Leninism argues[1] that a communist revolution must be led by a vanguard of "professional revolutionaries", men and women who are fully dedicated to the communist cause and who can then form the nucleus of the revolutionary movement. Some Marxists[who?] disagree with the idea of a vanguard as put forth by Lenin, especially left communists.[citation needed] Some who continue to consider themselves Marxist–Leninists[who?] also oppose the vanguard despite disagreeing with the majority of left communism.[2] These critics insist that the entire working class—or at least a large part of it—must be deeply involved and equally committed to the socialist or communist cause in order for a proletarian revolution to be successful. To this end, they seek to build massive communist parties with very large memberships.
Communist revolutions throughout history
This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (December 2021)
The following is a list of successful and unsuccessful communist revolutions throughout history. Among the lesser known revolutions, a number of borderline cases have been included which may or may not have been communist revolutions. The nature of unsuccessful revolutions is particularly contentious since one can only speculate as to the kinds of policies that would have been implemented by the revolutionaries had they achieved victory.
The Canadian Labour Revolt was a series of loosely connected strikes, riots and labour conflicts primarily organized by the One Big Union (OBU) that occurred from 1917-1925 but ended in defeat.
The anti-fascist, socialist Labin Republic uprising in modern-day Labin, Croatia, which pushed out Mussolini's fascist forces and established a socialist society in the city and surrounding towns for approximately one month
The Proclamation of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea in 1948, when the Soviet-backed Workers' Party of Korea, led by Kim Il-sung, announced the formation of the state of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. However as of 1992, the country no longer prescribes to Marxism–Leninism, and as of 2009 is no longer a communist state.
The Cuban Revolution of 1959 was a nationalistic revolution led by Fidel Castro and Che Guevara which overthrew former president Fulgencio Batista and instated a Marxist–Leninist socialist regime later on in Cuba. Even though Batista had been elected for his first term, he got himself into power for his second term through a coup d'état.
The Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP) rebellion in Sri Lanka in 1971 and from 1987 to 1989. The JVP fought with Sri Lankan then government, but defeated at both two occasions. Rohana Wijeweera, leader of the JVP, was captured by the government force and summarily executed in 1989.
The Burkina Faso Revolution 1983–1987. Thomas Sankara dissolved Upper Volta and proclaimed Burkina Faso, "Land of Upright People". The revolution suppressed most of the powers held by tribal chiefs in Burkina Faso. These feudal landlords were stripped of their rights to tribute payments and forced labour as well as having their land distributed amongst the peasantry.[8]
The internal conflict in Peru comprised two rebellions by two different Marxist organizations. One, the Shining Path, fought a bloody war beginning in 1980 with successive Peruvian governments, both democratic and authoritarian in nature. Another organization, known as the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA), named after an Incan warrior Túpac Amaru began their own rebellion in 1982. The MRTA and Shining Path quickly became bitter enemies and fought one another as well as the government of Peru. Fighting goes on today with a small number of Shining Path cadres, however the movement has mostly been crushed and only operates in a very remote jungle region. The Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement was largely destroyed in 1997 after the Japanese embassy hostage crisis.
^Lenin, V.I. (1972) [18–23 March 1919]. "Eighth Congress of the R.C.P.(B.)". Lenin’s Collected Works. Vol. 29 (4th English ed.). Moscow: Progress Publishers. pp. 141–225.
^Chomsky, Noam (March 12, 2013). . Pax Marxista (Interview). Interviewed by Christopher Helali. Archived from the original on July 29, 2015 – via chomsky.info.
^Perry, Juliet (July 21, 2016). "Tribunal finds Indonesia guilty of 1965 genocide; US, UK complicit". CNN. Retrieved June 5, 2017.
^. Rebel Yell!. Spring 2007. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved October 7, 2008.
^. February 25, 2004. Archived from the original on February 25, 2004. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
^"Facts about Thomas Sankara in Burkina Faso". thomassankara.net. from the original on November 5, 2020.
^Milza, Pierre (2009a). L'année terrible: La Commune (mars–juin 1871) [The terrible year: La Commune (March–June 1871)] (in French). Paris: Perrin. ISBN978-2-262-03073-5.
