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Confidence and supply

January 10, 2023

In a parliamentary democracy based on the Westminster system, confidence and supply are required for a ruling cabinet to retain power in the lower house.

A confidence-and-supply agreement is one whereby a party or independent members of parliament will support the government in motions of confidence and appropriation or budget (supply) votes, by either voting in favour or abstaining. However, parties and independent members normally retain the right to otherwise vote in favour of their own policies or on conscience on legislative bills.[1][2][3]

A coalition government is a more formal arrangement than a confidence-and-supply agreement, in that members from junior parties (i.e., parties other than the largest) gain positions in the cabinet and ministerial roles, and may be expected to hold the government whip on passing legislation.

Confidence

Main article: Motion of no confidence

In most parliamentary democracies, members of a parliament can propose a motion of confidence[4] or of no confidence in the government or executive. The results of such motions show how much support the government currently has in parliament. Should a motion of confidence fail, or a motion of no confidence pass, the government will usually either resign and allow other politicians to form a new government, or call an election.

Supply

Main articles: Appropriation bill and Loss of supply

Most parliamentary democracies require an annual state budget, an appropriation bill, or occasional financial measures to be passed by parliament in order for a government to pay its way and enact its policies. The failure of a supply bill is in effect the same as the failure of a confidence motion. In early modern England, the withholding of funds was one of Parliament's few ways of controlling the monarch.

List of governments currently under a confidence-and-supply agreement

Country Head of government Parties Seats
Government Support Total
  Canada Justin Trudeau Liberal 158 46.7% 25 183/338 54.1%
  Croatia Andrej Plenković HDZ – SDSS 65 43.0% 11 76/151 50.3%
  Denmark Mette Frederiksen A 48 26.8% 46 94/179 52.5%
  Montenegro Dritan Abazović CnB – SNP – BS – SDP – LSH – KSH 16 19.7% 30 46/81 56.8%
  Poland Mateusz Morawiecki PiS – SP – R 229 49.8% 7 236/460 51.3%
  Spain Pedro Sánchez PSOE – UP 155 44.3% 34 189/350 54.0%
  Sweden Ulf Kristersson M – KD – L 103 29.5% 73 176/349 50.4%
Sub-national
    Asturias Adrián Barbón FSA-PSOE 20 44.4% 2 22/45 48.9%
    Azores José Manuel Bolieiro PPD/PSD – CDS-PP - PPM 26 45.6% 3 29/57 50.9%
    Balearic Islands Francina Armengol PSIB – Podem-EUIB – Més 29 49.2% 3 32/59 54.2%
    Catalonia Pere Aragonès ERC – junts 65 48.1% 9 74/135 54.8%
    La Rioja Concha Andreu PSOE – Podemos 16 48.5% 1 17/33 51.5%
    Madrid Isabel Díaz Ayuso PP 65 47.8% 13 78/136 57.3%
    Murcia Fernando López Miras PP – Ind. 19 42.2% 4 23/45 51.1%
    Navarre María Chivite PSN – GBai – Podemos 22 44% 8 30/50 60.0%
    Thuringia Bodo Ramelow LINKE – SPD – Grüne 42 46.7% 21 63/90 70.0%
    Yukon Sandy Silver Liberal 8 42.1% 3 11/19 57.9%

Examples of confidence-and-supply deals

Australia

Main article: Gillard Government § Minority government

The Australian Labor Party Gillard Government formed a minority government in the hung parliament elected at the 2010 federal election resulting from a confidence-and-supply agreement with three independent MPs and one Green MP.[5]

Canada

Federal

In November 2008, the Liberal Party and the New Democratic Party (NDP) reached an agreement to form a minority coalition government, with the Bloc Québécois having signed a confidence agreement to support the proposed coalition. However, the proposed coalition and confidence agreement fell apart in January 2009, as a result of an ensuing parliamentary dispute.[6][7]

In 2022, a few months into the 44th Canadian Parliament, the NDP agreed to a confidence-and-supply agreement with the governing Liberal Party, to continue the Liberal minority government. The deal will keep the minority Liberal government in power until 2025, with the NDP agreeing to support the government on confidence motions and budget votes. In exchange, the Liberal government is understood to have pledged to advance work on key NDP policy priorities on dental care, pharmaceutical drugs, and affordable childcare.[8]

