the cavalry vanguards of the two Jacobite armies, Hamilton's, which had come from Coleraine, and Rosen's, which had come from Dublin via Charlemont.[30] Hamilton's cavalry attacked on the Jacobites' left wing at Castlefinn and Clady. At Castlefinn they were repulsed by Colonel Skeffington's Regiment, commanded by John Mitchelburne,[31] but at Clady the cavalry under Richard Hamilton and Berwick swam through the river and routed the defenders.[32] This has been called the Battle of Cladyford. The Long Causeway was not attacked.[33] Rosen's cavalry attacked on the right wing, at Lifford where Jacques de Fontanges, comte de Maumont[34] crossed the river at the head of his cavalry and broke through the defences.[35]

Lundy's blunder

In the meantime, the English sent reinforcements to Derry. On the very day of the defeat at the Passes, on 15 April, Colonel Cunningham and Colonel Richards arrived on Lough Foyle with the frigate HMS Swallow, commanded by Captain Wolfran Cornewall, and nine transport ships carrying two regiments, altogether about 1600 men.[36] Cunningham, who was in charge, had been instructed to take his orders from Lundy, the governor. Lundy, disheartened by his defeat at the Passes, was convinced that the town was lost. On 16 April Lundy held a council of war with Cunningham and Richards from which he excluded most of the local commanders. He proposed the troops should not land and the town should be abandoned pretending that there were insufficient provisions to defend it.[37]

The proposal was accepted by all present. Lundy kept this resolution secret, but the people in town could see that many of the gentry and officers that had been present in the council prepared to leave and went down to the river to board the ships. Cunningham's fleet waited for Lundy still on 17 April but then left, apparently without him. The ships stopped over at Greencastle on 18 April and sailed for England on 19 April.[38] Finally, Lundy left the city disguised as an ordinary soldier and took a ship to Scotland.

Under the walls

Having broken through the passes, Hamilton reached Derry on 18 April and summoned the city to surrender. The defenders asked for a delay of two days before a parley. They also insisted that the Jacobite army should halt at St Johnston and not come nearer. However, when King James joined up with the army, Rosen suggested the King should appeal directly to his subjects in the town: they would surely submit to their King. The effect was the contrary. The men on the wall seeing him approach interpreted this act as a breach of their agreement with Hamilton and when James and his retinue rode up to within 300 yards of Bishops Gate and summoned the city, cannons were fired at them.[39]

According to a later account, he was rebuffed with shouts of "No surrender!" and one of the king's aides-de-camp was killed by a shot from the city's largest cannon, the "Roaring Meg".[40] James would ask thrice more, but was refused each time.

That same day Adam Murray reached the town. He and his cavalry unit had been part of the Protestant Army of the North and had fought at the passes. He came from Culmore along the river, broke through the still quite loose ring formed by the besiegers around the town, and reached Shipquay Gate, which Captain Morrison opened for him.

On 19 April the town council appointed Henry Baker governor of Derry.[41] Baker put George Walker in charge of the stores.

On 20 April King James sent Claud Hamilton, 4th Earl of Abercorn, with a last proposal to the walls. Murray talked with him and rejected it.[42][43][d] James returned to Dublin with Rosen and left the forces before Derry under Maumont's command. However, Richard Hamilton also stayed and was of equal rank. Both had been promoted Lieutenant-General quite recently. Frictions sometimes arose between the Irish and the French officers about who was in command.

 
View of Derry during the siege. The Bishops Gate with its drawbridge is in the centre. Note the newly built ravelin before it.

On 21 April the besieged, led by Murray, sallied and killed Maumont.[44][45] This has also been called the Battle of Pennyburn. Command devolved to Richard Hamilton. On 23 April Fort Culmore, which guarded the mouth of River Foyle, surrendered to the Jacobites.[46] During another sally, on 25 April, the Duke of Berwick and Bernard Desjean, Baron de Pointis, were wounded and Pusignan killed.[47]

On 6 May Brigadier-General Ramsay attacked the Windmill Hill before the Bishops Gate and drove out the sentinels posted there by the besieged,[48] but Baker knew the importance of this position and on the next day, the besieged sallied from the Ferryquay Gate and retook Windmill Hill. Ramsay was killed and other officers were taken prisoners.[49] Among them were William Talbot, a nephew of the viceroy, Viscount Netterville and Gerald FitzGerald, Knight of Glin.[50] Baker built a line of earthworks from the river up to Windmill Hill and back through the Bog to the river downstream of the town.

On 7 May Williamite England formally declared war on France. This officially sanctioned what was already happening around Derry since 18 April. Two French generals, Maumont and Pusignan, had already been killed in the siege. France never declared war on England as they saw James as the rightful king and the Williamites as mere rebels.

On 11 May a French fleet landed more equipment and troops at Bantry Bay in southwestern Ireland and fought the battle of Bantry Bay against an English fleet. The battle was inconclusive, but the French seemed to have had the advantage.

 
Map of the River Foyle from Derry (left) to Culmore (right) with the boom in the centre

On 30 May the besiegers received heavy guns and mortars. Before that date they only had field artillery.[51] Matthew Plunkett, 7th Baron Louth, and de Pointis were in charge of the mortars, which were placed on the right bank of the river where no sally could reach them. The mortars fired almost 600 explosive shells into the town.[52]

About this time disease and hunger took hold within the city. It became evident that the town needed to be relieved. William gave that task to Major-General Percy Kirke, who decided to first explore the mouth of River Foyle to find out whether ships could get through to Derry. He sent the engineer Jacob Richards, son of Solomon Richards, mentioned earlier, with the small (sixth-rate) frigate HMS Greyhound and two ketches. They sailed from Hoylake on 13 May and explored the mouth of River Foyle on 8 June.[53] However, Greyhound ran aground near Fort Culmore and was damaged by cannon shot[54] before she got afloat, escaped and after some makeshift repairs limped back to Greenock in Scotland to refit. Observations and information obtained from the inhabitants confirmed that the besiegers had placed a boom across the river. Indeed, on 3 June, the besiegers, led by de Pointis, had placed a boom across the River Foyle about halfway between Derry and Culmore.[55]

On 17 May Major-General Percy Kirke sailed from Liverpool[56] with three men-of-war (HMS Swallow, HMS Bonaventure, and HMS Dartmouth) and 24 transport ships. The fleet carried four regiments (about 3000 men: Kirke's own, Sir John Hanmer's, William Stewart's and St George's). The last two were the regiments that should have landed with Cunningham. The convoy arrived in Lough Foyle early in June. The besieged saw it from the cathedral tower on the 13th.[57]

Kirke thought that he had too few troops to challenge the besiegers in battle and the incident with the Greyhound seemed to show that it was too risky to approach the town by the river.[58]

On 4 June Richard Hamilton ordered to storm the town. The Jacobites attacked the line of earthworks and passed over them in some places but were finally beaten back.[59]

In order to accelerate the siege, James sent Rosen to Derry, who arrived on the scene at some time between 17 and 24 June.[60][61] Rosen brought with him the regiment FitzGerald from Trim.[62] On 21 June Berwick was sent south with a detachment to keep the Enniskilleners away. Rosen intensified the bombardment and had a mine dug under a bastion.

On 28 June Clancarty came up from Munster to Derry with his regiment and led a daring night attack against the Butcher's Gate immediately on the evening of his arrival.[63] The besieged were surprised and the attackers succeeded to come up against the gate and touch it but were eventually thrown back.

At the beginning of June, Governor Baker fell ill and on 21 June a council was held to choose a successor. Baker was consulted and chose John Mitchelburne. On 30 June Baker died and Mitchelburne became governor of Derry.[64]

 
HMS Dartmouth fires at shore batteries while Mountjoy rams through the boom.

On 2 July Rosen herded Protestants from the surroundings to under the wall. The besieged responded by threatening to kill prisoners. Hamilton reported this event to James, who disagreed with Rosen's measure and called him a "barbarious Muscovite".[65]

Relief

Frederick de Schomberg, having been appointed commander-in-chief by William, ordered Kirke to attack the boom.[66] Thereupon, on 28 July, Kirke sent four ships to the mouth of the River Foyle to try to bring food into Derry. These were HMS Dartmouth and three merchant ships: Mountjoy from Derry, Phoenix from Coleraine, and Jerusalem.[67] Dartmouth, under Captain John Leake, engaged the shore batteries, while Mountjoy, commanded by her Master Michael Browning, rammed and breached the boom, whereupon Mountjoy and Phoenix sailed up to Derry, unloading many tons of food.[68] Seeing that he could no longer starve out Derry and not having enough troops to storm the town, Rosen decided to raise the siege. On 1 August the besieged discovered that the enemy was gone.[69] On 3 August Kirke reported the raising of the siege to London.[70] On 31 July another Jacobite army had been defeated at Newtownbutler by the Enniskilleners.

 
A memorial plaque on a wall showing a sailing ship over some text. The Michael Browning Memorial Plaque on Derry's wall

The city had endured 105 days of siege, from 18 April to 1 August. Some 4,000 of its garrison of 8,000 are said to have died during this siege.

