The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to politics and political science:
Politics – the exercise of power; process by which groups of people make collective decisions. Politics is the art or science of running governmental or state affairs (including behavior within civil governments), institutions, fields, and special interest groups such as the corporate, academic, and religious segments of society.
Voting is a key form of decision-making in politics. A female journalist displays her inked finger after casting her vote in Afghanistan's western Herat province.
Political parties, and their number, are important aspects of representative systems. The number of political parties in the Hellenic Parliament of Greece has varied across time.
^Suissa, Judith (2001). "Anarchism, Utopias and Philosophy of Education". Journal of Philosophy of Education 35 (4). pp. 627–646. doi:10.1111/1467-9752.00249.
^Carlisle, Rodney P., ed., The Encyclopedia of Politics: The Left and the Right, Volume 2: The Right (Thousand Oaks, California, United States; London, England; New Delhi, India: Sage Publications, 2005) p. 693.
^Mabbett 1964 "References to the work in other Sanskrit literature attribute it variously to Viṣṇugupta, Cāṇakya and Kauṭilya. The same individual is meant in each case. The Pańcatantra explicitly identifies Chanakya with Viṣṇugupta."
^. Oxford University Press. 27 Aug 2006. ISBN9780199270033. Archived from the original on Mar 5, 2016.
^Walsh, Mary (1 May 2008). "The Oxford Handbook of Political Theory". Contemporary Political Theory. 7 (2): 232–234. doi:10.1057/cpt.2008.2.
. American Antiquarian Society -- Election Records Project. 13 November 2006. Archived from the original on Dec 8, 2006.
. Hodges' Health Career Model. Archived from the original on Oct 20, 2014.
January 01, 1970
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The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to politics and political science Politics the exercise of power process by which groups of people make collective decisions Politics is the art or science of running governmental or state affairs including behavior within civil governments institutions fields and special interest groups such as the corporate academic and religious segments of society Political science the field concerning the theory and practice of politics and the description and analysis of political systems and political behavior Contents 1 Fields of study of political science 2 Related disciplines 3 Political theory 4 Decision making 4 1 Election 4 2 Order of succession 4 3 Sortition 5 Political institutions 5 1 Branches of government 5 2 Political parties 6 Political behavior 6 1 Theories of political behaviour 6 2 Political strategy 6 3 Voting behavior 7 Political dysfunction 8 Types of polities and forms of government 8 1 By level of social organisation 8 2 By formal power structure 8 3 By source of power 9 Political ideologies and philosophies 10 Governments of the world 11 Political issues and policies 11 1 Rights 11 2 Economic policy 11 3 Foreign and security policy 11 4 Social policy 12 Politics by continent 12 1 Foreign relations by continents 12 2 Political parties by continent 13 History of politics 14 Political scholars 15 Influential literature 16 See also 17 Further reading 18 References 19 External linksFields of study of political science editComparative politics Democratization Polarization Politicization Multi level governance see Electoral systems and Political institutions Development studies Geopolitics and political geography Area studies Globalization studies Gender and politics Institutional theory New institutionalism International relations Security studies Critical security studies Copenhagen School Paris school Welsh school Nationalism studies Banal nationalism Diaspora politics Irredentism Nationalism and gender Nationalist historiography Postnationalism Revanchism Political behavior Political activism Political movement Political economy Political fiction Political satire Political research methodology Political sociology Political theory and philosophy Political spectrum Positive political theory Game theory Postcolonialism Psephology study of elections Voting theory see Electoral systems Policy analysis and Policy studies Foreign policy analysis Public administration and local government studies Public law Strategic studiesRelated disciplines editEconomics Political economy History Political history Jurisprudence Constitutional law International legal theory Political jurisprudence Philosophy Ethics Political philosophy Psychology Political psychology Social science Anthropology Political anthropology Sociology Political sociologyPolitical theory editMain article Political theory Anarchist schools of thought hold that all forms of hierarchy and authority are illegitimate Social anarchism views individual freedom as interrelated with mutual aid 1 Individualist anarchism Democratic theory Athenian democracy a form of Greek democracy in which free male citizens had a direct vote on all government actions Republicanism a strain of political thought which was common among the city states of the Italian Renaissance such as the Republic of Venice Representative democracy Direct democracy Initiative Referendum Radical democracy Deliberative democracy Participatory democracy International relations theory Power in international