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Lanarkshire

January 18, 2023

Not to be confused with Lancashire.

Lanarkshire, also called the County of Lanark (Scottish Gaelic: Siorrachd Lannraig; Scots: Lanrikshire), is a historic county, lieutenancy area and registration county in the Central Lowlands of Scotland. The county is no longer used for local government purposes, but gives its name to the two modern council areas of North Lanarkshire and South Lanarkshire.

Lanarkshire
Historic county
Rolling Lanarkshire countryside near Lanark
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Country Scotland
County townLanark (historic)
Glasgow (1890–1964)
Hamilton (1964–1975)
Area
 • Total879 sq mi (2,277 km2)
 Ranked 11th of 34
Chapman code
LKS

The county was established as a shire (the area controlled by a sheriff) in the twelfth century, covering most of the basin of the River Clyde. The area was sometimes known as Clydesdale. In the early fifteenth century the western part of the shire was removed from it to become Renfrewshire. Lanarkshire also included Glasgow until 1893 when the city was made a county of itself. A Lanarkshire County Council existed from 1890 until 1975, based in Glasgow until 1964 and then at Hamilton after 1964.

Lanarkshire is generally bounded to the north by Dunbartonshire and Stirlingshire, to the north-east by West Lothian and Midlothian, to the east by Peeblesshire, to the south by Dumfriesshire, and to the west by Ayrshire and Renfrewshire. The county is more rural in the south where it extends into the hills of the Southern Uplands, and more built-up in the north where it includes much of the Greater Glasgow conurbation, Scotland's largest urban area.

History

 
Map of Scottish provinces in 1689, with Lanarkshire labelled as "Clydesdale".

It is not known exactly when the shire of Lanark was created; it seems likely that it was created by David I (reigned 1124–1153) who was generally responsible for introducing shires as part of his introduction of Anglo-Norman style administration to Scotland. However, the first documented reference to Lanarkshire dates from the reign of David's successor, Malcolm IV (reigned 1153–1165).[1]

Lanarkshire covered much of the basin of the River Clyde, and took its name from the town of Lanark, which is near the geographic centre of the county and served as the first county town. When first created the shire included on its western side land on the south bank of the Clyde stretching out to the Firth of Clyde. This western area was made the separate county of Renfrewshire in the early fifteenth century. The remainder of Lanarkshire was then divided into two wards, each with their own sheriff-substitute: Over Ward was administered from Lanark, and Nether Ward was administered from Rutherglen and Hamilton at different times.[2] In the mid-eighteenth century the two wards were replaced with three wards: Upper Ward based in Lanark, Middle Ward based in Hamilton, and Lower Ward based in Glasgow.[3][4]

 
The former headquarters of Lanark County Council at Lanarkshire House in Glasgow

Elected county councils were created in 1890 under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889. Lanarkshire County Council covered the combined area of the three wards, but excluding the three burghs of Airdrie, Glasgow and Hamilton, which were deemed capable of running their own affairs. Glasgow was subsequently made a county of itself in 1893, also removing the city from Lanarkshire for judicial and lieutenancy purposes.[5] Reforms to county council powers in 1930 saw Airdrie and Hamilton brought within the administrative area of the county council.[6]

 
County Buildings, Hamilton: County Council's headquarters after 1964.

Lanarkshire County Council was initially based at County Buildings in Wilson Street in Glasgow; whilst the city was outside the area controlled by the county council, it was found to be the most accessible meeting place for the councillors. From 1930 the county council was based at Lanarkshire House in Ingram Street in Glasgow.[7][8] Lanark County Council relocated to Lanark County Buildings in Hamilton in 1964.[9][10]

In 1975, the county council was abolished under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973, which established a new system of upper-tier regions and lower-tier districts. Lanarkshire was included within the Strathclyde region, and the county council's former area was divided between seven districts:

Further reforms in 1996 under the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994 saw the regions and districts abolished and replaced by all-purpose unitary council areas. Since then Lanarkshire has straddled the modern council areas of:

North Lanarkshire and South Lanarkshire have a joint board for valuation and electoral registration. There is also a joint health board, which does not cover Rutherglen and the surrounding area in South Lanarkshire. Without the northern portion of North Lanarkshire, this is also a lieutenancy area.

