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Foreign relations of Sweden

April 16, 2024

The foreign policy of Sweden was formerly based on the premise that national security is best served by staying free of alliances in peacetime in order to remain a neutral country in the event of war, with this policy lasting from 1814 in the context of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars until the 2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine. In 2002, Sweden revised its security doctrine. The security doctrine at that point still stated that "Sweden pursues a policy of non-participation in military alliances," but permitted cooperation in response to threats against peace and security. The government also seeks to maintain Sweden's high standard of living. These two objectives required heavy expenditures for social welfare, defence spending at rates considered low by Western European standards (around 1.2% of GNP prior to 2022),[1] and close attention to foreign trade opportunities and world economic cooperation. In 2024, Sweden formally became part of a military alliance for the first time since the end of the War of the Sixth Coalition by joining NATO.

Foreign policy edit

The foreign policy of Sweden encompasses a range of themes over the centuries. Some of the main issues include:[2][3][4][5]

  • Sweden has historically pursued a policy of neutrality, aiming to avoid involvement in conflicts between major powers. This neutrality allowed Sweden to navigate the tumultuous European political landscape and maintain its sovereignty. It dropped the neutrality policy in 2022–2024 in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, and joined NATO on 7 March, 2024.
  • Sweden has sought to maintain a balance of power in Northern Europe, acting as a counterweight to dominant regional powers. This approach aimed to prevent any single power from gaining excessive influence and threatening Swedish interests.
  • Sweden's historical dominance in the Baltic Sea region played a crucial role in shaping its diplomatic history. Through territorial expansion, Sweden established control over strategic territories, such as present-day Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and parts of Russia, impacting its relations with neighboring states.
  • During the 17th and 18th centuries, Sweden emerged as a major European power, participating in conflicts such as the Thirty Years' War and the Great Northern War. Its diplomatic efforts were often influenced by power struggles with other European great powers, such as Russia and Poland.
  • Sweden has actively engaged in peace mediation efforts, seeking to resolve conflicts and broker peace agreements. Notable examples include the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, which ended the Thirty Years' War, and various mediation efforts during the 20th century.
  • Sweden has a longstanding tradition of promoting international cooperation, human rights, and humanitarian initiatives. It has been involved in the establishment of international organizations such as the League of Nations and the United Nations, and has championed causes such as humanitarian aid and disarmament.
  • Sweden has pursued close ties and cooperation with its neighboring Nordic countries, particularly Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and Norway. This commitment to Scandinavian unity has been reflected in diplomatic initiatives, trade agreements, and cultural exchanges.
  • Sweden's relationship with the European Union (EU) has been a significant theme in its recent diplomatic history. While Sweden joined the EU in 1995, it has maintained a somewhat reserved approach, often balancing its national interests with EU membership.
  • Sweden has been an advocate for global development and has provided substantial aid to developing countries. It has sought to address global inequalities and promote sustainable development through its aid programs, often challenging neocolonial practices.
  • In the 21st century, Sweden has gained attention for its feminist foreign policy approach, which aims to integrate gender equality into its diplomatic efforts. Sweden has been a leading advocate for women's rights globally, emphasizing the inclusion and empowerment of women in peacebuilding, conflict resolution, and development processes.

United Nations edit

Main article: Sweden and the United Nations

Sweden has been a member of the United Nations since November 19, 1946, and participates actively in the activities of the organization, including as an elected member of the Security Council (1957–1958, 1975–1976, 1997–1998 and 2017–2018), providing Dag Hammarskjöld as the second elected Secretary-General of the UN, etc. The strong interest of the Swedish Government and people in international cooperation and peacemaking has been supplemented in the early 1980s by renewed attention to Nordic and European security questions.

Sweden decided not to sign the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons.[6]

European Union edit

 
  EU members in 1995
  Sweden, Austria and Finland

After the then Prime Minister Ingvar Carlsson had submitted Sweden's application in July 1991 the negotiations began in February 1993. Finally, on January 1, 1995, Sweden became a member of the European Union. While some argued that it went against Sweden's historic policy of neutrality, where Sweden had not joined during the Cold War because it was seen as incompatible with neutrality, others viewed the move as a natural extension of the economic cooperation that had been going on since 1972 with the EU.[citation needed] Sweden addressed this controversy by reserving the right not to participate in any future EU defence alliance. In membership negotiations in 1993–1994, Sweden also had reserved the right to make the final decision on whether to join the third stage of the EMU "in light of continued developments." In a nationwide referendum in November 1994, 52.3 percent of participants voted in favour of EU membership. Voter turnout was high, 83.3 percent of the eligible voters voted. The main Swedish concerns included winning popular support for EU cooperation, EU enlargement, and strengthening the EU in areas such as economic growth, job promotion, and environmental issues.

In polls taken a few years after the referendum, many Swedes indicated that they were unhappy with Sweden's membership in the EU. However, after Sweden successfully hosted its first presidency of the EU in the first half of 2001, most Swedes today have a more positive attitude towards the EU. The government, with the support of the Center Party, decided in spring 1997 to remain outside of the EMU, at least until 2002. A referendum was held on September 14, 2003. The results were 55.9% for no, 42.0% yes and 2.1% giving no answer ("blank vote").

Nordic Council edit

Swedish foreign policy has been the result of a wide consensus. Sweden cooperates closely with its Nordic neighbors, formally in economic and social matters through the Nordic Council of Ministers and informally in political matters through direct consultation.

Nonalignment edit

Main articles: Sweden–NATO relations and Swedish neutrality
 
Swedish Prime Minister Stefan Löfven with Iranian Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, February 11, 2017

Swedish neutrality and nonalignment policy in peacetime may partly explain how the country could stay out of wars since 1814. Swedish governments have not defined nonalignment as precluding outspoken positions in international affairs. Government leaders have favored national liberation movements that enjoy broad support among developing world countries, with notable attention to Africa. During the Cold War, Sweden was suspicious of the superpowers, which it saw as making decisions affecting small countries without always consulting those countries. With the end of the Cold War, that suspicion has lessened somewhat, although Sweden still chooses to remain nonaligned. Sweden has devoted particular attention to issues of disarmament, arms control, and nuclear nonproliferation and has contributed importantly to UN and other international peacekeeping efforts, including the NATO-led peacekeeping forces in the Balkans. It sat as an observer in the Western European Union from 1995 to 2011, but it is not an active member of NATO's Partnership for Peace and the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council.

Sweden's engagement with NATO was especially strengthened during the term of Anders Fogh Rasmussen.[7]

Sweden's nonalignment policy has led it to serve as the protecting power for a number of nations who don't have formal diplomatic relations with each other for various reasons. It currently represents the United States, Canada, and several Western European nations in North Korea for consular matters. On several occasions when the United Kingdom broke off relations with Iran (including the 1979 Iranian Revolution, the Salman Rushdie affair, and the 2011 storming of the British embassy in Tehran), Sweden served as the protecting power for the UK.

In May 2022, Sweden formally applied to join the NATO alliance. The public opinion in the Nordic region had changed in favour of joining NATO since Russia's invasion of Ukraine on February 24 of the same year.[8]

Russian Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Maria Zakharova said in March 2022 that her government would have to respond if Sweden became a NATO member.[9] However, in June 2022 President Vladimir Putin contradicted the statement, claiming that Sweden and Finland can "join whatever they want" on the condition that there will be no NATO military deployment in either country.[10]

Military edit

Sweden has employed its military on numerous occasions since the end of the Cold War, from Bosnia and Congo to Afghanistan and Libya. According to one study, "this military activism is driven both by the Swedish internationalist tradition of "doing good" in the world, but also for instrumental purposes. These include a desire for political influence in international institutions, an interest in collective milieu shaping, and a concern to improve the interoperability and effectiveness of the Swedish military."[11]

Participation in international organizations edit

Multilateral edit

Organization Formal Relations Began Notes
  European Union See 1995 enlargement of the European Union

Sweden joined the European Union as a full member on 1 January 1995.

  NATO See Sweden–NATO relations

Sweden joined NATO as a full member on 7 March 2024.

