Emperor Reigen (霊元天皇, Reigen-tennō, 9 July 1654 – 24 September 1732) was the 112th emperor of Japan,[1] according to the traditional order of succession.[2] Reigen's reign spanned the years from 1663 through 1687.[3]
Before Reigen's ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (imina) was Satohito (識仁);[4] and his pre-accession title was Ate-no-miya (高貴宮).
Reigen was the 16th son of Emperor Go-Sai. His mother was the daughter of Minister of the Center Sonomotooto (内大臣園基音), Lady-in-Waiting Kuniko (新広義門院国子).
Reigen's Imperial family lived with him in the Dairi of the Heian Palace. This family included at least 13 sons and 14 daughters:[2]
9 July 1654: The birth of an Imperial prince who will become known by the posthumous name of Reigen-tennō.[6]
1654: Prince Satohito, who is also known as Ate-no-miya, is named as heir before the death of his eldest brother, Emperor Go-Kōmyō; however, the young prince is considered too young to become emperor. It is decided that until the young heir grows older, his elder brother will accede to the throne as Emperor Go-Sai.
5 March 1663 (Kanbun 3, 26th day of the 1st month): Emperor Go-Sai abdicated;[7] and Prince Satohito received the succession (senso). Shortly thereafter, Emperor Reigen formally acceded (sokui) and his reign began.[6]
1665 (Kanbun 5, 6th month): Courts of inquisition were established in all the villages of Japan. These courts were charged with discovering and eliminating any vestiges of Christianity in each community.[8]
1666 (Kanbun 6, 4th month): Hokke shu Buddhist religious practices are preserved for those who believe that their spiritual and moral purity may be tainted by close association with others.[8]
View across the roof of Tōdai-ji becomes a panoramic vista as seen from the elevated walkway of Nigatsu-dō.
1667 (Kanbun 7): After fire destroyed the main temple structure, work on rebuilding Nigatsu-dō (二月堂) at Nara commenced.[8]
13 February 1668 (Kanbun 8, 1st day of the 2nd month): A great fire broke out in Edo—a conflagration lasting 45 days. The disastrous fire was attributed to arson.[8]
1669 (Kanbun 9):There was a famine in this year; and a military expedition was sent to northern Honshū against Shakushain's Revolt.[8]
1673 (Enpō 1): There was a great fire in Kyoto.[8]
1681 (Tenna 1): Tsunyoshi's investiture as shōgun.[8]
5 February 1682 (Tenna 1, 28th day of the 12th month): A great fire sweeps through Edo.[9]
1681 (Tenna 2): A great famine devastates Kyoto and the surrounding area.[9]
1682 (Tenna 3): Tomohito-shinnō is proclaimed Crown Prince; and the ceremonial investiture is held (after being in abeyance for over 300 years).[2]
26 March 1685 (Jōkyō 2, 22nd day of the 2nd month): Former-Emperor Go-Sai died; and a great comet was observed crossing the night sky.[9]
2 May 1687 (Jōkyō 4, 21st day of the 3rd month): Emperor Reigen abdicates in favor of his fifth son who will come to be known as Emperor Higashiyama.[9]
1687: Former-Emperor Reigen begins to rule as a cloistered emperor; and after abdication, Reigen's new home will be called the Sentō-gosho (the palace for an ex-Emperor).[10]
Kugyō (公卿) is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the Emperor of Japan in pre-Meiji eras. Even during those years in which the court's actual influence outside the palace walls was minimal, the hierarchic organization persisted.
In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Reigen's reign, this apex of the Daijō-kan included:
^"Genealogy". Reichsarchiv (in Japanese). Retrieved 20 January 2018.