Coat of arms

 
Lanarkshire's arms, as seen on the Great Western Bridge in Glasgow

Lanarkshire was granted a coat of arms by the Lord Lyon on 24 December 1886. The arms is: Party per chevron gules and argent, two cinquefoils pierced in chief ermine, and in base a man's heart counter-changed. The cinquefoils come from the arms of the Clan Hamilton, and the heart from the arms of the Clan Douglas, the two main local families. The crest is a demi-eagle displayed with two heads, sable beaked gules. The motto is VIGILANTIA.[11]

Geography

 
Tinto hill near Symington

Lanarkshire occupies the valley of the river Clyde, which crosses the county from the north-west to south-east. It is predominantly flat and agricultural, rising to the south with the Lowther Hills of the Southern Uplands, with Culter Fell on the border with Peeblesshire being the highest point at 748 m (2,454 ft). In the east a small portion of the Pentland Hills lie in the county, in the vicinity of Tarbrax and Dunsyre. In the far south lies the Daer Reservoir. Northern Lanarkshire is dominated by the Glasgow conurbation, Scotland's largest city, though some small bodies of water can be found such as the Roughrigg Reservoir, Lilly Loch, Hillend Reservoir, Forrestburn Reservoir and Black Loch. Other significant settlements include Coatbridge, East Kilbride, Motherwell, Airdrie, Blantyre, Cambuslang, Rutherglen, Wishaw, Bellshill, Strathaven and Carluke.[12]

Rivers

Mining industry

From the mid-eighteenth century to the early twentieth century Lanarkshire profited from its rich seams of coal in places such as Glenboig.[4] As the coal industry developed around Glasgow in the 1700s the price of coal to the city rose under the control of a cartel of coal owners.[13] The solution was to carve out a canal to take advantage of the good (and uncontrolled) coal deposits of the Monklands area. By 1793, the Monklands canal was completed and the Lanarkshire coal industry thrived.[14] The resulting boom lasted for over 100 years but reached its peak by the second decade of the twentieth century and even two world wars failed to halt the contraction. Output in the county continued to fall and the National Coal Board concentrated investment in Ayrshire, Fife and the Lothians. By 1970 there were only four collieries left in Lanarkshire and the closure of Cardowan in 1983 brought the long decline to an end.[15]

Transport

 
The West Coast Mainline running through Motherwell

The M74 motorway links Glasgow with Carlisle and points further south, with the M8 linking the city to Edinburgh. Glasgow and the surrounding areas are well served by numerous roads and train lines. The West Coast Main Line cuts north–south across the county and connects Glasgow with Manchester, Birmingham and London. Glasgow is also served by the Glasgow Subway.

Events

Lanarkshire hosted the International Children's Games in August 2011.[16] A total of 1,300 competitors and coaches, along with administrators and delegates, representing 77 cities from 33 countries worldwide attended.

Civil parishes

 
Map of Lanarkshire in the Imperial Gazetteer of Scotland, 1868

Settlements

  •  

    Airdrie

  •  

    Carluke

  •  

    Glasgow

  •  

    New Lanark

Maps

Digitised historic and modern maps of Lanarkshire are available from National Library of Scotland including:

  • Glasgow and the county of Lanark manuscript map drawn by Scottish cartographer Timothy Pont sometime between 1583 and 1596
  • The nether ward of Clyds-dail and Glasco from the Blaeu Atlas of Scotland by Dutch cartographer Joan Blaeu published in 1654
  • A mape of the west of Scotland containing Clydsdail, Nithsdail, Ranfrew, Shyre of Ayre, & Galloway manuscript map drawn by the Scottish surveyor and map maker John Adair in about 1685
  • Map of the town of Glasgow & country seven miles around by Scottish cartographer Thomas Richardson published in 1795
  • Ainslie's Map of the Southern Part of Scotland by Scottish cartographer John Ainslie published in 1821
  • North and south of Lanarkshire from John Thomson's Atlas of Scotland published in 1832