Diplomatic relations edit

List of countries which Sweden maintains diplomatic relations with:

 
# Country Date
1   Denmark 6 June 1523[12]
2   France October 1541[13]
3   Turkey 1603[14]
4   Netherlands April 1614[15]
5   Portugal 29 July 1641[16]
6   Spain 1651[17]
7   United Kingdom 23 December 1653[18]
8   Austria 1682[19]
9   Russia 15 March 1722[20]
10   United States 29 April 1818[21]
11   Brazil 1826[22]
12   Greece 24 January 1833[23]
13   Belgium 23 February 1837[24]
14   Venezuela 5 September 1839[25]
15   Italy 23 December 1859[26]
16   Ethiopia 1866[27]
17   Japan 11 January 1868[28]
18   Thailand 18 May 1868[29]
19   Argentina 6 June 1872[30]
20   Colombia 11 December 1874[31]
21   El Salvador 1 October 1876[32]
22   Costa Rica 1883[33]
23   Mexico 29 July 1885[34]
24    Switzerland 1887[35]
25   Chile 14 June 1895[36]
26   Iran 5 September 1897[37]
27   Cuba 20 November 1902[38]
28   Norway 18 November 1905[39]
29   Uruguay 6 August 1906[40]
30   Bulgaria 6 July 1914[41]
31   Romania 18 March 1916[42]
32   Serbia 1 November 1917[43]
33   Finland 10 January 1918[44]
34   Poland 2 August 1919[45]
35   Hungary 12 November 1920[46]
36   Czech Republic 18 November 1920[47]
37   Egypt 25 November 1922[48]
38   Luxembourg 25 January 1923[49]
39   Paraguay 24 February 1923[50]
40   Guatemala 9 December 1930[51]
41   Ecuador 21 September 1931[52]
42   Bolivia 2 February 1932[53][54]
43   South Africa 30 November 1934[55][56]
44   Honduras 1936[57][58]
45   Iraq 1936[59]
46   Nicaragua 1936[60][61]
47   Panama 3 July 1937[62]
48   Peru 11 February 1938[63]
49   Iceland 27 July 1940[64]
50   Afghanistan 22 November 1940[65]
51   Haiti 31 March 1941[66]
52   Dominican Republic 16 July 1942[67]
53   Canada 4 August 1944[68]
54   Lebanon 7 February 1946[69]
55   Ireland 18 July 1946[70]
56   Philippines 17 January 1947[71]
57   Syria 24 June 1947[72]
58   Sri Lanka 18 November 1949[73]
59   Pakistan 24 November 1949[74]
60   India 1949[75]
61   New Zealand 1949[76]
62   China 9 May 1950[77][78]
63   Israel 12 July 1950[79]
64   Indonesia 23 November 1950[80]
65   Germany 4 April 1951[81]
66   Myanmar 1956[82]
67   Tunisia 1956[83]
68   Sudan 27 October 1957[84]
69   Jordan 1957[85]
70   Saudi Arabia 1957[86]
71   Liberia 6 June 1958[87]
72   Malaysia 6 June 1958[88]
73   Morocco 1958[89]
74   South Korea 11 March 1959[90]
75     Nepal 10 June 1960[91]
76   Somalia 13 July 1960[92]
77   Cyprus 12 December 1960[93]
78   Libya 1960[94]
79   Senegal 8 May 1961[95]
80   Nigeria 3 October 1961[96]
81   Benin 21 November 1961[97]
82   Madagascar 1961[98]
83   Ghana 27 April 1962[99]
84   Guinea 26 November 1962[100]
85   Democratic Republic of the Congo 1962[101]
86   Sierra Leone 1962[102]
87   Algeria 19 July 1963[103]
88   Ivory Coast 31 December 1963[104]
89   Australia 1963[105]
90   Kenya January 1964[106]
91   Uganda 9 April 1964[107]
92   Tanzania 29 May 1964[108]
93   Mongolia 30 June 1964[109]
94   Cameroon 24 September 1964[110]
95   Laos 10 October 1964[111]
96   Kuwait 22 December 1964[112]
97   Niger 1964[113]
98   Zambia 1964[114]
99   Mali 25 January 1965[115]
100   Burundi 7 December 1965[116]
101   Republic of the Congo 1965[117]
102   Gabon 1965[118]
103   Malawi 1965[119]
104   Singapore 8 February 1966[120]
105   Trinidad and Tobago July 1966[121]
106   Gambia 1968[122]
107   Lesotho 1968[123]
108   Vietnam 11 January 1969[124][125]
109   Albania 20 June 1969[126]
110   Malta June 1969[127]
111   Burkina Faso 1969[128][129]
112   Equatorial Guinea 1969[130]
113   Yemen 29 September 1970[131][132]
114   Mauritania 14 December 1970[133]
115   Botswana 19 December 1970[134]
116   Bangladesh 12 April 1972[135]
117   United Arab Emirates 1972[136]
118   Qatar 29 March 1973[137]
119   North Korea 7 April 1973[138]
120   Mauritius 1973[139]
121   Eswatini 1973[140]
122   Tonga 21 January 1974[141]
123   Bahrain 25 January 1974[142]
124   Jamaica 5 February 1974[143]
125   Oman 15 March 1974[144]
126   Rwanda 1974[145]
127   Guinea-Bissau 14 March 1975[146]
128   Guyana 16 June 1975[147]
129   Mozambique 25 June 1975[148]
130   Barbados 19 March 1976[149]
131   Papua New Guinea 10 November 1976[150]
132   Cape Verde 4 December 1976[151]
133   Comoros 1977[152]
134   Samoa 1977[153]
135   São Tomé and Príncipe 1977[154]
136   Suriname 15 March 1978[155]
137   Togo 15 March 1978[156]
138   Angola 22 March 1978[157]
139   Bahamas 9 May 1978[158]
140   Maldives 21 August 1978[159]
141   Fiji 3 April 1979[160]
142   Seychelles 14 August 1979[161]
143   Solomon Islands 24 October 1979[162]
144   Djibouti 20 February 1980[163]
145   Zimbabwe 30 April 1980[164]
146   Grenada 4 December 1980[165]
147   Vanuatu September 1981[166]
148   Saint Lucia 1981[167]
149   Antigua and Barbuda 11 June 1982[168]
—   Holy See 2 August 1982[169]
150   Belize 17 November 1982[170]
151   Central African Republic 1983[171]
152   Dominica 3 May 1984[172]
153   Brunei 1984[173]
154   Bhutan 27 August 1985[174]
155   San Marino 13 December 1988[175]
156   Namibia 21 March 1990[176]
157   Cambodia 27 April 1991[177]
158   Estonia 28 August 1991[178]
159   Latvia 28 August 1991[179]
160   Lithuania 28 August 1991[180]
161   Ukraine 13 January 1992[181]
162   Belarus 14 January 1992[182]
163   Croatia 29 January 1992[183]
164   Slovenia 29 January 1992[184]
165   Marshall Islands 12 February 1992[185]
166   Kyrgyzstan 25 March 1992[186]
167   Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2 April 1992[187]
168   Saint Kitts and Nevis 3 April 1992[188]
169   Kazakhstan 7 April 1992[189]
170   Uzbekistan 8 April 1992[190]
171   Turkmenistan 10 April 1992[191]
172   Azerbaijan 8 May 1992[192]
173   Moldova 12 June 1992[193]
174   Armenia 10 July 1992[194]
175   Federated States of Micronesia 26 August 1992[195]
176   Georgia 19 September 1992[196]
177   Tajikistan 9 December 1992[197]
178   Bosnia and Herzegovina 11 December 1992[198]
179   Slovakia 1 January 1993[199]
180   Eritrea 24 June 1993[200]
181   North Macedonia 20 December 1993[201]
182   Andorra 16 March 1995[202]
183   Chad 3 August 1995[203]
184   Palau 9 August 1995[204]
185   Liechtenstein 24 October 2001[205]
186   East Timor 20 May 2002[206]
187   Montenegro 26 June 2006[207]
—   Kosovo 28 March 2008[208]
188   Monaco 30 January 2009[209]
189   South Sudan 9 July 2011[210]
190   Tuvalu 24 August 2012[211]
191   Kiribati 28 September 2012[212]
192   Nauru 28 September 2012[213]
—   State of Palestine 30 October 2014[214]

Africa edit

Region Formal relations began Notes
  Egypt 25 November 1922 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 November 1922 when Harald Bildt take up the post of first Swedish Minister to Egypt.[215]
  • Egypt has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Cairo.
  Mozambique 25 June 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 June 1975[148]
  • Mozambique has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Maputo.
  Nigeria 3 October 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 October 1961[216]
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Abuja.
  South Africa See South Africa-Sweden relations
  Sudan 27 October 1957 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 October 1957 when has been accredited Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Sweden to Sudan (Resident in Addis Ababa) Dr. Bjorn Axel Eyvind Bratt.[84]
  • Sudan has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Khartoum.
  Tanzania 29 May 1964 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 May 1964 when Mr. Otto Gustaf Rathsman presented his credentials as Sweden's Ambassador to the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar to President Nyerere.[108]
  • Sweden has an embassy in Dar es Salaam.
  • Tanzania has an embassy in Stockholm.
  Zimbabwe 30 April 1980 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 April 1980 when first Ambassador of Mozambique to Zimbabwe presented his credentials.[217]