Timeline
The dates listed below are all in old style, but some of the dates in the citations may be New Style.
1688, 7 Dec Shutting of the gates[8]
1688, late Dec Viscount Mountjoy appointed Lundy governor of Derry.
1689, 12 Mar King James II landed at Kinsale.[14]
1689, 20 Mar Captain James Hamilton brought provisions.[24]
1689, 15 Apr The Jacobites forced the passage of the River Finn.[30]
1689, 18 Apr King James before the Bishops Gate; the siege began.
1689, 19 Apr Baker appointed governor.[71]
1689, 21 Apr Maumont killed.[44]
1689, 23 Apr Fort Culmore surrendered.[46]
1689, 6 May Ramsay killed at the Windmill Hill.[49]
1689, 30 May Siege guns arrived and the bombardment started.[51]
1689, 3 Jun Boom placed across the river.[55][e]
1689, 8 Jun HMS Greyhound explored the mouth of River Foyle.[54]
1689, 13 Jun Major General Kirke's fleet arrived in Lough Foyle.[57]
1689, 2nd ½ of Jun Rosen arrived before Derry.[61]
1689, 28 Jun Clancarty attacked the Butcher's Gate.[63]
1689, 30 Jun Governor Baker died and was succeeded by Mitchelburne.[64]
1689, 2 Jul Rosen herded Protestant civilians to the walls.[65]
1689, 29 Jul Ships broke through to the town.[67]
1689, 1 Aug The Jacobites abandoned the siege and retreated southwards.

Commemorations

The Siege of Derry, like the Battle of the Boyne, is part of Northern Irish Protestant folklore.[72][73] The siege is commemorated by two parades: the Shutting-of-the-Gates Parade and the Relief-of-Derry Parade.

 
A view of Derry in the 19th century. Walker's Pillar figures prominently in the centre.[74]

The shutting of the gates by 13 apprentices, which happened on 7 December 1688, is commemorated each year on the first Saturday of December, dubbed "Lundy's Day". The commemoration is organised by the Apprentice Boys of Derry, a Protestant association. The day usually starts with the firing of one and then three cannon shots, meaning 13, from the walls at midnight on Friday. Then follows the ceremony of the touching of the four original gates: Bishops Gate, Butchers Gate, Shipquay Gate, and Ferryquay Gate. On Saturday, first the members of the Apprentice Boys clubs domiciled outside the walls march to the Apprentice Boys Memorial Hall. Then the assembled members march through the city from the Hall to St Columb's Cathedral where a thanks-giving service is held. After the service, a wreath is laid at the Siege Heroes Mound in the cathedral grounds. Finally, Lundy is burned in effigy as a traitor.[75]

The end of the siege, which is taken to have happened on 1 August 1689, old style, when the besieged discovered that the besiegers had left, is celebrated by the Relief of Derry parade, usually held on the second Saturday of August. This day is chosen because it usually is near 11 August, which is the New Style equivalent of 1 August. This parade is one of the events of the week-long Maiden City Festival. On 1 August 1714, Mitchelburne hoisted a crimson flag on the steeple of St Columb's Cathedral to mark the anniversary of the relief of the city, a practice that continued for many years.[76] 1969 a confrontation between Protestants and Catholics during the Relief of Derry parade started the Battle of the Bogside, but recent parades have been largely peaceful.

Walker's Pillar was a monument to Reverend George Walker. It was built from 1826–1828 on the Royal Bastion. The monument consisted of a column crowned by a statue of the famous man. On the night of 27 August 1973, it was blown up by the Provisional IRA.[77] The plinth remains.

The Browning Memorial Plaque is affixed to the city wall on Guildhall Square. It commemorates Michael (or Micaiah) Browning, the Master of the Mountjoy. The top shows his ship, the Mountjoy. The inscription below cites the passage describing his death in Macaulay's History of England, which calls his: the most enviable of all deaths.[78]

The popular song "Derry's Walls" commemorates the siege. The author is unknown. The chorus reads:

We'll fight and don't surrender
But come when duty calls,
With heart and hand and sword and shield
We'll guard old Derry's Walls.

Notes and references

Notes

  1. ^ During the period covered in this article, England, Scotland and Ireland used the Julian Calendar (i.e. Old Style), whereas France and the Netherlands used the Gregorian calendar (i.e. New Style). The difference was 10 days at the time. See Old Style and New Style dates.
  2. ^ William Stewart was the grandfather of the first Marquess of Londonderry.
  3. ^ Most authors agree that James landed on 12 March, but FitzJames, the James FitzJames, Duke of Berwick, gives this date as 17 March.
  4. ^ The Earl of Abercorn also was Baron Hamilton of Strabane and owned much land around that town.
  5. ^ The dates in the Gazette de France are New Style.