References

  Media related to Lanarkshire at Wikimedia Commons

  1. ^ Chalmers, George (1824). Caledonia: Volume III. London: T. Cadell. p. 574. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
  2. ^ "Historical perspective for Old County of Lanarkshire". Scottish-places.info. Retrieved 12 November 2012.
  3. ^ Chalmers, 1824, pp. 568–569
  4. ^ a b "Lanarkshire Scotland". A Vision of Britain through Time. Retrieved 15 August 2018 – via University of Portsmouth.
  5. ^ "County of the City of Glasgow Act 1893", legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives, 1893 c. 188, retrieved 11 January 2023
  6. ^ "Local Government (Scotland) Act 1929", legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives, 1929 c. 25, retrieved 11 January 2023
  7. ^ Historic Environment Scotland. "Corinthian Club (former Sheriff Court and Justice of the Peace Court), 191 Ingram Street, Glasgow (LB32735)". Retrieved 18 July 2021.
  8. ^ "No. 18108". The Edinburgh Gazette. 25 January 1963. p. 65.
  9. ^ "Lanark County Buildings". Dictionary of Scottish Architects. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  10. ^ "No. 18940". The Edinburgh Gazette. 8 December 1970. p. 1060.
  11. ^ "Lanarkshire". Heraldry of the World. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  12. ^ Association of British Counties 24 September 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  13. ^ Hutton, Guthrie (2012). Lanarkshire's Mining Legacy. Catrine: Stenlake Publishing. p. 3. ISBN 9781840336061.
  14. ^ Hutton, Guthrie (2012). Lanarkshire's Mining Legacy. Catrine: Stenlake Publishing. p. 3. ISBN 9781840336061.
  15. ^ Hutton, Guthrie (2012). Lanarkshire's Mining Legacy. Catrine: Stenlake Publishing. pp. 3, 4. ISBN 9781840336061.
  16. ^ "International Children's Games Lanarkshire 2011". Icg-lanarkshire2011.com. Retrieved 12 November 2012.