Americas edit

Region Formal relations began Notes
  Argentina See Argentina–Sweden relations
  Belize 17 November 1982 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 November 1982[218]
  • Belize has an honorary consulate in Stockholm.
  • Sweden is accredited to Belize from its embassy in Guatemala City and maintains an honorary consulate in Belmopan.
  Bolivia 2 February 1932 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 February 1932[53][54]
  • Bolivia has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in La Paz.
  Brazil See Brazil–Sweden relations
  • Brazil has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Brasília.
  Canada See Canada–Sweden relations
See also: Swedish Canadian

Relations with Canada are close, positive and constructive. Both countries have strong commitments to peacekeeping, UN reform, development assistance, environmental protection, sustainable development, and the promotion and protection of human rights.[219] In addition, there are more than 300,000 Canadians of Swedish descent.[220]

  Chile 1827 See Chile–Sweden relations
  • Chile has an embassy in Stockholm and a consulate in Gothenburg.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Santiago.
  Colombia 11 December 1874
  • Colombia has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Bogotá.
  • Sweden is the 6th largest trade partner of Colombia in the European Union.
  Guyana 16 June 1975

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 June 1975[221]

  • Guyana has an honorary consulate in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an ambassador accredited to Guyana based in Stockholm.
  Mexico 1850[222] See Mexico–Sweden relations.
  Peru 11 February 1938 See Peru–Sweden relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 February 1938.[223]

  • Peru has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Santiago, Chile.[224]
  United States 29 April 1818 See Sweden–United States relations.

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 April 1818[225]

See also: Swedish American

Sweden and the United States have had strong ties since the 18th century.

Asia edit

Country Formal relations began Notes
  Armenia 10 July 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 July 1992[226]
  Azerbaijan 8 May 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 May 1992[229]
  • The embassy of Sweden in Baku opened in 2014.
  • Azerbaijani opened an embassy in Stockholm.[citation needed]
  • Currently, approximately 10 thousand Azerbaijanis live in Sweden, and in addition about 30 thousand Azerbaijanis from Iran.[230]
  • In 2006, a diaspora organization called «Odlar yurdu» was established in Sweden.[230]
  • In 2010, the Congress of Swedish Azerbaijanis was established.[231]
  China See China–Sweden relations
  • China has an embassy in Stockholm and a consulate-general in Gothenburg.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Beijing and consulates-general in Hong Kong and Shanghai.

In July 2019, the UN ambassadors from 22 nations, including Sweden, signed a joint letter to the UNHRC condemning China's mistreatment of the Uyghurs as well as its mistreatment of other minority groups, urging the Chinese government to close the Xinjiang re-education camps.[232][233]

  Georgia 19 September 1992 See Georgia–Sweden relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 September 1992[234]

  India See India–Sweden relations.
  Indonesia See Indonesia–Sweden relations.
  Iran 5 September 1897 See Iran–Sweden relations.

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 September 1897 when has been accredited first Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Persia to Sweden with residence in St. Peterbourg Mirza Reza Khan Ar Faed-Doouleh.[37]

  Iraq See Iraq–Sweden relations.

The Swedish Embassy in Iraq is permanently closed after attacks by protesters over Quran Burning on the Swedish Embassy in Baghdad. Iraq severed ties with Sweden since July 2023, after Swedish authorities allowed a man to burn the Iraqi flag and the Quran in front of the Iraqi Embassy, Stockholm.[235][236][237]

  Israel See Israel–Sweden relations.

Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1949. Israel has an embassy in Stockholm.[238] Sweden has an embassy in Tel Aviv.[239]

  Japan 1868 See Japan–Sweden relations.

Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1868 by signing the Swedish-Japanese Treaty in 1868,.[240]

  Kazakhstan 7 April 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 April 1992[241]
  • Sweden has an embassy in Astana.
  • Kazakhstan has an embassy in Stockholm.
  Kuwait 22 December 1964 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 December 1964 when Sweden opens its Embassy in Kuwait.[112]
  Malaysia See Malaysia–Sweden relations.

Diplomatic relations were established in 1958.[88] Sweden has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur, and Malaysia has an embassy in Stockholm. As of 2009, 90 Swedish companies are present in Malaysia and about 450 Swedish citizens live in Malaysia.

  North Korea April 7, 1973[242] See North Korea–Sweden relations
  Palestine October 30, 2014 See Palestine–Sweden relations.
  Saudi Arabia 1957 Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1957[86]
  South Korea 11 March 1959 See South Korea–Sweden relations

The establishment of diplomatic relations between South Korea and Sweden began on March 11, 1959[90]

  • Sweden has a Working Holiday Program agreement with South Korea. There is no quote for South Korean citizens working in Sweden.
  • Sweden and South Korea are member states of the UN, WTO and OECD.
  • South Korean MFA relations with the Kingdom of Sweden
  Syria 24 June 1947 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 June 1947 when has been accredited Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Sweden to Syria with residence in Cairo Mr. Widar Bagge.[243]
  Turkey See Sweden–Turkey relations.

Europe edit

Region Formal relations began Notes
  Albania 20 June 1969 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 June 1969[126]
  Austria
  • Austria has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Vienna.
  • There are 7,000 Austrians living in Sweden.
  • There are 2,000 Swedes living in Austria.
  • Both countries became members of the European Union in 1 January 1995.
  Belarus 14 January 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 January 1992[246]

There are 3,000 Belarusian living in Sweden and above 1,000 Swedes living in Belarus.

  Belgium 23 February 1837 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 February 1837 when has been accredited Chargé d'Affaires of Belgium to Sweden baron T. Vander Straten Ponthoz.[24]

There is an ethnic group of Walloons living in Sweden making up the 8,000 Belgians living in Sweden and 5,000 Swedes living in Belgium.

  • Belgium has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an ambassador accredited to Belgium based in Stockholm.
  • Both countries are members of the European Union and NATO.
  Bosnia and Herzegovina 15 December 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 December 1992[247]
  Bulgaria July 6, 1914 There are approximately 3,000 Swedes living in Bulgaria and
  Croatia 29 January 1992 See Croatia–Sweden relations.
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 January 1992[248]
  • Croatia has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Zagreb.
  • Sweden joined the European Union as a full member on 1 January 1995, while Croatia joined on 1 July 2013.
  • Both countries are members of the European Union and NATO.
  Cyprus See Cyprus–Sweden relations
  • Cyprus has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Nicosia.
  • Sweden joined the European Union as a full member on 1 January 1995, while Cyprus joined on 1 May 2004.
  Czech Republic 1 January 1993 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 January 1993[249]
  Denmark See Denmark–Sweden relations.

Today, both countries are separated by the Øresund, which links the Baltic Sea and the North Sea. Both countries are full members of the Council of the Baltic Sea States, of the Council of Europe, and of the European Union. There are around 21,000 Swedes living in Denmark and there are around 42,000 Danes living in Sweden.

  Estonia 28 August 1991 See Estonia–Sweden relations.

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 August 1991[250]

Estonia was under Swedish occupation between 1561 and 1721. Sweden re-recognized Estonia on August 27, 1991.

  Finland See Finland–Sweden relations.

Finnish–Swedish relations have a long history (Sweden and Finland were the same country for several hundred years), due to the close relationship between Finland and Sweden. Particularly in Finland, the issue emerges in frequent exposés of Finnish history, and in motives for governmental proposals and actions as reported in Finnish news broadcasts in English or other foreign languages. In Sweden, this relationship is a recurrent important theme of 20th-century history, although maybe by most Swedes considered to be an issue of purely historical relevance now that both countries have been members of the European Union since 1995.

  France See France–Sweden relations.
  Germany See Germany–Sweden relations
  Greece 24 January 1833 See Greece–Sweden relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 January 1833 when Carl Peter von Heidenstam (until then Consul General) has been appointed as Chargé d'Affaires of the Kingdom of Sweden and Norway in Greece.[23]

  Hungary See Hungary–Sweden relations

Diplomacy relations between the two countries started on December 28, 1945.

  • Hungary has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Sweden joined the European Union as a full member on 1 January 1995, while Hungary joined on 1 May 2004.
  • Both countries are members of the European Union and NATO.
  Iceland See Iceland–Sweden relations
  • Iceland has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Reykjavík.
  • Both countries are members of NATO.
  Ireland 18 July 1946 See Ireland–Sweden relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 July 1946[251] Ireland has an embassy in Stockholm.