References
Meyer, Eva-Maria. (1999). Japans Kaiserhof in der Edo-Zeit: unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Jahre 1846 bis 1867. Münster: LIT Verlag. ISBN978-3-8258-3939-0; OCLC 42041594
__________. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 194887
Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Ōdai Ichiran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691
Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki: A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN978-0-231-04940-5; OCLC 59145842
emperor, reigen, 霊元天皇, reigen, tennō, july, 1654, september, 1732, 112th, emperor, japan, according, traditional, order, succession, reigen, reign, spanned, years, from, 1663, through, 1687, 霊元天皇emperor, japanreign5, march, 1663, 1687coronation2, june, 1663pre. Emperor Reigen 霊元天皇 Reigen tennō 9 July 1654 24 September 1732 was the 112th emperor of Japan 1 according to the traditional order of succession 2 Reigen s reign spanned the years from 1663 through 1687 3 Emperor Reigen霊元天皇Emperor of JapanReign5 March 1663 2 May 1687Coronation2 June 1663PredecessorGo SaiSuccessorHigashiyamaShōgunsSee list Tokugawa IetsunaTokugawa TsunayoshiBornSatohito 識仁 1654 07 09 9 July 1654Died24 September 1732 1732 09 24 aged 78 BurialTsuki no wa no misasagi KyotoSpouseTakatsukasa FusakoIssueamong others Emperor HigashiyamaPosthumous nameTsuigō Emperor Reigen 霊元院 or 霊元天皇 HouseYamatoFatherEmperor Go SaiMotherSono Kuniko Contents 1 Genealogy 2 Events of Reigen s life 2 1 Kugyō 3 Eras of Reigen s reign 4 Ancestry 5 Notes 6 References 7 See alsoGenealogy EditBefore Reigen s ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne his personal name imina was Satohito 識仁 4 and his pre accession title was Ate no miya 高貴宮 Reigen was the 16th son of Emperor Go Sai His mother was the daughter of Minister of the Center Sonomotooto 内大臣園基音 Lady in Waiting Kuniko 新広義門院国子 Reigen s Imperial family lived with him in the Dairi of the Heian Palace This family included at least 13 sons and 14 daughters 2 Empress Takatsukasa Fusako 鷹司房子 later Shin jyōsaimon in 新上西門院 Takatsukasa Norihira s daughter Third daughter Imperial Princess Masako 1673 1746 栄子内親王 married Nijo Tsunahira Lady in waiting Bōjō Fusako 1652 1676 坊城房子 Bōjō Toshihiro s daughter Second daughter Imperial Princess Ken shi 憲子内親王 1669 1688 married Konoe Iehiro Lady in waiting Chunagon Naishi 1653 1691 中納言典侍 First son Imperial Prince Priest Saishin 1671 1701 済深法親王 Lady in waiting Matsuki Muneko 松木宗子 later Keihōmon in 敬法門院 Mutsuki Muneatsu s daughter Fourth son Imperial Prince Asahito 朝仁親王 also known as Tomohito 5 Later Emperor Higashiyama Fifth daughter Imperial Princess Tomiko 福子内親王 1676 1707 married Imperial Prince Fushimi no miya Kuninaga Sixth daughter Princess Eisyu 永秀女王 1677 1725 Seventh son Imperial Prince Kyōgoku no miya Ayahito 1680 1711 京極宮文仁親王 Sixth Kyōgoku no miya Seventh daughter Princess Ume 1681 1683 梅宮 Eighth daughter Imperial Princess Katsuko 1686 1716 勝子内親王 Eighth son Prince Kiyo 1688 1693 清宮 Handmaid Atago Fukuko 1656 1681 愛宕福子 Atago Michitomi s daughter Second son Imperial Prince Priest Kanryu 1672 1707 寛隆法親王 Fourth daughter Princess Tsuna 1675 1677 綱宮 Handmaid Gojō Yōko 1660 1683 五条庸子 Gojō Tametsune s daughter Third son Prince San 1675 1677 三宮 Fifth son Imperial Prince Priest Gyōen 1676 1718 尭延法親王 Sixth son Prince Tairei in 1679 台嶺院宮 Handmaid Higashikuze Hiroko 1672 1752 東久世博子 Higashikuze Michikado s daughter Eleventh son Prince Toku 1692 1693 徳宮 Twelfth son Prince Riki 1697 力宮 Court lady Onaikouji no Tsubone 1674 多奈井小路局 Nishinotōin Tokinaga s Daughter First daughter Princess Chikōin 1669 知光院宮 Court lady Gojō Tsuneko 1673 五条経子 Gojō Tametsune s daughter Ninth son Prince Saku 1689 1692 作宮 Tenth son Imperial Prince Priest Syō ou 1690 1712 性応法親王 Ninth daughter Princess Bunki 1693 1702 文喜女王 Tenth daughter Princess Gensyu 1696 1752 元秀女王 Court lady Tōshikibu no Tsubone