Coordinates: 55°35′N 3°50′W / 55.583°N 3.833°W / 55.583; -3.833

January 18, 2023
lanarkshire, confused, with, lancashire, also, called, county, lanark, scottish, gaelic, siorrachd, lannraig, scots, lanrikshire, historic, county, lieutenancy, area, registration, county, central, lowlands, scotland, county, longer, used, local, government, p. Not to be confused with Lancashire Lanarkshire also called the County of Lanark Scottish Gaelic Siorrachd Lannraig Scots Lanrikshire is a historic county lieutenancy area and registration county in the Central Lowlands of Scotland The county is no longer used for local government purposes but gives its name to the two modern council areas of North Lanarkshire and South Lanarkshire LanarkshireHistoric countyRolling Lanarkshire countryside near LanarkSovereign state United KingdomCountry ScotlandCounty townLanark historic Glasgow 1890 1964 Hamilton 1964 1975 Area Total879 sq mi 2 277 km2 Ranked 11th of 34Chapman codeLKSThe county was established as a shire the area controlled by a sheriff in the twelfth century covering most of the basin of the River Clyde The area was sometimes known as Clydesdale In the early fifteenth century the western part of the shire was removed from it to become Renfrewshire Lanarkshire also included Glasgow until 1893 when the city was made a county of itself A Lanarkshire County Council existed from 1890 until 1975 based in Glasgow until 1964 and then at Hamilton after 1964 Lanarkshire is generally bounded to the north by Dunbartonshire and Stirlingshire to the north east by West Lothian and Midlothian to the east by Peeblesshire to the south by Dumfriesshire and to the west by Ayrshire and Renfrewshire The county is more rural in the south where it extends into the hills of the Southern Uplands and more built up in the north where it includes much of the Greater Glasgow conurbation Scotland s largest urban area Contents 1 History 2 Coat of arms 3 Geography 3 1 Rivers 4 Mining industry 5 Transport 6 Events 7 Civil parishes 8 Settlements 9 Maps 10 ReferencesHistory Edit Map of Scottish provinces in 1689 with Lanarkshire labelled as Clydesdale It is not known exactly when the shire of Lanark was created it seems likely that it was created by David I reigned 1124 1153 who was generally responsible for introducing shires as part of his introduction of Anglo Norman style administration to Scotland However the first documented reference to Lanarkshire dates from the reign of David s successor Malcolm IV reigned 1153 1165 1 Lanarkshire covered much of the basin of the River Clyde and took its name from the town of Lanark which is near the geographic centre of the county and served as the first county town When first created the shire included on its western side land on the south bank of the Clyde stretching out to the Firth of Clyde This western area was made the separate county of Renfrewshire in the early fifteenth century The remainder of Lanarkshire was then divided into two wards each with their own sheriff substitute Over Ward was administered from Lanark and Nether Ward was administered from Rutherglen and Hamilton at different times 2 In the mid eighteenth century the two wards were replaced with three wards Upper Ward based in Lanark Middle Ward based in Hamilton and Lower Ward based in Glasgow 3 4 The former headquarters of Lanark County Council at Lanarkshire House in Glasgow Elected county councils were created in 1890 under the Local Government Scotland Act 1889 Lanarkshire County Council covered the combined area of the three wards but excluding the three burghs of Airdrie Glasgow and Hamilton which were deemed capable of running their own affairs Glasgow was subsequently made a county of itself in 1893 also removing the city from Lanarkshire for judicial and lieutenancy purposes 5 Reforms to county council powers in 1930 saw Airdrie and Hamilton brought within the administrative area of the county council 6 County Buildings Hamilton County Council s headquarters after 1964 Lanarkshire County Council was initially based at County Buildings in Wilson Street in Glasgow whilst the city was outside the area controlled by the county council it was found to be the most accessible meeting place for the councillors From 1930 the county council was based at Lanarkshire House in Ingram Street in Glasgow 7 8 Lanark County Council relocated to Lanark County Buildings in Hamilton in 1964 9 10 In 1975 the county council was abolished under the Local Government Scotland Act 1973 which established a new system of upper tier regions and lower tier districts Lanarkshire was included within the Strathclyde region and the county council s former area was divided between seven districts Clydesdale East Kilbride Glasgow Hamilton Monklands Motherwell