British Columbia

After the 2017 British Columbia provincial election, the Green Party of British Columbia agreed to a confidence-and-supply agreement in support of the British Columbia New Democratic Party.[9] The incumbent British Columbia Liberal Party, which held a plurality of seats, briefly tried to form a government, but was immediately defeated in a confidence vote by the NDP and Greens.[10]

New Brunswick

On 2 November 2018 (less than two months after the 2018 New Brunswick general election) the legislative assembly voted 25-23 for a motion, introduced by the Progressive Conservatives, to amend the throne speech to declare no confidence in the government. Subsequently, Premier Brian Gallant indicated his intention to resign the premiership and recommend to the lieutenant governor that PC leader Blaine Higgs be given the mandate to form a minority government: "I will go see the lieutenant governor at her earliest convenience to inform her that I will be resigning as premier, and I will humbly suggest to her honour to allow the leader of the Conservative Party to attempt to form a government and attempt to gain the confidence of the house." People's Alliance leader Kris Austin said he would work with the new government "in the areas we agree on," and reiterated his promise to support the Progressive Conservatives on confidence votes for a period of 18 months. Green Party leader David Coon said he would start working with the Tories in an attempt to ensure his party's issues were on the government's agenda.[11]

Ontario

Twenty-two days after the 1985 Ontario provincial election, the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario government resigned after a vote of no confidence, and the Ontario Liberal Party formed a government with the support of the Ontario New Democratic Party.[12] The agreement between the two parties was referred to as "The Accord".[13]

Yukon

After the 2021 territorial election resulted in the Yukon Liberal Party and the Yukon Party winning the same number of seats, the third place Yukon New Democratic Party agreed to provide confidence and supply to a Liberal minority government.[14]

India

Third Front national governments were formed in 1989 and 1996 with outside support of one of the two major parties, BJP or Congress.

The CPI-M gave outside support to the Congress Party from 2004 to 2008, but later withdrew support after the India–United States Civil Nuclear Agreement.

Ireland

After the 2016 general election, a minority government was formed by Fine Gael and some independents, with confidence-and-supply (Irish: muinín agus soláthar[15]) support from Fianna Fáil in return for a published set of policy commitments from the government.[16] Fianna Fáil abstains on confidence and supply votes, but reserves the right to vote for or against any bill proposed in the Dáil or Seanad. The deal was to last until the end of 2018, with the possibility of renewal before then to extend it to the five-year maximum term of a Dáil.[17] On 12 December 2018, Fianna Fáil Leader Micheál Martin said his party would guarantee the Government can continue throughout 2019 and that an election might be held early in 2020.[18]

The 2020 Irish general election was held on Saturday 8 February 2020. The election was called following the dissolution of the 32nd Dáil by the President, at the request of Taoiseach Leo Varadkar on 14 January 2020.[19]

Italy

In Italy, the equivalent of confidence and supply is called "external support" (Italian: appoggio esterno). Starting from the 50's through the 70's there were various examples of Christian Democratic cabinets being able to govern thanks to confidence and supply agreements with other minor parties. Most famously, the Andreotti III Cabinet was formed in 1976 thanks to a confidence and supply agreement between the Christian Democrats and the Italian Communist Party, referred to as "the historic compromise" (Italian: il compromesso storico), in which the Communist Party agreed not to vote against the government during confidence votes.

The Dini Cabinet, formed in 1995, and the Monti Cabinet, formed in 2011, were technocratic governments which relied on the support of the main parties in Parliament during confidence votes.

Japan

In Japan, the equivalent of a confidence and supply arrangement is called "extra-cabinet cooperation" (閣外協力, kakugai kyōryoku). The latest such agreement was made after the 1996 House of Representatives election between the Second Hashimoto Cabinet, an LDP single-party government somewhat short of majorities in both houses, and two parties which had formed the governing coalition with the LDP until the election: the JSP and Shintō Sakigake (NPH/NPS/Sakigake). By 1997, the LDP had gained a House of Representatives majority of its own through accessions (see New Frontier Party) and was hoping to regain full parliamentary control in the 1998 House of Councillors election. Instead, the cooperation agreement was ultimately terminated while the government lost seats in the 1998 election, leaving clear control to the opposition, a so-called "Twisted Diet". The Hashimoto Cabinet resigned to give way for a new cabinet led by prime minister Keizō Ōbuchi which entered formal negotiations with other parties to form a coalition government by January 1999 (First Reshuffled Obuchi Cabinet).