Citations

  1. ^ Puaux 1911, p. 867. "... on the 18th of October 1685 he pronounced its revocation ... France, which in the course of a few years lost 400,000 of its inhabitants ..."
  2. ^ Childs 2007, p. 3, line 14. "To strengthen his forces in the face of the Dutch threat, James ordered the better elements of the Irish Army into England. One regiment of dragoons, a battalion of Foot Guards, and Anthony Hamilton's and Lord Forbes's battalions of line infantry, a total of 2,964 men, sailed to Chester during September and early October."
  3. ^ Childs 2007, p. 3, line 19. "The latter unit, commanded by Alexander McDonnell, Third Earl of Antrim, was intended to enter the field by 20 November."
  4. ^ Childs 2007, p. 3, line 23. "Tyrconnell, on the other hand, did not want an unreliable battalion in such a key post so, on 23 November, he ordered it to England via Dublin."
  5. ^ Macaulay 1855, p. 143, bottom. "a regiment of twelve hundred Papists commanded by a Papist, Alexander Macdonnell, Earl of Antrim, had received orders from the Lord Deputy to occupy Londonderry."
  6. ^ Bagwell 1896, p. 174, right column, top. "Lord MacDonnell's regiment of highlanders and Irish appeared at Newtown Limavady on 6 Dec. and Philips at once wrote to Alderman Norman to put the people of Londonderry on their guard."
  7. ^ Macaulay 1855, p. 145. "seized the keys of the city, rushed to the Ferryquay Gate, closed it in the face of the King's officers, and let down the portcullis."
  8. ^ a b Joyce 1903, p. 213. "Lord MacDonnell marched to take possession of Derry; but while the aldermen and magistrates were hesitating, a few of the bolder young apprentices seizing the keys, locked the town gates on the 7th of December, and shut out MacDonnell and his Jacobite forces."
  9. ^ Bagwell 1896, p. 174, left column, bottom. "From June 1681 to September 1684 he was governor of Culmore Fort"
  10. ^ Witherow 1879, p. 199. "in pursuance of an arrangement with Mountjoy of the 21st of December, the citizens of Derry had admitted a part of his regiment to garrison their town."
  11. ^ Boulger 1911, p. 90. "On February 20, 1689, the people of Derry, having got rid of the Catholics in the garrison and town, proclaimed the Prince of Orange as King William."
  12. ^ Apprentice Boys: Is Robert Lundy much maligned?, The Belfast News Letter, 31 January 2013
  13. ^ Chichester 1890, p. 204, left column. "Tyrconnell despatched Hamilton with 2,500 troops to make head against the Ulstermen and the news of his having driven them back from Dromore to Coleraine greeted James on his entry into Dublin on the 24 March 1689."
  14. ^ a b Witherow 1879, p. 55, line 21. "On Tuesday the 12th of March, King James arrived at Kinsale from France ..."
  15. ^ FitzJames 1778, p. 47. "une escadre de trente vaisseaux de guerre, commandés par M. de Gabaret." ... "nous arrivâmes à Kingsale le 17 Mars."
  16. ^ Witherow 1879, p. 55, line 22. "... but contrary to the expectations that the Irish had formed, he was accompanied by only eighteen hundred men; by some accounts, still less."
  17. ^ Anonymous 1689, p. 26 higher. "King James landed at Kingsale on Tuesday, March 12 ..."
  18. ^ Seccombe 1893, p. 437. "When James II landed in Kinsale in 1689, Clancarty received him in his house there ..."
  19. ^ Anonymous 1689, p. 26 lower. "on Wednesday the 20th set out from thence,"
  20. ^ Wills 1841, p. 328, line 10. "James Hamilton afterwards Earl of Abercorn, who brought to its [i.e. Derry] relief from England a quantity of arms and ammunition, with five thousand pounds in money."
  21. ^ Childs 2007, p. 61. "HMS Jersey (captain John Beverley RN) and the merchantman Deliverance entered Lough Foyle on 21 March "...
  22. ^ Witherow 1879, p. 75. "On the same day, the 21st of March, Captain James Hamilton arrived from England, bringing with him 8000 stand of arms for the garrison, 480 barrels of powder, and £595 in money;"
  23. ^ MacGeoghegan 1763, p. 738. "Le capitaine Jacques Hamilton.... [footnote](a) il étoit neveu de Richard Hamilton, qui commandoit ce siége pour le roi ..."
  24. ^ a b Walker 1893, p. 14"March 20. Captain James Hamilton arrived from England, with Ammunitions and Arms, 480 Barrels of Powder, and Arms for 2000 men, and a Commission from the King and Queen for Col. Lundy to be Governour of the City ..."
  25. ^ Mackenzie 1690, p. 18, right column. "Wednesday 20th [March 1689]. It was order'd by the Committee of Derry that a Ravelin should be built to defend the Bishops Gate ..."
  26. ^ La Chesnaye des Bois 1771, p. 457, line 30. "Jean Camus, son fils aîné, Marquis de Pusignan, Lieutenant-général des armées du Roi, fut tué à la tête du Régiment de Languedoc en 1689."
  27. ^ Lainé 1818, p. 127. "La seigneurie de Pusignan, en Dauphiné, érigé en marquisat en novembre 1678 en faveur de N... Chauderon, lieutenant-général de Fauconnerie, échut par sa mort à Géneviève Chauderon, sa soeur, qui avait épousé Imbert Camus, seigneur de Bayols, qui du chef de sa femme devint marquis de Pusignan."
  28. ^ Macpherson 1775, p. 178. "which made in all, with the other troops that were already in the North, eleven thousand nine hundred and seventy-eight-foot"
  29. ^ Macpherson 1775, p. 181. "He parted from Dublin the 8th day of April,"
  30. ^ a b Wauchope 2004, p. 889. "At the battle of the Fords (15 April) de Rosen and Hamilton made separate attacks on Lundy's positions on the rivers Finn and Foyle and forced Lundy's troops back to the city."
  31. ^ Doherty 2008, p. 66, bottom. "Colonel Skeffington's Regiment, now commanded by Mitchelburne, stopped a Jacobite party that tried to ford the river near Castlefinn, some miles beyond Clady, driving them back with many casualties."
  32. ^ FitzJames 1778, p. 47. "De là nous marchâmes, le 15 Avril, au pont de Clady, sur la rivière de Strabane, dont les Rebelles, au nombre de dix mille, vouloient défendre le passage ..."
  33. ^ Witherow 1879, p. 92. "At the Long-Causeway, Colonel Francis Hamilton rallied the troops, but the Irish did not come that way."
  34. ^ Bouillet 1848, p. 82. "Cette branche a produit Jacques de Fontanges, comte de Maumont, lieutenant-général des armées."
  35. ^ Doherty 2008, p. 66, middle. "Rosen recorded that Maumont was the first to enter the river."
  36. ^ Witherow 1879, p. 93. "Colonel Cunningham and Colonel Richards arrived in Lough Foyle from England, with nine ships and a man of war, conveying two regiments, consisting of 1600 men."
  37. ^ "Irish Affairs: Defence of Londonderry". House of Commons Journal. No. 12. 12 August 1689. Colonel Lundie was the first Man that spoke at this Council of War and made a Proposition to quit the Town and to send the Two Regiments Back again; alleging, for his Reason, That there was not above a Week or Ten Days Provisions left in the Town, ...
  38. ^ Witherow 1879, p. 105. "The ships, after lingering in the Lough to pick up such officers and gentlemen as chose to desert, fell down to Greencastle on the 18th, and on the morning of the 19th set sail for England."
  39. ^ O'Kelly 1850, p. 33. "but he was little surprized when, instead of Submission, they shott a Shower of Arrows against him, which wounded Some of his Attendants, and it was not then doubted but they aimed chiefly at his royall Person."
  40. ^ "Siege of Londonderry in 1688". Gentleman's Magazine. No. volume 96. London: John Nichols & Son. 1826. p. 606.
  41. ^ Childs 2007, p. 85. "... on 19 April the remodelled town council offered the position to Major Henry Baker ..."
  42. ^ Witherow 1879, p. 114. "As a last resort the King sent the Earl of Abercorn with new terms and proposals, and Colonel Murray, at his request had a conference with him outside the walls."
  43. ^ Graham 1829, p. 107, line 18. "At the same time Lord Strabane approached the walls, a great proportion of whose defenders were his tenants, and offered the King's pardon, protection and favour ... "
  44. ^ a b Walker 1893, p. 21. "... they killed above 200 of the Enemies Souldiers, besides Mamow the French General ..."
  45. ^ Gazette de France 1689, p. 236, line 11. "Le sieur de Maumont, Capitaine aux Gardes, Lieutenant Genéral en Irlande a esté tüé au siége de Londonderry."
  46. ^ a b Graham 1829, p. 107. "In the evening he proceeded to Strabane where he received a deputation, offering a surrender of Culmore Fort, which he accepted, and in consequence of which, General Hamilton was put in possession of it a few days afterwards."
  47. ^ Gazette de France 1689, p. 286, line 25. "On écrit du camp devant Londonderry, que le 5 de ce mois, le sieur Richard Hamilton Lieutenant-Général, estant allé reconnoistre la place avec pluspart des officiers généraux, les assiegez sortirent au nombre de plus de deux mille cinq cent hommes & escharmouchérent longtemps ... le Duc de Barwick et le sieur de Pointis y furent blessés ... Le sieur de Puisignan Marechal de Camp recut un coup de mousquet au travers du corps dont il mourut"
  48. ^ Childs 2007, p. 99. "Before Derry, on the night of 5–6 May Brigadier Ramsay drove the guards out of a small earthwork built during Lundy's governorship and occupied Windmill Hill."
  49. ^ a b Witherow 1879, p. 128. "Brigadier Ramsay, in an attempt to rally his men and bring them up again to renew the encounter, was slain."
  50. ^ Macpherson 1775, p. 202, footnote. "... brigadier Talbot, formerly called Wicked Will, and nephew to Tyrconnell, taken, and dead and buried this day [26 June 1689 of his wounds."
  51. ^ a b Macpherson 1775, p. 200 top. "The great guns and mortars arrived not at the camp, till the thirtieth of May, and till then little was done against the town, except beating them back when they ventured to sally with what guns we had upon them ..."
  52. ^ Witherow 1879, p. 138. "from the 2nd of June the large shells began to come, and then, when the supply of these seemed exhausted, about the first week of July, the besiegers returned to the small shells again. Between the 24th of April and the 22nd of July they cast into the city 587 bombs, of which 326 were small and 261 were large."
  53. ^ Childs 2007, p. 113. "a reconnaissance expedition left Hoylake on 13 May comprising HMS Greyhound (sixth rate, Captain Gwillam), HMS Kingfisher (ketch, Captain Edward Boyce) and a merchant ketch, the Edward and James (Master Mr Meers)."
  54. ^ a b Macpherson 1775, p. 200 bottom. "The English on the eight of June sent a small frigate, the Grayhound"
  55. ^ a b Gazette de France 1689, p. 352. "On a eu avis du camp devant Londonderry du 13 du mois dernier, que les assiegants avoient fait une estacade à l'endroit le plus étroit de la rivière ..."
  56. ^ Witherow 1879, p. 141, line 11. "They set sail from Liverpool on the 17th of May; but were delayed by contrary winds."
  57. ^ a b Witherow 1879, p. 141, line 26. "Again, on the 13th of June, from the tower of the cathedral, a fleet of ships was seen on the Lough;"
  58. ^ Gazette de France 1689, p. 374. "Le Major Genéral Kirk a écrit du lac de Londonderry, qu'il avoit trouvé les Irlandais si bien retranchez sur les deux bords de la rivière, où ils avoient dressés deux bateries de vingt quatre livres de balle pour défendre les estacades qui la traversent qu'il lui avoit esté impossible de forcer le passage. Que comme les troupes qu'il commande n'estoient pas assez nombreuses pour faire le débarquement, il n'avoit osé le tenter de peur de les trop exposer."
  59. ^ Wauchope 2004, p. 889. "... the humiliating failure of his two attacks on Windmill Hill (6 May and 4 June) ..."
  60. ^ Macpherson 1775, p. 201. "The mareschal de Rosen arrived in the camp before Derry the 17th,"
  61. ^ a b Walker 1893, p. 29. "June 24. or thereabout, Conrad de Rosen, Marshall General of the Irish Forces, is received into the Enemies Camp"
  62. ^ Hogan 1958, p. 37. "... le regiment Fitzgerald, que j'avois pris avec moy, après qu'on luy a eu fourny des armes pour le nombre d'hommes complet dont il estoit composé."
  63. ^ a b Witherow 1879, p. 152. "At ten o'clock on the night of his arrival, the young boy, warmed it was said with liquor as well as with valour, crossed the Bog at the head of his men, and attacked the outworks at Butcher's Gate."
  64. ^ a b Witherow 1879, p. 149. "He [Baker] died about a week after, on the 30th of June, and Mitchelburn then took his place as military governor ..."
  65. ^ a b Witherow 1879, p. 164. "... none but a barbarious Muscovite could have thought of so cruel a contrivance."
  66. ^ Macaulay 1855, p. 235. "Just at this time Kirke received a despatch from England, which contained positive orders that Londonderry should be relieved. He accordingly determined to make an attempt which, as far as it appears, he might have made, with at least an equally fair prospect of success, six weeks earlier."[A note explains this as follows:] "This despatch which positively commanded Kirke to attack the boom, was signed by Schomberg, who had already been appointed commander in chief of all the English forces in Ireland. A copy of it is among the Nairne MSS in the Bodleian Library."
  67. ^ a b Witherow 1879, p. 181. "That day orders were issued by Kirke from aboard the Swallow that three small vessels laden with provisions, under the protection of the Dartmouth, man-of-war frigate, should attempt the passage of the river. The Dartmouth, commanded by Captain Leake, had been ordered round from Carrickfergus for this service; The victuallers were the Mountjoy, of Derry, Capt. Micaiah Browning, a native of the city; the Phoenix, of Coleraine, Captain Andrew Douglas; and the Jerusalem, Captain Reynell.
  68. ^ "Hampton Court Aug 4". The London Gazette. No. 2476. 1 August 1689. p. 2. This day arrived here an Express with letters from Major General Kirk, dated the 29th past, on board the Swallow in the Lough of Derry which bring the good news of the Relief of Derry, ...
  69. ^ Graham 1829, p. 259. "Early on the morning of the first of August, the garrison sent out a detachment to see what was become of the enemy. They saw them on their march ..."
  70. ^ "Hampton Court Aug 8". The London Gazette. No. 2478. 8 August 1689. p. 1. This day arrived here Captain Withers being sent by Major-General Kirk, with News of the raising the siege of Derry: The letters he brings from the Major-General are of the 3d instant from the Isle of Inch ...
  71. ^ Cite error: The named reference FOOTNOTEChilds2007[httpsbooksgooglecoukbooksid7PPUAwAAQBAJpgPA85 85] was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  72. ^ McBride 1997.
  73. ^ "Baker Club jewel". Londonderry Sentinel. 13 January 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2014.
  74. ^ Hempton 1861, frontispiece.
  75. ^ "Several thousand people have attended the Lundy's Day parade in Londonderry, which has passed without incident" BBC News, Saturday, 1 December 2012
  76. ^ Gibney 2021, paragraph 7. "Involved in the foundation of the original Apprentice Boys club in 1718, he arranged for a crimson flag to be hung from the cathedral spire on its completion."
  77. ^ "Siege hero Walker felled in midnight blast". Derry Journal. 23 July 2010. Retrieved 17 September 2018.
  78. ^ Macaulay 1855, p. 236. "...and he died the most enviable of all deaths, in sight of the city which was his birthplace, which was his home, and which had just been saved by his courage and self-devotion from the most frightful form of destruction."