StrathkelvinFurther reforms in 1996 under the Local Government etc Scotland Act 1994 saw the regions and districts abolished and replaced by all purpose unitary council areas Since then Lanarkshire has straddled the modern council areas of East Dunbartonshire Glasgow North Lanarkshire South LanarkshireNorth Lanarkshire and South Lanarkshire have a joint board for valuation and electoral registration There is also a joint health board which does not cover Rutherglen and the surrounding area in South Lanarkshire Without the northern portion of North Lanarkshire this is also a lieutenancy area Coat of arms Edit Lanarkshire s arms as seen on the Great Western Bridge in Glasgow Lanarkshire was granted a coat of arms by the Lord Lyon on 24 December 1886 The arms is Party per chevron gules and argent two cinquefoils pierced in chief ermine and in base a man s heart counter changed The cinquefoils come from the arms of the Clan Hamilton and the heart from the arms of the Clan Douglas the two main local families The crest is a demi eagle displayed with two heads sable beaked gules The motto is VIGILANTIA 11 Geography Edit Tinto hill near Symington Lanarkshire occupies the valley of the river Clyde which crosses the county from the north west to south east It is predominantly flat and agricultural rising to the south with the Lowther Hills of the Southern Uplands with Culter Fell on the border with Peeblesshire being the highest point at 748 m 2 454 ft In the east a small portion of the Pentland Hills lie in the county in the vicinity of Tarbrax and Dunsyre In the far south lies the Daer Reservoir Northern Lanarkshire is dominated by the Glasgow conurbation Scotland s largest city though some small bodies of water can be found such as the Roughrigg Reservoir Lilly Loch Hillend Reservoir Forrestburn Reservoir and Black Loch Other significant settlements include Coatbridge East Kilbride Motherwell Airdrie Blantyre Cambuslang Rutherglen Wishaw Bellshill Strathaven and Carluke 12 Rivers Edit North Medwin River South Medwin River River Clyde River Avon South Calder WaterMining industry EditFrom the mid eighteenth century to the early twentieth century Lanarkshire profited from its rich seams of coal in places such as Glenboig 4 As the coal industry developed around Glasgow in the 1700s the price of coal to the city rose under the control of a cartel of coal owners 13 The solution was to carve out a canal to take advantage of the good and uncontrolled coal deposits of the Monklands area By 1793 the Monklands canal was completed and the Lanarkshire coal industry thrived 14 The resulting boom lasted for over 100 years but reached its peak by the second decade of the twentieth century and even two world wars failed to halt the contraction Output in the county continued to fall and the National Coal Board concentrated investment in Ayrshire Fife and the Lothians By 1970 there were only four collieries left in Lanarkshire and the closure of Cardowan in 1983 brought the long decline to an end 15 Transport Edit The West Coast Mainline running through Motherwell The M74 motorway links Glasgow with Carlisle and points further south with the M8 linking the city to Edinburgh Glasgow and the surrounding areas are well served by numerous roads and train lines The West Coast Main Line cuts north south across the county and connects Glasgow with Manchester Birmingham and London Glasgow is also served by the Glasgow Subway Events EditLanarkshire hosted the International Children s Games in August 2011 16 A total of 1 300 competitors and coaches along with administrators and delegates representing 77 cities from 33 countries worldwide attended Civil parishes Edit Map of Lanarkshire in the Imperial Gazetteer of Scotland 1868 Barony Glasgow Bothwell Blantyre Biggar Cadder Carmunnock Cambusnethan Carluke Carstairs Carnwath Covington Carmichael Crawfordjohn Crawford Coulter Dalziel Dalserf Dunsyre Dolphinton Douglas Govan Gorbals Glasgow Hamilton East Kilbride Lesmahagow Lanark Libberton Lamington New Monkland Airdrie Old Monkland Pettinain Royalty Rutherglen Shotts Strathaven Stonehouse Symington Wilston Wiston and RobertonSettlements EditAbington Airdrie Allanton Anderston Annathill Ashgill Auchengray Auchenheath Auchenshuggle Auldhouse Baillieston Balornock Bargeddie Barlanark Barmulloch Bellahouston Bellshill Biggar Birkenshaw Birniehill Bishopbriggs Blackhill Blackwood Blantyre Blythswood Hill Bogside Bonkle Bothwell Braehead Braidfauld Braidwood Bridgeton Broomhill Broomhouse Budhill Burnbank Burnside Busby Cadder Calderbank Caldercruix Caldermill Calderwood Calton Cambuslang Camlachie Carnwath Cardowan Carfin Carluke Carmichael Carmunnock Carmyle Carnbroe Carntyne Carstairs Carstairs Junction Cartland Castlemilk Cessnock Chapelhall Chapelton