  Italy 23 December 1859 See Italy–Sweden relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 December 1859 when has been appointed first interim Chargé d'Affaires Giov. Antonio Migliorati.[26]

  Kosovo See Kosovo–Sweden relations

Sweden recognized Kosovo on March 4, 2008.[252] Liaison Office of Sweden in Pristina, subordinated to the Embassy in Skopje, North Macedonia.[253] On March 8, 2008, the Swedish Minister for Foreign Affairs Carl Bildt became the first foreign minister to officially visit Kosovo since it declared its independence.[254] Sweden currently has 243 troops serving in Kosovo as peacekeepers in the NATO led Kosovo Force.[255]

  • Kosovo has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Pristina.
  Latvia 28 August 1991 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 August 1991[256]
  • Latvia has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Riga.
  • Sweden joined the European Union as a full member on 1 January 1995, while Latvia joined on 1 May 2004.
  • Both countries are members of the European Union and NATO.
  Lithuania 28 August 1991 See Lithuania–Sweden relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 August 1991[257]

  • Lithuania has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Vilnius.
  • Sweden joined the European Union as a full member on 1 January 1995, while Lithuania joined on 1 May 2004.
  • Both countries are members of the European Union and NATO.
  Moldova 12 June 1992 See Moldova–Sweden relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 June 1992[258]

Sweden is one of Moldova's top donors. From 1996, Sweden provided Moldova with technical assistance worth 30 million dollars, which significantly helped strengthen sectors such as: protection of human rights, democracy, good governance, public health, education, agriculture, energy, infrastructure, transport and the private sector. Much of the aid is delivered through the Swedish International Development Agency.[259][260] In 2007, the Swedish Government established the 2007–2010 strategy of cooperation with Moldova, which sees 11 million euros in financial assistance annually for three important sectors: good governance, strengthening of com petitiveness in the rural area and reduction of vulnerability in the energy sector.[259]

  The Netherlands See Netherlands–Sweden relations
  Norway See Norway–Sweden relations
  • Norway has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Oslo.
  • Both countries are members of NATO.
  Poland See Poland–Sweden relations
  • Poland has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Sweden joined the European Union as a full member on 1 January 1995, while Poland joined on 1 May 2004.
  • Both countries are members of the European Union and NATO.
  Portugal See Portugal–Sweden relations
  Romania 1 November 1916
  • Romania has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Bucharest.
  • Sweden joined the European Union as a full member on 1 January 1995, while Romania joined on 1 January 2007.
  • Both countries are members of the European Union and NATO.
  Russia See Russia–Sweden relations.
  Serbia See Serbia–Sweden relations.
  Spain See Spain–Sweden relations
   Switzerland
  • Sweden has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Both countries are members of the Council of Europe.
  Ukraine 13 January 1992 See Sweden–Ukraine relations.

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 January 1992[261]

A Ukrainian information bureau was opened 1916 in Stockholm by Volodymyr Stepankivskyi and M. Zaliznyak. In 1918 an official diplomatic mission from the Ukrainian People's Republic headed by K. Lossky was opened in Stockholm.[262] Diplomatic relations between Ukraine and Sweden were established on January 13, 1992.

  United Kingdom See Sweden–United Kingdom relations.

Oceania edit

Country Formal relations began Notes
  Australia See Australia–Sweden relations.
  • Australia has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Canberra and eight honorary consulates: Adelaide, Brisbane, Cairns, Darin, Hobart, Melbourne, Perth and Sydney.
  Fiji 3 April 1979 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 April 1979[263]
  New Zealand See New Zealand–Sweden relations