Sources

  • Anonymous (1689). Ireland's Lamentation. London: J. D.
  • Bagwell, Richard (1896). "Philips or Phillips, George (1599?–1696)". In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. XLV. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 174–175. OCLC 8544105.
  • Bouillet, Jean-Baptiste (1848). Nobiliaire d'Auvergne (in French). Vol. III. Clermont-Ferrand: Pérol. OCLC 422187531. – F to L (for Fontange, comte de Maumont)
  • Boulger, Demetrius Charles (1911). The Battle of the Boyne. London: Martin Secker. OCLC 1041056932.
  • Chichester, Henry Manners (1890). "Hamilton, Richard (fl. 1688)". In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. XXIV. New York: MacMillan and Co. pp. 203–204. OCLC 8544105.
  • Childs, John (2007). The Williamite Wars in Ireland 1688–1691. London: Hambledon Continuum Press. ISBN 978-1-85285-573-4. – (Preview)
  • De Dublin, le 18 May 1689. Gazette de France (in French). 11 June 1689.
  • De Paris le 21 May 1689. Gazette de France (in French). 21 May 1689.
  • De Paris, le 16 Iuillet 1689. Gazette de France (in French). 16 July 1689.
  • De Londres, le 25 Iuillet 1689. Gazette de France (in French). 30 July 1689.
  • Doherty, Richard (2008). The Siege of Derry 1689 - The Military History. Chalford: Spellmount. ISBN 978-0-7524-5536-5.
  • FitzJames, James FitzJames, the Duke of Berwick (1778). Mémoires du Maréchal de Berwick (in French). Vol. Tome premier. Paris: Moutard. OCLC 1049657563.
  • Gibney, John (March 2021). McGuire, James; Quinn, James (eds.). "Michelburne (Michelborne, Mitchelburne), John". Dictionary of Irish Biography. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
  • Graham, Rev. John (1829). A History of the Siege of Londonderry and Defence of Enniskillen in 1688–9 (2nd ed.). Dublin: William Curry. OCLC 19596078.
  • Hempton, John, ed. (1861). The Siege and History of Londonderry. Londonderry: John Hempton. OCLC 1084893815.
  • Hogan, James, ed. (1958). Négociations de M Le Comte D'Avaux en Irlande (1689–90) Supplementary Volume. Dublin: Irish Manuscripts Commission.
  • Joyce, Patrick Weston (1903). A Concise History of Ireland from the Earliest Times to 1837 (12th ed.). Dublin: M. H. Gill & Son. OCLC 815623752.
  • La Chesnaye des Bois, François Alexandre Aubert de (1771). Dictionnaire de la noblesse (in French). Vol. III (2nd ed.). Paris: Duchesne. OCLC 491609675. – BOU to CAS
  • Lainé, Louis (1818). Dictionnaire véridique des origines des maisons nobles ou anoblis du royaume de France (in French). Vol. Tome premier. Paris: Chez l'auteur, rue de la Vrillière. – A to F
  • "Baker Club jewel". Londonderry Sentinel. 13 January 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2014.
  • Macaulay, Thomas Babington (1855). The History of England from the Accession of James the Second. Vol. III. London: Longman Brown Greens & Longmans. OCLC 1046525672. – 1689 to 1690
  • MacGeoghegan, James (1763). Histoire de l'Irlande ancienne et modern, tirée des Monuments les plus authentiques [History of Ancient and Modern Ireland] (in French). Vol. Tome troisième. Paris: Antoine Boudet. – 1558 to 1699
  • Mackenzie, John (1690). A Narrative of the Siege of Londonderry. London: Richard Baldwin. OCLC 220182259.
  • Macpherson, James (1775). Original Papers; Containing the Secret History of Great Britain, from the Restoration to the Accession of the House of Hanover. To which are Prefixed Extracts from the Life of James II. Written by Himself. London: W Strahan and T Cadell. OCLC 1050258341.
  • McBride, Ian (1997). The Siege of Derry in Ulster Protestant Mythology. Dublin: Four Courts Press. ISBN 1-85182-299-2.
  • O'Kelly, Charles (1850) [1st pub. 1692]. O'Callaghan, John Cornelius (ed.). Macariae Excidium or The Destruction of Cyprus (1850 ed.). Dublin: Irish Archaeological Society. OCLC 19248699.
  • Puaux, Frank (1911). "Huguenots" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 864–869.
  • Seccombe, Thomas (1893). "MacCarthy or MacCarty, Donough, fourth Earl of Clancarty". In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. XXXIV. London: Smith, Elder, & Co. pp. 436–438. OCLC 8544105.
  • Walker, Rev. George (1893). Dwyer, Rev. Philip (ed.). The siege of Londonderry in 1689, as set forth in the Literary Remains of Colonel the Rev. George Walker, D.D. London: Robert Clavel & Ralph Simpson. OCLC 79434854.
  • Wauchope, Piers (2004). "Hamilton, Richard (d. 1717)". In Matthew, Colin; Harrison, Brian (eds.). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 24. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 888–889, right column. ISBN 0-19-861374-1.
  • Wills, Rev. James (1841). "David Cairnes. Born A.D. 1645—died 1722". Lives of Illustrious and Distinguished Irishmen, from the earliest times to the present period. Vol. III. Dublin: MacGregor, Polson & Co. pp. 323–331. OCLC 1048786228.
  • Witherow, Thomas (1879). Derry and Enniskillen in the Year 1689. London & Belfast: William Mallan & Son. OCLC 82779901.

External links

  • Website of the Siege Museum, 13 Society St, Londonderry
  • Book review: The Siege of Derry in Ulster Protestant Mythology

Further reading

  • Hogan, James, ed. (1934). Négociations de M Le Comte D'Avaux en Irlande (1689–90). Dublin: Irish Manuscripts Commission.
  • Joannon, Pierre (1993). "Jacques II et l'expédition d'Irlande d'après les dépêches du comte d'Avaux, ambassadeur extraordinaire de Louis XIV". Études irlandaises (in French). 18 (2): 93–108. doi:10.3406/irlan.1993.2920.
  • Mangan, H. (1903). "Sieges of Derry and Limerick". In O'Brien, R. Barry (ed.). Studies in Irish History, 1649–1775. Dublin: Browne and Nolan. pp. 201–250.
  • Mulloy, Sheila, ed. (1983). Franco-Irish Correspondence, December 1688 – February 1692. Vol. 1. Dublin: Irish Manuscripts Commission. ISBN 1874280320.
  • Mulloy, Sheila, ed. (1984). Franco-Irish Correspondence, December 1688 – February 1692. Vol. 3. Dublin: Irish Manuscripts Commission.