There is another implicit form of cooperation where (usually very small) parties which are not part of the cabinet join one of the ruling parties in joint parliamentary groups in one or both houses of the National Diet and vote with the government. A recent example were the joint LDP groups with the Party for Japanese Kokoro and New Party Daichi during the 2nd Reshuffled Third Abe Cabinet.

Malaysia

A confidence and supply agreement was signed on 13 September 2021 between Barisan Nasional and Pakatan Harapan to strengthen political stability amid the COVID-19 pandemic. This is the first such agreement signed to ensure bipartisan cooperation.[20]

New Zealand

In New Zealand, confidence and supply arrangements are common due to the MMP system used in the country. The parties providing confidence and supply have a more prominent role than in other countries, with MPs from the support parties often being appointed to ministerial portfolios outside of Cabinet.[21] New Zealand codified the procedures it used to form these Governments in its Cabinet Manual.[22]

John Key's National Party administration formed a minority government in 2008 thanks to a confidence-and-supply agreement with the ACT, United Future and the Māori Party.[23] A similar arrangement in 2005 had led to Helen Clark's Labour Party forming a coalition government with the Progressive Party, with support on confidence and supply from New Zealand First and United Future. After the 2014 election, National re-entered confidence-and-supply agreements with United Future, the ACT Party, and the Māori Party. In 2017, despite National winning more votes than Labour in the election, New Zealand First chose to enter coalition with Labour to help them change the government, with support on confidence and supply from the left-wing Green Party.[22]

United Kingdom

Between 1977 and 1978, Jim Callaghan's Labour Party stayed in power thanks to a confidence-and-supply agreement with the Liberal Party, in a deal which became known as the Lib-Lab Pact. In return, the Labour Party agreed to modest policy concessions for the Liberal Party.[24][25]

In the aftermath of the 2017 general election which left Theresa May's Conservative Party without a majority, a confidence-and-supply agreement was agreed with the Democratic Unionist Party.[26]

Devolved government

Confidence and supply deals are more frequent in the devolved legislatures of Scotland and Wales due to the use of proportional representation.[citation needed] The Scottish National Party and Scottish Green Party had a confidence and supply deal in the Scottish Parliament.[27] The Welsh Labour Party and Plaid Cymru had a similar co-operation deal in the Welsh Assembly until October 2017.[28]