^"annexe au procès verbal de la session du 20 juillet 1875" [appendix to the minutes of the session of July 20, 1875], Rapport d'ensemble de M. le Général Appert sur les opérations de la justice militaire relatives à l'insurrection de 1871 [Overall report by General Appert on the operations of military justice relating to the 1871 insurrection] (in French), Versailles: Assemblée nationale, 1875
communist, revolution, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, 2022. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Communist revolution news newspapers books scholar JSTOR May 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message A communist revolution is a proletarian revolution often but not necessarily inspired by the ideas of Marxism that aims to replace capitalism with communism Depending on the type of government socialism can be used as an intermediate stage to Communism The idea that a proletarian revolution is needed is a cornerstone of Marxism Marxists believe that the workers of the world must unite and free themselves from capitalist oppression to create a world run by and for the working class Thus in the Marxist view proletarian revolutions need to happen in countries all over the world Leninism argues 1 that a communist revolution must be led by a vanguard of professional revolutionaries men and women who are fully dedicated to the communist cause and who can then form the nucleus of the revolutionary movement Some Marxists who disagree with the idea of a vanguard as put forth by Lenin especially left communists citation needed Some who continue to consider themselves Marxist Leninists who also oppose the vanguard despite disagreeing with the majority of left communism 2 These critics insist that the entire working class or at least a large part of it must be deeply involved and equally committed to the socialist or communist cause in order for a proletarian revolution to be successful To this end they seek to build massive communist parties with very large memberships Communist revolutions throughout history EditThis list is incomplete you can help by adding missing items December 2021 The following is a list of successful and unsuccessful communist revolutions throughout history Among the lesser known revolutions a number of borderline cases have been included which may or may not have been communist revolutions The nature of unsuccessful revolutions is particularly contentious since one can only speculate as to the kinds of policies that would have been implemented by the revolutionaries had they achieved victory The 1917 communist revolution in the Russian Republic known as the October Revolution and a part of the Russian Revolution It resulted in the victory of the Bolsheviks and the creation of Soviet Russia the predecessor of the Soviet Union The Canadian Labour Revolt was a series of loosely connected strikes riots and labour conflicts primarily organized by the One Big Union OBU that occurred from 1917 1925 but ended in defeat The German Revolution of 1918 19 led by Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht which ended in defeat for the communists The creation of the Hungarian Soviet Republic in 1919 led by Bela Kun which was defeated after five months The creation of the short lived Bavarian Soviet Republic in 1919 which was defeated within a month by the German army and Freikorps The Mongolian Revolution of 1921 led by the Mongolian People s Revolutionary Party which defeated the Republic of China s Mongolian puppet state and the White Guards under Baron Ungern with the help of the Russian Red Army The anti fascist socialist Labin Republic uprising in modern day Labin Croatia which pushed out Mussolini s fascist forces and established a socialist society in the city and surrounding towns for approximately one month The 1932 Salvadoran peasant uprising known as La matanza the slaughter Pipil and peasant rebellion led by Farabundo Marti The Spanish Revolution of 1936 The People s Liberation War in Yugoslavia waged by the Yugoslav Partisans under the command of Josip Broz Tito with Allied support against the invading forces of Nazi Germany and the Yugoslav monarchists known as the Chetniks The victorious partisans establish the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia The August Revolution of 1945 creating the Democratic Republic of Vietnam The Proclamation of the Democratic People s Republic of Korea in 1948 when the Soviet backed Workers Party of Korea led by Kim Il sung announced the formation of the state of the Democratic People s Republic of Korea However as of 1992 the country no longer prescribes to Marxism Leninism and as of 2009 is no longer a communist state The Cuban Revolution of 1959 was a nationalistic revolution led by Fidel Castro and Che Guevara which overthrew former president Fulgencio Batista and instated a Marxist Leninist socialist regime later on in Cuba Even though Batista had been elected for his first term he got himself into power for his second term through a coup d etat Les Trois Glorieuses of 1963 in Congo Brazzaville a successful coup d etat led by the Confederation generale aefienne du travail