siege, derry, coordinates, siege, derry, 1689, first, major, event, williamite, ireland, siege, preceded, attempt, against, town, jacobite, forces, december, 1688, that, foiled, when, apprentices, shut, gates, this, rebellion, against, james, part, williamite,. Coordinates 54 59 38 N 7 19 34 W 54 994 N 7 326 W 54 994 7 326 The siege of Derry in 1689 was the first major event in the Williamite War in Ireland The siege was preceded by an attempt against the town by Jacobite forces on 7 December 1688 that was foiled when 13 apprentices shut the gates This was an act of rebellion against James II Siege of DerryPart of the Williamite WarCannons on the walls of DerryDate18 April 1 August 1689LocationDerryResultWilliamite victory City relieved by Royal Navy shipsBelligerentsWilliamitesJacobites FranceCommanders and leadersHenry Baker Adam Murray George Walker John MitchelburneKing James II exiled Richard Hamilton Conrad de RosenStrength 8 000 21 000Casualties and losses4 000 killed mostly by disease or wounded The second attempt began on 18 April 1689 when James himself appeared before the walls with an Irish army led by Jacobite and French officers The town was summoned to surrender but refused The siege began The besiegers tried to storm the walls but failed They then resorted to starving Derry They raised the siege and left when supply ships broke through to the town The siege lasted 105 days from 18 April to 1 August 1689 It is commemorated yearly by the Protestant community Contents 1 Introduction 2 Apprentice boys 3 Interlude 4 Siege 4 1 The passes 4 2 Lundy s blunder 4 3 Under the walls 4 4 Relief 5 Commemorations 6 Notes and references 6 1 Notes 6 2 Citations 6 3 Sources 7 External links 8 Further readingIntroduction EditThe Glorious Revolution overthrew James II King of England Scotland and Ireland and replaced him with William of Orange who landed in England on 5 November 1688 James fled to France in December Louis XIV King of France received James well because he needed him and his supporters the Jacobites as allies in the Nine Years War which he had just started by investing Philippsburg on 27 September and declaring war on the Dutch Republic on 6 16 November a On 7 May 1689 Williamite England declared war on France quite belatedly as French officers and experts had already been fighting William s troops at Derry before that time This siege is part of the Williamite War in Ireland which in turn is a side show of the Nine Years War In Scotland the privy council asked William to assume responsibility for the government in January 1689 and William and Mary were formally offered the Scottish throne in March However many Scottish people especially among the Highland clans had sympathies for the Jacobite cause Ireland however was still ruled by Richard Talbot Earl of Tyrconnell whom James had appointed viceroy i e Lord Deputy in 1687 Tyrconnell was from an Old English Norman Catholic family He had re admitted Catholics to the Irish Parliament and public office and had replaced Protestant officers with Catholic ones in the army Tyrconnell and Irish Catholics in general stayed loyal to James and many Irish Protestants hesitated to declare themselves openly for William Tyrconnell took action against those who did and by November 1688 only the Protestants of Ulster were still resisting Two Ulster towns Enniskillen and Derry were to become the focal points of the first stage of the Williamite war Louis XIV had revoked the Edict of Nantes in 1685 which resulted in Huguenots fleeing to northern Europe and rekindled fears of persecution in Protestant communities 1 Apprentice boys EditWhen the Dutch invasion threatened James doubted the loyalty of his English troops He therefore asked Tyrconnell to send him reliable Irish ones These units sailed to Chester in September and early October 1688 2 To replace them Tyrconnell ordered four new regiments to be raised one for each Irish province He ordered Alexander MacDonnell Earl of Antrim a Catholic nobleman of Scottish origin to raise the Ulster regiment MacDonnell already in his seventies hired 1 200 Scottish mercenaries called redshanks making sure they were all Catholics The unit was supposed to be ready on 20 November 3 but delays occurred At that time Tyrconnell s recast of the Irish army had advanced so far that few units still had significant numbers of Protestants One of those was the regiment of Viscount Mountjoy a Protestant loyal to James This unit was in garrison at Derry Tyrconnell considered Mountjoy s regiment unreliable and on 23 November ordered it to march to Dublin 4 Mountjoy s regiment was to be replaced by MacDonnell s 5 which was not ready so that Derry was left without a garrison When MacDonnell finally got his troops on the way he met Colonel George Philips at Newtown Limavady who immediately sent a messenger to Derry to warn the city 6 On 7 December with MacDonnell s regiment ready to cross the Foyle River under Derry s Ferryquay Gate 13 apprentices seized the city s keys and locked the gates 7 8 With this act Derry was in open rebellion against Tyrconnell and his master James II who was already in exile in France at that time MacDonnell was not strong enough to take the town by force and retreated to Coleraine Interlude EditLater generations have sometimes seen the shutting of the gates by the apprentices as the start of the siege In reality six peaceful months passed between the apprentices action 7 December and the start of the siege 18 June 1689 In a similar way Robert Lundy s blunders flight and supposed treachery see further down are often telescoped into the days of the apprentices action while in reality they fell into the lead up to the siege in June 1689 On 9 December Philips came into town As he had been governor of Derry and Fort Culmore under Charles I 9 the citizens gave him the keys and accepted him as de facto governor When Tyrconnell heard that MacDonnell had been kept out of Derry he stopped Mountjoy on his march to Dublin and sent him back On 21 December Mountjoy reached Derry He struck a deal with the city according to which two of his companies consisting entirely of Protestants would be allowed into town 10 The one was commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Robert Lundy the other by Captain William Stewart b Mountjoy appointed Lundy governor of the town in stead of Philips On 20 February the inhabitants sided with William by proclaiming him king of England 11 Lundy had the walls and the gates repaired refitted gun carriages and musket stocks removed buildings and other obstacles that might provide cover to besiegers from before the walls purchased powder cannonballs and matchlocks 12 Tyrconnell upscaled his efforts to bring Ulster back under control and on 8 March he sent Lieutenant General Richard Hamilton with an army of 2500 from Drogheda into Ulster 13 On 14 March Hamilton defeated the Protestant Army of the North at the Break of Dromore in County Down In the meantime on 12 March 14 c James had landed at Kinsale on Ireland s south coast with a French fleet of 30 men of war commanded by Jean Gabaret 15 He was accompanied by d Avaux the French ambassador many English and Irish exiles and about a hundred French officers He brought with him money and equipment but few troops 16 17 French troops were needed on the continent for the Nine Years War and were not considered necessary in Ireland as Tyrconnell had already raised a large army and only lacked equipment and the money to pay the men At Kinsale James was received by Donogh MacCarthy 4th Earl of Clancarty in his house there 18 We will meet him again at Derry From Kinsale James proceeded to Cork where he met Tyrconnell He left Cork on 20 March 19 and entered Dublin on Palm Sunday 24 He took up quarters in the castle and established his council on which sat d Avaux Tyrconnell John Drummond Earl of Melfort and Conrad de Rosen Hearing of James s arrival Derry prepared to defend itself On 20 or 21 March Captain James Hamilton 20 arrived from England with the frigate HMS Jersey and the merchantman Deliverance 21 bringing gunpowder munition weapons and 595 in cash 22 James Hamilton was a nephew of Richard Hamilton but fought on the other side 23 These provisions were to be crucial during the siege He also brought the commission from King William and Queen Mary that confirmed Colonel Lundy as the town s Williamite governor 24 Lundy swore the oath of allegiance to William in the cabin of the Jersey The town committee decided to build a ravelin in front of the Bishops Gate 25 possibly using some of the money brought by Captain Hamilton The wall at the Royal Bastion in 2009 Note the plinth of Walker s Pillar on the bastion Siege EditTyrconnell and James decided to bring Derry back under their control On 2 or 3 April Major General Jean Camus Marquis de Pusignan 26 27 marched north with five regiments of foot This brought the number of troops in the north to about 12000 28 James followed on 8 April accompanied by d Avaux and Melfort 29 The passes Edit On 13 April cavalry forming part of the Jacobite vanguard was reported approaching Derry Lundy called a council of war that decided to defend a line along the River Finn SW of Derry near Strabane Passes over the river at Castlefin Clady Long Causeway and Lifford were manned On 15 April this line was attacked by the cavalry vanguards of the two Jacobite armies Hamilton s which had come from Coleraine and Rosen s which had come from Dublin via Charlemont 30 Hamilton s cavalry attacked on the Jacobites left wing at Castlefinn and Clady At Castlefinn they were repulsed by Colonel Skeffington s Regiment commanded by John Mitchelburne 31 but at Clady the cavalry under Richard Hamilton and Berwick swam through the river and routed the defenders 32 This has been called the Battle of Cladyford The Long Causeway was not attacked 33 Rosen s cavalry attacked on the right wing at Lifford where Jacques de Fontanges comte de Maumont 34 crossed the river at the head of his cavalry and broke through the defences 35 Lundy s blunder Edit In the meantime the English sent reinforcements to Derry On the very day of the defeat at the Passes on 15 April Colonel Cunningham and Colonel Richards arrived on Lough Foyle with the frigate HMS Swallow commanded by Captain Wolfran Cornewall and nine transport ships carrying two regiments altogether about 1600 men 36 Cunningham who was in charge had been instructed to take his orders from Lundy the governor Lundy disheartened by his defeat at the Passes was convinced that the town was lost On 16 April Lundy held a council of war with Cunningham and Richards from which he excluded most of the local commanders He proposed the troops should not land and the town should be abandoned pretending that there were insufficient provisions to defend it 37 The proposal was accepted by all present Lundy kept