Chryston Cleghorn Cleland Coalburn Coatbridge College Milton Colston Coulter Cowcaddens Cowlairs Craigend Craigton Cranhill Crawford Crawfordjohn Croftfoot Crossford Crutherland Dalmarnock Dalserf Dennistoun Dolphinton Douglas Dowanhill Drumoyne Drumsagard Dumbreck Dunsyre East Crindledyke Eastfield East Kilbride East Mains Easterhouse Easthall Elsrickle Fernhill Ferniegair Finnieston Forrestfield Forth Gallowgate Gardenhall Garnethill Garnkirk Garrion Bridge Garrowhill Gartcosh Gartloch Garthamlock Germiston Gilshochill Glasgow Glasgow Harbour Glassford Glenboig Glenmavis Glespin Gorbals Govan Govanhill Greenfield Greengairs Greenhills Haghill Hairmyres Halfwayhouse Hamilton Hamiltonhill Harthope Harthill Hartwood Hillhead Hillhouse Hogganfield Holytown Hutchesontown Hyndland Ibrox Jackton Kelvin Kelvinbridge Kelvindale Kelvinside Kilncadzow King s Park Kinning Park Kingston Kirkfieldbank Kirkhill Kirkmuirhill Lambhill Lamington Lanark Larkhall Laurieston Law Leadhills Lesmahagow Lightburn Lilybank Lindsayfield Linthouse Longriggend Luggiebank Maryhill Maryhill Park Millerston Milton Mollinsburn Morningside Moodiesburn Mossend Mossneuk Motherwell Mount Vernon Muirhead The Murray Nemphlar Nerston Netherburn New Lanark New Stevenston Newarthill Newbank Newbigging Newhouse Newlandsmuir Newmains Newton North Kelvinside Oatlands Overtown Park District Parkhead Parkhouse Partick Partickhill Peel Park Pettinain Philipshill Plains Plantation Port Dundas Possilpark Provanhall Provanmill Quarter Queenslie Quothquan Ravenscraig Ravenstruther Riddrie Rigside Robertson Robroyston Rosebank Royston Ruchazie Ruchill Rutherglen St Leonards Salsburgh Sandford Sandyhills Shettleston Shieldhall Shotts Sighthill South Busby Springboig Springburn Springhill Stand Stepps Stewartfield Stonehouse Strathaven Summerston Swinton Symington Tannochside Tarbrax Thankerton Thorntonhall Thornwood Tillietudlem Tollcross Toryglen Townhead Tradeston Uddingston Viewpark The Village Wattston Wellhouse Westburn West Mains Westwood Westwoodhill Whitehills Whiteinch Whitlawburn Wilsontown Wishaw Wiston Woodlands Woolfords Yieldshields Yorkhill Airdrie Carluke Glasgow New LanarkMaps EditDigitised historic and modern maps of Lanarkshire are available from National Library of Scotland including Glasgow and the county of Lanark manuscript map drawn by Scottish cartographer Timothy Pont sometime between 1583 and 1596 The nether ward of Clyds dail and Glasco from the Blaeu Atlas of Scotland by Dutch cartographer Joan Blaeu published in 1654 A mape of the west of Scotland containing Clydsdail Nithsdail Ranfrew Shyre of Ayre amp Galloway manuscript map drawn by the Scottish surveyor and map maker John Adair in about 1685 Map of the town of Glasgow amp country seven miles around by Scottish cartographer Thomas Richardson published in 1795 Ainslie s Map of the Southern Part of Scotland by Scottish cartographer John Ainslie published in 1821 North and south of Lanarkshire from John Thomson s Atlas of Scotland published in 1832References Edit Media related to Lanarkshire at Wikimedia Commons Chalmers George 1824 Caledonia Volume III London T Cadell p 574 Retrieved 11 January 2023 Historical perspective for Old County of Lanarkshire Scottish places info Retrieved 12 November 2012 Chalmers 1824 pp 568 569 a b Lanarkshire Scotland A Vision of Britain through Time Retrieved 15 August 2018 via University of Portsmouth County of the City of Glasgow Act 1893 legislation gov uk The National Archives 1893 c 188 retrieved 11 January 2023 Local Government Scotland Act 1929 legislation gov uk The National Archives 1929 c 25 retrieved 11 January 2023 Historic Environment Scotland Corinthian Club former Sheriff Court and Justice of the Peace Court 191 Ingram Street Glasgow LB32735 Retrieved 18 July 2021 No 18108 The Edinburgh Gazette 25 January 1963 p 65 Lanark County Buildings Dictionary of Scottish Architects Retrieved 11 November 2021 No 18940 The Edinburgh Gazette 8 December 1970 p 1060 Lanarkshire Heraldry of the World Retrieved 17 December 2017 Association of British Counties Archived 24 September 2012 at the Wayback Machine Hutton Guthrie 2012 Lanarkshire s Mining Legacy Catrine Stenlake Publishing p 3 ISBN 9781840336061 Hutton Guthrie 2012 Lanarkshire s Mining Legacy Catrine Stenlake Publishing p 3 ISBN 9781840336061 Hutton Guthrie 2012 Lanarkshire s Mining Legacy Catrine Stenlake Publishing pp 3 4 ISBN 9781840336061 International Children s Games Lanarkshire 2011 Icg lanarkshire2011 com Retrieved 12 November 2012 Coordinates 55 35 N 3 50 W 55 583 N 3 833 W 55 583 3 833 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Lanarkshire amp oldid 1132953776, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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