See also edit

References edit

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April 16, 2024
foreign, relations, sweden, this, article, needs, updated, please, help, update, this, article, reflect, recent, events, newly, available, information, march, 2024, foreign, policy, sweden, formerly, based, premise, that, national, security, best, served, stay. This article needs to be updated Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information March 2024 The foreign policy of Sweden was formerly based on the premise that national security is best served by staying free of alliances in peacetime in order to remain a neutral country in the event of war with this policy lasting from 1814 in the context of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars until the 2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine In 2002 Sweden revised its security doctrine The security doctrine at that point still stated that Sweden pursues a policy of non participation in military alliances but permitted cooperation in response to threats against peace and security The government also seeks to maintain Sweden s high standard of living These two objectives required heavy expenditures for social welfare defence spending at rates considered low by Western European standards around 1 2 of GNP prior to 2022 1 and close attention to foreign trade opportunities and world economic cooperation In 2024 Sweden formally became part of a military alliance for the first time since the end of the War of the Sixth Coalition by joining NATO Contents 1 Foreign policy 2 United Nations 3 European Union 4 Nordic Council 5 Nonalignment 6 Military 7 Participation in international organizations 7 1 Multilateral 8 Diplomatic relations 9 Africa 10 Americas 11 Asia 12 Europe 13 Oceania 14 See also 15 References 16 Further reading 17 External linksForeign policy editThe foreign policy of Sweden encompasses a range of themes over the centuries Some of the main issues include 2 3 4 5 Sweden has historically pursued a policy of neutrality aiming to avoid involvement in conflicts between major powers This neutrality allowed Sweden to navigate the tumultuous European political landscape and maintain its sovereignty It dropped the neutrality policy in 2022 2024 in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine and joined NATO on 7 March 2024 Sweden has sought to maintain a balance of power in Northern Europe acting as a counterweight to dominant regional powers This approach aimed to prevent any single power from gaining excessive influence and threatening Swedish interests Sweden s historical dominance in the Baltic Sea region played a crucial role in shaping its diplomatic history Through territorial expansion Sweden established control over strategic territories such as present day Finland Estonia Latvia and parts of Russia impacting its relations with neighboring states During the 17th and 18th centuries Sweden emerged as a major European power participating in conflicts such as the Thirty Years War and the Great Northern War Its diplomatic efforts were often influenced by power struggles with other European great powers such as Russia and Poland Sweden has actively engaged in peace mediation efforts seeking to resolve conflicts and broker peace agreements Notable examples include the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 which ended the Thirty Years War and various mediation efforts during the 20th century Sweden has a longstanding tradition of promoting international cooperation human rights and humanitarian initiatives It has been involved in the establishment of international organizations such as the League of Nations and the United Nations and has championed causes such as humanitarian aid and disarmament Sweden has pursued close ties and cooperation with its neighboring Nordic countries particularly Denmark Finland Iceland and Norway This commitment to Scandinavian unity has been reflected in diplomatic initiatives trade agreements and cultural exchanges Sweden s relationship with the European Union EU has been a significant theme in its recent diplomatic history While Sweden joined the EU in 1995 it has maintained a somewhat reserved approach often balancing its national interests with EU membership Sweden has been an advocate for global development and has provided substantial aid to developing countries It has sought to address global inequalities and promote sustainable development through its aid programs often challenging neocolonial practices In the 21st century Sweden has gained attention for its feminist foreign policy approach which aims to integrate gender equality into its diplomatic efforts Sweden has been a leading advocate for women s rights globally emphasizing the inclusion and empowerment of women in peacebuilding conflict resolution and development processes United Nations editMain article Sweden and the United Nations Sweden has been a member of the United Nations since November 19 1946 and participates actively in the activities of the organization including as an elected member of the Security Council 1957 1958 1975 1976 1997 1998 and 2017 2018 providing Dag Hammarskjold as the second elected Secretary General of the UN etc The strong interest of the Swedish Government and people in international cooperation and peacemaking has been supplemented in the early 1980s by renewed attention to Nordic and European security questions Sweden decided not to sign the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons 6 European Union edit nbsp EU members in 1995 Sweden Austria and FinlandAfter the then Prime Minister Ingvar Carlsson had submitted Sweden s application in July 1991 the negotiations began in February 1993 Finally on January 1 1995 Sweden became a member of the European Union While some argued that it went against Sweden s historic policy of neutrality where Sweden had not joined during the Cold War because it was seen as incompatible with neutrality others viewed the move as a natural extension of the economic cooperation that had been going on since 1972 with the EU citation needed Sweden addressed this controversy by reserving the right not to participate in any future EU defence alliance In membership negotiations in 1993 1994 Sweden also had reserved the right to make the final decision on whether to join the third stage of the EMU in light of continued developments In a nationwide referendum in November 1994 52 3 percent of participants voted in favour of EU membership Voter turnout was high 83 3 percent of the eligible voters voted The main Swedish concerns included winning popular support for EU cooperation EU enlargement and strengthening the EU in areas such as economic growth job promotion and environmental issues In polls taken a few years after the referendum many Swedes indicated that they were unhappy with Sweden s membership in the EU However after Sweden successfully hosted its first presidency of the EU in the first half of 2001 most Swedes today have a more positive attitude towards the EU The government with the support of the Center Party decided in spring 1997 to remain outside of the EMU at least until 2002 A referendum was held on September 14 2003 The results were 55 9 for no 42 0 yes and 2 1 giving no answer blank vote Nordic Council editSwedish foreign policy has been the result of a wide consensus Sweden cooperates closely with its Nordic neighbors formally in economic and social matters through the Nordic Council of Ministers and informally in political matters through direct consultation Nonalignment editMain articles Sweden NATO relations and Swedish neutrality nbsp Swedish Prime Minister Stefan Lofven with Iranian Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei February 11 2017Swedish neutrality and nonalignment policy in peacetime may partly explain how the country could stay out of wars since 1814 Swedish governments have not defined nonalignment as precluding outspoken positions in international affairs Government leaders have favored national liberation movements that enjoy broad support among developing world countries with notable attention to Africa During the Cold War Sweden was suspicious of the superpowers which it saw as making decisions affecting small countries without always consulting those countries With the end of the Cold War that suspicion has lessened somewhat although Sweden still chooses to remain nonaligned Sweden has devoted particular attention to issues of disarmament arms control and nuclear nonproliferation and has contributed importantly to UN and other international peacekeeping efforts including the NATO led peacekeeping forces in the Balkans It sat as an observer in the Western European Union from 1995 to 2011 but it is not an active member of NATO s Partnership for Peace and the Euro Atlantic Partnership Council Sweden s engagement with NATO was especially strengthened during the term of Anders Fogh Rasmussen 7 Sweden s nonalignment policy has led it to serve as the protecting power for a number of nations who don t have formal diplomatic relations with each other for various reasons It currently represents the United States Canada and several Western European nations in North Korea for consular matters On several occasions when the United Kingdom broke off relations with Iran including the 1979 Iranian Revolution the Salman Rushdie affair and the 2011 storming of the British embassy in Tehran Sweden served as the protecting power for the UK In May 2022 Sweden formally applied to join the NATO alliance The public opinion in the Nordic region had changed in favour of joining NATO since Russia s invasion of Ukraine on February 24 of the same year 8 Russian Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Maria Zakharova said in March 2022 that her government would have to respond if Sweden became a NATO member 9 However in June 2022 President Vladimir Putin contradicted the statement claiming that Sweden and Finland can join whatever they want on the condition that there will be no NATO military deployment in either country 10 Military editSweden has employed its military on numerous occasions since the end of the Cold War from Bosnia and Congo to Afghanistan and Libya According to one study this military activism is driven both by the Swedish