and the Union de la jeunesse congolaise against Fulbert Youlou established the People s Republic of the Congo The Communist Party of Indonesia s support for President Sukarno which ended when Indonesian General Suharto removed President Sukarno from power and unleashed a wave of mass killings against real or alleged communists 3 The First Indochina War that resulted in the defeat of the French at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu 1954 and brought the Communist Party of Vietnam under Ho Chi Minh to power in North Vietnam A victory followed closely by the protracted guerrilla warfare dominated Vietnam War 1957 1975 which in turn led to the fall of Saigon and the driving out of occupying United States military forces there and the unification of North and South Vietnam by communist guerrilla forces into the Socialist Republic of Vietnam The conflict drastically changed neighboring Laos and Cambodia The Malayan Emergency when the Malayan Communist Party and communist guerrillas fought against and were defeated by British and Malayan forces The overthrow of Emperor Haile Selassie by Mengistu Haile Mariam who then set up one party Marxist Leninist rule in Ethiopia by the communist Workers Party of Ethiopia establishing the People s Democratic Republic of Ethiopia until they were defeated and expelled by the socialist and Hoxhaist Ethiopian People s Revolutionary Democratic Front during a subsequent civil war The Carnation Revolution when leftist and anti colonial forces in the Portuguese military overthrew the longtime authoritarian government of Portugal under Marcelo Caetano The Saur Revolution that brought the People s Democratic Party of Afghanistan to power in Afghanistan They were overthrown by the mujahideen in 1992 4 The overthrow of Eric Gairy that brought the New Jewel Movement to power in Grenada from 1979 until 1983 when they were deposed by a United States led invasion The Salvadoran Civil War from 1980 1992 FMLN mainly composed of Marxist Leninist guerrilla groups fought against the U S backed military government which suppressed the rebel movement by framing and mass murdering alleged Marxist Leninist revolutionaries El Mozote massacre 5 6 7 The FMLN was inspired by the ideologies of Farabundo Marti and Vladimir Lenin The Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna JVP rebellion in Sri Lanka in 1971 and from 1987 to 1989 The JVP fought with Sri Lankan then government but defeated at both two occasions Rohana Wijeweera leader of the JVP was captured by the government force and summarily executed in 1989 The Burkina Faso Revolution 1983 1987 Thomas Sankara dissolved Upper Volta and proclaimed Burkina Faso Land of Upright People The revolution suppressed most of the powers held by tribal chiefs in Burkina Faso These feudal landlords were stripped of their rights to tribute payments and forced labour as well as having their land distributed amongst the peasantry 8 Start date End date Duration Event s State Rebel group Revolutionary base area Deaths Result Notes18 March 1871 28 May 1871 72 days Paris Commune France Communards National Guards Paris 7 544 killed overall 9 10 Revolt suppressed 11 Disbanding the Second National Guard by the French government24 April 1916 29 April 1916 6 days Easter Rising United Kingdom Irish rebel forces Irish Citizen Army Dublin 485 killed 12 13 14 Unconditional surrender of rebel forces execution of most leaders While not explicitly Communist in Nature the Easter Rising of 1916 was supported by Marxist groups such as the Irish Citizen Army 1 August 1927 7 August 1950 23 years 7 days Chinese Civil War Chinese Communist Revolution Republic of China Chinese Communist Party Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army 1927 1937 People s Liberation Army 1946 1950 Communist controlled China cca 8 million Communist victory The Chinese Communist Revolution was the final stage of the Chinese Civil War that resulted in the victory of the Chinese Communist Party in China in 1949 1 November 1955 30 April 1975 19 years 181 days Vietnam War South Vietnam Viet Cong People s Liberation Armed Forces of South Vietnam Memot District 1966 72 Lộc Ninh 1972 75 1 326 494 4 249 494 Communist victory23 May 1959 2 December 1975 16 years 194 days Laotian Civil War Laos Lao People s Party Pathet Lao Xam Neua 20 000 62 000 killed Communist victory The Laotian Civil War resulting in the victory of the communist Pathet Lao Lao People s Revolutionary Party in Laos by 1975 eliminating a coalition government with anti communists led to the establishment of the communist administered Lao People s Democratic Republic 17 January 1968 17 April 1975 7 years 91 days Cambodian Civil War Cambodia Communist Party of Kampuchea Khmer Rouge Ratanakiri Province 275 000 310 000 killed Communist victory The civil war in Cambodia ended with the Khmer Rouge revolution in 1975 The Communist Party of Cambodia and Pol Pot then ruled the country until 1979 18 May 1967 Present 55 years 280 days Naxalbari uprising Naxalite Maoist insurgency India Communist Party of India Maoist People s Liberation Guerrilla Army Red corridor cca 14 000 Ongoing The Maoist revolution