relations Realism in international relations Neorealism international relations Idealism in international relations Liberalism international relations Neoliberalism international relations Marxist international relations theory Functionalism in international relations Critical international relations theory Majoritarianism Marxist schools of thought Marxism Leninism Maoism Trotskyism Left communism Anti revisionism Western Marxism Structural Marxism Neo Marxism The Frankfurt School Autonomism Analytical Marxism Marxist Humanism Marxist feminism Post Marxism Metapolitics Peace and conflict studies Democratic peace theory Power transition theory Hegemonic stability theory Political geography Political symbolism Postcolonialism Decoloniality Blue water thesis Three world model Third Worldism Theories of state Consent of the governed Social contract Secession Right of rebellion Form of government Islamic state Nationalism Patriotism SovereigntyDecision making edit nbsp Voting is a key form of decision making in politics A female journalist displays her inked finger after casting her vote in Afghanistan s western Herat province Election edit Electoral systems Plurality voting allows each voter to vote for a single candidate with the candidate with most votes being the winner It is often combined with single member districts resulting in a majoritarian democracy Cardinal voting systems Approval voting Satisfaction approval voting Majority judgment STAR voting First past the post voting Single non transferable vote Limited voting Plurality at large voting General ticket Proportional representation ensures that proportions of representation allocated in the elected body reflect their proportions of support among the electorate 2 Often combined with multi member districts to produce consensus democracy Party list proportional representation proportionality measures Mixed electoral systems Mixed member proportional representation Parallel voting Scorporo Majority bonus system Alternative vote plus Dual member proportional representation Rural urban proportional representation Suffrage Disfranchisement Right of foreigners to vote Right of expatriates to vote in their country of origin Youth suffrage Age of candidacy Demeny voting Wasted vote Voting Compulsory voting Electronic voting None of the above Secret ballot Game theory Political campaign Political communications Political qualifications Order of succession edit Primogeniture Sortition edit Citizens assemblyPolitical institutions edit nbsp Institutions are often the framework within which politics happens Pictured is the Supreme Court of the United States Branches of government edit The separation of powers is typically set in the constitution or basic law in order to achieve checks and balances within government The typical model has three branches and is referred to as the trias politica Legislature deliberates and passes laws Unicameralism Bicameralism Upper house Lower house Tricameralism Tetracameralism Multicameralism Executive executes laws Head of state formal often symbolic leader of state Sometimes has veto power over proposed legislation Monarch Supreme leader President Head of government the person s in charge of day to day affairs of the state Usually heads a cabinet a Council of Ministers or a Council of State Chancellor Chief executive Chief minister First minister Premier Prime minister Judiciary often involved in politics through judicial review Supreme court Constitutional court nbsp Political parties and their number are important aspects of representative systems The number of political parties in the Hellenic Parliament of Greece has varied across time Political parties edit Party systems Nonpartisan democracy One party state Dominant party system Two party system Multi party system Effective number of parties Party discipline Political factions Party coalition governments Hung parliament Confidence and supply Minority government Rainbow coalition Grand coalition National unity government Majority governmentPolitical behavior editTheories of political behaviour edit Political culture Civic political culture Parochial political culture Patrimonialism a political culture which sees no difference between personal and political power Neopatrimonialism Prebendalism Peace and conflict studies Aggressionism Greed versus grievance Political psychology Impressionable years hypothesis Postmaterialism Right Wing Authoritarianism Social Dominance Orientation System Justification Theory Political strategy edit See also Political warfare Accelerationism Political campaigning Campaign advertising Campaign finance Campaign management tools Canvassing Grassroots fundraising Smear campaign Opposition research Push poll Retail politics Power politics Balance of power Bandwagoning Blackmail Brinkmanship Buck passing Coercion Hard power Sharp power Soft power Smart power Power projection Power vacuum Realpolitik Cloward Piven strategy Starve the beast Propaganda Disinformation Fearmongering Framing Indoctrination Loaded language Lying press National mythology Rally round the flag effect Voting behavior edit Abstention Abstentionism Election boycott Economic voting Altruism theory of voting Coattail effect Split ticket voting Straight ticket voting Tactical voting Vote pairing Paradox of voting Protest vote Spoilt vote Voter apathyPolitical dysfunction editPolitical conflict