internationalist tradition of doing good in the world but also for instrumental purposes These include a desire for political influence in international institutions an interest in collective milieu shaping and a concern to improve the interoperability and effectiveness of the Swedish military 11 Participation in international organizations editAfDB Amnesty International AsDB Australia Group BIS CBSS Council of Europe CERN EAPC EBRD ECE EIB ESA EU FAO G 9 G 10 IADB IAEA IBRD ICAO ICC ICCt ICRM IDA IEA IFAD IFC IFRCS IHO ILO IMF IMO Inmarsat Intelsat Interpol IOC IOM ISO ITU ITUC MINURSO NAC NATO Nordic Council NEA NIB NSG OECD OPCW OSCE PCA PFP Transport Community UN UNCTAD UNESCO UNHCR UNHRC UNIDO UNIKOM UNITAR UNMEE UNMIBH UNMIK UNMOGIP UNMOP UNOMIG UNTAET UNTSO UNEP UPU WCO WEU observer EFTU WFP WHO WIPO WMO WTrO Zangger Committee Multilateral edit Organization Formal Relations Began Notes nbsp European Union See 1995 enlargement of the European Union Sweden joined the European Union as a full member on 1 January 1995 nbsp NATO See Sweden NATO relations Sweden joined NATO as a full member on 7 March 2024 Diplomatic relations editList of countries which Sweden maintains diplomatic relations with nbsp Country Date1 nbsp Denmark 6 June 1523 12 2 nbsp France October 1541 13 3 nbsp Turkey 1603 14 4 nbsp Netherlands April 1614 15 5 nbsp Portugal 29 July 1641 16 6 nbsp Spain 1651 17 7 nbsp United Kingdom 23 December 1653 18 8 nbsp Austria 1682 19 9 nbsp Russia 15 March 1722 20 10 nbsp United States 29 April 1818 21 11 nbsp Brazil 1826 22 12 nbsp Greece 24 January 1833 23 13 nbsp Belgium 23 February 1837 24 14 nbsp Venezuela 5 September 1839 25 15 nbsp Italy 23 December 1859 26 16 nbsp Ethiopia 1866 27 17 nbsp Japan 11 January 1868 28 18 nbsp Thailand 18 May 1868 29 19 nbsp Argentina 6 June 1872 30 20 nbsp Colombia 11 December 1874 31 21 nbsp El Salvador 1 October 1876 32 22 nbsp Costa Rica 1883 33 23 nbsp Mexico 29 July 1885 34 24 nbsp Switzerland 1887 35 25 nbsp Chile 14 June 1895 36 26 nbsp Iran 5 September 1897 37 27 nbsp Cuba 20 November 1902 38 28 nbsp Norway 18 November 1905 39 29 nbsp Uruguay 6 August 1906 40 30 nbsp Bulgaria 6 July 1914 41 31 nbsp Romania 18 March 1916 42 32 nbsp Serbia 1 November 1917 43 33 nbsp Finland 10 January 1918 44 34 nbsp Poland 2 August 1919 45 35 nbsp Hungary 12 November 1920 46 36 nbsp Czech Republic 18 November 1920 47 37 nbsp Egypt 25 November 1922 48 38 nbsp Luxembourg 25 January 1923 49 39 nbsp Paraguay 24 February 1923 50 40 nbsp Guatemala 9 December 1930 51 41 nbsp Ecuador 21 September 1931 52 42 nbsp Bolivia 2 February 1932 53 54 43 nbsp South Africa 30 November 1934 55 56 44 nbsp Honduras 1936 57 58 45 nbsp Iraq 1936 59 46 nbsp Nicaragua 1936 60 61 47 nbsp Panama 3 July 1937 62 48 nbsp Peru 11 February 1938 63 49 nbsp Iceland 27 July 1940 64 50 nbsp Afghanistan 22 November 1940 65 51 nbsp Haiti 31 March 1941 66 52 nbsp Dominican Republic 16 July 1942 67 53 nbsp Canada 4 August 1944 68 54 nbsp Lebanon 7 February 1946 69 55 nbsp Ireland 18 July 1946 70 56 nbsp Philippines 17 January 1947 71 57 nbsp Syria 24 June 1947 72 58 nbsp Sri Lanka 18 November 1949 73 59 nbsp Pakistan 24 November 1949 74 60 nbsp India 1949 75 61 nbsp New Zealand 1949 76 62 nbsp China 9 May 1950 77 78 63 nbsp Israel 12 July 1950 79 64 nbsp Indonesia 23 November 1950 80 65 nbsp Germany 4 April 1951 81 66 nbsp Myanmar 1956 82 67 nbsp Tunisia 1956 83 68 nbsp Sudan 27 October 1957 84 69 nbsp Jordan 1957 85 70 nbsp Saudi Arabia 1957 86 71 nbsp Liberia 6 June 1958 87 72 nbsp Malaysia 6 June 1958 88 73 nbsp Morocco 1958 89 74 nbsp South Korea 11 March 1959 90 75 nbsp Nepal 10 June 1960 91 76 nbsp Somalia 13 July 1960 92 77 nbsp Cyprus 12 December 1960 93 78 nbsp Libya 1960 94 79 nbsp Senegal 8 May 1961 95 80 nbsp Nigeria 3 October 1961 96 81 nbsp Benin 21 November 1961 97 82 nbsp Madagascar 1961 98 83 nbsp Ghana 27 April 1962 99 84 nbsp Guinea 26 November 1962 100 85 nbsp Democratic Republic of the Congo 1962 101 86 nbsp Sierra Leone 1962 102 87 nbsp Algeria 19 July 1963 103 88 nbsp Ivory Coast 31 December 1963 104 89 nbsp Australia 1963 105 90 nbsp Kenya January 1964 106 91 nbsp Uganda 9 April 1964 107 92 nbsp Tanzania 29 May 1964 108 93 nbsp Mongolia 30 June 1964 109 94 nbsp Cameroon 24 September 1964 110 95 nbsp Laos 10 October 1964 111 96 nbsp Kuwait 22 December 1964 112 97 nbsp Niger 1964 113 98 nbsp Zambia 1964 114 99 nbsp Mali 25 January 1965 115 100 nbsp Burundi 7 December 1965 116 101 nbsp Republic of the Congo 1965 117 102 nbsp Gabon 1965 118 103 nbsp Malawi 1965 119 104 nbsp Singapore 8 February 1966 120 105 nbsp Trinidad and Tobago July 1966 121 106 nbsp Gambia 1968 122 107 nbsp Lesotho 1968 123 108 nbsp Vietnam 11 January 1969 124 125 109 nbsp Albania 20 June 1969 126 110 nbsp Malta June 1969 127 111 nbsp Burkina Faso 1969 128 129 112 nbsp Equatorial Guinea 1969 130 113 nbsp Yemen 29 September 1970 131 132 114 nbsp Mauritania 14 December 1970 133 115 nbsp Botswana 19 December 1970 134 116 nbsp Bangladesh 12 April 1972 135 117 nbsp United Arab Emirates 1972 136 118 nbsp Qatar 29 March 1973 137 119 nbsp North Korea 7 April 1973 138 120 nbsp Mauritius 1973 139 121 nbsp Eswatini 1973 140 122 nbsp Tonga 21 January 1974 141 123 nbsp Bahrain 25 January 1974 142 124 nbsp Jamaica 5 February 1974 143 125 nbsp Oman 15 March 1974 144 126 nbsp Rwanda 1974 145 127 nbsp Guinea Bissau 14 March 1975 146 128 nbsp Guyana 16 June 1975 147 129 nbsp Mozambique 25 June 1975 148 130 nbsp Barbados 19 March 1976 149 131 nbsp Papua New Guinea 10 November 1976 150 132 nbsp Cape Verde 4 December 1976 151 133 nbsp Comoros 1977 152 134 nbsp Samoa 1977 153 135 nbsp Sao Tome and Principe 1977 154 136 nbsp Suriname 15 March 1978 155 137 nbsp Togo 15 March 1978 156 138 nbsp Angola 22 March 1978 157 139 nbsp Bahamas 9 May 1978 158 140 nbsp Maldives 21 August 1978 159 141 nbsp Fiji 3 April 1979 160 142 nbsp Seychelles 14 August 1979 161 143 nbsp Solomon Islands 24 October 1979 162 144 nbsp Djibouti 20 February 1980 163 145 nbsp Zimbabwe 30 April 1980 164 146 nbsp Grenada 4 December 1980 165 147 nbsp Vanuatu September 1981 166 148 nbsp Saint Lucia 1981 167 149 nbsp Antigua and Barbuda 11 June 1982 168 nbsp Holy See 2 August 1982 169 150 nbsp Belize 17 November 1982 170 151 nbsp Central African Republic 1983 171 152 nbsp Dominica 3 May 1984 172 153 nbsp Brunei 1984 173 154 nbsp Bhutan 27 August 1985 174 155 nbsp San Marino 13 December 1988 175 156 nbsp Namibia 21 March 1990 176 157 nbsp Cambodia 27 April 1991 177 158 nbsp Estonia 28 August 1991 178 159 nbsp Latvia 28 August 1991 179 160 nbsp Lithuania 28 August 1991 180 161 nbsp Ukraine 13 January 1992 181 162 nbsp Belarus 14 January 1992 182 163 nbsp Croatia 29 January 1992 183 164 nbsp Slovenia 29 January 1992 184 165 nbsp Marshall Islands 12 February 1992 185 166 nbsp Kyrgyzstan 25 March 1992 186 167 nbsp Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2 April 1992 187 168 nbsp Saint Kitts and Nevis 3 April 1992 188 169 nbsp Kazakhstan 7 April 1992 189 170 nbsp Uzbekistan 8 April 1992 190 171 nbsp Turkmenistan 10 April 1992 191 172 nbsp Azerbaijan 8 May 1992 192 173 nbsp Moldova 12 June 1992 193 174 nbsp Armenia 10 July 1992 194 175 nbsp Federated States of Micronesia 26 August 1992 195 176 nbsp Georgia 19 September 1992 196 177 nbsp Tajikistan 9 December 1992 197 178 nbsp Bosnia and Herzegovina 11 December 1992 198 179 nbsp Slovakia 1 January 1993 199 180 nbsp Eritrea 24 June 1993 200 181 nbsp North Macedonia 20 December 1993 201 182 nbsp Andorra 16 March 1995 202 183 nbsp Chad 3 August 1995 203 184 nbsp Palau 9 August 1995 204 185 nbsp Liechtenstein 24 October 2001 205 186 nbsp East Timor 20 May 2002 206 187 nbsp Montenegro 26 June 2006 207 nbsp Kosovo 28 March 2008 208 188 nbsp Monaco 30 January 2009 209 189 nbsp South Sudan 9 July 2011 210 190 nbsp Tuvalu 24 August 2012 211 191 nbsp Kiribati 28 September 2012 212 192 nbsp Nauru 28 September 2012 213 nbsp State of Palestine 30 October 2014 214 Africa editRegion Formal relations began Notes nbsp Egypt 25 November 1922 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 November 1922 when Harald Bildt take up the post of first Swedish Minister to Egypt 215 Egypt has an embassy in Stockholm Sweden has an embassy in Cairo nbsp Mozambique 25 June 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 June 1975 148 Mozambique has an embassy in Stockholm Sweden has an embassy in Maputo nbsp Nigeria 3 October 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 October 1961 216 Nigeria has an embassy in Stockholm Sweden has an embassy in Abuja nbsp South Africa See South Africa Sweden relations South Africa has an embassy in Stockholm Sweden has an embassy in Pretoria nbsp Sudan 27 October 1957 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 October 1957 when has been accredited Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Sweden to Sudan Resident in Addis Ababa Dr Bjorn Axel Eyvind Bratt 84 Sudan has an embassy in Stockholm Sweden has an embassy in Khartoum nbsp Tanzania 29 May 1964 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 May 1964 when Mr Otto Gustaf Rathsman presented his credentials as Sweden s Ambassador to the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar to President Nyerere 108 Sweden has an embassy in Dar es Salaam Tanzania has an embassy in Stockholm nbsp Zimbabwe 30 April 1980 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 April 1980 when first Ambassador of Mozambique to Zimbabwe presented his credentials 217 Americas editRegion Formal relations began Notes nbsp Argentina See Argentina Sweden relations Argentina has an embassy in Stockholm Sweden has an embassy in Buenos Aires nbsp Belize 17 November 1982 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 November 1982 218 Belize has an honorary consulate in Stockholm Sweden is accredited to Belize from its embassy in Guatemala City and maintains an honorary consulate in Belmopan nbsp Bolivia 2 February 1932 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 February 1932 53 54 Bolivia has an embassy in Stockholm Sweden has an embassy in La Paz nbsp Brazil See Brazil Sweden relations Brazil has an embassy in Stockholm Sweden has an embassy in Brasilia nbsp Canada See Canada Sweden relations See also Swedish Canadian Relations with Canada are close positive and constructive