References

  1. ^ James Cook, Governments, coalitions and border politics, BBC News, 7 May 2010
  2. ^ Why the PM is safe in No 10 for the moment, The Independent, 8 May 2010
  3. ^ "StackPath" (PDF).
  4. ^ Otherwise, when it is proposed by the Government itself upon a piece of legislation, "the Chambers are enslaved in the exercise of their principal function just because it was thought that their being master of the fiduciary relationship were to be reaffirmed on each bill": Argondizzo, Domenico; Buonomo, Giampiero (April 2014). . Mondoperaio.net. Archived from the original on 1 August 2012. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
  5. ^ Rodgers, Emma (7 September 2010). "Labor clings to power". ABC News Online. Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
  6. ^ Paun, Akash; Hibben, Ashley (June 2017). "Supplying confidence" (PDF). www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk. Institute for Government. p. 2. Retrieved 5 July 2022.
  7. ^ "Liberals, NDP, Bloc sign deal on proposed coalition". www.cbc.ca. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 1 December 2008. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
  8. ^ "Liberals, NDP strike tentative deal to keep government in power until 2025: reports". Canada's National Observer. 22 March 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
  9. ^ Kines, Lindsay (29 June 2017). "Lieutenant-governor invites Horgan to take over, rejects another election". Times Colonist. Retrieved 1 July 2017.
  10. ^ Keller, James; Hunter, Justine; Hager, Mike (29 June 2017). "B.C. NDP to take power following confidence vote, ending 16 years of Liberal rule". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 11 November 2018.
  11. ^ "Brian Gallant's minority New Brunswick government defeated after losing confidence vote | CBC News". CBC.
  12. ^ Stephens, Robert (8 June 1985). "NDP, Liberals move non-confidence". The Globe and Mail. ISSN 0319-0714.
  13. ^ Peterson, David (20 December 1986). "Minority is working". The Toronto Star. ISSN 0319-0781. ProQuest 435524082.
  14. ^ "Yukon Liberals, NDP make deal to work together in government". CBC News. 28 April 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  15. ^ "Muinín agus soláthar?". comhar.ie.
  16. ^ "Confidence and Supply Arrangement". Fianna Fáil. 2016. Retrieved 3 August 2016.
  17. ^ Gallagher, Páraic (3 May 2016). . Newstalk. Archived from the original on 25 November 2017. Retrieved 3 August 2016.
  18. ^ Lehane, Mícheál (12 December 2018). "Fianna Fáil renews Confidence and Supply Agreement". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  19. ^ "Taoiseach Leo Varadkar calls general election for February 8". Independent.ie. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
  20. ^ Tan, Vincent (13 September 2021). "Malaysian government and opposition Pakatan Harapan ink 'historic' MOU on bipartisan cooperation". CNA. Retrieved 17 September 2021.
  21. ^ "What is confidence and supply… and how does it differ from a coalition?". Newshub. 10 April 2017. Retrieved 19 October 2017.
  22. ^ a b "CO (17) 10: Labour-New Zealand First Coalition, with Confidence and Supply from the Green Party: Consultation and Operating Arrangements". Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
  23. ^ Bryant, Nick (7 May 2010). "Lessons from New Zealand in art of coalition building". BBC News.
  24. ^ Weaver, Matthew (16 March 2015). "Politics: what is confidence and supply?". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 May 2016.
  25. ^ "Election 2017: DUP agrees 'confidence' deal with Tories". BBC News.
  26. ^ Peck, Tom (10 June 2017). "Theresa May to enter into 'confidence and supply' arrangement with the Democratic Unionists". The Independent. Retrieved 10 June 2017.
  27. ^ "Scots budget vote passed after Green deal". BBC News. 2 February 2017.
  28. ^ "Plaid to end Labour co-operation deal". BBC News. 6 October 2017.