Civil disobedience Boycott Demonstration Nonviolence Picketing Strike action Tax resistance Civil war Wars of national liberation Insurgency Asymmetric warfare Assassination Guerrilla warfare Law of war International criminal law Just war theory War crime Revolution Bourgeois revolution Communist revolution Democratic revolution Nonviolent revolution Social revolution Political revolution Trotskyism Vanguardism World revolution Terrorism Nationalist separatist terrorism Propaganda of the deed Religious extremist terrorism Right wing terrorism Left wing terrorism Political corruption Bribery Cronyism Economics of corruption Nepotism Political patronage Clientelism Earmark Political machine Pork barrel Slush fund Spoils systemTypes of polities and forms of government editMain article List of forms of government See also Polity By level of social organisation edit Traditional authority political society which has not gone through state formation Band society Big man Chiefdom Empire before New Imperialism Local government Unitary state Unitarism City state Nation state Federalism Confederation Federation Regional integration Intergovernmental organization Supranational union European Union European studies Trade bloc Global governance World state By formal power structure edit Feudalism Chinese feudalism Indian feudalism Monarchy Diarchy Absolute monarchy Constitutional monarchy Elective monarchy Federal monarchy Republic Parliamentary system Westminster system Presidential system Semi presidential system President for life By source of power edit Autocracy the source of power is the leader Democracy the source of power are the people through popular sovereignty Ethnocracy the source of power is ethnicity Meritocracy the source of power is talent Noocracy talent is measured by wisdom Technocracy talent is measured by expertise Stratocracy the source of power is the military Military dictatorship Military junta Theocracy the source of power is God s Christian republic Halachic state Hindu nation Islamic state Oligarchy the source of power is the elite Aristocracy the elite are hereditary Gerontocracy the elite are the elderly Plutocracy the source of power is wealth Political ideologies and philosophies editMain article List of political ideologies Authoritarianism Absolutism Totalitarianism Left wing politics usually focused on increasing egalitarianism Far left politics Anarchism Communism Socialism Agrarian socialism Democratic socialism Liberal socialism Libertarian socialism Religious socialism Centre left politics Social democracy Gradualism Progressivism Reformism Green politics Green anarchism Ecofeminism Eco socialism Centrism usually defined by highly pragmatic politics Radical centrism Syncretic politics Third Position Third Way Liberalism defined by high valuing of liberty Classical liberalism Conservative liberalism Neoliberalism Social liberalism Right libertarianism often defined as high valuation of private property Paleolibertarianism Minarchism Anarcho capitalism Right wing politics often defined by opposition to social change and a veneration of tradition Centre right politics Christian democracy Compassionate conservatism Liberal conservatism One nation conservatism Progressive conservatism Conservatism Fiscal conservatism Fusionism Libertarian conservatism National conservatism Neoconservatism Paleoconservatism Social conservatism Traditional conservatism Far right politics political ideas which are described as reactionary ultranationalist chauvinistic xenophobic or racist 3 Alt right Fascism Nazism Identity politics political ideologies concerned with the interests of the members of a specific group Black power Feminism Gay pride Indigenism Islamism Nationalism based on the centrality of the nation Civic nationalism Ethnic nationalism Expansionist nationalism Irredentism Pan nationalism Racial nationalism Left wing nationalism Liberal nationalism Secessionism ZionismGovernments of the world editPolitical issues and policies editRights edit Animal rights Civil and political rights usually related to topics of negative liberty Freedom of assembly Freedom of association Right to asylum Freedom from discrimination Freedom of education Freedom of information Freedom of movement Freedom of speech Freedom of the press Freedom of thought Right to petition Right to protest Right to property Freedom of religion Right to life Economic social and cultural rights usually cover issues of positive liberty Digital rights Labor rights Equal pay for equal work Right to an adequate standard of living Right to clothing Right to development Right to education Right to food Right to health Right to housing Right to Internet access Right to science and culture Right to social security Right to water Right to work LGBT rights Minority rights Affirmative action Women s rights Abortion law Economic policy edit Agricultural policy Agricultural subsidy Land reform Energy policy Nuclear energy policy Renewable energy policy Fiscal policy Budgetary policy Industrial policy Import substitution industrialization Investment policy Sovereign wealth fund Monetary policy Capital requirement Central bank Contractionary monetary policy Expansionary monetary policy Tax policy Internet taxation Tax cut Tax competition Tax holiday Tax reform Flat tax Tax harmonization Foreign and security policy edit Arms control Nuclear disarmament Nuclear