d 1746 藤式部局 Reizei Sadaatsu s Daughter Thirteenth son Imperial Prince Priest Sonsyō 1699 1746 尊賞法親王 Eleventh daughter Princess Bun ō 1702 1754 文応女王 Court lady Irie Itsuko 1763 入江伊津子 Irie Sukenao s daughter Fourteenth son Prince Kachi 1709 1713 嘉智宮 Twelfth daughter Princess Tome 1711 1712 留宮 Court lady Chujō no Tsubone 1691 1753 中将局 Kurahashi Yasusada s Daughter Fifteenth son Prince Mine 1710 1713 峯宮 Court lady Matsumuro Atsuko 1746 松室敦子 Matsumuro Shigeatsu s daughter Sixteenth son Imperial Prince Arisugawa no miya Yorihito 1713 1769 有栖川宮職仁親王 Fifth Arisugawa no miya Thirteenth daughter Imperial Princess Yoshiko 吉子内親王 1714 1758 betrothed to shōgun Tokugawa Ietsugu Eighteenth son Imperial Prince Priest Gyōkyō 1717 1764 尭恭法親王 Court lady Shōshō no Tsubone 1702 1728 少将局 Minami Suketada s daughter Fourteenth daughter Princess Yae 1721 1723 八重宮 Court lady Matsumuro Nakako 1707 1751 松室仲子 Matsumuro Shigenaka s daughter Seventeenth son Imperial Prince Priest Son in 1715 1740 尊胤法親王 His posthumous name was created during the Meiji Era by combining the kanji from the names of two previous Emperors Emperor Kōrei 孝霊 and Emperor Kōgen 孝元 Events of Reigen s life Edit9 July 1654 The birth of an Imperial prince who will become known by the posthumous name of Reigen tennō 6 1654 Prince Satohito who is also known as Ate no miya is named as heir before the death of his eldest brother Emperor Go Kōmyō however the young prince is considered too young to become emperor It is decided that until the young heir grows older his elder brother will accede to the throne as Emperor Go Sai 5 March 1663 Kanbun 3 26th day of the 1st month Emperor Go Sai abdicated 7 and Prince Satohito received the succession senso Shortly thereafter Emperor Reigen formally acceded sokui and his reign began 6 1665 Kanbun 5 6th month Courts of inquisition were established in all the villages of Japan These courts were charged with discovering and eliminating any vestiges of Christianity in each community 8 1666 Kanbun 6 4th month Hokke shu Buddhist religious practices are preserved for those who believe that their spiritual and moral purity may be tainted by close association with others 8 View across the roof of Tōdai ji becomes a panoramic vista as seen from the elevated walkway of Nigatsu dō 1667 Kanbun 7 After fire destroyed the main temple structure work on rebuilding Nigatsu dō 二月堂 at Nara commenced 8 13 February 1668 Kanbun 8 1st day of the 2nd month A great fire broke out in Edo a conflagration lasting 45 days The disastrous fire was attributed to arson 8 1669 Kanbun 9 There was a famine in this year and a military expedition was sent to northern Honshu against Shakushain s Revolt 8 1673 Enpō 1 There was a great fire in Kyoto 8 21 May 1673 Enpō 1 5th day of the 4th month The Chinese Buddhist teacher Ingen dies in the Ōbaku Zen temple Manpuku ji at Uji 8 1675 Enpō 3 There was a great fire in Kyoto 8 4 June 1680 Enpō 8 8th day of the 5th month Shōgun Ietsuna dies and he is succeeded by Tokugawa Tsunayoshi 8 15 June 1680 Enpō 8 19th day of the 5th month Former Emperor Go Mizunoo died 8 1680 Enpō 8 8th month A great flood devastates Edo 8 1680 Enpō 8 Gokoku ji is founded in Edo 8 1681 Tenna 1 Tsunyoshi s investiture as shōgun 8 5 February 1682 Tenna 1 28th day of the 12th month A great fire sweeps through Edo 9 1681 Tenna 2 A great famine devastates Kyoto and the surrounding area 9 1682 Tenna 3 Tomohito shinnō is proclaimed Crown Prince and the ceremonial investiture is held after being in abeyance for over 300 years 2 26 March 1685 Jōkyō 2 22nd day of the 2nd month Former Emperor Go Sai died and a great comet was observed crossing the night sky 9 2 May 1687 Jōkyō 4 21st day of the 3rd month Emperor Reigen abdicates in favor of his fifth son who will come to be known as Emperor Higashiyama 9 1687 Former Emperor Reigen begins to rule as a cloistered emperor and after abdication Reigen