this resolution secret but the people in town could see that many of the gentry and officers that had been present in the council prepared to leave and went down to the river to board the ships Cunningham s fleet waited for Lundy still on 17 April but then left apparently without him The ships stopped over at Greencastle on 18 April and sailed for England on 19 April 38 Finally Lundy left the city disguised as an ordinary soldier and took a ship to Scotland Under the walls Edit Having broken through the passes Hamilton reached Derry on 18 April and summoned the city to surrender The defenders asked for a delay of two days before a parley They also insisted that the Jacobite army should halt at St Johnston and not come nearer However when King James joined up with the army Rosen suggested the King should appeal directly to his subjects in the town they would surely submit to their King The effect was the contrary The men on the wall seeing him approach interpreted this act as a breach of their agreement with Hamilton and when James and his retinue rode up to within 300 yards of Bishops Gate and summoned the city cannons were fired at them 39 According to a later account he was rebuffed with shouts of No surrender and one of the king s aides de camp was killed by a shot from the city s largest cannon the Roaring Meg 40 James would ask thrice more but was refused each time That same day Adam Murray reached the town He and his cavalry unit had been part of the Protestant Army of the North and had fought at the passes He came from Culmore along the river broke through the still quite loose ring formed by the besiegers around the town and reached Shipquay Gate which Captain Morrison opened for him On 19 April the town council appointed Henry Baker governor of Derry 41 Baker put George Walker in charge of the stores On 20 April King James sent Claud Hamilton 4th Earl of Abercorn with a last proposal to the walls Murray talked with him and rejected it 42 43 d James returned to Dublin with Rosen and left the forces before Derry under Maumont s command However Richard Hamilton also stayed and was of equal rank Both had been promoted Lieutenant General quite recently Frictions sometimes arose between the Irish and the French officers about who was in command View of Derry during the siege The Bishops Gate with its drawbridge is in the centre Note the newly built ravelin before it On 21 April the besieged led by Murray sallied and killed Maumont 44 45 This has also been called the Battle of Pennyburn Command devolved to Richard Hamilton On 23 April Fort Culmore which guarded the mouth of River Foyle surrendered to the Jacobites 46 During another sally on 25 April the Duke of Berwick and Bernard Desjean Baron de Pointis were wounded and Pusignan killed 47 On 6 May Brigadier General Ramsay attacked the Windmill Hill before the Bishops Gate and drove out the sentinels posted there by the besieged 48 but Baker knew the importance of this position and on the next day the besieged sallied from the Ferryquay Gate and retook Windmill Hill Ramsay was killed and other officers were taken prisoners 49 Among them were William Talbot a nephew of the viceroy Viscount Netterville and Gerald FitzGerald Knight of Glin 50 Baker built a line of earthworks from the river up to Windmill Hill and back through the Bog to the river downstream of the town On 7 May Williamite England formally declared war on France This officially sanctioned what was already happening around Derry since 18 April Two French generals Maumont and Pusignan had already been killed in the siege France never declared war on England as they saw James as the rightful king and the Williamites as mere rebels On 11 May a French fleet landed more equipment and troops at Bantry Bay in southwestern Ireland and fought the battle of Bantry Bay against an English fleet The battle was inconclusive but the French seemed to have had the advantage Map of the River Foyle from Derry left to Culmore right with the boom in the centre On 30 May the besiegers received heavy guns and mortars Before that date they only had field artillery 51 Matthew Plunkett 7th Baron Louth and de Pointis were in charge of the mortars which were placed on the right bank of the river where no sally could reach them The mortars fired almost 600 explosive shells into the town 52 About this time disease and hunger took hold within the city It became evident that the town needed to be relieved William gave that task to Major General Percy Kirke who decided to first explore the mouth of River Foyle to find out whether ships could get through to Derry He sent the engineer Jacob Richards son of Solomon Richards mentioned earlier with the small sixth rate frigate HMS Greyhound and two ketches They sailed from Hoylake on 13 May and explored the mouth of River Foyle on 8 June 53 However Greyhound ran aground near Fort Culmore and was damaged by cannon shot 54 before she got afloat escaped and after some makeshift repairs limped back to Greenock in Scotland to refit Observations and information obtained from the inhabitants confirmed that the besiegers had placed a boom across the river Indeed on 3 June the besiegers led by de Pointis had placed a boom across the River Foyle about halfway between Derry and Culmore 55 On 17 May Major General Percy Kirke sailed from Liverpool 56 with three men of war HMS Swallow HMS Bonaventure and HMS Dartmouth and 24 transport ships The fleet carried four regiments about 3000 men Kirke s own Sir John Hanmer s William Stewart s and St George s The last two were the regiments that should have landed with Cunningham The convoy arrived in Lough Foyle early in June The besieged saw it from the cathedral tower on the 13th 57 Kirke thought that he had too few troops to challenge the besiegers in battle and the incident with the Greyhound seemed to show that it was too risky to approach the town by the river 58 On 4 June Richard Hamilton ordered to storm the town The Jacobites attacked the line of earthworks and passed over them in some places but were finally beaten back 59 In order to accelerate the siege James sent Rosen to Derry who arrived on the scene at some time between 17 and 24 June 60 61 Rosen brought with him the regiment FitzGerald from Trim 62 On 21 June Berwick was sent south with a detachment to keep the Enniskilleners away Rosen intensified the bombardment and had a mine dug under a bastion On 28 June Clancarty came up from Munster to Derry with his regiment and led a daring night attack against the Butcher s Gate immediately on the evening of his arrival 63 The besieged were surprised and the attackers succeeded to come up against the gate and touch it but were eventually thrown back At the beginning of June Governor Baker fell ill and on 21 June a council was held to choose a successor Baker was consulted and chose John Mitchelburne On 30 June Baker died and Mitchelburne became governor of Derry 64 HMS Dartmouth fires at shore batteries while Mountjoy rams through the boom On 2 July Rosen herded Protestants from the surroundings to under the wall The besieged responded by threatening to kill prisoners Hamilton reported this event to James who disagreed with Rosen s measure and called him a barbarious Muscovite 65 Relief Edit Frederick de Schomberg having been appointed commander in chief by William ordered Kirke to attack the boom 66 Thereupon on 28 July Kirke sent four ships to the mouth of the River Foyle to try to bring food into Derry These were HMS Dartmouth and three merchant ships Mountjoy from Derry Phoenix from Coleraine and Jerusalem 67 Dartmouth under Captain John Leake engaged the shore batteries while Mountjoy commanded by her Master Michael Browning rammed and breached the boom whereupon Mountjoy and Phoenix sailed up to Derry unloading many tons of food 68 Seeing that he could no longer starve out Derry and not having enough troops to storm the town Rosen decided to raise the siege On 1 August the besieged discovered that the enemy was gone 69 On 3 August Kirke reported the raising of the siege to London 70 On 31 July another Jacobite army had been defeated at Newtownbutler by the Enniskilleners A memorial plaque on a wall showing a sailing ship over some text The Michael Browning Memorial Plaque on Derry s wall The city had endured 105 days of siege from 18 April to 1 August Some 4 000 of its garrison of 8 000 are said to have died during this siege TimelineThe dates listed below are all in old style but some of the dates in the citations may be New Style 1688 7 Dec Shutting of the gates 8 1688 late Dec Viscount Mountjoy appointed Lundy governor of Derry 1689 12 Mar King James II landed at Kinsale 14 1689 20 Mar Captain James Hamilton brought provisions 24 1689 15 Apr The Jacobites forced the passage of the River Finn 30 1689 18 Apr King James before the Bishops Gate the siege began 1689 19 Apr Baker appointed governor 71 1689 21 Apr Maumont killed 44 1689 23 Apr Fort Culmore surrendered 46 1689 6 May Ramsay killed at the Windmill Hill 49 1689 30 May Siege guns arrived and the bombardment started 51 1689 3 Jun Boom placed across the river 55 e 1689 8 Jun HMS Greyhound explored the mouth of River Foyle 54 1689 13 Jun Major General Kirke s fleet arrived in Lough Foyle 57 1689 2nd of Jun Rosen arrived before Derry 61 1689 28 Jun Clancarty attacked the Butcher s Gate 63 1689 30 Jun Governor Baker died and was succeeded by Mitchelburne 64 1689 2 Jul Rosen herded Protestant civilians to the walls 65 1689 29 Jul Ships broke through to the town 67 1689 1 Aug The Jacobites abandoned the siege and retreated southwards Commemorations EditThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Siege of Derry news newspapers books scholar JSTOR December 2013 Learn how and when to remove this template message Further information Parades in Northern Ireland The Siege of Derry like the Battle of the Boyne is part of Northern Irish Protestant folklore 72 73 The siege is commemorated by two parades the Shutting of the Gates Parade and the Relief of Derry Parade A view of Derry in the 19th century Walker s Pillar figures prominently in the centre 74 The shutting of the gates by 13 apprentices which happened on 7 December 1688 is commemorated each year on the first Saturday of December dubbed Lundy s Day The commemoration is organised by the Apprentice Boys of Derry a Protestant association The day usually starts with the firing of one and then three cannon shots meaning 13 from the walls at midnight on Friday Then follows the ceremony of the touching of the four original gates Bishops Gate Butchers Gate Shipquay Gate and Ferryquay Gate On Saturday first the members of the Apprentice Boys clubs domiciled outside the walls march to the Apprentice Boys Memorial Hall Then the assembled members march through the city from the Hall to St Columb s Cathedral where a thanks