of India happened in 1977 It was crushed by the Indian National Congress then led by Indira Gandhi In India various Maoist oriented factions generally called Naxalites have waged armed struggles since the Naxalbari rebellion of 1967 Today the most prominent Naxalite group is the Communist Party of India Maoist 29 March 1969 Present 53 years 330 days Communist rebellion in the Philippines Philippines Communist Party of the Philippines New People s Army Samar more than 40 000 Ongoing Maoist styled Protracted People s War in the Philippines launched by the Communist Party of the Philippines through the New People s Army in 1969 and continuing at present 12 September 1972 Present 50 years 163 days Maoist insurgency in Turkey Turkey Communist Party of Turkey Marxist Leninist Liberation Army of the Workers and Peasants of Turkey Tunceli Province 500 Maoists killed Ongoing19 July 1961 17 July 1979 17 years 364 days Nicaraguan Revolution Nicaragua Sandinistas Sandinista Popular Army North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region 30 000 killed Communist victory The Nicaraguan Revolution that overthrew the dictator Anastasio Somoza Debayle and brought the Sandinistas to power in Nicaragua from 1979 to 1990 17 May 1980 Present 42 years 281 days Internal conflict in Peru Peru Communist Party of Peru Shining Path People s Guerilla Army Ayacucho Region 70 000 killed Ongoing The internal conflict in Peru comprised two rebellions by two different Marxist organizations One the Shining Path fought a bloody war beginning in 1980 with successive Peruvian governments both democratic and authoritarian in nature Another organization known as the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement MRTA named after an Incan warrior Tupac Amaru began their own rebellion in 1982 The MRTA and Shining Path quickly became bitter enemies and fought one another as well as the government of Peru Fighting goes on today with a small number of Shining Path cadres however the movement has mostly been crushed and only operates in a very remote jungle region The Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement was largely destroyed in 1997 after the Japanese embassy hostage crisis 13 February 1996 21 November 2006 10 years 282 days Nepalese Civil War Nepal Communist Party of Nepal Maoist People s Liberation Army Nepal Rapti Zone 17 800 killed overall Comprehensive Peace Accord The Maoist Unified Communist Party of Nepal fought a fairly successful revolutionary war against the autocratic King of Nepal In 2006 peace was declared and an agreement was reached that the Maoists would join an interim government 1965 1983 18 years Communist insurgency in Thailand Thailand Communist Party of Thailand People s Liberation Army of Thailand Nakhon Phanom Province 1 450 soldiers police and officials killed Government victory2 April 1948 August 2021 21 September 1988 Present 40 years 173 days 1 year 205 days Communist insurgency in Myanmar Myanmar Communist Party of Burma People s Army of Burma Shan State 3 000 killed Ongoingc December 1962 3 November 1990 27 years 338 days Communist insurgency in Sarawak Malaysia North Kalimantan Communist Party North Kalimantan People s Army Sarawak 400 500 killed Government victorySee also Edit Wikiquote has quotations related to Communist revolution Class conflict Communist state Communist societyReferences Edit Lenin V I 1972 18 23 March 1919 Eighth Congress of the R C P B Lenin s Collected Works Vol 29 4th English ed Moscow Progress Publishers pp 141 225 Chomsky Noam March 12 2013 Noam Chomsky on Revolutionary Violence Communism and the American Left Pax Marxista Interview Interviewed by Christopher Helali Archived from the original on July 29 2015 via chomsky info Perry Juliet July 21 2016 Tribunal finds Indonesia guilty of 1965 genocide US UK complicit CNN Retrieved June 5 2017 Afghanistan s Saur Revolution of 1978 and the U S backed counterrevolution Rebel Yell Spring 2007 Archived from the original on September 27 2007 Retrieved October 7 2008 Enemies of War Justice Denied February 25 2004 Archived from the original on February 25 2004 Retrieved November 6 2019 Maura Clarke Jean Donovan Facts about Thomas Sankara in Burkina Faso thomassankara net Archived from the original on November 5 2020 Milza Pierre 2009a L annee terrible La Commune mars juin 1871 The terrible year La Commune March June 1871 in French Paris Perrin ISBN 978 2 262 03073 5 annexe au proces verbal de la session du 20 juillet 1875 appendix to the minutes of the session of July 20 1875 Rapport d ensemble de M le General Appert sur les operations de la justice militaire relatives a l insurrection de 1871 Overall report by General Appert on the operations of military justice relating to the 1871 insurrection in French Versailles Assemblee nationale 1875 Third Party Address The Paris Commune Marxists Internet Archive May 1871 1916 Necrology PDF Archived from the original PDF on December 14 2017 1916 list Glasnevin Trust Archived from the original on April 5 2017 Sinn Fein Rebellion handbook Easter 1916 Irish Times 1916 p 52 Retrieved from https en 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