free zone Nuclear nonproliferation Criminal justice Capital punishment Life imprisonment Mandatory sentencing Space policy Extraterrestrial real estate Militarization of space Space force Counter terrorism Anti terrorism legislation International Trade Military policy Military recruitment Conscription Military industrial complex Social policy edit Cultural policy Arts council Environmental policy Climate change policy Fisheries management Drug policy Drug decriminalization Drug policy reform Harm reduction Legality of cannabis Legal status of cocaine Legal drinking age Legal status of methamphetamine Legal status of psilocybin mushrooms Legal status of Salvia divinorum Education policy and reform Education reform Immigration law Family reunification Immigration equality Immigration of felons Immigration reform Open border Permanent residency Work permit Race relations Affirmative action Institutional racism Racial profiling White privilege Religion and politics Separation of church and state Health policy Legality of euthanasia Stem cell controversy Universal healthcare Health care reform Welfare state Guaranteed minimum income Job guarantee Welfare reform Unemployment benefits Universal Basic Income WorkfarePolitics by continent editForeign relations by continents edit Political parties by continent editHistory of politics editHistory of political science History of political thinking Political history List of years in politicsPolitical scholars editList of political scientists List of political philosophers List of social and political philosophers List of political theoristsInfluential literature editThe Art of War by Sun Tsu c 544 496 BC History of the Peloponnesian War by Thucydides c 460 c 400 BC The Republic and Laws by Plato 427 347 BC The Politics and Nicomachean Ethics Aristotle 384 322 BC Arthashastra Chaṇakya 4 c 350 283 BC Meditations Marcus Aurelius Roman Emperor 161 180 CE The Prince by Niccolo Machiavelli 1469 1527 The Book of Five Rings Miyamoto Musashi c 1584 1645 Leviathan Thomas Hobbes 1588 1679 The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith 1723 1790 On War by Carl von Clausewitz 1780 1831 The Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx 1818 1883 See also edit nbsp Politics portal Anthropology Constitutional economics Debate Food politics Government simulation game Music and politics Policy Rule According to Higher Law Office politics Official statistics Organizational politics Political activism Political corruption Political criticism Political economy Political fiction list Political movement Political party list by country Political power Political psychology Political spectrum Theories of Political BehaviorFurther reading editRoskin M Cord R L Medeiros J A Jones W S 2007 Political Science An Introduction 10th ed New York Pearson Prentice Hall ISBN 978 0 13 242575 9 10 ISBN 978 0 13 242575 9 13 Tausch A Prager F 1993 Towards a Socio Liberal Theory of World Development Basingstoke Macmillan New York St Martin s Press Oxford Handbooks of Political Science ten volume set covering the political science topics political methodology public policy political theory political economy comparative politics contextual political analysis international relations Law and Politics political behavior and political institutions The general editor of the series is Robert E Goodin 5 6 References edit Suissa Judith 2001 Anarchism Utopias and Philosophy of Education Journal of Philosophy of Education 35 4 pp 627 646 doi 10 1111 1467 9752 00249 Mill John Stuart 1861 Chapter VII Of True and False Democracy Representation of All and Representation of the Majority only Considerations on Representative Government London Parker Son amp Bourn Carlisle Rodney P ed The Encyclopedia of Politics The Left and the Right Volume 2 The Right Thousand Oaks California United States London England New Delhi India Sage Publications 2005 p 693 Mabbett 1964 References to the work in other Sanskrit literature attribute it variously to Viṣṇugupta Caṇakya and Kauṭilya The same individual is meant in each case The Pancatantra explicitly identifies Chanakya with Viṣṇugupta Oxford Handbook of Political Theory Oxford University Press 27 Aug 2006 ISBN 9780199270033 Archived from the original on Mar 5 2016 Walsh Mary 1 May 2008 The Oxford Handbook of Political Theory Contemporary Political Theory 7 2 232 234 doi 10 1057 cpt 2008 2 External links editPolitical science at Wikipedia s sister projects nbsp Definitions from Wiktionary nbsp Media from Commons nbsp News from Wikinews nbsp Quotations from Wikiquote nbsp Texts from Wikisource nbsp Textbooks from Wikibooks nbsp Resources from Wikiversity American Political Science Association European Consortium for Political Research International Political Science Association Political Studies Association of the UK PROL Political Science Research Online prepublished research dead link Truman State University Political Science Research Design Handbook A New Nation Votes American Election Returns 1787 1825 American Antiquarian Society Election Records Project 13 November 2006 Archived from the original on Dec 8 2006 POLITICAL Domain Links IV Hodges Health Career Model Archived from the original on Oct 20 2014 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Outline of political science amp oldid 1215071152 Politics by continent, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