giving service is held After the service a wreath is laid at the Siege Heroes Mound in the cathedral grounds Finally Lundy is burned in effigy as a traitor 75 The end of the siege which is taken to have happened on 1 August 1689 old style when the besieged discovered that the besiegers had left is celebrated by the Relief of Derry parade usually held on the second Saturday of August This day is chosen because it usually is near 11 August which is the New Style equivalent of 1 August This parade is one of the events of the week long Maiden City Festival On 1 August 1714 Mitchelburne hoisted a crimson flag on the steeple of St Columb s Cathedral to mark the anniversary of the relief of the city a practice that continued for many years 76 1969 a confrontation between Protestants and Catholics during the Relief of Derry parade started the Battle of the Bogside but recent parades have been largely peaceful Walker s Pillar was a monument to Reverend George Walker It was built from 1826 1828 on the Royal Bastion The monument consisted of a column crowned by a statue of the famous man On the night of 27 August 1973 it was blown up by the Provisional IRA 77 The plinth remains The Browning Memorial Plaque is affixed to the city wall on Guildhall Square It commemorates Michael or Micaiah Browning the Master of the Mountjoy The top shows his ship the Mountjoy The inscription below cites the passage describing his death in Macaulay s History of England which calls his the most enviable of all deaths 78 The popular song Derry s Walls commemorates the siege The author is unknown The chorus reads We ll fight and don t surrender But come when duty calls With heart and hand and sword and shield We ll guard old Derry s Walls Notes and references EditNotes Edit During the period covered in this article England Scotland and Ireland used the Julian Calendar i e Old Style whereas France and the Netherlands used the Gregorian calendar i e New Style The difference was 10 days at the time See Old Style and New Style dates William Stewart was the grandfather of the first Marquess of Londonderry Most authors agree that James landed on 12 March but FitzJames the James FitzJames Duke of Berwick gives this date as 17 March The Earl of Abercorn also was Baron Hamilton of Strabane and owned much land around that town The dates in the Gazette de France are New Style Citations Edit Puaux 1911 p 867 on the 18th of October 1685 he pronounced its revocation France which in the course of a few years lost 400 000 of its inhabitants Childs 2007 p 3 line 14 To strengthen his forces in the face of the Dutch threat James ordered the better elements of the Irish Army into England One regiment of dragoons a battalion of Foot Guards and Anthony Hamilton s and Lord Forbes s battalions of line infantry a total of 2 964 men sailed to Chester during September and early October Childs 2007 p 3 line 19 The latter unit commanded by Alexander McDonnell Third Earl of Antrim was intended to enter the field by 20 November Childs 2007 p 3 line 23 Tyrconnell on the other hand did not want an unreliable battalion in such a key post so on 23 November he ordered it to England via Dublin Macaulay 1855 p 143 bottom a regiment of twelve hundred Papists commanded by a Papist Alexander Macdonnell Earl of Antrim had received orders from the Lord Deputy to occupy Londonderry Bagwell 1896 p 174 right column top Lord MacDonnell s regiment of highlanders and Irish appeared at Newtown Limavady on 6 Dec and Philips at once wrote to Alderman Norman to put the people of Londonderry on their guard Macaulay 1855 p 145 seized the keys of the city rushed to the Ferryquay Gate closed it in the face of the King s officers and let down the portcullis a b Joyce 1903 p 213 Lord MacDonnell marched to take possession of Derry but while the aldermen and magistrates were hesitating a few of the bolder young apprentices seizing the keys locked the town gates on the 7th of December and shut out MacDonnell and his Jacobite forces Bagwell 1896 p 174 left column bottom From June 1681 to September 1684 he was governor of Culmore Fort Witherow 1879 p 199 in pursuance of an arrangement with Mountjoy of the 21st of December the citizens of Derry had admitted a part of his regiment to garrison their town Boulger 1911 p 90 On February 20 1689 the people of Derry having got rid of the Catholics in the garrison and town proclaimed the Prince of Orange as King William Apprentice Boys Is Robert Lundy much maligned The Belfast News Letter 31 January 2013 Chichester 1890 p 204 left column Tyrconnell despatched Hamilton with 2 500 troops to make head against the Ulstermen and the news of his having driven them back from Dromore to Coleraine greeted James on his entry into Dublin on the 24 March 1689 a b Witherow 1879 p 55 line 21 On Tuesday the 12th of March King James arrived at Kinsale from France FitzJames 1778 p 47 une escadre de trente vaisseaux de guerre commandes par M de Gabaret nous arrivames a Kingsale le 17 Mars Witherow 1879 p 55 line 22 but contrary to the expectations that the Irish had formed he was accompanied by only eighteen hundred men by some accounts still less Anonymous 1689 p 26 higher King James landed at Kingsale on Tuesday March 12 Seccombe 1893 p 437 When James II landed in Kinsale in 1689 Clancarty received him in his house there Anonymous 1689 p 26 lower on Wednesday the 20th set out from thence Wills 1841 p 328 line 10 James Hamilton afterwards Earl of Abercorn who brought to its i e Derry relief from England a quantity of arms and ammunition with five thousand pounds in money Childs 2007 p 61 HMS Jersey captain John Beverley RN and the merchantman Deliverance entered Lough Foyle on 21 March Witherow 1879 p 75 On the same day the 21st of March Captain James Hamilton arrived from England bringing with him 8000 stand of arms for the garrison 480 barrels of powder and 595 in money MacGeoghegan 1763 p 738 Le capitaine Jacques Hamilton footnote a il etoit neveu de Richard Hamilton qui commandoit ce siege pour le roi a b Walker 1893 p 14 March 20 Captain James Hamilton arrived from England with Ammunitions and Arms 480 Barrels of Powder and Arms for 2000 men and a Commission from the King and Queen for Col Lundy to be Governour of the City Mackenzie 1690 p 18 right column Wednesday 20th March 1689 It was order d by the Committee of Derry that a Ravelin should be built to defend the Bishops Gate La Chesnaye des Bois 1771 p 457 line 30 Jean Camus son fils aine Marquis de Pusignan Lieutenant general des armees du Roi fut tue a la tete du Regiment de Languedoc en 1689 Laine 1818 p 127 La seigneurie de Pusignan en Dauphine erige en marquisat en novembre 1678 en faveur de N Chauderon lieutenant general de Fauconnerie echut par sa mort a Genevieve Chauderon sa soeur qui avait epouse Imbert Camus seigneur de Bayols qui du chef de sa femme devint marquis de Pusignan Macpherson 1775 p 178 which made in all with the other troops that were already in the North eleven thousand nine hundred and seventy eight foot Macpherson 1775 p 181 He parted from Dublin the 8th day of April a b Wauchope 2004 p 889 At the battle of the Fords 15 April de Rosen and Hamilton made separate attacks on Lundy s positions on the rivers Finn and Foyle and forced Lundy s troops back to the city Doherty 2008 p 66 bottom Colonel Skeffington s Regiment now commanded by Mitchelburne stopped a Jacobite party that tried to ford the river near Castlefinn some miles beyond Clady driving them back with many casualties FitzJames 1778 p 47 De la nous marchames le 15 Avril au pont de Clady sur la riviere de Strabane dont les Rebelles au nombre de dix mille vouloient defendre le passage Witherow 1879 p 92 At the Long Causeway Colonel Francis Hamilton rallied the troops but the Irish did not come that way Bouillet 1848 p 82 Cette branche a produit Jacques de Fontanges comte de Maumont lieutenant general des armees Doherty 2008 p 66 middle Rosen recorded that Maumont was the first to enter the river Witherow 1879 p 93 Colonel Cunningham and Colonel Richards arrived in Lough Foyle from England with nine ships and a man of war conveying two regiments consisting of 1600 men Irish Affairs Defence of Londonderry House of Commons Journal No 12 12 August 1689 Colonel Lundie was the first Man that spoke at this Council of War and made a Proposition to quit the Town and to send the Two Regiments Back again alleging for his Reason That there was not above a Week or Ten Days Provisions left in the Town Witherow 1879 p 105 The ships after lingering in the Lough to pick up such officers and gentlemen as chose to desert fell down to Greencastle on the 18th and on the morning of the 19th set sail for England O Kelly 1850 p 33 but he was little surprized when instead of Submission they shott a Shower of Arrows against him which wounded Some of his Attendants and it was not then doubted but they aimed chiefly at his royall Person Siege of Londonderry in 1688 Gentleman s Magazine No volume 96 London John Nichols amp Son 1826 p 606 Childs 2007 p 85 on 19 April the remodelled town council offered the position to Major Henry Baker Witherow 1879 p 114 As a last resort the King sent the Earl of Abercorn with new terms and proposals and Colonel Murray at his request had a conference with him outside the walls Graham 1829 p 107 line 18 At the same time Lord Strabane approached the walls a great proportion of whose defenders were his tenants and offered the King s pardon protection and favour a b Walker 1893 p 21 they killed above 200 of the Enemies Souldiers besides Mamow the French General Gazette de France 1689 p 236 line 11 Le sieur de Maumont Capitaine aux Gardes Lieutenant General en Irlande a este tue au siege de Londonderry a b Graham 1829 p 107 In the evening he proceeded to Strabane where he received a deputation offering a surrender of Culmore Fort which he accepted and in consequence of which General Hamilton was put in possession of it a few days afterwards Gazette de France 1689 p 286 line 25 On ecrit du camp devant Londonderry que le 5 de ce mois le sieur Richard Hamilton Lieutenant General estant alle reconnoistre la place avec pluspart des officiers generaux les assiegez sortirent au nombre de plus de deux mille cinq cent hommes amp escharmoucherent longtemps le Duc de Barwick et le sieur de Pointis y furent blesses Le sieur de Puisignan Marechal de Camp recut un coup de mousquet au travers du corps dont il mourut Childs 2007 p 99 Before Derry on the night of 5 6 May Brigadier Ramsay drove the guards out of a small earthwork built during Lundy s governorship and occupied Windmill Hill a b Witherow 1879 p 128 Brigadier Ramsay in an attempt to rally his men and bring them up again to renew the encounter was slain Macpherson 1775 p 202 footnote brigadier Talbot formerly called Wicked Will and nephew to Tyrconnell taken and dead and buried this day 