External links

  • Example of confidence and supply agreement in New Zealand

January 10, 2023
confidence, supply, parliamentary, democracy, based, westminster, system, confidence, supply, required, ruling, cabinet, retain, power, lower, house, confidence, supply, agreement, whereby, party, independent, members, parliament, will, support, government, mo. In a parliamentary democracy based on the Westminster system confidence and supply are required for a ruling cabinet to retain power in the lower house A confidence and supply agreement is one whereby a party or independent members of parliament will support the government in motions of confidence and appropriation or budget supply votes by either voting in favour or abstaining However parties and independent members normally retain the right to otherwise vote in favour of their own policies or on conscience on legislative bills 1 2 3 A coalition government is a more formal arrangement than a confidence and supply agreement in that members from junior parties i e parties other than the largest gain positions in the cabinet and ministerial roles and may be expected to hold the government whip on passing legislation Contents 1 Confidence 2 Supply 3 List of governments currently under a confidence and supply agreement 4 Examples of confidence and supply deals 4 1 Australia 4 2 Canada 4 2 1 Federal 4 2 2 British Columbia 4 2 3 New Brunswick 4 2 4 Ontario 4 2 5 Yukon 4 3 India 4 4 Ireland 4 5 Italy 4 6 Japan 4 7 Malaysia 4 8 New Zealand 4 9 United Kingdom 4 9 1 Devolved government 5 References 6 External linksConfidence EditMain article Motion of no confidence In most parliamentary democracies members of a parliament can propose a motion of confidence 4 or of no confidence in the government or executive The results of such motions show how much support the government currently has in parliament Should a motion of confidence fail or a motion of no confidence pass the government will usually either resign and allow other politicians to form a new government or call an election Supply EditMain articles Appropriation bill and Loss of supply Most parliamentary democracies require an annual state budget an appropriation bill or occasional financial measures to be passed by parliament in order for a government to pay its way and enact its policies The failure of a supply bill is in effect the same as the failure of a confidence motion In early modern England the withholding of funds was one of Parliament s few ways of controlling the monarch List of governments currently under a confidence and supply agreement EditCountry Head of government Parties SeatsGovernment Support Total Canada Justin Trudeau Liberal 158 46 7 25 183 338 54 1 Croatia Andrej Plenkovic HDZ SDSS 65 43 0 11 76 151 50 3 Denmark Mette Frederiksen A 48 26 8 46 94 179 52 5 Montenegro Dritan Abazovic CnB SNP BS SDP LSH KSH 16 19 7 30 46 81 56 8 Poland Mateusz Morawiecki PiS SP R 229 49 8 7 236 460 51 3 Spain Pedro Sanchez PSOE UP 155 44 3 34 189 350 54 0 Sweden Ulf Kristersson M KD L 103 29 5 73 176 349 50 4 Sub national Asturias Adrian Barbon FSA PSOE 20 44 4 2 22 45 48 9 Azores Jose Manuel Bolieiro PPD PSD CDS PP PPM 26 45 6 3 29 57 50 9 Balearic Islands Francina Armengol PSIB Podem EUIB Mes 29 49 2 3 32 59 54 2 Catalonia Pere Aragones ERC junts 65 48 1 9 74 135 54 8 La Rioja Concha Andreu PSOE Podemos 16 48 5 1 17 33 51 5 Madrid Isabel Diaz Ayuso PP 65 47 8 13 78 136 57 3 Murcia Fernando Lopez Miras PP Ind 19 42 2 4 23 45 51 1 Navarre Maria Chivite PSN GBai Podemos 22 44 8 30 50 60 0 Thuringia Bodo Ramelow LINKE SPD Grune 42 46 7 21 63 90 70 0 Yukon Sandy Silver Liberal 8 42 1 3 11 19 57 9 Examples of confidence and supply deals EditAustralia Edit Main article Gillard Government Minority government The Australian Labor Party Gillard Government formed a minority government in the hung parliament elected at the 2010 federal election resulting from a confidence and supply agreement with three independent MPs and one Green MP 5 Canada Edit Federal Edit In November 2008 the Liberal Party and the New Democratic Party NDP reached an agreement to form a minority coalition government with the Bloc Quebecois having signed a confidence agreement to support the proposed coalition However the proposed coalition and confidence agreement fell apart in January 2009 as a result of an ensuing parliamentary dispute 6 7 In 2022 a few months into the 44th Canadian Parliament the NDP agreed to a confidence and supply agreement with the governing Liberal Party to continue the Liberal minority government The deal will keep the minority Liberal government in power until 2025 with the NDP agreeing to support the government on confidence motions and budget votes In exchange the Liberal government is understood to have pledged to advance work on key NDP policy priorities on dental care pharmaceutical drugs and affordable childcare 8 British Columbia Edit After the 2017 British Columbia provincial election the Green Party of British Columbia agreed to a confidence and supply agreement in support of the British Columbia New Democratic Party 9 The incumbent British Columbia Liberal Party which held a plurality of seats briefly tried to form a government but was immediately defeated in a confidence vote by the NDP and Greens 10 New Brunswick Edit On 2 November 2018 less than two months after the 2018 New Brunswick general election the legislative assembly voted 25 23 for a motion introduced by the Progressive Conservatives to amend the throne speech to declare no confidence in the government