s new home will be called the Sentō gosho the palace for an ex Emperor 10 4 December 1696 Former Empress Meishō died 1713 Former Emperor Reigen enters a monastery under the name Sojō 素浄 1715 Former Emperor Reigen s 13th daughter Princess Yoshiko 1714 1758 married seventh Tokugawa shōgun Ietsugu 1716 The seventh Tokugawa shōgun Ietsugu died he was aged 7 24 September 1732 Kyōhō 17 24th day of the 9th month Reigen died 6 he was age 78 Emperor Reigen s memory is honored and preserved at his designated Imperial mausoleum misasagi Tsuki no wa no misasagi at Sennyu ji in Higashiyama ku Kyoto His immediate Imperial predecessors since Emperor Go Mizunoo Meishō Go Kōmyō and Go Sai are also enshrined along with his immediate Imperial successors including Higashiyama Nakamikado Sakuramachi Momozono Go Sakuramachi and Go Momozono 11 Kugyō Edit Kugyō 公卿 is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the Emperor of Japan in pre Meiji eras Even during those years in which the court s actual influence outside the palace walls was minimal the hierarchic organization persisted In general this elite group included only three to four men at a time These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life s career During Reigen s reign this apex of the Daijō kan included Sesshō Nijō Mitsuhira 1663 1664 Sessho Takatsukasa Fusasuke 1664 1668 Kampaku Takatsukasa Fusasuke 1668 1682 Kampaku Ichijō Kaneteru 1682 1687 Sadaijin Udaijin Naidaijin DainagonEras of Reigen s reign EditThe years of Reigen s reign are more specifically identified by more than one era name or nengō 8 Kanbun 1661 1673 Enpō 1673 1681 Tenna 1681 1684 Jōkyō 1684 1688 Ancestry Edit 12 Ancestors of Emperor Reigen16 Emperor Ōgimachi 1517 1593 8 Prince Masahito 1552 1586 17 Madenokōji Fusako d 1581 4 Emperor Go Yōzei 1571 1617 18 Kanshuji Haruhide 1523 1577 9 Kanshuji Haruko 1553 1620 19 Awaya Motoko2 Emperor Go Mizunoo 1596 1680 20 Konoe Taneie 1502 1566 10 Konoe Sakihisa 1536 1612 21 Koga Keiko5 Konoe Sakiko 1575 1630 11 Takeda1 Emperor Reigen24 Sono Mototsugu 1526 1602 12 Sono Mototada 1573 1613 6 Sono Motonari 1604 1655 3 Sono Kuniko 1624 1677 28 Tani Moriyoshi 1529 1579 14 Tani Moritomo 1st Lord of Yamaga 1563 1628 7 Tani15 KinoshitaNotes Edit Japanese Imperial kamon a stylized chrysanthemum blossom Imperial Household Agency Kunaichō 霊元天皇 112 a b c Ponsonby Fane Richard 1959 The Imperial House of Japan pp 117 Titsingh Isaac 1834 Annales des empereurs du japon pp 414 415 Ponsonby Fane p 9 Ponsonby Fane p 10 a b c Meyer Eva Maria 1999 Japans Kaiserhof in der Edo Zeit p 186 Titsingh p 414 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Titsingh p 414 a b c d Titsingh p 415 Ponsonby Fane Richard 1956 Kyoto The Old Capital of Japan 794 1869 p 342 Ponsonby Fane Imperial House p 423 Genealogy Reichsarchiv in Japanese Retrieved 20 January 2018 References EditMeyer Eva Maria 1999 Japans Kaiserhof in der Edo Zeit unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Jahre 1846 bis 1867 Munster LIT Verlag ISBN 978 3 8258 3939 0 OCLC 42041594 Ponsonby Fane Richard Arthur Brabazon 1956 Kyoto The Old Capital of Japan 794 1869 Kyoto Ponsonby Memorial Society OCLC 182637732 1959 The Imperial House of Japan Kyoto Ponsonby Memorial Society OCLC 194887 Titsingh Isaac 1834 Nihon Ōdai Ichiran ou Annales des empereurs du Japon Paris Royal Asiatic Society Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland OCLC 5850691 Varley H Paul 1980 Jinnō Shōtōki A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns New York Columbia University Press ISBN 978 0 231 04940 5 OCLC 59145842See also EditEmperor of Japan List of Emperors of Japan Imperial cultRegnal titlesPreceded byEmperor Go Sai Emperor of Japan Reigen1663 1687 Succeeded byEmperor Higashiyama Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Emperor Reigen amp oldid 1107485174, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