Both countries have strong commitments to peacekeeping UN reform development assistance environmental protection sustainable development and the promotion and protection of human rights 219 In addition there are more than 300 000 Canadians of Swedish descent 220 Canada has an embassy in Stockholm Sweden has an embassy in Ottawa Both countries are members of NATO nbsp Chile 1827 See Chile Sweden relations Chile has an embassy in Stockholm and a consulate in Gothenburg Sweden has an embassy in Santiago nbsp Colombia 11 December 1874 Colombia has an embassy in Stockholm Sweden has an embassy in Bogota Sweden is the 6th largest trade partner of Colombia in the European Union nbsp Guyana 16 June 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 June 1975 221 Guyana has an honorary consulate in Stockholm Sweden has an ambassador accredited to Guyana based in Stockholm nbsp Mexico 1850 222 See Mexico Sweden relations Mexico has an embassy in Stockholm Sweden has an embassy in Mexico City nbsp Peru 11 February 1938 See Peru Sweden relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 February 1938 223 Peru has an embassy in Stockholm Sweden is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Santiago Chile 224 nbsp United States 29 April 1818 See Sweden United States relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 April 1818 225 See also Swedish American Sweden and the United States have had strong ties since the 18th century Sweden has an embassy in Washington D C United States has an embassy in Stockholm Both countries are members of NATO Asia editCountry Formal relations began Notes nbsp Armenia 10 July 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 July 1992 226 Armenia has an embassy in Stockholm Sweden opened an embassy in Yerevan 2014 227 Sweden has recognized the Armenian genocide on March 29 2000 228 There are around 8 000 people of Armenian descent living in Sweden Both countries are members of the Council of Europe nbsp Azerbaijan 8 May 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 May 1992 229 The embassy of Sweden in Baku opened in 2014 Azerbaijani opened an embassy in Stockholm citation needed Currently approximately 10 thousand Azerbaijanis live in Sweden and in addition about 30 thousand Azerbaijanis from Iran 230 In 2006 a diaspora organization called Odlar yurdu was established in Sweden 230 In 2010 the Congress of Swedish Azerbaijanis was established 231 nbsp China See China Sweden relations China has an embassy in Stockholm and a consulate general in Gothenburg Sweden has an embassy in Beijing and consulates general in Hong Kong and Shanghai In July 2019 the UN ambassadors from 22 nations including Sweden signed a joint letter to the UNHRC condemning China s mistreatment of the Uyghurs as well as its mistreatment of other minority groups urging the Chinese government to close the Xinjiang re education camps 232 233 nbsp Georgia 19 September 1992 See Georgia Sweden relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 September 1992 234 Georgia has an embassy in Stockholm Sweden has an embassy in Tbilisi Both countries are members of the Council of Europe Georgia is an EU candidate and Sweden is an EU member nbsp India See India Sweden relations nbsp Indonesia See Indonesia Sweden relations nbsp Iran 5 September 1897 See Iran Sweden relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 September 1897 when has been accredited first Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Persia to Sweden with residence in St Peterbourg Mirza Reza Khan Ar Faed Doouleh 37 nbsp Iraq See Iraq Sweden relations The Swedish Embassy in Iraq is permanently closed after attacks by protesters over Quran Burning on the Swedish Embassy in Baghdad Iraq severed ties with Sweden since July 2023 after Swedish authorities allowed a man to burn the Iraqi flag and the Quran in front of the Iraqi Embassy Stockholm 235 236 237 nbsp Israel See Israel Sweden relations Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1949 Israel has an embassy in Stockholm 238 Sweden has an embassy in Tel Aviv 239 nbsp Japan 1868 See Japan Sweden relations Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1868 by signing the Swedish Japanese Treaty in 1868 240 Sweden has an embassy in Tokyo Sweden has consulates in Kobe and Fukuoka Japan has an embassy in Stockholm nbsp Kazakhstan 7 April 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 April 1992 241 Sweden has an embassy in Astana Kazakhstan has an embassy in Stockholm nbsp Kuwait 22 December 1964 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 December 1964 when Sweden opens its Embassy in Kuwait 112 nbsp Malaysia See Malaysia Sweden relations Diplomatic relations were established in 1958 88 Sweden has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur and Malaysia has an embassy in Stockholm As of 2009 90 Swedish companies are present in Malaysia and about 450 Swedish citizens live in Malaysia nbsp North Korea April 7 1973 242 See North Korea Sweden relations North Korea has an embassy in Stockholm Sweden has an embassy in Pyongyang nbsp Palestine October 30 2014 See Palestine Sweden relations nbsp Saudi Arabia 1957 Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1957 86 nbsp South Korea 11 March 1959 See South Korea Sweden relations The establishment of diplomatic relations between South Korea and Sweden began on March 11 1959 90 Sweden has a Working Holiday Program agreement with South Korea There is no quote for South Korean citizens working in Sweden South Korea has an embassy in Stockholm Sweden has an embassy in Seoul Sweden has consulates in Busan Daegu Daejon Gwangju Hongcheon Incheon Sweden and South Korea are member states of the UN WTO and OECD South Korean MFA relations with the Kingdom of Sweden nbsp Syria 24 June 1947 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 June 1947 when has been accredited Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Sweden to Syria with residence in Cairo Mr Widar Bagge 243 nbsp Turkey See Sweden Turkey relations Sweden has an embassy in Ankara and a consulate general in Istanbul Turkey has an embassy in Stockholm Sweden is an EU member and Turkey is an candidate Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe NATO the Organisation for Economic Co operation and Development OECD the Organization for Security and Co operation in Europe OSCE and the Union for the Mediterranean Sweden supports Turkey s European Union membership 244 245 Turkey did not fully support the accession of Sweden to NATO until January 2024 whereupon it was accepted Europe editRegion Formal relations began Notes nbsp Albania 20 June 1969 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 June 1969 126 Albania has an embassy in Stockholm Sweden has an embassy in Tirana Both countries are members of NATO Albania is an EU candidate and Sweden is an EU member nbsp Austria Austria has an embassy in Stockholm Sweden has an embassy in Vienna There are 7 000 Austrians living in Sweden There are 2 000 Swedes living in Austria Both countries became members of the European Union in 1 January 1995 nbsp Belarus 14 January 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 January 1992 246 There are 3 000 Belarusian living in Sweden and above 1 000 Swedes living in Belarus Belarus has an embassy in Stockholm Sweden has an embassy in Minsk Both countries are full members of the Organization for Security and Co operation in Europe nbsp Belgium 23 February 1837 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 February 1837 when has been accredited Charge d Affaires of Belgium to Sweden baron T Vander Straten Ponthoz 24 There is an ethnic group of Walloons living in Sweden making up the 8 000 Belgians living in Sweden and 5 000 Swedes living in Belgium Belgium has an embassy in Stockholm Sweden has an ambassador accredited to Belgium based in Stockholm Both countries are members of the European Union and NATO nbsp Bosnia and Herzegovina 15 December 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 December 1992 247 nbsp Bulgaria July 6 1914 There are approximately 3 000 Swedes living in Bulgaria and Bulgaria has embassy in Stockholm Sweden has an ambassador accredited to Bulgaria based in Stockholm Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe of the Organization for Security and Co operation in Europe and of the European Union and NATO nbsp Croatia 29 January 1992 See Croatia Sweden relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 January 1992 248 Croatia has an embassy in Stockholm Sweden has an embassy in Zagreb Sweden joined the European Union as a full member on 1 January 1995 while Croatia joined on 1 July 2013 Both countries are members of the European Union and NATO nbsp Cyprus See Cyprus Sweden relations Cyprus has an embassy in Stockholm Sweden has an embassy in Nicosia Sweden joined the European Union as a full member on 1 January 1995 while Cyprus joined on 1 May 2004 nbsp Czech Republic 1 January 1993 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 January 1993 249 Czech Republic has an embassy in Stockholm Sweden has an embassy in Prague Both countries are full members of the European Union NATO and the Council of Europe nbsp Denmark See Denmark Sweden relations Today both countries are separated by the Oresund which links the Baltic Sea and the North Sea Both countries are full members of the Council of the Baltic Sea States of the Council of Europe and of the European Union There are around 21 000 Swedes living in Denmark and there are around 42 000 Danes living in Sweden Denmark has an embassy in Stockholm Sweden has an embassy in Copenhagen Both countries are full members of the European Union NATO and the Council of Europe nbsp Estonia 28 August 1991 See Estonia Sweden relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 August 1991 250 Estonia was under Swedish occupation between 1561 and 1721 Sweden re recognized Estonia on August 27 1991 Estonia has an embassy in Stockholm Sweden has an embassy in Tallinn Both countries are members of the European Union and NATO nbsp Finland See Finland Sweden relations Finnish Swedish relations have a long history Sweden and Finland were the same country for several hundred years due to the close relationship between Finland and Sweden Particularly in Finland