Subsequently Premier Brian Gallant indicated his intention to resign the premiership and recommend to the lieutenant governor that PC leader Blaine Higgs be given the mandate to form a minority government I will go see the lieutenant governor at her earliest convenience to inform her that I will be resigning as premier and I will humbly suggest to her honour to allow the leader of the Conservative Party to attempt to form a government and attempt to gain the confidence of the house People s Alliance leader Kris Austin said he would work with the new government in the areas we agree on and reiterated his promise to support the Progressive Conservatives on confidence votes for a period of 18 months Green Party leader David Coon said he would start working with the Tories in an attempt to ensure his party s issues were on the government s agenda 11 Ontario Edit Twenty two days after the 1985 Ontario provincial election the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario government resigned after a vote of no confidence and the Ontario Liberal Party formed a government with the support of the Ontario New Democratic Party 12 The agreement between the two parties was referred to as The Accord 13 Yukon Edit After the 2021 territorial election resulted in the Yukon Liberal Party and the Yukon Party winning the same number of seats the third place Yukon New Democratic Party agreed to provide confidence and supply to a Liberal minority government 14 India Edit Third Front national governments were formed in 1989 and 1996 with outside support of one of the two major parties BJP or Congress The CPI M gave outside support to the Congress Party from 2004 to 2008 but later withdrew support after the India United States Civil Nuclear Agreement Ireland Edit After the 2016 general election a minority government was formed by Fine Gael and some independents with confidence and supply Irish muinin agus solathar 15 support from Fianna Fail in return for a published set of policy commitments from the government 16 Fianna Fail abstains on confidence and supply votes but reserves the right to vote for or against any bill proposed in the Dail or Seanad The deal was to last until the end of 2018 with the possibility of renewal before then to extend it to the five year maximum term of a Dail 17 On 12 December 2018 Fianna Fail Leader Micheal Martin said his party would guarantee the Government can continue throughout 2019 and that an election might be held early in 2020 18 The 2020 Irish general election was held on Saturday 8 February 2020 The election was called following the dissolution of the 32nd Dail by the President at the request of Taoiseach Leo Varadkar on 14 January 2020 19 Italy Edit In Italy the equivalent of confidence and supply is called external support Italian appoggio esterno Starting from the 50 s through the 70 s there were various examples of Christian Democratic cabinets being able to govern thanks to confidence and supply agreements with other minor parties Most famously the Andreotti III Cabinet was formed in 1976 thanks to a confidence and supply agreement between the Christian Democrats and the Italian Communist Party referred to as the historic compromise Italian il compromesso storico in which the Communist Party agreed not to vote against the government during confidence votes The Dini Cabinet formed in 1995 and the Monti Cabinet formed in 2011 were technocratic governments which relied on the support of the main parties in Parliament during confidence votes Japan Edit In Japan the equivalent of a confidence and supply arrangement is called extra cabinet cooperation 閣外協力 kakugai kyōryoku The latest such agreement was made after the 1996 House of Representatives election between the Second Hashimoto Cabinet an LDP single party government somewhat short of majorities in both houses and two parties which had formed the governing coalition with the LDP until the election the JSP and Shintō Sakigake NPH NPS Sakigake By 1997 the LDP had gained a House of Representatives majority of its own through accessions see New Frontier Party and was hoping to regain full parliamentary control in the 1998 House of Councillors election Instead the cooperation agreement was ultimately terminated while the government lost seats in the 1998 election leaving clear control to the opposition a so called Twisted Diet The Hashimoto Cabinet resigned to give way for a new cabinet led by prime minister Keizō Ōbuchi which entered formal negotiations with other parties to form a coalition government by January 1999 First Reshuffled Obuchi Cabinet There is another implicit form of cooperation where usually very small parties which are not part of the cabinet join one of the ruling parties in joint parliamentary groups in one or both houses of the National Diet and vote with the government A recent example were the joint LDP groups with the Party for Japanese Kokoro and New Party Daichi during the 2nd Reshuffled Third Abe Cabinet Malaysia Edit A confidence and supply agreement was signed on 13 September 2021 between Barisan Nasional and Pakatan Harapan to strengthen political stability amid the COVID 19 pandemic This is the first such agreement signed to ensure bipartisan cooperation 20 New Zealand Edit In New Zealand confidence and supply arrangements are common due to the MMP system used in the country The parties providing confidence and supply have a more prominent role than in other countries with MPs from the support parties often being appointed to ministerial portfolios