26 June 1689 of his wounds a b Macpherson 1775 p 200 top The great guns and mortars arrived not at the camp till the thirtieth of May and till then little was done against the town except beating them back when they ventured to sally with what guns we had upon them Witherow 1879 p 138 from the 2nd of June the large shells began to come and then when the supply of these seemed exhausted about the first week of July the besiegers returned to the small shells again Between the 24th of April and the 22nd of July they cast into the city 587 bombs of which 326 were small and 261 were large Childs 2007 p 113 a reconnaissance expedition left Hoylake on 13 May comprising HMS Greyhound sixth rate Captain Gwillam HMS Kingfisher ketch Captain Edward Boyce and a merchant ketch the Edward and James Master Mr Meers a b Macpherson 1775 p 200 bottom The English on the eight of June sent a small frigate the Grayhound a b Gazette de France 1689 p 352 On a eu avis du camp devant Londonderry du 13 du mois dernier que les assiegants avoient fait une estacade a l endroit le plus etroit de la riviere Witherow 1879 p 141 line 11 They set sail from Liverpool on the 17th of May but were delayed by contrary winds a b Witherow 1879 p 141 line 26 Again on the 13th of June from the tower of the cathedral a fleet of ships was seen on the Lough Gazette de France 1689 p 374 Le Major General Kirk a ecrit du lac de Londonderry qu il avoit trouve les Irlandais si bien retranchez sur les deux bords de la riviere ou ils avoient dresses deux bateries de vingt quatre livres de balle pour defendre les estacades qui la traversent qu il lui avoit este impossible de forcer le passage Que comme les troupes qu il commande n estoient pas assez nombreuses pour faire le debarquement il n avoit ose le tenter de peur de les trop exposer Wauchope 2004 p 889 the humiliating failure of his two attacks on Windmill Hill 6 May and 4 June Macpherson 1775 p 201 The mareschal de Rosen arrived in the camp before Derry the 17th a b Walker 1893 p 29 June 24 or thereabout Conrad de Rosen Marshall General of the Irish Forces is received into the Enemies Camp Hogan 1958 p 37 le regiment Fitzgerald que j avois pris avec moy apres qu on luy a eu fourny des armes pour le nombre d hommes complet dont il estoit compose a b Witherow 1879 p 152 At ten o clock on the night of his arrival the young boy warmed it was said with liquor as well as with valour crossed the Bog at the head of his men and attacked the outworks at Butcher s Gate a b Witherow 1879 p 149 He Baker died about a week after on the 30th of June and Mitchelburn then took his place as military governor a b Witherow 1879 p 164 none but a barbarious Muscovite could have thought of so cruel a contrivance Macaulay 1855 p 235 Just at this time Kirke received a despatch from England which contained positive orders that Londonderry should be relieved He accordingly determined to make an attempt which as far as it appears he might have made with at least an equally fair prospect of success six weeks earlier A note explains this as follows This despatch which positively commanded Kirke to attack the boom was signed by Schomberg who had already been appointed commander in chief of all the English forces in Ireland A copy of it is among the Nairne MSS in the Bodleian Library a b Witherow 1879 p 181 That day orders were issued by Kirke from aboard the Swallow that three small vessels laden with provisions under the protection of the Dartmouth man of war frigate should attempt the passage of the river The Dartmouth commanded by Captain Leake had been ordered round from Carrickfergus for this service The victuallers were the Mountjoy of Derry Capt Micaiah Browning a native of the city the Phoenix of Coleraine Captain Andrew Douglas and the Jerusalem Captain Reynell Hampton Court Aug 4 The London Gazette No 2476 1 August 1689 p 2 This day arrived here an Express with letters from Major General Kirk dated the 29th past on board the Swallow in the Lough of Derry which bring the good news of the Relief of Derry Graham 1829 p 259 Early on the morning of the first of August the garrison sent out a detachment to see what was become of the enemy They saw them on their march Hampton Court Aug 8 The London Gazette No 2478 8 August 1689 p 1 This day arrived here Captain Withers being sent by Major General Kirk with News of the raising the siege of Derry The letters he brings from the Major General are of the 3d instant from the Isle of Inch Cite error The named reference FOOTNOTEChilds2007 httpsbooksgooglecoukbooksid7PPUAwAAQBAJpgPA85 85 was invoked but never defined see the help page McBride 1997 Baker Club jewel Londonderry Sentinel 13 January 2011 Retrieved 2 August 2014 Hempton 1861 frontispiece Several thousand people have attended the Lundy s Day parade in Londonderry which has passed without incident BBC News Saturday 1 December 2012 Gibney 2021 paragraph 7 Involved in the foundation of the original Apprentice Boys club in 1718 he arranged for a crimson flag to be hung from the cathedral spire on its completion Siege hero Walker felled in midnight blast Derry Journal 23 July 2010 Retrieved 17 September 2018 Macaulay 1855 p 236 and he died the most enviable of all deaths in sight of the city which was his birthplace which was his home and which had just been saved by his courage and self devotion from the most frightful form of destruction Sources Edit Anonymous 1689 Ireland s Lamentation London J D Bagwell Richard 1896 Philips or Phillips George 1599 1696 In Lee Sidney ed Dictionary of National Biography Vol XLV London Smith Elder amp Co pp 174 175 OCLC 8544105 Bouillet Jean Baptiste 1848 Nobiliaire d Auvergne in French Vol III Clermont Ferrand Perol OCLC 422187531 F to L for Fontange comte de Maumont Boulger Demetrius Charles 1911 The Battle of the Boyne London Martin Secker OCLC 1041056932 Chichester Henry Manners 1890 Hamilton Richard fl 1688 In Lee Sidney ed Dictionary of National Biography Vol XXIV New York MacMillan and Co pp 203 204 OCLC 8544105 Childs John 2007 The Williamite Wars in Ireland 1688 1691 London Hambledon Continuum Press ISBN 978 1 85285 573 4 Preview De Dublin le 18 May 1689 Gazette de France in French 11 June 1689 De Paris le 21 May 1689 Gazette de France in French 21 May 1689 De Paris le 16 Iuillet 1689 Gazette de France in French 16 July 1689 De Londres le 25 Iuillet 1689 Gazette de France in French 30 July 1689 Doherty Richard 2008 The Siege of Derry 1689 The Military History Chalford Spellmount ISBN 978 0 7524 5536 5 FitzJames James FitzJames the Duke of Berwick 1778 Memoires du Marechal de Berwick in French Vol Tome premier Paris Moutard OCLC 1049657563 Gibney John March 2021 McGuire James Quinn James eds Michelburne Michelborne Mitchelburne John Dictionary of Irish Biography Retrieved 15 February 2023 Graham Rev John 1829 A History of the Siege of Londonderry and Defence of Enniskillen in 1688 9 2nd ed Dublin William Curry OCLC 19596078 Hempton John ed 1861 The Siege and History of Londonderry Londonderry John Hempton OCLC 1084893815 Hogan James ed 1958 Negociations de M Le Comte D Avaux en Irlande 1689 90 Supplementary Volume Dublin Irish Manuscripts Commission Joyce Patrick Weston 1903 A Concise History of Ireland from the Earliest Times to 1837 12th ed Dublin M H Gill amp Son OCLC 815623752 La Chesnaye des Bois Francois Alexandre Aubert de 1771 Dictionnaire de la noblesse in French Vol III 2nd ed Paris Duchesne OCLC 491609675 BOU to CAS Laine Louis 1818 Dictionnaire veridique des origines des maisons nobles ou anoblis du royaume de France in French Vol Tome premier Paris Chez l auteur rue de la Vrilliere A to F Baker Club jewel Londonderry Sentinel 13 January 2011 Retrieved 2 August 2014 Macaulay Thomas Babington 1855 The History of England from the Accession of James the Second Vol III London Longman Brown Greens amp Longmans OCLC 1046525672 1689 to 1690 MacGeoghegan James 1763 Histoire de l Irlande ancienne et modern tiree des Monuments les plus authentiques History of Ancient and Modern Ireland in French Vol Tome troisieme Paris Antoine Boudet 1558 to 1699 Mackenzie John 1690 A Narrative of the Siege of Londonderry London Richard Baldwin OCLC 220182259 Macpherson James 1775 Original Papers Containing the Secret History of Great Britain from the Restoration to the Accession of the House of Hanover To which are Prefixed Extracts from the Life of James II Written by Himself London W Strahan and T Cadell OCLC 1050258341 McBride Ian 1997 The Siege of Derry in Ulster Protestant Mythology Dublin Four Courts Press ISBN 1 85182 299 2 O Kelly Charles 1850 1st pub 1692 O Callaghan John Cornelius ed Macariae Excidium or The Destruction of Cyprus 1850 ed Dublin Irish Archaeological Society OCLC 19248699 Puaux Frank 1911 Huguenots In Chisholm Hugh ed Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 13 11th ed Cambridge University Press pp 864 869 Seccombe Thomas 1893 MacCarthy or MacCarty Donough fourth Earl of Clancarty In Lee Sidney ed Dictionary of National Biography Vol XXXIV London Smith Elder amp Co pp 436 438 OCLC 8544105 Walker Rev George 1893 Dwyer Rev Philip ed The siege of Londonderry in 1689 as set forth in the Literary Remains of Colonel the Rev George Walker D D London Robert Clavel amp Ralph Simpson OCLC 79434854 Wauchope Piers 2004 Hamilton Richard d 1717 In Matthew Colin Harrison Brian eds Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Vol 24 New York Oxford University Press pp 888 889 right column ISBN 0 19 861374 1 Wills Rev James 1841 David Cairnes Born A D 1645 died 1722 Lives of Illustrious and Distinguished Irishmen from the earliest times to the present period Vol III Dublin MacGregor Polson amp Co pp 323 331 OCLC 1048786228 Witherow Thomas 1879 Derry and Enniskillen in the Year 1689 London amp Belfast William Mallan amp Son OCLC 82779901 External links EditWebsite of the Siege Museum 13 Society St Londonderry Book review The Siege of Derry in Ulster Protestant MythologyFurther reading EditHogan James ed 1934 Negociations de M Le Comte D Avaux en Irlande 1689 90 Dublin Irish Manuscripts Commission Joannon Pierre 1993 Jacques II et l expedition d Irlande d apres les depeches du comte d Avaux ambassadeur extraordinaire de Louis XIV Etudes irlandaises in French 18 2 93 108 doi 10 3406 irlan 1993 2920 Mangan H 1903 Sieges of Derry and Limerick In O Brien R Barry ed Studies in Irish History 1649 1775 Dublin Browne and Nolan pp 201 250 Mulloy Sheila ed 1983 Franco Irish Correspondence December 1688 February 1692 Vol 1 Dublin Irish Manuscripts Commission ISBN 1874280320 Mulloy Sheila ed 1984 Franco Irish Correspondence December 1688 February 1692 Vol 3 Dublin Irish Manuscripts Commission Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Siege of Derry amp oldid 1153035546, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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