the issue emerges in frequent exposes of Finnish history and in motives for governmental proposals and actions as reported in Finnish news broadcasts in English or other foreign languages In Sweden this relationship is a recurrent important theme of 20th century history although maybe by most Swedes considered to be an issue of purely historical relevance now that both countries have been members of the European Union since 1995 Finland has an embassy in Stockholm Sweden has an embassy in Helsinki and a consulate general in Mariehamn Both countries became members of the European Union in 1 January 1995 Both countries are members of the European Union and NATO nbsp France See France Sweden relations France has an embassy in Stockholm Sweden has an embassy in Paris Both countries are full members of the European Union NATO and the Council of Europe nbsp Germany See Germany Sweden relations Germany has an embassy in Stockholm Sweden has an embassy in Berlin Both countries are full members of the European Union NATO and the Council of Europe nbsp Greece 24 January 1833 See Greece Sweden relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 January 1833 when Carl Peter von Heidenstam until then Consul General has been appointed as Charge d Affaires of the Kingdom of Sweden and Norway in Greece 23 Greece has an embassy in Stockholm Sweden has an embassy in Athens Both countries are full members of the European Union NATO and the Council of Europe nbsp Hungary See Hungary Sweden relations Diplomacy relations between the two countries started on December 28 1945 Hungary has an embassy in Stockholm Sweden has an embassy in Budapest Sweden joined the European Union as a full member on 1 January 1995 while Hungary joined on 1 May 2004 Both countries are members of the European Union and NATO nbsp Iceland See Iceland Sweden relations Iceland has an embassy in Stockholm Sweden has an embassy in Reykjavik Both countries are members of NATO nbsp Ireland 18 July 1946 See Ireland Sweden relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 July 1946 251 Ireland has an embassy in Stockholm Sweden has an embassy in Dublin Both countries are full members of Council of Europe and of the European Union nbsp Italy 23 December 1859 See Italy Sweden relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 December 1859 when has been appointed first interim Charge d Affaires Giov Antonio Migliorati 26 Italy has an embassy in Stockholm Sweden has an embassy in Rome Both countries are members of the European Union and NATO nbsp Kosovo See Kosovo Sweden relations Sweden recognized Kosovo on March 4 2008 252 Liaison Office of Sweden in Pristina subordinated to the Embassy in Skopje North Macedonia 253 On March 8 2008 the Swedish Minister for Foreign Affairs Carl Bildt became the first foreign minister to officially visit Kosovo since it declared its independence 254 Sweden currently has 243 troops serving in Kosovo as peacekeepers in the NATO led Kosovo Force 255 Kosovo has an embassy in Stockholm Sweden has an embassy in Pristina nbsp Latvia 28 August 1991 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 August 1991 256 Latvia has an embassy in Stockholm Sweden has an embassy in Riga Sweden joined the European Union as a full member on 1 January 1995 while Latvia joined on 1 May 2004 Both countries are members of the European Union and NATO nbsp Lithuania 28 August 1991 See Lithuania Sweden relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 August 1991 257 Lithuania has an embassy in Stockholm Sweden has an embassy in Vilnius Sweden joined the European Union as a full member on 1 January 1995 while Lithuania joined on 1 May 2004 Both countries are members of the European Union and NATO nbsp Moldova 12 June 1992 See Moldova Sweden relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 June 1992 258 Sweden is one of Moldova s top donors From 1996 Sweden provided Moldova with technical assistance worth 30 million dollars which significantly helped strengthen sectors such as protection of human rights democracy good governance public health education agriculture energy infrastructure transport and the private sector Much of the aid is delivered through the Swedish International Development Agency 259 260 In 2007 the Swedish Government established the 2007 2010 strategy of cooperation with Moldova which sees 11 million euros in financial assistance annually for three important sectors good governance strengthening of com petitiveness in the rural area and reduction of vulnerability in the energy sector 259 Moldova has an embassy in Stockholm Sweden has an embassy in Chisinău Moldova is an EU candidate and Sweden is an EU member Both countries are members of the Council of Europe nbsp The Netherlands See Netherlands Sweden relations The Netherlands has an embassy in Stockholm Sweden has an embassy in The Hague Both countries are full members of the European Union NATO and of the Council of Europe nbsp Norway See Norway Sweden relations Norway has an embassy in Stockholm Sweden has an embassy in Oslo Both countries are members of NATO nbsp Poland See Poland Sweden relations Poland has an embassy in Stockholm Sweden has an embassy in Warsaw Sweden joined the European Union as a full member on 1 January 1995 while Poland joined on 1 May 2004 Both countries are members of the European Union and NATO nbsp Portugal See Portugal Sweden relations Portugal has an embassy in Stockholm Sweden has an embassy in Lisbon Both countries are full members of the European Union NATO and the Council of Europe nbsp Romania 1 November 1916 Romania has an embassy in Stockholm Sweden has an embassy in Bucharest Sweden joined the European Union as a full member on 1 January 1995 while Romania joined on 1 January 2007 Both countries are members of the European Union and NATO nbsp Russia See Russia Sweden relations Russia has an embassy in Stockholm and a consulate general in Gothenburg Sweden has an embassy in Moscow and a consulate general in Saint Petersburg nbsp Serbia See Serbia Sweden relations Serbia has an embassy in Stockholm Sweden has an embassy in Belgrade Serbia is an EU candidate and Sweden is an EU member nbsp Spain See Spain Sweden relations Spain has an embassy in Stockholm Sweden has an embassy in Madrid Both countries are full members of the European Union NATO and the Council of Europe nbsp Switzerland Sweden has an embassy in Bern Switzerland has an embassy in Stockholm Both countries are members of the Council of Europe nbsp Ukraine 13 January 1992 See Sweden Ukraine relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 January 1992 261 A Ukrainian information bureau was opened 1916 in Stockholm by Volodymyr Stepankivskyi and M Zaliznyak In 1918 an official diplomatic mission from the Ukrainian People s Republic headed by K Lossky was opened in Stockholm 262 Diplomatic relations between Ukraine and Sweden were established on January 13 1992 Sweden has an embassy in Kyiv Ukraine has an embassy in Stockholm Both countries are members of the Council of Europe Sweden is an EU member and Ukraine is an candidate nbsp United Kingdom See Sweden United Kingdom relations Sweden has an embassy in London United Kingdom has an embassy in Stockholm Both countries are members of NATO Oceania editCountry Formal relations began Notes nbsp Australia See Australia Sweden relations Australia has an embassy in Stockholm Sweden has an embassy in Canberra and eight honorary consulates Adelaide Brisbane Cairns Darin Hobart Melbourne Perth and Sydney nbsp Fiji 3 April 1979 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 April 1979 263 nbsp New Zealand See New Zealand Sweden relations New Zealand has an embassy in Stockholm Sweden is accredited to New Zealand from its embassy in Canberra See also editPolitics of Sweden List of diplomatic missions in Sweden List of diplomatic missions of Sweden List of state visits made by King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden Scandinavian defence union Visa requirements for Swedish citizens Arctic policy of Sweden List of ambassadors of Sweden to UkraineReferences edit WorldBank Military expenditure of GDP report Retrieved October 5 2015 Neil Kent A Concise History of Sweden 2008 Franklin D Scott Sweden The Nation s History 1988 Erik Thomson Beyond the Military State Sweden s Great Power Period in Recent Historiography History Compass 9 4 2011 269 283 online permanent dead link Patrick Salmon Scandinavia and the great powers 1890 1940 2002 online Sweden declines to sign UN nuclear ban treaty The Local July 12 2019 NATO Review Sweden a special NATO partner NATO Review Retrieved February 20 2015 Emmott Robin Devranoglu Nevzat May 18 2022 Finland Sweden apply to join NATO amid Turkish objections Reuters Russia Sends Bone Chilling Message To Sweden amp Finland Threatens Military Implications If They Go The Ukraine Way The EurAsian Times February 25 2022 Putin issues fresh warning to Finland and Sweden on installing Nato infrastructure The Guardian June 29 2022 Retrieved June 30 2022 Aggestam Lisbeth Hyde Price Adrian December 17 2015 Pierre Jon ed A Force for Good The Oxford Handbook of Swedish Politics the Oxford Handbook of Swedish Politics doi 10 1093 oxfordhb 9780199665679 001 0001 ISBN 9780199665679 Retrieved January 29 2024 Kenneth Steffensen 2007 Scandinavia After the Fall of the Kalmar Union A Study in Scandinavian Relations 1523 1536 Brigham Young University Retrieved September 1 2019 Ulrik Wrangel Fredrik 1891 Liste des diplomates francais en Suede 1541 1891 in French p 3 Relations between Turkey and Sweden Appointment of ambassador for the Netherlands 1614 April 9 2014 Retrieved January 6 2024 Paises in Portuguese Retrieved July 2 2022 Tratado de diplomatica o Estado de relaciones de las potencias de Europa entre si y con los demas pueblos del globo in Spanish 1835 p 74 Bell Gary M 1995 A Handlist of British Diplomatic Representatives 1509 1688 Cambridge University Press pp 194 221 275 and 283 Austria Sweden relations diplomatic missions Austrian Embassy Stockholm Retrieved January 29 2024 Naumann Erik 1927 Herman Cedercreutz Svenskt biografiskt lexikon in Swedish Vol 7 National Archives of Sweden p 779 Retrieved September 4 2023 All Countries Office of the Historian Retrieved 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