outside of Cabinet 21 New Zealand codified the procedures it used to form these Governments in its Cabinet Manual 22 John Key s National Party administration formed a minority government in 2008 thanks to a confidence and supply agreement with the ACT United Future and the Maori Party 23 A similar arrangement in 2005 had led to Helen Clark s Labour Party forming a coalition government with the Progressive Party with support on confidence and supply from New Zealand First and United Future After the 2014 election National re entered confidence and supply agreements with United Future the ACT Party and the Maori Party In 2017 despite National winning more votes than Labour in the election New Zealand First chose to enter coalition with Labour to help them change the government with support on confidence and supply from the left wing Green Party 22 United Kingdom Edit Between 1977 and 1978 Jim Callaghan s Labour Party stayed in power thanks to a confidence and supply agreement with the Liberal Party in a deal which became known as the Lib Lab Pact In return the Labour Party agreed to modest policy concessions for the Liberal Party 24 25 In the aftermath of the 2017 general election which left Theresa May s Conservative Party without a majority a confidence and supply agreement was agreed with the Democratic Unionist Party 26 Devolved government Edit Confidence and supply deals are more frequent in the devolved legislatures of Scotland and Wales due to the use of proportional representation citation needed The Scottish National Party and Scottish Green Party had a confidence and supply deal in the Scottish Parliament 27 The Welsh Labour Party and Plaid Cymru had a similar co operation deal in the Welsh Assembly until October 2017 28 References Edit James Cook Governments coalitions and border politics BBC News 7 May 2010 Why the PM is safe in No 10 for the moment The Independent 8 May 2010 StackPath PDF Otherwise when it is proposed by the Government itself upon a piece of legislation the Chambers are enslaved in the exercise of their principal function just because it was thought that their being master of the fiduciary relationship were to be reaffirmed on each bill Argondizzo Domenico Buonomo Giampiero April 2014 Spigolature intorno all attuale bicameralismo e proposte per quello futuro Mondoperaio net Archived from the original on 1 August 2012 Retrieved 14 March 2016 Rodgers Emma 7 September 2010 Labor clings to power ABC News Online Australian Broadcasting Corporation Paun Akash Hibben Ashley June 2017 Supplying confidence PDF www instituteforgovernment org uk Institute for Government p 2 Retrieved 5 July 2022 Liberals NDP Bloc sign deal on proposed coalition www cbc ca Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 1 December 2008 Retrieved 5 June 2022 Liberals NDP strike tentative deal to keep government in power until 2025 reports Canada s National Observer 22 March 2022 Retrieved 2 June 2022 Kines Lindsay 29 June 2017 Lieutenant governor invites Horgan to take over rejects another election Times Colonist Retrieved 1 July 2017 Keller James Hunter Justine Hager Mike 29 June 2017 B C NDP to take power following confidence vote ending 16 years of Liberal rule The Globe and Mail Retrieved 11 November 2018 Brian Gallant s minority New Brunswick government defeated after losing confidence vote CBC News CBC Stephens Robert 8 June 1985 NDP Liberals move non confidence The Globe and Mail ISSN 0319 0714 Peterson David 20 December 1986 Minority is working The Toronto Star ISSN 0319 0781 ProQuest 435524082 Yukon Liberals NDP make deal to work together in government CBC News 28 April 2021 a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a CS1 maint url status link Muinin agus solathar comhar ie Confidence and Supply Arrangement Fianna Fail 2016 Retrieved 3 August 2016 Gallagher Paraic 3 May 2016 Fine Gael and Fianna Fail parliamentary parties unanimously adopt Government deal Newstalk Archived from the original on 25 November 2017 Retrieved 3 August 2016 Lehane Micheal 12 December 2018 Fianna Fail renews Confidence and Supply Agreement a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Taoiseach Leo Varadkar calls general election for February 8 Independent ie Retrieved 26 January 2020 Tan Vincent 13 September 2021 Malaysian government and opposition Pakatan Harapan ink historic MOU on bipartisan cooperation CNA Retrieved 17 September 2021 What is confidence and supply and how does it differ from a coalition Newshub 10 April 2017 Retrieved 19 October 2017 a b CO 17 10 Labour New Zealand First Coalition with Confidence and Supply from the Green Party Consultation and Operating Arrangements Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet Retrieved 25 June 2018 Bryant Nick 7 May 2010 Lessons from New Zealand in art of coalition building BBC News Weaver Matthew 16 March 2015 Politics what is confidence and supply The Guardian Retrieved 22 May 2016 Election 2017 DUP agrees confidence deal with Tories BBC News Peck Tom 10 June 2017 Theresa May to enter into confidence and supply arrangement with the Democratic Unionists The Independent Retrieved 10 June 2017 Scots budget vote passed after Green deal BBC News 2 February 2017 Plaid to end Labour co operation deal BBC News 6 October 2017 External links EditExample of confidence and supply agreement in New Zealand Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Confidence and supply amp oldid 1130049430, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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